A fuse assembly is disclosed. The fuse assembly includes an electrically insulating hollow casing of a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape in outline, a fuse element provided within the casing and supported by the casing, the casing having first and second spheroidal concaves provided therein for facilitating reflecting and converging of shock waves into focuses at the time when an arc discharge is generated due to blowing of the fuse element and the shock waves are then produced, the first and second spheroidal concaves being disposed side by side along a longitudinal direction of the casing and overlapping each other in the longitudinal direction of the casing in such a manner that inner foci of the concaves are overlapped with each other, and a pair of spaced apart electrodes provided at both ends of the casing, the fuse element being electrically connected to the spaced apart electrodes and bridged between the spaced apart electrodes.

As a fuse assembly, there is known a fuse assembly that comprises a hollow casing, a pair of spaced apart electrodes mounted to the casing, and a fuse link or fuse element disposed within the casing and bridged between the spaced apart electrodes. In such a fuse assembly, when an overcurrent, which ranges from several ten times to several hundred times larger than a rated value, flows through the fuse link, the fuse link is partially melted and then cut into two parts, and the current is resultantly cut off. At this time, an arc discharge is generated between the parts of the melted fuse link.
As the two parts of the fuse element are melted by heat generated due to the arc discharge, a gap between the two parts of the melted fuse element becomes larger. As a result, the arc discharge will be spontaneously extinguished. Also, it is well known to persons skilled in the art that if an alternating current source is employed as a power supply for associated electrical equipment, the arc discharge tends to easily extinguish at the time when an AC voltage becomes zero.
Moreover, there is known a fuse assembly including a case filled with arc-extinguishing medium such as quartz sand. In this case, when an overcurrent flows through a fuse element of the fuse assembly, the fuse element is partially melted and then cut into two parts, and an arc discharge is generated, metal vapor which is produced from melted metal of the fuse element heated due to the arc discharge is then deposited on the quartz sand. As a result, the arc discharge is cooled and then extinguished.
However, in the event of the fuse assembly being small-sized, it is hard to cause the arc discharge to be extinguished since an entire gap between electrodes of the fuse assembly is inevitably small and the fuse element is inevitably shorter. Therefore, in order to cause the arc discharge to be positively extinguished, a fuse element that is long in length is inevitably required, so that an entire fuse assembly inevitably becomes larger. However, such a fuse assembly is practically inconvenient, since it can not comply with demands on miniaturization of associated electrical equipment. Moreover, in a case where applied voltage is high, even if such a fuse element is employed, the arc discharge tends to continuously occur. Also, in a case where a direct current source is employed as a power supply for associated electrical equipment, voltage does not become zero, so that there is less chance of extinguishing of the arc discharge.
When the generation of the arc discharge is continued and the metal vapor is continuously produced from the melted fuse element, there is a possibility that the casing of the fuse assembly will be burst or the electrodes are blown since an internal pressure in the casing is elevated by the continuous metal vapor. In addition, there is a possibility that arc heating will bring about internal ignition of the casing and the arc discharge will bring about flashover. As a result, the associated electrical equipment will be finally damaged.
Meanwhile, it is well known to persons skilled in the art that when the metal vapor from the melted fuse element progresses and the internal pressure in the casing is increased, shock waves are generated in the casing. The inventor aimed at this fact and experimentally found that it was possible to cause an arc discharge to be positively extinguished by controlling the shock waves.

Method of avoiding arc prolongation on current interruption, particulary a fuse


A docking station for an electronic device is provided. The docking station includes a housing having an inner space, a rotator disposed in a rotatable manner inside the housing, and partially exposed outwardly to the housing when completely open, a movable member coupled to the rotator, and exposed together with a device mounting groove for mounting an electronic device thereon when the rotator is completely open, and a stopper coupled to the movable member to selectively control the movable member so that a position of the movable member is fixed when the rotator is completely open and so that the movable member moves in a closing direction together when the rotator is closed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a docking station and an electronic device thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
The rapid development of the electronic communication industry has led to many advances in electronic devices, in particular, portable terminals. For example, based on the advances in technology, a smart phone, classified as a cellular phone, is now able to provide various advanced features and functions such as web surfing, music listening, movie watching, capturing a video image of a subject, capturing a still image, data communication with another smart phone, etc., in addition to a basic telephony function. Further, new functions are continuously added to address users' demands.
Since electronic devices such as the aforementioned smart phone are designed to be conveniently carried by users in everyday life, an overall volume of the terminal becomes slim while gradually diversifying the aforementioned functions and maintaining high performance.
Further, peripheral devices used together with these electronic devices are also under development. Representative examples thereof may include a Bluetooth device capable of communicating with a peer user or listening to music through near field communication with respect to the electronic device, a removable speaker device selectively connected to the electronic device to amplify an output speaker sound, a mount device for mounting the electronic device thereon, etc.
In particular, the mount device is also called a 'docking station', and is applied to various devices to perform a unique function while mounting the electronic device. In general, the docking station has a mounting groove in a center portion to support the electronic device by partially inserting the electronic device therein. A connector is provided in a protruding manner to a lower portion of the mounting groove to electronically connect a connector port of the electronic device. Therefore, the docking station can be used for various purposes by connecting with the connector. For example, the docking station can charge the electronic device or can interwork with at least one speaker provided together to convert a sound output from the electronic device into a high quality sound.
However, since the conventional docking station is simply designed to expose a device mounting groove including a connector according to a size of an electronic device which is used outside the docking station, there is a problem in that its outer appearance is adversely affected when the docking station is not equipped with the electronic device, and an inner portion of the electronic device is contaminated by entering of external foreign material, which leads to an erroneous operation of the docking station.
To address this problem, a docking body used to mount the device is implemented such that, in case of using the docking body, the docking body itself rotates to expose the device mounting groove for mounting the device, and otherwise, in case of not using the docking body, the docking body is used as a cover.
Such a rotating docking body requires an additional lock hold and release element (e.g., a locking button provided in one side of the docking station) to prevent self rotation when it is pressed by a self-rotation member in a direction for docking the device, and has an inconvenient structure in which the docking body rotates selectively only when the additional lock hold and release element is manipulated by a user.
Accordingly, there is a need for an improved docking station of which a connector and a mounting groove for an electronic device can be selectively disposed therein when the docking station is not in use.
The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the present disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the present invention.


An apparatus, system, and method for processing photothermographic elements. The apparatus thermally develops a photothermographic element by heating the photothermographic element between a heated member, having a resilient layer, and a plurality of rollers. The apparatus can be a component of other apparatus and systems including those having the ability to expose the photothermographic element to form a latent image.

Photothermography is an established imaging technology. In photothermography, a photothermographic element is processed in two steps. The first step involves exposing the photothermographic element to radiation on an image-wise basis to create a latent image in the photothermographic element. This step is often referred to as imaging. The second step involves heating the photothermographic element to a development temperature for a sufficient period of time to thermally develop the latent image to a visible image. This step is often referred to as developing or, simply, as processing.
Devices and methods for developing are generally known and include contacting the photothermographic element with a heated platen, drum or belt (sometimes referred to as endless belts), blowing heated air onto the photothermographic element, immersing the photothermographic element in a heated inert liquid, and exposing the element to radiant energy of a wavelength to which the element is not photosensitive.
Photothermographic elements developed using these known devices and methods often have an uneven or non-uniform image density, image distortions and/or surface abrasion defects. Non-uniform image density defects occur during the development process due to, for instance, surface variations on the heated member, the presence of foreign matter on the photothermographic element or the heated member, and insufficient allowance for outgassing of volatile materials generated during developing. Image distortions can occur due to uncontrolled dimensional changes in the base of the photothermographic element during heating and/or cooling of the photothermographic element. Surface abrasions or marring occur by dragging the photothermographic element across a stationary component in the heating device. In many applications such as text and line drawings, these defects may be acceptable. However, users of medical, industrial, graphic, and other imaging applications desire uniform and high quality images.
In particular, because many belts can have patterns or seams, the image in the photothermographic elements developed using belts can receive an unacceptable corresponding development pattern or seam mark. While drums can make efficient use of space and can have a surface free of belt patterns and seams, drums require the photothermographic element to follow a curved path which can induce curling. In addition, drums require the photothermographic element to be guided along the curved path which can cause surface marring in the photothermographic element. Furthermore, heating the photothermographic element using many known drum devices or other heating devices can create wrinkles when heating the photothermographic element.
As a result, there is a need for a thermal processor which provides uniform and high quality images. There is also a need to mate such a thermal processor with complementary devices and photothermographic elements to offer apparatus, systems, and methods which together optimize uniformity and image quality.
In addition to uniformity and image quality, there is a need for such a processor and related apparatus, systems, and methods which provide increased throughput rates. The capability to image and develop a variation of format sizes are also desirable features not currently available in high quality photothermography.
Although known photothermographic apparatus, systems, and methods do have environmental advantages over wet development systems, there are still significant issues unaddressed.

Apparatus, system, and method for processing photothermographic elements


The present disclosure provides dry powder antibiotic compositions that are effective in the treatment of bacterial infections and associated conditions. Moreover, the present disclosure provides dry powder antibiotic compositions for the treatment of bacterial infections, by multi-drug resistant bacteria, resulting in the subsequent reduction in the prevalent rates of drug resistance.

Respiratory lung infections due to multidrug resistant pathogens are increasing worldwide. Their multidrug resistance profile makes currently available therapeutic options extremely limited. Some of these pathogens include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) among the Gram-positive bacteria; and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae (including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli), among the Gram-negative bacteria.
In view of the rising bacterial resistance rates worldwide, there is an anticipated demand for novel antibiotic compositions to broaden the antimicrobial spectrum, improve the efficacy, prevent the emergence/re-emergence of resistant bacteria, and lower the dose of the individual drugs to reduce the side effects as well as the treatment costs.
The development of resistance to antibiotics is well-documented for both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, which has implications in the ability to treat pulmonary infections and respiratory diseases that afflict millions of people across the world leading to suffering, economic loss and premature death. In particular, Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria due to the presence of a second outer membrane, which provides an efficient barrier to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds. Consequently, Gram-negative bacterial infections are typically more problematic to treat in view of the fewer classes of antibiotics available for effective treatment.
As carbapenems (for example, imipenem, meropenem and doripenem) possess broad-spectrum activity against many Gram-negative bacteria they remain the 'final-line' drug of choice for extended-spectrum, β-lactamase-producing organisms. However, the increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant and carbapenemase-producing organisms is jeopardizing the efficacy of carbapenems (carbapenem-resistant bacteria are "superbugs", exhibiting broad resistance to many other antibiotic classes, often leaving the infection untreatable). Hence, seeking alternative treatment regimens has become a pressing issue.
Currently, colistin (a 50-year old polymyxin class of antibiotics), is undergoing a period of revival, and is favored as a 'last line' therapeutic against these hard to treat multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae. Unfortunately, in recent years, sporadic reports of colistin-resistant strains have started emerging from various parts of the world (for example, Singapore, Greece, Israel and South Korea).
Combination regimens are therefore attractive alternative strategies to overcoming these rising rates of drug resistance in the dearth of newer antibiotics. Inhaled delivery of these combination compounds are useful in eradicating these pathogens more effectively due to direct lung targeting at high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The simultaneous use of multiple classes of antibiotics is also useful in protecting against the re-emergence of drug resistant bacteria.
As such, there is a need in the art for antibiotic compositions that are effective in the treatment of infections by multi-drug resistant bacteria, and the subsequent reduction in the prevalent rates of drug resistance.

Antibiotic compositions for treating bacterial infections

AGENCY FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH


A mounting bracket is disclosed for a fixture element formed with channel means comprising two opposed channel formations, the mounting bracket comprising a bracket body and a flange formation adapted to be slidably received by the channel formtions, the flange formation (4, 6) being held spaced from bracket body (22), the flange formation comprising flange portions (4xe2x80x2, 6xe2x80x2) which together define a substantially rectangular outline, disregarding any spaces between the flange portions. The flange portions lie substantially in a common plane and are directed generally outwardly, in opposite directions, of the centre (22) of the rectangular outline. The arrangement is such that in use the flange formation is receivable by the channel means (42, 44) of the fixture element (40 ) in two orientations of the fixture element that are perpendicular to each other.

The present invention relates to a mounting bracket and is concerned particularly, although not exclusively with, a mounting bracket for use within an enclosure for housing cabling and associated equipment.
A vast amount of cabling is used in the telecommunication and electronics industry. Existing cabinets that are used to house the junctions of cabling and associated equipment are either floor standing or wall mounted. Easy access to the cabling is important and existing cabinets include panels. Many existing cabinets comprise a frame structure and a plurality of panels mounted thereon. The frame structure includes support members formed by presswork. The members are formed from sheet metal and holes and locating slots are punched through walls of the members. The walls of the members are substantially perpendicular to each other and form common U-shaped channel sections and L-shaped sections.
The support members are often used to support cables using cable ties and cable guides.
Depending upon where on the frame structure the cable guides are to be mounted, different fixings are generally provided for different configurations of cable guide.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a mounting bracket for a fixture element formed with channel means comprising two opposed channel formations, said mounting bracket comprising a bracket body, a bracket spacer fixedly connected to the bracket body and a flange formation fixedly connected to the bracket spacer, whereby said flange formation is held spaced from said bracket body, said flange formation comprising flange portions which together define a substantially rectangular outline, disregarding any spaces between the flange portions, said flange portions lying substantially in a common plane and being directed generally outwardly of the centre of said rectangular outline, whereby in use said flange formation is receivable by said channel means selectively in a first orientation of said fixture element and in a second orientation of said fixture element, said first orientation and said second orientation being substantially perpendicular to each other.
Preferably, the flange formation comprises two spaced-apart, parallel elongate flange regions.
Each flange region is preferably held spaced from the bracket body by a respective web portion of the bracket that extends in a direction away from the bracket body.
The respective lengths of the elongate flange regions are preferably greater than the corresponding lengths of the web portions so as to define retaining lugs at the opposite ends of the elongate flange regions, the retaining lugs being adapted to co-operate with the channel means when the fixture element is assembled to the bracket in the orientation in which the flange regions extend transversely of the channel means.
The mounting bracket preferably comprises attachment means.
The invention also comprises the combination of a fixture element and a mounting bracket in accordance with the first aspect of the invention.
The fixture element is preferably a cable guide number.


Purified BMP-16 proteins and processes for producing them are disclosed. DNA molecules encoding the BMP-16 proteins are also disclosed. The proteins may be used in the treatment of bone, cartilage, other connective tissue defects and disorders, including tendon, ligament and meniscus, in wound healing and related tissue repair, as well as for treatment of disorders and defects to tissues which include epidermis, nerve, muscle, including cardiac muscle, and other tissues and wounds, and organs such as liver, lung, cardiac, pancreas and kidney tissue. The proteins may also be useful for the induction of growth and/or differentiation of undifferentiated embryonic and stem cells.

The search for the molecule or molecules responsible for the bone-, cartilage-, and other connective tissue-inductive activity present in bone and other tissue extracts has led to the discovery of a novel set of molecules called the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs). The structures of several proteins, designated BMP-1 through BMP-15 have previously been elucidated. The unique inductive activities of these proteins, along with their presence in bone, suggests that they are important regulators of bone repair processes, and may be involved in the normal maintenance of bone tissue. There is a need to identify whether additional proteins, particularly human proteins, exist which play a role in these processes. The present invention relates to the identification of such a novel human protein, which the inventors have designated human BMP-16.
Human BMP-16 is the human homolog of a murine protein called Nodal. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of Nodal are described in Zhou et al., Nature, 361:543-547 (1993). The murine Nodal gene has been described as being expressed in the mouse node during gastrulation. A retrovirally induced insertional mutation of the murine Nodal gene results in the absence of mesodermal cell types normally associated with the primitive streak, and is embryonic lethal. Conlon et al., Development 120:1919-1928 (1994); Conlon et al., Development 111:969-981 (1991).

Nucleic acids encoding bone morphogenic protein-16 (BMP-16)


Methods of treating diseases caused by cell division or that are treated by inhibiting mitosis by administering two doses of an inhibitor of mitosis between the biologically effective dose and the maximum tolerated dose in a dosing cycle that allows for the recovery or subsiding of side effects, wherein the second dose is administered 24 to 48 hours after the first dose.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for treating diseases caused by cell division or that are treated by inhibiting mitosis using inhibitors of mitosis on a specific dosing schedule.
Description of the State of Art
Inhibitors of mitosis (also called mitotic inhibitors or anti-mitotics) are important therapeutics for the treatment of diseases, and they are used in treatments for cancer, as well as anti-gout and anti-fungus agents and treating restenosis. These inhibitors of mitosis therapeutics disrupt mitosis such that the cell will no longer divide. In cancer, inhibitors of mitosis can stop cancerous growth and lead to apoptosis or exit from mitosis followed by cell death.
Many inhibitors of mitosis are known. Some inhibitors of mitosis are anti-tubulin agents. Anti-tubulin agents act on tubulin, a protein that is necessary for mitosis. Anti-tubulin agents include vinca alkaloids, taxanes and epothilones. Non-tubulin targeted inhibitors of mitosis have also been investigated as cancer therapeutics. Different inhibitors of mitosis affect different portions of the cell cycle, and sometimes other functions outside of mitosis. For instance, anti-tubulin agents can affect non-mitotic cytoskeletal functions in proliferating cells and in terminally differentiated cells. Peripheral neurotoxicity has been associated with tubulin agents. Thus, different inhibitors of mitosis may have different toxicities.
Vinca alkaloids inhibit microtubule polymerization, which thereby inhibits mitosis. Vinca alkaloids include vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine and vinorelbine. Vinblastine has been used to treat certain kinds of cancer, including Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer and testicular cancer. Vincristine has been used to treat certain kinds of cancer, including lymphoma, breast cancer, lung cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Vinblastine and vincristine have also been used in palliative regimens for some of the major solid tumors (See Wood, Kenneth W., et al. "Past and future of the mitotic spindle as an oncology treatment." Current Opinion in Pharmacology. Vol. 1, Issue 4 (Aug. 1, 2001): pp. 370-377). Vindesine has been used to treat certain kinds of cancer, including leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, breast cancer and lung cancer. Vinorelbine has been used to treat certain kinds of cancer, including breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.
Taxanes stabilize microtubules, thereby inactivating the microtubule function of a cell and inhibiting cell division. Taxanes include paclitaxel (including Abraxane) and docetaxel. Paclitaxel is used to treat certain kinds of cancer, including lung cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer and advanced forms of Kaposi's sarcoma. Docetaxel is used to treat certain kinds of cancer, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. New taxanes are also in development, for example BMS275183 (See 2006 EJC Poster: Broker, L. E., et al. "The novel oral taxanes BMS275183 has a favorable activity and toxicity profile in a twice weekly schedule; Preliminary findings from an extended phase I trial." EJC Suppl. 2006 Abstract 644, p. 194).
Additionally, colchicine is an inhibitor of mitosis that acts as an anti-tubulin agent. Colchicine inhibits mitosis by inhibiting microtubule polymerization. Colchicine is used to treat gout.
Epothilones are a class of microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapeutic agents with activity in paclitaxel-resistant cancer cell lines (See Denduluri, Neelima, et al. "Phase II trial of ixabepilone, an epothilones B analog, given daily for three days every three weeks, in metastatic breast cancer." Invest. New Drugs. 25 (Aug. 25, 2006): pp. 63-67). Epothilones include epothilone A, epothilone B, epothilone D and the epothilone analog ixabepilone. Ixabepilone has been approved for the treatment of aggressive metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer no longer responding to currently available chemotherapies.
Dolastatin and dolastatin analogues are inhibitors of mitosis. These compounds include dolastatin 10, dolastatin 15, synthadotin (or SYN-D or ILX651; see 2004 ASCO Abstract No. 3068, Hammond, L. A., et al. "Phase (Ph) I evaluation of the dolastatin analogue synthadotin (SYN-D; ILX651): Pooled data analysis of three alternate schedules in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors." J. Clin. Oncology. 2004 Suppl. Abstract 3068 14s (2004)), LU103793 and cemadotin.
Aurora kinases, including Aurora A, Aurora B and Aurora C, are serine/threonine kinases that function in mitosis. Aurora kinases have been targeted as inhibitors of mitosis. Aurora A has its function in the prophase of mitosis and is required for the centrosomes to function correctly. Aurora B functions in the attachment of the mitotic spindle to the centromere. Aurora kinase inhibitors include AZD-1152, CYC-116, AS-703569 (or R-763), MLN-8054, PHA-739358, AT-9283, SNS-314, AZD-1152-HQPA, MLN-8237, KW-2449, PF-3814735, ENMD-2076 (or ENMD-981693), PHA-739385, MK-0457 (or VX-680) and MK-5108 (or VX-689). For more, see: Gautschi, Oliver, et al. "Aurora Kinases as Anticancer Drug Targets." Clin. Cancer Res. 14(6) (Mar. 15, 2008): pp. 1639-48.
Polo-like kinases ("Plks"), including polo-like kinase 1 ("Plk1"), polo-like kinase 2 ("Plk2"), polo-like kinase 3 ("Plk3") and polo-like kinase 4 ("Plk4"), are involved in the formation and changes in the mitotic spindle and in the activation of CDK/cyclin complexes during mitosis. Polo-like kinases have been targeted as inhibitors of mitosis. Polo-like kinase inhibitors include ON-01910Na (or ON-1910Na or Onc-01910), BI-2536 (See: Steegmaier, Martin, et al. "BI 2536, a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Polo-like Kinase 1, Inhibits Tumor Growth In Vivo." Current Biology, 17 (Feb. 20, 2007): pp. 316-322) and GSK-461364 (or GSK-461364A).
Kinesins are a type of motor protein. Mitotic kinesins are enzymes essential for assembly and function of the mitotic spindle. Mitotic kinesins play essential roles during all phases of mitosis. During mitosis, kinesins organize the microtubules into the bipolar structure that is the mitotic spindle Inhibition of mitotic kinesin causes malformation or dysfunction of the mitotic spindle, frequently resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (cell death).
Among the identified mitotic kinesins is kinesin spindle protein ("KSP"). During mitosis, KSP associates with microtubules of the mitotic spindle Inhibition of KSP prevents spindle pole separation during the prometaphase, giving rise to monopolar spindles causing mitotic arrest and induction of programmed cell death. Human KSP is also called HsEg5.
United States Patent Application Publication 2006/0100161 describes compounds including 2-(3-aminopropyl)-5-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-N-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-3(2H)-carboxamide (hereinafter "Compound 1"), 2-(3-aminopropyl)-5-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-3(2H)-carboxamide (hereinafter "Compound 2"), 2-(3-aminopropyl)-5-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-3(2H)-carboxamide (hereinafter "Compound 3"), (S)-2-(3-aminopropyl)-5-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-3(2H)-carboxamide (hereinafter "Compound 4"), (R)-2-(3-aminopropyl)-5-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-3(2H)-carboxamide (hereinafter "Compound 5"), and 2-(3-aminopropyl)-5-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-N-hydroxy-N-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-3(2H)-carboxamide (hereinafter "Compound 6"). Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (collectively the "'161 KSP Inhibitors") are KSP inhibitors.
KSP inhibitors include ispinesib (or SB-715992 or CK-0238273; See 2008 ASCO Poster: "A Phase I-II Open-Label Trial of Ispinesib on an Alternating Dosing Schedule in Chemotherapy-Naïve Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC)." www.cytokinetics.com/pdf/ASCO2008A.pdf), the '161 KSP Inhibitors, AZD-4877, CRx-026, SB-743921 (SB-921), MK-0731, EMD-534085 and ARQ 621. Ispinesib has been tested in a wide range of tumor types and is being tested in human clinical trials.
Among the other motor proteins that act during mitosis, small molecule inhibitors have also been described for centromere associated protein E ("CENP-E"). CENP-E is a motor protein (See Chan, G. K. T., et al. "Characterization of the Kinetochore Binding Domain of CENP-E Reveals Interactions with the Kinetochore Proteins CENP-F and hBUBR1." J. Cell Biology. Vol. 143, No. 1 (Oct. 5, 1998): pp. 49-63) and can be classified as a type of mitotic kinesin. CENP-E inhibitors include GSK-295 (or GSK-923295).
Many inhibitors of mitosis have been tested as therapeutics for the treatment of diseases. Many non-tubulin inhibitors of mitosis have been tested clinically as therapeutics. Various dosing schedules have been used in these tests of inhibitors of mitosis. There remains a need for effective dosing schedules for inhibitors of mitosis that allows potent biological activity with manageable toxicity. There remains a particular need for effective dosing schedules for inhibitors of mitosis that allows potent anti-cancer activity with manageable toxicity.

Method of treatment using inhibitors of mitosis


An etch of a fuse opening in overlying layers above a laser-blowable semiconductor fuse having a silicon nitride cap and silicon nitride spacers begins with a silicon nitride that is enclosed in a polysilicon conductive layer on a semiconductor wafer. The etch is performed by etching first with an etch process that etches silicon nitride and later with an etch process that is selective to silicon nitride. The later etch process etches the silicon nitride of the cap and spacers little or not at all, allowing a wider variation in etch depths without destroying the fuse. Also, a patch may be provided in the overlying layers above the fuse, and an etch process employed at the level of the patch that is selective to a material of the patch, resulting in an etch stop effect at that level. The etch process is then changed to an etch process that is not selective to a material of the patch, resulting in decreased variation in etch depth over the surface of the wafer. The etch of the fuse opening is then completed with an etch process that is selective to silicon nitride, again allowing a wider variation in etch depths without destroying the fuse. The etch process that is not selective to a material of the patch and the etch process that is selective to silicon nitride may optionally be one process.

1. The Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the manufacture of semiconductor devices. More particularly, the present invention is directed to improved methods for etching fuse openings in the manufacture of semiconductor devices.
2. The Relevant Technology
In order to improve yield in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, redundant circuit elements may be provided in a circuit layout. The redundant elements may be selectively connected to or disconnected from the circuit as needed to replace defective circuit elements by selectively blowing fuses in the circuit. In highly dense memory circuits, for example, spare rows and columns are formed during fabrication. If a defective bit is found during testing, a spare row or column is substituted for the defective bit by selectively blowing fuses included in the circuit for that purpose.
In state of the art memory circuit layouts, laser fuses take the form of sections of gate stacks including a polysilicon conductive layer. The stack is enclosed laterally by dielectric spacers and upwardly by a dielectric cap. A fuse is "blown" by irradiating the dielectric cap from above with laser radiation at a selected location along the gate stack. The polysilicon is heated by the laser radiation and expands, popping off the dielectric cap at the selected location, and the polysilicon is vaporized or burned off, creating a break in the conductive polysilicon layer.
Fabrication of reliable gate stack type fuses is complicated by the thickness of the overlying layers. As much as 30,000 to 40,000 Angstroms or more of overlying layers must be removed to expose the dielectric cap of the gate stack so that laser radiation may be used to blow a fuse. The overlying layers must be removed to within approximately 3000 Angstroms or less of the top of the cap in order for laser irradiation to reliably blow a selected fuse. But at etch depths as great as 30,000 or 40,000 Angstroms, variations in etch rate over the surface of a wafer, together with variations over the surface of the wafer in the layers to be etched resulting from previous process steps, can result in a difference as large as 6500 Angstroms or more between the deepest and shallowest effective depth of the etch. Etching too deep may destroy the gate stack or expose the substrate, allowing contamination and shorting. Etching not deep enough results in fuses that cannot be reliably blown.
Etching fuse openings thus typically requires painstaking control, such as a timed etch followed by an etch depth measurement for every wafer, followed by a second timed etch for a time calculated individually for each wafer. This type of control is cumbersome and time consuming. Even with control of this type, achieving an etch depth within process limits across the entire surface of a wafer is not always possible. Hence an improved method of etching fuse openings in a semiconductor device is needed.

Methods for etching fuse openings in a semiconductor device


A multi-pole switching device (1) for a busbar system includes a movable front cover (3), which is movably attached to the housing of the switching device and which locks at least one receiving unit (4) for receiving a component when the multi-pole switching device (1) is switched on.

The invention relates to a multi-pole switching device for a busbar system.
Busbar systems are widespread and make it possible to mount switching devices directly on the bars during installation. The sizing of the busbar is primarily dependent on the current load. As well as the current load, the cross-section of a busbar also depends on the mechanical stress and on the type of equipment connected. In switching systems, a plurality of busbars can be laid in parallel. The busbars are generally made of aluminium or copper and are generally non-insulated, making it simpler to mount connecting and switching elements.
Conventional multi-pole switching devices can be used to connect electric devices to the busbar system and for overload protection, for example by interposing an electrical fuse so as to protect the electric device. This component can be changed by an electrician as required.
When the power is disconnected and the fuses are changed, there must not be any risk to the operator.


A method and system comprising a Master station, a processor and one or more targets that allows a user of said system to automatically generate a 3 dimensional graphical representation of a construction site and also overlay a drawing onto the graphical representation to guide the user within a virtual space being displayed by the processor.

Realization of a design from concept to implementation is a challenge, particularly as it relates to the construction industry. In the construction industry, architects, planners, engineers and the like are charged with the task of conceptualizing ideas and reducing the concepts to tangible form such as design drawings, that can then be implemented by contractors in the field. The implementation or construction process can be an arduous task, the success of which relies heavily on the ability of a contractor to accurately replicate the dimensions and spatial relationships shown in the drawings or design documents pertaining to the particular project at hand. Errors by contractors in replicating what the design documents indicate are a common feature of construction practice and one that oftentimes results in costly corrective action. In some instances, the error is due to the lack of a real appreciation of the characteristics of a site at which construction is to take place. For example, if the design for a space to be renovated calls for a door to be placed in a specific location and that location at the construction site turns out to have a column in the exact location where the door is called for, a costly redesign of the design drawings may become necessary. Another common occurrence that leads to costly remedial measures is where inaccurate layout of a construction site leads to construction of major elements of the design in the wrong place leading to costly retrofitting when the error is ultimately discovered.
Generally, the success of any construction project relies heavily on good dimensional controls that can be relied upon so that the spatial relationships contemplated in a design can be accurately reproduced in the field. Dimensional controls are usually the province of architects, tradesman (e.g., electricians, plumbers, Drywall installers) or surveyors. Typical 'as built studies' or surveying tasks include measuring or surveying a site to determine existing conditions and the layout of benchmarks, reference points and other monuments that can be used to properly orient the contractors as they build out the design. When errors occur in the performance of these tasks, the type of errors described above result. Sometimes errors are not due to inaccurate measurements or 'as built studies', but rather to poor control of monuments such as when a monument or benchmark such as a stake is inadvertently knocked over or a pencil mark is inadvertently smeared in the field by a person or a piece of equipment. It is not entirely uncommon for a workman in a situation such as this to simply replace the pencil mark or stake in a location thought to have been its original location but which, is actually not the original location. When this occurs, any subsequent reference to this benchmark will result in errors resulting from the fact that a dimensional control is now in the wrong place but not known to be in the wrong place. Moreover, errors resulting from the use of the now inaccurate reference point can be further compounded by the fact that the errors may not be discovered for some time.
Errors in measurement or surveying, whether they are related to the study of a site or the layout of a design, can only be avoided by starting with a precise 'as built verification' and vigilant protection of benchmarks and monuments and their frequent re-verification. In practice, this task can be extremely time consuming and labor intensive typically requiring crews of personnel to revisit a site frequently and manually verify existing benchmarks and monuments or as needed, manually establish new benchmarks and monuments.

Method and system for automatically performing a study of a multidimensional space


A method of recording drive information on an optical disc and an optical disc having drive information recorded using the method. The method of recording drive information comprises including a plurality of physical clusters in a drive region where disc drive information is recorded, recording the drive information in a set of a plurality of consecutive and available physical clusters, and recording an address of a reliable physical cluster, which is the first physical cluster of the plurality of consecutive and available physical clusters, in a separate region other than the drive region.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of recording drive information on an optical disc and an optical disc on which drive information is recorded using the method.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a 4.7 GB DVD-RAM, which allows data to be recorded thereon or removed therefrom, drive information, which is used after the optical disc is inserted into a drive, e.g., information on a drive manufacturing company or a serial number, is recorded in a disc identification zone of a lead-in zone where data can be rewritten. However, since only two error correction codes (ECC) are assigned to the disc identification zone, drive information cannot be recorded in the disc identification zone if the two ECCs have defects and cannot be used.
Accordingly, an HD-DVD, which has a capacity of over 23 GB and on which data can be rerecorded, is required to have a drive zone having more than two physical clusters in the lead-in zone wherein drive information must be recorded. FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a physical structure of the lead-in zone, which has a diameter longer than a predetermined diameter from the center hole of the disc. The lead-in zone includes a read-only zone 100 in which data is pre-recorded and a rewritable zone 110 in which data can be rerecorded. The read only region 100 includes control data which is related to the disc.
The rewritable zone 110 includes a test zone, a defect management area (DMA) for removing and managing defects occurring in the disc, a control data zone, an optimum power control (OPC) test zone, and a buffer area.
Here, the rewritable zone 110 further includes a drive region where the drive information is recorded. The drive region is comprised of a plurality of physical clusters, each cluster comprising a plurality of data frames. In the drive region, information on the manufacturing company, a serial number, or the like are recorded. The above described method is typically required as the method of recording information in the drive region which is composed of a plurality of physical clusters.

Method of recording drive information on optical disc and optical disc having drive information recorded using the method


The present invention is directed to a transmission type laminated hologram optical element constituting an image display apparatus, wherein plural transmission type hologram optical elements (13), (14), (15) where diffraction acceptance incident angles are different from each other are laminated. The respective transmission type hologram optical elements are adapted so that outgoing angles with respect to center incident angles of respective diffraction acceptance incident angles at an arbitrary wavelength of the visible region are different from each other, whereby a diffraction acceptance angle of incident light can be broadened, light utilization efficiency is permitted to be high, and distance with respect to color pixels of the spatial light modulation element can be optimally set from viewpoints of light utilization efficiency.

As a projection type image display apparatus using a reflection type spatial light modulation element, e.g., reflection type TN liquid crystal panel, an image display apparatus constituted as shown in FIG. 1 is conventionally proposed. In this image display apparatus, light beams emitted from a lamp light source 107 are incident on an illumination optical system 108 having functions such as correction of light beam cross sectional shape, uniformization of intensity and divergence angle control, etc. This illumination optical system 108 includes a P-S polarization converter (not shown). This P-S polarization converter has a function to arrange light beams in non-polarization state into any one of P-polarized light and S-polarized light at efficiency of 50% or more.
In the image display apparatus shown here, light beams which have been passed through the illumination optical system 108 are placed in the polarization state where the electric vector vibrates mainly in a direction perpendicular to paper surface of FIG. 1. The polarization direction in this polarization state, which is S-polarized light, is with respect to the reflection surface of a dichroic mirror 109 of red light reflection which is incident next. Namely, in light beams which have been passed through the illumination optical system 108, the traveling direction of only the red light component is deflected by 90° by the dichroic mirror 109 of red light reflection. The light beams of red light component are reflected by a mirror 110, and are incident on a polarization beam splitter for red light (hereinafter referred to as PBS for red) 111. At a dielectric film 111a of the red PBS 111, only the S-polarized light component is reflected, and is incident on a reflection type TN liquid crystal panel 113 for red light as incident polarized light 112.
In the reflection type TN liquid crystal panel 113 for red light, incident light beams are reflected in such a manner that the polarization state is modulated in accordance with the display image. The light beams which have been reflected by the red light reflection type TN liquid crystal panel 113 are incident on the dielectric film 111a of the red PBS 111 for a second type. At this dielectric film 111a, light beams are detected so that only P-polarized light is transmitted therethrough, whereby polarization modulation is converted into luminance modulation. The outgoing light beams which have been converted into luminance modulation in this way are incident on a cross dichroic prism 114.
On the other hand, light beams which have been transmitted through the dichroic mirror 109 of red light reflection are then incident on a dichroic mirror 115 of green light reflection. Here, only the green light component is reflected, and the remaining blue light component is transmitted. In the green light and the blue light which have been separated, similarly to the previously described red light, only rays of S-polarized light are respectively reflected by a PBS 116 for green and a PBS 118 for blue, and are respectively incident on a reflection type TN liquid crystal panel 117 for green light and a reflection type TN liquid crystal panel 119 for blue light.
The light beams reflected in the state where the polarization state has been modulated by the green light reflection type TN liquid crystal panel 117 and the blue light reflection type TN liquid crystal panel 119 are incident on dielectric films 116a, 118a of the green PBS 116 and the blue PBS 118 for a second time, at which the light beams are detected so that only P-polarized light is transmitted therethrough so that polarization modulation is converted into luminance modulation. Outgoing light beams of green and blue which have been converted into the luminance modulation are respectively incident on the cross dichroic prism 114.
Red light, green light and blue light which have been incident on the cross dichroic prism 114 are synthesized at this cross dichroic prism 114, and rays of synthesized light are incident on a projection optical system 120. This projection optical system 120 forms an image of the light beams which have been incident onto a screen 121. On the screen 121, a predetermined image is displayed.
As an illumination apparatus for reflection type spatial light modulation element, there is, e.g., illumination apparatus described in the Japanese Patent Application Laid Open No.1998-48423 publication. The illumination apparatus described in this publication is directed to a hologram color filter in which two transmission type hologram optical elements are laminated so that waveform dispersion of the hologram is utilized.
As shown in FIG. 2, this hologram color filter is caused to be of the configuration in which two holograms 102, 103 having wavelength dependencies of diffraction efficiency different from each other with respect to illumination light 101 having a predetermined incident angle θ are laminated. In this hologram color filter, a bright color filter having less wavelength dependency of diffraction efficiency and such that color balance of three colors of R (Red), G(Green) and B(Blue) has been corrected can be provided.
The wavelength dependency of diffraction efficiency of two holograms 102, 103 in this hologram color filter is set so that spatial wavelength distributions by wavelength dispersion do not coincide as shown in FIG. 3. For this reason, red light which has been diffracted at the hologram 102 of the incident side illuminates red pixel 104 in the state where it is not diffracted by the hologram 103 of the outgoing side, and blue light and green light which are not diffracted at the hologram 102 of the incident side are diffracted and are optically separated by the outgoing side hologram 103, and are respectively converged onto corresponding color pixels 105, 106.
Further, as an illumination apparatus for a reflection type spatial light modulation element, an illumination apparatus using laminated hologram color filters 124r, 124g, 124b are proposed in, e.g., the Japanese Patent Application Laid Open No.1997-189809 publication as shown in FIG. 4.
In this illumination apparatus, read-out light which is radiated (emitted) from illumination light source (not shown) is incident on hologram color filters 124r, 124g, 124b via a coupling prism 126 and a glass base (substrate) 125. These hologram color filters 124r, 124g, 124b are respectively volumetric hologram lenses for red, green and blue. Interference fringes are baked in advance at these hologram color filters 124r, 124g, 124b by laser exposure. These color filters have a function in which respective micro-lenses for color light having areas corresponding to sizes of substantially one pixel (set consisting of three pixels in total of respective color pixels of R, G, B) are laminated.
These hologram color filters 124r, 124g, 124b allow a red light component, a green light component and a blue light component of the spectrum of read-out light RL to be transmitted through a cover glass 123, a common electrode 134, an orientation film 133, a liquid crystal layer 132, an orientation film 131 and a dielectric mirror film 130 of the reflection type liquid crystal panel to respectively converge them onto corresponding color pixel electrodes 129r, 129g, 129b on a pixel electrode layer 129.
This hologram lens has dependency with respect to polarization characteristic of incident light. Namely, among rays of incident light onto the hologram lens, an S-polarized light component is mainly diffracted, and diffraction efficiency of a P-polarized light component is lower than that.
By rigorous solution of the Coupled-wave theory (reference thesis: M. G. Moharam and T. K. Gayload: Rigorous Coupled-wave analysis of planar grating diffraction, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 71, 811–818 (1977), M. G. Moharam and T. K. Gayload: Rigorous Coupled-wave analysis of grating diffraction E-mode polarization and losses, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 73, 451–455 (1983)), it is indicated that, e.g., in the case where the corresponding hologram is a thick hologram of the reflection type and the value (t/Λ) determined by thickness t of hologram and pitch Λ of interference fringe within the hologram falls within the range from 1 to 5, a difference takes place between the diffraction efficiency of TE (S-polarized light) and that of the TM (P-polarized light), and diffraction efficiency of S-polarized light is greater by about 45% at the maximum as compared to diffraction efficiency of P-polarized light.
By this phenomenon, in this illumination apparatus, light of the S-polarized light component of rays of read-out light RL which have been obliquely incident on the hologram color filters 124r, 124g, 124b is mainly diffracted. Further, since light (P-polarized light component) PL reflected in the state where the polarization direction has been modulated by 90° of rays of illumination light which have been caused to be incident substantially perpendicular to the liquid crystal panel 122 has low diffraction effect, most rays of light are emitted vertically from the hologram color filters 124r, 124g, 124b without undergoing diffracting action by the hologram color filters 124r, 124g, 124b.
As a typical example of the incident polarization characteristic of diffraction efficiency of the transmission type volumetric hologram, in the case where the refractive index modulation degree is 0.04, the thickness is 3 μm, the incident angle within hologram medium is 60°, the outgoing angle is 0°, and the manufacturing wavelength and reproduction wavelength are both 532 nm, diffraction efficiency of S-polarized light SP is 70%, whereas diffraction efficiency of P-polarized light PP is 25% as shown in FIG. 5. As a result, dependency of diffraction efficiency by incident polarized light appears.
As shown in FIG. 6, in order to increase superficial aperture percentage of the transmission type liquid crystal image display element to improve transmission percentage, a transmission type liquid crystal image display element using a micro lens array 137 of the refraction type is proposed.
In this transmission type liquid crystal image display element, an illumination light which has been incident on an incident side polarization plate 135 and has been changed into linear polarized light by the incident side polarization plate 135 is incident from an incident side glass base (substrate) 136, and is transmitted through a liquid crystal layer 138 and is converged onto pixel opening portions 139 of TFT by the micro lens array 137. The polarization state of this incident light is modulated at the pixel opening portions 139. The incident light thus modulated is emitted from an outgoing side glass base (substrate) 140. This illumination light is then transmitted through an outgoing side polarization plate 141, and modulation of the polarization state is converted into luminance modulation at this outgoing side polarization plate 141.
In the transmission type hologram as described above, since diffraction acceptance angle of incident light is narrow, and the diffraction acceptance angle and the outgoing angle are not sufficiently separated, light utilization efficiency is low.
In the image display device using the above-described transmission type hologram as a color filter, since color separation is conducted by making use of wavelength dispersion of the hologram, there is no degree of freedom at the separation angle setting of respective rays of color light. As a result, it is impossible to optimally set the distance between the color filter and color pixels of spatial light modulation element from viewpoints of manufacturing difficulty and/or light utilization efficiency.
In the image display apparatus using such an image display device, in the case where it is the premise that spatial light modulation element of the same pixel pitch is employed, separation angles of respective rays of color light cannot be large. Accordingly, it is impossible to set the distance between the color filter and color pixels of the spatial light modulation element to a short distance, e.g., 50 μm or less. Namely, in this image display apparatus, it is impossible to realize improvement in light utilization efficiency by a broad angle of view and/or a broad-band of illumination light with respect to the color filter. As a result, a bright image cannot be obtained.

Transmission type laminated hologram optical element and image display device comprising this optical element


A method is performed to immobilize and radio-isolate a robotic device. The method includes steps of storing ingredients that when mixed together create a foam that hardens to 50 percent to 75 percent of ultimate physical characteristics in less than 90 seconds after being sprayed; containing metal particulates for mixing prior to spraying; piping the ingredients and metal particulates to a nozzle so that they mix together to form a metal-foam mixture when sprayed from the nozzle; and spraying the metal-foam mixture on the robotic device. An optional spray component is liquid glue that is piped to mix with the foam ingredients and metal particulates prior to spraying.

Fast-setting, expandable, organic spray foams are used in the pipeline industry to support buried pipelines while filling the void between the pipeline and the trench wall. These foams are employed partly because they offer rapid expansion, corresponding rapid stiffening to conform to the pipe, provide vertical support and resist lateral movement of the pipeline.
Ever since the days of the industrial revolution, mankind has sought to develop new techniques that would enable machines to do more and more of the work. In today's industrial economy you have entire manufacturing factories where robotic machines perform a large percentage of the operations.
The modern day military and law enforcement of the world want in on this trend and they are spending billions of dollars on developing robotic systems. There are all types of flying, crawling, driving, slithering, rolling, walking or running like a man or animal robotic systems.
Available robots are designed to do some aspects of a job that are better or safer than a soldier or police officer could do. Some are bullet proof, explosion proof, fire proof, can kill, and can remotely return valuable intelligence. Some robots have autonomous capabilities, but most of these robotic systems are controlled by a human being: a controller that is in a safe, remote location. That location might be behind local cover or it might be in a control room half way around the world. Future warfare and police actions are often the subject of speculation in a Hollywood movie as robots are tasked to fight and kill both humans and other robots.

Robot immobilizer and signal interference foam

RISI Associates, Trustee for Robot Immobilizer and Signal Interference Foam CRT Trust


A method of preparing a surgical plan comprises video capturing a range of motion of an anatomic joint of a patient to obtain a range of motion video, registering the range of motion video to two-dimensional images of a skeleton of the patient, identifying potential impingement and stability issues in the anatomic joint based on the range of motion video, templating a prosthetic implant on two-dimensional images of the anatomic joint using the identified potential impingement and stability issues of the anatomic joint to obtain position and orientation data, and electronically saving the position and orientation data of the prosthetic implant for use with a surgical navigation system. A system for planning and performing a surgical procedure comprises a motion capture system, an x-ray system, an electronic modeling system, and a surgical navigation system.

Surgical navigation systems, also known as computer assisted surgery and image guided surgery, aid surgeons in locating patient anatomical structures, guiding surgical instruments, and implanting medical devices with a high degree of accuracy. A surgical navigation system typically includes a computer, a tracking system and patient anatomical information. The patient anatomical information can be obtained by using an imaging mode such as fluoroscopy, computer tomography (CT) or by simply defining the location of patient anatomy with the surgical navigation system. Surgical navigation systems can be used for a wide variety of surgeries to improve patient outcomes.
To successfully implant a medical device, surgical navigation systems often employ various forms of computing technology, as well as utilize intelligent instruments, digital touch devices, and advanced 3-D visualization software programs. All of these components enable surgeons to perform a wide variety of standard and minimally invasive surgical procedures and techniques. Moreover, these systems allow surgeons to more accurately plan, track and navigate the placement of instruments and implants relative to a patient's body, as well as conduct pre-operative and intra-operative body imaging.
To accomplish the accurate planning, tracking and navigation of surgical instruments, tools and/or medical devices during a surgical procedure utilizing surgical navigation, surgeons often use "tracking arrays" that are coupled to the surgical components. These tracking arrays allow the surgeons to track the physical location of these surgical components, as well as the patient's anatomy during the surgery. By knowing the physical location of the tracking array, software associated with the tracking system can accurately calculate the position of the tracked component relative to a surgical plan image.
Surgical navigation systems, however, can be limited by the information they are provided with during the pre-operative planning stage. For example, a surgical navigation system can only guide a prosthetic implant into proper alignment as accurately as the surgical plan was pre-operatively outlined. Thus, if the surgical plan determined an implant orientation that was less than optimal for a particular patient, guided navigation of that implant will not overcome that deficiency.
Examples of surgical navigation systems are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,840,256 to Lakin et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,571,637 to Sheffer et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,876,830 to Hodorek et al., U.S. Pub. No. 2005/0281465 to Marquart et al., and LS. Pub. No. 2002/0082498 to Wendt et al.

Method and system for planning and performing arthroplasty procedures using motion-capture data


The application server includes means for commanding a voice resource server to set up a dialogue with a user for the user to agree or refuse to supply personal data, for example location data, to a service provider.

The present invention concerns the use of personal data about a subscriber to a telephony operator by a third party voice service provider. More particularly the present invention relates to a method and to a device operative before such use to inform the subscriber of that use and to guarantee the subscriber's agreement to that use.
Prior to collecting personal data about a subscriber or transmitting that data to a third party for providing a service, the operation of informing the user and obtaining the user's explicit agreement thereto is known to the person skilled in the art as "opting in".
In contrast, in "opting out" the user's agreement is implicit by default.
The invention applies in particular, and in non-limiting manner, to proximity services (based on location), for which a third party service provider requires subscriber location information.
Clearly a user's location is sensitive personal data that the user may not necessarily wish to communicate to a third party without explicitly agreeing to do so.
In the context of the invention, the explicit agreement or refusal of the user to communicate personal data to a service provider is obtained via a voice platform in Voice Service Provider (VSP) mode accessed via a telephone terminal by entering the access number of the service.
The platform is referred to below as the "voice resource server".
A VSP offer is one whereby an operator supplies a service provider with an access network and a voice platform, the development and the hosting of voice applications specific to that service being a matter for the service provider.
In one aspect, the invention avoids re-routing voice calls between the equipments of the telephony operator and those used by the service provider; and
In another aspect, the invention ensures that the user is solicited only for calls to a service provider for which personal data is actually required.

Method of managing personal data about users of voice services and an application server for executing the method


A hybrid cable modem includes wideband circuitry configured to receive data over multiple different downstream channels at the same time. The wideband circuitry demodulates signals on the different downstream channels and then formats the demodulated signals back into packets or frames for sending out over an Internet Protocol (IP) home network. Narrowband cable modem circuitry is coupled to the wideband circuitry and selectively extracts Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS) data from one of the multiple downstream channels being processed by the wideband circuitry.

FIG. 1 shows how data over cable service interface specifications (DOCSIS) traffic is currently transferred over a cable network 8. A server or other type of Internet Protocol (IP) network processing device 10, such as a personal computer (PC), is connected to a wide area network (WAN) 12. The device 10 communicates over cable network 8 with a device 22 or device 26. In one example, the device 22 is an Internet Protocol (IP) set top box (STB) and the device 26 is a PC. Of course the devices 10, 22 and 26 can be any type computing device configured for exchanging data over a network.
A communication link is established between a cable modem termination system (CMTS) 14 on the cable provider end of a hybrid fiber cable (HFC) plant 19 and a cable modem (CM) 20 on the customer premises end of the HFC 19. The CMTS 14 operates at a cable system headend and receives and sends IP traffic over the WAN 12 in one example using an Ethernet connection. Other types of network interfaces may also be used such as Dynamic Packet Transport/Resilient Packet Ring (DPT/RPR) or Packet-over-SONET/SDH (POS). Data is transferred from the CMTS 14 to the CM 20 over a downstream channel 16 and data is transferred from the CM 20 to the CMTS 14 over an upstream channel 18.
The cable network 8 is referred to as "narrowband" because a single radio frequency (RF) downstream channel 16 and a single RF upstream channel 18 are used over the HFC plant 19 for transferring data. The single downstream channel 16 supplies downstream IP connectivity to multiple cable modems 20 connected to the same cable plant 19. Each cable modem 20 demodulates and formats the downstream traffic for transport over IP network 21. Upstream IP traffic sent by the IP device 22 or 26 is modulated by the associated CM 20 onto the upstream channel 18 on the HFC plant 19. The CMTS 14 demodulates the signals on the upstream channel 18 and then sends the demodulated IP data to a device on WAN 12, such as device 10.
FIG. 2 shows the internal elements in one of the narrowband cable modems 20. A diplexor 30 connects to the two-way HFC plant 19. The diplexer 30 separates the frequency spectrum for downstream channel 16 from the frequency spectrum for upstream channel 18. A radio frequency (RF) tuner 32 selectively outputs different baseband frequencies 36 to a DOCSIS narrowband cable modem integrated circuit (IC) 37. The baseband frequencies 36 are converted into digital signals by an analog/digital (A/D) converter 38 and then fed into a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) demodulator 40.
Both a DOCSIS media access controller (MAC) 46 and a central processing unit (CPU) 48 process the data output from the QAM 40. The MAC 46 is an open system interconnection (OSI) layer-2 element that provides DOCSIS framing and signaling. The MAC 46 frames the data into IP packets or frames that are then sent to the appropriate device 22 or 26 over Ethernet interface 52. Other data may be received or sent by the cable modem 20 over a universal serial bus (USB) connection 41 via USB interface 42.
Data received over Ethernet interface 52 is formatted for transport over the upstream channel 18 of the HFC 19 by the MAC 46 and then otherwise processed by the CPU 48. The formatted data is modulated by a QAM modulator 51 and then converted into analog signals by a digital/analog (D/A) converter 50. The output of D/A converter 50 is then amplified by an amplifier 56 before being transmitted by the diplexor 30 over the upstream channel 18 of the HFC 19. For clarity, the physical connections between the different functional elements 38-52 have not been shown.
The bandwidth provided by a single downstream channel 16 and a single upstream channel 18 on the HFC 19 may not be sufficient for the bursty traffic that can be transmitted and received by a large numbers of cable modems 20. Therefore, current cable systems may not be capable of supporting applications that have a high average bandwidth such as constant bit rate (CBR) or variable bit rate (VBR) video.
Wideband cable systems have been developed that increase bandwidth in cable networks. Wideband packets are associated with logical wideband channels that extend over multiple RF cable channels. The multiple wideband channels contain a number of wideband transport sub-channels which can be dynamically adjusted for varying bandwidth requirements.
The narrowband cable modem architecture shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 does not support wideband cable systems. However, it would be desirable to leverage this conventional narrowband DOCSIS cable modem circuitry in new wideband DOCSIS systems. The present invention addresses this and other problems associated with the prior art.

Wideband cable modem with narrowband circuitry


A sheet delivery mechanism includes a pair of delivery rollers which deliver a sheet along a sheet delivery passage of a sheet treatment apparatus for predeterminately treating the sheet, a sheet halting member for halting the sheet, and a pinching force adjusting member. The pinching force adjusting member adjusts the delivery rollers to place them into a first state where the sheet pinching force of the delivery rollers is relatively small so that the delivery rollers can slip on the halted sheet and into a second state where the sheet pinching force is relatively great so that the sheet can be delivered in the case where a sheet halt is released for delivery.

The present invention relates to a sheet delivery mechanism, and more particularly to a sheet delivery mechanism suitable for an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine, a facsimile or a page printer, and a sheet treatment apparatus such as an automated hole punch for treating a sheet.
The sheet delivery mechanism of this type is always provided in a sheet treatment apparatus and delivers a sheet correspondingly to sheet treatment operation.
For example, an electrophotographic image forming apparatus has a structure in which a document image is exposed onto a photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image, the electrostatic latent image is developed into a toner image, and the toner image is transferred onto a sheet so as to obtain copy. Such an electrophotographic image forming apparatus comprises a pair of delivery rollers for delivering a sheet to a photoreceptor, and a resist device for delivering the sheet at a timing corresponding to an image position on the photoreceptor after delivery is started by the delivery rollers. The resist device has the very important function of delivering the sheet at a predetermined timing so as to move the sheet into the transferring position of the document image on the photoreceptor.
Referring to a timing control method of the sheet delivery mechanism described above, the phase of a rotator which rotates synchronously with the photoreceptor is detected by a microswitch, and a solenoid of a clutch of each sheet delivery means is operated according to a signal generated by the microswitch.
According to the above-mentioned method, however, there is variation in response time until a signal is generated by the microswitch and the solenoid is actually operated. Consequently, it cannot be expected that sheet delivery operation is carried out at an accurate timing. In case of a thin sheet, wrinkles may occur due to the pressure welding force of the delivery rollers. In case of a thick sheet, delivery may not be carried out in relation to an angle of insertion of nip members of the delivery rollers.
To cope with the above-mentioned drawbacks, there has been proposed the prior art shown in FIG. 26 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 7462/1990).
According to the prior art, a stopper 1032 is provided on the downstream side of sheet delivery rollers 1007a and 1007b. The stopper 1032 halts a sheet in a first sheet delivery state (shown by a solid line in FIG. 26) and releases a sheet halt in a second sheet delivery state (shown by a two-dotted line 1032a in FIG. 26).
A link mechanism R is provided between a document table 1001 and the stopper 1032 in order to transfer the stopper 1032 from the first sheet delivery state to the second sheet delivery state.
The link mechanism R includes a pair of cams 1019b and 1019c, a projection for drive 1020, a first arm 1022, a first pivot 1023, a second arm 1028, a second pivot 1029, a pair of forks 1031a and 1031b, and a tension spring 1033. The cams 1019b and 1019c are provided in a bottom trench 1019a on the document table 1001. The projection 1020 is driven by the cams 1019b and 1019c. The first arm 1022 interlocks with the projection 1020. The first pivot 1023 pivots the first arm 1022. The second arm 1028 interlocks with the first arm 1022 when the first arm 1022 is driven around the first pivot 1023. The second pivot 1029 pivots the second arm 1028. The forks 1031a and 1031b are integrally formed with the second arm 1028 and causes the stopper 1032 to fluctuate when the second arm 1028 is driven around the second pivot 1029. The tension spring 1033 urges the projection 1020 upward through the first arm 1022.
In FIG. 26, when a main switch is turned on, the document table 1001 moves to a document exposure position. When a copy button is pressed, the document table 1001 starts to move from a home position to expose a document.
In the first sheet delivery state, a sheet is delivered by the delivery rollers 1007a and 1007b, and the tip of the sheet comes in contact with the stopper 1032 and is aligned in parallel with an axis of a photoreceptor drum 1003. In this state, upper and lower rollers 1007a and 1007b slip on the sheet.
When the cams 1019b and 1019c press down the projection 1020 at a predetermined timing, the first and second arms 1022 and 1028 rotate around the corresponding pivots 1023 and 1029 according to the operation of the projection 1020. As a result, an apparatus shown in FIG. 26 is transferred from the first sheet delivery state to the second sheet delivery state. Thereby, the forks 1031a and 1031b of the second arm 1028 fall to lower the stopper 1032. Consequently, a delivery passage 1036 is opened. When the delivery passage 1036 is opened, the sheet is delivered to the photoreceptor drum 1003 by the sheet delivery rollers 1007a and 1007b again. When the rear end of the sheet passes through the stopper 1032 and the projection 1020 then moves from the cams 1019b and 1019c to the bottom trench 1019a by the urging force of the tension spring 1033, the stopper 1032 is also driven upward through the link mechanism R. Consequently, the delivery passage 1036 is closed again, so that the apparatus returns to the first sheet delivery state.
Referring to the sheet delivery mechanism according to the prior art, it is required that the delivery rollers 1007a and 1007b slip on the sheet in order to stop sheet delivery when the sheet comes in contact with the stopper 1032 in the first delivery state. Consequently, the pressure welding force between the delivery rollers 1007a and 1007b cannot be made great. For this reason, the sheet is unstably gripped by the delivery rollers 1007a and 1007b so that poor delivery may easily occur, for example, the sheet is obliquely supplied to the photoreceptor drum 1003. Thus, it is required that a pair of auxiliary delivery rollers having greater pressure welding force are further provided between the stopper 1032 and the photoreceptor drum 1003. As a result, production costs are increased.
As disclosed in the above-mentioned prior art, the start position of the sheet is controlled by the stopper 1032. Consequently, when there is variation in sheet delivery state precision of the stopper 1032 and delivery rollers 1007a and 1007b, and that of the stopper 1032 and photoreceptor drum 1003, the start position of the sheet for the photoreceptor drum 1003 varies. For this reason, it is impossible to deliver the sheet at a timing corresponding to an image position on the photoreceptor drum 1003. As a result, an image tip position on the sheet is shifted so that an image is made poor.
In the case where the apparatus is stopped due to clogging or the like, the delivery rollers 1007a and 1007b cannot synchronize with the photoreceptor drum 1003 when the apparatus is reactivated without returning the document table 1001 to the home position and the sheet is inserted. Consequently, a timing deviates so that copy failure may be caused.
In consideration of the above-mentioned problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a sheet delivery mechanism having a simple structure which can be adopted in a sheet treatment apparatus, capable of causing a sheet to smoothly stand by when the sheet to be delivered is halted, and of surely delivering the sheet when a sheet halt is released for delivery.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a sheet delivery mechanism capable of preventing a sheet from being delivered so as not to mistreat the sheet even if the sheet is inserted when a sheet treatment apparatus is reactivated in a state where its working member does not return to an idling condition.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a sheet delivery mechanism which does not need a pair of auxiliary delivery rollers between a stopper and a photoreceptor and can reduce production costs in the case where the sheet treatment apparatus is an image forming apparatus.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a sheet delivery mechanism capable of holding a sheet with high precision by preventing the sheet delivery state relationship between a sheet halting member and a photoreceptor from varying and of delivering the sheet to the photoreceptor at a predetermined timing so that an image tip position on the sheet can be prevented from being shifted in the case where the sheet treatment apparatus is an image forming apparatus.


A workers' compensation medical reporting system including software accessed at a provider computer, the software adapted to prompt the provider to input the data concerning a workers' compensation claim, the software adapted to send an electronic workers' compensation claim, the software adapted to send an electronic workers' compensation treatment report electronically across the Internet to a payer computer; and electronic report filtering software accessed at the payer computer, the electronic report filtering software adapted to direct the electronic report as a result of predetermined criteria, electronic workers' compensation medical treatment reports that meet a human review criteria are automatically set to a case manager for review, other electronic workers' compensation medical treatment reports are automatically directed to be processed.

The present invention relates to Workers' Compensation information processing systems.
Workers' compensation is a class of insurance mandated by States and the federal government whereby employers provide employees with medical and disability benefits for injuries or illness incurred in the course and scope of their employment. Unlike other classes of insurance, workers' compensation insurance does not require written documentation that identifies individual covered employees.
Workers' compensation insurance obtained from an insurer, or which is financed by the employer (self-insurance), is based upon underwriting criteria that includes payroll, number of employees, job classifications, aggregated loss experience(non-personal) and actuarial modifiers. Insurers and self-insurers—payers—typically do not maintain lists of covered employees.
For this reason, when an employee incurs an injury or illness and seeks treatment, matching the claim to the payer responsible for payment is difficult. Typically neither the injured employee nor the medical provider knows or has access to the Workers' compensation claim identifier the payer requires to make a payment for medical services rendered. Identity of the payer typically also is not known. This leads to delays in claim administration, poor coordination of treatment between the payer and the provider (often to the detriment of the injured employee) and untimely payment for medical services rendered.
When the work-related injury or illness occurs, the employer must report the occurrence to the payer (insurer, self-insurer, or third-party administrator), who then creates a claim file with a specific claim number. All subsequent communications and transactions depend on, are routed and administered according to this claim number. The claim number is essential to efficient operation of a workers' compensation system. The claim number is the payer's key identifier for file management, work flow routing, document matching, date capture and payment transactions. In order to receive prompt payment, a medical provider must provide the claim number when submitting bills and reports. It is often the case that the provider has no knowledge of or access to the claim number.
Providers such as physicians and pharmacists will often send bills without the claim number because a claim number has not been assigned, or because of the administrative difficulties of obtaining the claim number. Bills without the claim numbers produce a substantial burden of unmatched mail for the payer.
One Workers' Compensation industry survey has indicated that as many as fifty percent of provider bills, reports and attachments are received by the payer without claim numbers. Fifty percent of this number, or twenty-five percent of the total, typically do not match any injury within the payer's claim system. Bills lacking claim numbers cause a great deal of difficulty for the payer's bill verification systems, rendering them slow, duplicative, prone to error, and costly to administer.
In the current typical Workers' Compensation payment system, the process of producing claim numbers is often protracted. For example, the employer may not report the Workers' Compensation claim for a relatively long period of time and thus no claim number is set up, even though the injured worker has sought and received medical treatment. Thus, when the injured party goes to the provider, the provider is unable to find a claim number and has no choice but to produce a bill without the required claim number. This bill can take some time working its way through the payer's system. Later the employer is prompted by the payer to report the claim.
In addition, when the payer's recognition of medical treatment of an injured worker is delayed because a claim number has not been matched to the medical bill or report, the report of injury by the employer, prompted by the payer, is typically delayed. Slow reporting by the employer delays medical management by the payer and increases the cost of the claim. For example, in one study by a major Workers' Compensation insurer, the costs of a claim decreased three percent for each day that reporting was shortened between 21 to 7 days. Another large Workers' Compensation insurer found that claims reported within 10 days were 47% less costly than those reported in 31 days.
It is desired to produce an improved Workers' Compensation information processing system.

Workers' compensation information processing system


A method and an apparatus for controlling an infrared lamp and a four-lens adjustable camera are provided. Aspects of the disclosure include determining, for each of a plurality of lenses of a four-lens adjustable camera, a brightness change rate between a picture captured by the lens when a first infrared lamp group is not turned on and a picture captured by the lens when the first infrared lamp group is turned on. Embodiments of the invention further include determining a lens with a largest brightness change rate among the plurality of lenses as a lens bound to the first infrared lamp group. Aspects of the present application improve the light compensation effect of the first infrared lamp group on the premise that the first infrared lamp group is fixed.

In practical work, for scenes with darker lights such as cloudy days, nights or places with insufficient light, a multi-lens camera with multiple lenses may monitor these scenes by infrared light lenses. In order to obtain a clearer image, the infrared lamp light compensation may be performed on the infrared light lenses.
In the prior art, to perform the infrared lamp light compensation on the infrared lenses in the multi-lens camera, an infrared lamp group may be pre-disposed for each infrared lens. When the infrared lamp light compensation needs to be performed on one lens, the pre-disposed infrared lamp group corresponding to the lens are turned on and then emit infrared light, so as to enable a light intensity enhancement in a scene where the infrared light can be reach, and thus obtain a clearer image.
In a multi-lens adjustable camera in which positions of a plurality of infrared lenses is manually adjustable, the positions of the plurality of infrared lenses may be adjusted according to actual requirements, and the scenes monitored by the infrared lenses may be changed according to the adjustment. However, the infrared lamp group can't move with the infrared lenses due to optics and heat dissipation. Therefore, after the adjustment, an overlapped area between the scenes that monitored by the infrared lenses and the scenes that can be illuminated by the pre-disposed infrared lamp group is relatively small, which leads to a poor light compensation on the infrared lenses by the pre-disposed infrared lamp group.

Method and apparatus for controlling infrared lamp, and four-lens adjustable camera

Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd.


The invention discloses a locator unit contained within footwear providing a method for GPS position determination and transmission of said location determination data to a central monitoring station which disseminates the data through the use of proprietary software, wireless communications, land based wire systems and the Internet.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to footwear and, more specifically, to a locator unit contained within footwear providing a method for GPS position determination and transmission of said location determination data to a central monitoring station which disseminates the data through the use of proprietary software and the Internet.
The footwear in the preferred embodiment contains the electronic circuitry in the mid sole of the shoe having GPS location determination unit and transponder whereby a remote location can determine the position of the wearer of said footwear having said device.
Furthermore, the present invention provides for additional elements by having the GPS unit and transponder contained within a socket positioned within the heel of the shoe.
The location component can be selectively inserted and or removed from the midsole or heel.
The socket in the midsole is comprised of a throughbore having spaced apart sidewalls and a top wall having retaining means positioned on each sidewall.
The heel socket is comprised of spaced apart sidewalls, top wall, a back wall and frontal aperture with the location of the socket preferably in the instep or heel of the shoe.
The insertable removable component has means for engaging the sidewalls of the receptacle and closure means for securing the component within said receptacle. Furthermore, the component can form a compartment for the inclusion of a GPS receiver and transponder for locating the wearer of said shoes.
The present invention provides for another additional element wherein the position determination component is contained within the tongue of the footwear.
In addition, to the electronic circuitry being embedded in the tongue of the shoe the antenna can be contained within a logo prominently placed on the tongue of the shoe which will increase the effectiveness of the device.
While the preferred embodiment of the present invention provides for an unobtrusive concealed locator device contained within the body of the shoe, it additionally provides for the attachment of a positioning determining device and transponder for transmitting the location data on demand in a module that can be releasably attached to the exterior of the shoe by means of the shoelaces or hook and loop material to the back of the footwear.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There are other receptacles designed for footwear. Typical of these is U.S. Pat. No. 1,597,823 issued to Randolph on Aug. 31, 1926.
Another patent was issued to Agrillo on Aug. 28, 1956 as U.S. Pat. No. 2,760,278. Yet another U.S. Pat. No. 2,897,609 was issued to Bodkin on Aug. 4, 1959 and still yet another was issued on Oct. 27, 1987 to Dassler as U.S. Pat. No. 4,703,445.
Another patent was issued to Ormanns et al. on Sep. 26, 1989 as U.S. Pat. No. 4,870,700. Yet another U.S. Pat. No. 5,473,518 was issued to Haber et al. on Dec. 5, 1995. Another was issued to Goldston et al. on Feb. 15, 1994 as U.S. Pat. No. 5,285,586 and still yet another was issued on Sep. 17, 1996 to Musa as U.S. Pat. No. 5,557,259.
Another patent was issued to McCarthy on Nov. 12, 1996 as U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,432. Yet another U.S. Pat. No. 5,655,316 was issued to Huang on Aug. 12, 1997. Another was issued to Ingargiola et al. on May 5, 1998 as U.S. Pat. No. 5,748,087 and still yet another was issued on Oct. 26, 1999 to Inman as U.S. Pat. No. 5,970,631.
Another patent was issued to Robinson on Jan. 11, 2000 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,012,822. Yet another U.S. Pat. No. 6,014,080 was issued to Layson, Jr. on Jan. 11, 2000. Another was issued to James on Jun. 19, 2001 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,247,251.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


An improved device and method for the application of adhesive-backed foil to the edges of stained glass and other materials is provided, the device comprising a groove comprising three or five segments—a base segment against which the glass edge is pressed onto the adhesive face of the foil; and second and third segments comprising sides extending upward from the base at an obtuse angle. Alternatively, the groove may comprise fourth and fifth segments comprising parallel sides extending vertically from the second and third segments and these being perpendicular to the base. The edge of the glass to be foiled is centered on the adhesive side of the foiling tape and pressed to the base. The angled sides initiate folding of the foil towards the side faces of the glass such that no tearing or distortion of the foil results.

In the production of stained-glass ornamental articles it is common practice to cut pieces of the pattern to be assembled from variously colored glass sheets or panes and to assemble the pieces in a predetermined orientation and pattern. Along the edges of each piece, the adhesive-backed copper foil is applied so that the foil overlaps the faces of the article. It is then common practice to burnish, or smooth down, the copper foil with a fid, roller device, hand pressure or other means. This burnishing is done to ensure good adhesion of the foil tape to the piece's faces and edges, to smooth irregularities such as bunching of the foil at corners and on the faces of convex curves, and therefore, to provide a smooth surface on the faces of the glass pieces for subsequent soldering.
As anyone who has ever applied such copper foil to the edges of glass can testify, it is particularly difficult to apply the foil uniformly such that the amount overhanging the edges, and thus forming the faces, is uniform. For example, a common width of foil used to edge the typical ⅛″ stained glass is 7/32″. If perfectly applied to the edge of the glass, this will provide only a 3/64″ overhang of the foil on each side of the edge for forming on the face of the piece.

Applicator and method for applying wrapping to edges of materials


An adjustable organizer system has a horizontal top rail with an upward facing top side. At least one vertical upright support has one or more contact surfaces carried on an upper end of the upright support. Each of the contact surfaces has at least a downward facing portion engaged with the top side of the top rail. The upright support is suspended from the top rail such that the one or more contact surfaces can move along the top rail while remaining in contact with the top side to selectively position the at least one vertical upright support laterally along the top rail.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure is generally directed to storage and organizer systems, and more particularly to an adjustable organizer system, a laterally adjustable vertical upright for an organizer system, and a method of adjusting the position of vertical uprights in an organizer system.
2. Description of Related Art
Adjustable shelving systems and other storage and organizer systems are known. A typical organizer system includes a plurality of vertical upright supports or standards secured laterally spaced apart to a surface such as a wall. Brackets are attachable to the standards, which are laterally spaced apart on the surface. The brackets can be placed in each of the standards at about the same height to support a storage shelf. Such organizers systems can include other components that are mountable to the vertical uprights or standards.
Typically, once installed, the shelving hardware such as the vertical upright supports or standards are fixed in position and are not easily moved, if at all movable. One recent development is a horizontal top rail for an organizer system. The vertical standards can snap onto the rail. The uprights have an upper end that can be positioned along the top rail as desired and them snapped or secured in place. If one desires to move the standards laterally, they can be unsnapped from the rail, repositioned, and snapped back onto the rail.

Organizer system and vertical upright with rollers


A chair includes: a leg body; a backrest supporting body supported by the leg body; a backrest rear supporting member supported by the backrest supporting body; and a backrest that is supported by the backrest rear supporting member and supports the back of a user. The backrest has: a flexible upholstering material configured to receive the back of the user and is displaceable depending on the back; and a pair of vertical frame sections that are mounted on the upholstering material, have lower ends connected to the back rest rear section support section, and are separated in a width direction in which twisting deformation is allowed depending on a force applied from the upholstering material.

A chair is basically made up of a leg body, a seat section that is provided at an upper portion of the leg body, and a back section that supports a user who sits on the seat section. Chairs with various constitutions are generally known.
For example, as a support structure of the back section of the chair, one having a back member and arms that extend upward from a leg body and support portions separated on a back surface of the back member in a width direction from behind is proposed (see Patent Document 1 below).
A chair having a backrest and carrier members supporting respective upper and lower ends in approximately the middle of the backrest in a width direction is also proposed (see Patent Document 2 below).
In the chair, the backrest supported by the carrier members can reliably support the back of a user.
As the back section of the chair, one equipped with a back frame that is supported by a backrest support rod extending from a leg body backward and upward, has an upper frame and a lower frame and is formed in an approximately pentagonal shape when viewed from the front, and an elastically deformable net member that is arranged in the back frame is proposed (see Patent Document 3 below).
In addition, one equipped with a backrest having a back frame including an upper frame section, a lower frame section, a left frame section, and a right frame section and a back plate that is provided on the inside of the back frame, and a back strut supporting the left and right frame sections of the backrest from behind is also proposed (see Patent Document 4 below).