A focus state detection device comprising: a first optical conversional system for forming an optical flux in one of two symmetric regions with respect to an optical axis of an optical flux from a subject to be photographed; a second optical conversional system for forming an optical flux in the other of the two symmetric regions; and a third optical conversional system for forming an optical flux in a region including the optical axis. The device further comprises a first and a second photoelectric converters for generating electric signals in response to optical intensity distribution data of the fluxes formed by the first and second systems, respedtively; a third photoelectric converter for generating an electric signal in response to optical intensity distribution data of the flux formed by the third system; and a calculation unit for detecting a focus state of the subject on the basis of correlation between three electric signals output from the first, second and third converter means.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a focus state detection device, more particularly, it relates to a device which is arranged to detect the focussing state of the optical beam of the subject to be photographed through the finder system which is arranged independent from the photographing lens system.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are two ways to detect the focus state of the subject image formed on the film surface. One is the TTL detection method in which a part of the beam flux is guided to a detector such as a CCD after passing through the lens, which method is often used in a single lens reflex camera. The second way is to guide the optical flux which passed a distance measurement system disposed near the finder arranged independent from the photographing lens system, which way is often used in a lens shutter camera.
The focus state detection methods adopt a phase difference detection process as described below.
First, in the distance measuring system, the optical flux from the subject is divided into two portions which are symmetric with each other with respect to the optical axis of the measurement system in the distance measuring device so that two images are formed again for respective portions of the flux. The focus state is detected from the relative position between the two images so that the defocus amount information can be obtained when the image of the subject is dislocated from the focus point and formed before or behind the focus point.
A photoelectric element such as a CCD is used for detecting the relative position of the two images in the above-mentioned focus state detection device. With the use of such a photoelectric element, it becomes possible to detect not only whether the lens is in focus or not but also measure the defocus amount at a high speed by processing the output from the element completely electrically so as to perform calculations on the basis of the output.
With regard to the focus state detection device, Japanese Patent Application Laying Open (KOKAI) No. 62-192732 discloses an electric circuit for obtaining the drive amount of the lens so as to arrange it in focus.
Also, Japanese Patent Application Laying Open (KOKAI) No. 62-125311 discloses a technique for avoiding defocus of the lens when the subject is moving at a high speed.
Further, Japanese Patent Application Laying Open (KOKAI) No. 60-33522 discloses a technique for avoiding the focus error when the luminance of the subject is suddenly changed.
However, in accordance with the focus state detection device according to the prior art, the defocus amount data has to be measured for several times in order to raise the distance measurement accuracy and anticipate the motion of the subject. In this case, every time the distance is measured, the two symmetric areas of the flux are detected by the CCD so as to obtain the phase difference between the two images in respective areas and the driving amount of the photographing lens for focosing the lens is calculated from the data of the phase difference output from the CCD. This results in an increase of time for measuring the distance and detection of the focus state. That is, the total detection time is increased to the time of detection for one detection motion multiplied by the number of the detection times.
Also, in accordance with the detection device mentioned above, the optical finder system and the distance measuring optical system are separately arranged in such a way that the three positions, i.e., the photographing plane in the optical photographing system, the viewing plane in the finder system and the distance measurement portion in the distance measuring optical system are arranged at the same position so as to avoid the parallax that is the dislocation of the photographing plane in the lens system with respect to the viewing plane in the finder according to the distance of the subject to be photographed. To avoid the parallax, the device is so arranged that a distance frame is disposed in the finder system or that the view field frame is shifted according to the distance of the subject.
However, since such an arrangement for avoiding the parallax is not applied between the finder system and the distance measuring system, it is difficult to precisely determine the portion where the distance is measured in the view field. Therefore, this results in that the photograph does not fully meet the intention of the user.
For example, the distance measuring area is usually located at the center portion of the view field plane. The viewing portion of the view field plane is changed according to the distance of the subject to avoid the parallax between the photographing plane, which results in that the parallax is generated between the finder optical system and the distance measuring optical system.
Therefore, even though the subject is positioned at the center of the view field plane and the distance thereof is measured by pressing half of the shutter button, it often occurs that the image is defocussed since the portion where the distance is actually measured is dislocated from the center of the view field plane.
Also, in accordance with the focus state detection device mentioned above, to upgrade the reliability of the focus error signal, the device is arranged in such a manner that a light receiving monitor is disposed near the focus error signal detecting unit so that the optical integration functioned by the unit is stopped when the output from the monitor reaches a predetermined value and the unit outputs the integration result therefrom.
Accordingly, the image in the light receiving portion of the focus error signal detector unit is moved according to the state of focus. Due to this motion of the unit, even when the image in the monitor is not changed during the distance measurement operation, the average output from the light receiving portion of the monitor is changed.
Also, when the subject luminance is abruptly changed during the distance measurement operation, the average output from the monitor changes beyond the actual change of the luminance.
The change of the average output results in that the stop point of the optical integration in the light receiving portion of the focus error signal detection unit is influenced from the distance of the subject.
This means that the reliability of the output from the focus error signal detection unit is lowered.


A substrate transport having a housing, a drive assembly connected to the housing, and a moveable arm assembly operably connected to the drive assembly. The drive assembly has a frame stationarily connected to the housing forming a cage with an open side. The drive assembly has a rotational drive and a vertical drive. The rotational drive is movably mounted to the frame inside the cage by a carriage. The vertical drive is mounted to the bottom of the frame and is attached to the rotational drive to move the rotational drive up and down on the frame. The rotational drive has two mirror image drive units.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a substrate processing apparatus and, more particularly, to a substrate transport drive system.
2. Prior Art
U.S. Pat. No. 5,209,699 discloses a magnetic drive device for handling wafers in a vacuum. PCT International Publication No. WO 94/23911 discloses an articulated arm transfer device with coaxial drive shafts and two rotational drives connected to a mounting flange by screw drives.


A fiber optic connector assembly comprises a ferrule assembly including a ferrule and a hub. The ferrule has a distal end and a proximal end. The proximal end of the ferrule is mounted to the hub. The ferrule defines a fiber passage that extends through the ferrule from the proximal end to the distal end. The fiber optic assembly further comprises an optical fiber having an end portion potted within the fiber passage of the ferrule. A loose tube receives the optical fiber. The loose tube has a distal end positioned inside the hub and defines a venting opening that starts at the distal end of the loose tube and extends proximally along a length of the loose tube.

Fiber optic cables may be terminated in two ways—with connectors that can mate two fibers to create a temporary joint and/or connect the fiber to a piece of network equipment or with splices which create a permanent joint between the two fibers. Two basic fiber optic cable designs include loose tube cables and tight buffered cables. Loose tube cables can be designed to endure outside environmental conditions. In a loose tube cable, one or more optical fibers are loosely positioned within a buffer tube contained within an outer jacket of the cable. The buffer tube can be filled with gel to prevent water from migrating along a length of the buffer tube.
Over the years, numerous connector types have been developed. Although the mechanical design varies significantly among different fiber optic connector types, most fiber optic connectors include a fiber ferrule made of ceramic, such as zirconia, or metal, such as stainless steel and a ferrule holder, commonly known as a hub, retaining the ferrule. Other ferrules (e.g., multi-fiber ferrules) can be made of other types of materials such as thermoset materials (e.g., epoxy) or thermoplastic materials (e.g., polyphenylene sulfide (pps)). In the case of single fiber ferrules, a high precision hole is formed (e.g., drilled) in the center of the ferrule, and a stripped bare fiber (the glass core and glass cladding with the coating removed) is inserted through and usually bonded by an adhesive such as epoxy.
Adhesive such as epoxy is used to secure/pot an optical fiber within the ferrule and ferrule hub of a fiber optic connector. Voids or air pockets within the epoxy filling the ferrule hub can leave part of the optical fiber unsupported or unevenly supported thereby increasing the likelihood of optical fiber breakage.
One way of terminating a loose tube fiber optic cable with a fiber optic connector is to inject epoxy into the ferrule and then push the fiber into the ferrule. Alternatively, epoxy is applied to the fiber before the fiber is pushed into the ferrule. If the end of the loose tube spaced from the connector is sealed, the expansion of air inside the tube when curing the epoxy at high temperatures will push air out the end of the loose tube adjacent the connector there introducing bubbles (i.e., voids or air pockets) within the epoxy filling the ferrule hub. Alternatively, if the far end of the loose tube is open, capillary action will draw epoxy into the loose tube from the ferrule hub and leave an insufficient amount of epoxy in the ferrule hub and/or the ferrule.
Attempts have been made to reduce the likelihood of introducing air pockets in the epoxy potting a fiber of a fiber optic connector during assembly of the fiber optic connector. Example attempts are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,381,497; 6,936,122 and 7,708,469, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. Despite these attempts, improvements are still needed.


A composite oxide includes CeO2, ZrO2 and a metallic oxide being free from reacting with CeO2 and ZrO2 at 700° C. or more, preferably at 900° C. or more and further preferably at 1,000° C. or more. The composite oxide has a regulatory oriented phase, such as a pyrochlore phase, etc., in which at least a part of Ce cations and Zr cations are oriented regularly. The composite oxide makes a catalytic support. The CeO2—ZrO2 composite oxide and the reaction-free metallic oxide make barriers each other which suppress the granular growth when the composite oxide is subjected to high-temperature heat in a reducing heat treatment to form the regulatory oriented phase. The regulatory oriented phase improves the oxygen storage-and-release capability of the catalytic support. Thus, it is possible to simultaneously attain a large a specific surface area and a high oxygen storage-and-release capability.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an exhaust gas reducing co-catalyst which not only has a sufficiently large specific surface area but also a high oxygen storage-and-release capability (hereinafter abbreviated to as "OSC"), and which is good in terms of the durability, a composite oxide which is used as a support for the exhaust gas reducing co-catalyst, and a process for producing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, as a catalyst for purifying an automotive exhaust gas, a 3-way catalyst has been used which oxidizes CO and HC and reduces NOx in the exhaust gas simultaneously. As for such a 3-way catalyst, for example, a catalyst has been known widely in which a support layer, being composed of γ-Al2O3, is formed on a heat resistant honeycomb substrate, being composed of cordierite, etc., and a noble metal, such as platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), etc., is loaded in the support layer.
By the way, as the conditions required for the support used in the catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas, it is possible to name a large specific surface area and a high heat resistance. In general, Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2, TiO2, etc., have been used often. Further, by combinedly using CeO2 having an OSC as a co-catalyst, it has been carried out relieving the atmosphere fluctuation of exhaust gas.
However, in the conventional catalyst for purifying an exhaust gas, there arise the decrement of the specific surface area of the support by sintering and the granular growth of the noble metal when it is subjected to a high temperature exceeding 800° C. Moreover, since the OSC, possessed by CeO2, decreases as well, there has been a drawback in that the purifying performance of the conventional catalyst degrades sharply.
In addition, since the exhaust gas emission control has been strengthened recently, it has been required strongly to purify an exhaust gas even in a very short period of time after starting an engine. In order to do so, it is required to activate the catalysts at a much lower temperature and to purify the emission-controlled components. Among them, a co-catalyst, in which Pt is loaded on CeO2, is excellent in terms of the performance for purifying CO starting at a low temperature. When such a co-catalyst is used, the CO-adsorption poisoning of Pt is relieved by igniting CO at a low temperature, and the igniting ability of HC is enhanced. Further, with these advantageous effects, the warm-up of the catalyst surface is facilitated, and accordingly it is possible to purify HC from a low temperature region. Furthermore, in this co-catalyst, H2 is produced by a water gas shift reaction in a low temperature region, and consequently it is possible to reduce and purify NOx by the reactions of H2 and NOx from a low temperature region.
However, the conventional co-catalyst, in which Pt, etc., is loaded on CeO2, lacks the durability in actual exhaust gases. It is not practical because CeO2 causes the sintering by heat. In order to use it in actual exhaust gases, it is necessary to upgrade the heat resistance without losing the properties of CeO2. Moreover, accompanied by the sintering of CeO2, Pt causes the granular growth so that the activity decreases. Hence, it has been required to stabilize Pt loaded on CeO2.
Moreover, even in a 3-way catalyst which includes CeO2 in its support, its OSC, which is revealed by CeO2, lowers when it is exposed to a high temperature. The disadvantage is caused by the sintering of CeO2, the granular growth of the noble metal loaded thereon, the oxidation of the noble metal, the solving of Rh in CeO2, and so on. Thus, in a catalyst which exhibits a low OSC (or which has a small CeO2 content), the novel metal is likely to be exposed to a fluctuating atmosphere, and the deterioration (e.g., the agglomeration or solving) of the noble metal is furthermore facilitated.
Therefore, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (KOKAI) No. 8-215,569, there is disclosed a technology using a Ceo2—ZrO2 composite oxide which is prepared from a metallic alkoxide. Since the CeO2—ZrO2 composite oxide, which is prepared from the metallic alkoxide by a sol-gel method, makes a solid solution in which Ce and Zr are composited at atomic level or molecular level, it is improved in terms of the durability and securely exhibits a high OSC from initial to post-durability service.
It is possible to produce such a composite oxide by preparing oxide precursors, which include a plurality of metallic elements, by an alkoxide method, a co-precipitation method, and the like, and by calcining them thereafter. Among them, since the co-precipitation method is less expensive in terms of the material cost compared to that of the alkoxide method, it effects an advantage in that the resulting composite oxide is less expensive. Hence, the co-precipitation method has been used widely in the production of composite oxides.
However, the composite oxide, which is set forth in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (KOKAI) No. 8-215,569, is still insufficient in terms of the OSC. Consequently, it has been required to furthermore improve the OSC. Hence, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (KOKAI) No. 11-165,067, there is set forth a process in which precipitates are formed out of a solution, including a cerium (III) salt and a zirconium (IV) salt, by a co-precipitation method and the resulting precipitates are heated to and held at a temperature of from 800 to 1,000° C. in an inert atmosphere or a non-oxidizing atmosphere. By the process, the resulting composite oxide has an X-ray diffraction peak which is derived from a pyrochlore phase, and exhibits a high OSC.
The process, which is set forth in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (KOKAI) No. 11-165,067, surely gives a CeO2—ZrO2 composite oxide which has a high OSC. However, in the process, since the precipitates are heated to and held at a temperature of from 800 to 1,000° C., it is inevitable to decrease the specific surface area of the CeO2—ZrO2 composite oxide. Accordingly, when the CeO2—ZrO2 composite oxide is used to make an exhaust gas reducing co-catalyst, it is difficult to attain practically high reducing activities.
Moreover, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (KOKAI) No. 2001-104,782, there is set forth a process in which a noble metal is loaded on an Al2O3—CeO2—ZrO2 composite oxide and the Al2O3—CeO2—ZrO2 composite oxide with the noble metal loaded is heat-treated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of from 1,050 to 1,150° C. Thus, the noble metal is fixed physically in the pores of the Al2O3—CeO2—ZrO2 composite oxide support. Consequently, it is possible to inhibit the granular growth of the noble metal.
However, in the process which is set forth in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (KOKAI) No. 2001-104,782, since sintering occurs in the support comprising the Al2O3—CeO2—ZrO2 composite oxide by the heat treatment at 1,050° C. or more, the supports exhibits a lowered OSC. Accordingly, it is difficult to attain practical performance as an exhaust gas reducing co-catalyst.
The present invention has been developed in view of such circumstances. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a composite oxide which can attain a large specific surface area and a high OSC simultaneously. At the same time, it is another object of the present invention to provide an exhaust gas reducing co-catalyst in which the composite oxide makes a support and a fine noble metal is loaded on the support, and which exhibits high reducing activities.

Composite oxide, process for producing the same, and exhaust gas reducing co-catalyst


A patient treatment system includes a ventilation bag, and a monitoring device which is configured so as to be connectable to the ventilation bag. The monitoring device measures the pulse rate derived from the heart rate of a neonate, from signals of ECG electrodes which are connected to the monitoring device. In a case where an abnormality of measurement information of the pulse rate is detected, the monitoring device notifies of first information prompting ventilation by the ventilation bag.

In hypoventilation or respiratory arrest, a resuscitation bag which is called an Ambu bag or a Jackson Rees bag is widely used. A rescuer causes a mask of a resuscitation bag to cover an area of a subject extending from the oral cavity to the nasal cavity, and presses the resuscitation bag connected to the mask, to perform ventilation.
Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique relating to ventilation using a resuscitation bag. A respiratory condition display apparatus disclosed in Patent Literature 1 calculates normal or abnormal values of respiratory parameters during ventilation, based on physical indices (the body weight, the age, the sex, and the like), and displays together measurement values and normal values (or abnormal values) of the respiratory parameters.

Patient treatment system and monitoring device


A method and system are provided for aligning the lateral edge of sheets fed to a printing press. The lateral position of a sheet is detected. A slidable suction device beneath the sheet is operated to pull the sheet toward a lateral abutment at a constant speed, the suction being applied at an individual time for each sheet in accordance with the detected position. Suction pressure is released when the sheet reaches the side lay, such that suction pressure is only applied for the time necessary to place the sheet in proper registration.

Prior to feeding a sheet to a sheet processing machine such as a printing press, it is desirable to position the sheet in correct registration, i.e., to properly align the front and side edges of the sheet. Generally, as sheets are initially fed in a forward direction, the front edge of the sheet is first aligned on front lays (forward abutments), followed by a procedure for accomplishing the side edge alignment. Various methods and systems have attempted to effect this side edge alignment, including systems that perform the lateral alignment along a fixed side lay, i.e., lateral abutment, or without such a side lay.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,743,277 (corresponding to German Patent DE 2 046 602) discloses a device which attempts to achieve lateral sheet alignment without a side lay. After the front edge of each sheet is aligned on front lays, the side position of the sheet is detected with a measuring head, and then compared with an ideal position value to determine the difference. As a result, the amount of lateral movement necessary to laterally align the sheet is known. A transversely displaceable suction pulling strip or a drum disposed in the feed table moves the sheet laterally in accordance with the obtained difference measured.
However, because this prior system does not utilize a side lay, not only must the lateral position measurement be extremely precise, therefore requiring complex circuitry, but the side-pulling means must not even slightly skew the sheet during its operation since no lateral abutment is present to readjust sheets that have shifted during the movement.
Another sheet alignment method and device that attempts to align sheets without a side lay is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,613,125 (corresponding to German Patent DE 3 301 722). In this method, the sheet is similarly aligned entirely by measuring and without utilizing a lateral abutment, by first aligning the front edge of a sheet and then laterally moving the sheet beyond a measuring zone. When the sheet exceeds the zone, a scanning device is completely cleared, thereby triggering a signal indicating that the sheet is positioned at a known lateral location. An additional movement over a fixed distance places the sheet in registration.
Again, since there is no fixed side lay, the lateral position measurement must be extremely precise, requiring sensitive scanning means, and the side-pulling means must not even slightly skew the sheet during the movement, otherwise the angled sheet will trigger the scanner improperly and remain aligned improperly.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,264,068, (corresponding to German Patent DE 2 851 935), assigned to the present assignee, discloses a sheet alignment mechanism that includes a side lay. The sheet is moved against the side lay by a pneumatic side-pulling suction means which is disposed beneath the feed table and operates in synchronization with the incoming sheets. The pneumatic side-pulling means includes an interchangeable suction device that moves in a reciprocating fashion by being mechanically coupled to a control cam. A bleed valve controls the amount of suction pressure so that the sheet slides over the surface of the moving suction means once the sheet edge abuts the side lay. The sliding continues until a valve block with a rotary plate valve is opened, which occurs when the side-pulling means has reached a certain limit and pressure is released.
With this prior system the pneumatic pulling means operates in synchronization with the incoming sheets, and suction is applied from the moment that the suction plate is pulled. As a result, because the lateral positions of the sheets vary prior to alignment, different sheets are moved different distances before reaching the side lay, and sheets are held against the side lay until the suction pressure is released for different lengths of time. Although once the sheets reach the side lay the suction pressure is such that the sheets slide over the surface of the suction means, some inertial and frictional forces are present. Thus the sheets strike the side lay at varying speeds and are forced slightly into the side lay, which causes rebounding from the side lay once released.
When printing machine speeds are high, (for example when exceeding 12,000 sheets per hour), this frictional force along with the inertial forces of the sheets and other dynamic conditions unpredictably influence the speed that the sheet initially strikes the side lay and the distances that the various sheets rebound when they are held for varying lengths of time against the side lay. As a result, at these higher speeds sheets cannot be consistently transferred to the processing machine in perfect registration, and poor operating results occur.
Finally, since these systems reciprocate continuously, the suction means must travel an extra distance toward the lateral abutment before uncovering an inlet port to apply suction. This is necessary so as to not suck in the sheets before they aligned on the front lays, while still keeping the suction means in synchronization with the incoming sheets. Thus, the overall reciprocation speed had to be increased to account for this extra distance traveled. Accordingly, because the forces differ as a function of the speed and distance that the sheets are pulled, at particularly high speeds sheets have a tendency to sustain edge damage, particularly when certain grades of paper are used.

Method and system for the lateral alignment of sheets


Visually depicting cloud resource utilization during execution of an application, the application using multiple cloud resources deployed on multiple cloud hosts, including: displaying, by a resource monitoring module in a graphical user interface, a visual depiction of resource utilization of the multiple cloud resources during execution of the application; receiving, from a user through the graphical user interface displaying the visual depiction of resource utilization of the multiple cloud resources, a resource utilization threshold for each of the multiple cloud resources; determining, by the resource monitoring module, whether one or more of the resource utilization thresholds have been reached; and responsive to determining that one or more of the resource utilization thresholds have been reached, executing a predetermined action.

Field of the Invention
The field of the invention is data processing, or, more specifically, methods, apparatus, and products for visually depicting cloud resource utilization during execution of an application.
Description of Related Art
The development of the EDVAC computer system of 1948 is often cited as the beginning of the computer era. Since that time, computer systems have evolved into extremely complicated devices. Today's computers are much more sophisticated than early systems such as the EDVAC. Computer systems typically include a combination of hardware and software components, application programs, operating systems, processors, buses, memory, input/output devices, and so on. As advances in semiconductor processing and computer architecture push the performance of the computer higher and higher, more sophisticated computer software has evolved to take advantage of the higher performance of the hardware, resulting in computer systems today that are much more powerful than just a few years ago.
As computer software has become more sophisticated, debuggers that are used to analyze software defects or to optimize performance have also evolved. Debuggers allow a user to follow the flow of program execution and inspect the state of a program at any point by controlling execution of the program being debugged. Debuggers may control program execution through a variety of operations including a debugger step function. A debugger step function is a function that instructs a computer processor to execute a single statement of computer program code and then to return processing control back to the debugger. A debugger, and many other software applications, frequently can consume varying amounts of computing resources at different periods during the execution cycle.

International Business Machines Corporation


A rotary cylinder piston compressor pump is provided, including a rotating shaft (2), a piston (3) and a cylinder (4). A rotating shaft hole (21) is provided in the rotating shaft (2). An oil guiding channel, provided in the cylinder (4), communicating with the rotating shaft hole (21). A recess (45) is formed in the inner end face of the cylinder (4). An oil path (61) sealed relative to a compression cavity (49) of the cylinder (4) is formed between the recess (45) and the piston (3). The oil path (61) between the recess (45) and the piston (3) is communicated with an oil path (62) between the piston (3) and the rotating shaft (2) and is communicated with the oil guiding channel by means of an oil returning channel. Also provided is a compressor including the compressor pump.

A rotary cylinder piston compressor belongs to a refrigeration piston compressor of a brand new structure, which essentially adopts a cross slider structure principle. Referring to FIG. 10, O1 is the center of a rotating shaft, O2 is the center of a cylinder, e is a center-to-center distance (i.e., eccentric amount of the compressor), and a square is the center of mass of a piston. When the rotating shaft rotates, the piston is driven to move in a circular motion, and the distance between the piston and the center of the cylinder is in the range of 0 to e. The rotating shaft is eccentrically assembled with the cylinder, and the rotating shaft drives the cylinder to rotate through the piston. Due to the eccentric relationship between the rotating shaft and the cylinder, the rotating shaft and the cylinder rotate around the respective axes during operation, and the piston reciprocates relative to the cylinder to achieve gas compression.
Specifically, the rotating shaft of the rotary cylinder piston compressor is eccentrically assembled with the cylinder, the rotating shaft drives the cylinder to rotate through the piston, and oil is pumped through a short shaft hole in a cylinder short shaft to a rotating shaft hole in the rotating shaft of the cylinder. Due to the eccentric relationship between the rotating shaft and the cylinder, the rotating shaft and the cylinder rotate around the respective axes during operation. On the one hand, the contact between the lower end surface of the rotating shaft and the end surface of the cylinder ensures the oil supply of the rotating shaft, but brings adverse influence on the circulation of an oil groove oil channel on the side surface of the rotating shaft, which is not conducive to the lubrication the kinematic pair of the rotating shaft and the piston under heavy working conditions. On the other hand, an intersection area of the inner hole of the rotating shaft and the cylinder hole of the cylinder has a great influence on the oil supply of the rotating shaft.
In view of the above problems, there is a need for a rotary cylinder piston compressor pump and a compressor with the rotary cylinder piston compressor pump, which can solve the problem in the conventional art of large circulation resistance of an oil groove oil channel on the side surface of a rotating shaft.

Rotary cylinder piston compressor pump and compressor with rotary cylinder piston compressor pump

Gree Green Refrigeration Technology Center Co., Ltd. of Zhuhai


A method and apparatus for optimizing a backup chain using synthetic backups is described. In one embodiment, a method for creating synthetic incremental backups to optimize a backup chain comprises accessing a backup chain, which further comprises a plurality of incremental backups and determining schedule information defining a number of incremental backups to use to create one or more synthetic incremental backups representing the plurality of incremental backups from the backup chain, wherein the number of backups is defined by a numerical progression.

Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to data protection systems and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for optimizing a backup chain using synthetic backups.
Description of the Related Art
Recovery from a data loss event normally requires an effective backup process. The backup process is used to create copies or backups of a data storage device, which can be used to restore original file data following the data loss event. The backup process protects against software failures, hardware failures and any other error committed by the user. Software failures are bugs or procedural errors in, for example, a server application that corrupts the contents of file data. Hardware failures can range from the failure of a single hard disk to the destruction of an entire data center, making some or all files of the file data unavailable. Errors committed by the user include errors such as accidental deletion or overwriting of files that are later required. Consequently, in these cases, deleted file data subsequently delay the ability of a user or set of users to use the file data accurately. Conventionally, backup systems use two types of backups: full and incremental.
During a full backup, the system transfers a copy of all the data on one or more storage devices to a backup set comprising one or more backups. During subsequent incremental backups, the backup system copies the data that has changed since either the last full backup or the most recent incremental backup and stores the copies as one or more incremental backups. Differential backups are incremental backups that capture the data that has changed since the last full backup. Some systems implement incremental backups by capturing files that have changed or by identifying changed portions of the files and capturing only the changed file data. Other systems implement incremental backups by capturing the changed file data. Other systems implement incremental backups by capturing changed cluster data of an underlying file system or changed sector data (i.e., format actually used to store the data on a disk).
Currently, certain data protection applications (e.g., Backup Exec System Recovery (BESR)) are configured to generate two kinds of backups, a full or base backup and an incremental backup. For example, the Backup Exec System Recovery (BESR) creates a backup chain comprising an extremely large number of incremental backups based on a full backup. Each incremental backup comprises file data that has been changed since the previous incremental backup or the base backup. The previous incremental backup is considered to be the parent of a current incremental backup. Furthermore, access to each and every previous backup back to the base backup is required in order to assemble a complete backup.
The Backup Exec System Recovery (BESR) creates a synthetic incremental backup from one or more incremental backups (e.g., a collapse or image consolidation). The synthetic incremental backup corresponds to the file data represented by the collapsed one or more incremental backups. The synthetic incremental backup has a parent backup that may be a synthetic incremental or synthetic base backup. The synthetic incremental backup contains the file data that has been modified since a point-in-time captured by the parent backup. However, the collapse does not change the base or full backup. The base backup can be combined with a portion of the following incremental backups in the backup chain to create a synthetic base backup. The synthetic base backup captures the same set of data as would have been captured had a full backup been created at the point-in-time that the last incremental backup that was rolled up into the synthetic base backup was created. The rolling up of the base backup reads all the data in a targeted point-in-time including the data that has not changed, since the original base backup was taken. Such backup processing requires a commitment of substantial computing resources. Within a computer network comprising at least one server and a plurality of client computers, rolling up and collapsing can strain a client computer's resources as well as the network/processing resources and the like of the overall system. However, often at some point of time, the administrator no longer needs the incremental backups. For example, while the backup process may be performed every fifteen minutes, if the user wanted to restore data from two weeks ago, any backup from two weeks ago is most likely sufficient and access to any other backup at the fifteen minute resolution is not needed as long as the accessed backup is complete. A synthetic incremental backup can be created to represent (e.g., convert) ninety-six incremental backups (i.e., four incremental backups per hour for twenty-four hours equals ninety-six incremental backups).
Moreover, a long backup chain generated by the Backup Exec System Recovery (BESR) strains the resources of the overall system because more storage space and processing power is required to restore the data for each and every previous incremental backup back to the base backup in order to assemble the complete backup. Furthermore, restoring data from the long backup chain requires opening all of the backups in the chain, calculating the location of each sector and reading the necessary sectors to locate the correct incremental file data which is required by the user. Subsequently to execute the calculation, each backup in the chain requires some memory to hold a bitmap indicating which sectors are actually present in the chain. Even with significant memory optimization to the bitmap structure the Backup Exec System Recovery (BESR) is not able to support backup chains longer than a few thousand incremental backups, when working with large volumes (e.g., 100 GB or greater). Furthermore, if the backup chain is located across a slow network connection such as a virtual private network (VPN), the cost of opening and reading from many file data can be prohibitive.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a method and apparatus for processing a backup chain using synthetic backups (e.g., synthetic incremental backups) to optimize the backup chain in an efficient and cost effective manner.

Method and apparatus for optimizing a backup chain using synthetic backups


A cover for a steam radiator and for circulating air passing therepast. The cover includes a cover and blower apparatus. The cover covers the steam radiator. The blower apparatus is connected to the cover and circulates the air passing past the steam radiator. The blower apparatus includes a thermostat that is disposed in close proximity to the steam radiator, and extends therefrom to a blower fan, and activates the blower fan when the air becomes heated by the steam radiator to a predetermined temperature, which causes the air to be drawn in through intake vents in the front wall of the cover, up through an open top of the cover, into a main through opening in a bottom wall of a lid portion of the cover, downwardly out through a secondary through opening in the bottom wall of the lid portion, into an upper prismatic-frustrum-shaped funnel of the blower apparatus, into a lower prismatic-frustrum-shaped funnel of the blower apparatus, downwardly through an upper tube of the blower apparatus, into the blower fan, downwardly through a lower tube of the blower apparatus, forwardly into a manifold of the blower apparatus, and out outlet vents in the front wall of the cover.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a cover for a steam radiator. More particularly, the present invention relates to a cover for a steam radiator and for circulating air passing therepast.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Numerous innovations for heat related devices have been provided in the prior art that will be described. Even though these innovations may be suitable for the specific individual purposes to which they address, however, they differ from the present invention.
A FIRST EXAMPLE, U.S. Pat. No. Des. 258,907 to Jackson teaches the ornamental design for a steam radiator cover.
A SECOND EXAMPLE, U.S. Pat. No. Des. 279,029 to Sieverding teaches the ornamental design for a blower unit for portable heater.
A THIRD EXAMPLE, U.S. Pat. No. Des. 309,776 to Rudolph teaches the ornamental design for a wall heater cover.
A FOURTH EXAMPLE, U.S. Pat. No. 4,121,560 to Knight teaches a freestanding fireplace and room heater that is both pleasing in appearance and is an efficient room heater. The heater includes an upright firebox selectively sealed by a door on a front wall thereof. The door may be opened and swing to a position adjacent one side of the firebox for free access to the firebox interior. The door includes a removable glass window for a clear view of a fire within the firebox. The window may be selectively removed and replaced with a metal panel. A relatively inconspicuous blower unit is mounted at the rearward side of the firebox to receive and direct air across the back side, then out across the top, bottom, and sides of the firebox. Also included is a draft arrangement adjacent to the glass pane. The draft arrangement operates to draw cool air in and downwardly across the inside surface of the glass pane. The draft arrangement provides air to support combustion within the firebox and prevents build-up of soot and dust on the glass pane. A moveable draft control is provided on the metal panel that, when in place, may be used to vary the airflow through the draft arrangement. The firebox is designed to retain hot gasses in a turbulent atmosphere for a time prior to discharge through a smoke outlet.
A FIFTH EXAMPLE, U.S. Pat. No. 4,392,478 to Black teaches a heat circulation device which is portable to be usable placed upon conventional space heaters and particularly upon kerosene fueled heaters which includes a plenum housing adapted to be placed upon the heater which defines a plenum chamber therein for gathering heated air. The upper surface of the plenum chamber defines a generally convex heated surface and the sidewalls of the plenum chamber include apertures therein. A main housing is located immediately above the plenum housing which is adapted to provide a flow of cool air via a blower assembly wherein this cool air is guided to travel across the convection surface to be warmed thereby and then to travel past the hot air apertures to create a suction thereagainst similar to the Venturi principle and hence draw warm air outward therefrom. In this manner the heated air being supplied into the plenum chamber from the kerosene or other heater will be re-circulated in an outwardly directed manner 360 degrees with respect to the heat circulation device itself. The convection surface is convexed and inclined slightly downwardly in all directions to thereby urge this warm air into the lower areas of the surrounding room to facilitate circulation thereof.
A SIXTH EXAMPLE, U.S. Pat. No. 4,633,851 to Hamilton teaches a portable hot air circulator that comprises concentrically mounted cylindrical members, the inner member being closed at its upper end to form a cup-like structure designed to mount over a conventional liquid fuel heater in closely-spaced relation. Air is forced downwardly through an annular passageway between the cylindrical members by a fan mounted through the top of the outer cylindrical member which is closed to form a plenum space between the tops of the concentric cylinder members. The fan is shielded by a louvered hood member, and spacer clips accommodate the mounting over the liquid fuel heater.
It is apparent that numerous innovations for heat related devices have been provided in the prior art that are adapted to be used. Furthermore, even though these innovations may be suitable for the specific individual purposes to which they address, however, they would not be suitable for the purposes of the present invention as heretofore described.

Cover for a steam radiator and for circulating air therepast