The present invention is an improved apparatus and method for using a catalyst to remove contaminants from a fluid stream. Catalytic particles are enmeshed within a highly porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate. The use of an expanded PTFE substrate provides added strength to the substrate and provides open and uniform porosity, thus, assuring proper exchange of molecules between the exterior surface of the substrate and the catalytic particles held within it. As such, the present invention is particularly suitable for use as a cross-flow filter for use in ozone generating office equipment (e.g., an electro-static photocopy machine) or similar application requiring minimal pressure drop across the filter unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to apparatus and methods for reacting a catalyst with a fluid, such as for the placement and operation of an ozone decomposing catalyst in a fluid stream.
2. Description of Related Art
Catalysts are used in a variety of applications to alter chemical compositions or remove unwanted contaminants. Such applications include both passive and active catalyst installations. In passive catalyst installations, a catalyst is installed in a fixed position (e.g., near a contaminant generation point in an apparatus) and it reacts with chemicals in a fluid that happen to flow past it. In active catalyst installations, a catalyst is installed in a system whereby a stream of fluid is forced past the catalyst (e.g., in a reactor process vessel, a liquid conduit or an air duct) to encourage the chemical reaction to occur.
One of the primary concerns in the use of catalysts is how to easily and securely install the catalyst while assuring that maximum surface area is available for reaction between the catalyst and the fluid to be treated. To this end, powders or other particle forms of catalyst can provide maximum contact area, but only if the particles can be arranged to permit the fluid to flow freely across their surfaces. This condition may make it difficult to install powdered catalysts in many applications since space is often limited and catalysts generally cannot be freely dispersed in a fluid stream. Further complicating the use of particulate catalysts is that they are not easily installed or retained in place. The attachment of catalysts to a substrate may make them much easier to handle, but inevitably reduces the exposed surface area of the catalyst.
An area of catalyst treatment that has received particular interest is in the use of catalysts to remove environmental contaminants from air and liquid fluid streams. For example, ozone decomposing catalysts are beginning to be recognized as superior to use of merely ozone removing chemicals (e.g., activated carbon) for many uses, such as in air purification systems (e.g., aerospace vehicle air supply), water disinfection applications, industrial corona treatment equipment, and photocopy machines and similar devices. Carbon and similar materials are not fully acceptable in these applications since these materials are consumed in the filtration process and its is often difficult to ascertain when these materials have reached the end of their useful life. By contrast, catalysts have much longer operating lives, decrease the amount of waste generated by the purification system, and tend to be more successful at removing contaminants over a longer period of time. While significant improvements can be realized with the use of catalysts in these applications, regretfully, the use of catalysts in these applications suffers from the installation problems outlined above.
One approach in supplying a catalyst is to bind the catalyst to the surface of a substrate. One example of this method is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,187,137 issued to Terui et al., where a thin film coating of manganese dioxide, lead, or lead oxide catalyst is bound to a support (e.g., an inorganic or metal or metal oxide material), preferably using a binder such as alumina sol. Another approach is disclosed in UK Patent 2,258,622 issued to Nichlas Corporation. In this instance, a fine powder of manganese dioxide is coated on a porous carrier paper made from inorganic fibers. Again, a binder such as alumina sol or polyvinyl alcohol is used to hold the catalyst in place. The patent warns that the amount of binder used should be kept to a minimum to avoid coating the catalyst and reducing its catalytic activity. Similarly, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,142,323 issued to Yoshida, a coating of catalyst, foaming agent, and binder is applied to a tape that can be installed in critical area within an electrostatic charge generating machine. All of these approaches are believed to have a number of deficiencies.
First, as has been acknowledged, the use of binders necessarily coats the catalytic particles in order to anchor them and reduces their effectiveness. While too much binder can severely reduce the function of the catalyst, too little binder may limit the amount of catalyst that can be applied in a given area or risks contamination of the fluid stream with catalytic particles. Of course, performance continues to degrade over the life of the filter as shedding continues.
Second, catalysts applied on the surface of a support are not well protected from attack or damage. For instance, surface particles can be fouled by contaminants carried in the fluid stream, such as dust, water, or water vapor. Additionally, the placement of catalytic particles on the surface of a support may leave them susceptible to contamination, damage, or loss where mechanical contact with the particles occurs or where washing or other treatment is necessary.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 4-235718 to Japan Vilene Company, Ltd. dispenses with the use of a binder by embedding an ozone decomposing catalyst within a fibrillated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin. By mixing the catalyst within the PTFE resin and then subjecting the mixture to a cutting or shearing force (i.e., performing blending, rolling, or extrusion), the catalyst can be securely bound within a fibrillated PTFE structure without considerable coating of PTFE polymer and without the introduction of a binder material. The patent goes on to teach that voids should be formed in the final product through: blending, rolling, or extruding; introducing a foaming or pore forming agent; or embossing or perforating the support material. The use of pore forming agents is identified as being particularly beneficial, such as using alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, ethylene glycol, or naphtha. Suggested foaming agents include inorganic foaming agents (e.g., sodium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate), azo compounds, and sulfonyl compounds. The patent reports good ozone removal properties by passing a stream of air perpendicularly through the PTFE material. This is attributed to a high probably of contact between the air to be filtered and the catalytic particles within the support material as the air is passed through the PTFE material.
Although the material disclosed in Japanese Laid Open Patent Application 4-235718 appears to address some of the previous problems in binding a catalyst to a substrate, this material continues to have a number of serious limitations. First, the Japanese application does not address how to produce an improved support material that is useful where only cross-flow surface filtration is desired. For many applications flow-through filtration demands excessive pressure drop that cannot be readily accommodated. For instance, cooling fans in electrostatic copiers are intentionally limited in size to reduce noise and electric consumption. A flow-through filter such as that disclosed in the Japanese Application is believed to be impracticable for these uses since too much air pressure will be required to maintain flow through the filter. Pressure drop may be even further increased over time when particles become embedded within the filter during operation, reducing filter effectiveness and requiring even greater air pressure to achieve proper air flow.
Furthermore, the material disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 4-235718 has limited void size control and distribution. That reference teaches that voids are produced by using a pore forming agent which generates very inconsistent void sizes that are difficult to control. The size and distribution of the void spaces within the catalyst material is critical to allowing the gas to reach the catalyst within the depth of the material. Since the efficiency of a filter can be significantly limited by the availability of the catalyst to the contaminated air, it is crucial that void volume is carefully and predictably controlled. the processes taught by the Japanese reference simply does not supply the predictability and control necessary to produce a fully acceptable filter device, particularly one to be employed in cross-flow filtration.
For these applications a cross-flow filter, where air flow occurs only across the exterior surface of the substrate, would be preferred. Unfortunately, the fibrillated PTFE material produced in the methods taught in the Japanese Application is considered to be of too limited porosity to allow effective air exchange between the exterior surface of the substrate and embedded particles in a cross-flow installation.
Another problem with the support material disclosed in Japanese Laid Open Patent Application 4-235618 is that the PTFE material described in the Patent Application is believed to be of limited strength, making it susceptible to leakage or even catastrophic failure. One possible solution to this problem might be to provide some form of support material to reinforce the PTFE material. This solution, however, may only increase the pressure drop across the filter.
Finally, the methods taught in the Japanese Application for producing the support material are considered quite dangerous due to the combustible combination of certain manufacturing chemicals and catalysts such as manganese dioxide. It has been determined that the combination of manganese dioxide with certain organics (e.g., isopropyl alcohol, naphtha, or ethylene glycol) results in the oxidation of the organics. This is particularly likely to occur at elevated temperatures. As a result, the processing of PTFE, manganese dioxide, and an organic foaming or pore forming agent must be carefully controlled to avoid risk of severe combustion. This condition is actually worsened when the combustible materials are removed by volatilization at elevated temperatures, as the Japanese Application recommends, or when the volatilization is carried out in a closed container and/or at elevated pressures. Lastly, even without such processing constraints, it is quite difficult to remove the processing chemicals completely following production. This can leave contaminates that may reduce the effectiveness of the catalyst in operation.
Accordingly, it is a primary purpose of the present invention to provide a substrate for containing a catalyst that securely contains catalyst without the use of a binder or other adhesive material that might reduce the catalyst's effectiveness.
It is another purpose of the present invention to provide a substrate for containing a catalyst that is both highly porous and contains controlled and evenly distributed pores throughout the material, allowing effective exchange of air between the exterior of the substrate and catalytic particles contained therein, even in cross-flow filtration installations.
It is still another purpose of the present invention to provide an improved cross-flow filter for the catalytic treatment of a fluid stream.
It is yet another purpose of the present invention to provide a method of producing an improved substrate for containing catalytic particles that can be safely practiced without risk of combustion.
It is a further purpose of the present invention to provide a method of producing an improved substrate for containing catalytic particles that avoids the introduction of performance diminishing contaminants during processing.
It is another purpose of the present invention to provide a catalyst containing material that is strong and flexible.
It is yet another purpose of the present invention to provide a catalytic filter that can be electrically grounded, charged or heated.
These and other purposes of the present invention will become evident from review of the following specification.

Catalyst retaining apparatus and use in an ozone filter


A test platform includes a base, a supporting member rotatably supported on the base, a laser emitter mounted on the base, and a laser receiver mounted to the supporting member and aligning with the laser emitter. The supporting member includes a network socket electrically connected to the laser receiver. The laser emitter is electrically connected to a network communication device.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a test platform.
2. Description of Related Art
Electronic devices undergoing electromagnetic interference (EMI) tests may be placed on a round stage to get tested. The stage usually includes a plurality of wheels capable of rolling along a track, so that the stage can be rotated 360 degrees. A network socket is mounted on the stage to provide network connection for the electronic devices. A cable of the network socket is connected to a network signal source located away from the stage. However, the cable of the network socket is easily tangles and damaged when the stage is being rotated. Therefore, there is room for improvement in the art.

HONG FU JIN PRECISION INDUSTRY (ShenZhen) CO., LTD.


A transmission mount has a mount base with first and second surfaces. The first surface has a transmission attachment point and the second surface has a vehicle attachment point. The second surface is opposite the first surface. The mount base also has first and second end portions angled towards a middle portion of the second surface. The middle portion is between the first and second end portions.

The present invention relates to automotive transmissions and in particular to transmission mount assemblies for use in securing a transmission in an automotive vehicle.
An automotive transmission is part of a powertrain of an automotive vehicle and is supported in the vehicle on one or more transmission mount assemblies. Known focalized transmission mounts may have end portions angled inwards towards the transmission and away from an attachment point of the mount to the vehicle. The mount has an equivalent elastic center. As a consequence, the inward angled end portions define the equivalent elastic center above the mount.
The mount is secured to both the transmission and the vehicle and provides isolation to reduce noise, vibration, and harshness generated by the transmission. The noise, vibration, and harshness is reduced as a roll mode purity value for the powertrain increases.


Apparatus and methods related providing application execution information (AEI) are provided. A server can receive a request to provide a software package for a particular software application. The server can determine composite AEI (CAEI) for the particular software application. The CAEI can include a composite list of software with data about software methods of the particular software application executed by a computing device other than the server. The server can extract particular AEI related to the particular software application from the CAEI. The particular AEI can provide compiler hints for compiling at least one software method predicted to be executed by the particular software application. The server can generate the software package, where the software package can include the particular software application and the particular AEI. The server can provide the software package.

A computing device can have an operating system that supports essential functionality for using the computing device, such as scheduling tasks, executing software, and managing hardware and software resources of the computing device. In some examples, the operating system can include a runtime system that enables execution of software applications on the particular computing device. In particular examples, the runtime system can include compiler and/or interpreter software for converting application software into machine language instructions that can be directly executed by the computing device to perform one or more relatively low-level operations.
For example, the runtime system can support a virtual machine, where application software can be converted into one or more bytecodes. A bytecode is an instruction that performs one or more relatively low-level operations; e.g., memory loads and stores, register operations, and basic numerical operations. However, a bytecode may not be directly executable by the computing device, unlike machine language instructions.
To bridge the gap between bytecodes and machine-language instructions, bytecodes can be compiled by the compiler software, where compilation involves converting the bytecodes into machine-language instructions that can be executed by the computing device. Another technique for executing bytecodes includes interpreting the bytecodes using interpreter software, which can be software executable on the computing device that can perform operations as specified by the bytecodes. Typically, bytecodes that have been compiled into machine-language instructions can be executed faster than interpreted bytecodes.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Bootstrapping profile-guided compilation and verification


A medicament delivery device is presented having an elongated body having a longitudinal axis, a proximal end and a distal end that is provided with a distal surface. The distal surface is arranged and configured such that the elongated body of the medicament delivery device can steadily stand on the distal surface.

A number of medicament delivery devices for self-administration of medicaments are on the market and different designs had been developed depending on which kind of medicament is to be delivered, which dose etc. Usually it is an elongated portable device held by a user, e.g. a pen-like device. As those devices may contain a fragile parts, e.g. of glass, any fall should be avoided not only due to possible damage to the fragile parts, but also due to hygiene/sterility requirement on the medicament delivery device. The conventional elongated medicament delivery device is usually kept horizontally for natural reasons as, due to the elongated form, it often tends to be unstable in a vertical position and falls easily. Also, such a medicament delivery device is often cylindrical and will easily start to roll on a planar surface. There is thus a risk that the medicament delivery device will roll off a table and be damaged and/or contaminated. Therefore there is a need to prevent an elongated and generally cylindrical medicament delivery device from rolling on planar surfaces.
As the devices are often used for self-administration, it is very important that the dosage of the medicament delivered is correct and that the medicament, which is often expensive, and sometimes hazardous if handled incorrectly, does not get spilled.
Particularly, the problem of accidental expulsion of medicament by an air bubble may occur in so called multi-chamber containers, where one chamber may comprise the medicament as e.g. a powder or as a dried substance, where this chamber also comprises air. A second chamber may comprise a liquid or solvent/diluent or inhibitor or catalyst which is to be mixed with the medicament in the first chamber prior to the delivery of the reconstituted medicament to a patient. Optionally, two different liquid components in two chambers may be mixed prior to delivery.
During the mixing process, especially if mixed quickly, e.g. in automatic or semi-automatic medicament delivery devices where a spring drives the mixing process, a foam, or air bubbles, may form which may disturb the dose delivery. During device activation, e.g. performing an delivery, after setting a dose, if air bubbles are present in the reconstituted medicament, an unpredictable portion of the medicament may be expelled prior to the dose delivery itself so that the actual dosage delivered to a patient is reduced. Even single chamber containers may contain some air which needs to be removed prior to delivery. The process of removing air prior to the injection called priming.
Thus, the accuracy of the dose delivery may be jeopardised due to air bubbles in the medicament to be delivered.
To solve this problem, WO2010/003262 discloses an injection apparatus comprising a safeguard mechanism for assuring complete mixing of medicament in a multi-chamber cartridge prior to injection. The apparatus comprises a metering and/or actuating element and a housing, the metering and/or actuating element only being released by the safeguard mechanism after the mixing of the medicament in the multi-chamber cartridge.
The uncontrolled expulsion of medicament may occur due to air bubbles that tend to escape even in a syringe or a single-chamber cartridge or a container, which may also contain some the air.
WO 2016/193622 discloses another kind of medicament delivery device such as an auto-injector with a single-chamber reservoir. A piston rod is used to cooperate with a piston of the reservoir. The piston rod is moved by an injection spring between a loaded position and an injection position in which latter position said piston rod has moved the piston of the reservoir in order to inject the fluid product into an injection site. The auto-injector comprises a delay system for delaying the end of actuation of an indicator device relative to the end of the injection. The indicator device generates a noise during the actuation of the indicator device.
Some devices solve this problem by first manually priming the device and only then setting the correct dosage to be delivered.
EP1 409 046 discloses a medication dispensing apparatus with a drive mechanism including a plunger that is manually pullable relative to the housing in a proximal direction to shift the apparatus from a ready state to a cocked state, and which is manually pushable relative to the housing in a distal direction to force medicine out through the injection needle while returning the apparatus from the cocked state to the ready state. The apparatus includes a priming mechanism for priming the injection needle with medicine from the reservoir, which priming mechanism includes a drive portion external to the housing to be manually rotatable relative to the housing. The apparatus further includes a rotation controlling mechanism that permits manual rotation of the priming mechanism drive portion in a first direction and as far as necessary to achieve priming, and that prevents manual rotation of the priming mechanism drive portion in a direction opposite to the first direction. Nevertheless, this is rather complicated operation of the device with a number of steps to be remembered and done by an untrained user. Therefore, there is a need to provide a medicament delivery device that is easier to handle for a disabled person and still preventing the medicament from accidental expulsion prior to dose delivery. At the same time there is a need to prevent damage or mismanaging of the medicament delivery device.


The present invention provides a method for preparing an ultra-thin material on insulator through adsorption by a doped ultra-thin layer. In the method, first, an ultra-thin doped single crystal film and an ultra-thin top film (or contains a buffer layer) are successively and epitaxially grown on a first substrate, and then a high-quality ultra-thin material on insulator is prepared through ion implantation and a bonding process. A thickness of the prepared ultra-thin material on insulator ranges from 5 nm to 50 nm. In the present invention, the ultra-thin doped single crystal film adsorbs the implanted ion, and a micro crack is then formed, so as to implement ion-cut; therefore, the roughness of a surface of a ion-cut material on insulator is small. In addition, an impurity atom strengthens an ion adsorption capability of the ultra-thin single crystal film, so that an ion implantation dose and the annealing temperature can be lowered in the preparation procedure, thereby effectively reducing the damage caused by the implantation to the top film, and achieving objectives of improving production efficiency and reducing the production cost.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to the technical field of microelectronics and solid state electronics, and specifically to a method for preparing an ultra-thin material on insulator through adsorption by a doped ultra-thin layer.
2. Description of Related Arts
In recent years, a silicon on insulator (SOI) material is capable of reducing, through a unique insulating buried layer structure thereof, a parasitic capacitance and a leakage current of a substrate, and is widely applied in various fields such as low-voltage, low-power-consumption, high-temperature, and radiation-resistant devices. SOI application technologies have been very mature in relevant fields, and strained silicon on insulator (sSOI) has also caught increasing attention of relevant technical personnel. Silicon germanium on insulator (SGOI) combines advantages of a silicon germanium material and the SOI, which can not only reduce a parasitic capacitance and a leakage current of a substrate, but also increase carriers' mobilities. The SGOI has also caught wide attention. To prepare a device having a smaller size and higher performance has always been an objective and an orientation in the development of the semiconductor industry, and with the very large scale integrated circuit technology achieving a level of a node of 22 nm and beyond, a higher requirement for a feature size of an integrated circuit is proposed. To further miniaturize a device based on a material on insulator, the thickness of the material on insulator is required to be thinner; therefore, an ultra-thin material on insulator emerges as the time requires.
Generally, a material on insulator is obtained by two procedures: material preparation and layer transfer, and the most common technology for implementing the layer transfer is bonding and ion-cut processes. However, in a conventional smart-cut method, a transfer layer is rather thick and the crack is large, a surface of a material on insulator obtained after ion-cut is rather rough, so it is difficult to prepare an ultra-thin material on insulator; moreover, because a rather high implantation dose is required, not only the production time and cost are increased, but also great damage is caused to the crystal, so it is more difficult to prepare a high-quality ultra-thin material on insulator.
Therefore, how to provide a method for preparing a high-quality ultra-thin material on insulator at low cost has already been a technical problem to be solved by practitioners in the art.

Method for preparing ultra-thin material on insulator through adsorption by doped ultra-thin layer

SHANGHAI INSTITUTE OF MICROSYSTEM AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES


Disclosed is a detector 10 using a liquid spray 2000 for detecting electrical faults or shorts with the detector including a body 100 having an interior 120; a hose or pipe 130 fluidly connected to interior 120; a trigger valve 140 operatively connected to hose 130; a conductor 200 attached to detector 10; and/or a pump 110 fluidly connected to interior 120. In various embodiments the detector 10 can cause liquid spray 2000 to be sprayed on a subregion of an item such as a remotely operated vehicle to create a closed electrical circuit through the liquid spray and the conductor in the detector.

This invention is directed to an electrical test probe and method for its use, particularly for use in detecting an electrical shorts or faults within the electrical circuitry of a remotely operated underwater vehicles.
It is well know by those skilled in the art that a method used to detect the presence of an electrical short or fault within the electrical circuitry of a Remotely Operated underwater Vehicle ("ROV") includes submerging into water a ROV and checking for electrical shorts or faults located somewhere in the in ROV.
However, this prior art method of short or fault detection does not allow for localized detection within the electrical circuitry of a ROV.
Consequently, there is a need for a method and apparatus for localized detection of an electrical short or fault within the electrical circuitry of a ROV.
While certain novel features of this invention shown and described below are pointed out in the annexed claims, the invention is not intended to be limited to the details specified, since a person of ordinary skill in the relevant art will understand that various omissions, modifications, substitutions and changes in the forms and details of the device illustrated and in its operation may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention. No feature of the invention is critical or essential unless it is expressly stated as being "critical" or "essential."

Remote detection of electrical fault via electrically conductive fluid probe


A wireless mouse comprises a movement detection module that detects movement of the wireless mouse. A detection module detects at least one of movement and usage of the wireless mouse during operation. The detection module consumes power at a slower rate than the movement detection module. A control module selectively powers down the movement detection module and wherein after the detection module detects the at least one of movement and usage, the control module powers up the movement detection module.

The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure.
Referring now to FIG. 1, a functional block diagram of an optical mouse 100 according to the prior art is shown. The optical mouse 100 includes a control module 102, a user interface 104, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver 106, an antenna 108, a light detecting module 110, a light generating module 112, and a battery 114.
The light generating module 112 emits light to a surface adjacent to the light generating module 112. The light generating module 112 may include a laser and/or a light emitting diode (LED). The light detecting module 110 receives reflected light from the surface. The light detecting module 110 processes the reflected light as image data, and analyzes the image data to detect movement of the optical mouse 100 relative to the surface. The control module 102 communicates with the user interface 104. The user interface 104 may include buttons, scroll wheels, tilt wheels, and/or other input devices.
The control module 102 outputs movement signals and user input data such as button clicks and/or scrolling from the user interface 104 to the RF transceiver 106. The RF transceiver 106 wirelessly communicates this data to a host (not shown) via the antenna 108. The battery 114 provides electrical power to the components of the optical mouse 100.
Since the optical mouse 100 is battery powered, it is important to reduce power consumption to prolong battery life. At least the light generating module 112 and light detecting module 110 need to be powered to detect movement of the mouse 100. Light generation and detection tends to consume relatively high power. However, the user may not use the wireless mouse for hours, days, or months on end. Some wireless optical mice may include on/off switches, which reduces power consumption and increases battery life when used. However, the user needs to remember to turn the wireless optical mouse off, which may not happen regularly.

Low power optical mouse including independent movement detection module


There is provided a light control apparatus that maintains the overall apparatus size small, increases the number of stop stages, and is suitable for both the shutter and stop actions. A light control apparatus includes a first actuator, a second actuator, a first light shielding member driven by the first actuator, and a second light shielding member driven by the second actuator, wherein in a stop adjusting action, the first and second actuators drive the first and second light shielding members and adjust an aperture formed by the first and second light shielding members, and wherein in a shutter action, the second actuator drives the second light-shielding member for a light shielding action.

The present invention relates to a light control apparatus for a stop-cum-shutter to be mounted in an optical apparatus, such as a still camera, a video camera and an interchangeable lens.
As an optical apparatus, such as a digital camera, has been made smaller, a smaller shutter unit and a smaller stop unit are required to be mounted on it. A light control apparatus (shutter-cum-stop unit) is known which serves as both a shutter and a stop, and makes the optical apparatus smaller than a combination of a shutter unit and a stop unit separately.
Japanese Patent Application, Publication No. 2002-55375 discloses a stop-cum-shutter unit that includes a pair of motors, and a pair of stop-cum-shutter blades driven by these motors. As one motor is electrified, the stop-cum-shutter unit drives both stop-cum-shutter blades to a position that forms a predetermined aperture. As the other motor is electrified while the stop state is maintained, both stop-cum-shutter blades acts as a shutter. The disclosed stop-cum-shutter unit switches actions of these two motors, and sets the apertures to two predetermined apertures and release aperture. In other words, the unit acts as a shutter as well as selecting plural apertures.
However, the above conventional stop-cum-shutter unit in which one motor drives two stop-cum-shutter blades and forms an aperture has difficulties in making the aperture shape circular and making the stop multistage. In other words, the above conventional stop-cum-shutter unit provides only three apertures, a release aperture, an aperture driven by one motor, and another aperture driven by the other motor.
One known method for increasing the number of stop stages and make circular the stop shape is that a stepping motor drives plural stop blades using another component, such as a ring member. However, use of the ring member increases the number of components, and makes the apparatus large. In addition, the stepping motor is unsuitable for quick shutter actions of plural stop blades connected to the ring member. The high-speed shutter action needs a dedicated shutter blade and a motor.
Moreover, the above conventional stop-cum-shutter unit uses the same type of actuators that enable each of the two motors to drive the stop and the shutter. It is therefore difficult to form a suitable structure for both the stop action and the shutter action.

Light control apparatus and optical apparatus


A recording material image capture device includes light sources radiating light to a recording material, an image capture element receiving the light which is reflected on a surface of the recording material, a cover member provided between the image capture element and the recording material so that the reflected light passes through the cover member, a roller pressing the recording material toward the cover member, and an output portion outputting, based on an image captured by the image capture element, a value related to the recording material to which the light is radiated. The roller is a rotating member which rotates along with movement of the recording material, and the roller includes a recess portion which is prevented from contacting with an entire portion corresponding to the image used for determining the recording material, and projecting portions which are brought into contact with the recording material.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a recording material image capture device for capturing an image (taking an image) of a surface of a recording material, and to an image forming apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
An electrophotographic image forming apparatus such as a copying machine and a laser printer includes an image bearing member for bearing a latent image, a developing device for visualizing the latent image as a developer image by applying a developer to the image bearing member, a transfer unit for transferring the developer image, which is formed by the developing device, onto a recording material conveyed in a predetermined direction under predetermined transfer conditions, and a fixing device for fixing the developer image onto the recording material by heating and pressurizing, under predetermined fixing conditions, the recording material onto which the developer image is transferred by the transfer unit.
Conventionally, in such an image forming apparatus, the size and the type of the recording material are set by a user through a control panel or the like of the image forming apparatus. The image forming apparatus is controlled so that the transfer conditions (for example, the transfer bias voltage or the speed of conveying the recording material in transfer) or the fixing conditions (for example, the fixing temperature or the speed of conveying the recording material in fixing) are set in accordance with the settings.
In recent years, there has also been proposed an image forming apparatus which determines the type of the recording material using a sensor for determining the recording material in the image forming apparatus and controls to set the transfer conditions or the fixing conditions in accordance with the result of the determination.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-266432 describes determination of the smoothness of a surface of a recording material with high accuracy by radiating light at a relatively small angle (about 10 to 15 degrees) with respect to the surface of the recording material to be detected, producing a shadow due to unevenness on the surface of the recording material, and capturing an image of the shadow.
Japanese Patent No. 4,447,975 describes suppression of flaps of a recording material by providing an urging plate opposed to a detecting portion of an optical sensor and pressing, with the urging plate, the recording material against the detecting portion of the optical sensor when the recording material to be detected is conveyed.
In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-266432, light is radiated at a relatively small angle (about 10 to 15 degrees) with respect to the surface of the recording material and a shadow is produced due to unevenness on the surface of the recording material. When an image of the shadow is captured, during the period in which the recording material to be detected is conveyed, the vertical positional variations (flaps) of the recording material are generated to the extent higher than assumed. In such a case, if the property of the surface of the recording material cannot be optically captured with high accuracy, the accuracy of determining the recording material is reduced.
Therefore, as in Japanese Patent No. 4,447,975, the flaps may be suppressed by providing a light transmissive member which passes through light to the side of a sensor for capturing an image of the surface of the recording material and pressing, with the urging plate, the recording material against the light transmissive member. However, depending on the pressing force of the urging plate and the type of the recording material, the light transmissive member is repeatedly rubbed against the conveyed recording material and thus is damaged.
In this case, the sensor for capturing an image of the surface of the recording material receives light which passes through the damaged light transmissive member, and irregular reflection components are increased by the damage. Therefore, there is a problem in that an image of a shadow on the surface of the recording material cannot be captured with high accuracy.

Recording material image capture device and image forming apparatus


Variations of a bumper systems are disclosed. A bumper system may have one or more rotatable members and/or non-rotatable members configured to protect a vessel or structure during docking maneuvers and mooring. The rotatable and non-rotatable members may be located at any one or more desired locations on the vessel and/or its mooring. In use, rotatable members are rotated from a first rotational position to a second rotational position. Various components of the bumper system may be configured to provide protection due to their compressibility, tiltability, flexibility and/or moveability. The connection between a rotatable member and its substrate may serve as an axis of rotation of the rotatable member, may be configured to include one or more mechanisms for rotating the rotatable member and may also include mechanisms for absorbing and/or dissipating the energy transmitted during physical interactions between vessels, and/or structures. The rotatable and non-rotatable members may be configured to extend from a surface to which they are connected, and the bumper system may also be configured such that a boundary is formed between one or more rotatable members, non-rotatable members, and the substrate to which they are connected. Methods for manufacturing and using bumper systems according to the described configurations are also disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to bumper systems for lessening and/or preventing damage due to impact between two or more objects.
2. Background Art
Boats and other marine vessels and structures are subject to damage when moored. Wind and waves have the tendency of moving a floating vessel with respect to its mooring, whether the mooring is stationary or floating. Relative movement of a vessel with respect to its mooring often causes the vessel to hit and/or slide against the mooring, possibly damaging the vessel and/or its mooring. Although the risk of damage to a moored vessel is increased when the mooring is in a fixed position, mooring to a floating structure or a second vessel may also result in damage due to relative movement, as the vessel and its mooring will likely not be in perfect synchronicity of movement.
As shown in FIG. 1A, in order to lessen the occurrence and magnitude of damage due to contact between a vessel and its mooring, most marine vessels include a relatively tough elastomeric rubrail 2, usually extending along the circumference of the vessel hull, typically at its widest point. The rubrail 2 extends outwardly from the hull 4 such that it will contact an object, such as a mooring, before such an object contacts and damages the hull 4. The rubrail 2 will typically have an energy-absorbing configuration, often including elastomeric materials, foam, and combinations thereof.
Moorings often include a similar configuration along their periphery (shown at 5 in FIG. 1C) and the pilings (7 in FIG. 1C) of fixed moorings are often padded along some vertical portion of their height to provide some modicum of protection. The materials used with such approaches are typically thin so that they do not greatly extend from the hull 4 and/or mooring and are often relatively tough due to a desire for durability, particularly on moorings. Protective devices on a mooring are usually placed at set locations predicted to make contact with particular configurations of vessels and may not be suitably located for other types of vessels. Furthermore, certain problematic interactions between vessel and mooring, such as the possibility of some portion of the vessel dropping below and then catching on the bottom edge of the mooring, are not sufficiently resolved by such approaches, and in some cases may be exacerbated. Vertical displacement of a vessel is quite common due to waves, rising and falling tides, and shifting or varying loads.
As shown in FIGS. 1B-1C, another approach to lessening the likelihood and extent of damage caused by relative movement of a vessel with respect to its mooring is to hang individual fenders 3 along the sides of the vessel. A fender 3 protects a vessel and/or its mooring by cushioning an impact between the two. Such fenders 3 will typically be suspended along the sides of a vessel and/or mooring by an operator. Because the fenders 3 are typically connected by one end and therefore able to move with relative freedom, a suboptimal alignment or positioning may result, lessening their ability to protect a moored vessel from impact with its mooring. Furthermore, placement of a fender 3 under particular conditions may result in a significant decrease in fender 3 effectiveness when those conditions change such as may occur due to wave or tidal action, or a shifting or varying load, as shown in FIG. 1D.
As shown in FIGS. 1E-1F, the configuration and deployment of traditional fenders 3 typically will render them relatively ineffective in protecting certain portions of a vessel, which may be damaged due to wave or tidal action lowering the vessel with respect to its mooring such that an edge of the vessel may orient under a portion of its mooring, resulting in damage as the vessel rises with respect to the mooring. Certain fenders have been configured to partly address this problem, by extending up the side of a vessel and along a portion of the top of the outer edge of the vessel. Such fenders are typically more bulky than standard fenders and still susceptible to displacement from a desired alignment, lessening their effectiveness.
Furthermore, traditional deployable fenders 3 require storage, typically within the relatively limited confines of the vessel. Such fenders 3 will also require that one or more operators manually deploy and secure each fender 3, based upon a prediction of possible interactions between vessel and mooring. This difficulty is compounded when the individual deploying the fenders 3 is also responsible for operating the vessel during docking maneuvers. Due to operator error, and the difficulty of estimating all possible interactions between vessel and mooring, the deployment of traditional fenders 3 may not result in an optimal protection of the vessel and/or mooring. In addition, such fenders 3 are prone to being lost overboard when being deployed or removed.
Accordingly, it is desirable to have an efficient protective apparatus that is easily used and effective in protecting a vessel and/or mooring from damage due to relative movement and/or other interactions. It is further desirable to have such an apparatus that may be easily and/or remotely deployed and properly positioned.


A photoconductive drum device is inserted into and removed from an image forming device main body, horizontally from a side of the image forming device main body. The photoconductive drum device includes a frame, a photoconductive drum and a cover. The photoconductive drum is supported rotatably on the frame under a state in which a part of an outer circumferential surface of the photoconductive drum is exposed. The cover is supported on the frame in a manner capable of swinging. In response to an insertion of the photoconductive drum device into the image forming device main body, the cover swings to an opened position so as not to block off a light path an exposure ray irradiated toward the exposed part of the photoconductive drum. In response to a removal of the photoconductive drum device from the image forming device main body, the cover swings to a closed position to cover the exposed part of the photoconductive drum.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a photoconductive drum device having a frame, a photoconductive drum supported rotatably on the frame under a state in which a part of an outer circumferential surface of the photoconductive drum is exposed, and a cover supported on the frame in a manner capable of swinging for protecting the photoconductive drum.
2. Description of Related Art
An open-and-close cover is provided on a main body of an image forming device such as a copying machine, a facsimile machine and a printer. In a conventional image forming device, after the open-and-close cover is opened and an inner part of the device main body is exposed, a user can carry out maintenance work on a photoconductive drum device or the like provided removably in the device main body. In such a conventional image forming device, the open-and-close cover is provided at an upper part of the device main body. When the open-and-close cover is opened, a process cartridge including a photoconductive drum can be removed from an upper side of the device main body. An openable and closable shutter mechanism for covering an exposed part of the photoconductive drum is provided on the process cartridge to prevent the hand of the user or the like from making contact with the exposed part of the photoconductive drum.
The process cartridge includes a shutter, a supporting member, an elastic member and a force receiving member. The shutter protects the photoconductive drum and is supported by the supporting member. The shutter can move between a protection position and a receded position. At the protection position, the shutter protects the photoconductive drum. The receded position is located at a rear side of the protection position in a direction in which the process cartridge is inserted into the device main body. The elastic member urges the shutter toward the protection position by an elastic force of the elastic member. The force receiving member is provided on the supporting member and is used for inserting the process cartridge into the device main body. The force receiving member makes contact with an edge of an opening provided on an upper surface of the device main body and receives a force to move the shutter backward in the inserting direction against the elastic force of the elastic member. Since the process cartridge has the above-described structure, when the process cartridge is inserted into the device main body, the shutter can be opened automatically, and when the process cartridge is removed, the shutter can be closed automatically.


The subject invention pertains to formulations comprising poly(menthyl acrylate) nanoparticles comprising at least one active ingredient contained in a plurality of hydrophobic carriers and dispersed in an aqueous medium. The subject invention further pertains to methods of polymerization of drug loaded nanoparticles made up of methyl acrylate monomers in an aqueous emulsion.

There has been increasing interest within the scientific community in the use of nanoparticles. With easily altered frameworks, these nanoparticles can be manipulated for various properties and diverse applications. One area of focus is the study of nanoparticles as a system for drug delivery. The growing antibiotic resistance of harmful microbes, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), has emerged as one of the dominating concerns of today's public health system, causing scientists to look for ways to circumvent this resistance through drug delivery methods and systems.

Menthol-based nanoparticles for drug delivery


Data stream touch instructions are software-directed asynchronous prefetch instructions that can improve the performance of a system. Ideally, such instructions are used in perfect synchronization with the actual memory fetches that are trying to speed up. In practical situations, it is difficult to predict ahead of time all side effects of these instructions and memory access latency/throughput during execution of any large program. Incorrect usage of such instructions can cause degraded performance of the system. Thus, it is advantageous to measure the performance of such instructions.

The present invention relates in general to data processing systems, and in particular, to performance monitoring of events in data processing systems.
In typical computer systems utilizing processors, system developers desire optimization of execution software for more effective system design. Usually, studies of a program""s access patterns to memory and interaction with a system""s memory hierarchy are performed to determine system efficiency. Understanding the memory hierarchy behavior aids in developing algorithms that schedule and/or partition tasks, as well as distribute and structure data for optimizing the system.
Performance monitoring is often used in optimizing the use of software in a system. A performance monitor is generally regarded as a facility incorporated into a processor to monitor selected characteristics to assist in the debugging and analyzing of systems by determining a machine""s state at a particular point in time. Often, the performance monitor produces information relating to the utilization of a processor""s instruction execution and storage control. For example, the performance monitor can be utilized to provide information regarding the amount of time that has passed between events in a processing system. The information produced usually guides system architects toward ways of enhancing performance of a given system or of developing improvements in the design of a new system.
The present invention provides a representation of the use of software-directed asynchronous prefetch instructions that occur during execution of a program within a processing system. Ideally, the instructions are used in perfect synchronization with the actual memory fetches that they are trying to speed up. In practical situations, it is difficult to predict ahead of time all side effects of these instructions and memory access latencies/throughput during the execution of any large program. Incorrect usage of such software-directed asynchronous prefetch instructions can cause degraded performance of the system.
Understanding the efficient use of these instructions is not enough in itself to solve all memory access performance problems. It is necessary to identify the most prevalent causes for limitations in the memory subsystem bandwidth. Then, the most appropriate solutions to increase memory bandwidth can be determined.
The present invention concerns the measuring of the effectiveness of such software-directed asynchronous prefetch instructions (xe2x80x9csdapisxe2x80x9d). The sdapis are used in a context such as video streaming. Prefetching data in this context is unlike that of prefetching instructions based on an instruction sequence or branch instruction history. It is assumed in the video streaming context that data location is virtually unknowable without software direction. One consequence, then, is that it is a reasonable assumption that virtually every software-directed prefetch results in a cache hit, which would not be a hit in the absence of the software-directed prefetch.
Assume that a program, or a simulation of a program, is running with sdapis (program execution without sdapis is expected to be slower). The number of clock cycles for running the program is counted. In a first aspect, the invention deduces that performance is improved, compared to not running sdapis, according to the reduction in memory access misses, i.e., increase in cache hits, wherein it is assumed that each instance of sdapis causes a cache hit that otherwise would have been a cache miss. In terms of cycles, this is expressed as average cache miss penalties cycles times the number of cache misses avoided (i.e., increase in cache hits). Another aspect, concerns measuring well-timed sdapis and poorly-timed sdapis. The extent of well-timed and poorly-timed sdapis is deduced by counting certain events, as described herein, that concern instances where sdapis result in loading data and the data is not used at all, or not used soon enough to avoid being cast out, and measuring certain time intervals in the case of instances where sdapis result in loading data and the data is used. Another aspect concerns measuring an extent to which sdapis impede certain memory management functions. This extent is deduced by counting certain disclosed events involving tablewalks and translation lookaside buffer castouts. Another aspect concerns measuring an extent to which sdapis are contemplated, but stopped. Events concerning cancellations and suspensions are disclosed. In another aspect, the above measurements are included in numerous streams.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter which form the subject of the claims of the invention.


An image signal treatment apparatus prevents degradation of picture quality which can occur because of various interferences phenomena arising from causes such as a hanging dot and its motion. The inventive apparatus performs proper correlation by taking into account the motion components of a composite image signal during Y/C signal separation. The inventive apparatus separates the luminance and chrominance signals of the composite image signal according to the motion components with respect to the composite image signal during separation. The apparatus is provided with filters which output luminance and chrominance signals by filtering the composite image signal horizontally, vertically and temporally. Motion detection circuitry outputs detection coefficients by detecting vertical and horizontal motion of the composite image signal. Mixers are provided to mix the luminance and chrominance signals outputted from the filters according to the detection coefficients of the respective motion detection circuitry. Adders add respectively the luminance and chrominance signals from the mixers, and amplifiers amplify and output respectively the luminance and chrominance signals outputted from the adders.

The present invention relates to an image signal processing apparatus, and more particularly to a motion-adaptive type luminance (Y) and chrominance (C) signal separator which can improve picture quality by separating luminance and chrominance signals based on vertical and horizontal motion components which arise during the separation of luminance (Y) and chrominance (C) signals from composite image signals.
Conventionally, in order to process luminance and chrominance signals, first they were separated from composite image signals, and then were separated using a comb filter.
However, in using a comb filter to separate Y and C signals, picture quality was degraded because of failure to consider the issue of correlation between motion components of the signals. As a result, the conventional method was unable to prevent various interference phenomena such as those caused by a so-called hanging dot and its motion.
A hanging dot arises from the following situation. FIGS. 1A and 1B represent a portion of a color carrier signal before and after processing through a comb filter, respectively. In FIG. 1A, the central part of the color carrier signal portion has both a luminance and a chrominance signal component, whereas the outer part has only a luminance signal component. There is a boundary between the two. In FIG. 1B, after being passed through a comb filter, the boundary has dotted portions on at least two sides. Those dotted boundary parts are caused by a hanging dot, which can move along that boundary part to provide the dotted effect shown in FIG. 1B.
In view of this problem, it would be desirable to consider effects of motion components of the signals during separation, thus taking into account the need for correlation.


A computer reservation system matches vehicle ratings using a central database. Vehicle information and rental equipment information are stored in the central database. A user specifies a vehicle description including make, model, and year of the vehicle on a website. The central database is searched based on the vehicle description to find related vehicle information including physical characteristics of the vehicle. The rental equipment in the central database is identified which is compatible with the vehicle as determined by a comparison of the rental equipment information to the vehicle information. The physical characteristics of the vehicle are compared to physical characteristics of the rental equipment to determine compatibility between the vehicle and the rental equipment. The compatible rental equipment is displayed on the website for the user.

Many businesses provide reservation services for customers to schedule the rental or use of goods and services offered by the business. The travel industry uses reservations to schedule airline flights, hotels, and rental cars. The moving and storage industry uses reservation services to arrange for rental and use of trucks and trailers for moving, equipment for loading and unloading, and storage units for holding customer belongs. In the self-serve moving and storage business, a customer may reserve a certain size truck or trailer and any needed moving equipment and supplies for some number of days. By making a reservation, the customer can plan the move and pick up the truck or trailer on the scheduled day with reasonable certainty that everything will be available and operational.
With the wide availability of computer communications and the use of the internet many businesses make reservations available on company websites. For example, a customer needing to reserve a rental truck may visit a truck rental company website and find a user-friendly, menu-driven webpage designed to simplify the reservation process. The webpage will include descriptions and pictures of goods and services offered by the truck rental company, alternatives and advise to assist the customer, and pricing information, all designed to make the reservation and rental process as smooth, convenient, and efficient as possible. The customer makes the reservation by entering basic information such as name, address, telephone number, email address, selection of rental equipment and supplies, pick-up location and time, drop-off location and time, and credit card number.
The customer has many choices in reserving rental equipment. One of the more common reservation requests made to the truck rental company is to rent a truck and/or trailer for moving customer belongings. Sometimes the customer wants to reserve a rental truck to tow the customer's trailer. Sometimes the customer wants to reserve a rental trailer to be towed by the customer's vehicle. The customer may want to reserve both the rental truck and rental trailer in support of the planned move. The customer may already have the truck and trailer and simply need moving supplies and towing advice.
In selecting the rental equipment from the truck company website, the customer may have a good idea of the moving task at hand and the available budget and selects a certain size and capacity truck and/or trailer accordingly. However, the truck rental company generally has very little insight into the customer's moving plans. Moreover, the customer does not always convey all information to the truck rental company which is material and relevant for a trouble-free rental experience. For example, the customer may reserve a small truck without disclosing the fact that the rental truck will be used to tow a large customer trailer. For the customer, price may be the primary consideration. If the rental truck is under-rated to tow the customer's trailer, the customer can experience problems in route. Alternatively, the customer may rent a large trailer and arrive to pick up the rental trailer with an under-rated vehicle. Depending on the circumstances, the truck rental company technician may be compelled to look-up customer vehicle ratings and possibly deny the rental based on safety and liability issues. Compatibility issues between the tow vehicle and the vehicle to be towed are either not addressed or are only considered at the time that the rental equipment is picked up, which is a difficult time to bring up problems.
One type of rental trailer used to tow customer vehicles is known as a tow dolly or auto transport. The tow dolly is the two wheel version where the back wheels of the customer's vehicle being towed run on the road. The auto transport is the four wheel version which supports the entire customer vehicle to be towed. There are prior experiences and issues, known to the truck rental company, with using tow dollies and auto transports. For example, certain vehicles are known to scrape bottom when loading onto the tow dolly. Other vehicles cannot open their doors without banging the sides when loaded on the auto transport. The customer may become irritated if these issues are not disclosed up front, especially if actual or perceived damage ensues.
Even if the reservation agent makes inquiries regarding the customer's vehicle and/or trailer and moving intentions, the customer may not understand the questions or know the requested information. The reservation agent may not be able to translate the customer's answers into further questions to determine whether the overall moving plan is viable. The truck rental company can lose sales because the reservation agent and customer have difficulty communicating and cannot reach accord.

System and method of matching vehicle ratings using a central database


Systems, apparatuses and methods may provide for technology that generates a sequence of predictive maps based on a sequence of historical maps and overlays the sequence of predictive maps on one another to obtain a map overlay. The technology may also apply an attenuation factor to the map overlay. In one example, the map overlay includes a grid of cells and each cell includes an occupation probability in accordance with the attenuation factor.

Autonomous robots may use a navigation software stack to control the movement of the robot from one place to another. The navigation software stack solutions may simply adjust the pose and speed of the robot when the distance between the robot and an obstacle (e.g., person, furniture, wall, etc.) is less than a preset safety distance. Such an approach may be difficult to control and may involve the use of high frequency sensors to ensure safety. Accordingly, conventional autonomous robots may be relatively expensive, which may in turn hinder widespread adoption of the technology.


Methods and systems for providing gesture support for shared sessions are shown and described. One method includes facilitating the establishment of a first and second connection with a first and second computing device, negotiating gesture capabilities with the first and second computing devices, receiving gesture inputs from the first and second computing devices, reconciling the gesture inputs, and transmitting a modified shared session window to the first and second computing devices.

Mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers, can execute operating systems that are touch, multi-touch, or stylus friendly. These operating systems often allow users to interface with menus and applications using a touch screen with either a finger or other means or a stylus as an input device. Touch friendly devices can be used in web conference applications, including shared sessions such as shared electronic white boards.


An axial compliance mechanism of a scroll compressor is installed between a compressor housing and a scroll. The housing has a first shell and a second shell. The first shell defines a chamber and has a guiding part at one end of and in communication with the interior of the chamber. The scroll has a fixed scroll member and an orbiting scroll member. A plurality of compression pockets is formed between these two scroll members. A rear surface of the fixed scroll member has a protrusion matching the guiding part of the first shell and a venting hole in communication with the compression chambers. A sealing device is installed between the guiding part and the protrusion, and a negative pressure chamber is formed. Thereby, the working fluid is guided into the negative pressure chamber during operation, so as to provide a tight attachment between the fixed scroll member and the orbiting scroll member, such that the volume efficiency of the compressor is enhanced.

The present invention relates in general to an axial compliance mechanism of a scroll compressor, and more particularly, to a structure for improving axial sealing compliance of a scroll.
A typical scroll compressor includes two scroll members, namely, a fixed scroll and an orbiting scroll. The orbiting scroll revolves about the fixed scroll. In compression operation, the fixed scroll and the orbiting scroll each has an involute wrap inter-fitting each other to allow working fluid entering a compression chamber through a suction port thereof. The continuous revolutions of the orbiting scroll further provide compression of the working fluid until the working fluid is discharged from an inner discharge port of the fixed scroll to complete the compression process of the working fluid. During the compression operation, the volume of the working fluid is reduced, while the pressure thereof is increased. Thereby, axial force, radial force and tangential force are created. The axial force tends to cause axial separation of these two scroll members. The radial and tangential forces generate biasing torques. The axial, radial and tangential forces cause leakage from the end panels or the side surfaces of the wraps. How to enhance the volume efficiency of the compressor has thus become an important topic in this field.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,256,044, the pressurized working fluid is guided at the back surface of the orbiting scroll member to closely attach the orbiting scroll member to the fixed scroll member, so as to achieve an axial sealing effect. However, as the orbiting scroll member has to overcome the axial force and the biasing torques, an excessive pressure is typically resulted to cause unwanted frictional damage. The lifetime of the compressor is thus greatly reduced.
In the Taiwanese Patent No. 263024, a compressor having a top shell, bottom shell, a fixed scroll, a orbiting scroll and a spacer is disclosed. Each of the top and bottom shells has a cavity. The top shell has a venting hole formed on one side thereof. The top shell is soldered or welded on top of the bottom shell. The bottom shell includes the fixed scroll and the orbiting scroll each having an involute wrap inter-fitting each other. The top surface of the fixed scroll includes a protruding tubular neck. A spacer is firmly installed in the top shell. The center of the spacer is opened with a hole allowing the tubular neck of the fixed scroll to extend through. A plurality of through holes is formed at an adequate distance to the hole of the spacer. The through holes provide connections of various pressure supply devices. Thereby, an axial compliance mechanism of a scroll compressor is formed.
However, as the spacer is fixed in the top shell, and the fixed and orbiting scrolls are fixed in the bottom shell, lateral force and deformation are inevitable during the welding process. As the concentric requirement between the hole of the spacer, the tubular neck of the fixed scroll and the rotation part of the motor is rather high, the yield is typically low. Further, to stably maintain the pressure balance of the spacer, the pressure supply devices and related members have to be spaced by 120° with each other. When many devices are required by the compressor, this greatly increases material and fabrication cost. In addition, when the working fluid is discharged from the venting port of the top shell, the pressure applied to the pressurizing members is uneven to cause unbalance by the fixed scroll, such that high noise and friction between devices are generated.

Axial compliance mechanism of scroll compressor


An aspirating roller (1) for transferring labels, comprising at least a pair of pads (20;21) projecting relative to a lateral surface (1a) of the roller (1). The roller (1) is characterised in that at least a portion of the lateral surface (1a) of the roller (1) present between the pads (20;21) is elastically deformable. A method for removing/mounting an elastically deformable plate-like element (6), of the type present between a pair of pads (20;21) and defining a lateral surface (1a) of a roller (1) for transferring labels.

The present invention relates to a roller for transferring labels of the aspirating type, comprising at least a pair of pads projecting relative to a lateral surface of the roller, and a related method.
It is well known that rollers for transferring labels are used in labelling machines, in which a film of labels is unwound from a reel and is routed towards a cutting device, which cuts it to form the labels to be glued on a container.
The label thus formed always has substantially rectangular or square contour and it has two vertical and parallel edges.
The transfer roller, rotating at a predetermined speed about a normally vertical axis, picks up the label and transfers it in correspondence with gluing means and subsequently onto the container to be labelled.
Specifically, the gluing means lay a first strip of glue along a rear face of a first vertical edge of the label and subsequently lay a second strip of glue on a second vertical edge, which will be superposed and glued to the first edge. In accordance with a known variant, there are gluing means which are capable of laying the glue in points, instead of along one or more strips. The containers to be labelled are brought into contact with the roller for transferring the label by means of a linear or rotary transport, commonly called carrousel.
According to a first prior art technique, the transfer roller is provided with a group of pincers so shaped as to keep the label adherent to the lateral surface of the roller.
Such a transfer roller has the important drawback of being extremely complex to build, because it requires a system of cams, suitably dimensioned to open and close the pincers during the rotation of the roller. In the second place, a labelling machine provided with such a roller is not suitable for bottling plants with high production rates, because of the reduced velocities of rotation of the roller.
According to a second prior art technique, within a roller lacking pincers, a plurality of cavities communicating with a lateral surface of the roller by means of a series of through holes is obtained. Subsequently, through said cavities, a suction of variable and controlled intensity is taken in such a way that the labels can adhere to the lateral surface of the roller during their transfer from the cutting device to the container.
The lateral surface of the rollers is also provided with a plurality of recesses for collecting the residues of glue which tend to be deposited on the suction holes, m order not to compromise their operation. Said residues are caused by the contact between the label and the gluing means and their size in influenced by the velocity of rotation of the roller.
An aspirating transfer roller can be employed for labelling both containers made of plastic material, typically PET, and glass containers.
However, in this latter case, use of a roller of the aspirating type has the important drawback of causing the rupture of the containers, due to the contact, during the labelling operation, between the lateral surface of the roller and the containers.
The lateral surface of the roller is usually made of steel or otherwise of another material with high rigidity, suitable to allow an adequate relative sliding between the label and the roller, when transferring the label on the container.
Glass containers, which usually have very poor dimensional tolerances, considerably complicate the operations of setting up and correctly calibrating the labelling machine, and thus often come violently in contact with the transfer roller.
Consequently, since glass is a rigid, but extremely fragile material, the containers are unavoidably broken, with the inevitable escape of liquid and downtime of the machine for cleaning and maintenance, which leads to considerable productivity losses for the plant.
In the sector of PET containers, this problem is not encountered, since, although there is a contact between the containers and the lateral surface of the roller, the containers themselves absorb, becoming deformed, the forces the develop in the point of contact.

Roller for transferring labels and related method


A method of dynamically hosting an application program on a wireless device, a content of the application partitioned into a plurality of module envelopes, each of the module envelopes having a portion of the modules comprising the application, the method comprising the steps of initializing the loading of the application comprising referencing an application information structure, the structure comprising relational information of the module envelopes, selecting one of the module envelopes from the plurality of the module envelopes according to the relational information, configuring a state of the selected module envelope according to a predefined envelope state, the envelope state being selected from a set of envelope states comprising at least two states selected from the group comprising an offline state, an executable state, and a raw state for conversion to the executable state, and providing the selected module envelope, when configured in the executable state, to an application manager for changing the configuration of the application on the device according to the configured module envelope.

The present application relates to application hosting on a resource limited device.
There is a continually increasing number of mobile devices in use today, such as mobile telephones, PDAs with wireless communication capabilities and two-way pagers. Software applications which run on these devices increase their utility. For example, a mobile phone may include an application which retrieves the weather for a range of cities, or a PDA may include an application that allows a user to shop for groceries. These software applications take advantage of the connectivity to a network in order to provide timely and useful services to users. However, due to the restricted resources of some devices, and the complexity of delivering large amounts of data to the devices, developing and maintaining the software applications remains a difficult and time-consuming task.
Applications are generally represented in different forms as suits the environment in which they are evaluated. For example, a human may evaluate an application more readily when it contains symbols and descriptive content that are familiar to the reader. This description of an application can be small in size due to the language of expression. One disadvantage is that the processor of a device executing the application cannot recognize human readable form and therefore produces a complied machine readable format. The processor typically evaluates an application in a native format. In order to permit evaluation by a machine the original application content must be subjected to a conversion process. During this process the representation of the application content can grow in size. In this state the content requires additional overhead in terms of storage space, but provides the better performance for execution.
Systems and methods are provided for flexible application hosting to obviate or mitigate at least some of the above presented disadvantages.

System and method for flexible application hosting on a wireless device


The present invention provides a compound having the structure: ##STR1## The present invention also provides a method for synthesizing a compound having the above-identified structure as well as the intermediate compounds produced according to that method. The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above compounds. Lastly, the present invention provides a method of inhibiting growth of tumor cells.

Throughout this application, various publications are referenced. The disclosures of these publications in their entirety are hereby incorporated by reference into this application in order to more fully describe the state of the art as known to those skilled therein as of the date of the invention described and claimed herein.
Several 9-acridones have been found to exhibit anticancer activity. 9-Acridone derivatives with or without a dialkylaminoalkyl side chain attached to the N-position were synthesized and studied for their antitumor activity (Radzikowski et al., Archvm. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 1971; 19: 219). Among these, N-(N-dialkylamino)ethyl-1-nitro-9-acridones were shown to have antitumor activity in the S-180 system in vivo and these have undergone extensive preclinical testing (Pelczarska et al., Archvm. Immumnol. Ther. Exp. 1973; 22: 823). It Was also reported that the bis-cationic side-chain substituted 9-acridone can act as an acceptable chromophore for DNA intercalation. (Wright et al., Biochemistry 1980; 19: 5825).
Recently, the structure-activity relationships of fifty natural acridone alkaloids for their effects on the inhibition of cell growth and macromolecule biosynthesis of human promyelocytic leukemic cells has been studied. (Chou et al., Phytotherapy Res. 1989; 3: 237). It was found that twenty three out of the fifty alkaloids were more active than acronycine, an antineoplastic alkaloid used in clinical trails (Svoboda et al., J. Pharm. Sci. 1966; 55: 758-768). For inhibition of cell growth of human leukemic HL-60 cell lines in vitro, the most potent compound in this series was TSA-35 (1,6-dihydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxy-10-methyl-9-acridone, or glyfoline), with IC.sub.50 of 1.1 .mu.M. TSA-35 was originally isolated from Glycosmic citrifolia (Wild.) Lindl. (Rutaceae) in a minute amount by Wu et al. (Wu, T. S. and Furukawa, H., Heterocycles 1982; 19: 1047). It has not been reported to date that the known natural alkaloid, 1,6-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxy-9-acridone exhibits antitumor activity. The chemical synthesis of this alkaloid and structurally similar compounds also has not been reported to date.

Multisubstituted 1-hydroxy-9-acridones with anticancer activity

Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research


A generator apparatus can provide generated power fit for a connected battery, and even if a load voltage is not within a suitable range, when the load voltage is a certain level or more, the generator can provide power. A selector 25 selects a target voltage for controlling the output voltage of a rectifier 2. An output controller 34 controls the rectifier 2 according to the target. A load judgment section 35 judges the terminal voltage of a battery 19. When the terminal voltage is within an allowable range with respect to the target value, permission for output is given to the output controller 34. When the load voltage is not within the allowable range, an alarm is raised. Even when the alarm is raised, if a load voltage develops which is not less than a predetermined voltage lower than the allowable range, the battery 19 can be charged by forced-output.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a generator apparatus and, in particular, to a generator apparatus capable of outputting a comparatively large direct current and detecting the occurrence of an abnormality with ease.
2. Description of the Related Art
A generator apparatus having a generator which is driven by an engine or the like has been conventionally widely employed as the power supply of an electric appliance especially used for outdoor works and for leisure-time activities. Further, in recent years, the uses of the generator apparatus are spreading also to the back-up power supply, that is, the so-called uniterruptible power supply (UPS) for computers and the like. When the generator apparatus of this kind is constructed as a generator apparatus for outputting a direct current, there is a tendency that the generator is required to be small in size and to be able to output a comparatively low voltage and a large current. In the generator required to output a large current like this, a larger size of wire for an output winding is needed and a higher level of consideration is required to be given also to a dielectric breakdown voltage between windings and a material for insulator.
Hence, the present applicant proposed a generator apparatus that could be reduced in the wire diameter of an output winding and could be reduced in the capacity of a power device (Japanese Utility Model Registration No. 2511843). In a device in accordance with this registered utility model, a plurality of power supply units independent of each other are formed, respectively, of a plurality of output windings that are wound independently of each other around the same iron core and thyristor bridge rectifier circuits connected to the plurality of output windings, and the outputs of the power supply units are connected in parallel, thereby being integrated into one output.
When the generator apparatus disclosed in the above-described patent document is used for charging a battery, that is, when a battery is connected as a load of the generator, a charging voltage needs to be changed according to the voltage specification of the battery. For this reason, it is thought that a selector switch is provided to change the output of the generator for each battery to be connected. However, it is complicated to check the voltage specification and to operate the selector switch every time a battery is connected. Further, if an operation of changing output is performed by mistake, the battery is excessively charged or cannot be sufficiently charged.


A semiconductor integrated circuit device includes a semiconductor substrate including a main chip region and a pad region, a multi-layer pad structure on the pad region of the semiconductor substrate, a redistribution pad through the semiconductor substrate and in contact with a bottom surface of the multi-layer pad structure, the redistribution pad being electrically connected to the multi-layer pad structure, a trench belt through the semiconductor substrate and surrounding the redistribution pad, the trench belt electrically isolating the redistribution pad and a portion of the semiconductor substrate adjacent to the redistribution pad, and a connection terminal on the redistribution pad, the connection terminal electrically connecting the redistribution pad to an external source.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention relate to a semiconductor integrated circuit device and a method of fabricating the same. More particularly, embodiments of the present invention relate to a semiconductor integrated circuit device with a simplified structure and a method of fabricating the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
As electronic devices become smaller, lighter, and thinner, semiconductor integrated circuits in electronic devices may require smaller, lighter, and thinner dimensions as well. Accordingly, semiconductor package technology has evolved from, e.g., a dual in line package (DIP), a small outline with J-lead (SOJ), and a quad flat package (QFP), into, e.g., a ball grid array (BGA) and a chip scale package (CSP). Further, attempts have been made to improve package technology, e.g., a system in package (SiP), a package in package (PiP), a flip chip stacked-CSP (FCS-CSP), and so forth.
Package technology refers to implementation of a three-dimensional package structure of a system at a package level. The conventional implementation of package technology may include use of stack technology, embedded technology for embedding active and passive devices with chips, and through silicon via (TSV) technology.
The TSV technology may connect individual parts or chips to each other using thousands of micro-wires to facilitate signal exchange therebetween. In particular, the conventional TSV technology may include forming hole patterns on a semiconductor substrate in order to form micro-wires and forming an insulation film in order to electrically isolate the micro-wires from the semiconductor substrate. The number of required processes in the conventional TLV, however, may be large, so production of a semiconductor integrated circuit device may be complicated. Further, the large number of processes in the conventional TLV may increase production costs of the semiconductor integrated circuit device, while reducing processing efficiency thereof. Consequently, productivity of the semiconductor integrated circuit device may be reduced.

Semiconductor integrated circuit device and method of fabricating the same