A method and apparatus transcode an image. An encoded input bitstream of the image is analyzed to obtain a structure of the encoded input bitstream, in which the image includes a region-of-interest and a background region, and in which the encoded input bitstream is a stream of packets. A first quality value for the region-of-interest and a second quality value for the background region are determined. An encoded output bitstream is composed from a subset of the packets selected from the encoded input bitstream according to the structure, in which the subset of packets includes a first set of packets corresponding to the region-of-interest having the first quality value, a second set of packets corresponding to the background region and having second quality value, and empty packets.

Video surveillance, cellular telephones, digital cameras, printers, scanners, facsimile, copiers, medical imaging, satellite imaging, the Internet, and compound documents have increased the demand for image and video applications. However, due to limited resources such as bandwidth, storage and processors, high quality images are often not possible. The quality of an image depends on the number of pixels in the image and the number of bits that are allocated to each pixel. For example, a 1024×1024 pixel image with 24 bits for each pixel will be a 25 Mb high quality color image, while a 10×10 pixel image with 1 bit per pixel will be a 100 bit low quality black and white 'thumbnail' image.
One solution distinguishes a region-of-interest (ROI) in an image from background regions. More bits are used to encode the ROI than the background regions. By allocating more bits to the ROI than the background regions, the total number of bits used to encode the image can be reduced without decreasing the perceived resolution and quality of the ROI in the encoded image. Fewer bits reduce the required resources.
One ROI encoding method selectively scales up wavelet transformed coefficients for ROIs, Atsumi et al., "Lossy/lossless region-of-interest image coding based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees," IEEE Proceeding of ICIP, October 1998. The ROIs are also transferred at a higher priority. However, depending on the scaling value, the ROIs can appear to blend into the background. Therefore, the decoder also needs shape information to distinguish the ROIs from the background.
The JPEG 2000 standard defines a max-shift method for ROI encoding, ISO/IEC 15444-1, "Information technology-JPEG 2000 image coding system-Part 1: Core coding system," 1st Edition, 2000. The JPEG 2000 standard uses color conversion, quantization, wavelet transform, progressive bit-plane coding, and entropy coding. The encoded images are transferred as a layered stream of packets. With JPEG 2000, the size and quality of the output image is selected during the encoding. The max-shift method separates the ROI from the background by scaling the ROI into non-overlapping bit planes, Skodras et al., "The JPEG 2000 still image compression standard," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, September 2001, incorporated herein by reference. The scaling value is sufficiently large to ensure that the minimum coefficient associated with the ROI is larger than the maximum coefficient of the background. When the decoder receives the scaling value, the decoder identifies the ROI coefficients by their magnitudes. The max-shift method enables the encoding of ROIs with arbitrary shapes without explicitly transmitting the shape information of the ROI to the decoder. However, max-shift encoding increases overhead due to extra code blocks that are required to define the boundaries of the ROI.
Another method shifts bits on a plane-by-plane basis to adjust for the relative importance of the ROI, Wang et al., "Bitplane-by-bitplane shift (BbBShift)—A suggestion for JPEG 2000 Region of Interest image coding," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 9, No. 5, May 2002. However, the BbBShift method is not compatible with the JPEG 2000 standard.
Another method is named a "partial significant bit-planes shift" (PSBShift), Liu et al., "A new JPEG 2000 region-of-interest image coding method: partial significant bitplanes shift," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 10, No. 2, February 2003. The PSBShift method tries to sustain a high quality for ROIs. The BbBShift method is also incompatible with JPEG 2000 standard.
All of the above ROI encoding methods use static coding. That is, the ROI is defined during the encoding. That is a problem when the ROI information is only available during decoding, such as when a viewer desires to specify the ROI. That is also a problem if the ROI information is supplied dynamically by an external source as when, for example, an external process, such as object tracking, analyzes the images before the decoding and determines the ROIs.
A dynamic ROI coding method is described by Rosenbaum et al., "Flexible, dynamic and compliant region of interest coding in JPEG 2000," IEEE Proceeding of ICIP, Rochester, N.Y., September 2002. That method handles dynamic ROI information in an interactive environment. That method uses a precinct/layer mechanism, as defined by the JPEG 2000 standard, to arrange the precinct priority in each layer. That method dynamically inserts layers. ROI packets remain in the same layer, while other packets are shifted up one layer. However, dynamic layer insertion requires recoding of the packet header. This requires rate-distortion recalculation, which is an undesirable feature for real-time image transmission applications.
Due to the problems of the prior art encoding methods, it is desired to provide a new encoding mechanism that avoids re-encoding of the packet header, makes the ROI coding flexible and dynamic, and has a low computational complexity. Such a method has been described by Kong et al. in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/002,817, "Image Transcoding," filed on Dec. 2, 2004.
The method described by Kong et al., encodes an image sequence and stores it as a JPEG 2000 bitstream, and then the stored images are transcoded in the compressed-domain using a low-complexity adaptation technique that replaces data packets corresponding to higher quality layers with empty packets. In one particular streaming mode, the ROIs are transcoded with higher quality than the background to satisfy network constraints.
One critical issue that is not addressed by Kong et al. is the problem of rate allocation to each frame. One straightforward method, which is referred to as static rate control, allocates an equal amount of rate to each frame based on available channel bandwidth. The obvious drawback of that method is that it is not adaptive to the scene contents. Also, because there is a fixed set of rate points that could be achieved by the transcoder depending on the rate allocated to each quality layer and other transcoding parameters such as output resolution level and ROI, it is very likely that the available bandwidth is not fully utilized.
Therefore, there is a need for a method that improves overall quality over the static rate control method by utilizing more of the available bandwidth, while satisfying buffer constraints and maintaining consistent quality over time.
It is important to distinguish rate control for predictive video coding and transcoding, such as coding and transcoding of typical MPEG bitstreams, versus rate control for image transcoding, e.g., based on JPEG 2000. One key difference is that with predictive coding, a method to estimate the actual rate of the output given the set of output parameters, such as quantization step size, is required. This is difficult due to the prediction dependency between frames as well as the use of variable length coding for coding data symbols. This uncertainty is further complicated when frame skipping is employed. More specifically, when a video coder skips a frame due to high buffer occupancy, it is difficult to estimate, ahead of time, the amount of bits that will be used to code the next frame because the correlation between frames varies and many complicated processes such as motion estimation need to be performed in order to determine the symbols that are actually be coded. This dependency is not present in the transcoding of an encoded image sequence and the use of embedded coding methods allows us to precisely determine the bit rate for different quality settings and when a frame is skipped.

Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.


The disclosure is related to optimizing generation of intermediate representation (IR) for a script code by eliminating redundant reference count code from the IR. The reference count code includes code that manages a reference count of an object, e.g., code that increments a reference count of the object (“incref code”) and an observer code which consumes or the execution of which depends on the reference count of the object. The IR is analyzed to identify redundant reference count code. Counters associated with the object are evaluated and upon satisfying the optimization criterion, the incref code is moved closer to the observer code. The incref code and the observer code that are adjacent to each other are identified as redundant code pair and the code pair is eliminated from the IR to generate an optimized IR. The optimized IR is further converted to an executable code.

Scripting languages offer simplicity and ease of development to software developers. Script code can be easy to write because scripting languages are often based on a small set of expressions and statements that are simple to learn. Software developers often use scripting languages for rapid development of applications, for example, web applications. Scripting languages may be used for server side programs or for client side programs. Examples of server side scripting languages include PHP (Personal Home Page) and examples of client side scripting languages include JAVASCRIPT.
Server side script code can be used for executing a user request received at a web server by dynamically generating web pages. Server side scripting is often used for implementing of interactive websites that interface with data stores for retrieving and storing information. The PHP scripting language enables embedding of script code with hypertext markup language (HTML). Client side script code is often used for performing simple computations on the client side rather than sending a request to the server for simple computations.
Conventional approaches to execute script code include executing the script code using an interpreter. However, an interpreter may not be able to perform several optimizations that a compiler that generates executable code can perform. Therefore, interpreting script code can be inefficient compared to running executable code obtained by compiling the script code. Most compilers translate the source program first to some form of intermediate representation (IR) and convert from there into machine code. The IR is independent of the machine for which the IR is generated, and independent of the source code language it is generated from.
There are many IRs in use but these various representations do not provide efficient means for tracking references an object allocated in the memory. When an object is created and allocated space in the memory, many variables can refer to the same object, that is, the object may have various pointers pointing to the object. The current IRs do not provide an efficient way to track the number of references to the object. The operations for tracking the references, such as incrementing a count when a new pointer is pointing to the object and decrementing a count when the pointer is removed, are built into or inherent to the operations that create, delete, assign objects. The current IRs typically do not provide an opportunity to optimize the reference count operations.
Some optimization techniques that optimize the reference count operations in the IRs are not effective and/or efficient. For example, the optimization techniques fail to identify the redundant reference count operations in some scenarios. In another example, the optimizer produces "buggy" code or invalid code in the IRs. Accordingly, an executable code generated from the IR includes a significant amount of code for tracking the references, which consumes significant computing resources and/or includes "buggy" code that can deter the execution of the program.

Eliminating redundant reference count operations in intermediate representation of script code


A tangential cutting insert having first and second opposing end surfaces and a peripheral side surface extending therebetween. First and second edges are formed at the intersection of the first and second end surfaces with the peripheral side surface. A groove in the peripheral side surface extends between and intersects the first and second end surfaces at first and second minor edges. In first and second opposing side views of the cutting insert, at least the first edge is generally concave.

Such milling cutters typically comprise an annular cutter body having a plurality of identical segments equally spaced about the inner circumference of the cutter body. Each segment having typically three or more cutting inserts secured to it, with each cutting insert intended to mill a particular feature of the complex profile. Inevitably, at least one of the cutting inserts of each segment has a different geometry from the other cutting inserts of that segment. Consequently, a stock of at least two types of cutting inserts has to be kept and care has to be taken when replacing a worn cutting insert of a segment not to replace it by a cutting insert of a different geometry.
In many such milling cutters, tangential cutting inserts are used. Tangential cutting inserts, also known as on-edge, or lay down, cutting inserts, are oriented in an insert holder in such a manner that during a cutting operation on a workpiece the cutting forces are directed along a major (thicker) dimension of the cutting insert. An advantage of such an arrangement being that the cutting insert can withstand greater cutting forces than when oriented in such a manner that the cutting forces are directed along a minor (thinner) dimension of the cutting insert.

Tangential cutting insert and milling cutter


A beverage brewing system having a bypass conduit for brewing and dispensing a selected volume of a brewed beverage from a beverage brewing chamber to a container. The bypass conduit distributes hot water beneath the brewing chamber to mix with the brewed beverage being dispensed to maintain flavor at higher selected volumes. The container interconnects by a connector assembly and switch to deliver electrical power to a heater in the container. A remote docking station also interconnects with the receptacle to supply electrical power to the heater of the container. A spray head having outward diverging flow is mounted above the brewing chamber to deliver hot water thereto.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates in general to beverage brewing apparatus and, more particularly, to an improved beverage brewing system having satellite dispensing stations.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Beverage brewing systems, such as coffee brewers, are in widespread use. For reasons of time and convenience, it is desirable to provide coffee dispensing capabilities at a number of locations throughout an establishment or location. It is common to brew a beverage at one location in a dispensing container and transport the container to the various locations at which the coffee can be dispensed for consumption. Known equipment has not been wholly satisfactory in providing a wide range of operating characteristics to attain desired objectives of brewing tasteful coffee in portable decanters which are capable of maintaining palatability over an extended period of time. In addition, known brewers have not obtained an optimum separation of coffee during the brewing process to provide an uniform product without bitterness or other undesirable taste characteristics. Prior designs have particularly suffered from shortcomings in brewing a high quality coffee for a range of different desired volumes of beverage. Coffee quality in the prior art is also limited by the designs of known spray heads for delivering hot water into the brewing chamber. Further, known brewers have failed to provide an effective bypass flow to maintain uniform coffee quality, particularly at higher volumes. In many brewers and dispensing stations, exposed heated surfaces are present which may be injurious to individuals. Accordingly, the prior satellite type brewing systems have not incorporated a range of features to provide a high quality brewed product with safety and economy of design.


A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes (a) providing a silicon carbide semiconductor substrate; and (b) forming an electrode structure on the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate by (i) forming a Schottky layer including a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, and chrome on a front surface of the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate; (ii) heating the Schottky layer to form a Schottky electrode which has a Schottky contact with the silicon carbide semiconductor substrate; and (iii) forming a surface electrode comprised of aluminum or aluminum including silicon on a surface of the Schottky electrode, while heating at a temperature range effective for the surface electrode to closely cover any uneven portion of the Schottky electrode and provide a surface electrode having a predetermined reflectance that is equal to or less than 80% so that an improved recognition rate by an automatic wire bonding apparatus is obtained.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device. In particular, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device having an electrode structure that has an appropriate reflectance and does not generate a void.
2. Description of the Related Art
Hitherto, semiconductor devices using silicon (Si) as a semiconductor material have been mainly used as power devices. Silicon carbide (SiC) which is a wide gap semiconductor has the following physical property values: thermal conductivity that is three times more than that of silicon; maximum electric field intensity that is ten times more than that of silicon; and an electron drift speed that is two times more than that of silicon. Therefore, each institute has conducted research on an application technique using SiC since a power device using SiC has a high breakdown voltage and low loss and can operate at a high temperature.
As the structure of the power device, a vertical semiconductor device has been mainly used in which a rear surface electrode including a low-resistance ohmic electrode is provided on the rear surface side of a substrate. The rear surface electrode is made of various materials and has various structures. As an example of the structures, for example, a laminate of a titanium layer, a nickel layer, and a silver layer (for example, see JP 2007-184571 A, Patent Document 1) or a laminate of a titanium layer, a nickel layer, and a gold layer (for example, see JP 2010-86999 A, Patent Document 2) has been proposed.
In a vertical semiconductor device using SiC which is typified by a Schottky barrier diode, a method has been used which forms a nickel layer on a SiC substrate, heats the nickel layer to form a nickel silicide layer, and forms an ohmic contact between the SiC substrate and the nickel silicide layer (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
As a method for forming an ohmic electrode, a method has been proposed which forms a plurality of metal films on a SiC substrate and performs a heating process at a temperature of 700° C. to 1100° C., and most preferably, about 800° C. to obtain good ohmic characteristics (for example, see JP 2005-277240 A, Patent Document 3). Further, a technique has been proposed which radiates a laser beam to form an ohmic electrode (for example, see JP 2008-135611 A, Patent Document 4).
For a surface electrode which is formed on the front surface of the SiC substrate, a metal layer that is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy is formed on the Schottky contact to form the electrode structure. When the Schottky contact is not completely covered with the metal layer, a void is generated and causes an element defect.
In particular, the surface electrode of the SiC semiconductor needs to closely cover the uneven pattern of the Schottky contact (Schottky electrode). In addition, the surface electrode needs to be formed so as to have reflectance which is the most suitable for image recognition, such as positioning, when automatic wire bonding is performed.
The invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems and an object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device which closely covers an uneven portion of a Schottky contact. In addition, an object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device which can form a surface electrode having reflectance that is the most suitable for image recognition such as positioning.

Method for manufacturing a semiconductor device


The present invention provides methods for treating Parkinson's Disease (PD), e.g., PD associated with a genetic mutation in a glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene or a leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene. The methods comprise administering to the subject a modulator, e.g., an inhibitor, of p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3).

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease affecting approximately 1-2% of the population over 60 years and 4% above 85 years. It is clinically characterized by rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor, postural instability, as well as other clinical features, such as dementia and depression. Pathologically it is identified by a selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in the midbrain and eventually the presence of Lewy bodies, or abnormal protein aggregates, in the surviving neurons. The etiology of PD is multifactorial and involves complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, although the exact molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of the disease remains obscure.
In at least some cases, development of PD is genetically driven. In the past 17 years, genetic studies of PD families consolidate the hypothesis that PD has a significant genetic component. Indeed, 14 genes have been described for Mendelian PD so far. For example, familial cases of Parkinson disease can be caused by mutations in the LRRK2, PARK7, PINK1, PRKN, or SNCA genes. Mutations in some of these genes may also play a role in cases that appear to be sporadic (i.e., not inherited). Alterations in certain genes, including GBA and UCHL1, do not cause Parkinson disease but appear to modify the risk of developing the condition in some families.
Mutations in the LRRK2 gene are the most frequently reported monogenic cause of PD and are common in both early and late-onset PD, occurring in both familial and sporadic PD patients with a wide variety of clinical and pathological features and a variable frequency depending on ethnic origin. Among these mutations, the glycine to serine substitution G2019S, located within the protein kinase domain encoded by exon 41, is the most common and was estimated by the international LRRK2 consortium to represent 1% of sporadic and 4% of familial PD patients worldwide. Clinically, the G2019S mutation carriers develop a very similar PD disease to noncarriers, including the development of motor symptoms and cognitive impairment, but some differences could be observed even within the same family
Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) are also associated with PD. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in GBA were initially discovered in patients suffering from Gaucher Disease (GD), a lysosomal-storage disease. Single heterozygous mutations in GBA were initially thought to be non-pathogenic, but, following investigation of early reports of Parkinsonism in GD patients and their heterozygote carrier family members unaffected by GD, it was found that heterozygote mutations confer a significant risk for developing PD. Heterozygotes have a 10-30% chance of developing PD by age 80, which constitutes a 20-fold increase compared to non-carriers, and approximately 5-25% of "idiopathic" PD patients carry GBA mutations, making GBA mutations the greatest risk factor for PD discovered to date.
Presently, knowledge about the patient's mutation status does not alter therapeutic management, since targeted, neuroprotective therapies are still at an experimental stage. Current treatment for PD involves the use of various medications to help control the symptoms and manage problems associated with walking, movement and tremor.
Nevertheless, more effective therapies capable of better managing, slowing down or stopping the progression of PD, e.g., PD associated with a mutation in the GBA gene or an LRRK2 gene, are needed.

Methods for treating Parkinson's disease


The present application discloses an iris identification system and an iris identification method thereof. The iris identification system includes: a camera module including at least two cameras, the cameras having different depths of field and being configured to capture iris images; a distance detection apparatus configured to detect a distance between a user and the camera module; a processing chip configured to find, according to the detected distance, a depth of field corresponding the distance and control a camera having the depth of field to be turned on, and further configured to control multiple cameras in the camera module to be turned on simultaneously until one camera has captured an ideal image. At least two cameras having different depths of field are disposed in the iris identification system provided in the present application; a camera having a suitable depth of field is turned on correspondingly according to a detected distance between a user and a camera module to capture an image, or multiple cameras are turned on simultaneously until one camera has captured a clear iris image. The present application achieves good man-machine friendliness and a short capturing time and improves the efficiency of iris identification.

Existing iris image capturing apparatuses are mainly classified into two types, one type is contact iris capturing apparatuses and the other type is non-contact iris capturing apparatuses.
When a user uses a contact iris capturing apparatus, glasses need to be fixed on a certain component of the capturing apparatus. In such a capturing manner, eyeballs of the user can be desirably placed at suitable positions, so that a clear iris image with ideal illumination can be captured. However, this contact capturing manner will significantly reduce user acceptance.
The non-contact iris capturing apparatuses are further classified into fixed-focus capturing apparatuses and zoom capturing apparatuses. The fixed-focus capturing apparatus needs a prompt system to prompt a user to move the head back and forth, and when the eyes of the user are located at suitable positions, the capturing apparatus captures a clear iris image. The zoom capturing apparatus does not require a user to move the head back and forth, and the capturing apparatus changes a focal length automatically, so that a camera focuses on the iris of the user to capture a clear iris image.
The fixed-focus capturing apparatus has a simple structure and low costs but has a high requirement on users and poor man-machine friendliness. The zoom capturing apparatus generally has a zoom motor and a focusing motor. It is judged through a dedicated algorithm such as image definition estimation whether accurate focusing has been achieved. Then, the zoom motor and the focusing motor are controlled to rotate by using a dedicated control system. Accurate focusing is achieved after the foregoing steps are repeated multiple times. Therefore, the zoom capturing apparatus has a complex structure and high costs, while its advantage lies in good man-machine friendliness.
In addition, for the fixed-focus capturing apparatus, a user sometimes needs to move the head back and forth repeatedly to reach an alignment position. For the zoom capturing apparatus, the focal length sometimes needs to be adjusted repeatedly so that the camera focuses on the eyes of the user. Therefore, both the capturing methods have the problem of an excessively long capturing time.


A sensor device comprises a radio circuit; air-quality detectors; a microcontroller; a building management system (BMS) integration module, the BMS integration module including a transceiver distinct from the radio circuit and a co processor distinct from the microcontroller; and a memory that configures the sensor device to: transmit, during a first time period, a wake-up signal, wherein the wake-up signal includes at least a packet number; send, during a second time period, an acknowledgment (ACK) signal, wherein the ACK signal is sent in reference to a synchronized time slot and a packet number; transmit, during a third time period, at least sensor reading data of least one air quality detector, wherein the sensor reading data is encrypted using at least an encryption key stored in the memory; receive, during a fourth time period, a sleep signal; and enter into a sleep mode upon receipt of the sleep signal.

While certain improvements in building materials, construction techniques, and electronic systems provide for improved efficiency in operations of a building, energy costs remain among a building operator's greatest expense. Energy costs, such as those costs arising from heating or cooling a building, may vary greatly based on factors such as resident or tenant environmental preferences, demand-based energy pricing, environmental conditions, and the like. Further, building operators may wish to provide for the comfort of tenants and residents, in addition to cost-optimization, creating a complex balance of energy costs and building requirements, a balance which legacy systems may be ill-equipped to resolve.
Legacy building management systems may provide for the collection of data relating to building environmental conditions. Further, such legacy systems may include features providing for control of building conditions using devices such as thermostat-linked heating and cooling systems, remote shutoffs for conduits, and the like. While such legacy systems may provide for environmental control and data collection, legacy means may be ill-suited to high-volume data processing and may lack certain connectivity features useful in reducing operator workload and maintenance. In addition, legacy building management system data collection devices and systems may be limited to those sensing and data collection devices installed, configured, and supported. Such limitations may hinder a building operator's ability to integrate modern sensing and data collection capabilities with legacy building management systems.
In addition to the inefficiencies of legacy systems in managing high-volume building data, such systems may fail to provide certain modern functionalities necessary for efficient building environmental system management. Legacy systems may lack cloud-processing systems which provide for collection and analysis of large volumes of building data. Further, legacy systems may lack the interconnectivity required to collect energy market and grid data and to respond to such data automatically. In addition, legacy systems may require manual calibration and re-calibration of sensor and regulator devices, where manual calibration and re-calibration may require a prohibitively large outlay of time and effort on the part of building management and maintenance teams.
Further, legacy systems may fail to provide for management of building wellness controls. Building wellness controls include those controls concerning health and wellness parameters of building management, such as air filter status, air quality, drinking water contamination, and the like, as opposed to comfort controls which may be directed to provision of comfortable conditions for building occupants, such as controls directed to air temperatures. Further, legacy systems may require various trade-offs between wellness, comfort, and energy efficiency in order to reach various building management goals. As a result, legacy systems may lack the capacity to provide optimized wellness, comfort, and energy solutions, requiring intensive manual adjustment of wellness, comfort, and energy parameters to reach desired building control states.
In addition to legacy building management systems, certain smaller-scale comfort and energy management systems may provide similar functionalities in smaller-scope applications, such as homes, small offices, and the like. Examples of smaller-scale comfort and energy management systems include the Nest(r) home management system by Google(r). While smaller-scale systems provide for certain energy and comfort control functionalities, such systems lack the scope of application required to provide centrally-managed control of wellness, air quality, comfort, and energy needs for larger buildings such as office towers, retail stores, and the like, as such buildings may include large numbers of management devices, complex connectivity architectures, predefined communication protocols, and the like. Further, smaller-scale systems may be primarily directed to management of comfort and energy parameters, to the exclusion of integrated safety and wellness controls. As a result, smaller-scale management systems may fail to provide functionalities and scopes of application required for use in large-scale building systems management applications.
It would therefore be advantageous to provide a solution that would overcome the challenges noted above.

Sensor device and secured wireless communication protocol for air quality sensor devices


A system causes a scan angle of a directional antenna to change temporarily from a current scan angle to at least one trial scan angle during reception of predetermined portions of an information carrying signal. At the trial scan angle(s), a trial metric associated with each trial scan angle is determined by the system. The system then selects a next scan angle based on the trial metrics. Examples of predetermined portions of the information carrying signal include the Power Control Bit (PCB) and certain symbol periods of the Forward Error Correction (FEC) block.

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) communication systems may be used to provide wireless communications between a base station and one or more field units. The base station is typically a computer controlled set of transceivers that are interconnected to a land-based public switched telephone network (PSTN). The base station includes an antenna apparatus for sending forward link radio frequency signals to the field units. The base station antenna is also responsible for receiving reverse link radio frequency signals transmitted from each field unit.
Each field unit also contains an antenna apparatus for the reception of the forward link signals and for transmission of the reverse links signals. A typical field unit is a digital cellular telephone handset or a personal computer coupled to a cellular modem. In CDMA cellular systems, multiple field units may transmit and receive signals on the same frequency but with different codes, to permit detection of signals on a per unit basis.
The most common type of antenna used to transmit and receive signals at a field unit is a mono-pole or omni-antenna. This type of antenna consists of a single wire or antenna element that is coupled to a transceiver within the field unit. The transceiver receives reverse link signals to be transmitted from circuitry within the field unit and modulates the signals onto the antenna element at a specific frequency assigned to that field unit. Forward link signals received by the antenna element at a specific frequency are demodulated by the transceiver and supplied to processing circuitry within the field unit.
The signal transmitted from a monopole antenna is omni-directional in nature. That is, the signal is sent with the same signal strength in all directions in a generally horizontal plane. Reception of a signal with a monopole antenna element is likewise omni-directional. A monopole antenna does not differentiate in its ability to detect a signal in one direction versus detection of the same or a different signal coming from another direction.
A second type of antenna that may be used by field units is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,617,102. The system described therein provides a directional antenna comprising two antenna elements mounted on the outer case of a laptop computer. The system includes a phase shifter attached to the two elements. The phase shifter may be switched on or off in order to affect the phase of signals transmitted or received during communications to and from the computer. By switching the phase shifter on, the antenna transmit pattern may be adapted to a predetermined hemispherical pattern which provides transmit beam pattern areas having a concentrated signal strength or gain. The dual element antenna directs the signal into predetermined quadrants or hemispheres to allow for large changes in orientation relative to the base station while minimizing signal loss.
Yet another type of antenna is a scanning directional antenna that employs at least one central active antenna element and multiple passive antenna elements. By changing impedance settings between the passive antenna elements and a ground plane, a beam produced by the directional antenna can be scanned in a fixed number of directions related to the number of passive antenna elements. An example of such a directional antenna is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,767,807 by Pritchett.

Antenna adaptation comparison method for high mobility


Provided is a method of operating a wireless communication device including a phased array including a first antenna group and a second antenna group to form a beam for transmitting and receiving signals polarized in different directions, which includes receiving first signals polarized in a first direction; receiving second signals polarized in a second direction; measuring power of the first signals and power of the second signals; analyzing a relationship between a channel corresponding to the first receiving beam and a channel corresponding to the second receiving beam; estimating power of third signals that are expected to be received through the first antenna group and power of fourth signals that are expected to be received through the second antenna group; and selecting a receiving beam pattern for wireless communication.

Example embodiments of the inventive concepts relate to a wireless communication device capable of fast beam selection.
Recently, a fifth-generation (5G) communication system, which is new radio access technology, aims to provide an ultrahigh-speed data service of several Gbps using an ultra-wideband with a bandwidth of 100 MHz or more compared to long-term evolution (LTE) and LTE advanced (LTE-A). However, it is difficult to obtain an ultra-wideband frequency of 100 MHz or more in a frequency band of several hundred MHz or several GHz, which is used in LTE and LTE-A, and thus, a method of transmitting signals using a wide frequency band, which is in a frequency band of 6 GHz or more, is being considered in the 5G communication system. Specifically, a technique of increasing a transmission rate using a millimeter wave band, such as 28 GHz and 60 GHz bands, is being considered in the 5G communication system. However, since a frequency band is proportional to the path loss of radio waves, a service area may be reduced because the path loss of the radio waves is large in an ultrahigh frequency band such as the millimeter wave band.
In order to overcome the reduction of the service area, a beamforming technique for increasing a range of the radio waves by generating directional beams using a plurality of antennas has been highlighted in the 5G communication system. The beamforming technique may be applied to each of a transmission device (e.g., a base station) and a receiving device (e.g., a terminal) and may not only expand the service area but also reduce interference due to the focusing of physical beams toward a target.
In the 5G communication system, a directional direction of transmission beams of the transmission device has to be aligned with a directional direction of receiving beams of the receiving device to increase the effects of the beamforming technique, and thus, a technique of selecting desired (or, alternatively, optimum) transmission beams and receiving beams is important. In addition, a technique for selecting desired (or, alternatively, optimal) transmission beams and receiving beams fast so as to meet the low latency scheme of the 5G communication system is also highlighted.

Wireless communication device capable of fast beam selection and method of operation thereof


When executing a magnetic transfer by bringing a master medium and a slave medium into close contact with each other and applying a transferring magnetic field, a permitted limit of the application direction of the transferring magnetic field is defined so that magnetic patterns can be accurately transferred. A slave medium 2 is previously initial DC magnetized in a track direction by applying a magnetic field to the slave medium in the track direction of a slave surface, and when executing a magnetic transfer by bringing the master medium 3 and the slave medium 2 into close contact with each other and applying the transferring magnetic field in the track direction of the slave surface, the application angle α of the transferring magnetic field is defined within a range of ±30° in a vertical direction with respect to the slave surface. Furthermore, the application angle of the transferring magnetic field is defined within a range of ±30° with respect to the track direction on a plane parallel to the slave surface.

The magnetic transfer method is one for magnetically transferring magnetic patterns corresponding to magnetic information (for example, servo signals) held in a master medium to a slave medium by applying transferring magnetic field in a state where the master medium and the slave medium are in close contact with each other. This magnetic transfer method is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos. 63(1988)-183623, 10(1998)-40544, 10(1998)-269566 and the like.
Moreover, transferring magnetic field is applied by arranging a magnetic field generating means such as an electromagnet device or a permanent magnet device to a single side or both sides of the slave medium in a state where the single side or both sides of the slave medium and the master medium are in close contact with each other. In this time, if the slave medium and the master medium that are in close contact with each other, or the magnetic field is relatively rotated, magnetic patterns are transferred to a track on a circumference of the slave medium of disk shape.
However, in said magnetic transfer method, in order to enhance transfer accuracy by transferring magnetic patterns accurately corresponding to transfer information, in which a magnetic layer of uneven patterns was formed on an information bearing surface of the master medium to record them therein, to a recording surface of the slave medium, a transferring magnetic field should be accurately applied in a track direction in a state where the close contact property between an information bearing surface of the master medium and a slave surface of the slave medium is assured.
However, it is difficult that magnetic field generated by an actual magnetic field generating means is made to be parallel to a track direction and a slave surface in a plane direction and a vertical direction from an inner circumference portion to a whole outer circumference portion of the slave medium, and is made to be offset due to various factors. If the offset of the application direction of such transferring magnetic field becomes greater, the magnetic transfer of high accuracy does not executed because the magnetic patterns of such area are scattered. Thus, when the transfer information is servo signals, a satisfactory tracking function cannot be obtained and reliability of reproducing the information is lowered.

Method and apparatus of magnetically transferring information signal from master medium to slave medium


A pair of industrial safety glasses comprises: a glasses frame comprising: a connection means connected to each of both ends thereof; a first coupling part on at least one of the connection means; and a second coupling part corresponding to the first coupling part for coupling thereto; and a wearing means having two ends respectively connected to two ends of the connection means, and the wearing means comprising an adjustable unit so as to adjust the length of the wearing means for being suitable for different workers having different sized heads.

The workers working in locations of precision engineering, experiment-making, polishing, lathing, woodworking, and so on are requested to wear industrial safety glasses to protect their faces and eyes from flying particles or sheets. However, the existing problems of the safety glasses are listed as follows:
1. In the conventional safety glasses, a pair of earpieces is screwed onto the glasses frame, causing inconvenience in detachment.
2. In the conventional safety glasses, a fastening belt for adjusting the tightness is typically utilized so as to enable the workers to wear the safety glasses comfortably. Because different workers have different sized heads, the fastening belt much be adjusted before wearing the safety glasses. As a result, the safety glasses are not immediately usable after wear, causing inconvenience in use. Besides, the aforesaid adjusting process much be repeated several times so it wastes time and makes the workers irritable.


In one example, a first directive is received at a system. The directive is to embed, into content selected via a printer application accessed at a network-connected printer, a network address. A carrier image that includes the network address in encoded form is generated. A second directive, to provide first content to the printer, is received via the application. The carrier image is merged into the first content. After the merging, the merged first content is sent to the printer for printing.

Certain network-connected printers are capable of sending and receiving communications and printable content via the internet without being connected to a desktop computer, notebook computer, or other host computing device. Such printers may also provide users with an option to download and execute, or to otherwise access at the printer, printer applications that facilitate content browsing, downloading, and printing of content that is available to the printer via the internet.
The same part numbers designate the same or similar parts throughout the figures.

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


An electric generator assembly for an aircraft is provided. The electric generator assembly includes: a main generator having a main rotor and a main stator, the main stator includes a first three-phase winding and a second three-phase winding, the first and second three-phase windings each configured to have a voltage induced therein by the main rotor, the first three-phase winding defining a phase shift from the second three-phase winding greater than zero degrees.

For certain aeronautical vehicles, electric generators may be included to provide an electrical DC power output to power various DC aircraft loads. For example, the electric DC generators may provide electrical power to various control systems of the aircraft, cabin systems, and/or propulsion systems (such as electric propulsors). Due to ripple issues at the output of the electric generators, these electric generators typically include relatively large capacitors in order to minimize the large ripples. Inclusion of relatively large capacitors may undesirably increase a weight of the electrical system. Accordingly, an electric DC generator capable of providing electrical power with reduced ripples with smaller capacitors would be useful.


A plurality of roll pin punches in association with an elongate handle are mounted for ease of assembly within a container structure. A cap member having an internally threaded bore and including a forward wall bore coaxially aligned through the forward wall and the threaded bore includes a resilient "O" ring mounted within a toroidal groove and interfaced between the threaded bore and the forward wall bore to secure the punch member.

1. Field of the Invention
The field of invention relates to roll pin punch structure, and more particularly pertains to a new and improved roll pin punch kit apparatus wherein the same is arranged to accommodate roll pins of various sizes.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Punches of various types for various applications are utilized throughout the prior art such as exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 4,960,235 to Gregory wherein a nail set structure includes a bore arranged to receive a nail member therewithin for impacting the nail and its projection into an associated workpiece.
The U.S. Pat. No. 4,834,342 to Padgett sets forth a further example of a nail pin driver.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,879,848 to Murphy sets forth an example of a multiple center punch tool having punches of various sizes radially mounted about a central support body.
As such, it may be appreciated that there continues to be a need for a new and improved roll pin punch kit apparatus as set forth by the instant invention which addresses both the problems of ease of use as well as effectiveness in construction and in this respect, the present invention substantially fulfills this need.


The present invention provides a controller that can write an operation program for a control circuit to a memory and a method for writing data, while suppressing an increase in circuit area and an increase in manufacturing cost. An ATA register is connected to a host computer. A flash ROM access register is connected to the ATA register. When a special command code 80h is sent to the ATA register from the host computer, data (a command and microcomputer control software) sent from the host computer is sent via the ATA register. A decoder decodes the data sent to the flash ROM access register and generates a format, an address, and data for writing the microcomputer control software to the flash ROM.

The present invention relates to a controller and a method for writing data.
Usually, peripheral equipment for a computer such as an optical disk drive includes a ROM (read-only memory) as a memory for storing a microcomputer operation program (hereinafter referred to as microcomputer control software) that is used for controlling each circuit. In recent years, usually, an electrically rewritable flash ROM that can rewrite data is used as this ROM. This is because the microcomputer control software must be updated in order to debug the microcomputer control software while the peripheral equipment is being developed or to perform updates (version upgrade) for improving functioning of the microcomputer control software.
Two types of software are written to a flash ROM, one is the aforementioned microcomputer control software for allowing a microcomputer to control each circuit and the other is an update program to be executed by the microcomputer to update the microcomputer control software. During normal operation of peripheral equipment, the microcomputer controls each circuit in accordance with the microcomputer control software written to the flash ROM. In contrast, during update of the microcomputer control software, the microcomputer rewrites the microcomputer control software recorded in the flash ROM in accordance with the update program written to the flash ROM.
The aforementioned description relates to an operation state in which microcomputer control software and an update program have been already written to the flash ROM. In a complete initial state, however, naturally, no data has been written to the flash ROM. That is, to allow a microcomputer to write the microcomputer control software to the flash ROM, at least the update program must have been already written to the flash ROM, but even this program has not been written in a complete initial state.
Consequently, conventionally, predetermined initial data (data containing at least an update program) is written to a flash ROM in a standalone state by commissioning flash ROM manufacturers or by using a ROM writer. A flash ROM chip, to which initial microcomputer control software is written, is subsequently mounted on a printed wiring board of the relevant peripheral equipment by soldering.
In the aforementioned method, because writing of the initial microcomputer control software is needed separately before the flash ROM chip is mounted on the peripheral equipment, the process becomes complicated and manufacturing cost inevitably increases.
Accordingly, in a prior art example different from the aforementioned method, a method is adopted for mounting a flash ROM chip without writing initial microcomputer control software and writing the microcomputer control software after it is mounted. Specifically, a mask ROM in which at least an update program is recorded in advance is incorporated and this mask ROM is connected to the microcomputer of the relevant peripheral equipment. Subsequently, when initial data is written to the flash ROM, the microcomputer is operated in accordance with a mask ROM program. The microcomputer communicates with a personal computer (PC) via an interface such as an ATA and an ATAPI or a SCSI and writes the microcomputer control software to the flash ROM.
This method, however, needs a mask ROM, which stores at least an update program but is not used for normal operations. Accordingly, the employment of the mask ROM, which is not necessary at all during normal operations, increases the chip area of a control chip (control integrated circuit).


A peroxycarboxylic acid represented by the general formula (I):

A medical apparatus such as endoscope, which is not disposable, is directly contacted with patients and therefore needs a safer sterilization for use in subsequent examinations and the like. However, especially in small scale hospitals, a single apparatus is often repeatedly used in a short period of time. Under these circumstances, a composition which have action of killing wide variety of microorganisms and ability of sterilizing a medical apparatuses in a short period of time is desired as a composition for sterilization of a medical apparatus. Further, from a viewpoint of safety, an amount of chemical compounds in the composition is required to be as small as possible.
As a composition for cleaning and sterilizing a medical apparatus such as endoscope, a composition containing an aldehyde such as glutaraldehyde as an active ingredient is conventionally known as a commercial product. However, glutaraldehyde is recently reported to have a weak sterilizing effect to spores and may be a cause of allergies.
A composition for sterilization is also known which contains a peracetic acid as an active ingredient. However, because peracetic acid has irritating smell derived from a peracid as well as strong smell of acetic acid, a practical use of a peracetic acid as a disinfectant will be a burden on an operator, and further an equipment such as ventilation is essential. An aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acid such as peroxypropionic acid is reported to have effective sterilizing action (J. Hyg. Epid. Microbiol. Immun., 9, pp. 220-226 (1965)). However, the aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acids as mentioned above also have a problem of unpleasant smell. The unpleasant smell of the aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acid will be weaker as where the number of carbon atoms increases. When the acid is liner, those having 11 or more carbon atoms have almost no smell. However, they have another problem of insolubility in water and cannot be used for preparation of an aqueous composition which is suitable for sterilization of a medical apparatus.
As a means for solving the problem of the unpleasant smell of the aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acid, use of a peroxycarboxylic acid which is a divalent carboxylic acid is disclosed in Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication (Kokai) No. (Hei) 8-67667. However, a result of an experiment by the inventors of the present invention reveals that an antibacterial effect of the peroxycarboxylic acid is weaker than that of peracetic acid. Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication (Kohyo) No. (Hei) 10-501805 discloses that a peroxycarboxylic acid having an ester group has almost the same degree of antibacterial effect as that of peracetic acid. However, the acid has a problem that, when a peroxycarboxylic acid is synthesized, the ester moiety is susceptible to hydrolysis because a strong acid such as sulfuric acid is used as a reaction catalyst in an aqueous solution.
Peroxymethoxyacetic acid, which is disclosed in J. Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 19-20, pp. 499-505 (2002), is reported to have weaker antibacterial effect than that of peracetic acid. Nippon Kagaku Zassi (Journal of chemistry in Japan) 87, pp. 476-505, (1966) reports that for a peroxycarboxylic acid such as peroxy chloroacetic acid, substitution with an electron withdrawing group at 2-position will deteriorates stability of the acid. Therefore, peroxymethoxyacetic acid, which is substituted with electron withdrawing methoxy group at 2-position, is expected to have less stability than peracetic acid. As described above, the attempts for reducing the unpleasant smell of peracetic acid have not successfully become practical applications from viewpoints of poor antibacterial effect and lack of formulation suitability.
From an aspect of compounds, an aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acid which has an alkoxy group at 3-position has not been reported so far, and its sterilization activity is not known. Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication (Kohyo) No. 2000-505136 discloses peroxycarboxylic acids represented by the formula Y—Ra—COOOH (wherein Y represents HO(CH2CH2O)n (wherein n represents an integer of 1 to 40, Ra represents a C1-C30 alkylene group). However, Y is limited to an ethylene oxide group in the acid, and the publication only discloses compounds wherein Y is hydroxyalkyloxy group. Further, the publication does not disclose data relating to sterilization effects of the acids. The aforementioned J. Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 19-20, pp. 499-505 (2002) discloses peroxymethoxyacetic acid, however, it fails to disclose an aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acid having an alkoxy group at 3-position.

Composition for sterilization comprising ω-alkoxyperoxycarboxylic acid

Abstract: (wherein R1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C10 aryl group, L represents a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C12 divalent linking group, or R1 and L may combine to form a ring) and a composition comprising said peroxycarboxylic acid are provided. Said peroxycarboxylic acid can sterilize a medical apparatus such as endoscope in a short period of time and has no unpleasant smell.


There is provided a multilayer ceramic electronic component including: a ceramic body; a plurality of first internal electrodes formed within the ceramic body; a plurality of second internal electrodes alternately laminated together with the first internal electrodes with the dielectric layer interposed therebetween, insulated from the first internal electrodes, wherein a distance between the plurality of first internal electrodes 121 and the second lateral surface 2 and a distance between the plurality of second internal electrodes 122 and the second lateral surface 2 are different, and when the longest distance between the uppermost internal electrode and the lowermost electrode, among the plurality of first and second internal electrodes 121 and 122, is T1 and the shortest distance therebetween is T2, 0.76≦T2/T1≦0.97 is satisfied.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a multilayer ceramic electronic component in which a short circuit and delamination defect between internal electrodes are improved and acoustic noise generated when a voltage is applied is reduced.
2. Description of the Related Art
Electronic components using a ceramic material include capacitors, inductors, piezoelectric elements, varistors, thermistors, and the like.
Among ceramic electronic components using a ceramic material, a multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) has advantages such as compactness, guaranteed high capacity, and ease of mountability.
An MLCC is a chip-type condenser commonly installed in computers, personal digital assistants, mobile phones, and the like, playing an important role in charging and discharging electricity. An MLCC may have various sizes and lamination forms, according to an intended use and capacity thereof.
In particular, recently, as electronic products have been reduced in size, MLCCs used in electronic products have also been required to be smaller and have a high capacity.
Thus, MLCCs including thinned dielectric layers and internal electrodes so as to have a reduced size and including a large amount of dielectric layers to have high capacity have been manufactured.
Meanwhile, an MLCC in which all external electrodes are positioned on a lower surface has been introduced. While this type of MLCC has excellent mounting density and capacity and low equivalent series inductance (ESL), when a ceramic body is cut, a short circuit defect may easily occur between the internal electrodes due to a thrust phenomenon occurring in internal electrodes facing one another, due to cutting stress.
In addition, as a lamination amount is increased to implement high capacity MLCC, a delamination defect is generated due to a step formed between a region in which internal electrodes are not formed and a region in which internal electrodes are formed.

Multilayer ceramic electronic component including a lateral surface and internal electrodes having different distances from the lateral surface


A data preserving apparatus includes: a generator generating scenarios that represent presence or absence of occurrence of a failure, presence or absence of a failure symptom, a time point of occurrence of a failure, and a time point of occurrence of a failure symptom; an evaluator calculating the amount of data loss in the case of occurrence of a failure for the scenario based on first and second backup intervals before and after occurrence of a failure symptom; an backup interval evaluator calculating a number of backups performed until earlier one of a time point of occurrence of a failure and a time point after a predetermined time period; a cost evaluator calculating a cost evaluation values for the scenarios based on the amount of data loss and the number of backups; and a calculator calculating the first and second backup intervals based on cost evaluation values for scenarios.

A method has been known that predicts failures of an HDD (hard disk drive), and automatically makes a backup or recommends backing up when a failure is predicted. Another method has been known that preferentially backs up files with high priority. Furthermore, a method has been known that backups may be periodically made. Moreover, a method has been known that when files are updated, differences may be automatically backed up. There are commercial backup tools, such as ARCserve, Backup Exec, and NetVault. These tools make backups irrespective of the failure probabilities of HDDs.
As described above, the method that predicts failures and makes a backup has already been known. Furthermore, the method of preferentially backing up files with high degrees of importance has already been known.
However, the effect of the conventional methods is data preservation of a HDD at the time when a failure is predicted. Unfortunately, there is no advantageous effect of achieving continuous data preservation even after failure prediction due to optimization of backup intervals before and after detection of a failure symptom and due to optimization of a replacement reference.
In the present situation, backup is a good faith effort by PC users, but is not managed in most cases. Conventionally, only when a failure is predicted, backup is automatically performed or recommended. However, an appropriate backup interval for continuous backup after detection of a failure symptom has been unknown. Typically, replacement of PCs and HDDs are determined on the basis of an elapsed time after installation. Thus, an optimal replacement reference based on the failure risk of the entire PC/HDD to be managed has not been determined.

Data preserving apparatus, method and system therefor


A fuselage component for an aircraft, including a shell part composed of a fiber composite material and a stiffening structure which is connected to an inner surface of the shell part and has shaped parts composed of a fiber composite material, wherein the shaped parts each have a flat base section which extends along the inner surface of the shell part, and a step-shaped profile edge which extends in an encircling manner around the base section. The shaped parts are arranged in the form of parquetry with overlapping profile edges. As a result, the overlapping profile edges form stiffening profiles intersecting at an intersection. Furthermore, an aircraft which has at least one such fuselage component and a method for producing a fuselage component are described.

Shell-shaped components composed of a fiber composite material are frequently used for producing a fuselage structure of an aircraft. The components typically have a shell part or skin element of flat extent and stiffening profiles which are connected to the shell part and form a grid-shaped stiffening structure. In this connection, i.e. when such components are realized in a fiber composite design, generally both the shell part and the stiffening profiles are formed from a fiber composite material.
In order to produce such components, DE 10 2009 057 006 A1 proposes a method in which first of all strip elements composed of a fiber material are placed into grooves formed on a mould part, the grooves running in a manner corresponding to a reinforcing-structure grid shape to be produced. The respective strip elements end at intersections of the grooves, at which in each case two grooves intersect, and an intersecting part connecting the respective strip elements is inserted. A flat semi-finished fiber product is formed on the mould part by fiber tapes being laid by an Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) process. Subsequently, a pressure plate is placed onto the semi-finished fiber product, and the semi-finished fiber product and the strip elements are infiltrated with a matrix material, and the matrix material is cured.
DE 10 2006 048 668 A1 describes a method for producing structural components with a flat skin zone and a stiffening structure applied to the skin zone, wherein the stiffening structure has at least two stiffening profiles composed of a fiber composite material and having a common intersecting point. The stiffening profiles are draped here onto the skin zone, wherein transition surfaces are formed which are designed in such a manner that a continuous arrangement of reinforcing fibers that is appropriate to the flow of force is made possible.
US 2009/0320398 A1 describes a method for producing a structural component for an aircraft, wherein intersections of a grid-shaped reinforcing structure are assembled by four partial profiles. In order to improve the transmission of load beyond the intersection, tape elements are provided which extend beyond the intersections.
In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 6,110,567 A describes a fiber composite component with a flat shell part and a stiffening structure having intersecting Ω-shaped stiffening profiles, wherein the stiffening structure as a whole is adhesively bonded to the shell part.

Fuselage component for an aircraft, method for producing a fuselage component, and aircraft


An artifact signal correction system may include a mixing component to generate a waveform corresponding to an artifact such as an error tone, whereupon that waveform may be combined with the input waveform to substantially eliminate the artifact. In preferred embodiments, a method and apparatus for reducing spurious tones in systems of mismatched interleaved digitizers due to interleave error is provided. In various embodiments the method may include reversing the frequency content of an input signal, converting the reversed signal into interleave artifact content, delaying the input signal along a parallel path, and then subtracting the interleave content from the delayed input signal.

The goal of a sampled data system is to accurately acquire an analog signal. The required sample rate of the sampling system is dictated by the bandwidth of the analog signal to be acquired. The sample rate of the sampling system is usually at least twice that of the highest frequency being digitized. This is often called the "Nyquist rate"
Often this sample rate parameter cannot be met with a single analog-to-digital converter (or ADC), which is one type of digitizing element commonly used in this application. For this reason, a technique called interleaving is often employed. Interleaving is a technique whereby multiple digitizing elements sample the analog signal offset in time. For example, in a system having a two ADCs, the first ADC samples the signal, then the second ADC samples the signal, then the first and so on. The digital output of the ADCs may then be multiplexed or otherwise combined to yield a composite digital corresponding to the analog input signal. Use of interleaving accordingly eases the speed requirements of each of the individual ADCs.
Use of interleaving in digital oscilloscopes may accordingly provide the significant advantage of increasing the effective bandwidth of the oscilloscope. With a given set of ADCs, a substantially higher sample rate may be achieved with the use of interleaving. Increasing the sample rate correspondingly increases the maximum frequency that may be sampled by the system, which is commonly called the "bandwidth" of the oscilloscope. The term bandwidth actually refers to a frequency range rather than an upper limit. The lower end of the range is generally understood to be around 0 Hz for an oscilloscope, so the bandwidth of an oscilloscope generally corresponds to the maximum frequency that can be sampled by the system. Thus, a two-fold increase in sample rate generally yields around a two-fold increase in oscilloscope bandwidth.
However, use of interleaving usually requires matching of the timing relationship, gain, and offset of each digitizing element. When digitizers are mismatched in these characteristics the accuracy of the digitized waveform is compromised.
The quality of sampled data systems may be measured by a variety of specifications. Applicable specifications include spurious free dynamic range (SFDR), signal to noise and distortion ratio (SINAD), and effective number of bits (ENOB). SFDR is the size of the largest spurious tone (called a spur) relative to the size of the desired tone acquired (usually in dB). SINAD is the power of the desired tone acquired relative to the power of all noise and distortion components. ENOB is directly related to SINAD through a simple equation and decreases by one for each 6 dB reduction in SINAD.
One symptom of mismatched digitizers is error signal generation. One type of error signal is an artifact signal created by digital signal processing techniques. One type of artifact signal is a spurious tone. When multiple digitizers work in an interleaved configuration to digitize a waveform and a single tone is applied to the system, multiple tones result. The frequency location of the spurious tones is determined by the input frequency and the number of digitizers employed. The magnitude and phase of the spurious tones is determined by the input frequency magnitude and phase, as well as the response characteristics of the individual digitizers, including the response characteristics of the various signal paths leading to each digitizing element. These spurious tones serve to degrade the quality of the digitizing system, as measured with the aforementioned specifications.
A goal in the design of an interleaved system is to match the digitizer characteristics thereby reducing the size of the spurs. This goal can be more readily achieved when all of the digitizers utilized are housed in the same chip, thereby matching in construction and thermal characteristics and have very short paths from chip input to individual digitizer input. Attaining acceptable digitizer matching is significantly more difficult where digitizers are located on separate chips, manufactured in different lots and have long paths from the point that the analog signal is split to the chip inputs. Often, this causes the digitizer response characteristics to be mismatched in a frequency dependent manner.

Method and apparatus for artifact signal reduction in systems of mismatched interleaved digitizers


A floor apparatus (1) comprises a support base (8) and a passage base (10), each being rotatable about axes (11, 12) of rotation respectively, the support base (8) having a seat surface (13) mounted with seats (7) and a first selective surface (14), the passage base (10) having a passage surface (16) and a second selective surface (15), and a rotating device (5) for rotating the support base (8) and the passage base (10) about the axes (11, 12) of rotation respectively. The first selective surface (14) or the second selective surface (15) is selected and used depending upon events, thereby improving versatility of a floor surface in accordance with the events.

An example of floor apparatuses installed in theaters and the like is shown in FIG. 4. Such a floor apparatus 50 comprises a lift 53 liftably mounted on a base 51 via lifting jacks 52, and an audience gallery 55 provided above the lift 53 via a rotating device 54.
The audience gallery 55 comprises a plurality of support bases 61 having a seat surface 57 on which seats 56 are mounted on one selective surface thereof and a carpeted surface 60 to which carpet 58 is applied on the other selective surface thereof, and a passage base 63 (for example, a carpet is applied to the surface thereof) provided between the support bases 61.
Each of these support bases 61 is rotatably provided about the center axis of rotation 64.
The rotating device 54 comprises a rotating motor 65 installed on the lift 53, a plurality of driving pulleys 67 fixed to the output shaft 66 of the rotating motor 65, an inverted shaft 68 fixed to and spanned between both support bases 61 and provided along the center axis of rotation 64, and an inverted pulleys 71 linked with the driving pulleys 67 via transmission belts 70 and fixed to the inverted shaft 68.
In such a floor apparatus 50, the rotating motor 65 drives the driving pulleys 67, this drive force is transmitted through the transmission belts 70 to rotate the inverted pulleys 71, which in turn rotates the support bases 61 by 180.degree. about the inverted shaft 68 (the center axis of rotation 64).
With the operation of the floor apparatus 50 described above, the use of either the seat surface 57 or the carpeted surface 60 is selected according to the events in theaters.
In the floor apparatus 50 described above, however, even if the floor surfaces may be selected by rotating the support bases 61, the versatility of the floor surfaces to the events is lowered because such a floor apparatus has no mechanisms to rotate the passage base 63.
It is an object of the present invention is to provide a floor apparatus which can solve the above problem.


A gauging instrument intended to be sealingly mounted on a nozzle of a tank, and comprising an attachment collar intended to mate with said nozzle so as to face the product in the tank, a dielectric filling member with a radially extending collar portion which abuts an outer rim of said attachment collar, and an annular spring element arranged between the outer rim the radially extending collar portion. One or several fastening elements are configured to secure the attachment collar to, and in mating relationship with, the nozzle, such that the radially extending collar portion is sandwiched between the outer rim of the attachment collar and the nozzle, and the annular spring element exerts a contact pressure on the collar portion against the nozzle to thereby ensure a process seal.

Various gauging instruments are used in applications where it is required to provide satisfactory sealing of the tank or container on which the instrument is mounted. Such sealing is typically referred to as a "process seal".
In some applications, the process seal is provided by an annular sealing element, sometimes referred to as a gasket, sandwiched between an annular opening of the instrument and an annular opening on which the instrument is mounted (e.g. a tank flange).
One specific type of gauging instrument is a radar level gauge (RLG), which suitably is used for making measurements of a filling level of products such as process fluids, granular compounds and other materials contained in a tank. Radar level gauges are used in various applications, including hygienic applications, where the requirements on the process seal are especially high.
An example of such a radar level gauge can include transceiver circuitry for transmitting and receiving microwaves, a directional antenna arranged to direct microwaves towards the surface and to return microwaves reflected by the surface to the transceiver, and processing circuitry adapted to determine the filling level based on a relation between microwaves transmitted and received by the transceiver. The antenna may be adapted to a specific frequency band. The currently most used frequency bands have center frequencies of around 6 GHz or 24 GHz, although higher frequency bands may also be contemplated. A dielectric filling member may be arranged in the cavity of the antenna and/or the wave guide, in order to protect the waveguide/antenna from thermal and chemical influence from the tank atmosphere.
Such a dielectric filling member should be transmissive to microwaves, chemically resistant, preferably hydrophobic (repelling to water), and also needs to withstand temperatures and pressure which are present in the tank. Some applications, known as high-pressure, high temperature (HPHT) applications, present especially challenging conditions. One material which is often used for such filling members is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), also known as TEFLON®.
In some examples, the dielectric filling member includes a radially extending collar, which may serve as the annular sealing element, and be sandwiched between an opening of the gauge (e.g. the outer opening of a tank connection also defining the antenna) and the rim of the tank nozzle.
There are several challenges with an annular process seal or gasket. Most importantly, suitable materials, such as PTFE, will typically "creep", i.e. be deformed due to pressure and temperature. If this happens, the sealing function of the gasket may deteriorate, and gaps may form allowing contents to escape or be contaminated.
Material creeping of a sealing gasket is especially problematic in situations where the mounting of the instrument is ensured by an annular clamp, such as a tri-clamp, which may be more difficult to adjust correctly.

Gauging instrument intended to be sealingly mounted on a nozzle of a tank


The present invention relates to the art of personal mobility vehicles, particularly vehicles for the physically impaired. Particular application is found in children's wheelchairs which grow and expand with the child. However, it is to be appreciated that the present invention may also be applicable to wheelchairs for adults and may be utilized to custom fit wheelchairs to adults, may enable the chair to be utilized by adults or children of different sizes, or may be applicable to other vehicles.

The present invention relates to the art of personal mobility vehicles, particularly vehicles for the physically impaired. Particular application is found in children's wheelchairs which will have to be adaptable as the child grows. However, it is to be appreciated that the present invention may also be applicable to wheelchairs for adults and may be utilized to custom fit wheelchairs to adults, may enable the chair to be utilized by adults or children of different sizes, or may be applicable to other vehicles.
Hitherto, wheelchairs have been manufactured in various sizes to accommodate children as they grow. Manufacturing children's chairs in only fixed sizes requires frequent replacement of the entire chair and a large financial burden on parents. Accordingly, children's chairs have commonly been constructed to accommodate size alterations, thus enabling the child to use the chair over a wider range of physiological development.
In one solution, seats of different sizes have been selectively mounted on a conventional, fill size wheelchair frame. However, because the child's seat tended to be much shorter than a conventional frame, the frame extended forward significantly passed the child's feet. This excessive forward extension created difficulty in manoeuvring the chair and pulling up to tables and desks.
From EP 08885605 (Invacare) is a wheelchair suggested where the adjustments are carried out by adjusting the features such as the wheel bearings along rails provided in a sub frame. The sub frame together with the rails for adjusting the wheel base and wheel distance are provided as steel profiles which after adjustment must be refastened by means of bolts. Furthermore, a quite substantial number of parts needs to be adjusted in order to alter/adjust the size of the wheelchair which in turn allows for the occurrence of mistakes or other defaults.
Yet another adjustable wheelchair is suggested in U.S. Pat. No. 5,320,373 (Robertson et al.) wherein two substantially rigged side frames are provided in order to fasten the front and rear wheels in either side. The distance between the wheels in the driving direction of the wheelchair is not adjustable. The point of gravity may be adjusted by mounting the seat in different positions in relation to the rigged frame holding the two wheel axles. The tilt of the seat is adjusted by further displacing the two bearing arms arranged in each rigged side frame such that the tilting of the seat cannot be carried out stepless or while a person is seated in the chair. Furthermore, transfer of the point of gravity in relation to the driving direction is not possible since the distance between the wheels is fixed whereby the chair has a firm wheel base.


The present disclosure provides a thermal conducting structure applied to a network control automation system. A circuit board defines bare copper regions located at two opposite sides thereof, and copper foil layers are disposed on bare copper regions and cover sliding edges on two side panels to form a thermal conducting path. An accommodation open chamber is formed between outer shell member and two side panels thereof for positioning circuit board, the two side panels of outer shell member have elastic convex parts disposed on surfaces thereof. The circuit module cooperating with positioning structure can be inserted into docking chamber by slidably mounting sliding edge along mounting part from opening, and elastic convex parts are abutted with sidewall around mounting parts to form thermal conducting path, so that heat generated during operation can be conducted to cooler bracket thereby increasing entire heat dissipation area and further improving heat dissipation efficiency.

1. Field of the Invention
The present disclosure relates to a thermal conducting structure applied to a network control automation system, more particularly to a thermal conducting structure capable of conducting the heat generated during operation of the heat source of the circuit module to a cooler bracket for heat dissipation via copper foil layers located at two opposite side ends of the circuit board in cooperation with the positioning structure, so as to improve overall heat dissipation efficiency.
2. Description of the Related Art
With the rapid development of electronic technology, computers, laptops and other computer equipment are ubiquitous in every corner of society, and their development trend towards high computing power, fast speed and small size. However, with open framework of the computer equipment, standardization of software and hardware and continuous expansion and upgrading in functions, manufacturers start to develop industrial computers used in different professional fields including applications of industrial control, industrial automation, network and communication equipment, machine vision, intelligent transport system, and so on. Moreover, the industrial computers also can be used in military, transportation, aerospace field or other industrial applications which are required for high reliability and stability, thereby satisfying customer's requirements for particular specification and various high-efficiency operations in the severe environment.
Further, because the information industry progresses continually and network communication technology boosts, a new generation industrial automation equipment based on an instant communication interface develops quickly and vigorously. A servo control technology used by traditional automation equipment and machine platform has problems, such as poor multi-shaft synchronous and instant performance, insufficient resolution, restriction due to numerous wires, and noise interference, etc. Therefore, serial servo control technologies which can utilize the instant communication system to transfer digital signals and control parameters via a network media and be applied for various transfer communication protocols used by industrial automatic control systems, are provided in recent years. For example, the EtherCAT is a new open-ended technology, a fieldbus technology based on Ethernet network architecture, and also a distributed I/O system having high performance. The EtherCAT technology has advantages in easy wiring, cost saving, anti-interference and remote control, and also has potential in developing a motion control technology having higher speed and high precision, so that the EtherCAT and the motion control technology can be integrated as a distributed control servo drive system to replace a large single control system. However, because of development trend of the industrial automatic control system towards smaller size and higher speed, a temperature of the FPGA chip, the CPU, the chipset, the image processor or other heat source on a circuit board will also be greatly raised. Therefore, an important issue for stabilization of industrial automatic control system is how to ensure that the system can be operated normally at a permissive temperature and its overall heat dissipation efficiency can be improved. The important issue has been regarded as a problem to be solved effectively by people who engage in this industry.

Thermal conducting structure applied to network control automation system


A machine is disclosed. The machine may include a continuously variable transmission, a location or movement module, and a controller. The controller may receive a first signal indicating a transmission output speed for the machine. The controller may receive, from the location or movement module, a second signal indicating location or movement information of the machine. The controller may determine a traction value based on the first signal and the second signal. The controller may determine a rimpull limit value based on the traction value. The controller may provide the rimpull limit value to the continuously variable transmission, wherein the continuously variable transmission is to determine a transmission output torque of the machine based on the rimpull limit value.

Machines, such as wheel loaders, dozers, and other heavy equipment, are used to perform many tasks. To effectively perform these tasks, the machines require an engine that provides torque through a transmission to one or more ground engagements, such as treads, tires, and/or the like. A force at the ground engagement may be referred to as a rimpull. A machine may encounter significant wheel slip when engaging a pile, which may cause wear. A coefficient of traction may be used to determine a rimpull limit based on which to throttle torque so that wheel slip is controlled. For example, this coefficient of traction may be a default value or may be specified by an operator. However, a coefficient of traction may not be universally applicable in different situations and different underfoot conditions. Therefore, there is a need for a technique for adjusting coefficient of traction for different situations without relying on a default value or an operator-specified value.
One attempt to adjust a performance of a machine based on wheel slip is disclosed in European Patent No. 2907368 that issued to Hoberge et al. on Jun. 21, 2017 ("the '368 patent"). In particular, the '368 patent discloses "a traction control automatic control system for a tractor pulling a trailer, in particular a field sprayer." The traction control automatic control system may include "means for detecting the driving speed" such as "a radar system and/or an ultrasonic sensor and/or a GPS sensor." The traction control automatic control system may "determine whether a relevant deviation between the traveling speed of the field sprayer and the driving speed of the driven wheels of the tractor is determined on the basis of the obtained data." "A deviation may then be considered relevant if, for example, the difference between the wheel rotational speed of the driven wheels and the vehicle speed is greater than a predefined threshold value . . . If the threshold is exceeded, the control unit can assume a slip . . . The control unit can be designed to change a load on the tractor and/or a working depth of the trailer . . . as traction-enhancing measures."
While the traction control automatic control system of the '368 patent may disclose a system for controlling slip of a tractor using a working depth of a trailer, the '368 patent fails to disclose determination of a rimpull limit based on a wheel slip. Furthermore, the '368 patent fails to disclose modification of a transmission output torque of a machine based on the rimpull limit, rather than based on a working depth of a trailer.
The power system of the present disclosure solves one or more of the problems set forth above and/or other problems in the art.


A method, apparatus and product for identifying a bot agent using behavioral features. The method comprising obtaining a set of behavioral features of a usage of an input device during an interaction of an agent with a page, wherein the set of behavioral features are consistent with a human-generated interaction, wherein the set of behavioral features are generated based on events obtained from a client device used by the agent; automatically estimating whether the agent is a bot based on comparison of the set of behavioral features with one or more additional sets of behavioral features, wherein the one or more additional sets of behavioral features were previously obtained based on interactions of one or more agents with one or more pages; and in response to an estimation that the agent is a bot, performing a responsive action.

In the context of the present disclosure a "bot" is an automatic software agent that accesses web pages of websites. Bots can potentially harm websites in various ways, such as data scraping, advertisement fraud, credential stuffing, Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, and more. Bots have become a substantial problem in today's World Wide Web. For example, some studies indicate that billions of dollars are stolen every year by bot fraudsters.
One known method to distinguish bots from human interaction is Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA). A CAPTCHA is a challenge-response test used to determine whether or not the user is human. A CAPTCHA presents a challenge to the agent accessing a web page. Typically, the challenge may be a task that automated tools are less prone to respond correctly, such as identifying numbers or letters in a distorted image, which may be a relatively easy task for a human and relatively hard task for an automated agent.

Utilizing behavioral features to identify bot