A method and apparatus for transmitting a transport block, and a method and apparatus for receiving a transport block are provided. The method includes: acquiring, by a transmitting node, a data signal obtained by performing a process of a physical layer procedure on the transport block, where the physical layer procedure at least includes channel coding and modulating, one transport block has multiple modulating and coding schemes, the multiple modulating and coding schemes include multiple modulating schemes, or multiple coding schemes, or multiple modulating schemes and multiple coding schemes; and transmitting, by the transmitting node, the data signal and a control signal corresponding to the data signal to a receiving node.

In a mobile communication system, due to time-varying characteristics of a wireless fading channel, there is a large amount of uncertainty in a communication process. In order to improve the system throughput, high-order modulation with higher transmission rate and error correction codes with less redundancy may be employed for communications, in this way, when a signal-to-noise ratio of the wireless fading channel is ideal, the system throughput may be greatly improved. However, when the channel is in deep fading, reliable and stable communications may not be guaranteed. In addition, in order to ensure the reliability of the communications, low-order modulation with lower transmission rate and error correction codes with large redundancy may be employed for communications, that is, when the wireless channel is in deep fading, reliable and stable communications may be guaranteed. However, when the signal-to-noise ratio of the channel is relatively high, since the transmission rate is relatively low, which limits the improvement of the system throughput, resources will be wasted. In the early development of the mobile communication technology, people may resist the time-varying characteristics of the wireless fading channel and may guarantee the communication quality of the system when the channel is in deep fading only by increasing a transmission power of a transmitter and using a modulation and coding method with low order and large redundancy, without considering how to improve the system throughput. With the advancement of the technical level, there has been a technique that may adaptively adjust its transmission power, modulating and coding scheme, and frame length of data according to a state of the channel to overcome the time-varying characteristics of the channel, thereby obtaining a better communication effect, which is called an adaptive coding and modulation technology belonging to a typical link adaptation technique.
In a long term evolution (LTE) system, in order to implement an adaptive coding and modulation technique, a control signaling including channel state information (CSI) is uplink transmitted. The CSI includes a channel quality indication (CQI), a pre-coding matrix indicator (PMI), and a rank indicator (RI). The CSI reflects a state of a downlink physical channel. A base station uses the CSI to perform downlink scheduling and perform data coding and modulation. The feedback of the CSI may be periodic or non-periodic.
The CQI is an indicator used to measure the quality of the downlink channel. In a 36-213 protocol, the CQI is represented by an integer value of 0 to 15, which respectively represent different levels of the CQI, and different CQIs correspond to respective modulation and coding schemes (MCS), as shown in Table 1. The level of the CQI selected by a user equipment (UE) should be such that a block error rate of a transport block (TB) of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) corresponding to the CQI in the corresponding MCS is not greater than 0.1.
TABLE 1CQI ModulatingCode rate ×Spectral indexscheme1024efficiency0out of range1QPSK780.15232QPSK1200.23443QPSK1930.37704QPSK3080.60165QPSK4490.87706QPSK6021.1758716QAM3781.4766816QAM4901.9141916QAM6162.40631064QAM4662.73051164QAM5673.32231264QAM6663.90231364QAM7724.52341464QAM8735.11521564QAM9485.5547
In the above Table 1, QAM represents quadrature amplitude modulation, and QPSK represents quadrature phase shift keying, which is a digital modulation mode.
After experiencing several versions Rel-8/9/10/11 of the LTE system, a research on the R12 technique begins. In a Rel-11 standard, the uplink and a downlink support the modulating and coding scheme of up to 64QAM. Along with the development of a heterogeneous network, small cells require higher data transmission rate and higher system spectral efficiency, introducing a higher-order modulating and coding scheme of 256 QAM.
In the LTE, in addition to a differential CQI, the CQI is represented by 4 bits. The bits of the CQI are included in uplink control information (UCI) for being reported. The base station performs scheduling according to the CQI reported by the terminal, and determines a downlink MCS index and resource allocation information. Among them, a LTE protocol of the Rel-8 defines a modulation and TBS index table (hereinafter also referred to as a MCS Table or MCS table). As shown in Table 2, the table has 32 levels, basically each level corresponds to one MCS index, and each MCS index essentially corresponds to an MCS (or a spectral efficiency, the MCS is not limited to the MCS of Table 1). The resource allocation information indicates the number of physical resource blocks (NPRB) that downlink transmission needs to occupy. The LTE standard also provides a TBS table, according to the TBS table, a transport block size (TBS) may be obtained given the MCS index and the NPRB. With these coding and modulation parameters (including the MCS, a physical resource block (PRB), the TBS), the base station may perform coding and modulation on downlink data for downlink transmission.
TABLE 2MCS Index IMCSModulation Order QmTBS Index ITBS0201212223234245256267278289291049114101241113412144131541416415176151861619617206182161922620236212462225623266242762528626/26A292reserved304316
After receiving data transmitted by the downlink, the terminal needs to acquire the MCS index and the TBS transmitted by the downlink for demodulating and decoding the data. The base station transmits downlink control information, including a 5-bit MCS index and a resource allocation location, by using a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in a specific downlink control information (DCI) format (DCI format). After acquiring the downlink control information, the terminal obtains the TBS according to the TBS table, and is used for demodulation and decoding. The DCI format includes more of a DCI format 0, a DCI format 1, a DCI format 1A, a DCI format 1B, a DCI format 1C, a DCI format 1D, a DCI format 2, a DCI format 2A, a DCI format 2B, a DCI format 2C, a DCI format 2D, a DCI format 3 and a DCI format 3A.
In addition, in the long term evolution (LTE) system, intra-cell interference is generally small due to the use of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique. However, due to inter-cell frequency multiplexing, inter-cell interference is relatively large, resulting in relatively poor cell-edge performance. In order to improve the performance of cell-edge users and meet requirements of the cell-edge spectral efficiency, the coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission technique is introduced in a long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A) system. The CoMP technique is coordinated by multiple neighboring base stations or nodes, and provides services for one cell-edge user, so that a lower cell-edge user receives a co-channel interference of a neighboring cell, and the service quality of the cell-edge user is improved. Among them, the CoMP technique mainly includes three types: joint transmission (JT for short), dynamic point selection/dynamic point blanking (DPS/DPB for short), and coordinated scheduling coordinated beamforming (CSCB for short). For the JT, a serving cell and a coordinated cell jointly provide signal transmission to a target user on the same time-frequency resource. For the terminal, an interference signal becomes a useful signal at this time, so that the receiving quality of the signal may be greatly improved.
As shown in FIG. 1, the non-correlated JT technique has two base stations jointly serving the user. At this time, the serving cell and the coordinated cell respectively transmit a transport block/codeword stream (such as w0 and w1) to the user through an antenna array, and in this way, there are interferences between different transport blocks/codeword streams. In addition, it is possible for the serving cell and the coordinated cell to independently schedule different transport blocks/codeword streams, which may cause partial overlap of resource allocation among coordinated nodes, that is, there are interferences on some physical resource blocks, and there is no interference on some physical transport blocks, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. However, the current standard specifies that the same modulating and coding scheme is used on all frequency-domain resources occupied by the same transport block, so that the above situation will lead to poor adaptability of a link, thereby influencing the overall performance of the system. In addition, for a case where the 5G New-RAT needs to support hybrid of multiple services, including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine type communications (MMTC) and the like, there is a special interference situation in a multi-service hybrid scenario. As shown in FIG. 4, the same modulating and coding scheme used on all frequency-domain resources occupied by the same transport block specified in the current standard may not be applicable to the 5G New-RAT. In addition, for multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO), there may be a case where different users and numbers are multiplexed on different frequency-domain resources. As shown in FIG. 5, the current standard does not support this situation.

Method and apparatus for transmitting transport block, and method and apparatus for receiving transport block


The present invention relates to a pigment composition comprising a pigment treated with a water-dispersible polyester or polyesteramide polymer in the absence of added water. The invention also relates to a method grinding a mixture containing of a pigment with a water-dispersible polyester or polyesteramide in the absence of added water. Such pigment compositions are particularly useful as the colorant in cosmetic compositions.

The manufacture of color cosmetics, such as foundations, blushes, eyeshadows, lipsticks, as well as other colored materials, such as inks, necessarily involves a step of incorporating pigments into the formulation. When the final product has a liquid, particularly aqueous, base, the incorporation of the pigment is problematic, as the most commonly used pigments, such as titanium or iron oxides, are insoluble particles which do not easily blend into the liquid base. These particles can be physically dispersed in water. Once incorporated, however, particles can tend to reagglomerate due to the natural incompatibility of the pigments with water in the formulation; particles can also be adversely affected by the liquid environment, resulting in a loss of color stability. This can give rise to a product which is non-uniform, and unacceptable both to the manufacturer and to the average consumer.
In an effort to enhance the dispersibility of pigment particles and to hinder tendencies for reagglomeration, the industry has often turned to coating of pigment particles. Pigment coatings are chosen for their ability to render the coated particles more compatible with the environment in which they are to be used. Such coating materials are well-known, and have been described for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,349,389; 5,013,543; 3,546,008; 3,734,874; 3,779,993; and 4,233,196. The coatings described in the latter four references, which are polyesters and polyesteramides, are particularly useful for preparing water-dispersible pigments. However, the recommended method for preparation and dispersion of the coated pigments is a wet process, using relatively small quantities of coating. Although to some extent effective, this methodology can result in incomplete coating of the pigment, which can ultimately permit reaggregation of the pigments. The wet preparation process also results, even after drying, in a pigment which does not store well for long periods of time and may be subject to bacterial contamination. The present invention now provides a dry treated pigment which is stable even after prolonged storage time, and which disperses easily, and without reagglomeration, in an aqueous base.

Method for manufacture of pigment-containing cosmetic compositions


A training cartridge for use in firearm malfunction training is disclosed. The training cartridge is used in a firearm including a clip or magazine to prevent conventional ammunition cartridges from being properly fed into the firing chamber of the firearm. The training cartridge includes a generally cylindrical body, a skirt portion extending outwardly relative to an outer surface of the body, an annular rim spaced from a lower surface of the skirt that is oriented toward the rim such that an annular recess is formed between the lower surface of the skirt and the rim. A feed malfunction is induced when a conventional ammunition cartridge, as it is fed into the firing chamber, is snagged by the adjacent training cartridge.

Hereinafter the term "firearm" collectively refers to pistols, rifles, automatic weapons, etc. The terms "round" and "cartridge" may be used interchangeably, and "live" or "conventional" ammunition, rounds, and cartridges contain explosive powder and a bullet, whereas a "training" or "dummy" cartridge does not.
In the normal course of training use and operation of a firearm, the trainee is required to perform various exercises so as to become familiar with the performance of the firearm and to familiarize himself with operation of the firearm at different conditions, including unusual conditions and malfunctions and stoppages. Such training improves the skills of the operator so as to anticipate proper functioning in live events, when said operator is under stress and often at unusual and unfamiliar conditions.
Sometimes during use of a firearm which uses ammunition feeding clips or magazines, two rounds or cartridges can become jammed with one another when being fed or forced toward a firing chamber of a firearm. Such jamming may be caused by an improper seating of a cartridge within a clip or magazine, the failure of a feed spring within a clip or magazine, dirt or debris within the clip or magazine, dirt or debris within the firearm, or a defect in the structure of a round or cartridge being fed toward the firing chamber of the firearm. Regardless of the reason, the failure of a firearm to operate properly can be catastrophic for an individual relying on the functionality of the firearm. This is especially true for military and police who may be faced with life threatening circumstances wherein the firearm must be functional.
One type of jamming malfunction is caused by the chambered round of ammunition misfiring, or not firing, leaving a not-completely-discharged round in the chamber that must be cleared out before the weapon can be fired again properly. This first type of malfunction is referred to, for example, as a "Type 1" malfunction", "live trigger stoppage", or "phase-one stoppage".
Another type of malfunction is a "Type 3" malfunction, or "double-feed stoppage," which typically occurs when a round, live or spent, fails to eject from the chamber due, for example, to faulty ammunition or a damaged spent round extractor. In this case, a second round tries to automatically feed into the chamber, but is blocked by the un-ejected round. The spring pressure on the firearm's self-loading mechanism, to push the second round forward into firing position, pushes the front of the second round against the back of the un-ejected first round, and jams and disables the firearm. In order to clear the jammed firearm, the shooter must forcibly remove the magazine, manually remove both the un-ejected and blocked rounds, and ensure that both the chamber and magazine well are clear. Then, the shooter may insert a loaded magazine, and cycle the loading mechanism to result in a live round in the chamber, ready to fire.
Unfortunately, simply being taught how to clear a jam of ammunition in a firearm does not teach someone how to immediately react when a jam occurs. It is possible that some personnel may never experience a jamming event during normal firearms training and thus such personnel will not react as naturally and as quickly as someone who has been trained, through actual experience, how to quickly clear a jam of ammunition in a firearm. Accordingly, it is beneficial to provide training in a live-fire exercise. One particular type of exercise involves introducing a blank round into a magazine, clip, etc. Such a round may be introduced randomly among live ammunition whereby an attempt to fire such a round will unexpectedly generate an ammunition-related stoppage requiring the operator to rapidly react and overcome the stoppage and act according to the respective procedures.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,423,221 to Bonner describes a malfunction training dummy round for use in live fire training and simulation of firearm malfunctions. The dummy round includes voids or channels along the length of the round that interact with various parts of the firearm or magazine, or interface with adjacent live rounds in the magazine assembly, to prevent proper orientation or movement of the dummy round and simulate various malfunctions. Unlike the longitudinal voids and channels of Bonner, the training cartridge disclosed herein has an annular recess that engages the rim/base of an adjacent live round to induce a feed malfunction.
U.S. Patent Publication 2017/0363398 to McCloy describes a malfunction round that has a front end portion that is oversized in diameter and does not fit properly or fully through the firearm breech, to jam the firearm loading mechanism at the breech. When the malfunction round reaches the top of the magazine, the oversized nature of its front end does not fit properly or entirely through the breech, and therefore, does not fit properly or entirely in the chamber as would live round. Further, this malfunction round is designed to not interfere with or snag live rounds, and the jam is caused by the malfunction round itself stopping at, or partially in, the breech. Unlike the malfunction round of McCloy, the training cartridge disclosed herein is adapted to catch or snag an adjacent live round as the live round is being fed from the top of the magazine, causing a double-feed malfunction.
Therefore, the present invention provides a unique structure and operation that realistically simulates a feed malfunction in a firearm in the manner that is different from the existing technology, and is advantageous to the field of firearm malfunction training and preparedness for police officers, military personnel, and the like.

Double feed training cartridge for firearms


A method and system for providing navigational support through corrective data includes monitoring a user's current position and travel pattern. A likelihood that the user is lost may be calculated based on the user's travel pattern and current position. If the likelihood exceeds a threshold value, the user may be provided with corrective data such as photographs or landmark information through visual or audio communication to assist the user in taking a corrective action or preventing getting lost.

Existing navigational support solutions monitor a user's position on a map, and may allow the user to select a point of origin and a destination to obtain a recommend a route. These solutions may monitor the user along the recommended route and suggest a new one if the user deviates from recommended route. These solutions do not recognize patterns in the user's travel, are not proactive, and depend on there being a recommended path. They also offer only limited assistance in taking corrective action and lessening the likelihood of being lost in the future.

Providing navigational support through corrective data

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


One or more flexible magnetic Resonance (MR) receive coils are constructed of a flexible material and connected to a flexible base to produce a module. Each module has the coils overlapping by a predetermined amount to minimize coupling between the coils. The modules may be connected by attachment means placed at predefined locations to cause overlap of adjacent coils such that the coupling is minimized. Balanced-unbalanced ("baluns") may be used to couple each receive coil to its lead cable connecting it to the MR imaging electronics. The baluns effectively isolate the coils from the cables and each other to optimize signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention corresponds to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and more specifically to modular receive coils for MRI.
2. Discussion of Prior Art
Typically surface coils may be used in Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging to receive MR response signals for a region of a subject to create an MR image of that region.
Best results occur when the region imaged is at a depth from the surface coil being approximately the diameter of the surface coil. This provides a high signal/noise (S/N) ratio image. A disadvantage is that the field-of-view (FOV) tends to be small.
Several surface receive coils may be used, termed "phased array coils" to provide a larger FOV. Phased array coils are described in U. S. Pat. No. 4,825,162 Roemer, Edelstein "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Imaging with Multiple Surface Coils" issued Apr. 25, 1989, assigned to the present assignee and hereby incorporated by reference. Phased array coils must have predefined overlap between them in order to reduce coil "coupling" which reduces the S/N ratio, and are generally pre-constructed on a fixed surface. Since the degree of flux through each coil changes as the coils are distorted, they are also typically constructed on a non-flexible material.
The S/N ratio drops off as coils move away from the intended imaging volume, and the surface coils must be as close as possible to the surface of the subject. The use of phased array coils on rigid boards does not allow the coils to conform to the surface of the subject, resulting in a low S/N ratio image.
Also, different receive coils are used to image different parts of a subject. Head coils are typically used to image a subject's head and a body coil or flat surface coil typically are used to image a subject's back.
U. S. Pat. No. 5,435,302 "Flexible Surface Coils for Use in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging" by Lenkinski et al. issued Jul. 25, 1995 describes the use of a single flexible MR surface receive coil which conforms to the surface of the subject's face or neck. This, however, does not describe how to make coils to image different parts of a subject's anatomy, and also requires a special coil for imaging the neck as opposed to one used for imaging orbits of a subject's eyes.
Currently, there is a need for MR surface receive coils which have a large field of view, fit closely to surface of subject, have a large signal-to-noise ratio, and may be used to easily image different parts of subject.

Flexible lightweight attached phased-array (FLAP) receive coils


Switching characteristics in an SPDT switch are improved to reduce the rise delay in a low power slot following after a high power slot. Control terminals of an SPDT switch are respectively provided with backflow prevention circuits. The backflow prevention circuit is configured to have two transistors and a diode. In a transmission mode, for example, when a time slot where a high power passes through transistors is followed by a time slot where a low power passes through, the electric charges accumulated in the gates of the transistors are blocked. In the case where the transistors are in the OFF state, the electric charges accumulated in the gates of the transistors are immediately discharged to allow the transistors to be completely turned OFF.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor integrated device that is mounted on mobile communication equipment and the like, and more particularly to a technology effective in reducing distortion of the transmitted/received signals.
Recently, mobile phones have been developing with various services implemented using data communication in addition to voice communication.
The typical frequency bands of the mobile phone in Europe are the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communicator) system in the 900 MHz band and the DCS (Digital Cellular System) in the 1.8 GHz band, while those in the United States are the PCS (Personal Communication Service) system in the 1.9 GHz band and the GSM system in the 850 MHz band. In addition, the W-CDMA system using the 2 GHz band is now added and the situation makes it essential for the mobile phone terminal to introduce multi-band/multi-mode capabilities.
Along with the introduction of such multi-band/multi-mode capabilities to the mobile phone, a compact and high-performance SPDT (Single-Pole Double-Throw) switch is required for transmit/receive switching, which can select complex high frequency signals.
The SPDT switch is mainly required to reduce higher harmonic distortion.
In order to achieve the reduction of higher harmonic distortion, for example, there is a technology where FETs (Field Effect Transistors) making up the SPDT switch are connected in a cascade configuration (see Patent Reference 1).
When electric power sent from a transmission circuit is transmitted to the side of an antenna through the SPDT switch, the FET, which is in the OFF state and connected to the side of a reception circuit and the antenna side, will not be turned ON because it is not affected by the power of the transmission circuit. Thus, the input power is output to the antenna without leaking to a receiving system, so that a low-loss switch can be realized.
Further, the RF (high frequency) voltage on the FET is dispersed due to the cascaded connection, so that the RF voltage per stage can be reduced. The gate-source capacitance (Cgs) and gate-drain capacitance (Cgd), which cause the harmonic distortion, and the RF voltage imposed on the ON-resistance are all reduced, so that the harmonic distortion can be reduced.
As a measure to further improve the harmonic distortion in the introduction of the multi-gate capability, there is a technology that employs a circuit where a potential supply wiring is provided at a midpoint between the gates of a dual-gate FET (see Patent Reference 2). This makes it possible to stabilize the midpoint potential. As a result, the harmonic distortion can be reduced.
As another measure to improve the harmonic distortion in the introduction of the multi-gate capability, there is a technology that suppresses the amount of potential reduction due to a leak current by changing the potential supply wiring at the midpoint between the gates of the dual-gate FET, thereby to improve the harmonic distortion (see Patent Reference 3).
Further, some of the common SPDT switches are provided with a booster circuit for further reducing the distortion, taking into account the circuit technologies of the above described Patent References 1 to 3.
This booster circuit is connected to the gates of FETs connected between the side of a transmission circuit and the side of an antenna, respectively. When one of the FETs is turned ON, the booster circuit takes a high frequency power from the FET, generates a boosted voltage (approx. 4.5 V) which is higher than a control voltage (approx. 2 V), and applies the boosted voltage to the gate of the FET.
Further, the boosted voltage is applied through the gate of the ON-state FET, to a drain (source) of another OFF-state FET. The gate of the OFF-state FET are at a reference potential VSS (0 V), so that the gate-to-source (drain) voltage Vgs (Vgd) of the FETs is a negative voltage (up to about minus 4.5 V).
Thus, the FET enters a deeper OFF state where the gate-source capacitance (Cgs) and the gate-drain capacitance (Cgd) both decrease, so that the harmonic distortion can be reduced.
Patent Reference 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 8(1996)-70245
Patent Reference 2: Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-353715
Patent Reference 3: Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-181669

Semiconductor integrated circuit device and high frequency power amplifier module


Eye detection is used as the basis for providing power management or other variations of operational parameters of a controlled device. The system includes an imager and eye detection processing which cooperate to detect light received from a person's eye. The eye detection processing generates an output that can be used for determinations regarding presence of one or more persons or presence of a specific person. This output is used as the basis for switching the controlled device between at least two power consumption states. Eye detection may also be used to allow a person to actively adjust operational conditions of the controlled device, since unnatural eye blinking patterns may be associated with particular commands.

A variety of different types of electronic devices provide utility only when viewed. Examples of these types of devices include televisions, computer monitors, laptop displays, displays for cellular telephones and personal digital assistants, and tablet computer displays.
Some electronic devices that present visual images for human benefit, such as plasma screen televisions, require considerable power. Other devices which present visual images are more energy efficient, but require the use of at least one battery. The batteries are typically rechargeable, but recharging the battery is often inconvenient for the user. Some devices operate in environments in which energy is limited and therefore valuable. Consequently, minimizing power waste is an important product function.
In addition to considerations related to power consumption, there are other benefits which result from limiting operations of electronic devices to those times in which the operation provides utility. One such benefit is that the useful lifetime of the device may be extended. Thus, if an electronic device, such as a plasma screen television, has a finite lifetime expectancy in terms of hours in use, the value of the device over time can be increased by properly regulating the use of the device. This applies to low-cost devices that do not include visual displays, such as light sources. Thus, the useful life of a light inside an oven or closet can be extended if the light is turned "on" only when a person looks through the oven window or looks into the closet.
There are approaches to automatically turning a device "on" and/or "off" at appropriate times. One known technique is to monitor activity by input devices of a computer system. Thus, when there is a prolonged period in which there is no activity at a keyboard or computer mouse, a computer system may be switched to a reduced power state. Then, when the user of the computer system causes movement of the mouse or initiates a keystroke, the system returns to its fully operational state. Many televisions include "sleep" timers in which the television will turn off automatically after a particular period of time. The various known techniques for automatically changing the state of a device operate well for their intended purpose, but include limitations.
Other operational parameters of an electronic device may be adjusted without contacting the device. For example, the volume or channel of a television may be changed using a remote control unit. The unit significantly increases the convenience of making repeated changes to the operational parameters of the device. However, there may be times in which the remote control unit is not readily available, such as when the unit has been misplaced. U.S. Pat. No. 6,163,281 to Torch describes a system and method for communicating with a device using eye movement. Glasses may be specially equipped to include an emitter for directing light towards an eye and to include a sensor for detecting light reflected from the eye. A radio frequency transmitter then transmits a stream of data to a remote location, such as a receiving and processing unit for controlling a device. The stream of data may be a binary signal, such as Morse code. The patent primarily describes the sensor as being a single photocell connected to the frame of the glasses, but states that an array of sensors may be substituted, with the processor accessing the signals from each sensor in the array to create a stream of data indicating the percentage of surface area of the eye covered by the eyelid. The Torch system and method provides advantages relative to the use of the conventional remote control unit, but requires that the optical components be close to the person's eye in order to acquire reliable information.

Using eye detection for providing control and power management of electronic devices


An intermittent transmission control system based on a TDMA system which involves a burst transmission, has a sound presence detector for detecting presence or absence of sound information to be transmitted on the basis of an aural signal input from a microphone; a switch unit for switching types of the burst transmission; and a call control processor for causing the switch unit to switch the types of the burst transmission in such a way that a normal burst transmission containing the sound information is performed if presence of the sound information is detected by the sound presence detector, whereas a reduced burst transmission containing time interval information of the burst transmission is performed if no burst transmission is performed for a predetermined time. The call control processor also causes the switch unit to switch the types of the burst transmission in such a way that the normal burst transmission containing Fast Associated Control Channel information is performed.

The present invention relates to an intermittent transmission control system as may be used in a cellular portable telephone system or the like, and more particularly, to an intermittent transmission control system useable in a communication system which involves a burst transmission.
The current digital radio portable terminal such as a personal handy phone system (PHS), which is a personal communications services in Japan, for example, employs 1.9 GHz band as a frequency band, a carrier spacing of 300 kHz, an access scheme which has four channel multiplexed multi-carrier TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), and a transmission scheme of TDD (Time Division Duplex). With this access scheme and transmission scheme, a signal on a single frequency is divided into eight slots per five milliseconds, for example, with four slots assigned to each of a down-link communication (from the base station to the terminal) and an up-link communication (from the terminal to the base station). This allows four bilateral communication channels to be simultaneously established on a single carrier.
Data is transmitted between the terminal and the base station by utilizing .pi./4 shift QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) and a voice coding scheme which includes a compression encoding of a PCM aural signal from a rate of 64 kbit/second to a rate of 32 kbit/second according to the ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation) system.
A carrier frequency is divided into a control and a communication section with the control carrier being always shared by different terminals. As for the communication carrier section, each time a terminal requires a communication, the terminal identifies and uses an empty carrier and an empty slot, and whenever a radio interference occurs, the communication is shifted to another carrier and/or slot to avoid the interference.
For a communication in either a TDMA cellular system as employed in Japan and the United States in which one channel is allocated to each of the down-link and the up-link or a multi-carrier TDMA system as adopted for PHS in which a channel is allocated to a combined up--and down-link, there is a need for a burst control at a given timing upon initiation of a transmission and for a power saving during the non-transmission interval (standby time).
For example, by turning a pin switch within a radio unit on/off at a given timing, a burst control of an output signal from a mixer is achieved, and the output signal is then passed through a transmit/receive switch, a bandpass filter or the like to be radiated from an antenna. In this instance, during the non-transmission interval (or standby time), the gate voltage of a transmission power amplifier is controlled so as to suppress the drain current of a transistor in the amplifier, thus achieving a power saving.
Moreover, it is generally known that a reduction in the power consumption is enabled in the TDMA system by performing a burst transmission on the side of a mobile station only when the sound presence is detected in the sound presence or absence detecting process, i.e., the presence of sound input from the microphone is detected
However, with the conventional intermittent transmission control system as mentioned, there has been a difficulty experienced by a burst receiver of the base station, monitoring the arrival of a burst, in determining whether a failure of arrival of the burst is due to the fact that the voice from the mobile station is silent, to a degradation in the quality of a radio channel (as caused by a fading, the mobile station being located behind a building or a reduction in the level of electric field because the mobile station is far removed from the base station) or a result of failure of resynchronization upon hand-off. This means that the base station takes long time in rendering a determination as to whether a mobile station is still receiving a transmission from the base station.
In addition, a difficulty is sometimes experienced in the reception of aburst by the base station when a silent interval is long lasting. Specifically, there has been a problem that difficulties are presented in achieving AGC (Automatic Gain Control), AFC (Automatic Frequency Control) and a burst location.

Intermittent transmission control system


A holding apparatus/workpiece adapter apparatus arrangement includes a holding apparatus and a workpiece adapter apparatus. The workpiece adapter apparatus is positioned and fixed, with a workpiece fastened thereto, by the holding apparatus. The holding apparatus has partially cylindrical positioning elements, which engage in an associated cylindrical positioning recess and a positioning slot and position the workpiece adapter apparatus in an x and a y direction. The workpiece adapter apparatus bears by mating contact surfaces against contact surfaces of the holding apparatus and is clamped by linearly displaceable clamping elements and pressed against the contact surfaces, and thus positioned in a z direction. For clamping, clamping surfaces of the clamping elements bear against mating clamping surfaces of the workpiece adapter apparatus.

WO 2015/032 602 A1 discloses a workpiece adapter apparatus and an associated holding apparatus. The workpiece adapter apparatus comprises a holding body, on the first side of which a workpiece is able to be fixed and on the second side of which two cylindrical receptacles are formed. The workpiece adapter apparatus is placed byway of the receptacles on centering elements of the holding apparatus and positioned in this way. For fixing the workpiece adapter apparatus, the holding apparatus has swing clamps, which are rotatable about a pivot axis and, for fixing the workpiece adapter apparatus, engage in intermediate spaces of the holding body.
DE 10 2005 033 468 A1 discloses clamping apparatuses that are arranged on a machine bed. The clamping apparatuses have fixing elements that are firmly connected to a workpiece carrier. The fixing elements are oriented transversely to their longitudinal axis by means of a respective centering cone and are clamped by means of a respective radially displaceable clamping part. The respective clamping part has a wedge surface, which cooperates with an inclined surface of the associated fixing element. As a result of the fixing elements being clamped, the workpiece carrier fastened thereto is thus at the same time oriented in the direction of the longitudinal axes of the fixing elements and transversely to the longitudinal axes and positioned.

Clamping device with a work-piece adapter apparatus and a holding apparatus


A guide for a portable saw having a work surface engaging plate which is formed primarily of a base and pin affixed to the work surface engaging plate, the pin being in line with the blade and engaging the kerf made by the blade to cause the blade to produce a straight cut in the work surface and spread the work surface apart and away from the blade.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to portable saw accessories and more particularly to a guide for a portable saw to produce straight cuts in work surfaces and prevent the blade from binding.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Numerous devices and accessories for saws have been developed to achieve straight and efficient cuts. Examples of such are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,656,519; 3,674,065 and 4,920,845. These devices are primarily used on relatively large permanent saws and primarily function to stabilize blade vibration, prevent kickback or permit effecient introduction of the work piece against the saw blade. Those that relate to smaller portable saws are generally of the nature of the disclosure shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,920,845 for a miter box wherein the saw is introduced to an apparatus that will guide it along a desired cutting line. Other traditional techniques involve the releasable securement of a straight edge to the surface in which a cut is to be made so that the portable saw can be urged against the edge and moved forward to perform the cut. This of course requires time consuming attachment and release of the guide to be certain that it is in perfect alignment with the cutting position. Few devices are known that will enable the free hand cutting of a straight line in a work piece, and it is to this need that the present invention is directed.


A method and apparatus is disclosed for synchronizing files stored in memory of two remotely located systems. The system can generate a copy of a source file at the destination location without transferring all the data of the source file. The destination location includes a reference file that can contain similar data as that contained in the source file. The synchronization is accomplished by sending keys (representing reference blocks of data from the reference file) to the source system. At the source system, a portion of each keys called a Feature is compared with portions of source file. If the Features match, a checksum corresponding to the reference block is compared with a check sum corresponding to the source block. If the checksums match, an short message identifying the key and reference block that matched is transmitted to the destination system in order that the reference block can be copied from the reference file in order to build the synchronized file.

The present invention relates generally to a system for transferring data between computer storage devices, and more particularly to a system for efficiently synchronizing the contents of specific files stored on two remotely located computers.
There is currently a marked growth and dependence upon mobile and remote computing systems. These systems allow users to access data files (stored at the host site) from remote locations. In many circumstances it is desirable to have a copy of the data file at the remote location for access by a remote user. This presents difficulty where the file is being updated by local users. Alternatively, where the remote user modifies the data file, it is desirable to be able to update the file at the host site.
Where the size of the file is very large, and the communication link, typically a computer modem, is relatively slow (28.8K bits per second), the time and cost to transfer the file can be excessive. This is especially true where there are very few differences between the two files. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to update the file without having to transmit the entire file.

Method and apparatus for synchronizing files


An adjustable handle assembly is provided for use with a hand-held power tool, such as a polisher, to enhance control while operating on delicate surfaces of varying contours. The handle assembly includes a handle mounted to the housing of the tool in a manner that facilitates quick adjustment of the handle between various predetermined positions relative to the housing without the use of tools, turning of nuts and bolts and prolonged work stoppage. The handle assembly also includes lock members on one of the handle and the housing and lock receiving grooves on the other of the handle and housing which can cooperate with the lock members to fix the handle in one of the predetermined positions relative to the housing. For quick adjustment, the handle assembly includes a lock manually movable by a user between a locking position in which the lock members are urged into the grooves to lock the handle relative to the housing and a release position in which the lock members are free to move from the grooves, thereby allowing the handle to be adjusted relative to the housing between the predetermined positions. The handle assembly also includes a cam means located between the lock and the handle to urge the lock members into the locking position with the grooves. The cam means may include cooperating cam surfaces on the lock and the handle.

The present invention relates to a hand-held power tool and, more particularly, to a hand-held power tool capable of polishing operations with a readily adjustable handle assembly that permits an operator to ergonomically adjust handle positions to enhance control and coverage of the tool during operation.
Typically, power tools, such as polishers or waxers, for use on delicate work surfaces of varying conto tours, including exterior car finishes, tend to lack a structure for effective and precise operator control and maneuverability during operation on the surface. Such power tools commonly include a motor that drives a working element, such as a polishing or waxing pad, in an orbital path for engagement with the work surface. To prevent damage to the work surface, it is important that an operator be able to precisely guide the working element over the work surface and to simultaneously control the pressure with which the working element is applied to the work surface. For instance, if the tool is used with too much pressure, such as by not being able to control and prevent the entire weight of the tool from being applied to the working element and, consequently, the work surface, the finish on the work surface can be easily damaged or even ruined. On the other hand, too little application pressure will tend to result in the surface finish not being polished properly or in an increase in operation time to accomplish the desired finish.
The vibratory response associated with polishing with the working element under orbital motion further complicates the polishing operations. It has been found that such response felt by operators using orbital motion is significantly greater than that associated with other non-orbital type tools. Thus, the structure of the power tool must take into consideration this response.
To increase efficiency, it is also desirable that an operator be able cover a relatively large area on the work surface, while at the same time maintaining control over the application pressure and path of the tool during operation. This is usually accomplished by either relocating to a different location relative to the work surface or by extending one""s arms over and about the work surface. The latter technique is used most often when polishing remote areas that cannot be accessed by simply relocating, such as when polishing central areas of an automobile, e.g., central areas of the hood, roof and trunk. As mentioned above, experience, however, has taught that accuracy and precision is sacrificed when operating the tool with one""s arms extended because of the increased vibrational response from orbital motion.
To enhance control and expand the reach of these tools from a single location and otherwise, it is known to provide a right angle tool with a barrel type handle that extends from the rear of the tool perpendicular to the orbital path of the working element. While the tool can be operated by gripping the barrel handle only, experience has revealed that another handle forward of the barrel handle is preferred so that the operator is able to grip the barrel handle with one hand and the other handle with the other hand. The barrel handle provides increased control over the tool""s path of operation, and the forward handle aids in controlling the application pressure to the work surface. Without the forward handle, there tends to be, in many instances, an uncomfortable amount of force applied to the hand, wrist and arm gripping the barrel handle. Thus, the combination of handles provides for maximum precision control of the application pressure while allowing the barrel handle to be used to steer the tool.
One known shortcoming associated with these multiple handle arrangements, however, is the inability to maximize the utility of the barrel grip handle. While the barrel handle provides increased control and reach, operators, as mentioned above, find that it is still necessary to grip the forward handle during operations, especially on delicate work surfaces, for complete control to avoid damage. This, however, effectively limits the range of area operators can reach with the tool from a single location because they must also extend their arms to reach the forward handle.
Moreover, it is desirable that the forward handle be adjustable to maximize reach and ergonomical control on varying surface contours and orientations. Many of these forward handle however, are fixed and, therefore, cannot be adjusted to provide this reach and control. As a result, operators contort their body into uncomfortable and compromising positions to compensate for the limitation of fixed forward handles during operation and are open to an increased potential for injury. Furthermore, the work surface also is exposed to a higher potential for damage.
Some power tools include adjustable forward handles which are released for movement and tightened down for operation by way of a bolt and nut combination. The nut is loosened to free the handle for adjustment and then is tightened to lock the position. This type of adjustment system is not easily controlled by the operator and results in undue work stoppage. It is desired to have a system that can be quickly adjusted and done so without tools and/or having to manually loosen and tighten nuts and bolts.
Thus, the present invention is directed to providing an adjustable handle assembly for use with hand-held power tools that can be easily adjusted without prolonged work stoppage to allow an operator to effectively and accurately control the working element over relatively large working areas and varying surface contours in an efficient, comfortable and safe manner.
The present invention is directed to an adjustable handle assembly for use with a hand-held power tool, such as a polisher, to enhance control and coverage while operating on delicate surfaces of varying contours and orientations. The handle assembly includes a handle mounted to a housing of the tool in a manner that facilitates easy and quick adjustment of the handle between various predetermined positions relative to the housing. As a result, the operator is able to adjust the handle depending on the contour and orientation of the surface without tools or prolonged work stoppage.
The handle assembly includes lock members on one of the handle and the housing and lock receiving grooves on the other of the handle and housing which can cooperate with the lock members to fix the handle in one of the predetermined positions relative to the housing. For quick adjustment, the handle assembly includes a lock manually movable by an operator between a locking position in which the lock members are urged into the grooves to lock the handle relative to the housing and a release position in which the lock members are free to move from the grooves, thereby allowing the handle to be adjusted relative to the housing between the predetermined positions. The predetermined positions to which the handle is adjustable include at least a flat position where the handle extends substantially perpendicular to a first direction extending along a longitudinal axis through the housing and aligned with the orbital path axis and an upright position where the handle extends substantially in the first direction.
The handle assembly also includes a cam means located between the lock and the handle to urge the lock members into the locking position with the grooves. The cam means may include cooperating cam surfaces on the lock and the handle. In manually moving the lock to the locking position, the lock cam surface cams against the handle cam surface to urge the lock members into the grooves with a biasing force sufficient to lock the handle. On the other hand, in manually moving the lock to the released position, the lock cam surfaces cam against the handle cam surface in the opposite direction to remove the biasing force from the lock members to allow adjustment of the handle. The use of the cam means to lock and release the handle allows the lock members to be controlled without turning screws or bolts to hold the locked position secure. Advantageously, the lock on the handle assembly is easily controlled by the operator without tools or prolonged work stoppage.
The lock members may be urged into the grooves in a first direction with the lock in the locking position and the lock members may cam out from the grooves and move in a second direction transverse to the first direction as the handle is adjusted with the lock in the release position. The first direction may be linear and the second direction may be angular. The lock members and lock receiving grooves may also include cam surfaces which cooperate to allow the lock members to cam out of the grooves as the handle is adjusted with the lock in the release position.
The adjustable handle assembly may include a guide between the handle and the housing for defining movement of the handle relative to the housing as the handle is being adjusted between the predetermined positions. The guide may include a stop for limiting movement of the handle relative to the housing.
The handle assembly also may include an elongated retention member to attach the handle to the housing. The lock is moved along the member by the cam means when shifting between the locking and release positions.
In another form of the present invention, an orbital polisher has a housing and a motor therein for driving a polishing pad in an orbital path below the housing. The polisher further includes a rear handle extending rearwardly from the housing and a front adjustable bail handle extending from and around the housing forwardly of the rear handle to assists a user in controlling the tool with the pad in rubbing engagement with a surface to be polished.
A locking mechanism cooperates between the front bail handle and the housing for selectively locking the bail handle in one of a plurality of predetermined positions about the housing. A lock operator movable along the bail handle by a user actuates the locking mechanism to either selectively lock the bail handle in one of the plurality of predetermined positions about the housing or release the bail handle for adjustment about the housing. The bail handle attaches to two surfaces of the housing, and the control of the locking mechanism through the lock operator locks the bail handle at each surface. The lock operator enables the user to quickly adjust one handle without turning of any nuts and bolts and by prolonged work stoppage. The bail handle, however, may be adapted to lock the handle at only one of the surfaces.
The polisher also may include an arcuate guide on one of the housing and bail handle and an arcuate recess on the other of the housing and bail handle. The guide and recess cooperate to guide the bail handle through at least about 90xc2x0 of movement for adjustment about the housing. The arcuate guide may extend less than about 180xc2x0 and the arcuate recess may extend more than about 180xc2x0 to allow the guide to move in the recess as the handle is adjusted.
The bail handle also may include an actuator receiving portion and the lock operator may include an operator lever and an actuator knob connected to the lever. The actuator knob is located in the actuator receiving portion of the bail handle and the lever projects there-from. Pivoting of the lever to rotate the actuator knob causes the knob to move along the bail handle in the actuator receiving portion to actuate the locking mechanism.
The knob and the actuator receiving portion of the bail handle also may include cooperating cam surfaces. Pivoting of the lever by the user to a lock position causes the cam surface on the knob to cam against the cam surface on the bail handle to move the knob along the bail handle in the actuator receiving portion away from the locking mechanism to urge the bail handle towards the housing for selectively locking the bail handle in one of the plurality of predetermined positions about the housing.
The locking mechanism of the polisher also may be provided with locking teeth on one of the bail handle and the housing and grooves in the other of the bail handle and the housing. The lock operator is capable of actuating the teeth to seat tightly in corresponding grooves for locking the bail handle about the housing. The locking mechanism also may include locking teeth and grooves that have cooperating cam surfaces wherein, when the lock operator actuates the locking mechanism to release the bail handle, adjustment of the bail handle causes the teeth cam surfaces to cam against the groove cam surfaces with the teeth moving out of the grooves and over adjacent grooves to another of the plurality of predetermined positions about the housing.
In an even further form of the present invention, a power tool includes a housing having a top, bottom, front and back and a longitudinal tool axis in the housing extending in a first direction through the housing top and bottom intermediate the front and back thereof. A rear handle extends out rearwardly from the back of the housing substantially perpendicularly to the first direction. A bail handle having an interior chamber extends around the front of the housing and is adjustable to at least a flat position extending substantially perpendicular to the first direction and an upright position extending substantially in the first direction. The tool further includes a bail handle lock which is at least partially located in the interior chamber and is manually operable by a user to lock the bail handle in at least the flat and upright positions about the housing.
The bail handle of the power tool may also include rear portions rotatably connected adjacent the back of the housing, side portions extending from the rear portions and a front lateral portion extending between the side portions and spaced from the rear portions. The bail handle front portion is adjustable from in front of the housing with the bail handle in the flat position to over the top of the housing with the bail handle in the upright position by rotating the handle rear portions relative to the housing.
The bail handle also may include rear portions of the bail handle having one of a plurality of teeth and grooves and the housing adjacent the back thereof having the other of the plurality of teeth and grooves. The bail handle lock causes the teeth to seat tightly in the grooves for locking of the bail handle or to release the teeth from in the grooves to allow movement of the teeth out of and over the grooves for rotating of the bail handle rear portions and adjustment of the bail handle about the housing.
The bail handle lock also may be located at one of the bail handle rear portions. When the lock is moved to a lock position, it pushes the rear portions towards the housing causing the teeth to seat tightly in the corresponding grooves, and when the lock is moved to an unlocked position, it allows movement of the teeth out of and over the grooves for adjusting the handle.


A valve including a film having edges and a plurality of openings disposed between the edges is supported by the housing of an automotive a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system to control the flow of air blown into the passenger compartment. The film has recesses along both edges. The film is reciprocated along the curved path by a first pair of sprockets supported on a shaft and presenting first axial teeth engaging the recesses along the edges of the film (FIGS. 3-5), or a second pair of sprockets having first radial teeth engaging the recesses in the edges of the film and driven from the shaft by bevel gears (FIGS. 5-8), or third pair of sprockets having second radial teeth engaging the recesses in the edges of the film and driven by a spur (FIG. 9), or by the spur directly engaging the recesses in the edges of the film (FIG. 10).

1. Field of the Invention
The subject invention generally relates to a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system of the type including a valve for controlling air flow. More specifically, the HVAC systems include a film valve that is linearly movable for controlling air flow.
2. Description of the Prior Art
These HVAC systems are known in the art for use in automobiles and include a housing that defines an air passage for directing air flow through the housing. A film having edges and openings to allow air to pass through is supported by the housing and serves as an air distribution valve to control the air flow. Frequently, a sprocket is rotatably supported by the housing and has teeth engaging holes in the film to move the film linearly across the air passage. U.S. Pat. No. 6,569,009 exhibits one example of such an HVAC system.
Due to air pressure and vibration, such films frequently float relative to drive mechanisms and negatively affect the engagement between the drive mechanism and the film.


A method of interrupting the expression of a macromolecular synthesis operon in bacteria comprising the step of binding an antisense oligonucleotide to a single stranded DNA or to a mRNA transcribed from the macromolecular synthesis operon. The antisense oligonucleotide can be either sequence specific to a unique intergenic sequence or a sequence specific to a bacterial homologous sequence. By interrupting the expression of the macromolecular synthesis operon bacterial infections can be treated. Specific antisense oligonucleotides are disclosed. The ability of the antisense oligonucleotide to bind the mRNA or single stranded DNA also allows the identification of the bacteria by using a unique intergenic antisense oligonucleotide to bind to the single stranded DNA or to the mRNA transcribed from the macromolecular synthesis operon. A method for competitively inhibiting the protein products of the MMS operon with oligonucleotides is also disclosed. Methods of identifying unique intergenic sequence is also disclosed.

It has been demonstrated that the genes involved in initiating the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein in bacteria are contained in one single structural unit named the macromolecular synthesis operon (MMS). The genes are part of a single transcription unit and have been identified as rpsU encoding ribosomal protein S21 involved in initiating translation, dnaG encoding the protein primase which initiates DNA replication and rpoD which encodes sigma-70 involved in initiating transcription. The operon structure is found in both gram negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, and in gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis. The individual structural genes are conserved and have large areas of homology. On the other hand, the intergenic sequences between the structural gene within the operon are unique to each bacterial species. The MMS operon appears to be a central information processing unit for directing the flow of genetic information. The organization of the operon suggests that under certain physiological conditions there is a need for coordination of synthesis of the information macromolecules (DNA, RNA and protein) in the cell and hence a coregulation of the initiator genes. Since the synthesis of each class of macromolecule appears to be regulated at its initiation step, regulation of the MMS operon most likely plays a role in regulating cell growth.
The MMS operon contains three structural genes. The rpsU gene encodes the ribosomal protein S21 which is required for specific initiation of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. The protein S21 interacts with a stretch of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) complementary to the mRNA ribosomal binding site called the Shine-Dalgarno sequence located at the 3' end of the 16S rRNA. Colicin E3 removes 50 nucleotides from the 3' terminus of 16S rRNA. E3 treated ribosomes cannot carry out polypeptide chain initiation nor chain elongation. In reconstitution experiments, E3 treated ribosomes bind all 30S proteins except S21. RNA protein cross-linking experiments demonstrate that protein S21 is cross-linked to the 3' dodecanucleotide of the 16S rRNA. The base-pairing potential of the 3' terminus of 16S rRNA depends on the functional state of the 30S subunit and the presence of S21, which is required for specific initiation of E. coli and phage MS2 mRNA translation.
Initiation of DNA replication requires a priming RNA which is synthesized by the dnaG gene product, primase. This protein binds to the phage G4 origin of replication. Primase also is known to interact with the multienzyme complex primosome to initiate synthesis of Okazaki fragments on the chromosomal replication fork-lagging strand of E. coli. Primase is the sole priming enzyme required for initiation of DNA replication at the origin of the E. coli chromosome. A parB mutation in the dnaG gene results in abnormal partition of chromosomes and was originally isolated as a thermosensitive mutant affecting DNA synthesis and cellular division. Thus, in addition to initiation of DNA replication, the dnaG gene appears to play some role in regulating cell division.
The ropD gene product sigma-70 is involved in the recognition of promoter sequences for the specific initiation of RNA transcription. Sigma-70 interacts with the core polymerase .alpha..sub.2 .beta..beta." conferring specificity for promoter sequences. Sigma-70 is a member of a large family of RNA polymerase sigma factors. Thus, the macromolecular synthesis operon gene products share a common mechanism. Through protein-nucleic acid interactions the gene products of the MMS operon bind specific nucleotide sequences. For example S21 binds the Shine-Dalgarno sequence/ribosome binding site, primase binds the origin of replication, and sigma-70 binds a promoter sequence. These interactions result in initiation of synthesis of protein, DNA or RNA respectively.
Antisense RNAs have been utilized both in nature and experimentally to regulate gene expression. For example antisense RNA is important in plasmid DNA copy number control, in development of bacteriophage P22. Antisense RNAs have been used experimentally to specifically inhibit in vitro translation of mRNA coding from Drosophila hsp23, to inhibit Rous sarcoma virus replication and to inhibit 3T3 cell proliferation when directed toward the oncogene c-fos. Furthermore, it is not necessary to use the entire antisense mRNA since a short antisense oligonucleotide can inhibit gene expression. This is seen in the inhibition of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression and in the inhibition of specific antiviral activity to vesicular stomatitus virus by inhibiting the N protein initiation site. Antisense oligonucleotides to the c-myc onocogene have been demonstrated to inhibit entry into the S phase but not the progress from G.sub.0 to G.sub.1. Finally, inhibition of cellular proliferation has been demonstrated by the use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to PCNA cyclin.
Antibiotics are important pharmaceuticals for the treatment of infectious diseases in a variety of animals including man. The tremendous utility and efficacy of antibiotics results from the interruption of bacterial (prokaryotic) cell growth with minimal damage or side effects to the eukaryotic host harboring the pathogenic organisms. All antibiotics destroy bacteria by interfering with the normal flow of genetic information. This is performed by inhibition of any one of the following: DNA replication, that is, DNA to DNA (for example, the drugs Novobiocin and Nalidixic acid); transcription, that is, DNA to RNA (for example, Rifampin); translation, that is, RNA to protein (for example, tetracyclines, erythromycin and kanamycin); or cell wall synthesis (for example, penicillins).
The present invention provides a new class of antibiotics and a method for the treatment of bacterial infections either generally or specifically. The antibiotics are antisense oligonucleotide sequences which bind mRNA transcribed from the MMS operon. This is a new method of treating bacterial infections by interfering with the fundamental structural unit that regulates the growth and replication of bacteria.

Antisense oligonucleotide antibiotics complementary to the macromolecular synthesis operon, methods of treating bacterial infections and methods for identification of bacteria


Methods for fabricating microelectronic device assemblies, the method comprising providing mutually spaced stacks of microelectronic devices on a substrate and substantially concurrently encapsulating the stacks of microelectronic devices on the substrate and gang bonding mutually aligned conductive elements of vertically adjacent microelectronic devices. Compression molding apparatus for implementing the methods, and resulting microelectronic device assemblies are also disclosed.

As the electronics industry has moved toward three-dimensional assemblies of stacked microelectronic devices, most commonly in the form of stacked semiconductor dice, the time and cost incurred in mechanically and electrically connecting aligned conductive elements of the stacked dice prior to encapsulating the die stacks has become an issue. Conventionally, singulated semiconductor dice, wherein all but the top die of a die stack to be formed comprise through substrate vias (TSVs, also termed "through silicon vias") terminating at opposing surfaces of each die at conductive elements in the form of pillars and pads, are stacked with pillars of a die aligned with pads of an adjacent die. Each die stack is formed on and aligned with conductive elements of a die location of an unsingulated base wafer, other bulk semiconductor substrate, or other component. The pillars may comprise a single conductive material, such as copper, or a conductive material capped by solder.
Thermocompression bonding techniques, wherein heat and pressure (i.e., vertical force) are applied to cause conductive elements of a semiconductor die to bond to conductive elements of another semiconductor die or base substrate, have proven to provide robust mechanical and electrical connections between the components. However, thermocompression bonding, as conventionally practiced, is costly and time-consuming when multiple, stacked semiconductor dice are to be bonded, an ever-more common requirement as three-dimensional (3D) assemblies of semiconductor dice using smaller conductive elements at reduced pitches are implemented on a commercial scale. For example, stacks of memory dice comprising four, eight, twelve or even sixteen semiconductor dice, such as may be implemented in a Hybrid Memory Cube architecture, as well as such stacks including a logic die in the case of high bandwidth memory (HBM) architectures, may be fabricated.
For example, when multiple semiconductor dice are to be stacked on die locations of a bulk semiconductor substrate (e.g., wafer), as the stack is formed, the singulated dice of a given level are placed and then thermocompression gang bonded one by one to the base wafer or to a lower level of dice by application of heat and pressure, and the process is repeated, die-level by die-level, until a die stack of desired number (e.g., four dice, eight dice, etc.) is achieved. Even when such stacking and gang bonding is performed at the wafer level, it will be appreciated that such an approach is cost- and time-intensive, requiring multiple acts of stacking and individually gang bonding of dice of each die level using a pick and place apparatus before proceeding to form the next, higher level. In addition, conventional thermocompression bonding of copper-to-copper conductive elements is a solid state diffusion bonding process resulting in inter-diffusion of atoms and grain growth between two abutting metal surface carried out at undesirably high temperatures, on the order of about 300° C. even for so-called "low temperature" bonding. Such temperatures are well in excess of temperature tolerances of dielectric molding compounds conventionally employed to encapsulate the die stacks, requiring complete bonding of all die stacks before encapsulation. Avoidance of the higher temperatures associated with thermocompression bonding is also desirable due to thermal budget limitations of the dice, as well as post-bonding thermos-mechanical stress control, and alignment accuracy constraints.

Methods and apparatus for integrated gang bonding and encapsulation of stacked microelectronic devices


A flash memory cell includes the usual thermal oxide layer deposited above the substrate including the source and the drain. On the thermal oxide layer, a silicon rich oxide layer is formed. Above the silicon rich oxide layer a gate structure is formed of layer of polysilicon separated by an intermediate dielectric layer. The lower polysilicon layer commences as an initial portion of the layer of small grain size followed by either amorphous or large grain size material.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to FET memory cells and more particularly to flash memory cells.
2. Description of Related Art
A conventional FLASH memory cell, such as an ETOX (Eprom with Tunnel Oxide) cell uses a self-aligned double polysilicon (poly) structure as shown in FIG. 1 in which a substrate of semiconductor material 10 has been doped in the conventional way to form a source 11 and a drain 12. The semiconductor material 10 including the source 11 and drain 12 is coated with a tunnel oxide thin film 14. A gate structure 16 is formed on top of the tunnel oxide film 14. The first layer of the gate structure is a first polysilicon layer 18, referred to hereinafter as "poly 1" carrying an intermediate dielectric layer 19. An upper layer 25 comprises a second poly layer "poly 2."
A conventional flash memory cell has the disadvantage of critical thin dielectric in the form of a tunnel oxide for "F-N" (Fowler-Norheim) tunneling. The tunnel oxide must be thin (.about.100 .ANG.) for F-N tunneling to provide erasing. Therefore, the reliability i.e., Q.sub.Bd (charge to breakdown) is a serious concern. Also, the thin tunnel oxide results in a poor coupling ratio for memory cell characteristics.

Method of fabricating a flash memory cell


An eye is illuminated with infrared illumination light from an array of infrared in-field illuminators. A wavefront image of retina-reflected infrared light is generated and an accommodative eye state value is determined based at least in part on the wavefront image.

In a variety of different optical contexts, the ability to measure or sense a light wavefront is useful. Head mounted displays (HMDs) present virtual images to users of the HMD. In some contexts, it is advantageous for the HMD to determine the location of the eye of the user and/or determine where the eyes of the user are focusing. However, conventional methods used in HMDs and other optical systems for determining where an eye is focusing can be inaccurate, especially across age demographics

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Wavefront sensing with in-field illuminators


A thermoplastic elastomer excellent in rubber elasticity and extrudability and a molded object thereof. The thermoplastic elastomer comprises a partly or wholly crosslinked rubber (A), an isotactic polypropylene (B) having an isotactic pentad content of 0.8 or higher, a syndiotactic polypropylene (C) having a syndiotactic pentad content of 0.6 or higher, and a softener (D), the content of the syndiotactic of the syndiotactic polypropylene (C) being in the range of 0.5 to 10 wt. % based on the sum of the crosslinked rubber (A), isotactic polypropylene (B), syndiotactic polypropylene (C), and softener (D), the thermoplastic elastomer having a melt flow rate of 0.01 to 1000 g/10 min as measured in accordance with ASTMD 1238 at 230° C. under a load of 10 kg. The molded object is obtained by extrusion-molding the elastomer.

Extrusion vulcanized molded articles comprising rubber compound products of ethylene/propylene/nonconjugated diene ternary copolymers (EPDM) have been generally used in parts for which low hardness and rubber elasticity are required in the applications such as automobile parts, electric/electronic parts and construction parts.
In the meantime, thermoplastic elastomers requiring no vulcanizing process have started to be used in place of vulcanized rubbers using ethylene/propylene/nonconjugated diene ternary polymers (EPDM) for seal materials in various uses from the viewpoint of productivity, environmental correspondence and light-weight.
As technologies concerning the compositions of thermoplastic elastomers, there are known technologies used to dynamically crosslink an ethylene/propylene (/nonconjugated diene) copolymer with a crystalline polyolefin. As the crystalline polyolefin, an isotactic polypropylene is used in consideration of, particularly, product property and moldability.
However, conventional thermoplastic elastomers are generally inferior to vulcanized rubbers in rubber elasticity represented by compression set as an index and therefore cannot be said to be satisfactory. When the amount of a crosslinking agent and the like is increased to improve the rubber elasticity, there is the problem that the degree of crosslinking is raised, which impairs the fluidity of a molded article, leading to deteriorated appearance. There is also the problem that die-residue adheres to a dice during extrusion molding, impairing the outward appearance and only insufficient extrusion moldability is obtained.
On the other hand, thermoplastic elastomers using a syndiotactic polypropylene as a crystalline polyolefin are described in, for example, each publication of JP-A Nos. 6-287368, 7-247388 and 2000-355644.
It is an object of the present invention to solve the problems involved in the above prior art technologies and to provide a thermoplastic elastomer having higher extrusion moldability than conventional thermoplastic elastomers, and a molded article of the thermoplastic elastomer.

Thermoplastic elastomer and molded article thereof


A vehicle fluid directing includes an engine control unit (ECU) mounted directly to the intake manifold to provide engine management and diagnostic functions. A case encloses the ECU to hermetically seal and protect the circuit board and attached components. Sensors preferably extend through the case and into the intake manifold to receives a direct input to the medium passing through the intake manifold. In another embodiment, a sensor such as an accelerometer which does not extend from the case receives vibration input. As the entire circuit board is directly mounted to the intake manifold, the vibrations are received as input to the sensor.

The present invention relates to an engine control sensor, and more particularly to an ECU mounted directly to an engine intake manifold.
Various types of engine control units (ECU) have been used in the field of vehicle engines. Known ECUs are typically mounted remote from the vehicle engine to protect the ECU electronics from the heat of the vehicle engine. The ECU communicates with a plurality of sensors which are commonly installed in various vehicle engine components such as intake manifolds, air cleaners, and fuel rails. The ECU communicates with the remote sensors through a wiring harness or the like.
Remote mounting of the ECU and the multiple of sensor requires a plurality of wiring harnesses, sensor connectors, sensor mounts and other connections necessary for each remote sensor to communicate with the ECU. This is expensive and may reduce reliability due to the extensive connections.
Accordingly, it is desirable to integrate the ECU components to enhance reliability, reduce costs and improve performance.
The vehicle fluid directing assembly according to the present invention includes a an engine control unit (ECU) mounted directly to the intake manifold to provide engine management and diagnostic functions. The ECU includes a controller and a multiple of sensors such as accelerometers, temperature sensors, flow sensors, and the like, mounted to a circuit board. The sensors are preferably mounted to the circuit board at a chip level to communicate with the controller through connections such as substrate tracks. Substrate mounting of the sensors advantageously eliminates the requirement for wiring harnesses, sensor connectors, sensor mounts and other connections commonly necessary for remote sensors.
A case encloses the ECU to hermetically seal and protect the circuit board and attached components. In one embodiment, an aperture in the case and a corresponding aperture in the intake manifold allows a sensor to extend into the intake manifold. Accordingly, the sensor receives a direct input of such quantities as temperature, airflow rate, pressure, or other inputs which are directly conveyed to the ECU controller.
In another embodiment, a second aperture is aligned with a second corresponding aperture through a second vehicle component, such as a fuel rail. Accordingly, the sensor receives a direct input of quantities related to the flow of fuel through the fuel rail which are conveyed to the controller
In another embodiment, a sensor such as an accelerometer which does not extend from the case receives vibration input. For example only, spark knock is of interest to ignition control and is measured by engine vibrations. As the entire circuit board is directly mounted to the intake manifold, the vibrations are received as input to the sensor.
In yet another embodiment, a sensor operates only during specified windows to sense fuel injector opening and closing. Such information advantageously provides diagnostic functions to satisfy regulations such as On board Diagnostic phase 2 (OBD2) requirements.
The present invention therefore provides an integrated ECU to enhance reliability, reduce costs and improve performance while reducing the necessity of remotely mounted components.


An ink ejection amount error is acquired for each of a plurality of same ink nozzle arrays for ejecting same ink. Line sets consisting of N adjacent main scan lines are classified into a plurality of line set types LT11 to LT13 according to a ratio of the pixel counts allocated to the plurality of nozzle arrays on the line set. Using the ink ejection amount error of each nozzle array, the average ink ejection error δ is obtained for each of the line set types LT11 to LT13. The ink amount data on each main scan line of each line set is corrected using the average ink ejection amount error for each line set.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to technology for calibrating ink ejection amount for a printer that forms ink dots on a printing medium while scanning a printing head unit in the main scan direction.
2. Description of the Related Art
Inkjet printers print images by ejecting ink from nozzles provided on a printing head. The same as with other types of printers, for inkjet printers as well, there is always a pursuit of improvements in quality and improvements in printing speed. In recent years, the inkjet printer image quality has improved at about the same level as silver salt photographs, so improvement of the printing speed is a bigger problem.
To improve printing speed, the easiest measure is to increase the number of nozzles per color. As a method of increasing the nozzle count, it is possible to use a plurality of printing heads, for example.
However, the ink ejection amount from a printing head nozzle ordinarily includes manufacturing errors. JP5-162338A and JP10-795A each describes a method of calibrating ink ejection amount that takes this kind of error into consideration.
With these methods, ink amount calibration is performed by calibrating the ejection amount with respect to each of the nozzles. However, sufficient mechanisms were not implemented for calibration of ink ejection amount for printers that have a plurality of printing heads. Also, this kind of problem is not limited to printers that use a plurality of printing heads, but generally is a problem that is common to printers that comprise a printing head unit that has a plurality of nozzle arrays for ejecting same ink (called a "same ink nozzle array").

Calibration of ink ejection amount for a printer


A transportable seat system that is lightweight and foldable into a compact transporting position. The transportable seat system includes a lower frame, an upper frame pivotally attached about the lower frame, a bar member extending within the frames, a cover attached to the bar member and positioned about portions of the frames, and a strap attached to the frames for allowing convenient transporting of the same. An upper portion of the lower frame is preferably angled forwardly to assist in the transfer of the weight of a user to a central position about the lower frame.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to seat devices and more specifically it relates to a transportable seat system that is lightweight and foldable into a compact transporting position.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Seat devices have been in use for years. A conventional seat devices is comprised of four legs supporting a seat portion along with a backrest. Because of the requirement to have four or more legs and a backrest, conventional seat devices are typically bulky and awkward to utilize for individuals who travel in rugged terrain. Another problem with conventional seat devices is that they not suitable for transporting over significant distances.
Examples of patented seat devices which are illustrative of such prior art include U.S. Pat. No. 3,730,294 to Thurmond; U.S. Pat. No. 3,927,733 to Wurn et al; U.S. Pat. No. 4,795,068 to Blean; U.S. Pat. No. 5,445,301 to Biedenharn, Jr; U.S. Pat. No. 5,628,437 to Kober.
While these devices may be suitable for the particular purpose to which they address, they are not as suitable for providing a seat device that is lightweight and foldable into a compact transporting position. Conventional seat devices are either rigid in structure (i.e. non-foldable) or are bulky in structure.
In these respects, the transportable seat system according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus that is lightweight and foldable into a compact transporting position.
In view of the foregoing disadvantages inherent in the known types of seat devices now present in the prior art, the present invention provides a new transportable seat system construction wherein the same is lightweight and foldable into a compact transporting position.
The general purpose of the present invention, which will be described subsequently in greater detail, is to provide a new transportable seat system that has many of the advantages of the seat devices mentioned heretofore and many novel features that result in a new transportable seat system which is not anticipated, rendered obvious, suggested, or even implied by any of the prior art seat devices, either alone or in any combination thereof.
To attain this, the present invention generally comprises a lower frame, an upper frame pivotally attached about the lower frame, a bar member extending within the frames, a cover attached to the bar member and positioned about portions of the frames, and a strap attached to the frames for allowing convenient transporting of the same. An upper portion of the lower frame is preferably angled forwardly to assist in the transfer of the weight of a user to a central position about the lower frame.
There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are additional features of the invention that will be described hereinafter and that will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto.
In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of the description and should not be regarded as limiting.
A primary object of the present invention is to provide a transportable seat system that will overcome the shortcomings of the prior art devices.
A second object is to provide a transportable seat system that is lightweight and foldable into a compact transporting position.
Another object is to provide a transportable seat system that easy to carry and transport for most individuals.
An additional object is to provide a transportable seat system that supports an individual above a ground surface.
A further object is to provide a transportable seat system that does not require any securing devices.
Another object is to provide a transportable seat system that utilizes a pre-existing vertical structure such as a tree to assist in supporting the seat structure.
A further object is to provide a transportable seat system that is positionable upon various types of terrain and that does not require a flat terrain.
Another object is to provide a transportable seat system that is comfortable and secure to sit upon.
A further object is to provide a transportable seat system that is usable by hunters, fisherman, campers, hikers, photographers, and other people interested in the outdoors.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become obvious to the reader and it is intended that these objects and advantages are within the scope of the present invention.
To the accomplishment of the above and related objects, this invention may be embodied in the form illustrated in the accompanying drawings, attention being called to the fact, however, that the drawings are illustrative only, and that changes may be made in the specific construction illustrated and described within the scope of the appended claims.


A guidance device includes: a storing unit that stores information regarding content, a reproduction time of the content, and a providing range different from each content; a calculation unit that acquires a current position of a user and calculates a movement status; a selection unit that estimates, based on the movement status of the user calculated by the calculation unit, a position of the user at a time when the reproduction time of the content has passed, and selects from the storing unit content whose content providing range includes the estimated position.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a guidance device, a guidance method, and a non-transitory computer readable medium.
2. Related Art
As a related art, a guidance device which changes a timing for starting guidance in accordance with the moving speed of an automobile or the like has been suggested.

Guidance device, guidance method, and non-transitory computer readable medium


Ceiling only dry sprinkler systems and methods for protection of a storage occupancy employing a mandatory fluid delivery delay period. The systems and methods provide for fire protection of stored commodities of forty-five feet or greater with a hydraulic design ranging from six to eighteen design sprinklers. The systems and methods employ an upright sprinkler having a nominal K-factor greater than 28.

Fire protection systems for storage occupancies and storage stored on racks can be a system with fire protection sprinklers mounted on the storage racks, i.e., "in-rack sprinklers." Alternatively, the systems can be a "ceiling-only" fire protection systems, in which the fire protection sprinklers are only mounted proximate the ceiling of the occupancy thereby eliminating the use of in-rack sprinklers. WO2007/048144 shows and describes systems and methods for ceiling-only dry pipe fire protection for storage occupancies in which the firefighting fluid is delivered to actuated sprinklers with a mandatory fluid delivery delay period to address a fire with a surround and drown effect. According to WO2007/048144, employing the mandatory fluid delivery delay period can provide for lower hydraulic demands as compared dry system and/or equivalent to wet system designed under known fire protection industry installation standards, such as for example NFPA-13 Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems (2016 ed.) (hereinafter "NFPA-13"), to protect similar storage heights and at similar nominal ceiling heights. WO2007/048144 describes hydraulic design criteria in terms of a number of design sprinklers for nominal ceiling heights of up to forty-five feet (45 ft.) and storage heights of up to forty feet (40 ft.). Although the number of design sprinklers disclosed in WO2007/048144 for a fire protection system with a mandatory fluid delivery delay are lower than those for known fire protection systems without a mandatory fluid delivery delay period, WO2007/048144 also teaches that the number of design sprinklers generally increases with an increase in the storage height and/or nominal ceiling height. Despite the innovative approach to fire protection disclosed by WO2007/048144, fire protection systems for storage heights hereto for uncommercialized, in order to be commercialized, the number of design sprinklers for such systems need to be commercially practical.

Fire protection systems and methods for storage


An all-terrain vehicle having an improved parking locking mechanism disposed within the housing of a transmission assembly. The parking locking mechanism includes a locking-lever guide disposed eccentrically about the axis of rotation of the shift drum and a locking lever having a body with an opening therein engaging the locking-lever guide. The guide and the opening constructed and arranged to cooperate with each other such that rotation of the shift drum moves the locking lever into locking engagement with one gear of the transmission.

Taking All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) as an example, typically, an ATV includes front wheels and rear wheels suspended on a front end and on a rear end, respectively, of a body frame. Handlebars and a seat are mounted on the frame. A power unit such as an engine is also mounted on the frame and generates the power required to propel the ATV. A transmission is provided to transfer the power generated by the engine to the front wheels, the rear wheels or both the front and rear wheels to drive the ATV. Typically, the ATV operator moves the transmission to a neutral or geared position when the ATV is not in use, the geared position being preferred to immobilize the ATV.
All terrain vehicles also typically include a parking brake. The parking brake generally is structured to utilize the calipers of the disk brake system to clamp and hold a set of brake pads in contact with the brake disk to prevent movement of the wheels. Thus, the brake pads are applied to the disk and locked in the applied position to reduce the likelihood of the vehicle rolling while the engine is disengaged or stopped. When motion is resumed, an operator may forget to disengage the parking brake and may operate the vehicle with the brake pads engaged with the brake disk. Such dragging of the pads on the disk may result in damage, such as glazing of the pads or scoring or warping of the brake disk.
The ATV sold by Bombardier Recreational Products of Valcourt, Canada under the trademark BOMBARDIER TRAXTER includes a parking gear that is mounted on the output shafts of the vehicle as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,296,073, which is incorporated herein by reference. A front output shaft extends forwardly of the engine to a front differential on the front axle and a rear output shaft extends rearwardly to a rear differential on the rear axle. The front and rear output shafts are in communication with one another by gears which enables different ratios of revolution between-the front and rear axle. The all terrain vehicle is equipped with a parking gear which locks the two output shafts and prevents rotation with respect to the transmission housing.
U.S. Application Publication No. 2003/0221893 discloses a parking gear assembly slidably connected to a groove on one of the shifting mechanism of the shift assembly which is adapted to selectively engage one of the gears of the transmission to prevent movement of the vehicle. Although adequate, the parking gear system may be improved on.
Thus, there is a need for an improved parking locking mechanism adapted to prevent movement of the output shaft of the transmission.