The invention is a mobile blueprint holder wherein a box mounts along an interior side of a pickup truck bed. The box opens to allow the blueprint table to fold out where the blueprint table rests at an angle. When not in use the blueprints and the blueprint table fold away for safe storage. The blueprint table folds along the middle and contains a plurality of clips for holding a blueprint in place.

A. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of blueprint plan holder mechanisms, more specifically mobile plan holder devices.
B. Discussion of the Prior Art
As a preliminary note, it should be stated that there is an ample amount of prior art that deals with blueprint holding devices. As will be discussed immediately below, no prior art discloses a blueprint holder that folds out of a box from within the truckbed of a truck.
The Guyot et al. Patent (U.S. Pat. No. 6,467,417) discloses a folding side-mount work table for a vehicle. However, the work table of the Guyot Patent mounts to the underside of the truck bed, as opposed to the top, interior side of the truck bed. Furthermore, the vehicle table of the Guyot specifically suited for holding blueprints at an angled position.
The Gionta Patent (U.S. Pat. No. 5,634,681) discloses a truck-mounted work station including a spring biased work table. However, the work station is directed to a table that lays flat along the side of the truck, and does not include an enclosure box from which an angled surface folds out in order to review blueprints. Furthermore, the work station mounts to the exterior side of the vehicle, as opposed to the interior side of the truck bed.
The Kniffel et al. Patent Application Publication (U.S. Pub. No. 2006/0219746) discloses a vehicle storage-cargo box including drawers, shelves, and tables. However, the vehicle storage-cargo box of the Kniffel publication does not include an angled surface that folds out of a box that is mounted to the interior side of the truck bed, of which the angled surface can be used for reviewing blueprints and like plans.
The Taylor Patent Application Publication (U.S. Pub. No. 2006/0071498) discloses a cargo bed organizer for use with trucks including a fold-out table. However, the cargo bed organizer does not include an angled surface that folds out from within a storage box wherein the angled surface provides a place to review blueprints or like plans from the exterior side of the vehicle.
The Linder Patent (U.S. Pat. No. 4,375,306) discloses a storage unit for a vehicle including an external outward-sliding table. However, the outward-sliding table of the Linder Patent does not provide an angled surface for reviewing blueprints, and requires the use of a larger structure to be mounted to the truck bed.
The Barksdale Patent (U.S. Pat. No. 4,236,461) discloses a foldable and removable table with a hook-fastening means for use with vehicles. However, the foldable and removable table of the Barksdale Patent does not incline at an angle, which is ideal for reviewing blueprints, Furthermore, the table does not fold up inside of a sealed box when not in use, which provides a safe area to store blueprints when not in use.
The Wilson et al. Patent Application Publication (U.S. Pub. No. 2005/0092213) discloses a portable plan table for use with a truck having an element for mounting the table to a trailer hitch. However, the portable plan table of the Wilson publication does not include a storage box that is mounted along the interior-side of the truck bed from which the plan table folds into along with the blueprints when not in use.
The Young Patent (U.S. Pat. No. 2,882) discloses a blueprint holder stand having magnetic document retaining blocks. However, the blueprint holder stand of the Young Patent does not include a box from which the blueprint holder folds into, and nor does the patent direct its use to a side of a vehicle or pickup truck.
The Rellinger et al. Patent (U.S. Pat. No. 5,478,040) discloses a portable, collapsible easel having a spring clip for holding papers. However, the collapsible easel of the Rellinger Patent is not directed to supporting a blueprint at an angle along the side of a vehicle or pickup truck.
The Kraklio Patent (U.S. Pat. No. Des. 305,632) illustrates an ornamental design for a vehicle bumper-mounted foldable table.
In light of the above discussed prior art, there is a need for a blueprint plan holder that folds up into a box wherein the box mounts along the interior side of the pickup bed.


A method for controlling a connection, especially a wireless connection, between two modems in the event of disturbance, which includes initiating a so-called retrain procedure in the event of disturbance when either one of the modems receives a signal of unsatisfactory quality. In the retrain procedure, the modems transmit predetermined retrain signals to each other in order to achieve synchronism between them. For reliable and rapid disconnection of a connection, the progress of the retrain procedure is monitored, and every time the procedure is stuck in a state other than a data transmission state for a period of time longer than a predetermined limit, the modem is commanded to initiate a repetition of the start-up procedure by means of which the connection between the modems was originally established.

The invention relates to a method for controlling a connection, especially a wireless connection, between two modems in the event of disturbance, this method comprising initiating a so-called retrain procedure in the event of disturbance when either one of the modems receives a signal of unsatisfactory quality, in which retrain procedure the modems transmit predetermined retrain signals to each other in order to achieve synchronism between them. The term wireless connection is used herein to refer to a connection implemented in such a manner that it is at least partly wireless.
A wireless radio network is originally intended for transmission of speech but it is also suitable for transmission of data. Data transmission in a radio network is carried out by means of a modem in a terminal and a mobile phone, e.g. a cellular phone. It is possible to use, for example, a modem positioned in a portable computer or a modem designed for a conventional telephone network. The modem is connected, for example, to a cellular phone by a separate adapter, which, for instance, adjusts the transmission level.
FIG. 1 of the attached drawings is a block diagram of equipment, known per se, for transmitting data between a computer 11 (typically a portable computer) or a terminal with a similar function and another terminal (not shown) connected to it through a radio network RN. The equipment comprises a modem 12, which is connected to the computer 11 and, via the above-mentioned adaptor 19, to a mobile phone 13. The modem 12 comprises an interface unit 14 (e.g. conventional RS-232 serial interface), to which the terminal 11 is connected, an error correction unit 16 connected to the interface unit, a data pump 17 connected to the error correction unit, a line interface unit 18 connected to the data pump 17, and a control processor 15 for controlling the operation of the modem. The actual modem part consists of the data pump 17, which modulates digital signals supplied from the terminal 11 to a form suitable for an analog telephone network and demodulates signals supplied from the telephone network to a form suitable for the terminal equipment. The data pump 17 is connected to the telephone network (adapter) through the analog line interface unit 18. The control processor 15 of the modem controls the data pump and performs error correction and all other functions of the modem, such as communication with the computer through the interface unit 14. The error correction unit 16 receives data transmitted through the interface unit, packs the data in frames of a fixed size, and transmits the frame through the data pump. At the reception end, the data pump 17 converts the received analog signal into digital form, whereafter the receiving error correction unit examines the received frame and detects any possible errors, which are corrected by means of retransmission.
In view of data transmission in a mobile telephone network, the most significant component of the modem is the data pump 17. The CCITT (at present the ITU-T) has defined a number of modulation standards of different rates for use in a general switched telephone network. These standards are illustrated in the following table.
______________________________________ Modula- Carrier Symbol Recom- Rate tion frequencies rate mendation (bit/s) method (Hz) (1/s) ______________________________________ V.21 0-300 FSK 1080/1750 300 V.23 1200/75 FSK 1700/420 1200/75 V.22 600 QAM 1200/2400 600 1200 V.22 bis 1200 QAM 1200/2400 600 2400 V.32 4800 QAM and 1800 2400 9600 TCM V.32 bis 4800 QAM and 1800 2400 7200 TCM 9600 12000 14400 ______________________________________
The abbreviations used in the third column of the table above have the following meanings: FSK=Frequency Shift Keying, QAM=Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, and TCM=Trellis Code Modulation.
As appears from the table, the modems according to recommendation V.32 bis offer a high rate and are thus a reasonable option even in radio networks. A V.32 bis connection is established between modems by a start-up procedure described on page 10 of recommendation V.32 bis. There are different procedures for the calling and the answering channel (modem). The establishment of the connection is described more closely in the above-mentioned recommendation, pages 14 to 16, which are referred to for a more detailed description. In practice, the start-up and the retrain procedure are almost identical, as the retrain procedure forms the synchronization part of the start-up procedure.
If the modems lose synchronism during the connection, the so-called retrain procedure, i.e. resynchronization of the modems, is carried out. The operating principle of the retrain procedure is illustrated in the figure on page 11 of the above-mentioned recommendation. A more detailed description of the retrain procedure is given on page 16 of the above-mentioned recommendation.
In a radio network there are often situations where modems lose synchronism, and the above-mentioned retrain procedure must be carried out. Such situations may occur in a wireless network, such as a cellular network, for the following reasons:
Synchronism is lost on account of change of base stations. PA1 Noise is suddenly present on the connection, which prevents data from being transmitted at the current rate. PA1 A cellular connection from a moving car brings about changes in the field, and radio waves reflected from buildings cause interference. PA1 The quality of the line is low. (Operations in cellular networks are always performed within the area of a certain base station. The quality of the line is high near the base station but gets lower as the distance from the base station grows. In the area where base stations are changed the quality is usually low.) PA1 The internal signalling (change of base stations, transmission level, field strength) carried out on a speech channel of a cellular network causes breaks in data transmission. Depending on the duration and frequency of the signalling, unnecessary resynchronizations, which weaken the performance, may take place on the data connection. PA1 With a moving car, there are always shadow regions, in which the connection does not work in practice. The connection is, however, restored when the shadow region is left behind. A normal data connection is disconnected at such locations unless) special measures are taken to prevent it. A shadow region may also occur, for instance, at traffic lights, in which case the car may remain in the shadow region for rather a long time, even dozens of seconds. PA1 The (wireless) network disconnects the connection.
In a normal telephone network the retrain procedure usually succeeds, and the modems return to the data transmission state. In a radio network, however, the quality of the connection varies, which causes problems. Modems designed for use in a normal telephone network usually disconnect the connection after two or three retrain attempts. In a mobile telephone network it is essential that the connection is not disconnected on account of disturbances in the network. In a normal case, the connection is disconnected by means of LINK DISCONNECT messages from a V.42 or an MNP error corrector or a GSTN CLEARDOWN sequence defined in recommendations V.32 and V.32 bis. If the (wireless) network disconnects the connection, the modems proceed to the retrain state and after a given time disconnect the connection as the retrain procedure does not succeed (the far end is no longer on the line). The given time must be extended even to several minutes so as to prevent unnecessary disconnection of the connection.
In a mobile telephone network, the change of base stations or the shadow regions due to the environment may thus lead to loss of synchronism between data pumps, wherefore the data pumps start the retrain procedure in order to be able to return to the data transmission state. Disturbances in the network may, however, lead to failure of the retrain procedure, in which case the procedure is started over again. When the quality of the connection is improved, the retrain procedure usually succeeds, and the modems return to the data transmission state. Very often, however, the retrain procedure does not succeed for some unaccountable reason no matter how high the quality of the mobile telephone connection is. In that event, there is no other alternative than to disconnect the connection and to establish it all over again.
As appears from the above, the problems caused in data transmission by wireless connections are such that the current methods do not provide a reliable and sufficiently rapid way to maintain or disconnect a connection.

Method for controlling a modem connection in the event of disturbance


A generic predictive argument model that can be applied to a set of shot values to predict a target slot value is provided. The generic predictive argument model can predict whether or not a particular value or item is the intended target of the user command given various features. A prediction for each of the slot values can then be normalized to infer a distribution over all values or items. For any set of slot values (e.g., contacts), a number of binary variable s are created that indicate whether or not each specific slot value was the intended target. For each slot value, a set of input features can be employed to predict the corresponding binary variable. These input features are generic properties of the contact that are “instantiated” based o n properties of the contact (e.g., contact-specific features). These contact-specific features can be stored in a user data store.

Since the beginning of spoken language understanding research in the 1970s, people have dreamed of communicating with all kinds of devices and appliances using speech recognition. Today, much of this dream has been realized thanks in part to the development of slot-filling techniques for dialogue management. Slot-filling involves using a template or frame for recognizing an utterance where slots represent a particular type of data, such as a date, a stock ticker, etc., which take on certain values, such as Monday, MSFT, etc. When an utterance is recognized in a speech application, a dialogue management component tries to assign the most likely values for the slots of the utterance.

Using generic predictive models for slot values in language modeling


A tension transducer causes macro-bends in a single-mode fiber sensing line when a utility pole to which it is connected experiences an overturning moment. The device uses a trough shaped geometry to hold and support the single-mode sensing fiber, where an inelastically flexible hinge at the bottom, and a cinching mechanism at the top which connects to a pole mounting plate, combine to depress offset grooves on the inside of the trough walls into the fiber cable, to create a macro-bend in the single mode fiber which results in a detectable signal identifier on a time-domain laser reflectometry interrogation trace of the fiber sensor line. The device's connection to the pole mounting plate is designed to break away and disconnect at a tension value that would exceed the tensile strength of the fiber sensor cable, while still providing sufficient tension transfer to the device to close the trough about the hinge and cause a macro-bend in the single-mode fiber cable.

Sensing downed power lines and poles in primary voltage distribution circuits is an essential task for power safety and reliability in utility engineering. Common sensing methods include visual observation reports, and high impedance fault sensing. The former method requires observers, and the latter requires that the downed lines remain conductive at the fault location, where the abnormally high current and concomitant voltage drop results in a low impedance and resulting differential impedance boundary which travelling waves will reflect from in time domain reflectometry. If the circuit is open or the line fault location is not still highly conductive then this impedance-based fault location sensing is not possible. Advanced metering infrastructure provides the potential to ping and query smart meters at the customer secondary service location, and infer the status of the associated primary circuits, however this requires widescale deployment of smart meters and time to perform the logic-based primary circuit status inferences based on the available smart meter SCADA data.

Tension transducing passive optical utility pole overturning sensor


The starting material in a thixotropic forming process for the manufacture of road wheels, fitted ultimately with pneumatic tyres, is an ingot of rheocast metal alloy preheated to the semisolid state: the ingot is injected into a closed die affording a cavity in the shape of the wheel and equipped with independent thermoregulating circuits routed and controlled in such a way as to maintain the wider passages of the cavity at a temperature lower than that of the narrower passages; to ensure the die fills properly, the ingot is injected at a variable and controlled velocity, correlated both to the rate at which the alloy spreads through the cavity and to the geometry of the cavity itself, whereupon a pressure much higher than the injection force is applied to the solid-semisolid interface within the alloy, and sustained until full solidification is achieved.

The present invention relates to a thixotropic forming process suitable for wheels fashioned from rheocast metal alloy in the semisolid state, and in particular for the manufacture of aluminium alloy road wheels fitted ultimately with pneumatic tyres. The shaping processes employed conventionally in the manufacture of road wheels for pneumatic tyres are essentially those of forging, and casting in permanent molds, both of which well known in the wider field of mechanical engineering.
Forging is the familiar process by which a metal alloy can be shaped in the solid state. Employed in the particular context of the art field pertinent to the manufacture of wheels for pneumatic tyres, this is a facility which allows the realization of products with superior mechanical properties, but which at the same time gives rise to a number of drawbacks, namely, the need to use alloys suitable for plastic working, the impossibility of producing articles with geometrically complex shapes, and the fact that the end product will be arrived at only after implementing a series of consecutive steps, especially a product characterized by significant variations in thickness such as are evident in the typical geometry of a road wheel. The high cost of the forging process represents a further drawback. The process of casting in a permanent mold, where an alloy is worked in the liquid state, allows the realization of a product at low cost in relatively few steps, and in this instance even with complex geometries. By contrast, the mechanical quality of the cast product is inferior to that of the forged product, and, moreover, with casting no less than with forging, there is the need to utilize alloys having particular intrinsic properties specifically suited to the technological process in question. More especially, the lower mechanical quality of the cast wheel is attributable to the structural characteristics of casting alloys, as well as to the porosity and discontinuity which are generated within the fabric of the wheel and derive from the particular type of casting process.
In addition, both of the processes mentioned above are characterized in that the forged or cast piece requires generous allowances of material, dictating the need for extensive additional machining steps before the piece can be considered an end product.
Recent times have seen the development of a new technology, namely the thixotropic forming of metal alloys in the semisolid or semiliquid stated; in this instance, the end product is obtained from an ingot or billet exhibiting a particular structure that appears physically homogeneous on macroscopic inspection, but when viewed microscopically appears as a plurality of solid globular granules immersed in a liquid phase. The ingot can take on different characteristics according to the percentages, by weight, of the solid and liquid fractions: in the case of a semisolid, the material can behave in the manner of a solid, for example when conveyed from a heating station to a work station or thixotropic injection forming station, but in the manner of a liquid when injected under pressure.
There are currently no known applications of this new technology in the art field that embraces the manufacture of wheels for pneumatic tyres.
Given that there are clear advantages and drawbacks alike with both the forging process and the casting process conventionally adopted in the manufacture of road wheels, as intimated above, the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of each such method while combining the advantages.

Thixotropic forming process for wheels fashioned in rheocast metal alloy and fitted with pneumatic tires


A broadcasting system for providing access information of a broadcast service, wherein a transmission apparatus generates the access information for at least one of a broadcast network and an interaction network, from which the broadcast service is transmitted, and transmits the access information to a terminal via a specific communication network. A reception apparatus receives the access information of the broadcast service via the communication network, analyzes the received access information to determine a network from which the broadcast service is provided, among the broadcast network and the interaction network, and sets an access address for reception of the broadcast service.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for providing broadcast services in a broadcasting system. In particular, the present invention relates to an access information transmission/reception method and apparatus for efficiently achieving access to broadcast services, and a system and terminal thereof.
Description of the Related Art
The mobile communication market continuously requires production of new services through for example, the recombination or integration of existing technologies. Today, with the development of communication and broadcast technologies, the conventional broadcasting system or mobile communication system has reached the phase of providing broadcast services through portable terminals (or mobile terminals), such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Due to the latent and actual market needs and the increasing demand for multimedia services, the service providers' intended strategies for providing new services such as broadcast service in addition to the existing voice service, and the identified interests of Information Technology (IT) companies which are bolstering their mobile communication businesses to meet the user's demands, convergence of the mobile communication service and the Internet Protocol (IP) has become the mainstream of development of the next generation mobile communication technologies.
The Open Mobile Alliance (OMA), one of the standardization groups for broadcast services, was established in June, 2002, by about 200 companies including Nokia, NTT and IBM, to perform research on the standard for interworking between individual mobile solutions. The OMA mainly serves to define various application standards for mobile games and Internet services. Of the working groups belonging to the OMA, the Open Mobile Alliance Browser and Content Mobile Broadcast Sub Working Group (OMA BAC BCAST) is now performing research on the technology for providing broadcast services using mobile terminals. A brief description will now be made of the broadcasting system which is under discussion in the OMA.
In a BCAST system, which is a broadcasting system proposed by the OMA, a mobile terminal desiring to receive a broadcast service should receive so-called service guide information containing description information for the service, billing information for the service, and information on a receiving method for the service. The mobile terminal receives the service according to the information provided through the service guide information. A description will now be made of the conventional broadcast service access method with reference to the BCAST system as an example of the general broadcasting system using the service guide. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of a service guide used for receiving broadcast services in a general broadcasting system. This structure is proposed to provide broadcast services to the mobile terminal in the BCAST system. One service guide is comprised of a plurality of groups each having its own purpose, and all the groups are classified into four groups according to use, as shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary service guide comprised of an administrative group 100, a provisioning group 110, a core group 120, and an access group 130.
The administrative group 100 is a group for providing basic information needed by a mobile terminal to receive a service guide and includes a service guide context fragment 101 and a service guide delivery descriptor fragment 102. The service guide context fragment 101 provides a service guide identifier (ID), identification information of the service provider that generated and transmitted the service guide, and the entire information on the service guide. The service guide delivery descriptor fragment 102 provides a channel capable of receiving fragments for a plurality of service guides, scheduling information, and update information to a mobile terminal so that the mobile terminal may receive only the necessary service guide at an appropriate time.
The provisioning group 110 is a group for providing fee information for service reception and includes a purchase item fragment 111, a purchase data fragment 112, and a purchase channel fragment 113. The purchase item fragment 111 provides fee information for a service or a service bundle, the purchase data fragment 112 provides information indicating how a service user can pay the fee, and the purchase channel fragment 113 provides information on the system where the service user can actually purchase the service.
The core group 120 is a group for providing information on the service itself and includes a service fragment 121, a schedule fragment 122, and a content fragment 123. The service fragment 121 provides a description of the service itself that the user will receive, and also provides information indicating with which content the service can be configured. The schedule fragment 122 provides information on the time at which the service can be provided and used. The content fragment 123 provides information on a plurality of contents constituting the service.
The access group 130 includes an access fragment 131 and a session description fragment 132, and provides service access information indicating how to receive the services provided through the core group 120, and detailed information on the session in which the contents constituting the corresponding service are transmitted, so as to allow the mobile terminal to access the corresponding service. The access fragment 131 provides a plurality of access methods for one service to the mobile terminal, thereby providing a method capable of accessing various additional services based on one service. The session description fragment 132 provides session information for the service defined in one access fragment.
The service guide information, as shown in FIG. 1, can further include a preview data fragment 124 that provides a preview and icon for the service and content in addition to the foregoing four fragments.
With reference to Table 1 to Table 7 below, a description will now be made of the details of the access fragment defined in the conventional OMA BCAST by way of example. Table 1 to Table 7 are divided from one table, for convenience, and a definition of items in each table follows the definition of Table 1.
TABLE 1DataNameTypeCategoryCardinalityDescriptionType201AccessEO0 . . . NAccess fragmentContains the following attributes:idversionvalidFromvalidToServiceProtectionAccessTypeAudioLanguageContains the following sub-elements:ExtensionURLAccessTypeServiceIDUsageInfoSessionDescriptionURISDPInteractiveAccessURLTerminalCapabilityRequirementBandwidthRequirementApplicationSpecMediaInformation
In Table 1, a first item "Name" indicates names of attributes or elements of an access fragment, and a second item "Type" indicates whether each object included in the access fragment corresponds to Attribute (A) or Element (E). As to a difference between the attribute and the element, the attribute is a value indicating an attribute of an access fragment and its element, and the element is a value indicating the information actually used. A third item "Category" indicates whether the attribute or element is a mandatory value (M) or an optional value (O). A fourth item "Cardinality" indicates whether the attribute or element is repeated, and a fifth item "Description" indicates a description of the attribute or element. Finally, a sixth item "Data Type" indicates a data type of the attribute or element.
In Table 1, reference numeral 201 indicates what the attribute or element included in the access fragment comprises.
TABLE 2202idAM1ID of the Access fragment.Integer203versionAM1Version of this fragment. The newerByte (8 bits)version overrides the older one as soon asit has been received.204validFromAO0 . . . 1The first moment when this fragment isIntegervalid. If not given, the validity is assumed(32 bits),to have started at some time in the past.expressed asNTP time.205validToAO0 . . . 1The last moment when this fragment isIntegervalid. If not given, the validity is assumed(32 bits),to end in an undefined time in the future.expressed asNTP time.206ServiceProtectionAO0 . . . 1If true, this indicates that this service isBooleanprotected; if false, this indicates that thisservice is free to air.
In Table 2, reference numeral 202 denotes an identifier of the access fragment, and this is an attribute for enabling a mobile terminal to uniquely identify a corresponding access fragment when it refers to the corresponding access fragment in other fragments. Reference numeral 203 denotes an attribute indicating a version of the access fragment, and enables indication of whether the mobile terminal has received an access fragment of the same version or an access fragment of a new version.
The "validFrom" attribute denoted by reference numeral 204 and "validTo" denoted by reference numeral 205 are attributes indicating a valid period of the information included in the access fragment, and "ServiceProtection" denoted by reference numeral 206 is an attribute indicating whether there is a need for a separate authentication procedure during access, as the service that can be accessed through information of the access fragment is service-protected.
TABLE 3207AccessTypeAM1Defines the type of access Possible values:Integer1.Default access object; has to exist for A/V(8 bits)streaming services (such as TV radio etc).It is used as default in case of multipleaccesses, associated SDP needed;2.Alternated access object, associated SDPneeded;3.File carousel, to be used for scheduled filedownload and file carousel type ofservices; associated SDP needed;4.File download to be used for filedownload over interaction network;associated AccessURI needed;5.Service_SMS; this type of access is usedfor creation of various SMS-based services(voting, etc); no associated SDP;6.Service_web_local; this type of access isused for pointing to locally stored webpages; no associated SDP;7.Service_web; this type of accessis used for pointing to internet services;no associated SDP;8.Service_voice_call; this type of access isused for making a phone call;9.Service_MMS; this type of access is usedfor creating various MMS-based services(voting, etc); no associated SDP; and10.Service_java_app; this type of access isused for launching Java applications.
In Table 3, "AccessType" denoted by reference numeral 207 is an attribute indicating in which method the mobile terminal capable of receiving broadcast service can receive the broadcast service that provides access information in the access fragment, and 10 Access Types are currently defined. Therefore, it is undesirably necessary to newly define Access Type every time a service of a new type occurs.
TABLE 4208AudioLanguageAO0 . . . NThe language of the Audio Stream.3-byteISO639languagecode209ExtensionURLE1O0 . . . NURL containing additional information in anAnyURIextension fragment.210ServiceIDE1M1 . . . NReference to the service fragment(s) to whichIntegerthe access fragment belongs.211UsageInfoE1O0 . . . NThis text helps the user understand whatdifference it makes to use one or the otheraccess fragment. It is mandatory in case morethan one access fragment is available at a givenpoint in time.Possibly provided in multiple languages.Attributes:Lang212LangAO0 . . . 1Language3-byteISO639languagecode
In Table 4, "AudioLanguage" denoted by reference numeral 208 is used to indicate a language of an audio stream transmitted through the access fragment, and "ExtensionURL" denoted by reference numeral 209 is used to indicate an address of an extended fragment. The "ServiceID" denoted by reference numeral 210 is an element indicating an identifier of the service that can be accessed through information of the access fragment, and "UsageInfo" denoted by reference numeral 211 is an element that provides information capable of indicating the usage and correlation of a plurality of corresponding access fragments for users when there are multiple access fragments capable of providing various access information so as to receive various types of additional services for one service, and provides an attribute "Lang" denoted by reference numeral 212 so that it can be provided in various languages.
TABLE 5213AccessURIE1O0 . . . 1The URI to the SG delivery unit(s) which contain theAnyURIsession description that the media application in theterminal uses to access the service.In case of non-broadcast service,AccessURI contains information how that particularservice can be accessed.Attribute:TypeNote; Using either AccessURI or SDP is mandatory.214TypeAM1Type of the AccessURI:Integer1 - SDP; AccessURI is a reference to SDPdescription;2 - MBMS-USD; AccessURI is a reference toMBMS user service description (MEMS-USD) asspecified in [26.346] section 5.2. It may contain oneor several SDP descriptions.215SDPE1O0 . . . 1A session description in SDP (IFTF sessionStringdescription protocol) format.(in SDPformat)216InteractiveE1O0 . . . NSpecify alternative URL of the content for retrievingAnyURIAccessURLit via the interaction channel if the content cannot bereceived via the broadcast channel.
In Table 5, "AccessURI" denoted by reference numeral 213 is an element indicating an address of the place where information on the session in which the service indicated by the access fragment is transmitted can be acquired, and has, for example, an attribute "Type" denoted by reference numeral 214. The Type 214 is an attribute indicating the type of session information and supports a Session Description Protocol (SDP) type, which is a protocol of the current IEFT, and a session information type used in Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS), which is portable broadcast technology specified by the asynchronous mobile communication standardization group. The "SDP" 215 is an element providing information on actual session description, and "InteractiveAccessURL" 216 is an element notifying an address so that a mobile terminal can receive the service through an interaction channel.
TABLE 6217TerminalCapabilityRequirementE1O0 . . . 1Specification of required terminalStringcapabilities, such as protocols, codecs, bitrate, and processing memory;UAprof is used for expressing thecapabilities.218BandwidthRequirementE1O0 . . . 1Specification of required networkIntegerbandwidth.A broadcast service can include multipleaccessible streams (same content) withdifferent bandwidth, so that the terminalcan make a choice depending on itscurrent reception condition.219ApplicationSpecE1O0 . . . NApplication type that can consume theStringservice using this access spec defined byMIME type.
In Table 6, "TerminalCapabilityRequirement" denoted by reference numeral 217 is an element indicating the software and hardware requirements of a mobile terminal for receiving the service that can be accessed through information of the access fragment, and based on this, a mobile terminal having a portable broadcast receiving function can determine whether it has the capability of receiving the corresponding service. In addition, "BandwidthRequirement" denoted by reference numeral 218 is an element indicating a data rate in a wireless environment of the service that can be accessed through the access fragment, and enables selection of the data rate required by the mobile terminal among several data rates, and reception of the service at the selected data rate. The "ApplicationSpec" 219 is an element providing separate information capable of receiving the service defined in MIME type.
TABLE 7220MediaInformationE1O0 . . . NOptional reference to an icon,pictogramme, animation or audio.PreviewData or reference to PreviewData isused here.Attributes:usageid221usageAM1Possible values; background, icon(e.g.).Integer(8 bits)222idAM1ID of the PreviewData fragment.Integer(8 bits)223<proprietaryE1 orO0 . . . NAny number of proprietary or application-elements/attributes>lower.specific elements or attributes that are notAdefined in this specification.
In Table 7, "MediaInformation" denoted by reference numeral 220 is an element providing preview information of the service indicated by the access fragment by the mobile terminal that received the access fragment, and has an attribute "usage" 221 and an attribute "id" 222. The attribute "usage" indicates whether it will use information of the fragment associated with the attribute "id" as preview information or background information. Reference numeral 223 denotes an element or attribute capable of providing other information that is not provided through the access fragment.
The access fragment of the conventional BCAST system, shown in Table 1 to Table 7, has the following problems.
First, because "AccessType" conceptually defines Access Type for an actual service in Table 3, Access Type should be newly defined every time a new service occurs. Second, most broadcast services provided to the mobile terminal are multimedia services requiring a high data rate, and should efficiently use radio resources in order to support high-speed transmission. Therefore, most broadcast technologies for the mobile terminal introduce the multicast concept used in the Internet Protocol, and support a method for enabling the service only in the place where the user is located. However, this method is not currently supported for the Access Type. Third, in the currently proposed broadcasting system, there is no method for simply providing to the mobile terminal a transmission scheme or transmission topology supported in the broadcasting system for access to the broadcast service.
Accordingly, a need exists for a system and method for efficiently transmitting/receiving access information of broadcast services in a broadcasting system.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method and apparatus for transmitting/receiving access information of broadcast service in a broadcasting system, and system thereof


An organic light emitting device and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed. The organic light emitting device includes a substrate, a first electrode positioned on the substrate, an insulating layer that is positioned on the first electrode and includes an opening exposing a portion of the first electrode, an organic emissive layer positioned inside the opening, a second electrode positioned on the organic emissive layer, and an auxiliary electrode that is positioned on or under the insulating layer and electrically connected to the second electrode.

1. Field
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to an organic light emitting device and a method of fabricating the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Out of flat panel display devices, an organic light emitting device is a self-emissive type device for emitting light due to an electrical excitation of an organic compound. Because the organic light emitting device does not need a backlight unit used in a liquid crystal display, it can be fabricated to be thin and light through a simple fabrication process. The organic light emitting device can be fabricated in low temperature environment. Furthermore, the organic light emitting device has various characteristics such as rapid response time, low power consumption, a wide viewing angle, and high contrast.
The organic light emitting device includes an organic emissive layer between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode. The organic light emitting device forms an exciton, which is a hole-electron pair, by combining holes received from the anode electrode and electrons received from the cathode electrode inside the organic emissive layer, and emits light by energy generated when the exciton returns to a ground level.
The organic light emitting device includes a plurality of pixels including red, green and blue organic emissive layers so as to achieve full color representation. The red, green and blue organic emissive layers can be patterned through a vacuum deposition method.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a related art organic light emitting device.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, a thin film transistor T is positioned on a substrate 100. The thin film transistor T includes a semiconductor layer 105, a first insulating layer 110 that is a gate insulating layer, a gate electrode 115, a second insulating layer 120 that is an interlayer insulating layer, a source electrode 125a, and a drain electrode 125b.
A third insulating layer 130 may be positioned on the thin film transistor T for planarization or passivation. An organic light emitting diode including a first electrode 140, an organic emissive layer 170, and a second electrode 180 is positioned in the third insulating layer 130.
The first electrode 140 is formed in each pixel, and electrically connected to the drain electrode 125b through the third insulating layer 130. A fourth insulating layer 150 including an opening 155 may be positioned on the first electrode 140. The opening 155 provides an electrical insulation between the first electrodes 140, and exposes a portion of the first electrode 140. The organic emissive layer 170 is positioned inside the opening 155. The organic emissive layer 170 may include red, green and blue organic emissive layers, and may be patterned in each pixel through a vacuum deposition method using a shadow mask. The second electrode 180 is positioned on the substrate 100 including the organic emissive layer 170, and formed in the form of a front electrode.
An organic light emitting device may be classified into a bottom emissive type device, a top emissive type device, and a dual emissive type device based on a traveling direction of light produced by an organic light emitting diode. Because light travels in an opposite direction to a substrate in a top emissive type organic light emitting device, a second electrode is formed of a transparent conductive film such as indium-tin-oxide (ITO) or a thin metal film so as to transmit light.
However, when the second electrode of the top emissive type organic light emitting device is formed as illustrated in FIG. 1, a surface resistance of the second electrode increases. Furthermore, because the second electrode is formed in the form of a common electrode in FIG. 1, signals transmitted to each pixel are delayed by the increased surface resistance of the second electrode. This results in non-uniformity of a luminance of each pixel. In particular, the delay of signals transmitted to each pixel increases in a large-sized organic light emitting device, and thus, it is difficult to display a desired image.

Organic light emitting device and method of fabricating the same


A gas-air mixing valve using a tube. The valve has an internal geometry shape for directing the flow of air and gas, including an air inlet, an inlet part from the inlet to a throttle, a gas inlet slot proximate the throttle, and an outlet. The inlet part has a first body part, preferably of aluminum or other metal, and a replaceable molded part normally of plastic. The first body part has an inlet surface centered about a central axis defined by a concave surface having a first circular cross section. The replaceable molden part has a composite surface defined by conical surface defined by conical surface having a linear cross section and further defined by a convex surface having a second circular cross section forming the throttle. The replaceable molden outlet part has a conical surface extending from the second circular cross section to a second convex surface at the outlet. The throttle has a radius with respect to the central axis of the valve defined by the relationship between the desired air flow and radius for a particular pressure drop. The gas slot has a thickness with respect to the desired gas flow defined by the relationship between the desired gas flow and gas slot for a particular pressure drop. Both relationships are computer simulated using parameters of the system for which the valve is intended to be used.

The invention relates generally to a multiple capacity gas-air mixing valve including an internal geometrical shape design for a tube-like gas-air mixing valve. The output of the valve is combusted in a downstream combustion device such as a boiler.
Related art gas-air mixing valve have particular inlet parts for gas-air mixing at particular capacities and drop pressures. These parts are typically designed by trial and error. For each trial, both inlet and outlet plastic parts, mounted in an aluminum body, have to be completely manufactured and tested, thus making the design process slow and expensive. Moreover, the efficiency of the resultant shape is not always satisfactory.
Most of the prior art relating to gas-air mixing relates generally to gas turbines, not to inlets for boilers. Spielman U.S. Pat. No. 5,611,684 relates generally to the field of use of the subject invention. In this patent, a gaseous fuel and combustion air are premixed. There is, however, no disclosure of a type mixing valve.
Leonard U.S. Pat. No. 5,257,499 employs a between the fuel introduction means and the air introduction means, such that the air flow is relatively constant over a large range of fuel flow rates. Both Mowill U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,477,671 and 5,572,862 disclose a having an inlet and an axis, where the inlet is operatively connect to the source of compressed air to define a compressed air flow path into the inlet. In essence these patents disclose the concept of using a separate from the combustion chamber to completely premix the fuel and air.
Forster U.S. Pat. No. 5,002,481 premixes heating oil by vaporization in steam rather than air. The vaporizing tubes of the second vaporizing portion have a smaller radius of curvature than the first as vaporization occurs in downwardly directed helical pipes. The resultant mix is discharged directly into a mixing space.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,845,952 and 4,966,001 (both to Beebe) also use tubes for mixing fuel by placing the tubes in the air flow path. These patents employ a multiple-venture tube pre-mix apparatus.
Hu U.S. Pat. No. 5,402,633 discloses a premix gas nozzle with a longitudinal tangential entrance slots. Kesseli U.S. Pat. No. 5,450,724 uses a plurality of mixing channels that are oriented to impart a swirling motion to the mixed combustion air and fuel. Finally, Booz U.S. Pat. No. 5,140,820 relates to a carburation system for small scale engines but is stated to be usable in larger engines and even auxiliary power units. It does not disclose a valve means.
The manufacturer of gas-air mixing valves is faced with a range of customers that is greatly diverse and requires a custom design for many of the boilers serviced by the valve manufacturer. With many boiler manufacturers and an almost unlimited number of applications for the boilers, the permutations of valve designs is equally immense. At the same time, each user of the boiler wants maximum efficiency, minimum pollution or unburned fuel, minimum cost and prompt, virtually immediate service and response to its demands for new valves.
The problem that exists is that a number of factors are important in the design process for making mixing valves. Previous to the present invention, valve parts were designed by experience, using trial and error methods that led to high design expense or less than optimum results. For each trial, both the inlet and outlet parts, which are made from plastic and mounted in an aluminum body, had to be completely manufactured and tested. This made the design process very slow and quite expensive. Moreover, the efficiency of the developed shape was not always satisfactory for the many different end uses.
Venture principle based gas-air mixing valves are employed in a multitude of boiler systems, particularly with industrial boilers that produce large quantities of energy for various industrial processes and applications. A large number of mixing valve characteristics need to be considered during the design of the valve. It is necessary to meet the requirements for air discharge, gas discharge, gas/air volume proportion for different fan loads, pressure drop along the valve, modulation band, maximal angle of the outlet part, and the like.
For example, in one industrial application where a large number of valves are produced, a pressure drop may range from less than 350 Pascals to more than 550 Pascals. at the same time, desired air capacities range from 18 to 66 cubic meters per hour (m.sup.3 /h) and the accompanying gas capacities for that range of air flow.
It would be of great advantage to provide a general inner shape profile for a gas-air mixing valve that would optimize the most important valve characteristics for a family of valves. These characteristics include gas/air volume proportion along different fan load, modulation band, which strongly determine valve overall efficiency.
It would be another great advance in the art if the required gas and air capacities could be accommodated by a valve having a particular shape profile for optimum results.
Another advantage would be if the outlet part of the valve would be configured to maximize the overall operation of the valve.
Other advantages will appear hereinafter.

Internal geometry shape design for venturi tube-like gas-air mixing valve


An optical engine for fingerprint reader with a one-piece optical prism has double functions of prism and lens for replacing optical engines of traditional fingerprint readers that consists of a right-angle prism and a lens. Thus the volume of the device is minimized for the convenience of being modularized Moreover, there is a complete light path between the fingerprint and the sensing device so as to increase the signal to noise ratio (S/N) and the reliability as well as the stability of the optical engine. Furthermore, a LED light source is disposed around an optical prism while an arched concave with diameter of 120 mm for being pressed by finger is formed with ergonomically design so as to have more clear image of fingerprint.

The present invention relates to an optical engine for fingerprint reader, especially an integrated optical prism with double functions of prism and lens for replacing optical engines of traditional fingerprint readers that consists of a right-angle prism and a lens. The present invention simplifies the assembling of components and increases the stability and reliability of the optical engine.
The optical engines for fingerprint readers available on the market are based on various materials such as optical fibers, capacities, or traditional types. However, except traditional types, others need higher cost. Thus traditional-type optical engine is still the main stream of market. Refer to FIG. 1, a traditional optical engine 10 is composed by a right-angle prism 11 and a lens 12. The position for finger F 13 is on the inclined optical surface of the right-angle prism 11 while a LED (light emitting diode) light source 14 is disposed on one of the optical surfaces 15 of the right-angle prism 11 (such as horizontal plane shown in figure). By Snell's law, the light emitted from the LED light source 14 is totally reflected on the position for finger F 13 so that the black and white stripes of the fingerprint is projected from another optical surface 16 (the vertical plane shown in figure), finally through a lens 12 forms an image on a sensing device 17. But the optical engine 10 with two-piece structure has following disadvantages:                (1) The structure of assembling of two components has larger volume, thus is difficult to get popular support.        (2) In the two-component structure, the right-angle prism 11 and the lens 12 shall be localized precisely so as to make the light path straight. Not only the number of components causes the problem, but the difficulty of assembling is also increased. Thus the cost is high.        (3) The prism 11 is a right angle prism so that an image of the LED light source 14 also forms on the sensing device 17. This leads to the low S/N ratio that has bad effect on efficiency of the device.        (4) The position for putting finger F 13 is a flat plane so that users need to press in order to get the clear fingerprint image. This causes a bit inconvenience.


The invention relates to a method and arrangement for measuring the quality of wood. The wood comprises not only a pure body but also components of bark and knots, having optical properties different from those of the pure body. Barked trees (308) are turned into wood powder (322). The wood powder (322) is illuminated with optical radiation and the radiation is received by means of a camera (330). The camera (330) transmits a signal consistent with the radiation reflected from or passed through the wood powder (322) to a computer (332) which, by means of the optical properties of the wood powder (322), determines the amount of bark, knots, and/or defective wood present in the wood.

The present invention relates to the measurement of wood, especially by means of optical radiation.
In mechanical and chemical forestry, one of the most important wood handling processes is the barking of logs. In the production of energy as well, the handling of logs is usually begun by barking and the amount of bark has an impact on the burning process in terms of its regulation and efficiency. In the production of pulp, the barked trees are first chipped, whereafter the chips proceed to a pulp digester. The bark remaining on chips deteriorates the quality of pulp being produced and causes a need of adjustment in the digestion process. Mechanical pulp is produced by grinding or refining. In grinding, the barked log is pressed against a grindstone. In refining, the barked logs are first chipped and the chips are refined between two rotary wheels. However, it is not worth while to bark the logs too thoroughly, as a result of this is the removal of pure wood material along with the bark, leading to losses of energy and material. It has been a common attempt to regulate the barking process in view of optimizing the amount of bark in wood chips. The amount of bark typically accepted in a pulp mill is less than 0.5%-1%, and in a paper mill even less than 0.1% of the total mass of refined or ground mechanical pulp. The adjustment of a barking process requires information about the purity grade or thoroughness of barking.
In prior art solutions, the purity grade of barking is measured by imaging the logs or chips to be barked and by applying various computer-based image processing programs for assessing the respective proportions of wood and bark. Indeed, there is such a distinction between bark and pure wood body that bark is usually darker than pure wood body. A problem in this type of method is that it is difficult to distinguish the dark bark for example from shadows. Moisture causes reflections, impeding the detection of bark material present in the chips or body. In addition, when measuring tree trunks, it is difficult to make a distinction between the pure wood material and the bark as a result of the geometrical patterns of a wood surface. The problem is particularly pronounced when the amount of bark is small.
In another prior art solution, the purity grade of barking has been measured by estimating the proportion of pure body material in barking refuse. However, the measurement does not correlate particularly well with the bark remaining affixed to a tree trunk, since the barking process makes it necessary to break dry wood more than moist wood. Thus, the barking refuse of dry wood contains a greater amount of pure body material than the barking refuse of moist wood, even though both logs would have an equal amount of bark affixed thereto.
The invention seeks to provide such a method, and such an arrangement for implementing the method, that the above problems can be solved.
It is an object of the invention to provide a method for measuring the quality of wood, in which method the wood is constituted by timber which, in addition to a pure body, includes at least a bark component and knot components, which differ from the pure body in terms of optical properties thereof, the method involving the barking of logs. Furthermore, the method of the invention comprises turning at least some of the barked trees into wood meal or powder; exposing the wood meal to optical radiation; and measuring the quality of wood by means of the optical radiation.
It is another object of the invention to provide a measuring arrangement for the quality of wood, wherein the wood refers to timber which, in addition to a pure body, includes at least a bark component and a knot component, having optical properties different from those of the pure body, said measuring arrangement comprising a stripper for the barking of logs. Furthermore, in the arrangement of the invention, the measuring arrangement is adapted to produce wood meal or powder from barked trees; the measuring arrangement comprises a detector responsive to optical radiation; the measuring arrangement comprises a measuring device; and the detector is adapted to receive optical radiation coming from the direction of wood meal or powder and to carry a signal responsive to the optical radiation to the measuring device, and the measuring device is adapted to measure the wood meal by means of an optical-radiation based signal coming from the detector, and to determine the quality of wood.
A number of benefits are gained by the method and system of the invention. The amount of bark, knots, and/or defective wood in timber can be reliably measured without being interfered by the shape, shadows, or moisture (moisture-caused reflections) of tree trunks. Furthermore, the barking process and for example the digestion of chemical pulp can be optimally controlled according to the quality of wood.

Method and arrangement for measuring wood


A method of diagnosing problems experienced with remote control operation of electronic devices includes monitoring background noise signals with a receiver of a signal processing electronic device, such as a set-top box, for use in receiving and rendering multimedia content via a separate display monitor. The electronic device has an internal remote control unit enabling remote control of the signal processing electronic device via wireless signals emitted from a separate remote controller. The background noise signals are analyzed with a signal processing unit residing in the electronic device. From the analysis, the electronic device generates a representation with respect to the background noise signals. The representation may be provided to the end user, technician or call center operator in a readily understandable form for purposes of readily verifying a noise interference problem and providing guidance with respect to mitigation. A device, such as a set-top box, is also disclosed.

A remote control device, or remote controller, is often used to provide convenient control of operations of a separate electronic device or devices or system of electronic devices from a remote location. For purpose of example, a hand-held, battery-operated remote controller is often used to control operations of televisions, set top boxes (STBs), digital video recorders (DVRs), consumer premises equipment (CPE), and various other home or consumer electronic devices which may be used for receiving, rendering, recording and/or playing audio, video, multimedia content and the like.
In a typical arrangement, a hand-held remote controller transmits a wireless signal, such as an infrared (IR) signal, that includes embedded command codes to a remote control unit (RCU) of one or more electronic devices to be controlled. The infrared signal propagates to the equipment to be controlled and is detected and decoded using an infrared (IR) detector and signal processing circuitry of the RCU. Accordingly, wireless remote control systems provide the convenience of remote operation without the need to directly engage the electronic devices to be controlled and without the need to hard wire the remote controller to the equipment being controlled.
When a problem is experienced with the performance of a remote control operation, there may be many possible sources or reasons for the problem. The source and type of problem are typically difficult for a consumer to identify, verify and resolve. Such problems may even be difficult for trained technicians using specialized equipment to quickly verify and resolve. While some problems may relate to faulty electronic hardware components or software of a remote controller or faulty components or software of the RCU of the electronic device to be controlled or a communication error between the two, a further possible source of the problem may be that the remote control signals are being degraded or blocked by other signals herein defined as interference noise.
In the event of noise above a predetermined acceptable level, the remote control or command signals from the remote controller may not be properly receivable by the signal detector of the RCU of the electronic device to be controlled. Noise interference problems are often very difficult to diagnose, identify, detect and verify by a home user, consumer or other operator of the equipment, particularly because such problems can come and go and change over time for various reasons. Such problems generally lead to user frustration and complaints.
By way of example, the performance of an infrared (IR) remote control system may become blocked or degraded by IR interference noise generated by certain types of television screens, such as certain types of plasma and liquid crystal display (LCD) large-screen back-lit televisions which may be relatively strong sources of infrared radiation. The noise emitted by the TV screen may be of a sufficient level to interfere with IR signals to be received at a set top box (STB), such as a cable TV set top box. Thus, the display monitor or television to which the STB is connected may itself be the source of the noise being received by the STB. If the problem with respect to remote control can be verified to be one caused by interference noise from the television, a possible solution to the problem may be simply a matter of re-positioning the STB relative to the TV screen. However, as stated above, verifying the problem to be a noise interference problem among numerous other possibilities is not a simple task by the end user and proper placement of the STB to mitigate noise interference problems is entirely hit or miss. Thus, verification of such a problem and a proper resolution of such a problem typically require a visit from a trained field service technician using special equipment.

Method and device for diagnosing interference noise problems


Disclosed is an organic light-emitting display device encapsulated with a frit to prevent an infiltration of oxygen and moisture thereinto.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an organic light-emitting display device. More particularly, the invention relates to an organic light-emitting display device encapsulated with a frit to prevent an infiltration of oxygen and moisture thereinto.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, an organic light-emitting display device comprises a first substrate comprising a pixel region and a non-pixel region, and a second substrate opposed and disposed to the first substrate and bonded to the first substrate with sealant such as epoxy for encapsulation.
In the pixel region of the first substrate, a plurality of organic light-emitting diodes are formed at intersecting portions of scan lines and data lines in the form of a matrix. Each organic light-emitting diode comprises i) an anode electrode, ii) a cathode electrode and iii) an organic thin film layer. The organic thin film layer may comprise a hole transporting layer, the cathode electrode, a light-emitting layer, and an electron transporting layer. The thin film layer may be formed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode.
Since the organic light-emitting diode includes organic material, it is vulnerable to degradation in the presence of oxygen. Further, since the cathode electrode is made of a metal material, it may be oxidized by moisture in the air so as to degrade its electrical and light-emitting characteristics. To prevent this, a moisture absorbent material is mounted on a container, e.g., manufactured in the form of a can or cup made of metal material, or on a second substrate of organic, plastic, etc., in the form of powder, or adhered thereto in the form of a film, thereby removing moisture penetrating from the surroundings.
However, the method of mounting the moisture absorbent material in the form of powder can cause problems such as complicating the process, increasing material and process costs, increasing the thickness of a display device, and being difficult to apply to a front light-emitting display configuration. Also, the method of adhering moisture absorbent material in the form of a film can cause problems in that it is limited in its ability to remove moisture and it is difficult to apply to mass production due to low durability and reliability.
Therefore, in order to solve such problems, there has been proposed a method of encapsulating a light-emitting element by forming a sidewall with a frit.
U.S. patent Ser. No. 10/414,794 (Apr. 16, 2003) discloses a glass package encapsulated by adhering a first glass plate and a second glass plate with a frit and method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: There is provided an organic light-emitting display device according to the present invention, comprising: a first substrate comprising a pixel region wherein a pixel is formed and a non-pixel region outside of the pixel region; a second substrate opposed and bonded to the first substrate in one region comprising the pixel region; a frit positioned in the non-pixel region between the first substrate and the second substrate, to bond the first substrate and the second substrate; and at least one electrode line formed on the first substrate and overlapped with a portion of the frit, wherein the electrode line comprises at least one opening in an intersecting region overlapped with the frit.


A connecting element for connecting a blood pump or a cannula to a heart, the connecting element including a sealing element, which is designed to at least temporarily close an opening formed in the cardiac wall and to be opened via insertion of a preferably cylindrical object in the direction of an axis of the opening.

The invention relates to a connecting element for mounting a blood pump or a cannula on a heart, and a system for mounting such a connecting element on the heart.
In the implantation of heart assist systems in particular, inserting a so-called inlet cannula or the inlet connecting piece of an implantable blood pump into the heart through a previously formed opening is problematic. If the implantation will be performed without the use of a heart-lung machine, the heart continues to beat during these manipulations, and therefore blood can freely flow out during the period after the opening is formed and before the cannula/pump is inserted if makeshift sealing measures are not implemented (sealing using thumb pressure is common). The makeshift sealing measures must be carried out very quickly, however. The blood loss cannot be perfectly prevented and increases in the period between formation of the opening and insertion of the cannula.
The problem is therefore that of closing the opening in the heart after it is formed and until the cannula/pump is inserted, thereby ensuring that problems do not occur due to a relatively long time period between formation of the opening and insertion.

Connecting element for mounting a blood pump or a cannula on a heart


A system and method for producing and maintaining a predetermined proportionate mixture of two fluids, such as water and foam concentrate, in accordance with conductivity measurements of the fluids. A set point is established which is representative of the conductivity of the predetermined proportionate mixture. The conductivity of the mixture is measured and compared with the set point by conductivity probes and a microprocessor. A control valve is continuously adjusted to maintain the predetermined proportionate mixture in response to control signals from the microprocessor in accordance with the comparisons of the conductivity values.

The invention relates to the production and maintenance of predetermined proportionate mixtures of fluids, and more specifically to a system and method for producing and maintaining a proportionately constant mixture of water and foam concentrate, typically for use in firefighting apparatus.
Direct injection foam concentrate proportioning systems offer many advantages over the currently used balanced pressure, in-line eductor and around-the-pump systems. Balanced pressure systems require ratio controllers which have limits as to flow range, and which also typically produce an undesirable pressure loss. In-line eductor systems are limited as to flow range and back pressure tolerance, and typically cause a pressure loss of 30-40% of inlet pressure. Due to the fact that eductors will not function if back pressure exceeds 65-70% of inlet pressure, these systems must be carefully matched to the downstream system so that excessive back pressure will not occur. Their proportioning accuracy is poor if the inlet pressure varies significantly from the design value. Around-the-pump systems require readjustments of the proportioning valve each time the system flow changes, and will not work if pump inlet pressure exceeds the allowable back pressure of the high volume jet pump used in the system. The around-the-pump proportioners cannot be used in systems where foam solution is desired at some system discharge points and water at others. However, they have considerable utility, especially in aircraft crash rescue vehicles and municipal pumpers.
Conventional direct injection systems make use of paddlewheel-type flow meters to measure water and foam concentrate flow rates. The foam concentrate flow rate is then adjusted either manually or automatically to the desired percentage of the water flow rate. Paddlewheel flow meters are affected by the viscosity of the liquid being measured, thus making it necessary to recalibrate them for foam concentrates of differing viscosities, and making them impossible to use with foam concentrates which have non-Newtonian rheologies. Exemplary systems of this type are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,324,294 and 4,246,969, both issued to McLoughlin et al., relating to chemical injection systems.

System and method for producing and maintaining predetermined proportionate mixtures of fluids


The present invention is directed to a method of forming an imprinting layer on a substrate including high resolution features, and transferring the features into a solidified region of the substrate. Desired thickness of the residual layer may be minimized in addition to visco-elastic behavior of the material.

The field of invention relates generally to imprint lithography. More particularly, the present invention is directed to forming layers on a substrate to facilitate fabrication of high resolution patterning features suited for use as metrology standards.
Metrology standards are employed in many industries to measure the operation of varying equipment and processes. For semiconductor processes, a typical metrology standard may include grating structures, L-shaped structures and other common patterning geometries found on production devices. In this manner, the metrology standards facilitate measurement of the performance of the processing equipment.
Conventional metrology standards are manufactured from a variety of conventional processes, such as e-beam lithography, optical lithography, and using various materials. Exemplary materials include insulative, conductive or semiconductive materials. After formation of the metrology standards using conventional processes, a post process characterization technique is employed to measure the accuracy of the metrology features. This is due, in part, to the difficulty in repeatably producing reliable accurate metrology standards. A drawback with the conventional processes for manufacturing metrology standards is that the post process characterization step is time consuming. In addition, the difficulty in repeatably producing reliable metrology standards results in a low yield rate. A processing technique that may prove beneficial in overcoming the drawbacks of the conventional processes for fabricating metrology standards is known as imprint lithography.
An exemplary imprint lithography process is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,334,960 to Willson et al. Willson et al. disclose a method of forming a relief image in a structure. The method includes providing a substrate having a planarization layer. The planarization layer is covered with a polymerizable fluid composition. A mold makes mechanical contact with the polymerizable fluid. The mold includes a relief structure, and the polymerizable fluid composition fills the relief structure. The polymerizable fluid composition is then subjected to conditions to solidify and polymerize the same, forming a solidified polymeric material on the planarization layer that contains a relief structure complimentary to that of the mold. The mold is then separated from the solid polymeric material such that a replica of the relief structure in the mold is formed in the solidified polymeric material. The planarization layer and the solidified polymeric material are subjected to an environment to selectively etch the planarization layer relative to the solidified polymeric material such that a relief image is formed in the planarization layer. Advantages with this imprint lithography process are that it affords fabrication of structures with minimum feature dimensions that are far smaller than is provided employing standard semiconductor process techniques.
It is desired, therefore, to provide a method for reliably producing precision features on a substrate for use as metrology standards.


A linear motor with an integrated guidance comprising a base plate comprising at least two side walls, and a travel plate guideably connected to the base plate in a linearly movable manner, wherein the travel plate comprises at least two rails and is connected to a plurality of rollers, wherein the plurality of rollers travel on the at least two rails.

In general, linear motors are construction units suitable for comprehensive applications in automation. Conventional linear motors are often used in large units, in connection with construction of machines and semiconductor assembly. However, conventional linear motors are too large and too expensive to be used in applications such as laboratory automation, parts handling, optical testing technology, and the like. Thus, there is a need for compact and highly integrated linear motors provided with directly driven linear axes or tables and flexible fastenings.
While it is beneficial to manufacture linear motors provided with directly driven linear axes as inexpensively as possible, maintaining a high dimensional accuracy of the directly driven linear axes is important. The method accuracy of a linear motor's travel plate is generally determined by the position measurement system and the activation of the motor, and the dimensional accuracy of a linear motor is mainly affected by the guidance of the linear motor's travel plate.
Linear motors known in the art are usually provided with linear axes and compound tables. These linear motors, as disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20020140296A1, generally comprise a base plate, which is essentially a plane, a table plate movably held above the base plate, and a guiding and positioning means arranged between the base and table plates. Other linear motors known in the art are provided with analogous corresponding linear tables, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004188566A2. The above-mentioned linear motors may also be provided with guiding systems, such as rail or roller systems, which are arranged between the base and table plates. The guiding systems are usually designed as separate and pre-manufactured units and may be installed as finished elements on the linear motors. These guiding systems usually comprise two stable, precise rails, wherein roller cages or ball cages are held between the two rails. The fastening means between the base plate, the guiding system, and the travel plate of these linear motors are usually constructed very rigidly and precisely in order to provide exact guidance within the linear motors. This type of construction also allows the rails of the guiding systems, which is generally constructed of hard metals such as steel, to achieve the demanded precision and prevent wear of the rails.
In still another type of linear motors known in the art, in order to achieve high dynamics in the linear motors, the movable travel plate may be constructed with a lightweight metal, so that the mass of the travel plate is very low. However, the combination of the travel plate constructed of lightweight metal and the steel guide rails are limited in providing precise linear axes in the linear motors, because the coefficient of thermal expansion of steel and the lightweight metal are very different. Particularly, this limitation is commonly found in linear motors provided with integrated direct drives, which can cause the linear motor to heat up during operation. The heat can lead to various expansions of the metals, which in some cases, can lead to jamming of the guiding system.
Furthermore, some of these linear motors, due to the side surfaces of the linear motors and the arrangement of the base and travel plates, coupled with the intermediate arrangement of the respectively required rails, may not be suitable for use in some assembly systems. A solution to this limitation has been suggested in PCT Publication No. W002060641A1, which discloses a linear table comprising a base plate and side walls manufactured from a mono-block. However, the linear table is moved by way of a traction system, and the actual drive is not arranged between the two rails and the base plate and travel plate.


Methods and structures are disclosed for providing autonomous control of an underwater vehicle using a state machine. A controller is used onboard the underwater vehicle and includes a state machine having a plurality of operating states. Each of the plurality of operating states includes one or both of entrance criteria and exit criteria. The controller is configured to transition from executing a first operating state of the plurality of operating states to executing a second operating state of the plurality of operating states in response to the exit criteria of the first operating state and the entrance criteria of the second operating state both being met. The plurality of operating states includes a first portion of operating states associated with a first task, a second portion of operating states associated with a second task, and a third portion of operating states associated with both the first and second tasks.

Maritime vehicles, and more specifically unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), are useful for performing various complex maritime tasks such as reconnaissance, oceanographic survey, payload deployment/recovery, or mine countermeasures. Unmanned vehicles require some form of control system to carry out the tasks. The control system may be manually operated by a user transmitting commands to the unmanned vehicle, or the control system may be autonomous. Autonomous control systems are desirable due to reduced interaction required from the user, but are often very rigid in their protocols. As will be appreciated, a number of non-trivial issues remain with respect to providing a robust autonomous control system for an underwater vehicle.
Although the following Detailed Description will proceed with reference being made to illustrative embodiments, many alternatives, modifications, and variations thereof will be apparent in light of this disclosure.

Adaptable control for autonomous maritime vehicles

BAE Systems Information and Electronic Systems Integration Inc.


The present invention relates to a gas tight storage and/or transport tank for low molecular filling media, in particular for hydrogen, with a tank wall which comprises a thermoplastic polymer and at least one diffusion barrier. The diffusion barrier comprises a metal hydride.

Energy storage by means of hydrogen has been gaining increasing importance recently. There are today various techniques for storing hydrogen, it being possible to distinguish between storage in the gaseous, liquid or, in the form of metal hydrides, in the chemically bound state.
Small quantities of hydrogen can be stored simply in compressed gas bottles. In this respect, the following basic principle applies: the higher the pressure in the tank the higher is the storage density. In connection with the introduction of vehicles driven with natural gas, compressed gas tanks of steel have been developed which are, as a rule, officially approved for a filling pressure of up to 250 bar. Usually, containers are nowadays made of metal in order to counteract the embrittlement tendency of hydrogen and in order to achieve the required compressive strength. Austenitic steels are used predominantly. However, pressure tanks made of steel have the disadvantage that they have a high inherent weight and require cumbersome insulation which considerably restricts the reach of mobile systems.
For the use of fuel cells, small tanks with a high energy density are required which are to guarantee a maximum reach in the mobile sector. For this reason, composite tanks (full composite pressure flasks) were developed which can be filled from time to time up to a pressure of 350 bar. The volume-specific storage density ranges 0.5 kWh/1 for steel bottles to as much as 0.8 kWh/1 for full composite bottles.
Moreover, storage of hydrogen in the liquid phase in cryogenic tanks at temperatures down to −250° C. is common.
Tanks with a metal hydride fill are not subject to the high requirements regarding isolation or pressure. The effective pressure level is between 5 and 50 bar and the temperatures which arise for absorption and desorption of hydrogen are between 20° C. and approximately 280° C., depending on the hydride used.
As a result of the requirements regarding the tank material being relatively low in comparison with other types of storage vessels, those with a plastic jacket are used as a rule. The disadvantage of a plastic jacket is the relatively low molecular density as a result of which diffusion of the hydrogen from the tank is possible. By cross-linking the molecular chain of the plastic material and/or using special diffusion barriers, the diffusion of hydrogen from the tank can be reduced.
Such a plastic tank with a diffusion barrier is disclosed in WO 02/088593 A1, for example. Preferably, a metal-plastic composite film is used as diffusion barrier. In practice, it has been found that even such a diffusion barrier cannot fully exclude the diffusion of hydrogen.

Gas tight vessel with a diffusion barrier layer of metal hydrides


A device for joining sections of solid-dielectric underground cable comprises conductor extension pieces or ferrules respectively attached to the center conductors of each of the cable sections, conductor inserts installed in a cavity of each of the ferrules, and a conductor clamp for clamping the ferrules together in a predetermined longitudinal arrangement. The conductor clamp comprises a pair of semi-cylindrical shell pieces which, when assembled together, form a modified cylindrical structure having a central aperture for receiving the ferrules. Each conductor insert includes a disk-shaped flange plate on its outer end. Fasteners are used to compress the shell pieces toward one another into secure engagement with the ferrules, so that the ferrules, and the center conductors to which they are attached, are retained in a desired predetermined mechanical relationship. The flange plates of the conductor inserts are larger than the central aperture of the assembled clamp so that the flange plates are longitudinally constrained by the walls of the cavity. As a result, the assembly can withstand large forces in tension and compression which may be produced due to thermal expansion and contraction of the cable.

This invention relates to electric power transmission and distribution equipment, and more particularly to devices for joining sections of certain types of electric power transmission cables.
Electric power is often transmitted at voltages exceeding 50 kV in order to reduce power losses caused by the resistance of the conductors. Traditionally, such high-voltage conductors have been suspended high above the ground from towers or other suitable supports in order to isolate them from the ground and from other objects where a high difference of potential would exist between the conductors and the objects. In such applications, the conductors are electrically insulated from the supports by suitable insulator apparatus, and from everything else by the air present in the region around the conductor. As is well known, an electric field surrounds the conductor. Because air has a relatively low dielectric strength, the conductors must be separated from other objects by a relatively large distance to prevent the electric field gradient in the region between the conductor and the object from exceeding dielectric strength of the insulating air.
The above-ground transmission of electric power via suspended conductors may be inappropriate for certain applications. In some cases, the requirement that the conductors be spaced far from other objects is inconsistent with existing or planned land use patterns. In other cases, aesthetic considerations preclude the use of the large towers or other supports required. One possible solution to this problem would be to locate air-insulated conductors underground in suitable vaults, but the need to maintain adequate physical separation between each conductor and other conductors and surrounding objects would require huge vaults and renders this solution economically infeasible.
For these and other reasons, systems have been designed to permit electricity to be transmitted at high voltages through suitable cables having configurations which do not require large physical spacing between the conductor and other objects. In one such cable configuration, a center conductor is surrounded by a layer of an appropriate solid dielectric material, such as polyethylene. The solid dielectric layer is, in turn, surrounded by a conductive shield. The center conductor, the solid dielectric, and the conductive shield are concentrically disposed. The center conductor has a substantially circular cross section. In order to avoid skin effect, the center conductor may comprise several groups of smaller conductor strands. Such groups are arranged as sectors of the circular center conductor cross section. The conductive shield may be formed as a tubular layer of partially conductive material having one or more drain conductors running along the outside surface of the layer. A corrugated metal tube or other suitable armor may be provided around the conductive shield to provide physical protection against damage to the cable.
The solid dielectric layer is formed from a suitable material having a high dielectric strength to minimize the distance required between the center conductor and the shield for a given operating voltage. This reduces the amount of material required to construct the dielectric layer and all other layers disposed radially outward from the dielectric layer. Accordingly, the weight, cost, and overall diameter of the cable is minimized.
The electrical stress in the region surrounding the center conductor of such cables is high. Special precautions are necessary to avoid electrical breakdown at any place where either the center conductor or the shield conductor are terminated or deformed, because any variation in the geometry of the conductors will cause the stress distribution in the region to change. If the mechanical configuration of the conductors is such that the electrical stress is concentrated, the stress may exceed that which the dielectric medium between the conductors can withstand. In particular, when a section of a cable is joined to another section, the center and shield conductors are necessarily physically discontinuous. Although it is theoretically possible to attach the respective conductors of the two cable sections to produce a configuration within the joint region which is mechanically and electrically identical to that of the cable, it is nearly impossible to achieve this in practice.
Accordingly, when sections of solid-dielectric cable are joined, the joint is typically constructed in a structure designed to reduce the electrical stress in the region of the joint so that the mechanical elements required to create the joint do not produce excessive electrical stress concentrations. Such joints are typically immersed in a suitable container of insulating fluid (e.g. oil), having a high dielectric strength in order to reduce the separation required to avoid breakdown. In addition, conductor arrangements are chosen carefully to avoid sharp edges and other configurations which produce large concentrations of electrical stress and thereby promote breakdown.
It is highly desirable to minimize the number of joints between sections of underground cables. Electrical losses may occur at the joints. In addition, a significant amount of skilled labor is required to build and install the joints, and the material cost of each joint is relatively high. Although cable manufacturers attempt to produce sections of cable which are as long as possible, production processes and other constraints limit the length of a section of cable which can practically and economically be manufactured. In addition, cables used in power transmission applications are relatively heavy, and this weight along with the need to transport the cable from the manufacturer's plant to the place of installation, impose a further limit on the maximum length of a cable section.
A significant problem in the design and construction of underground electric transmission facilities is to join sections of underground cable in a way that provides excellent electrical conductivity and high mechanical strength. Excellent electrical conductivity is important because resistance in the joint causes a portion of the electrical energy flowing through the joint to be converted to waste heat. High mechanical strength is importance because the cable sections may be subject to substantial amounts of mechanical stress. In particular, the cable sections are subject to expansion and contraction as the temperature of the cable and surrounding environment varies. Variations in the cable temperature may occur in part as a result of changes in the amount of current being carried through the cable. These mechanical loads may be sufficient to separate the cables at the joint or otherwise disrupt the joint unless suitable provisions are made to constrain them. In particular, when both cable sections contract, very large tensile loads may be placed on the joint.
Existing joint structures have a variety of disadvantages in underground solid-dielectric cable applications. Several existing techniques are known for joining the center conductors of the two cable sections, including crimping and welding. A problem with both of these techniques is that they produce waste products such as conductive particles and contaminants. As previously mentioned, the joint between cable sections is typically formed within a suitable enclosure which contains an appropriate dielectric fluid such as an insulating oil or a gas such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Any conductive particles or contaminants which may remain after the joint has been constructed may be attracted to regions of high electrical stress and the adjacent conductors.
When such a particle comes into contact with a conductor, it forms a sharp protrusion into the fluid. Such sharp protrusions cause concentrations of electrical stress which may exceed the dielectric strength of the fluid. In addition, such concentrations tend to attract other particles, resulting in progressively longer, breakdown-promoting conductive chains. Also, the byproducts of the welding and crimping processes tend to contaminate the environment in which the process is performed. As a result, these processes are not suitable for constructing a joint in high cleanliness environments, such as "clean rooms."
Because the welding or crimping process must be performed as one of the first steps in joint construction, it is difficult or impossible to use certain types of prefabricated joint components in welded or crimped joints. Stress control cones, corona shields, and certain support insulators are preferably constructed as monolithic structures without seams or other structural discontinuities. These components must surround the center conductor, and therefore, if they are monolithically constructed, they must be installed before the welding or crimping step is performed. However, once the components have been installed on the cable, they physically interfere with access required to perform the actual welding or crimping. These components also interfere with installation of the tape layers normally required in welded or crimped joints. Thus, many preferred joint components cannot be used with conventional welded or crimped joints.
Another problem with welded and crimped joints is that the connection cannot be conveniently disconnected as required for maintenance or reconstruction. An additional problem with welded joints is that although welding the conductors provides a good electrical and mechanical connection, it requires precise longitudinal and axial alignment of the conductors, and this alignment is difficult to achieve in field installations.

Apparatus for joining transmission cables