A table tennis assembly apparatus is provided. The table tennis assembly apparatus may provide a base substrate and an overlaying cutting substrate. Along at least one peripheral of the base substrate may be a bar panel and or one or more clamps. Each clamp is for urging a first force distributor to sandwich a table tennis blade, in a uniform manner, against a glued table tennis rubber supported by the base substrate. After a predetermined amount of time a user may swap the first force distributor for a smaller second force distributor, enabling the user to trim the table tennis rubber around the perimeter of the blade.

The present invention relates to table tennis paddle assembly methods and, more particularly, a table tennis assembly tool and method that focuses on both the cutting portion as well as the glue application and glue drying portion.
Assembly of a table tennis racket involves cutting and attaching with glue one or two sheets of rubber, normally red or black, to a table tennis blade. A sheet of the table tennis rubber, which had not been previously cut to the size of the head of the blade, is larger than the head of the table tennis blade. Affixing a sheet of rubber onto the table tennis blade involves selecting which side of the table tennis blade the rubber will be place on, gluing the table tennis rubber onto the selected side of the table tennis blade, and cutting the rubber sheets to the size of the table tennis blade's head. The assembler may choose to cut the rubber sheet prior to applying the glue or after the rubber sheet has been affixed to the blade because cutting the table tennis rubber may not be required if the rubber sheet had been previously affixed to the same or similarly sized table tennis blade. For table tennis blades which use two sheets of table tennis rubber, the process is repeated for the second rubber, which is attached to the other side of the table tennis blade.
In short, current table tennis assembly tools include table tennis rubber sheets cut by tracing the outline of the blade onto the rubber sheet, then using scissors or a knife to cut the rubber sheet to size. After the rubber sheet is cut to the appropriate size, the sheet would be glued, affixed to the blade, and optionally placed under books or some type of tool that would apply pressure during the glue drying process.
Other solutions in the table tennis assembly field require the table tennis rubber to be cut before the glue is applied to the rubber sheet. This can cause a number of problems. Mistakes in the tracing and cutting of the rubber sheet can ruin the fit of the rubber sheet on the blade. Cutting the rubber before applying the glue may also affect the fit because the size of some rubbers is affected by the glue drying process. Tools which attempt to solve this problem by assisting with the cutting of rubber sheets that have been affixed to the blade do not help with the drying process, so multiple tools would need to be used.
As can be seen, there is a need for a table tennis assembly apparatus and method of use that focuses on both the cutting portion as well as the glue application and glue drying portion. By applying and drying the glue on the blade before the rubber sheet has been cut, there is a better fit of the table tennis rubber onto the blade and a smaller chance of making a cutting mistake.
The table tennis racket assembly tool embodied by the present invention is used during the entire assembly process both cutting and affixing the rubber sheets to the blade. The glue can be applied before the sheet is cut. The tool provides pressure during the drying process. Once the rubber has been affixed and dried onto the blade, the tool assists with cutting the rubber sheet to the size of the blade. The tool is adjustable, so that it can be used to affix the table tennis rubber on both sides of table tennis blades which use two rubber sheets with proper drying pressure.
By applying and drying the glue on the blade before the rubber sheet has been cut, there is a better fit of the table tennis rubber onto the blade, resulting in a cleaner cut and less chance of making a mistake
In sum, the table tennis racket assembly tool helps the table tennis racket assembler to affix the table tennis rubber to the blade and to cut the table tennis rubber to the side of the blade head.


A tailgate sign which is removably attachable onto a pre-existing tailgate and is used for display of signs thereon, or the like. Also, in one embodiment the sign may be reversible or rotated between a first display position and a second display position, etc.

This invention relates to advertising signs that are used in combination with a vehicle tailgate, such signs as sports team insignia""s, personal statements, large bumper stickers, i.e., but more particularly relates to an advertising sign that is substantially in the form of a integral sleeve which is removably attachable to the tailgate, such as by loop and pile fasteners. Also if so desired, the sleeve may include indicia on two sides so as to be reversible. Or the sleeve may also include a pocket for containment of business cards, flyers, or the like. Or still further the sleeve may include a weather-proof transparent compartment for containing and displaying a sign of user choice.
In the past, vehicles have been commonly used for either business purposes or family and recreational use. Because of the need to identify a business by its name or its services or products, company-owned vehicles are typically permanently marked with the company""s name, logo, slogans or the like. While in some instances marking vehicles would not be desired, the vehicle owner may still wish to convey a message to passersby. The cost of placing permanent markings on vehicles can be expensive and may mar the surface of the vehicle. Adhesive backed signs can similarly cause the paint of the vehicle surface to degrade or peel away. Magnetic signs may scratch the vehicle""s paint, since moisture and dirt accumulation on the vehicle surface can cause the magnets to slip along the vehicle body surface. Similarly, the irregular surfaces common to tailgates cause a magnet to seal incompletely, creating the possibility of a sign dislodging or breaking completely away from the tailgate surface.
Attempts have been made in the past to overcome the difficulties previously associated with removable prior art signs, but each have inherent disadvantages which the present invention addresses and overcomes in a manner heretofore not taught. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,833,474 entitled COVER FOR AUTOMOBILE DOORS, to Robinson, and 2,166,048 entitled ADVERTISING SIGN FOR VEHICLES, to Fritsch, are each functional for their intended purpose but neither would be suitable for use on a tailgate of a vehicle as is the present invention.
Another example is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,255,464 entitled TAILGATE SIGN to Marecek which is the closest reference the applicants could find. Wherein the sign is attachable to a tailgate, but it is complicated and uses multiple attachment means for attaching the sign to the tailgate, which the present invention eliminates. Also, the present invention includes various embodiments which provide unique characteristics, not taught within the noted reference. Such as, the present invention if desired may include signs on two sides, which allows the sleeve to be reversible. Or if preferred, signs may be inserted interchangeably into transparent compartments for display of the signs there through.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a tailgate sign which is removably adjustably attachable to a pre-existing tailgate.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a tailgate sign which is substantially a retrofit and will fit substantially any type or size of vehicle tailgate.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a tailgate sign that may be reversible.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a tailgate sign that includes transparent compartments for containment of signs. This allows a user to purchase the tailgate sign and then put in a sign of their choice, without the need to buy a new sleeve. Unlike the prior art wherein indicia or a sign is permanently imprinted within the material which forms the tailgate sign.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a tailgate sign which may include an optional pocket for containment of business cards, flyers, or the like.
Also a further object of the present invention is to provide a tailgate sign which is economical to manufacture and use.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a tailgate sign that is used to display not only advertisements for businesses, but may also be used for advertising a message or a slogan, such as xe2x80x9cJUST MARRIEDxe2x80x9d, xe2x80x9cDenver Bronco""s World Championshipxe2x80x9d etc.
A very important object of the present invention is to provide a tailgate sign which when attached to the tailgate will not mar or damage the vehicle surface in any manner, it complies with Highway Patrol Regulations, and it reduces the chance for accidental disengagement of the sign while driving.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a tailgate sign which allows the tailgate to be fully functional even when the present invention is installed.
Also another object of the present invention is to provide a tailgate sign which allows a user to grasp the tailgate handle, but will not aesthetically interfere with viewing of the sign, which is an inherent disadvantage within the prior art.
Other objects and advantages will be seen when taken into consideration with the following drawings and specification.


A base body includes a fiducial stage part provided with an inner terminal group, and an upper stage part located at a side of an outer edge of a package with respect to the fiducial stage part and protruding with respect to the fiducial stage part through a step part. A frame body is bonded to the upper stage part, and an inner edge of the frame body is located at the side of the outer edge of the package with respect to the step part.

1. Field of the Invention
The present disclosure relates to an electronic component including a package that houses an electronic device.
2. Description of the Related Art
An electronic device such as a semiconductor element is housed in a package having an inner terminal and an outer terminal, and is first-mounted as an electronic component in which the electronic device is electrically connected with the inner terminal. The electronic component is fixed to a wiring board, and is second-mounted as an electronic module in which the outer terminal is connected with the wiring board. The electronic module is installed in an electronic apparatus.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-245244 discloses an image pickup element package, in which a substrate having an image pickup element chip mounted thereon and an optical member close both ends of a hole that is provided in a support body and that serves as an optical path. The support body and the substrate are bonded, and the support body and the optical member are bonded, respectively by using adhesives.
With the structure as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-245244, the adhesive that is used for bonding the substrate and the support body may be spread on the substrate, and the adhesive that is used for bonding the optical member and the support body may drip on the substrate. If the adhesives contact an electrode pad or a metal wire for connection of the image pickup element provided on the substrate, the electrode pad may be corroded and the metal wire may be broken. Such phenomena may result in a serious problem relating to the reliability of the electronic component and the yield when the electronic component is manufactured.
As a countermeasure for such phenomena, the substrate and the support body may be bonded at a position sufficiently separated from the electrode pad and the metal wire. However, this countermeasure may result in a needless increase in size of the image pickup element package.

Electronic component, mounting member, electronic apparatus, and their manufacturing methods


The present disclosure discloses a method and apparatus for generating a speech synthesis model. A specific embodiment of the method comprises: acquiring a plurality of types of training samples, each of the plurality of types of training samples including a text of the type, and a speech of the text having a style of speech corresponding to the type read by an announcer corresponding to the type; and training a neural network corresponding to a speech synthesis model using the plurality of types of training samples and an annotation of the style of speech in the each of the plurality of types of training samples to obtain the speech synthesis model, the speech synthesis model being used to synthesize speech of the announcer corresponding to each of the plurality of types having a plurality of styles.

A speech synthesis model is generated by training the neural network corresponding to the speech synthesis model. In order to provide synthesized speeches of a plurality of announcers having a plurality of different styles for the user, for each announcer, it is required to respectively perform the training using speeches of the announcer having a plurality of styles, to respectively generate a speech synthesis model for synthesizing the speech of each announcer having each style, resulting in heavy training costs.

Method and apparatus for generating speech synthesis model

BAIDU ONLINE NETWORK TECHNOLOGY (BEIJING) CO., LTD.


The invention is a method and apparatus for dynamically loading a gateway server into a client machine if one is needed for the client machine to communicate directly with a program in another domain. In brief summary, when a new machine receives an object reference, this new machine must determine whether it can use the object reference as is for further communications or whether it must try to modify the object reference before using it. The new machine makes this determination by seeing if the front handle of the object reference points to a gateway object that is located on the new machine. If so, then the new machine can use the object reference as is. If the front handle pointer indicates that the designated gateway object is on another machine, then the task is to find or create a new gateway object on the new machine for use in further communications and to modify the object reference accordingly.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of distributed computing systems, and object-oriented programming. More specifically, the invention is a method and apparatus for minimizing telecommunications bottle-necks when one network domain communicates with a different type domain.
2. Background
It is desirable that efficient communications be enabled when communicating between heterogeneous computer system domains (for example, between an object-oriented domain and a non-object legacy software domain).
The growth of the internet and large company intranets have generated a need for communications to be put in place between heterogeneous computer systems/networks, such as UNIX.TM. based systems, and Windows based systems, etc. Moreover the adoption within these networks of object-oriented systems creates a new computing domain to add to the mix of different domains which would like to communicate with each other. In object-oriented systems, pointers to object implementations (often called "handles") can be passed from one Client to another Client creating some need to optimize these handles with respect to the communications path they use.
More recently, a new computing paradigm, known as the JAVA.TM. system developed by Sun Microsystems.TM., Inc., is predicated on both a need and an efficient mechanism for passing programs (sometimes called "Applets.TM.") transparently between heterogeneous computer platforms. (UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. JAVA and Sun Microsystems are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc.)
In the past, attempts have been made to minimize the communications traffic between Clients which use handles to point to an object (also called "an object implementation"), especially where these object handles may be passed from one Client to another Client. Solutions to this problem have generally occurred within a single computing domain. That is, solutions to this problem have been found where the computer systems involved in the particular network in question all implemented the same object protocol. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,287,507 issued Feb. 15, 1994 ("Hamilton et al") assigned to Sun Microsystems, Inc. and titled "Method and Apparatus for Portable Object Handles that use Local Caches" (and incorporated fully herein by reference) teaches a mechanism whereby a network object handle can be used to reference both a server (the object implementation) and a local cache manager. When the network object handle is sent to another client, the handle is automatically updated to use a cache manager local to the receiving client, or if none is available the handle is updated to point directly to the server rather than communicate through the first client to the server. This process works well to minimize the communications path from the client holding the handle to the server, but it only works in a domain where all computer systems holding the clients and servers are using the same object protocol. Where one has a first domain like this which must communicate across heterogeneous domain boundaries, it is no longer possible to elect to point directly to the server when the server is in one domain and the client is in a second domain which is different from the first domain. This would be like speaking French to a person who only understands German. Thus there usually must be some intermediate mechanism between the calling client and the program in the different domain, wherein the intermediate mechanism can translate between the communications protocol of the calling client and the protocol of the called program.
An attempt to solve this problem, in which heterogeneous domains must communicate with each other, was to install a "gateway server" on one machine, say an object-oriented machine, the gateway server being an object having methods which would convert an object-oriented request from a client using the aforementioned handle, into a message protocol format understood by the second domain. Consider the following example, referring to FIG. 1 which shows a machine A 102 in one computing domain and shows in another domain, machine B 104 and machine C 106. The domain boundary is illustrated by line 120. Machine B 104 and machine C 106 are in an object-oriented domain, whereas machine A 102 is in a second domain. Machine B 104 is shown having a Client B 108 which communicates with a Gateway Server 110 via communication path 112. In this case the Gateway Server 110 is an object which has a method that can convert an object-oriented call into a different format that machine A 102 can understand. This communication is via communication paths 114 and 116. If Client B 108 passes the handle to the Gateway Server 110 to Client C 118 on Machine C 106, and if Machine C 106 has no Gateway Server 110 similar to the one on Machine B 104, then Client C 118 has no choice in communicating to Machine A 102 except that of going through the Gateway server 110 on Machine B 104. Consider now a more specific example, with reference to FIG. 1 which should make this more clear. An NFS server machine A 102 provides access to NFS files. If a Spring object-oriented machine B 104 has a gateway server 110 that converts between NFS operations and Spring file operations, then any program (such as Client B 108 or Client C 118) on Spring machines B 104 and C 106 can use the NFS files exported by machine A 102. ("Spring" is an internal code name used by Sun Microsystems, Inc. to designate a micro-kernel based object-oriented operating system developed in recent years. Spring is described in some detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/554,794 filed Nov. 7, 1995 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,577,251 (a continuation of Ser. No. 07/995,863 filed Dec. 21, 1992) in group art unit 2317, by Graham Hamilton et al titled "A Method & Apparatus for Subcontracts in Distributed Processing Systems" and which is incorporated fully herein by reference.)
The present invention is a method and apparatus to determine whether it is appropriate, and if so, to automatically interpose a gateway server between an object-oriented program or client and a computer system in another domain, so as to avoid an indirect communications path (path 119 in FIG. 1 for example) through some other machine in its same domain. Consider FIG. 2. If machine C 106 also has a gateway server 122, and if a program (say Client C 118) on machine C 106 obtains a reference to a file from the gateway server 110 on machine B 104, this invention will automatically interpose the gateway server 122 on machine C 106 between the client C 118 and server 110 on machine B 104. The interposed gateway server will convert and forward operation calls on the object reference directly to the NFS server on machine A 102 via communications paths 126 and 128, thereby reducing by half the network traffic required for file access by the program on machine C. If the machine C 106 does not have a gateway server, this invention provides a mechanism to automatically create the desired gateway server on machine C 106. As will be explained in more detail below, the entities designated "Gateway Servers" above may be JAVA classes which are dynamically loaded when needed because some client on a distant machine has passed an object reference to a current machine wherein the front object handle references a machine in another unknown domain.

Method and apparatus for access to remote gateway servers


A patient garment for wearing during treatment or examination involving insertion of tubing at a body site which is suitable for street wear. A plurality of openable flaps allow access to particular body sites and loops attached to the garment adjacent each opening secure the tubing in position.

This invention concerns garments to be worn by patients while receiving medical treatment or while being examined and more particularly, in receiving treatments involving tubes inserted into the patient's body, such as for dialysis, catheters, etc. The need to obtain access to certain parts sites on a patient's body for examination or treatment requires that a patient wear a hospital gown. Such gowns are not suitable for street wear and do not allow a patient to be inhibited while moving about a hospital or other facility since they have large openings enabling ready access by medical personnel for examination or treatments. It would be desirable if such garments could be practically worn when commuting to the hospital or other medical facility to save time.
Tubes are typically taped to be held in position, but this has been found to be ineffective as the tape comes loose as the patient moves about. While garments have been developed which have improved the street wearability of the garments, the problem of the tubes attached while moving about has not been satisfactorily solved.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a garment which is suitable as street wear and also secures the tubes in position so as to allow the patient to move about freely.


A rider propelled roundabout apparatus includes a stand and a roundabout assembly supported on the stand for rotation about a substantially vertical axis. The assembly is provided with at least one seat for supporting a rider, and a drive bar is supported on the stand for rotation relative to the stand. A roller clutch situated between the stand and the drive bar prevents rotation of the drive bar in a first rotary direction while permitting rotation of the drive bar in a second rotary direction. The rider propels the assembly in the second rotary direction by exerting a force on the drive bar in the first rotary direction. The drive bar is free to rotate with the rider in the second rotary direction so that the rider may continuously hold onto the drive bar and exert additional force on the drive bar in the first rotary direction at any time to further propel the assembly.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to toys and, more particularly, to a roundabout apparatus which permits a rider to propel himself along a circular path around a stationary stand.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
It has long been known to provide a merry-go-round or roundabout which permits a number of riders supported on the device to propel themselves around the central upstanding post of a stationary stand. Numerous drive mechanisms have been conceived in an attempt to increase the level of amusement derived from operation of the device. However, conventional constructions are complex, requiring a large number of specially constructed parts which result in a device that is expensive to produce and difficult to assemble.
Examples of known merry-go-rounds include U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,560,703, 2,693,958, 2,699,335, 2,739,811, 2,943,854 and 4,119,310.


Symbols are transmitted in a Cartesian transmitter by pre-distorting an input signal X having in-phase and quadrature components using a first compensation lookup table operable to hold complex valued entries to carry out in-phase and quadrature compensation pre-distortion with respect to the input signal to form a pre-distorted signal Z. The pre-distorted signal Z is processed to form an output signal Y using a nonlinear element. A complex gain normalization parameter adaptively updated to reflect varying gain of a linear region of the nonlinear element. A normalized feed back signal {tilde over (Y)} is formed using the adaptively updated complex gain normalization parameter. The first compensation lookup table is updated based on the pre-distorted input signal Z and the adaptively normalized feedback signal {tilde over (Y)}.

Wireless cellular communication networks incorporate large numbers of mobile user equipment (UEs) and a number of base nodes (NodeBs). A NodeB is generally a fixed station, and may also be called a base transceiver system (BTS), an access point (AP), a base station (BS), or some other equivalent terminology. As improvements of networks are made, the NodeB functionality evolves, so a NodeB is sometimes also referred to as an evolved NodeB (eNB). In general, NodeB hardware, when deployed, is fixed and stationary, while the UE hardware is typically portable.
In contrast to NodeB, the mobile UE can comprise portable hardware. User equipment (UE), also commonly referred to as a terminal or a mobile station, may be fixed or mobile device and may be a wireless device, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem card, and so on. Uplink communication (UL) refers to a communication from the mobile UE to the NodeB, whereas downlink (DL) refers to communication from the NodeB to the mobile UE. Each NodeB contains radio frequency transmitter(s) and the receiver(s) used to communicate directly with the mobiles, which move freely around it. Similarly, each mobile UE contains radio frequency transmitter(s) and the receiver(s) used to communicate directly with the NodeB. In cellular networks, the mobiles cannot communicate directly with each other but have to communicate with the NodeB.
With each successive cellular phone handset generation, users demand more features in a smaller form factor. Some recent examples include cell phones with integrated Bluetooth, GPS, digital camera, and MP3 functionality. Process shrinks help deliver a cost and size advantage for digital designs with relative ease. However, for analog/RF designs, the immaturity of advanced processes comes with design challenges that may outweigh the intended advantage. In a typical handset, 30 to 40% of handset board space is occupied by analog/RF functionality which cannot be re-designed or migrated to the newer process/technology nodes easily, inhibiting vendor ability to cost effectively add features and reduce footprint.
Digital radio has recently allowed the replacement of space consuming analog RF circuitry with much more compact digital circuitry, thereby facilitating the ability to port designs rapidly to more advanced lithographies. Texas Instruments (TI) has proven this concept with its Digital RF Processor (DRP™) architecture, which it has successfully implemented in production versions of its Bluetooth BRF6xxx transceivers, GSM/GPRS LoCosto TCS23xx transceivers among other chips. DRP implementation is consistent with the on-going trend toward RF-CMOS in the cellular area, making it attractive in terms of power consumption, cost, and the integration of multiple radios.
Transmitters use one or more amplifiers, such as a digital pre-power amplifier (PPA) and an external power amplifier (PA), to amplify components of the input signal to be transmitted. These components are in-phase and quadrature components in the case of a Cartesian transmitter.
A highly linear amplifier distorts the signal the least and so is most favored from a standpoint of signal quality. Unfortunately, highly linear amplifiers use relatively large amounts of power and numbers of highly accurate and tightly matched components, making them relatively power consumptive, large and expensive. Though they perform the best, they are thus disfavored in many wireless applications, particularly those that require low-cost transmitters or transmitters that are subject to large operating voltage excursions. The amplifier that is best suited overall for low-cost, battery-powered wireless transmitters is a simpler amplifier having significant nonlinearities.
Predistortion is often used to compensate for these nonlinearities, resulting in a linearization of the output of the amplifier. The theory underlying predistortion is that if an amplifier's distortion characteristics are known in advance, an inverse function can be applied to an input signal to predistort it before it is provided to the amplifier. Though the amplifier then distorts the signal as it amplifies it, the predistortion and the amplifier distortion essentially cancel one another, resulting in an amplified output signal having substantially reduced distortion.
In digital transmitters, digital predistortion (DPD) is most often carried out using a lookup table (LUT) that associates output values with input signal values. Entries in the LUT are addressed using samples of the input signal. The output values retrieved from the LUT are used either to modify the samples (an "inverse gain" configuration) or in lieu of the samples (a "direct mapping" configuration). In modern applications such as WCDMA, samples are transmitted at a very high rate. Thus, the predistorter needs to be able to look up and retrieve output values very quickly.
WCDMA Cartesian transmitters suffer nonlinearities resulting from both amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation (PM), namely AM-AM and AM-PM interactions, occurring in their amplifier(s). In such Cartesian transmitters, predistortion is carried out at least partially to negate the effect of these interactions.
Values for a nominal predistortion LUT are typically computed during initial factory calibration. Unfortunately, a factory-calibrated predistortion LUT often fails to linearize the amplifier(s) adequately under varying operational conditions (e.g., temperature, voltage, frequency and voltage standing-wave ratio, or VSWR). Aging, especially in WCDMA and other so-called "3G" transmitters, only exacerbates the inadequacy.

Adaptive complex gain predistorter for a transmitter


An easy table tennis training device comprises a retaining mount, a swing member, a telescopic tube, and a retaining seat wherein the retaining mount is made up of a base and an accommodating case with a receiving cavity fixed on top of the base thereon for the accommodation of a mattress element therein, and the swing member has a central screw hole defining therein to register with a locking fitting and a plurality of washers thereby. The telescopic tube is composed of a fixed rod, an adjustable rod, a fixing element, a locking element, and a sleeve tube wherein the fixed rod has a central cylindrical channel and an engaging portion protruding at the bottom end thereof, the adjustable rod has a coupling end protruding at the upper section and an elongated recessed groove appropriately defining the lower section thereon, and the sleeve tube has a central pivoting hole to form an abutting face therein with an O-shaped ring reciprocally mounted thereto. The retaining seat has an opening communicating with a retaining cavity for accommodating a ball element therein, an abutting section annularly extending at the upper edge thereon, and an engaged end extending at the bottom section thereof. Therefore, via the base, the retaining mount can be stably put onto various appropriate locations and the telescopic tube can be appropriately adjusted in height according to that of a player and the desirable stroke position thereof. And more than one of the table tennis training devices can be simultaneously applied, permitting a player to do incessant forehand and backhand stroke practice. Besides, the present invention can be easily carried for training at any time as pleased, economically achieving more convenient and flexible application thereof.

The present invention is related to an easy table tennis training device, comprising a retaining mount, a swing member, a telescopic tube, and a retaining seat wherein the retaining mount is made up of a base and an accommodating case fixed on top of the base thereof for the accommodation of a mattress element therein, and the swing member screw-joined to the lower end of the telescopic tube thereof is connected to an appropriated position of the mattress element thereon; the upper end of the telescopic tube is reciprocally engaged with the retaining seat having a retaining cavity defining thereon for the accommodation of a ball element therein; whereby, the present invention can be easily carried for a player to practice strokes of table tennis at any time and place as pleased, facilitating more convenient application of the present invention and achieving the economical efficiency thereof.
A conventional table tennis training device on the market is characterized by the application of a robot and a table tennis table wherein, in training thereof, accessory equipment must be prepared first such as a matched net being mounted and multiple ping-pong balls being accommodated into the robot thereof. After the balls accommodated at the robot therein is shot and used up, the balls must be retrieved and relocated for another round of practice, which is rather time-consuming and painful in the process thereof. And, in addition to the relatively high price thereof, the conventional table tennis training device is also huge in volume that can pose a time and place limitation for the training thereof and fail to provide sufficient practice at any time and place for a player as pleased. Therefore, the conventional table tennis training device is rather inconvenient in application and uneconomical in the table tennis training purpose thereof.


The data recording/reproducing device according to the present invention, in response to the detected signal output from the data error detector, repeats a reading operation to form a data from a reproduced signal. The gate signal generator includes an envelope detector and a comparator. The envelope detector has a time constant which is changed in accordance with the detected signal output from the data error detector, and forms a threshold signal that generally follows a level variation of the reproduced signal in accordance with the time constant. The comparator compares the reproduced signal and the threshold signal output from the envelope detector so as to form the gate signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a data recording/reproducing device which records data and reproduces data from a recording medium. The present invention also relates to a recording medium to be used in such a data recording/reproducing device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, optical disk recording/reproducing devices have been receiving much attention for recording and reproducing large quantities of data. In order to achieve a higher memory density, various approaches have been taken from both a device standpoint and a recording medium standpoint. These approaches include optimization of data reproduction.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an example of a conventional data recording/reproducing device. In FIG. 11, an optical disk 11 is supported by a driving shaft of a motor 12, thereby being rotated by the motor 12. An optical head 13 includes a semiconductor laser which emits a laser beam toward the optical disk 11, and a photodetector which photoelectrically converts incident light reflected off the optical disk 11 into a reproduced signal.
For recording a signal, a signal generator 14 externally receives data and modulates the received data by pulse position modulation (hereinafter, simply referred to as PPM) and/or pulse width modulation (hereinafter, simply referred to as PWM), thereby generating the signal that is to be recorded on the optical disk 11. The signal is then output to a laser driving circuit 15. The laser driving circuit 15 controls and drives the semiconductor laser of the optical head 13 in response to the input signal so that the semiconductor laser outputs an optical signal corresponding to that input signal. The optical head 13 is supported and moved by a moving mechanism (not shown) so as to trace a track(s) of the optical disk 11. When an optical signal is directed from the optical head 13 to the track(s) of the optical disk 11, while this tracing takes place, a signal corresponding to the optical signal is recorded on the track of the optical disk 11. The signal is recorded in a predetermined data unit, i.e., a sector.
On the other hand, the signal recorded on the optical disk 11 is reproduced as follows. While the optical head 13 traces the track(s) of the optical disk 11, light reflected off the optical disk 11 is received by the photodetector. Then, the photodetector photoelectrically converts the received signal into a reproduced signal. The reproduced signal output from the photodetector is input to a preamplifier 16 so as to be amplified. The resultant reproduced signal is input to an equalizer 17. The equalizer 17 compensates the frequency characteristics of the signal. Then, the resultant reproduced signal A (shown in FIG. 12A) output from the equalizer 17 proceeds to each of two subsequent processing sequences shown in FIG. 11. One of the sequences includes a differentiator 18 and a zero crossing comparator 19, for digitizing the reproduced signal A. The other one of the sequences includes a high-pass filter 21, an amplifier 22, a clamping circuit 23, an envelope detector 24 and a comparator 25, for forming a digitized gate signal in accordance with a level of the reproduced signal A.
The differentiator 18 differentiates the reproduced signal A output from the equalizer 17 and outputs a signal B shown in FIG. 12B to the zero crossing comparator 19. The zero crossing comparator 19 generates a pulse signal every time the signal B becomes zero. As a result, a digitized signal C shown in FIG. 12C is obtained In such a manner, the reproduced signal A reproduced from the optical disk 11 is digitized.
On the other hand, the high-pass filter 21 removes a low-frequency component of the reproduced signal A output from the equalizer 17. The resultant signal with the low-frequency component removed is amplified by the amplifier 22, and is given a constant clamp voltage Vo shown in FIG. 12D as a reference level of the signal. Accordingly, a signal D shown in FIG. 12D is obtained which is then output to the envelope detector 24 and the comparator 25. The envelope detector 24 has a predetermined time constant such that when the signal D output from the clamping circuit 23 is input thereto, the level of the signal D is clipped by approximately 40%, thereby forming a threshold signal Sh shown in FIG. 12D which is output to the comparator 25. The comparator 25 compares the signal D shown in FIG. 12D and the threshold signal Sh so as to output a gate signal E shown in FIG. 12E. The gate signal E represents periods where the reproduced signal A output from the optical disk 11 reaches a certain level.
An AND circuit 26 determines an AND signal of the digitized signal C and the gate signal E so as to form a signal F shown in FIG. 12F.
By digitizing the signal A reproduced from the optical disk 11 through the differentiator 18 and the zero crossing comparator 19 as set forth heretofore, the digitized signal C representing the correct timing can be obtained.
However, when the reproduced signal A contains noise N as shown in FIG. 12A, this noise N may be undesirably digitized as well. In order to solve this problem, the gate signal E that represents the periods where the reproduced signal A is reaching the certain level, is formed through the high-pass filter 21, the amplifier 22, the clamping circuit 23, the envelope detector 24 and the comparator 25, and the AND of the signal C and the gate signal E is determined so as to obtain the signal F which is exclusive of effect caused by the noise N.
The signal F is input to a phase look loop (PLL) circuit 27 so as to be synchronized with a clock signal before being input to a demodulator 28. The demodulator 28 demodulates the signal synchronized with the clock signal (i.e., the signal subjected to PPM and/or PWM) so as to form a data signal and an error correction code signal The data signal is corrected based on the error correction code signal and then the data signal is output.
The above-described process of reading signals from the optical disk 11 is performed in a predetermined data unit, i.e., a sector.
Moreover, in the process of reading the signals, an error detector 29 determines whether the data signal has an error or not, for example, by a parity check. When it is determined that the data signal has an error, the process of reading the signal is repeated. Such a repeating of the process is directed by a host processor (not shown) or the like which exercises general control over each of the blocks shown in FIG. 11, in accordance with the flow chart of FIG. 13.
As shown in FIG. 13, when an instruction for reading the data occurs (Step 101, Yes), a count number RC of a retry counter is initialized to 0 (Step 102). Then, a signal for one sector is reproduced from the optical disk 11. A data signal and an error correction code signal are formed from the thus-obtained reproduced signal as described above (Step 103). Thereafter, it is determined whether or not the data signal has an error (Step 104). If there is no error in the data signal (Step 104, No), the process of reading data for one sector is completed (Step 105).
If there is an error in the data signal (Step 104, Yes), the count number RC of the retry counter is incremented by 1 (Step 106) which is checked to ensure that a predetermined permissive value N (Step 107, No) has not been exceeded. Then, the process returns to Step 103, whereby a signal from the same sector is reproduced again from the optical disk 11 so as to form a data signal and an error correction code signal (Step 103). If there is no error in the data signal (Step 104, No), the process of reading data for one sector is completed (Step 105). If there is an error in the data signal (Step 104, Yes), Steps 106, 107, 103 and 104 are repeated again. Each of Steps 106, 107, 103 and 104 is performed until the count number RC of the retry counter exceeds the permissive value N. When the count number RC exceeds the permissive value N (Step 107, Yes), the process stops and the occurrence of an error is reported (Step 108).
Data can be rewritten in a portion in a recording region of the optical disk 11 for about 0.5 to 1 million times depending on the conditions of use of the optical disk 11. However, a memory film of this portion can easily deteriorate. When such a deterioration of the memory film occurs, the low-frequency component contained the reproduced signal increases.
For example, a reproduced signal A containing the low-frequency component may become as represented in FIG. 14A. In this case, even when the reproduced signal A is digitized by the differentiator 18 and the zero crossing comparator 19 at correct timing so as to obtain the digitized signal C shown in FIG. 14C, a gate signal E may be incorrectly formed as shown in FIG. 14E due to undesirable level variation caused by the low-frequency component contained in the reproduced signal A. In this case, when an AND of the digitized signal C and the gate signal E is determined as shown in FIG. 14E, one of the pulses of the digitized signal C is undesirably neglected, thereby causing an error.
If such an error caused by the low-frequency component is present in one sector, the occurrence of errors is unavoidable in that sector, even when the data in that sector is repeatedly read-out.

Data recording/reproducing device and recording medium

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A system and method enhancing source code management with existing virus detection methods in a library management system to detect potentially malicious code. Malicious code that is introduced into a software product may be detected before the code is able to damage stored data and other software by preventing a product build with the malicious code. Source code received at a code management library system from a set of software developers in a collaborative development environment is moved into a staging area. A determination is made in the staging area as to whether malicious code exists in the source code. If malicious code exists, the library management system does not forward the source code to the software product build and notifies a system administrator of the presence of the malicious code.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to network data processing systems and, in particular, to protecting against viruses. Still more particularly, the present invention provides an improved method, apparatus, and program for source code management.
2. Description of Related Art
The computer field in general has been plagued by the introduction of programs known as computer "viruses" or "worms". A computer virus is a section of code that is buried or hidden in another program. Once the program is executed, the code is activated and attaches itself to other programs in the system. Infected programs in turn copy the code to other programs. In this manner, virus code may spread throughout the computing system and, potentially, to other computing systems via network connections. The effect of such viruses can be simple pranks such as causing a message to be displayed on the screen, or more serious such as the destruction of programs and data. Computer worms are destructive programs that replicate themselves throughout a hard disk and/or memory within a computer using up all available disk or memory space. This replication eventually causes the computer system to crash since, eventually, there is no available disk or memory space to store data.
To combat the increasing problem of computer viruses and worms, many computer users employ the use of protection programs to detect data packets that may contain viruses or worms and then eliminate them before the program associated with the data packet may be run. Existing protection programs typically employ pattern matching to identify malicious code. Pattern matching is a process wherein a file is scanned and its code compared against virus patterns stored in its database. If a virus signature is detected in the code, the file is isolated and notification is provided to the user that a virus is present in the scanned file. In this way, infected files may be identified and eliminated before they cause damage to the computer system.
Security of program code is an issue for software developers as well. It is not uncommon for the development of a product to involve the resources of many outside teams of disconnected developers. This sort of collaborative development of potentially untrustworthy contributors, especially in the realm of open source development, leaves an end product exposed to potentially malicious code being inserted into the source code. Source code comprises programming statements and instructions that are written by a programmer. Source code is what a programmer writes, but it is not directly executable by the computer. A developer of a product may introduce destructive code into the source, which may result in significant damage to both stored data and other software.
Therefore, it would be advantageous to have a method for enhancing source code management by using existing virus detection methods in a library management system to identify potentially malicious code in the source code of a software product prior to performing a product build.

Source code management method for malicious code detection

International Business Machines Corporation


A method for measuring and aligning a rotary cylindrical or other rotationally symmetrical apparatus, such as a kiln or a drum. The apparatus to be measured and aligned has a shell and at least one supporting ring. As the rotary apparatus is rotating under process conditions, measurement points are measured on the surface of the rotating object's shell in the axial direction on both sides of each supporting ring on the same circumferential line. Regression circles are calculated from the measured points, center points are determined for the calculated circles and a straight line and its center point are determined between the center points of the circles calculated on both sides of each supporting ring. A reference straight line is calculated for the center line of the shell and the object's shell is aligned to be straight by transferring the determined center points of the shell to the calculated reference line.

The present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for measuring and aligning a rotary cylindrical or other rotationally symmetrical apparatus, e.g. in the form of a truncated cone. The rotationally symmetrical apparatus can be e.g. a kiln, such as a lime kiln or a cement kiln, or a drum, used in the chemical pulp industry.
Aligning a rotary cylindrical apparatus, such as a kiln or a drum, refers in this connection to straightening of the shell thereof, e.g. in order to keep the bricks in place in the kiln and for ensuring the desired functioning. In practice this means transferring the center points of the shell of a rotary object to a common straight line at the location of its supporting points. Adjustment of a rotary apparatus, in its turn, commonly refers to changing the declination angles of the support rollers of the rotary apparatus in respect of the center line of the apparatus. The adjustment aims at decreasing the wearing of mechanical parts and at desired functioning of the apparatus.
It is known from the state of art to align a rotary apparatus using e.g. the arrangement of FI utility model 8330 comprising i.a. orientation points fixed around the apparatus, measurement points fixed in connection with the support rings, measurement points fixed in connection with support rollers meant for supporting the support rings and at least two station points for setting the measuring device to said station point, and further apparatuses. Thus, the solution according to said publication utilizes, in addition to a measuring device, also a measurement point physically fixed in the object of measurement. The measurement point can be e.g. a target, an adhesive, a prism or a bar. In the solution according to said publication the object is measured when it is cold.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,491,553, in turn, presents an arrangement for measuring a kiln where the measuring device is fixed on a base that is located under the kiln for the measurement. The measuring device in the publication comprise three semiconductor lasers.
In the prior art solutions, such as e.g. in publication FI 8330, a drum-like object is measured stationary, i.e. cold. However, measuring of a cold kiln or drum does not give a right result, but the geometry of the kiln or drum changes during operation due to e.g. thermal expansion. In prior art, the thermal expansion is not always taken into account at all, but aligning is performed in accordance with the geometry of a cold kiln or drum. Then the alignment may differ even remarkably from the correct alignment. Further, taking thermal expansion into account during aligning is very troublesome and it is usually impossible to perform it exactly. And, a problem that arises in measuring a cold kiln or drum is that during the measurement and aligning the kiln or drum has to be kept out of operation. In practice this means that the measurement and aligning are to be performed during shutdown, when many repair and maintenance operations are performed at the mill. Scheduling the measurement and aligning with the other operations can be very difficult.
Another problem in the known solutions is caused by the aim to align the shell of the apparatus in a so-called indirect way, e.g., by measuring for instance the diameters of the support rollers, the distance between the support rollers, the diameter of the support rings, relative differences in altitude of the bases of the support rollers, the clearances of the casing and support ring etc. Such an indirect cold measuring is clearly more unreliable than measuring during the operation of the kiln, because the temperatures vary at different piers. For this reason, the clearance between the shell and the ring does not remain the same, but the center line of the kiln changes. According to prior art, the clearance is measured through backward slip, but the measurement is not totally reliable, as the slip changes a bit due to e.g. rotational speed.
In the solution according to said US-publication, locating the measuring device below the object to be measured is troublesome and time consuming. Additionally, the equipment that is needed is weighty. For these reasons, the measurement is carried out on one side of the support ring only. Further, the measurement is carried out below the shell on one side only, whereby it is not even possible to effect the measurement in close vicinity of the support ring because of the support rollers located below the support ring. An additional problem in the technique according to said US-publication is the narrowness of the sector on which the measurement points can be measured. A narrow measuring sector gives an unreliable result. Further, the shape of the shell changes the least on the lower side, which further increases the unreliability of the measuring result.

Method for measuring and aligning a rotary cylindrical apparatus


A coated overhead conductor having an assembly including one or more conductive wires, such that the assembly includes an outer surface coated with an electrochemical deposition coating forming an outer layer, wherein the electrochemical deposition coating includes a first metal oxide, such that the first metal oxide is not aluminum oxide. Methods for making the overhead conductor are also provided.

As the need for electricity continues to grow, the need for higher capacity transmission and distribution lines grows as well. The amount of power a transmission line can deliver is dependent on the current-carrying capacity (ampacity) of the line. For a given size of the conductor, the ampacity of the line is limited by the maximum safe operating temperature of the bare conductor that carries the current. Exceeding this temperature can result in damage to the conductor or the accessories of the line. Moreover, the conductor gets heated by Ohmic losses and solar heat and cooled by conduction, convection and radiation. The amount of heat generated due to Ohmic losses depends on current (I) passing through the conductor and its electrical resistance (R) by the relationship—Ohmic losses=I2R. Electrical resistance (R) itself depends on temperature. Higher current and temperature lead to higher electrical resistance, which, in turn, leads to more electrical losses in the conductor.


The present invention relates to a system (10, 200) and methodology (74) to enable a plurality of information associated with electronic messages, for example, to be automatically prioritized by a priorities system (12, 230) for transmittal to a user or system. The priorities system (12,230) can employ classifiers (20) that can be explicitly and/or implicitly trained to prioritize one or more received messages (14) according to a learned importance to the user. As an example, messages (14) can be classified as high, medium, low or other degrees of importance via a training set of examples (30) or types of messages having similar degrees of importance. A background monitor (34) can be provided to monitor a user's activities regarding message processing to further refine or tune the classifier (20) according to the user's personal decisions relating to message importance. Other priorities classifications can involve determinations relating to a loss associated with a time for delayed review or processing of the message.

With the growth of computer and information systems, and related network technologies such as wireless and Internet communications, ever increasing amounts of electronic information are communicated, transferred and subsequently processed by users and/or systems. As an example, electronic mail programs have become a popular application among computer users for generating and receiving such information. With the advent of the Internet, for example, exchanging e-mail has become an important factor influencing why many people acquire computers. Within many corporate environments, e-mail has become almost a de facto standard by which coworkers exchange information. However, with the heightened popularity of e-mail and other information transfer systems, problems have begun to appear in regard to managing and processing increasing amounts of information from a plurality of sources.
Among these problems, many users now face a deluge of e-mail and/or other information from which to sort through and/or respond, such that the capability of being able to send, receive and process information has almost become a hindrance to being productive. For example, some users report receiving over 100 e-mail messages a day. With such large numbers of e-mail and other electronic information, it has thus become difficult to manage information according to what is important and what is not as important without substantially expending valuable time to make a personal determination as to the importance. As an example of these determinations, users may have to decide whether messages should be responded to immediately, passed over to be read at a later time, or simply deleted due to non-importance (e.g., junk mail).
Some attempts have been directed to information management problems. For example, attempts have been made to curtail the amount of junk or promotional e-mail that users receive. Additionally, some electronic mail programs provide for the generation of rules that govern how e-mail is managed within the program. For example, a rule providing, "all e-mails from certain coworkers or addresses" are to be placed in a special folder.
These attempts at limiting certain types of information, however, generally are not directed at the basic problem behind e-mail and other information transfer/reception systems. That is, conventional systems often cause users to manually peruse and check at least a portion of some if not all of their received messages in order to determine which messages should be reviewed or further processed. As described above, this takes time from more productive activities. Thus, with the large quantities of information being received, there is a need for a system and methodology to facilitate efficient processing of electronic information while mitigating the costs of manual interventions associated therewith.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


In a method of attaching a solder ball, a first material is coated on a solder ball. A second material is coated on a pad of a substrate where the solder ball is to be attached to exothermically react with the first material. The solder ball makes contact with the pad such that the first material and the second material exothermically react with each other to release heat to adhere the solder ball to the pad using the heat.

1. Field of the Invention
Example embodiments relate to a method of attaching a solder ball and a method of repairing a memory module. More particularly, example embodiments relate to a method of attaching a solder ball to a substrate and a method of repairing a defective package of a plurality of packages mounted on a module substrate.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, a reflow process may be performed such that a solder ball is attached to a package substrate or a semiconductor package including the solder ball is adhered to a module substrate to form complete a memory module. In the reflow process, a solder paste coated on the solder ball may be heated.
When the solder paste is heated, the package substrate, the module substrate and a semiconductor chip of a semiconductor package may be damaged due to the heat generated during the reflow process. Accordingly, the heat generated during the conventional reflow process may cause warping of the semiconductor package, peeling off of the module substrate, non-wetting problems of the solder ball, etc. As a result, the semiconductor package and the memory module may be deteriorated by the thermal damage.

Method of attaching a solder ball and method of repairing a memory module


The detection unit Ud is configured by arranging two strain sensitive elements X1 and X2 respectively at each side of the X-axial direction relative to the center of the strain causing plate 2, and arranging two strain sensitive elements Y1 and Y2 respectively at each side of the Y-axial direction relative to the center of the strain causing plate 2. The signal processing part Um is provided with the X-axial bridge circuit 4 for detecting a force in the X-axial direction by the strain sensitive elements X1 and X2 arranged at the both sides in the X-axial direction, the Y-axial bridge circuit 5 for detecting a force in the Y-axial direction by the strain sensitive elements Y1 and Y2 arranged at both sides in the Y-axial direction, and the Z-axial bridge circuit 6 for detecting a force in the Z-axial direction by a bridge circuit including the X-axial bridge circuit 4 and the Y-axial bridge circuit 5.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a triaxial force sensor and a triaxial force detection method preferably used for detecting forces in the X-axial direction, the Y-axial direction and the Z-axial direction that act on a protruding load action element arranged in the center of one of the surfaces of a strain causing plate.
2. Description of the Relevant Art
Conventionally, a triaxial force sensor composed of a detection element comprising a protruding load action element arranged on one of the surfaces of a strain causing plate and multiple strain sensitive elements arranged on the other surface of the strain causing plate for detecting forces acting on the load action element in the X, Y and Z-axial directions, and a signal processing unit that processes signals from the strain sensitive elements of said detection element is known in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2004-239621, 2000-267803 and 2004-212047 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,993,982).
A three-dimensional pressure sensor disclosed in No. 2004-239621 is provided with a rod-like stud, a base member for securing the pressure sensor, a bending strain detection plate connected between one end of the rod-like stud and the base member, and a plurality of strain sensors arranged on the surface of the bending strain detection plate; the bending strain detection plate has a cross part wherein the rod-like stud is connected to the center of this cross part; the base member is connected to the periphery of the cross part; the strain sensors are arranged on the surfaces of an upward arm, a right-pointing arm, a downward arm and a left-pointing arm, which form the cross part, respectively; and a signal processing circuit conducts pre-determined arithmetic processing using a strain sensor resistance value when there is no contact pressure applied to the end of the rod-like stud and another strain sensor resistance value when the contact pressure is applied, and outputs the processed contact pressure value.
However, in the three-dimensional pressure sensor disclosed in No. 2004-239621, the number of strain sensitive elements to be used is increased. In this case, a total of sixteen strain sensitive elements are required, causing a cost increase due to an increase in the number of components. Since each strain sensitive element needs to be arranged on the surface of the strain causing plate, there is a limitation to miniaturize the detection unit. In particular, when the sensor is mounted to a fingertip of a robot hand having the same size of a human hand, a corresponding size reduction is required. However, the invention in No. 2004-239621 cannot meet this requirement.
Further, the pointing device disclosed in No. 2000-267803 is equipped with an electrode land in the outer circumference and a post in the center, and it comprises a thin polygonal or circular ceramic substrate provided with four resistors midway between the outer circumference and the center, radially relative to the post, and a pedestal mounting the substrate. The electrode land in the outer circumference of the substrate is electrically connected and fixed to the pedestal by soldering creating a gap between the substrate and the pedestal. When the post is pressed, the substrate bends with the soldered portions of the outer circumference working as supporting points, the resistors are strained and the pressing force on the post is detected. The lower end of the post is provided with a thick pedestal contacting the substrate, and the resistors are arranged at the back side of the substrate which is pressed by the pedestal when the pressing force is applied to the post.
In addition, the stress sensor disclosed in No. 2004-212047 is a stress sensor where strain gauges formed by resistive elements are arranged at four points located on one of two straight lines intersecting perpendicularly at the center of a sensor effective region of a substrate plane, and substantially equidistant from the intersection. The post is fixed or integrated to the substrate plane so as to substantially match the center of the sensor effective region on the substrate plane with the center of the post bottom face. The direction and magnitude of the stress can be determined from a change in the resistance value of the resistive element due to stretch, contraction or compression caused by the stress applied to the post wherein the post bottom part has a protrusion acting on the strain gauge when the stress is applied to the post.
However, although the number of strain sensitive elements is reduced to four in both the pointing device disclosed in No. 2000-267803 and the stress sensor disclosed in No. 2004-212047, the detection method for a force in the Z-axial direction is not disclosed. In other words, in No. 2000-267803, four resistors and electrode wires are arranged on the back surface of the substrate, and even though they are connectable as a bridge circuit and can extract an equal output with regard to the stresses in the X, Y and Z-axial directions, the type of bridge circuit configured by the four resistors is not disclosed. Regarding the reference No. 2004-212047, the arrangement of the four resistive elements and conductors on the back surface of the substrate similar to No. 2000-267803 is shown. At the same time, a bridge circuit formed with these four resistive elements is shown. However, while a stress sensor in the X-axial direction and another stress sensor in the Y-axial direction are formed by the bridge circuit, nothing about the stress sensor in the Z-axial direction is disclosed.
In addition, the triaxial force sensors disclosed in Nos. 2004-239621, 2000-267803 and 2004-212047 all have a problem that a disconnection or loose connection easily occurs to a joint of the detection unit, as well. In other words, although it is necessary to attach to the detection unit a lead which is connected to the strain sensitive element and led to the outside, a tension-compression stress often acts on the joint because the strain causing plate where the strain sensitive elements are attached is strained (bent) by an applied force, and a disconnection caused by a fatigue failure can easily occur. Therefore, it is difficult to assure the detection unit reliability.

Triaxial force sensor and triaxial force detection method


A system comprises a plurality of user devices and a conference call bridge connected to the plurality of end user devices via one or more networks. The conference call bridge is configured to connect to a given one of the plurality of user devices, receive a passcode from the given user device, and authenticate the given user device using the passcode. The passcode is personal to the given user.

Conference bridges are utilized to manage conference calls for various businesses, social groups and other entities. A conference bridge allows multiple participants to connect and establish a conference call with one another. Each conference call typically has a moderator and one or more participants. The moderator has access to one or more functions that are not available to other participants of the conference call. For a given conference call, participants must enter a passcode to join the conference call. The moderator may use a different passcode than other participants of a given conference call to access the moderator functions. To transfer from one conference call to another, a participant must disconnect from a first conference call, re-dial the conference bridge and enter a new passcode for a second conference call.

Conference call authentication utilizing passcodes personal to users


In group wireless telecommunication, such as push-to-talk (PTT) calls, a voice communication is broadcast through Internet protocol data packets to other member devices of the PTT group. At least one communication server receives a single communication stream from a communicating wireless device, such as a PTT call, and creates a group communication to all wireless telecommunication devices of the designated group with the broadcast of Internet protocol data packets containing the voice data of the communication stream to one or more wireless telecommunication devices of the receiving group that can receive and handle the packets. Other wireless network infrastructure can be used to assist the communication server in generation and broadcast of the Internet protocol data packets to the receiving wireless telecommunication devices.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to data networks and voice-over-internet protocol (VoIP) data packets. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system and method for efficiently distributing VoIP media to very large and/or geographically dense ad-hoc dispatch calls, such as Push-to-Talk group communications, in a wireless telecommunication network.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a wireless network, the users of wireless communication devices communicate over an air-interface to a central computer. This may be done directly, as in the case of a wireless LAN in an office environment, or it may be done through cellular infrastructure equipment, as in the case of a wireless telephone application. One type of personal communication system is a push-to-talk (PTT) system. A PTT communication connection is typically initiated by a single button-push on the wireless device that activates a half-duplex link between the speaker and each member device of the group and once the button is released, the device can receive incoming PTT transmissions once the button is released. In some arrangements, the PTT speaker will have the "floor" where no other group member can speak while the speaker is speaking. Once the speaker releases the PTT button, any other individual member of the group can engage their PTT button and they will have the floor. A specific PTT group of recipient devices for the communicating wireless device is commonly set up by the carrier and the wireless devices themselves do not allow the modification of the group, i.e. to include or drop individuals from the group, or to purposely direct a communication to be received by any fewer members than the entire group.
The typical PTT call involves two users who are rarely located within the same telecommunication sector such that communication and replication of the communication is propagated easily over the existing telecommunication infrastructure. However, a small but very important fraction of push-to-talk calls involve a larger number of call participants, some of whom may also be located within the same sector; public-safety disaster scenarios are one example. In such scenario, the maintenance of the PTT communications within the group all located on the same telecommunication resource is difficult and inefficient. These systems will use "trunks" of the telephone network and standard channel allocation that devote individual circuits for each call participant, thus limiting system scalability.
In existing "wired" networks, it is known to use a "broadcast" of data over a broadcast channel such that data is sent to all potential receivers and the receiver can determine whether or not the broadcast media applies to it. Applications such as LAN TV, desktop conferencing, corporate broadcasts, and collaborative computing, require data transmission in a "point-to-multipoint" fashion, which is, transmitting data to multiple recipients simultaneously. Such applications would require a tremendous amount of network bandwidth to be effectively implemented using the point-to-point technique. For example, using a traditional point-to-point transmission scheme would require the same information to be transmitted n times, where n represents the number of recipients. The bandwidth required to accomplish such a task would grow in proportion to the number of computers receiving the transmission. Such an approach is infeasible for applications where large data transmissions, such as audio and video, need to be sent to a large number of recipients. To effectively implement the transfer of large quantities of data in a point-to-multipoint network, a broadcast design is used wherein data is broken into packets, each packet addressed to a "broadcast address," rather than addressing multiple copies of each packet to each recipient desiring the information. However, the network must generally send the information packets throughout the entire network so that anyone desiring reception of the information can "listen" to the broadcast address and receive the information. Thus, the raw propagation of broadcasting packets everywhere is a significant use of network resources if only a small group of recipients desire the information.
To overcome this problem, a technique known as Internet Protocol (IP) multicast has been developed for use in wired IP networks. With IP multicasting, applications can send one copy of each data packet and address it to a group of recipients that wish to receive the information generated by an application. This technique addresses data packets to a group of recipients rather than to individual recipients, and it relies on the network to forward the data packets only to "paths" that have a sub-network that needs the information, i.e., a sub-network having at least one recipient desiring the particular IP multicast. One example of a subnetwork is a local broadcast network, such as an Ethernet LAN.
It is known to encapsulate voice data within IP data packets, this method commonly referred to as "VoIP". In common Ethernet wireless networks, such as an IEEE Standard 802.11(b) network, the network allows for wholesale broadcasting of IP packets. However, within the constraints of wireless networks, it would be desirable to limit multicast transmissions to a specific geographic area having at least one receiving user desiring reception because of the disadvantage of flooding the wireless network with packets. Presently, in order to transmit an IP multicast transmission in a wireless network, the transmission must be sent to all end devices, regardless of whether or not the multicast transmission is desired, which burdens all resources of the PTT group whether or not the receiving device is able to receive VoIP packets. Moreover, such efficient broadcasting of VoIP packets would allow a very geographically dense group of PTT devices to communicate despite the limited telecommunication resources. It is thus to such a system and method of efficiently broadcasting voice data packets to the wireless telecommunication devices of a PTT communication group that the present invention is primarily directed.

System and method for distributing VoIP data packets in group communications amoung wireless telecommunication devices


Systems and methods are provided for cross-terminal pushing of applications. For example, installation information of an application corresponding to an application-push event in a browser opened in a first terminal is acquired upon detection of the application-push event being triggered; the first terminal sends a push instruction to a server, the push instruction carrying the installation information of the application; the server sends the installation information of the application to one or more second terminals related to the first terminal; the second terminals send the installation information of the application; and the second terminals install the application based on at least information associated with the installation information of the application.

Certain embodiments of the present invention are directed to computer technology. More particularly, some embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for communication technology. Merely by way of example, some embodiments of the invention have been applied to applications. But it would be recognized that the invention has a much broader range of applicability.
With development of terminal technologies, functionality of a terminal has become increasingly mature and there are more and more terminal-based applications (e.g., apps). It is a common operation of a terminal user to access the Internet via a terminal for downloading and installation of various applications. Many users own a plurality of terminals, including a personal computer (PC), a cell phone and a tablet. Sometimes, a user may want to install a same application on more than one terminal or choose an application in a browser of a terminal to install the application on another terminal.
For instance, a user finds an application in a PC browser and wants to install it on his cell phone. Current approaches include: 1. the user downloads the installation package of the application onto the PC, transmits the installation package to the cell phone via a flash memory, a data cable or Bluetooth and installs the application on the cell phone; 2. the user downloads the installation package of the application onto the PC, transmits the installation package to the cell phone via a same client (e.g., QQ) installed on both the PC and the cell phone and installs the application on the cell phone; or 3. the user installs a client designed for wireless data push on the PC and the cell phone and uses the client installed on the PC to push the application to the same client installed on the cell phone, hence realizing cross-terminal pushing of applications. Although the last approach is faster and more convenient than the first two approaches, the user still needs to install the corresponding client on both the PC and the cell phone for pushing applications, which complicates operations.
Hence it is highly desirable to improve the techniques for pushing applications.

Systems and methods for pushing applications

Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited


This invention discloses a method of forming an uneven structure on a substrate. Cut a plurality of trenches in an order on a surface of a mold through a control system, wherein the plurality of trenches comprise at least one first trench, wherein for any second trench of the at least one first trench, the second trench overlaps with at least one third trench different from the second trench such that the second trench is cut off by the at least one third trench. Use the surface of the mold to emboss a thin film on the substrate to form the uneven structure.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to optical substrates having a structured surface, particularly to optical substrates for brightness enhancement and diffusion, and more particularly to brightness enhancement and diffusion substrates for use in flat panel displays having a planar light source.
2. Description of Related Art
Flat panel display technology is commonly used in television displays, computer displays, and displays in handheld electronics (e.g., cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), digital cameras, tablets, etc.). Liquid crystal display (LCD) is a of flat panel display, which deploys a liquid crystal (LC) module having an array of pixels to render an image.
FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an LCD display. A backlight LCD 10 comprises a liquid crystal (LC) display module 12, a planar light source in the form of a backlight module 14, and a number of optical films interposed between the LC module 12 and the backlight module 14. The LC module 12 comprises liquid crystals sandwiched between two transparent substrates, and control circuitry defining a two-dimensional array of pixels. The backlight module 14 provides planar light distribution, either of the backlit type in which the light source extends over a plane, or of the edge-lit type as shown in FIG. 1, in which a linear light source 16 is provided at an edge of a light guide 18. A reflector 20 is provided to direct light from the linear light source 16 through the edge of the light guide 18 into the light guide 18. The light guide 18 is structured (e.g., with a tapered plate and light reflective and/or scattering surfaces 30 defined on the bottom surface facing away from the LC module 12) to distribute and direct light through the top planar surface facing towards LC module 12. The optical films may include upper and lower diffuser films 22 and 24 that diffuse light from the planar surface of the light guide 18. The optical films further includes upper and lower structured surface, optical substrates 26 and 28, which redistribute the light passing through such that the distribution of the light exiting the films is directed more along the normal to the surface of the films. The optical substrates 26 and 28 are often referred in the art as luminance or brightness enhancement films, light redirecting films, and directional diffusing films. The light entering the LC module 12 through such a combination of optical films is uniform spatially over the planar area of the LC module 12 and has relatively strong normal light intensity.
The main function of brightness enhancement films 26 and 28 is to improve the brightness of overall backlight module. The effect of brightness enhancement films is to increase the amount of light emitted at small angles to the axis of the display by reducing the amount emitted at greater angles. Thus, as one looks at a display at increasing angles with respect to the axis, the perceived brightness will decline. Between 35 and 45 degrees the perceived brightness will decline very rapidly. This effect is known as a sharp cutoff.
In the backlight LCD 10, brightness enhancement films 26 and 28 use longitudinal prismatic structures to direct light along the viewing axes (i.e., normal to the display), which enhances the brightness of the light viewed by the user of the display and which allows the system to use less power to create a desired level of on-axis illumination. The brightness enhancement films 26 and 28 have a light input surface that is smooth or glossy, through which light enters from the backlight module. Heretofore, many LCDs used two brightness enhancement film layers (as in the LCD in FIG. 1) that are rotated about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the films, relative to each other such that the longitudinal peaks/grooves in the respective film layers are at 90 degrees relative to each other, thereby collimating light along two planes orthogonal to the light output surface.
When the glossy bottom surface of the brightness enhancement film 26 above the structured surface of the other brightness enhancement film 28, it has been that the optical interaction between the glossy surface of top brightness enhancement film 26 and the structured surface and/or glossy surface of the lower brightness enhancement film 28 creates undesirable visible artifacts in the display image in the form of interference fringes (i.e., bright and dark repeated patterns) that are in the display image. These bright and dark patterns may also be generated between upper brightness enhancement film 26 and the adjacent surface of the LC module 12 absenting an upper diffuser film 22 (FIG. 1). Undesirable image affecting effects arising from flaws and non-uniformities such as interference fringes, cutoff effects (rainbow), physical defects, flows, stains, can be masked by using an upper diffuser film (e.g., diffuser film 22 above brightness enhancement film 26 in FIG. 1).
There is an increasing need for reducing power consumption, thickness and weight of LCDs, without compromising display quality of the LCDs. Accordingly, there is a need to reduce power consumption, weight and thickness of backlight modules, as well as thicknesses of the various optical films. In this regard, many light directing techniques have been developed to reduce power consumption without compromising display brightness. Some developments are directed to the design of the backlight module (i.e., designing structures of the components of the backlight module 14 in FIG. 1, comprising the light source 16 and reflector 20, and light guide 18, to improve overall light output performance. In addition, other developments are directed to diffuser films 22 and 24, and luminance/brightness enhancement films 26 and 28.
Heretofore, to reduce the overall thickness of the optical films in LCDs, much effort had been directed to reducing the number of the optical films, from four films (e.g., optical films 22, 24, 26 and 28 in FIG. 1) to three films. In this regard, one approach is to keep the low diffuser film 24 and low brightness enhancement film 28 separate structures, but the functions of the top diffuser film 22 and top brightness enhancement film 26 are combined and merged into a single hybrid film structure. three-film type display has been widely adopted in handheld electronic devices and notebooks, where it is particularly desirable to push the envelope to reduce overall of such devices.
Various efforts also have been undertaken to develop hybrid brightness enhancement films. Referring to FIG. 2, U.S. Pat. No. 5,995,288 disclosed a coating layer of particles provided on the underside of the optical substrate, on the opposite side of the substrate with respect to the structured surface on the top side. A glossy surface is no longer present at the underside of the optical substrate. The added particles achieve the effect of scattering light for light diffusion. Referring to FIG. 3, U.S. Pat. No. 5,598,280 disclosed a method to form small projections on the underside of the optical substrate to improve uniformity in luminance by light diffusion. Such diffusion treatments will hide many of the interference fringes, making them invisible to the user. One of the disadvantages of these approaches is that light scattering decreases on-axis gain. Moreover, the hybrid brightness enhancement films are also less effective in directing light within the desirable viewing angle.
Others have explored modifying the structure of prism surface of the structured surface of the optical substrate. For example, referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, U.S. Pat. No. 6,798,574 provides fine protrusions on the prism surface of the structured surface of the optical substrate, which is supposed to spread light in a certain direction with a wider angle.
Accordingly, all the foregoing hybrid brightness enhancement films involve weakened light output directivity. Moreover, the overall brightness or luminance for the foregoing films is significantly reduced. Further, all the above-mentioned hybrid brightness enhancement films involve relatively complex structures requiring higher manufacturing costs.
Because the composite film used in the portable apparatus is thinner, the product has a bad stiffness and some undesired phenomenon (e.g., Newton's ring, wet-out) easily happens. Moreover, people use the portable apparatus in a short-distance manner, and rainbow phenomenon easily affects display quality. Conventionally, the backside of the substrate is designed with high haze to reduce the above optical defects, but brightness also decays.
There remains a need for an optical substrate having a structure that both enhances brightness and provides effective diffusion, and overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art multifunctional optical films.

Optical substrates having light collimating and diffusion structures


An image processing apparatus detects a focus state of obtained LF data, and changes methods for recording the LF data, depending on the focus state. At this time, the image processing apparatus records a reconstructed image generated from the LF data without recording the LF data when the focus state of the LF data is an in-focus state, and records the LF data when the focus state of the LF data is in an out-of-focus state.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to image processing apparatuses, control methods, and recording media, and particularly to an image processing technique involved with an image signal for which a focus state can be changed after image capture.
Description of the Related Art
In recent years, some image sensing apparatuses perform pupil division on light flux which is reflected by a subject before being incident to the apparatus, perform photoelectric conversion on information about rays having different combinations of a pupil-division region to which light is incident and a direction in which light is incident, using an image sensing device, and records the resultant information. The image signal recorded by the apparatus is called light field information, light field (LF) data, etc. The image signal has information about rays having various angles of incidence, and therefore, an image related to an optical image which is incident from a particular direction, an image which is in focus at a particular subject distance, etc., can be generated after image capture (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-021919, U.S. Pat. No. 4,410,804).
When microlenses are used to perform pupil division on incident light flux as described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-021919, an image which can be simply generated from an obtained image signal (hereinafter referred to as LF data) has the same number of pixels as there are microlenses used. On the other hand, the LF data has pixels the number of which is the pupil division number times the number of pixels in a generated image.
Therefore, when a moving image having frames each of which is a multi-pixel image is captured using the above image capture technique, a recording medium is required to have a data capacity which is several times as large as the moving image in order to record a series of LF data for generating the moving image. Therefore, in order to obtain a moving image which allows for adjustment of a focus state, etc., a recording medium is required to have a data capacity which is much larger than when a conventional moving image is recorded, and in addition, it may be difficult to capture a moving image over a long period of time.

Image processing apparatus, control method, and recording medium for processing an image signal for which a focus state can be changed after image capture


A method for generating an image-based test improves diagnostic accuracy by iteratively modifying rule sets governing image and data analysis of coregistered image tiles. Digital images of stained tissue slices are divided into tiles, and tiles from different images are coregistered. First image objects are linked to selected pixels of the tiles. First numerical data is generated by measuring the first objects. Each pixel of a heat map aggregates first numerical data from coregistered tiles. Second objects are linked to selected pixels of the heat map. Measuring the second objects generates second numerical data. The method improves how well second numerical data correlates with clinical data of the patient whose tissue is analyzed by modifying the rule sets used to generate the first and second objects and the first and second numerical data. The test is defined by those rule sets that produce the best correlation with the clinical data.

A method for generating artificial hyperspectral images can be performed by transforming a new problem into an old one that has already been solved. The problem of how to extract valuable information from coregistered tissue slices can be solved by transforming this problem into an image analysis problem that can be performed with existing techniques. The new problem concerns how to correlate local object-based image analysis results from different tissue slices taken from the same tissue of a given patient. The correlated analysis (co-analysis) results in a much higher quality of the medical evaluation than what a "slide-after-slide analysis" could provide.
A method is sought for extracting valuable information from many high resolution images of adjacent tissue slices that reduces the computing resources required to analyze the large amount of information associated with any particular x-y position in coregistered images.

Generating image-based diagnostic tests by optimizing image analysis and data mining of co-registered images


High contrast graphic arts photographic materials exhibiting improved accuracy in image reproduction are comprised of a support, a silver halide emulsion layer having a chloride content of at least 50 mole percent, and a non-electroconductive hydrophilic colloid layer containing both a vinyl polymer and a hydrophilic colloid interposed between the support and the silver halide emulsion layer. A hydrazine nucleating agent is incorporated in or adjacent to the silver halide emulsion layer and the photographic material preferably also contains an amino compound which functions as a booster.

For many years the very high contrast photographic images needed in the graphic arts and printing industries were obtained by developing a `lith` emulsion (usually high in silver chloride content) in a hydroquinone, low sulfite, `lith` developer by the process known as infectious development. However, such low sulfite developers are inherently unstable and are particularly inappropriate for machine processing.
Recently emulsions containing hydrazine nucleating agents have been used and processed in a developer with conventional amounts of sulfite, hydroquinone and possibly metal or a pyrazolidone. Such developers also essentially contain an amine additive as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,269,929. Other developers containing amines are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,668,605 and 4,740,452.
Many hydrazine nucleating agents have been proposed for use in such materials, for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,323,643, 4,278,748, 4,031,127, 4,030,925, 4,323,643 and 5,104,769.
Copending commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. Application Ser. No. 941,083, filed Oct. 13, 1992, "Photographic High Contrast Silver Halide Materials" by Philip J. Coldrick and Julia Pich describes high contrast photographic silver halide materials, comprising a support bearing a layer of a silver halide emulsion comprising at least 50% silver chloride, sensitized with a dye of defined type which contain in or adjacent the emulsion layer a hydrazine nucleating agent and an amine booster, the combination of which is capable of providing high contrast images.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,999,276 describes photographic materials having a hydrophilic electrically-conductive layer between the support and the silver halide layer(s) which may contain a polymer.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,818 describes photographic materials which contain an antihalation hydrophilic colloid underlayer containing a solid particle dye dispersion which may contain polymer. Such materials are limited to those having a total coating weight of hydrophilic colloid on each side of the support of from 0.5 to 3 g/m.sup.2.
During the last ten years, electronic dot-generating scanners for the production of film intermediates for the graphic arts printing process have increased their exposing capabilities, eg by means of sharper beam profiles. This increased accuracy of exposing means calls for an equivalent increase in the accuracy of reproduction obtainable from photographic materials.
It is an object of the present invention to provide such high contrast photographic materials of improved accuracy in image reproduction and, in particular, of scanner-generated dots.

Photographic high-contrast silver halide materials