Embodiments included herein generally relate to measuring a latency of a playback device. For example, a method includes: determining a first latency of a playback device; determining a second latency of the playback device; comparing the second latency to the first latency to determine whether an event occurred at the playback device; and in response to detecting a latency change between the second latency and the first latency indicating the occurrence of the event, adjusting a timing of a data stream provided to the playback device based on the latency change.

In entertainment systems, media content may be distributed to any number of playback devices, such as speakers and/or televisions. In some situations, a user may want to determine a latency of the playback device. However, each individual playback device may incur a distinct latency, such that the user must account for such latency on a device by device basis.
In the drawings, like reference numbers generally indicate identical or similar elements. Additionally, generally, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the drawing in which the reference number first appears.

Using non-audio data embedded in an audio signal


Systems and methods for assembling lightweight RF antenna structures are provided. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a process for forming a lightweight antenna including a process for forming a first feed assembly for the antenna, the process for forming the first feed assembly including providing a flat flexible circuit substrate, providing a formed flexible circuit substrate, applying an adhesive to a plurality of locations on a surface of the flat substrate or the formed substrate, joining the flat substrate and the formed substrate using the adhesive, and heating the joined flat substrate and the formed substrate to bond the substrates.

The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for assembling lightweight RF antenna structures. More specifically, the invention relates to systems and methods for assembling lightweight feed assemblies of an RF antenna structure.
Next generation large area multifunction active arrays for applications such as space and airborne based antennas need to be lighter weight, lower cost and more conformal than what can be achieved with current active array architecture and multilayer active panel array development. These space and airborne antennas can be used for radar and communication systems, including platforms such as micro-satellites and stratospheric airships.
To address the need for lower cost and lightweight antennas, lightweight materials can be used to form antenna component structures. However, such lightweight materials can present new challenges for assembling antenna structures capable of providing sufficient performance in radar and communication systems.


The invention is upon anti-static wrapper; specifically upon a new technology to manufacture anti-static wrapper using new materials which is different from those manufacture by spreading a surfactant or metallic materials. The aim of this invention is to manufacture a new and semi-permanent anti-static wrapper with excellent electric dissipation and adhesion to polymer film by depositing DLC film on polymer film. This invention also supplies the magnetic enhancing ion gun (MEIG) depositing device and high productive Roll-to-Roll device in which DLC film can be deposited on polymer film.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention is upon anti-static wrapper; specifically upon a new technology to manufacture anti-static wrapper using new materials.
2. Description of the Related Art
Anti-static wrapper is used to protect highly electronic components such as semi-conductor from static, and is used as adhesive tape. And, anti-static wrapper is also used to prevent adhesion of pollution material such as dust and to prevent static electricity.
The existing anti-static wrapper employed PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) method using vacuum equipment by depositing aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), indum oxide (In2O3), and tin oxide (SnO) upon normal polymer film using sputter source to manufacture conductivity/static dissipating wrapper.
However, the above PVD method has problems; it has low adhesive strength of metal film deposited with polymer film during the process and/or after the process of manufacturing the wrapper so that metal film may be detached to reduce anti-static function and to contaminate surroundings.
Another method for anti-static wrapper is to adopt a surfactant, which has two methods: one is an external spread type to spread a surfactant upon the surface of polymer resin film; the other is an internal mixing type to mix an anti-static surfactant at a time when making polymer resin film. The former is low cost with fine initial performance, but has relatively low durability for it was spread on the surface of film. And, it also may contaminate other materials contacted during the use.
For internal mixing type, it has better durability with low cost and simple process. Thus it is widely used.
But, while the existing anti-static wrappers all have excellent initial performance, they become lose static dissipating capacity with the passing of certain time for their relatively poor durability.

Anti-static wrapper for electronic component wrapping, coated with nano film and manufacturing method thereof


A system and method for frequency acquisition by a mobile receiver 14 in a cellular communication system. Data for part of a frame 10 is sampled. Synchronization pattern 36 is rotated by a pattern rotator 37 to simulate fixed frequency offsets. The known sync pattern 36 is correlated with the sampled data by correlator 30 for a number of phase advances corresponding to the simulated fixed frequency offsets. The peak outputs 54 and 58 of the correlator 30 for the number of fixed frequency offsets is interpolated by parabolic interpolator 46 to adjust the receivers voltage controlled crystal oscillator 49 to reduce the offset.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to digital communication between two stations; and more particularly to a system and method for frequency acquisition in digital communication systems.
Although the present invention is suitable for use in many types of digital communication systems, it is particularly advantageous in cellular communication systems for determining the frequency offset between a cellsite and the local oscillator of a mobile receiver; and is described in connection therewith.
2. Discussion of Related Art
A cellular communication system is a mobile telephone service wherein radio coverage is divided into cells, each of which may cover an area in the neighborhood of one to two square miles. Each cell is assigned a number of available radio frequencies. The same frequencies or channels used in one area or cell are also used for areas that are spatially separated from one another. A mobile telephone station transmits and receives control and voice communication information to and from a base station, commonly referred to as a cellsite, located within the same cell. The base stations are controlled by a cellular system switching and control network that provides connection with the worldwide telecommunications network.
A call in progress is not interrupted as the mobile station travels from one cell location to another, since the system provides for automatic reassignment to an available time slot of an available channel within the other cell commonly referred to as a handoff.
In order to provide superior non-interfering communication and compatibility among many different base stations and mobile stations in different parts of the world, various operational and material specifications and standards were developed, which all suppliers and users are obliged to follow. For example, a mobile station that operates in the digital mode is required to use an RF band which is divided into two separate twenty-five Mhz wide segments, each consisting of eight hundred thirty-two channels. The first segment contains the mobile station transmit channels, and the second segment contains the mobile station receive channels. Thus, each transmit and receive channel is approximately thirty kilohertz or kilocycles in width.
Each channel has a frame format; that is, each channel radiates a succession of frames, each of which has a duration of forty milliseconds, and constitutes one cycle of a regularly recurring series. Each frame has six time slots, and each slot has one hundred sixty-two data symbols and a duration of 6.67 milliseconds, for example.
The term frequency offset as used herein is the difference between the frequency of the local oscillator in the mobile receiver and the frequency transmitted by the base station of the cell. In order for a demodulator in a digital cellular phone to successfully acquire a signal from a base station, the frequency offset should be less than eight hundred Hz, in that synchronization of the frame requires that the frequency offset be within eight hundred Hz in order for the bit timing to be correct. Any greater offset will result in the call being dropped if there is a transfer to another cell. This frequency offset should be reduced to within plus or minus two hundred Hz(minus the transmit/receive difference of forty-five Mhz). This two hundred Hz offset is also the maximum initial frequency offset which the demodulator automatic frequency control (AFC)loop is able to tolerate.
A frequency offset between a base station and a mobile receiver can occur for several reasons, such as difference in ambient temperature, aging of the components over a period of time, and assignment of a channel by a new base station, for example. Also, in digital to digital communication where two cellsites are at the limit of their tolerance, a handoff from one to the other can appear to be offset by as much as 610 Hz. During analog to digital handoffs, the initial frequency offset may be much larger. For example, the initial frequency in the worst case may be offset by 4500 Hz because of the tolerance of the voltage controlled oscillator.
Therefore, in order to meet the required maximum frequency offset of .+-.200 Hz, it is necessary that the frequency of the mobile station can be varied over a certain range to minimize any frequency offset. The carrier frequency of the receiver is determined by a voltage controlled local oscillator (VCXO) that is tunable over a certain range, such as forty-five hundred Hz. Prior to the present invention, various systems were provided for controlling the voltage of a VCXO to vary the frequency of the radio receiver. Typically, samples of the received waveform were obtained and correlated, with the VCXO being tuned in accordance with the results. If, after tuning, the frequency offset was still excessive, more samples would be taken, and the control voltage of the VCXO again would be varied by a certain amount. This process would be repeated until the offset frequency came within the desired limits.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,644,561, a frequency acquisition routine is described that takes advantage of the period of time during which there is no transmission from the base station. At the expiration of this time the base station transmits an unmodulated carrier signal, which causes the IF mixer of the receiver to output another sine waveform whose frequency is proportional to the difference between the VCXO and the base station frequency. The modem program samples the I,Q channels at certain intervals and determines the phase change for each interval, puts it through a low pass filter and sends it as a correction word to control the VCXO. Frequency acquisition is achieved when the phase change becomes lower than a certain level.
Although suitable for the purposes intended, the methods and systems for frequency acquisition prior to the present invention tended to require costly precision voltage controlled oscillators, and the receipt of multiple frames of data in order to effect proper frequency acquisition.

System and method for minimizing frequency offsets between digital communication stations


A foaming agent charging and mixing device comprises at least one mixing device and one foaming agent metering device, wherein the foaming agent charging and mixing device may be arranged between an plasticating screw and a mold. In order to improve the foaming agent charging and mixing device in a manner that the mixing with foaming agent is facilitated and at the same time a risk of obstruction of the foaming agent metering device is avoided, the foaming agent metering device is alternately opened and closed through the mixing device during operation thereof for supplying foaming agent to the plastic melting.

It is known from one of the basic patents discussing forming of plastics (U.S. Pat. No. 4,473,665 to Martine-Vvednesky et al, issued Sep. 25, 1984) that a solution of supercritical foaming or blowing agent with a plastic melt is desired to produce foamed plastic. In the '665 patent it was suggested to saturate the plastic pellets with the foaming agent in the extruder hopper (at elevated temperature). When the saturated pellets are subsequently melted at the temperatures and pressure of the screw/barrel, the foaming agent is supercritical and mixed with the melt as it is progressed down the screw. The '665 patent preferred this approach because it said direct injection of gas into the melt in the barrel of an extruder is a very difficult task because the gas had to be metered in small quantities and it was difficult to measure the gas which could escape the barrel. Introducing the foaming agent into the hopper is, however, not practical although possible. In spite of the teachings of the '665 patent, it is known to produce foamed plastic by introducing supercritical gas into the barrel of the extruder (see e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,158,986 to Cha et al, issued Oct. 27, 1992). However, that approach in turn has necessitated, as predicted by the '665 patent, the development of various orifice blowing agent metering arrangements such as disclosed in international publication number WO 99/32544, published Jul. 1, 1999, which attempt to include the screw as a wiping element to prevent clogging of the very fine orifices used to meter the supercritical gas. Special valving to prevent backward flow of the foaming agent has to be also provided such as shown in international publication number WO 00/58702. While devices constructed in accordance with the teachings of the references can function, it should be apparent that the devices have to include mechanisms designed to overcome fundamental problems necessitated by introducing foaming agent as a supercritical gas into the melt. In addition, expensive gas forming equipment is required to produce the supercritical gas. Further using the screw to both melt the plastic and mix the supercritical gas with the melt is not especially effective. The mixing rate has to occur at the same rate as that at which the melt is plasticated and while a screw helix which reduced in size is especially conducive to forcing a solid into a melt, that arrangement is not necessarily an optimum mixing arrangement for mixing a solution for the melt and the supercritical blowing agent because of very high shear forces.
It has long been known in the injection molding art to use a shot-pot or accumulator or a piston/cylinder to receive melt from a continuously rotating extruder and the shot-pot is then used to inject the shot into the mold. In fact, this arrangement was replaced by the reciprocating in-line plasticating screw used in today's injection molding machine. It is know e.g. from WO publications WO 98/31521, published Jul. 23, 1998 and WO 00/26005, published May 11, 2000, to use this arrangement to produce plastic parts where the outside of the part is made from non-foamed plastic and the inside of the part made from foamed plastic or vice-versa. In the arrangements illustrated, the shot-pot (or perhaps for one illustration the screw) injects both saturated and unsaturated plastic with a mixed blowing agent and unsaturated plastics. While it is possible for composite foamed/unfoamed plastic to be produced in this manner, it is desirable for control purposes to separately control the injection of each component.

Foaming agent charging and mixing device


Systems, methods, and computer-readable storage media are provided for using service affinity for application placement. A method includes evaluating, using a netflow module within an orchestrator, flows coming in and out of deployed services within a multi-node network to yield an evaluation. Based on the evaluation, the method includes determining an affinity between respective services of the deployed services to yield a traffic matrix and, based on the traffic matrix, at a placement module, determining on which nodes within the multi-node network to place one or more applications. Determining the affinity can be performed at at least a first level and a second level. The first level can include an individual container or virtual machine level and the second level can include a service description level.

Research has been done on application placement based on application affinity such as which applications are collaborating with one another. In most of the prior art, some operator is required to know about collaboration patterns between applications and to encode the collaboration patterns and optimization framework. Realistically, this requirement is problematic as communication patterns may not be known in advance and change over time.

System and method of detecting application affinity using network telemetry


The invention relates to an image carrier for the storage of X-ray information, and includes an electronic memory in which data can be stored. In order to reduce the danger of loss of data it is envisaged that the image carrier comprises a mark that represents at least a part of the data stored in the electronic memory.

Generic image carriers are used, in particular for medical purposes, in the field of computer radiography (CR). For this, X-ray images are recorded in a storage phosphor layer by storing the X-radiation passing through an object, for example a patient, as a latent image in the storage phosphor layer. In order to read the stored X-ray information the storage phosphor layer is illuminated with stimulation light, whereby the layer is excited to emit light, which is captured by an optical detector and converted into electrical signals. The electrical signals may be processed further as necessary and displayed on a monitor or output on a corresponding output device, such as for example a printer. After an erasure procedure, in which any remaining X-ray information is completely eliminated from the storage phosphor layer, the storage phosphor layer is available for recording further X-ray photographs.
Apart from a storage phosphor layer for storing X-ray information, image carriers according to the prior art include for example an integrated electronic circuit with a memory, in which information associated with the image carrier and/or an X-ray photograph can be stored. This information is used in a subsequent processing of the image carrier in a processing device, for example a read-out device for reading out the storage phosphor layer.
When using such image carriers, which on account of their re-writeability in general undergo a large number of radiography cycles, it may increasingly happen that the integrated circuit fails and the data stored therein can no longer be read and are consequently lost. A processing of this image carrier, for which these data are necessary, can then no longer be carried out or can no longer be carried out sufficiently reliably.

Image carrier for storing X-ray information, and a system and method for processing an image carrier


Nanoscale UV absorbing particles are described that have high UV absorption cross sections while being effectively transparent to visible light. These particles can be used to shield individuals from harmful ultraviolet radiation. These particles can also be used in industrial processing especially to produce solid state electronic devices by creating edges of photoresist material with a high aspect ratio. The UV absorbing particles can also be used as photocatalysts that become strong oxidizing agents upon exposure to UV light. Laser pyrolysis provides an efficient method for the production of suitable particles.

While ultraviolet light can be useful in commercial processing, contact with ultraviolet light has a detrimental effect on biological organisms. Harmful ultraviolet light can come from both sun light and from artificial light sources. The risk from exposure to ultraviolet light from natural sun light is increasing in portions of the world due to occasional significant drops in the UV-absorbing ozone layer. Cost effective ways of reducing human exposure to harmful ultraviolet light are desirable.
On the other hand, some commercial processes use UV light as a processing tool. In order to make effective use of UV light in the processing of microscopic components, precise control of the light absorption is advantageous. In addition, photocatalytic materials can catalyze chemical reactions upon exposure to appropriate light. Efficient approaches for utilization of these commercial processes can greatly expand their commercial scope.


A video signal output device which outputs a video signal, including a basic signal group generating circuit for generating a sync signal and a video signal, the video signal indicating display values of pixels at display positions on a display device in intervals of the video signal, the display positions being determined in accordance with time differences between the intervals of the video signal and the sync signal; a signal generating circuit for generating a transmission signal relating to the video signal to be transmitted to the display device; a superposing circuit for superposing the transmission signal on the sync signal to generate a second sync signal; and an output circuit for outputting the second sync signal and the video signal.

The present invention relates to an analog video signal display unit, and, in particular, to a transmission device for analog video signal and method therefor, which serve for high quality display in a liquid crystal display monitor using a liquid crystal panel. Further, the present invention relates to an image display system, in which video signal and sync signal are transmitted from a video signal output device to a display unit, to be displayed there.
In a conventional technique, as the image display system that transmits video signal and sync signal from a video signal output device to a display unit for displaying there, there is known one comprising a graphics card mounted in a computer unit and a liquid crystal display monitor.
FIG. 18 shows a configuration of such a conventional image display system.
In the figure, a reference numeral 24 refers to a liquid crystal display monitor, and 1 to a graphics card mounted in a computer unit.
Here, the graphics card 1 comprises a video memory 3 and a graphics controller 2.
The graphics controller 2 comprises a memory control circuit 5 for controlling read and write of display data from and into the video memory 3, a reference clock generator 4 for generating, from a prescribed system clock 10, a clock 11 which is to be a reference for operation of the graphics controller 2, a sync signal generator 9 for generating, from the clock 11, vertical sync signal 21 and horizontal sync signal 22, and D-A converters 6, 7, 8 for converting the display data read from the video memory 3 to analog video signals being synchronized with the clock 11. In such a configuration, the graphics controller 2 sequentially reads the display data stored in the video memory 3, in synchronization with the vertical sync signal 21 and horizontal sync signal 22. Then, it converts them in the D-A converters 6, 7, 8, and outputs them as the analog video signals 18, 19, 20. On the other hand, the liquid crystal display monitor 24 comprises A-D converters 28, 29, 30 for converting analog video signals 18, 19, 20 to digital video signals 32, 33, 34, a PLL 27 for generating, from the horizontal sync signal 22, a conversion clock 31 for the A-D converters 28, 29, 30, a liquid crystal display controller 25, and a liquid crystal display unit 26.
In such a configuration, sampling is carried out on the analog video signals 18, 19, 20 inputted from the graphics card 1, in synchronization with the conversion clock 31 generated by the PLL 27, to convert them into digital video signals 32, 33, 34. The liquid crystal display controller 25 displays the digital video signals 32, 33, 34 on the liquid crystal display unit 26, synchronizing them with the horizontal sync signal 22 and vertical sync signal 21.
An example of timing for each signal outputted from the graphics card 1 to the liquid crystal display monitor 24 is shown in FIG. 19.
FIG. 19 is a timing chart showing relationship between the horizontal sync signal 22, the video signals 18, 19, 20, and the clock 11. One horizontal interval for the analog video signals (interval for outputting the video signals corresponding to one display line) comprises a display effective interval and a fly-back interval. The analog video signals and horizontal sync signal are synchronized with the clock 11, and, in a case where a display resolution is 1024 dots in the horizontal direction, the display effective interval corresponds to 1024 clocks, and the fly-back interval corresponds to 304 clocks. Thus, one horizontal interval corresponds to 1328 clocks in total.
On the other hand, in the liquid crystal display monitor 24, the PLL 27 generates the conversion clock 31 synchronized in phase with the horizontal sync signal 22. As shown in FIG. 20, this conversion clock 31 is generated as 1328 clocks for a single period of horizontal sync signal 22. The conversion clock 31 is inputted into the A-D converters 28, 29, 30 to convert the analog video signals 18, 19, 20 to the digital video signals 32, 33, 34. Then, the digital video signals 32, 33, 34 are converted by the liquid crystal display controller 25, into liquid crystal display data 35 to be displayed with liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal display unit 26 displays the image.
In the image display system of such configuration as shown in FIG. 18, it is necessary that the clock 11 generated by the reference clock generator 4 of the graphics card 1 and the conversion clock 31 generated by the PLL 27 of the liquid crystal display monitor 24 coincide to some extent with each other in their phases. When the phases of both clocks deviate largely from each other in their phases, it becomes impossible that the video signals 18, 19, 20 which are made to be analog in the D-A converters 6, 7, 8 being synchronized with the clock 11 are correctly converted in the A-D converters 28, 29, 30 in synchronization with the conversion clock 31. In other words, as shown in FIG. 21C, in A-D conversion, the video signals 18, 19, 20 should be properly converted at a flat portion of their signal waveform AD. However, when phase difference xcex4 between both clocks becomes larger, A-D conversion of the video signals 18, 19, 20 are carried out at a portion deviated from the flat portion of the signal waveform, as shown in FIG. 21D. This results in A-D conversion error, which then produces flicker of the display.
However, as the resolution of the liquid crystal display monitor 24 becomes higher, or, in other words, as the frequencies of the clock 11 and conversion clock 31 become higher, it becomes more difficult to make the phases of both clocks coincide with each other owing to problems related to the precision of the clock 11.
Namely, it is inevitable anyway that the period of the clock 11 generated by the reference clock generator 4 varies very slightly for each period, owing to effects of noises from other digital circuits and owing to problems related to the performance etc. On the other hand, the PLL 27 of the liquid crystal display monitor 24 generates the conversion clock 31 as a clock synchronized in phase with the horizontal sync signal 22, whose period is a single horizontal interval. Even if the PLL 27 is ideal one, it is impossible to make the phase of the conversion clock 31 follow up the clock 11 in its phase fluctuation in a single horizontal interval.
For that reason, the phase difference xcex4 between the clock 11 and the conversion clock 31 varies within a single horizontal interval as shown in FIG. 21B. When the liquid crystal display monitor 24 has high resolution, the phase difference xcex4 determined relatively as deviation between clock periods becomes large. This produces flicker of the display owing to the above-described A-D conversion error.
On the other hand, when the graphics card 1 transmits the clock 11 to the liquid crystal display monitor 24, and the liquid crystal display monitor 24 uses it as the conversion clock 31, it is possible to prevent occurrence of such phase difference xcex4. In that case, however, in addition to transmission lines for transmitting the video signals 18, 19, 20 and the sync signals, another transmission line for transmitting the clock is required.
Further, in the conventional image display system, for transmitting audio signal and various setting information for the display unit from the video signal output device to the display unit, respective dedicated transmission lines are required. Thus, there has been such a problem that the number of transmission lines connecting both devices increases, and it brings complexity, also.
Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide an image display system that can transmit various signals from a video signal output device to a display unit without requiring a dedicated transmission line. Further object of the present invention is to reduce A-D conversion error in a display unit by utilizing such-transmitted signals, and to suppress flicker of the display.
The above objects can be attained by providing an analog video signal display apparatus, comprising:
a computer unit for sending an analog video signal, a vertical sync signal and a horizontal sync signal synchronized with the video signal; and
an image display device for displaying an image from the video signal, the vertical sync signal, and the horizontal sync signal, wherein:
the computer unit comprises a horizontal dividing signal synthesizing circuit for generating a horizontal dividing signal obtained by dividing one period of the horizontal sync signal into equal parts, and for sending a horizontal dividing sync signal obtained by superposing the horizontal dividing signal on the horizontal sync signal;
the image display device comprises an analog/digital conversion circuit for converting the analog video signal to a digital video signal, a sync signal isolating circuit for reproducing and isolating the horizontal sync signal and the horizontal dividing signal from the horizontal dividing sync signal, to be used for displaying the image, a conversion clock generating circuit for generating a conversion clock for the analog/digital conversion circuit from the horizontal dividing sync signal, and an image display unit for displaying the digital video signal.
Further, to attain the above objects, the present invention provides an image display system, comprising:
a video signal output device for outputting a video signal; and
an image display device for receiving and displaying the video signal, wherein:
the video signal output device comprises:
a basic signal group generating means for generating a sync signal, and the video signal that indicates display values of pixels at positions decided in each interval by time difference between the interval and the sync signal;
a signal generating means for generating a prescribed transmission signal to be transmitted to the display device, other than a horizontal sync signal or a vertical sync signal;
a superposing means for superposing the transmission signal on the sync signal to generate a second sync signal; and
an output means for outputting the second sync signal and the video signal to the display device, wherein:
the image display device comprises:
an isolating means for isolating, from the second sync signal to be inputted, the transmission signal and the sync signal superposed in the second sync signal;
a processing means for processing the isolated transmission signal; and
a display means for displaying the display values indicated in each interval by the inputted video signal, the display values being displayed at pixels at positions decided by time difference between the interval and the isolated sync signal.
According to thus-described video signal display system, it is possible to transmit a variety of signals from the video signal output device to the display device using the same transmission lines which transmit the sync signals.
Further, the present invention have the following construction.
Namely, in thus-described video signal display system, wherein:
the video signal is an analog video signal;
the signal generating means of the video signal output device generates, as the transmission signal, a periodic signal synchronized with a period for switching pixels whose display values are expressed by the analog video signal, the periodic signal having a shorter period than a horizontal period, i.e., a period for switching a display line to which the pixels whose display values are expressed by the analog video signal belongs; and
the processing means of the image display device comprises a conversion clock generating means for generating a conversion clock signal synchronized with the isolated periodic signal, and a conversion means for converting the inputted analog video signal to a digital video signal being synchronized with the conversion clock signal.
Further, the present invention provides thus-described image display system, wherein:
the video signal is an analog video signal;
the signal generating means of the video signal output device generates, as the transmission signal, a periodic signal synchronized with a period for switching pixels whose values are expressed by the analog video signal, the periodic signal having the same period as the period; and
the processing means of the image display device comprises a conversion means for converting the inputted analog video signal to a digital video signal, being synchronized with the isolated periodic signal.
According to thus-described image display systems, the same transmission line is used for transmitting the sync signal and for transmitting a periodic signal synchronized with a period for switching pixels whose display values are expressed by the analog video signal, the periodic signal having a shorter period than a horizontal period, i.e., a period of the horizontal sync signal. In the display device, the conversion clock synchronized with this periodic signal is used for A-D conversion of the analog video signal. Accordingly, in the display device, it is possible to suppress the phase difference between the conversion clock and the period for switching the pixels whose display values are expressed by the analog video signal, making the phase difference smaller in comparison with the case that the conversion clock synchronized with the horizontal sync signal is used. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce A-D conversion error and to prevent flicker of display.
It is noted that this application is based on applications No. 10-140837 and No. 10-330901 filed in Japan, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Hitachi Video and Information Systems, Inc.


A razor is provided with a blade member 3 having a base and a blade body 4 on the base, a blade base member 5 arranged on the bottom side of the razor head 2, and a top member 6 arranged on the top side of the razor head 2. The blade member 3 is fitted between the blade base member 5 and the top member 6. The base is supported on the blade base member 5. A cutting edge 4a of the blade body 4 is exposed at the top member 6. The base is elastically supported by the leaf spring so as to move integrally against a pressing force from the skin surface when the blade body is caused to contact the skin surface. A contact pressure of the blade body 4 on the skin surface is restricted, thereby improving the shaving performance. Further, since a single-component blade member 3 having the blade body 4 on the base is fitted between the blade base member 5 and the top member 6, this simplifies the structure for elastically supporting the blade body 4 and allowing the blade body 4 to move.

As disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2963824, a movable blade-body type safety razor is provided with a frame body made up of a front guard, a pair of side frame portions, and a back frame portion on a blade base. Inside the frame body, arranged are a plurality of elastic arms and a plurality of blade-body placing portions connected thereto. Of these blade-body placing portions, a front blade body is arranged on a blade-body placing portion on the front side, whereas a back blade body is arranged on a blade-body placing portion on the back side. Both blade bodies are arranged inside the frame body and also held between a holding portion disposed on a top plate and the blade-body placing portions. Therefore, both blade bodies are elastically supported on the blade base so as to be movable together with the top plate and each of the blade-body placing portions and also by each of the elastic arms.
In the structure for supporting the blade body disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2963824, each of the blade bodies is held between each of blade-body placing portions connected to each of elastic arms and a holding portion of the top plate inside a frame body. It is, therefore, troublesome to form each of the elastic arms and each of the blade body placing portions. Also, there is another problem of making the razor complicated in structure due to a mechanism for allowing the top plate to move together with the blade body. Further, according to the above structure, the blade body is elastically supported so as to be movable against a frictional force developed on movement of the razor head along the skin surface. However, there is a problem that the blade body does not move only by causing the blade body to contact the skin surface, thus resulting in a poor shaving performance.


The present invention provides an automated meter station monitoring system for a fluid comprising a processor having algorithms for verifying performance of a fluid flow measurement system. A pressure sensor is operatively connected to the processor to measure the pressure of the fluid. A temperature sensor is operatively connected to the processor to measure the temperature of the fluid. A gas chromatograph is operatively connected to the processor to monitor changes in gas composition and chromatograph response factors of the fluid. An ultrasonic meter is operatively connected to the processor to monitor the velocity of the fluid, speed of sound of the fluid, and meter diagnostics. A flow computer is operatively connected to the processor to record pressure of the fluid, record temperature of the fluid, record gas composition of the fluid, calculate compressibility ratio of the fluid, calculate standard flow rate of the fluid, and calculate energy rate of the fluid.

A fluid flow process includes any process that involves the flow of fluid through pipes, ducts, or other conduits, as well as through fluid control devices such as pumps, valves, orifices, heat exchangers, and the like. Flow processes are found in many different industries such as the oil and gas industry, refining, food and beverage industry, chemical and petrochemical industry, pulp and paper industry, power generation, pharmaceutical industry, and water and wastewater treatment industry. The fluid within the flow process may be a single phase fluid (e.g., gas, liquid or liquid/liquid mixture) and/or a multi-phase mixture (e.g., paper and pulp slurries or other solid/liquid mixtures). The multi-phase mixture may be a two-phase liquid/gas mixture, a solid/gas mixture or a solid/liquid mixture, gas entrained liquid or a three-phase mixture.
Various sensing technologies exist for measuring various physical parameters of single and/or multiphase fluids in an industrial flow process. Such physical parameters include, for example, volumetric flow rate, composition, consistency, density, and mass flow rate.
It is an object of the present invention is to provide an automated meter station monitoring system for a fluid comprising: a processor having algorithms for verifying performance of a fluid flow measurement system; a pressure sensor operatively connected to said processor, said pressure sensor measuring the pressure of the fluid; a temperature sensor operatively connected to said processor, said temperature sensor measuring the temperature of the fluid; a gas chromatograph operatively connected to said processor, said gas chromatograph monitoring changes in gas composition and chromatograph response factors of the fluid; an ultrasonic meter operatively connected to said processor, said ultrasonic meter monitoring velocity of the fluid, speed of sound of the fluid, and meter diagnostics; and a flow computer operatively connected to said processor, said flow computer recording pressure of the fluid, recording temperature of the fluid, recording gas composition of the fluid, calculating compressibility ratio of the fluid, calculating standard flow rate of the fluid, and calculating energy rate of the fluid.
It is a another object of the present invention is to provide a method for automated monitoring of a fluid comprising: providing a processor having algorithms for verifying the performance of a fluid flow measurement system; providing a pressure sensor operatively connected to said processor, said pressure sensor measuring the pressure of the fluid; providing a temperature sensor operatively connected to said processor, said temperature sensor measuring the temperature of the fluid; providing a gas chromatograph operatively connected to said processor, said gas chromatograph monitoring changes in gas composition and chromatograph response factors of the fluid; providing an ultrasonic meter operatively connected to said processor, said ultrasonic meter monitoring velocity, speed of sound of the fluid, and meter diagnostics; and providing a flow computer operatively connected to said processor, said flow computer recording pressure of the fluid, recoding temperature of the fluid, and recording gas composition of the fluid; calculating compressibility ratio of the fluid through said flow computer; calculating standard flow rate of the fluid through said flow computer; and calculating energy rate of the fluid through said flow computer.
The foregoing has outlined some of the pertinent objects of the present invention. These objects should be construed to be merely illustrative of some of the more prominent features and applications of the intended invention. Many other beneficial results can be attained by applying the disclosed invention in a different manner or modifying the invention within the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other objects and a fuller understanding of the invention may be had by referring to the summary of the invention and the detailed description of the preferred embodiment in addition to the scope of the invention defined by the claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Ultrasonic meter flow measurement monitoring system

Western Energy Support and Technology, Inc.


A program editing apparatus includes a user interface control unit, a JSP analysis unit, and a split execution unit. The user interface control unit accepts an input of a split object instruction which specifies a portion to be split off from a JSP file to be processed. The JSP analysis unit determines an accompanying split portion which is split off together with the portion specified by the split object instruction. The split execution unit splits off the portion specified by the split object instruction and the accompanying split portion from the original JSP file. The JSP analysis unit analyzes dependence of variables and objects in the JSP file and splits off a copyable portion by copying. Thus, a program file after split is ensured to operate the same as the program file to be processed.

Under an environment where a World Wide Web (hereinafter, referred to as a web) technology utilized in the Internet and the like is used, various services can be provided as functions of web pages by transmitting HTML files (web pages) from a web server (hereinafter, simply referred to as a server) to a web client (hereinafter, simply referred to as a client). Today, for the purposes such as to meticulously meet the demands of individual users, the web pages are dynamically created in the server in accordance with access conditions from the client (user, temporal conditions, and the like).
As mechanisms of dynamically creating the web pages, there are Java Sever Pages (JSP) utilized under an execution environment of Java (trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc., US), Active Server Pages (ASP) utilized in Internet Information Service (IIS, trademark of Microsoft Corporation, US), and the like. These mechanisms are application logics which can mixedly describe text data, scripts on a server side, and accesses to objects encapsulating logics and are converted into execution programs of the server side. In the server, each of the mechanisms implements processing that a script is executed in response to a request from the client and a portion of the script is replaced with an execution result, which is then returned to the client.
Meanwhile, the mechanism of dynamically creating the web pages can be efficiently utilized by splitting the above-described application logic. Details thereof will be provided below.
In the web page dynamically created in the server, some portions are frequently changed, and some portions are changed less frequency. When the created web page is cached, the cached web page becomes invalid in accordance with the portion changed with high frequency. Therefore, a cache effect is lowered. To overcome this, it is considered that the application logic is split in accordance with the frequency of the changes in each portion and fragments of the web page created by the individual split application logics are separately cached. Thus, even if there is a frequently changed portion, the changes therein can be handled by updating only the fragments of the frequently changed portion. Accordingly, it is unnecessary to make the cache of the entire web page invalid, thereby achieving the higher cache efficiency.
Moreover, in servers having function to perform the operation of web page creation on the plurality of servers and to improve an execution performance by load sharing, when the application logic is appropriately split and executed, load can be reduced and the operation can be efficiently performed.
Furthermore, when shareable portions are extracted from the application logic and used in another application logic, the application logics can be efficiently developed.
In order to obtain the foregoing effects, the application logic has been manually split by developers of the application logic or the like. Moreover, there are some existing technologies available for splitting the application logic such as program slicing (see non-patent literature 1, for example), web application slicing (see non-patent literature 2, for example), and method extraction (see non-patent literature 3, for example).
(Non-patent Literature 1)
Mark Weiser "Program Slicing" IEEE Trans. Software Engineering, July 1984 p. 352-357.
(Non-patent Literature 2)
F. Ricca and P. Tonella "Web Application Slicing" In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance 2001.
(Non-patent Literature 3)
K. Maruyama "Automated Method-Extraction Refactoring by Using Block-Based Slicing" In Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Software reusability.
As previously described, the mechanism of creating the web page can be efficiently utilized by splitting the application logic, such as JSP or ASP, for dynamically creating the web page. However, the split operation of the application logic has been manually performed by the developers of the application logic or the like, thus requiring a lot of labor.
Some existing tools are available for the split operation of the application logic, but inadequate for splitting the application logic by only mechanical operations.
For example, in the technology called program slicing, sentences that affect a predetermined sentence in a program are detected based on data dependence and control dependence within the program, and a program slice (partial program) is mechanically created. This technology analyzes the data dependence and the control dependence and obtains a set of sentences, each including the dependence, as a program slice. This technology is very useful for debugging or operating the program.
However, only the program slice created by the program slicing can be correctly executed, but it is not taken into consideration of correctly executing a portion remaining after the program slice is cut away. Accordingly, when the program slicing is applied to split off the aforementioned application logic such as JSP, a fragment remaining after a predetermined fragment is cut away from the original web page may not be executed as it is. The remaining fragment therefore needs to be manually checked and modified.
The technology called web application slicing analyzes dependence amongst a plurality of pages containing text data and scripts of the server side in a web application and extracts scripts related to a predetermined portion. This technology has the same problem as the program slicing has, although the technology analyzes the transitions among web pages in addition to the data and the control dependencies.
Similarly to the program slicing, this technology was not made under the assumption that the split web applications are separately executed and results thereof are merged. Accordingly, the application logic such as JSP cannot be automatically split into a properly executable form, thus requiring manual modification.
In the technology called method extraction, a predetermined portion in a program is extracted as a method, and reusability is increased.
However, in method calling of a normal program, arguments in arbitrary data types can be passed, and return values in arbitrary data types can be returned. Therefore, data dependence may exist between a portion which is extracted and cut away and a remaining portion. On the contrary, in the case of splitting the application logic such as JSP, it is not allowed to pass the arguments in arbitrary data types. Accordingly, this method extraction cannot be applied to the split of the application logic as its own. As a countermeasure, a technique is considered that an argument is once converted into a character string and the converted argument is inversely converted back to the original data by a receiver. However, this technique involves significant execution overhead and therefore it is not realistic.

Program editing apparatus, program editing method, and program for splitting a program file

International Business Machines Corporation


An electrically actuated flow control device for use with an electrical household appliance includes a single body defining first and second flow passages. Inlet ends of the flow passages connect to pressurized sources of hot and cold water, and outlet ends of the flow passages connect to hoses for delivery of hot and cold water to the appliance. Hot and cold water actuators are each adapted to move between a first position resisting flow through the flow passages and a second position permitting flow through the flow passages. A sensor detects whether current is being drawn by the appliance, and a controller controls the positions of the actuators dependant upon whether current is being drawn. The inlet ends of the flow passage each include a connector arranged at a desired spacing from each other corresponding to the connector spacing in a mechanical flow control device.

This invention relates to automatic water shut-off valves for use with electric appliances.
Water flow automatic shut-off valve devices, e.g., for use with electric appliances such as clothes washers and dish washers, are employed to limit water damage due to ruptured hot water or cold water pressurized hoses when the appliance is not in operation.
Typically, a manually operated valve is provided for water shut off when the appliance is not in use. Also, Livingston U.S. Pat. No. 3,446,006 describes a device for monitoring electrical current flow to an appliance to automatically open separate valves placed between each of the flexible water supply hoses of an automatic clothes washer and the faucets to which they are connected when the appliance is actuated.

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A taping tool apparatus having an elongated hammer portion that has a central axis and a striker portion, the striker portion having a striking plane perpendicular to the hammer portion central axis; a blade affixed to the hammer portion so that no part of the blade crosses the striker portion striking plane; and a handle affixed to the elongated hammer portion perpendicular to the central axis, whereby a user applying mud to fill indents in drywall with the taping tool can rotate the apparatus a quarter turn to hammer down any raised nails encountered without the blade striking the drywall.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention generally relates to hand tools used in building construction.
2. Description of the Related Art
In drywall installation used in building construction, the drywall must be nailed to its supporting structure to secure the drywall in place. Nails are driven with a hammer deeper than flush with the surrounding surface thereby producing nail indents in the drywall. Then a joint compound, often called "mud," is spread over the nail indents with a taping knife to cover them. Using the taping knife to wipe the wet mud across the nail indents also makes the now covered nail indents flat with the surround surface of the drywall. The procedure requires two different tools—a hammer and a taping knife.
When working on a section of drywall, the installer generally must use the two tools in sequence and have them ready at each work site. The work is manual labor intensive and does not lend itself to automation. It is especially strenuous work because the installer must perform many movements with his or her arms extended.
One can use industrial engineering techniques to measure the work involved by separating the different tasks. In the prior art the tasks are:
1. Locate hammer.
2. Lift hammer to nail location.
3. Pound in nail with hammer.
4. Put down hammer.
5. Locate taping knife.
6. Lift taping knife to nail location.
7. Apply mud with taping knife.
8. Put down taping knife.
Others have tried to better this process. Two examples are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,620,369 by Gerken and U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2008/0047074 A1 by Rosso et al. These references disclose a taping knife with an integral hammer. In both references, the striking surface is at the end of the handle opposite the blade. They improve the prior art by reducing the amount of work involved. The analysis is as follows:
1. Locate knife/hammer.
2. Lift knife/hammer to nail location.
3. Pound in nail with hammer.
4. Turn knife/hammer around using both hands.
5. Apply mud with knife.
6. Put down taping knife/hammer.
Although there are fewer work tasks, these references have some disadvantages. First, the hammer must be swung like a club at the nail using the lightest end of the tool. This is inefficient and uncomfortable. Another way to use them is to jab the nail with the butt end of the handle like a dagger. The user's hand surrounds the handle. Therefore, if the user misses the nail, the nail will injure the user's hand. In both references, the user must rotate the tool end over end to use the opposite side. Using both hands can be dangerous if one is working on a ladder or scaffold, and requires coordinated work with both hands instead of one.
What is needed, therefore, is a taping knife with a hammer that positions the hammer striking portion perpendicular to the handle and aligned with the heaviest part of the tool.


A touch display device including a touch module, a display module, a tape, and an optical clear resin is provided. The display module has a polarizer. The tape is installed between the touch module and the display module, wherein a thickness of the tape is larger than a thickness of the polarizer. The tape surrounds a margin of the display module to form an accommodating space with the polarizer. The optical clear resin is disposed in the accommodating space. The touch module and the display module are adhered to each other by the optical clear resin.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a touch display device, and more particularly, to a touch display device connecting a touch module with a display module by an optical clear resin (OCR).
2. Description of Related Art
Recently, various electronic devices have adopted touch panels instead of conventional keyboards or mice as their input devices. A user can read or input data simply by touching a display screen of such electronic device with their finger.
A connection between the touch panel and the display screen may be achieved by a ring-shaped double-sided tape or an optical clear resin. However, the ring-shaped double-sided tape easily causes a gap between the touch panel and the display screen. Consequently, a light transmittance of a light beam through the gap is reduced, leading to occurrence of ghost images in the electronic device and a lowered quality. Therefore, the optical clear resin increasingly replaces the double-sided tape for connecting the touch panel with the display screen, so that the connection between the touch panel and the display screen achieves full lamination. Generally, the optical clear resin is classified into optical clear adhesive (OCA) in a film shape and the optical clear resin in a liquid state (i.e. OCR).
Regarding the OCR, for example, after the OCR is coated on the touch panel or the display screen, the touch panel and the display screen are adhered to each other, and then the OCR is cured by ultraviolet light irradiated thereon, so that the touch panel and the display screen are connected together. However, during the adhesion process of the touch panel and the display screen, the OCR overflows outside, causing a waste of material, an increase in assembly time, and further, an increase in production cost of the electronic device.
In Taiwan patent application publication Nos. 201040619, 201042319, 201205156, 201205149 and 201107821, Taiwan patent No. 1356087 and 1358143, and Japan patent application publication No. H10-254380, it is disclosed the connection between the touch panel and the display screen by the OCR.

Touch display device having optical clear resin


A digital level shifter adapted to shift an input signal from switching in a low voltage range, to an output switching in a high voltage range has a glitch generator configured to generate pulses at rising and falling transitions of the input signal. Glitch generator output triggers a multiple-level current source to a high current mode, operating in a low current mode at other times. The current source feeds a differential pair of high voltage transistors with a first transistor of the pair having a gate coupled to the input signal and a second transistor of the pair having a gate coupled to a complement of the input signal. An active load and buffer circuit receives current from the differential pair and drives the output accordingly.

It is often necessary to shift the voltage range of a signal from a low voltage range, such as a logic level of 0 to 1.1 volts, as often used in the core of processor integrated circuits, or 0 to 3.3 volts, as often used in the periphery of processor integrated circuits, to a higher voltage range. For example, a higher voltage range of 0 to 5 volts is commonly used in digital integrated circuits and these circuits may have low voltage cores. Mixed-signal integrated circuits, such as an integrated circuit for use in power handling and display driving circuitry, often must handle high voltages while often requiring considerable low voltage logic circuitry. Examples of mixed-signal circuits include microprocessor-controlled buck-type MPPT charge-controllers used to regulate solar panels, where charging a 24-volt battery may require switching peak 40-volt panel outputs; and serial-network interfaced, reversible, door-mounted, window-or-lock motor controller circuits in automobiles may also be subjected to surge voltages rising well above nominal 12-volt motor supply voltages. These are just examples, many thousands of applications exist for integrated circuits that control, switch, or sense voltages higher than their logic core voltages throughout the electronics industry; even where high currents are handled in separate discrete transistors it can be desirable for controlling integrated circuits to provide high-voltage output signals instead of requiring predrivers built of discrete components.
Switching or sensing high voltages typically requires the use of one or more high-voltage transistors in a logic level-shifter circuit integrated on the integrated circuit.
High voltage transistors integrated on conventional CMOS processes often require greater area than required for low voltage transistors on the same process. This is partly a consequence of greater source-drain channel-lengths being required at diffusions to avoid source-drain punchthrough at high voltage, relative to channel lengths required for low voltage transistors. It is also a consequence of space required for process and layout techniques required to overcome other effects including channel formation under interconnect metallization. Additional space may also be required for guardrings and similar structures intended to prevent latchup.
Gate-to-source voltage (VGS) may be limited to a maximum (VGSmax), a process-dependent value between 5 v and 20 v in some CMOS integrated-circuit processes, because exceeding this value could cause irreversible breakdown of thin gate oxides as well as punchthrough currents. Limited VGSmax restricts circuitry design in level shifters. Some process techniques exist for providing high-voltage transistors with greater VGSmax, although use of these techniques comes at a cost of increased area and decreased source-drain current per unit area, often requiring greater die area for such high-voltage transistors.

CMOS level shifter with reduced high voltage transistor count


A seat belt system for a vehicle may include a tongue configured to slidably engage a seat belt; a retractor coupled to a portion of the vehicle, the retractor configured to receive the seat belt; and a height adjuster. The height adjuster may include a guide webbing configured to be secured to a portion of the vehicle; a frame supporting a locking mechanism; and a supporting surface to support the seat belt as the seat belt changes direction. The position of the frame relative to the guide webbing is adjustable. The locking mechanism is configured to lock the frame in a position relative to the guide webbing by clamping the guide webbing without input from the user and stays in position during a crash.

The present application relates to the technical field of seat belt height adjusters, which attach to a motor vehicle such as an automobile or the like, used in a seat belt system for allowing proper placement of the seat belt across an occupant's body and for remaining stationary during a sudden acceleration or deceleration of a vehicle.
Seat belt systems for vehicles generally restrain an occupant with a lap belt and a shoulder belt formed from a flexible webbing. Seat belt systems for vehicles may include an adjustable design that allows the angle of the shoulder belt to be altered. Proper placement of the webbing across the occupant's body is important to maximize the effectiveness of the seat belt.
Some products use a moveable clip to allow for infinitely adjustable contact points between the shoulder belt and the occupant. However, such clips do not provide adequate locking features to address the slippage of the point proximate to the shoulder of the occupant under crash loads. The slippage allows the guide webbing to shift and may therefore allow greater upper torso and head movement of the occupant during a sudden change in acceleration of the vehicle.
Seat belt systems generally include a moveable D-ring or automatic turning loop. The D-ring is mounted to the side of the vehicle and provides an upper pivot point for the shoulder belt. In some seat belt systems, the D-ring moves along a metal track attached to the vehicle frame. Such adjustable systems may be relatively expensive to install and generally require a button or lever that must be activated to adjust the height of the D-ring.


A piston for a hydraulic brake configured as a bowl, open on one side, with a longitudinal axis, a wall and a bottom, and is delimited on an open end face by a rim with an axial abutment surface which is movable into abutment on a brake pad. The bottom has an essentially plane outside surface, a wall thickness of the bottom is thicker than a minimum wall thickness of the wall, and at a transition area between bottom and wall, a wall thickness of the wall is continuously increasing towards the bottom, thus, the wall passing over into the bottom in a slope. Furthermore, a method including forming a disc-shaped round blank into a bowl-type hollow cylinder, and upsetting the hollow cylinder in its longitudinal axis so that the bottom material is thickened due to the upsetting operation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a piston for a hydraulic brake, which is manufactured in forming processes from a metallic base material, in particular from plane sheet metal, and is configured as a bowl, open on one side, with a longitudinal axis, a wall and a bottom, and is delimited on an open end face by a rim with an axial abutment surface which is movable into abutment on a brake pad.
2. Description of the Related Art
WO 01/02745 A1 discloses a piston of this type. The piston is a cold-worked piston which is preferably made in a deepdrawing process. Compared to cast pistons, the above piston is comparatively thin-walled, and the base material, the wall and the bottom have the same thin wall thickness. In order to prevent the bottom from deforming when pressurized pressure fluid is applied to it, it has a convex curvature with regard to a piston outside surface, with the result that the stress causes compressive strain in the bottom. Due to this stabilizing constructive design of the bottom, a large clearance volume develops between piston and an associated brake cylinder. Furthermore, the forces that act on the bottom are transmitted into the wall of the piston, and increased stress is produced in a transition area between bottom and wall. To compensate the stress, the material is folded several times at this point. It proves being advantageous in this respect that the folding of the material is particularly complicated in terms of the configuration and cost-intensive, especially as regards the manufacturing tool.
EP 1 414 613 B1 discloses a method of manufacturing a piston for a hydraulic brake comprising the following steps: punching out a disc-shaped round blank from a base material of defined thickness, especially a piece of sheet metal, forming the blank into a bowl-type hollow cylinder by means of a press die and a stamp, and compression molding of the bowl-type hollow cylinder for forming the bottom with a defined wall thickness and a cylindrical wall with a defined wall thickness. As a result of the forming process executed, the wall thickness of the piston is greatly reduced compared to the base material, in particular in the transition of bottom and wall. To achieve a sufficient rate of piston wall thickness, i.e. stability and rigidity, it is required to choose a comparatively thick base material, with higher manufacturing costs being hereby incurred.

Piston for a hydraulic brake and method for production thereof


An exercise mechanism includes a pair of foot pedals pivotally coupled to a base, a post extended upward from the base, a pair of brackets fixed to the post, and a support secured to the brackets, the support is inclined relative to the post for supporting the upper portion of the users. Two or four wheels are attached to the base such that the base can be easily moved.

(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an exercise mechanism, and more particularly to an exercise mechanism with which the users may feel more comfortable.
(b) Description of the Prior Art
A typical exercise mechanism is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and includes a pair of foot pedals 11 pivotally coupled to the base 12 and a handle 10 disposed above the base 12. However, in such an exercise mechanism, the location of the handle 10 is very low such that the upper part of the users can not be supported by the handle. In addition, the base 12 can not be moved easily.
The present invention has arisen to mitigate and/or obviate the afore-described disadvantages of the conventional exercise mechanisms.


Provided are a method of enhancing radiation sensitivity by using miR-499b-5p and a method of treating a radiation resistant cancer including administering miR-499b-5p.

Breast cancer and lung cancer, both being solid tumors, have been considered as major causes of cancer deaths regardless of multimodality therapies therefor. Radiation therapy is a general therapeutic method performed on a solid tumor patient. Solid tumor patients account for about 40% to 60% of cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. However, solid tumors have been known to show radioresistance which reduces the killing of cancer cells by radiation therapy. Accordingly, for effective cancer treatment, there is a need for the development of a radiosensitizer that can enhance cancer cell killing by irradiation.
An miRNA (microRNA) is a very small single stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) consisting of about 21 to 23 nucleotides, found in cells. About a few hundred miRNAs are known to be present in humans, and to be involved in biological phenomena such as development, growth, aging and death via regulation of gene expression. Due to the distinctive expression patterns of miRNA in normal tissues and cancer tissues, the utility of miRNA as a predictive biomarker has been noted. In particular, miR-21 has been known to mediate the pathophysiological mechanism of tumor development by playing a critical role in proliferation, invasion and metastasis of a tumor by targeting a tumor suppressor gene.
Ionizing radiation (IR) eventually leads to deoxribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in cells, thereby causing cell death. A double strand break (DSB) due to IR induces DNA damage response (DDR) signal transduction, which is known to determine cell cycle arrest for DNA repair or apoptosis due to excessive DNA damage. miRNAs which target major genes involved in the DDR signal transduction have been already reported, and thus miRNAs' new roles in the radiation induced DDR signal transduction are of great concern. With new human miRNAs being continuously discovered, there has been an increasing need for the development of a therapeutic agent that is capable of enhancing radiation sensitivity while minimizing any adverse effect, thereby providing effective therapy to be combined with radiation therapy.
Accordingly, the inventors of the present invention have focused their research on miRNA which can be used as a radiosensitizer in combination with radiation therapy by acting on major genes involved in the DDR signal transduction, and succeeded in developing miRNA capable of increasing radiation sensitivity of radioresistant cancer cells.
These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Composition comprising miRNA for enhancing radiation sensitivity

Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences


A system and method for determining and authenticating a person's identity by generating a behavioral profile for that person by presenting that person with various stimulus and measuring that person's response characteristics in an enrollment stage. That person's response profile, once generated is stored. When that user subsequently needs to access a secure resource, that user to be authorized is presented with the stimulus that was presented at the time of generating that person's behavioral profile and the person's responses are detected and compared to his/her behavioral profile. If a match is detected, that user is identified. The user's behavioral response may be in the form of signals as detected by sensor means that detects visual or audible emotional cues or as signals resulting from that person's behavior as detected by polygraph or EEG devices.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to user authentication and identification methods, i.e. methods and apparatus for determining the identity of a user. More specifically, the invention relates to the ability to recognize the identity of a speaker given a sample of his/her voice.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The field of personal identification includes a recognition or authentication aspect which entails verifying a claimed identity, and a recognition or identification aspect which entails determining the identity of a given person, e.g., from among a database of persons known to a system. There currently exists two major approaches for personal identification: a token-based approach requiring a user's possession of an identification device (e.g., a driver's license, door key), or a knowledge based approach requiring a user to possess a certain piece of knowledge (e.g. personal identification numbers or password). Knowledge-based and token-based approaches while effective, may be unsatisfactory for purposes of security in our information society as tokens may be stolen, misplaced or otherwise compromised and knowledge forgotten. Biometric identification refers to identifying an individual based on that person's distinguishing physiological and/or behavioral (e.g., a finger print or voice print). Biometrics have the good property of using an inherent attribute of the user (e.g. a fingerprint). However, for the same reason, biometrics suffer from the risk of the biometric template being compromised (e.g., a user's fingerprint imaged and duplicated).
It would therefor be highly desirable to provide a new kind of personal identification system that is extremely difficult to compromise.

Method and system for user authentication and identification using behavioral and emotional association consistency


A method for refining vegetable oil is used to reduce formation of soaps. An acid-treated vegetable oil mixture is passed through a low shear mixing device prior to being fed to a static hydrodynamic reactor. The static hydrodynamic reactor induces a neutralization reaction that forms soaps in a pressurized vegetable oil mixture. The reacted mixture is discharged from the reactor to a downstream system for separating the formed soaps from the reacted mixture to form a refined vegetable oil having reduced soaps content.

Vegetable oils are typically oils that have been pressed or extracted, such as from a vegetable source. Many vegetable oils contain some form of phosphatides (e.g., hydratable or non-hydratable), commonly known as gums. For instance, soybean oil contains about 1-3%, corn oil 0.6-0.9%, sunflower oil 0.5-0.9%, and canola oil (crude) 1-3% of gums.
The primary components to be removed during vegetable oil refining (degumming) are free fatty acids (FFAs) and phospholipids contained in the oil. Such components are usually removed by applying an acid treatment and caustic soda treatment in an oil neutralization step. Neutralization is an important step in the chemical refining of vegetable oils for removing FFAs. Traditionally, FFAs are treated with caustic soda (NaOH). The neutralization reaction produces soaps or soapstock which are separated from the oil to form a purified oil product.
In addition to the formation of soapstock being a drawback, separation of the soapstock can result in oil losses. For instance, FFAs are generally removed during neutralization as sodium soaps, but desirable neutral oil is also entrapped in the emulsion formed during the neutralization process due to the soapstock's emulsifying effect. The trapped neutral oil is removed along with the soap during centrifugation.
Some improvements have been introduced in oil treatment processes. Improved mixing of chemicals during caustic soda and acid treatment using hydrodynamic cavitation reactors, high-pressure valve type homogenizers, and compression-decompression devices have been suggested to lower consumption of acids and alkali, and to improve the efficiency and oil yields in vegetable oil refining processes. Such processes can be found in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,911,808; 8,945,644; 9,410,109; 9,453,180; 9,556,399; 9,765,279 and 9,845,442.
To reduce separation losses, the process design should minimize production soapstock during the neutralization operation. The present invention provides solutions for improving oil degumming processes that overcome the disadvantages of soapstock formation.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Methods for reducing soap formation during vegetable oil refining


A system and method for non-retained electronic messaging is described. In one embodiment, the system includes a message receiver module, a message storing and identifier generation module, a message retrieval module and an expunging module. The message receiver module receives a message. The message storing and identifier generation module stores the message in a non-transitory, non-persistent memory of one or more computing devices, generates a message identifier and sends the message identifier to a recipient device. The message retrieval module receives a selection of the message identifier from the recipient device, retrieves the message from the non-transitory, non-persistent memory, and sends the message to the recipient device for presentation. The expunging module expunges the message from the one or more devices responsive to sending the message to the recipient device for presentation.

The specification relates to electronic messaging. In particular, the specification relates to non-retained electronic messaging. Existing e-mail systems, involve sending messages through a complex network of servers such as SMTP, IMAP and POP servers. When messages are sent through these servers, copies of the messages are often stored and retained for the purposes of delivery. Even after the messages have been delivered, it is highly likely that numerous copies of the message are retained in the network, either as backups, cloud-based copies of emails, archives, inboxes, junk mail, trash items, etc. In many circumstances, especially where highly sensitive or confidential messages or documents are being transmitted, the goal is only to communicate to the receiving party and not have any of the information retained anywhere else throughout the system. Having messages or documents retained, many times permanently, means that the communicating parties have lost control of those messages and documents. Such a loss of control can lead to detrimental outcomes, including accidental disclosure of information, unwanted indications of communications and numerous other undesirable consequences.
Similarly, social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Google+, etc. retain content such as photographs, videos, text and other user content permanently or for a period outside the originator's control. There may be instances when an originator of content would like to post content for the purpose of sharing, but does not desire for the content to be retained indefinitely or outside the originator's control.


Embodiments of a telemetry device and methods to convert a binary floating point number to a compressed number is described herein. The binary floating point number may comprise a mantissa and an exponent. The telemetry device may determine a first number based on a product of the exponent and a constant, wherein the constant may be proportional to a logarithm of the number two. The telemetry device may determine a second number using one or more bits of the mantissa as an index into a predetermined lookup table. Values of the lookup table may be proportional to logarithms of candidate mantissa values. The telemetry device may determine the compressed number based on rounding of a sum. The sum may include the first and second numbers. The rounding may be based on a predetermined step size.

In some systems, feedback sent from a device may be subject to various performance requirements in terms of latency, bandwidth and/or other factors. In a non-limiting example, instantaneous operating parameters of an airborne device may be processed by a receiving station to control the speed, path, destination and/or other aspects of the airborne device. This process may be performed in near real-time, in some scenarios, meaning that a target latency of the feedback sent from the airborne device may be very low. Factors such as the latency, available bandwidth, reliability and/or others may be crucial in this scenario and in other scenarios.

Methods to compress range doppler map (RDM) values from floating point to decibels (dB)


A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal display panel having a data line and a source driver for supplying a data signal to the data line based on a polarity signal. A polarity of the data signal is determined based on the polarity signal. The source driver includes an offset cancel control circuit for generating an offset cancel control signal and an output amplifier used to generate the data signal. The output amplifier is constructed so as to invert a polarity of an offset voltage based on the offset cancel control signal. The offset cancel control signal is generated based on the polarity signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display apparatus, a driver for a liquid crystal display panel, and a liquid crystal display panel driving method. More particularly, the present invention relates to a technique for suppressing quality deterioration of a display image which is caused by an offset voltage of an amplifier integrated in a driver of the liquid crystal display panel.
2. Description of the Related Art
One of technologies, which are most widely used to drive a liquid crystal display panel, is an inversion drive method. The inversion drive method is one involving inverting the polarity of a data signal supplied to a data line (signal line) at predetermined spatial cycles and time cycles in order to prevent the so-called burn-in phenomenon. Note that, in this specification, the polarity of a data signal is defined relative to a voltage level (common voltage) of a common electrode of the liquid crystal display panel. When a data signal has a signal level higher than a common voltage VCOM, the polarity of the data signal is defined as a "positive" polarity. In contrast to this, when a data signal has a signal level lower than the common voltage VCOM, the polarity of the data signal is defined as a "negative" polarity. The inversion drive method involves reducing a direct current component of a voltage applied to a liquid crystal capacitor of a pixel to effectively prevent the occurrence of the burn-in phenomenon.
In the inversion drive, various cycles for inverting the polarity of the data signal may be selected. In a dot inversion drive method which is one of the most typical examples of the inversion drive method, data signals whose polarities are opposite to each other are written into adjacent pixels in any one of the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. That is, in the dot inversion drive method, the polarity of the data signal is inverted for each pixel in any one of the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. When a large-size liquid crystal display panel is driven, in many cases, although the polarity of the data signal in the horizontal direction is inverted for each pixel, the polarity of the data signal in the vertical direction is inverted every two pixels. In this specification, the inversion drive method in which a cycle, at which the polarity of the data signal in the vertical direction is inverted, corresponds to α-pixel(s) is referred to as an αH inversion drive method. For example, the inversion drive method of inverting the polarity of the data signal in the vertical direction for each pixel (as in the dot inversion drive method) is described as a 1H inversion drive method. In addition, the inversion drive method of inverting the polarity of the data signal in the vertical direction every two pixels (as in the dot inversion drive method) is described as a 2H inversion drive method.
The data signal is normally generated as follows. A driver for generating a data signal (which is often called a source driver) includes a grayscale voltage generating circuit, a D/A converter, and an output amplifier, which are integrated therein. The grayscale voltage generating circuit generates a set of grayscale voltages having voltage levels respectively corresponding to grayscale levels which a pixel can express. The D/A converter selects a target grayscale voltage from the set of grayscale voltages based on display data and outputs the selected grayscale voltage to the output amplifier. The display data is data indicating a grayscale level of a pixel to be driven. The output amplifier outputs, to a data line, a data signal having a voltage level equal to the grayscale voltage supplied from the D/A converter. A differential amplifier in which an output terminal of an output stage thereof is connected with one of two input terminals of an input differential stage thereof, that is, a voltage follower is used as the output amplifier in many cases.
In general, in order to generate the grayscale voltage in the grayscale voltage generating circuit, a resistance ladder and an amplifier (operational amplifier) for supplying a bias voltage to the resistance ladder are used. A set of grayscale voltages are generated by dividing the bias voltage by the resistance ladder. The bias voltage outputted from the amplifier connected with the resistance ladder is determined such that the grayscale voltage becomes a voltage level reflecting a γ-curve of the liquid crystal display panel. Therefore, the amplifier connected with the resistance ladder is often called a γ-amplifier. In many cases, a voltage follower is used as the γ-amplifier.
A problem regarding the driver of the liquid crystal display panel is that the amplifier integrated therein has an offset voltage and thus a voltage actually outputted from the amplifier may be different from a target value. For example, when the output amplifier has the offset voltage, the voltage level of the data signal is deviated from the target value, so a voltage written into the pixel is deviated from the target value. This causes an actual grayscale level of the pixel to be different from a target grayscale level to deteriorate the quality of an image. In particular, when the offset voltage varies for each amplifier, an offset problem is serious. This is because a variation in offset voltage is recognized by the human eye as longitudinal streak-like unevenness extending in a data line direction. Similarly, when the γ-amplifier has the offset voltage, the actual grayscale level of the pixel is deviated from the target grayscale level to deteriorate the quality of the image.
An effective method of avoiding the problem of the offset voltage of the amplifier is that the polarity of the off set voltage is inverted at appropriate cycles. Note that, in this specification, the polarity of the offset voltage means a magnitude relationship between a voltage desired to be outputted from the amplifier (hereinafter, referred to as "target voltage") and a voltage actually outputted from the amplifier (hereinafter, referred to as "actual voltage") and thus is different in concept from the polarity of the data signal. When the polarity of the offset voltage is inverted at appropriate cycles, it is possible to prevent the influence of the offset voltage from being sensed by the visual sense of human. Hereinafter, when the actual voltage is higher than the target voltage, the polarity of the offset voltage may be referred to as the "positive polarity". In addition, when the actual voltage is lower than the target voltage, the polarity of the offset voltage may be referred to as the "negative polarity".
As compared with a reduction in offset voltage, it is technically easy to invert the polarity of the offset voltage. This is a more practical approach. The offset voltage of the amplifier is caused mainly by a variation between threshold voltages of a pair of MOS transistors included in the input differential stage and a variation between threshold voltages of a pair of MOS transistors included in an active load (for example, a current mirror circuit) connected with the input differential stage. Therefore, for example, when a connection relationship between the input terminal of the amplifier and the pair of MOS transistors included in the input differential stage and a connection relationship between the pair of MOS transistors included in the active load are changed, the polarity of the offset voltage can be inverted while the offset voltage is maintained at the same amplitude.
To be more specific, a technique for alternately using a pair of MOS transistors of an offset input differential stage at a cycle corresponding to four frame periods to invert the polarity of the offset voltage, thereby avoiding the problem of the offset voltage is disclosed in JP 11-305735 A (see, for example, paragraph [0125]).
A technique for inverting the polarity of the offset voltage every predetermined number of lines during a predetermined number of frame periods, thereby avoiding the problem of the offset voltage is disclosed in JP 2002-108303 A. JP 2002-108303 A discloses, for example, that, when a frame period includes eight lines, the polarity of the offset voltage is inverted every seven horizontal lines to cancel the offset voltage at a cycle corresponding to 14 frame periods.
In order to further improve the image quality, as disclosed in JP 11-249623 A, it is suitable to invert the polarity of the offset voltage every predetermined number of horizontal lines during each frame period. JP 11-249623 A discloses a technique for inverting the polarity of the offset voltage every n-horizontal lines during each frame period and every n-frame periods, thereby avoiding the problem of the offset voltage. JP 11-249623 A further discloses a source driver for generating control signals (A and B) for controlling the polarity of the offset voltage of an output amplifier based on an output timing control clock (CL1) for outputting display data stored in a data latch circuit to the signal line of the liquid crystal display panel and a frame period recognition signal (FLMN) for recognizing each frame period, thereby inverting the polarity of the offset voltage every two horizontal lines during each frame period and every two frame periods (see, for example, paragraphs [0017] and [0055] and FIG. 24). The output timing control clock (CL1) and the frame period recognition signal (FLMN) are used to generate the control signals (A and B), so a spatial cycle at which the polarity of the offset voltage is inverted is fixed to the two horizontal lines in the circuit disclosed in JP 11-249623 A.
The technique for inverting the polarity of the offset voltage every predetermined number of lines as disclosed in JP 11-249623 A is certainly effective for the improvement of image quality. The inventor(s) of the present invention found that the conventional source driver disclosed in JP 11-249623 A has a problem in that, when the spatial cycle at which the polarity of the data signal is inverted is made variable, the image quality for each usable spatial cycle cannot be satisfactorily maintained. For example, there is the case where a user desires a source driver adapted to both the 1H inversion drive method and the 2H inversion drive method. According to the conventional source driver, an image cannot be displayed with satisfactory quality for both the 1H inversion drive method and the 2H inversion drive method. This is because the cycle at which the polarity of the offset voltage is inverted is fixed in the conventional source driver. In the case of the 1H inversion drive method (such as the dot inversion drive method), it is suitable to fixedly invert the polarity of the offset voltage every two lines as in the conventional source driver. However, in the case of the 2H inversion drive method, such fixed inversion is not suitable.
For example, as shown in FIG. 1, assume that a data signal is generated by an output amplifier which has two states, that is, a state "A" in which the polarity of the offset voltage is "positive" and a state "B" in which the polarity of the offset voltage is "negative" and can generate any of data signals whose polarities are positive and negative. Note that, in an actual case, when the output amplifier can have two states, a state in which the polarity of the offset voltage is "positive" is unknown.
The output amplifier can generate one of four types of data signals as described below.
Type 1: both of polarity of data signal and polarity of offset voltage are positive (upward direction arrow in state "A")
Type 2: polarity of data signal is negative and polarity of offset voltage is positive (downward direction arrow in state "A")
Type 3: polarity of data signal is positive and polarity of offset voltage is negative (upward direction arrow in state "B")
Type 4: both of polarity of data signal and polarity of offset voltage are negative (downward direction arrow in state "B")
In FIG. 1, a common voltage VCOM indicates a voltage level of a common electrode of the liquid crystal display panel. According to the studies made by the inventor(s) of the present invention, in order to improve the quality of an image, it is suitable to supply the four types of data signals to pixels of the liquid crystal display panel in a spatially uniform manner.
Because the spatial cycle at which the polarity of the offset voltage is inverted is fixed to the two horizontal lines, the source driver described in JP 11-249623 is suitable for the 1H inversion drive method but not for the 2H inversion drive method. FIGS. 2A and 2B show types of data signals supplied to respective pixels during each frame period in the case where the source driver described in JP 11-249623 performs the 1H inversion drive method (dot inversion drive method) and in the case where the source driver performs the 2H inversion drive method. In FIGS. 2A and 2B, symbols "↑A", "↓A", "↑B", and "↓B" have the following meanings.
"↑A": pixel to which data signal whose polarity is positive is supplied from output amplifier having state "A" (that is, pixel to which data signal of "type 1" is supplied)
"↓A": pixel to which data signal whose polarity is negative is supplied from output amplifier having state "A" (that is, pixel to which data signal of "type 2" is supplied)
"↑B": pixel to which data signal whose polarity is positive is supplied from output amplifier having state "B" (that is, pixel to which data signal of "type 1" is supplied)
"↓B": pixel to which data signal whose polarity is negative is supplied from output amplifier having state "B" (that is, pixel to which data signal of "type 2" is supplied)
Note that, according to the operation shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the state of the output amplifier is switched every two lines and two frame periods.
As shown in FIG. 2A, when the 1H inversion drive method is performed, the four types of data signals appear in a pixel column. For example, during a first frame period, the types of data signals supplied to respective pixels located in the leftmost column are "↑A", "↓A", "↑B", and "↓B" in sequence. However, as shown in FIG. 2B, when the 2H inversion driye method is performed, only two types of data signals appear in a pixel column. For example, during the first frame period, the types of data signals supplied to the respective pixels located in the leftmost column are "↑A", "↑A", "↓B", and "↓B" in sequence, so pixels in which the types of the data signals are "↓A" and "↑B" do not appear. Therefore, when the 2H inversion drive method is performed, the four types of data signals are not supplied in a spatially uniform manner. Thus, the 2H inversion drive method causes quality deterioration.
As described above, the conventional source driver in which the spatial cycle at which the polarity of the offset voltage is inverted is fixed has the problem that, when the spatial cycle at which the polarity of the data signal is inverted is made variable, the image quality for each usable spatial cycle cannot be satisfactorily maintained. It is preferable to solve the problem using a simple circuit.

Display apparatus, source driver, and display panel driving method