The present invention teaches an antitheft device whereby an arming mode can be appropriately set when a remote operation for instructing to start an engine is conducted, comprising a section for setting the arming mode when a time T1 (e.g. 20–30 seconds) elapsed after receiving a door locking operation and a section for setting the arming mode when a time T2 (e.g. 2 seconds), being shorter than the time T1, elapsed after receiving a remote operation for instructing to start the engine.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an antitheft device and an antitheft method and, more particularly, to an antitheft device and an antitheft method for preventing incidents such as vehicle theft and theft from a vehicle.
2. Description of the Relevant Art
Both the number of cases and the incidence of incidents such as vehicle theft and theft from a vehicle are tending upward. Therefore, in recent years, various antitheft devices for preventing vehicle theft and theft from a vehicle have been proposed (for example, Japanese Kokai No.1998-44937, and Japanese Utility Model Application No.1993-35518 and No.2002-79911).
FIG. 6 is a block diagram schematically showing the principal part of an antitheft system comprising a conventional antitheft device. Reference numeral 1 in the figure represents an antitheft device having a function of door locking control by remote operation, comprising a microcomputer 2, an antenna 3 and a receiving section 4 for receiving signals sent from a portable transmitter 21, and an EEPROM 5 in which an ID code is stored.
To the antitheft device 1, a key insertion detector 6 for detecting whether an ignition key has been inserted in a key cylinder, a door opening/closing detector 7 for detecting the open/closed state of doors, a trunk opening/closing detector 8 for detecting the open/closed state of a trunk lid, a door locking detector 9 for detecting the locked/unlocked state of the doors, a door lock actuator 10 for locking/unlocking the doors, an intruder detector 11 for detecting an intruder into a vehicle and an audible alarm generator 12 for generating an audible alarm are connected. Here, as the intruder detector 11, a vibration sensor for detecting breaking of glass, an ultrasonic sensor for detecting a motion of a person who intruded into the vehicle, a tilting sensor for detecting a tilt of the vehicle and a sensor for detecting a decrease in voltage of a battery are exemplified.
The portable transmitter 21 comprises a microcomputer (not shown), an antenna 22 and a transmitting section (not shown) for transmitting a prescribed signal to the antitheft device 1, an EEPROM (not shown) in which an ID code is stored, and button switches 23 and 24 for instructing to lock and unlock the doors by remote operation, respectively.
When the button switch 23 is pressed, the microcomputer of the portable transmitter 21 sends a signal including the ID code and a door locking command code through the antenna 22 to the outside. On the other hand, when the button switch 24 is pressed, the microcomputer thereof sends a signal including the ID code and a door unlocking command code through the antenna 22 to the outside.
When receiving a signal instructing to lock the doors from the portable transmitter 21 being carried by its user, the antitheft device 1 judges whether the signal is proper or not (or whether the signal is not sent from any transmitter other than the portable transmitter 21). When the signal is judged to be proper, all the doors are locked by controlling the door lock actuator 10 and the like and an arming mode for being on the alert for theft is set. At that time, in a case where all the doors and the trunk lid are closed, all the doors being in the locked state when a preset delay time (e.g. 20–30 seconds) has elapsed since the necessity to set the arming mode was determined, the arming mode is set. Here, the reason why the arming mode is set when the prescribed time elapsed after door locking control is that it is supposed that there is a fellow passenger who gets out of the vehicle after the user (being a driver in most cases) who operates the portable transmitter 21.
When the arming mode is set, monitoring of an unauthorized action is started. When an unauthorized action is detected, an audible alarm is generated by controlling the audible alarm generator 12 and the like. For example, when opening of a door or the trunk lid, breaking of glass, a tilt of the vehicle or removal of the battery (or a decrease in battery voltage) is detected, an audible alarm is generated.
When receiving a signal instructing to lock the doors by key operation, the antitheft device 1 controls the door lock actuator 10 and the like so as to lock all the doors and sets the arming mode in the same manner as the above. Likewise, in a case where all the doors and the trunk lid are closed, all the doors being in the locked state when the prescribed delay time has elapsed, the arming mode is set.
By the way, recently, as to not only door locking but also engine starting, remote operation has been realized (for example, Japanese Utility Model Application No.2002-79911, Japanese Kokai No.1997-256932 and Japanese Utility Model Application No.1997-329075). The realization of engine starting by remote operation has an excellent effect that the vehicle environment can be made comfortable by a warm-up before getting-on.
In cases where such remote operation for instructing to start the engine is conducted, the user is often away from the vehicle. Therefore, if the engine is started by remote operation in a state where the arming mode has not been set, for example, in a case where the user carelessly conducted an unlocking operation in conducting an engine start by remote operation, the risk of suffering vehicle theft becomes extremely high. Therefore, it becomes important that the arming mode is also set in the case of the engine being started by remote operation.
However, in a conventional antitheft device, even in the case of engine starting by remote operation (or although the vehicle is often unoccupied and no passenger gets out of the vehicle when the engine is started by remote operation), the arming mode is set after an elapse of a delay time preset in consideration of a fellow passenger's getting-off, similarly to the case of setting the arming mode after door locking using a portable transmitter or by key operation.
When an engine start by remote operation is conducted with putting/taking luggage into/out of the trunk in the state of the trunk lid being opened after the doors of the vehicle were unlocked (or after the arming mode was canceled), the arming mode is not set in some cases. Moreover, when the engine is started, the vehicle creates vibrations or something. Therefore, if an alert status in the arming mode being set in the case of receiving a remote operation for instructing to start the engine (such as detected subjects for detecting an unauthorized action or the detection sensitivity for detecting the unauthorized action) is the same as an alert status in the arming mode being set in the case of receiving a door locking operation, a vibration sensor or the like as a theft detector reacts thereto, resulting in an inconvenience.


A method and apparatus comprising a first circuit configured to receive a mode signal and generate a first signal and a second signal, the first circuit being configured to deassert the first signal and the second signal when the mode signal is in a first state; a first scan cell configured to latch a first input in response to the first signal and to latch a second input in response to a third signal to produce a first latched signal on a first output, the first scan cell configured to drive a second output in response to a fourth signal, wherein the second input and the second output are coupled to a scan chain; a dynamic circuit having a dynamic node, the dynamic circuit being configured to receive the first output and the second signal, to precharge the dynamic node in response to the second signal being deasserted, and produce a data on the third output in response to the second signal being asserted and the state of the dynamic node; and a second cell configured to latch the data in response to the second signal being deasserted.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of scan testing; more particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for performing scan testing on dynamic circuits, such as domino logic.
2. Description of Related Art
A typical integrated circuit has combinational logic blocks, which may include dynamic circuits, such as domino logic. These combinational logic blocks are coupled through latches controlled by a system clock. In order to test the functionality and performance of a combinational logic block, various combinations of stimulus conditions are selected according to well-known methods. In order to apply the desired stimulus to a combinational logic block, a sequence of operations may need to be performed. In a complex integrated circuit, the time to apply this sequence of operations can be burdensome.
Scan testing is a well-known technique for implementing a scan chain which serially accepts data that is applied to critical inputs of these combinational logic blocks. The ability to directly control inputs of internal combinational logic simplifies the preparation process for a test of the combinational logic blocks. Each of the scan cells have a scan input latch and a scan output latch that are serially coupled to adjacent scan cells to produce the scan chain. Each of the scan cells also have a functional input latch that is coupled to an output of one combinational logic block and a functional output latch that is coupled to the input of another combinational logic block.
One type of combinational logic block is a domino circuit. During normal operation of a domino circuit, a clock is deasserted to precharge an output node to a high logic level while the output of a first latch (input to the domino circuit) and other inputs to the domino circuit transitions to and stabilizes at the desired logic levels. Then, the clock is asserted to conditionally discharge (evaluate) the output node depending on the inputs to the domino circuit. A second latch is coupled to receive the output of the domino circuit and configured to be transparent while the clock is asserted. When the clock is again deasserted, the second latch is closed such that the output of the domino circuit is stored within the second latch before the output node is again precharged.
The output node is discharged if the input signals to the domino circuit enable a discharge path from the output node to the ground node. The domino circuit is configured such that a discharge path is not enabled when the desired output is a high logic level for a particular combination of input values (permitting the output node to remain at its high logic level established during the precharge phase) and enabled when the desired output is a low logic level for a particular combination of input values.
The following method is used to test the operation of dynamic circuits, such as domino logic, by using scan testing. First, a sequence of bits are applied to the head of the scan chain until all the scan cells have been initialized to the desired values. The stimulus is then applied to the domino logic through a functional output latch and each response is captured by a corresponding functional input latch at an output of the domino circuit. The output of each domino circuit is serially shifted out through the scan output latches to the tail of the scan chain to be compared against expected values. Should a domino circuit not discharge an output node during the time provided or should the domino circuit be defective such that it discharges the output when it should not or does not discharge the output when it should, the response will not correspond to the expected value and the device will fail the test.
During the scan shift operation, the clock may be asserted (indicating an evaluation phase) or deasserted (indicating a precharge phase). Testing dynamic circuits, such as domino logic, under either condition presents problems.
If the clock is left in an asserted state (evaluate phase) during the scan shift operation, the toggling data may trigger a spurious discharge of the output node.
It is important that the inputs to the domino circuit are stable at the desired values when during an evaluation phase in order to avoid generating an incorrect output. If an input signal temporarily transitions through a logic level other than the desired logic level during the scan shift operation performed in the evaluation phase such that the combination of input values at any instant enables a discharge path through the domino circuit, the output may be discharged to the low logic level. The output remains discharged until the next precharge phase even if the input values attain their desired values and these desired values do not enable a discharge path. Thus, even if the desired input values correspond to an output at the high logic level, the spurious discharge causes the output to transition to and remain at the low logic level.
One method to avoid a spurious discharge if the clock is left in the asserted state is to include logic coupled to receive the output of the scan cell and a test mode signal to generate a new output which does not toggle during the scan shift operation. A scan cell which does not toggle during the scan shift operation is known as a non-destructive scan cell. During the scan shift operation, the test mode input is asserted, causing the logic to force the new output to a value which will not cause the combinational logic to discharge the output node. For example, the logic may simply be a nor gate coupled to receive the output signal and a test mode signal to generate a new output being the same as the output signal when the test mode signal is deasserted and a logic low level when the test mode signal is asserted. When the scan shift operation is completed, the test mode input is deasserted, causing the logic to force the new output to the desired value. Although the use of an extra control signal (the test mode signal) and this additional logic avoids the spurious discharge during the scan shift operation, it also requires a more complex scan cell which adds to the cost of the integrated circuit particularly since the scan cells are typically replicated in numerous latches and flip-flops throughout the integrated circuit.
If the clock is left in a deasserted state (precharge phase), the scan latch data stored in that internal node may be corrupted. The first scan latch (functional output latch of a first scan cell) that drives an input of a domino circuit is transparent when the clock is deasserted (precharge phase) and the second scan latch (functional input latch of a second scan cell) that latches the output of the domino circuit is transparent when the clock is asserted (evaluate phase). However, during the scan shift operation, the data is serially scanned through each of these scan cells via a scan input latch and scan output latch (scan latching) as opposed to the functional input latch and functional output latch (functionally latching). If the clock is left in a deasserted state, the functional input latch of the scan cell is enabled during the scan shift operation. Therefore, both the scan input latch and the functional input latch drive the same internal node. Thus, the scan latch data stored in that internal node may be corrupted.
One method to avoid corruption of data if the clock is left in the deasserted state is to add logic to enable control of the scan cell latch such that the scan cell latch is only transparent if the clock is deasserted and a test mode signal is deasserted. During a scan shift operation, the test mode signal is asserted thereby disabling the first scan cell latch despite the deassertion of the clock signal. When the scan shift operation is completed, the clock signal is asserted (evaluate phase) and then the test mode signal is deasserted thereby continuing to disable the first scan cell latch. The output is latched by the second scan cell latch when the clock signal is deasserted. Thus, the critical period begins at the time the clock signal is asserted and ends when the clock signal is deasserted. This method does require an extra control signal (the test mode signal). The additional control signal and logic adds complexity and cost to the integrated circuit.
What is needed is a method and apparatus to perform scan testing of dynamic circuits, such as domino logic, which do not require an additional control signal.

Method and apparatus for scan testing dynamic circuits


A hemostatic forceps (20) includes a pair of forceps elements (forceps cups (1)) constituted of a conductive metal and configured to serve as high-frequency electrodes and configured to be able to change into a state where front portions of the pair of forceps cups (1) are open, and a state where the pair of forceps cups (1) are close. A sawtooth portion (15) having a plurality of concavo-convex structures which constitute a sawtooth-shape is provided on at least one of respective closing-side surfaces (17) of the pair of forceps cups (1). The sawtooth portion (15) is provided with an electrically insulative coating over its bottom portion (21), but not on a top portion (22) thereof, and hence the top portion (22) is conductive.

An endoscopic hemostatic forceps is utilized to apply a high-frequency current to a pair of high-frequency electrodes pinching a biological tissue therebetween to thereby coagulate the biological tissue by cauterization. In the case where the high-frequency electrodes contacting the biological tissue have a large area, it takes a long time before the contact portion is sufficiently heated for attaining a hemostatic effect. In this case, the biological tissue suffers a deep burn therein over an extensive area thus suffering unnecessary tissue destruction, while the hemostatic effect, which is the object of the treatment, cannot be attained as desired. Accordingly, a forceps type high-frequency treatment instrument has been proposed that includes a pair of forceps cups constituted of a conductive metal that serves as high-frequency electrodes and configured to be able to change into a state where front portions of the pair of forceps cups are open, and a state where the pair of forceps cups are close, the forceps cups being provided with an electrically insulative coating over an entirety thereof, except for an outer periphery of the closing-side surface of the respective forceps where the conductive metal is exposed (see, for example, patent document 1).

Endoscopic high-frequency hemostatic forceps


Compounds and methods for purifying oligonucleotides such as RNA and DNA. A target oligonucleotide is reacted with an orthoester linker comprising an affinity tag to form an orthoester oligonucleotide-orthoester linker conjugate which is subjected to a purification technique to separate the target oligonucleotide from impurities such as truncated oligonucleotides. The orthoester linker can be then removed under mild conditions to generate the target oligonucleotide in high purity.

Solid-phase synthesis is an invaluable tool which can be used to prepare custom oligonucleotide sequences (e.g., custom RNA and DNA), custom peptides, custom oligosaccharides, and various metabolites. The chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides generally occurs in a sequential fashion in which one end of the growing chain is attached to a solid surface, and reactive nucleotide monomers are condensed sequentially using a repetitive synthesis cycle. These nucleotide monomers contain a reactive phosphorus group such as phosphoramidite, H-phosphonate, or other reactive phosphorus or modified groups well known in the art, and the building blocks are derived from protected, 2′-deoxynucleosides (dA, dC, dG, and T), protected ribonucleosides (A, C, G, and U), or protected chemically modified nucleosides. The typical desired oligonucleotide product contains an internucleotide bond between the 5′-hydroxyl and 3′-hydroxyl of adjacent nucleotides. However, it may also be desirable to form unnatural internucleotide linkages between any of the hydroxyl groups on adjacent nucleotides. To accomplish the synthesis, the first step of the synthesis cycle is generally the reaction of a protected monomer with a nucleoside attached to the surface or reaction of a protected monomer with a hydroxyl group on the surface. The hydroxyl group on the surface can either be part of a cleavable universal linker or non-cleavable surface attachment. After initial coupling of the reactive phosphorus group with a hydroxyl on the surface, the steps that follow typically include capping of unreacted hydroxyl groups and then oxidation of the reactive phosphorus intermediate. Under certain conditions where certain modified phosphorus groups are being used, it may be necessary to oxidize prior to capping, especially in the case where the oxidation reagent produces a modified phosphorus group such as a phosphorothioate, boranophosphonate, or phosphoramidate. The final step is usually the deblocking of the hydroxyl group that will couple to the next protected nucleotide monomer. The protecting group removed in this final step is generally a dimethoxytrityl group (DMT). However, many other protective groups are well known in the art such as, for example, the 9-phenylxanthyl group (Pixyl), benzhydryloxy-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl (BZH). Upon the completion of the chain assembly, the desired product is released from the solid phase, deprotected, and utilized in further biological applications.
The oligonucleotide product should be free of shorter, truncated sequences and of sequences having a different sequence than the desired product since the presence of side-products may cause undesired effects when used in in vitro or in vivo experiments. A desirable oligonucleotide synthesis would provide the chosen oligonucleotide in quantitative yield, such that the completed synthetic composition contains only the target oligonucleotide product. However, chemical methods generally provide less than quantitative yield and are usually in the range of 95% to 99% yield. The crude reaction mixture often comprises a mixture of desired oligonucleotide and truncated or failure sequences and requires purification to obtain a clean oligonucleotide target product.
The most common method of purifying the desired oligonucleotide product out of the crude synthesis products is high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, isolation of the target full-length oligonucleotide from shorter oligonucleotide sequences often requires chromatographic conditions that are laborious and time consuming. For longer oligonucleotides such as oligonucleotides having 100 or more nucleotides, HPLC elution gradients can take two to three hours for each run, and the process requires precise collection and fraction analysis to obtain acceptable levels of purity. Moreover, such chromatographic methods often require stationary phases having very small particle sizes and abundant theoretical plates.
In standard oligonucleotide synthesis methods, the failure sequences are capped with an acetyl group or other acid-stable reactive functional groups and the full-length oligonucleotide comprises a dimethoxytrityl group, 9-phenylxanthyl group (Pixyl), benzhydryloxy-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl (BZH) or other well-known groups at the 5′-hydroxyl position. Researchers have proposed that the full-length oligonucleotide product may be distinguished from the failure sequences by the chemical group on the 5′-hydroxyl of the oligonucleotide molecule at the completion of the synthesis cycle. Since groups like the dimethoxytrityl group are significantly more hydrophobic than the acetyl group, this difference can theoretically be used to separate the full-length oligonucleotide products from the capped failure products using a chromatographic method such as reverse-phase HPLC (J. Chrom. 326, 293-299; 1985). However, the use of DMT for HPLC purification has several drawbacks. While the DMT group is easily removed while the nucleotide is on a solid support due to favorable equilibrium conditions, the DMT group is significantly harder to remove after removal of the oligonucleotide from the solid support and requires strong acid conditions and long reaction times. Unfortunately, the conditions required to remove the DMT group in solution can degrade the purified oligonucleotide ultimately resulting in a significant loss of purity. For DNA, such conditions are especially harsh on purine bases, resulting in cleavage of the glycosidic bond. For RNA, exposure to acid is even more problematic since such exposure can directly cleave the internucleotide bond and catalyze isomerization of the internucleotide bond resulting in a mixture of 5′-3′ and 5′-2′ linked RNA products.
Accordingly, there is a need for methods and compounds for mild and effective purification of oligonucleotides to produce oligonucleotides of high purity. The present disclosure provides methods and compounds for purifying oligonucleotides using an affinity tag which is cleavable under mild conditions and has little or no overall effect on the purity or integrity of the oligonucleotide product. These compounds can also be reacted with nascently synthesized biopolymers and biologically active metabolites which contain an accessible hydroxyl group. The affinity tag can be used to purify the biopolymer or metabolite.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Orthoester compositions for affinity purification of oligonucleotides


An athletic garment and equipment system according to the present invention includes an athletic garment having at least one section of knitted elastomeric raised loop fabric of a preferred design. The system also includes an athletic pad, pad assembly or other athletic equipment including at least one male hook substrate piece. The section of elastomeric raised loop fabric may be stretched and fixed to the male hood substrate piece to secure the garment to the athletic pad.

The present invention relates to athletic apparel and equipment, and in particular athletic garments and pads.
Many athletic garments are preferably worn fixed to underlying or adjacent equipment such as athletic pads. For example, many football athletes prefer to fix any loose ends of the football jersey so that the jersey is extremely tight around the shoulder or rib pads, minimizing any loose portions of jersey that are particularly accessible to opponents. Typically, the upper portion of the jersey is heavily taped to underlying pads, in particular to shoulder pad assemblies, using two-sided adhesive tape.
The problems associated with taping athletic garments are numerous. For example, taping is a relatively slow and cumbersome process that often takes significant time. Football players, for example, may spend an hour or more having jerseys taped. Moreover, athletic or other tape used for this purpose is often not re-usable, creating wasted tape and added expense. Even when taped properly, taped jerseys and other garments are often uncomfortable due to pinching or binding of the tape or the garment itself, and the tape tends to fail due to wet conditions or from perspiration.
An athletic garment and pad system according to the present invention includes an athletic garment having at least one section of elastomeric raised loop fabric. The system also includes an athletic pad or pad assembly including at least one male hook substrate piece. The section of elastomeric raised loop fabric may be stretched and fixed to the male hood substrate piece to secure the garment to the athletic pad.
Utilization of the system according to the present invention reduces and in many cases eliminates the need for taping by providing a conjunctive or alternative method of securing the athletic garment.


The retaining plate (3) is disposed in a clutch disc assembly in which torque is transmitted through a coil spring and is intended for transmitting torque from an input member to the coil spring. The retaining plate (3) is formed with a first window portion (3a). The first window portion (3a) includes a tunnel portion having a convex shape so as the coil spring to be disposed therein. The tunnel portion (21) of the first window portion (3a) is integral with the retaining plate (3) in the radial direction and is formed with the second holes (23) on its circumferentially opposite ends. A circumferential support portion (22) is formed on the circumferentially opposite ends of the tunnel portion (21).

A. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a plate member for a damper disc assembly. Specifically, the invention relates to a convex portion of the plate member which is configured to partially house a coil spring which dampens vibration within the damper disc assembly, the convex portion further providing radial strength to the plate member.
B. Description of the Related Art
In general, a clutch disc assembly used in an automotive clutch or the like typically includes an input member which is selectively coupled to a flywheel of an engine for transmission of torque. Such a clutch disc assembly further includes a spline hub connected to the input member via a vibration damper mechanism. The input member is constructed with friction facings which engage the flywheel, and a pair of disc-like plates. The disc-like plates confine and form part of the vibration damper mechanism. The spline hub is usually configured to connect to an input shaft extending from a transmission for rotation therewith. The spline hub is provided with a boss portion to be spline-engaged with a transmission input shaft and a flange extending radially outward from the boss portion. The flange extends between the disc-like plates. Windows are formed in the flange, and spring members such as coil springs are disposed in the windows. The pair of plates are formed with window portions that extend in axial directions and correspond to the windows in the flange. The window portions formed in the pair of plates are typically formed by making circumferentially extending cuts in the plates and then deforming the plates in the area adjacent to the cuts forming the axially extending window portions. The coil springs are disposed in the flange windows and the window portions formed in the pair of plates, thus elastically connecting the plates and the flange. The circumferential ends of the windows and the window portions contact corresponding ends of each of the coil springs to effect torque transmission between the flange and the plates.
In the plate members of the above described clutch assembly, the radially opposite sides of each of the window portions typically include raised portions that may be curved to correspond generally to the shape of the coil springs. The raised portions are not formed so as to be continuous in the radial direction due to the cutting process utilized for forming the window portions. Therefore, the overall mechanical strength of the plate is diminished. Further, during clutch use, the area about each window portion in the plate undergoes frictional wear in response to movement of the coil springs. The degree of the frictional wear around the raised portions is considerable because the area that contacts the coil springs is small.

Plate member having radially extending support portions for a damper disc assembly


A data server to authenticate a passenger anonymously and allow an outside service to provide a service on the basis of this authentication. A passenger in an automobile uses a portable terminal with an acceleration sensor to send the acceleration sensor log in the portable terminal to a data server. The data server calculates the degree of similarity between the acceleration sensor log and time-series data related to acceleration obtained from probe data acquired from the automobile, and verifies that the portable terminal is indeed inside the automobile by confirming that there is a sufficiently high correlation between the log and the time-series data. The data server provides an access permission code to the portable terminal in response to successful acceleration authentication. The portable terminal provides the access permission code to an outside service, and the outside service accesses probe data in the data server using the access permission code.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a technique for authenticating a person riding in a vehicle such as an automobile, and more specifically to an authentication technology using an acceleration sensor.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, probe data has been collected from automobiles and telematic services provided using this probe data. Telematics is a system that provides information and services to automobiles using onboard devices such as car navigation devices and mobile communication.
People other than the owner can be inside an automobile, such as friends and family. At this time, there is a desire to provide services to passengers other than the owner of an automobile using probe data from the automobile. However, the data servers of telematic services do not allow service providers to verify that a passenger is inside an automobile.
A passenger can be verified by providing, for example, personal information and a mobile phone number to a data server of a telematic service, but this is undesirable as the privacy of the passenger in the automobile is violated.
Authentication methods using acceleration sensors have been proposed. In Laid-open Patent Publication No. JP 2002-291047, a portable communication terminal with a wireless communication means has been disclosed in which this wireless device includes an acceleration sensor unit for detecting the acceleration of the wireless device and outputting predetermined acceleration signals, a storage unit for storing in advance acceleration signals detected and outputted by the acceleration sensor unit as a password, and a control unit for permitting use of a communication terminal 10 when the acceleration signals outputted from the acceleration sensor unit and the password signals stored in the storage unit match.
In Laid-open Patent Publication No. JP 2005-92722, an operation recognition device has been proposed which includes a portable three-dimensional acceleration sensor for sensing three-dimensional acceleration, a characteristic sample extracting means for extracting a temporal transition in the three-dimensional acceleration detected by the portable three-dimensional acceleration sensor as a characteristic sample, a sample database for holding a reference characteristic sample of three-dimensional acceleration, a matching processing means for matching the characteristic sample extracted by the characteristic sample extracting means to the reference characteristic sample held in the characteristic sample database, and an authentication established signal outputting means for outputting authentication established signals when the matching performed by the matching processing means has been successful.
In Laid-open Patent Publication No. JP 2007-116318, a mobile phone with an acceleration sensor device is combined with an acceleration detecting unit, an acceleration/personal authentication information registering unit, a personal authentication information storing unit and a personal authentication information authenticating unit (14), and this combination is used to authenticate a movement pattern when the mobile phone has moved as personal authentication information, and set and/or release block functions in the mobile phone accordingly.
In Laid-open Patent Publication No. JP 2011-101118, time-series data for detection values detected by various sensor units in an onboard information device and mobile device (position information, acceleration information, etc.) is used as an authentication key for determining whether or not authentication is successful. Because time-series data for detection values from these sensor units is very difficult to acquire outside of an automobile, time-series data for these detection values can be used as an authentication key for authentication between a mobile device carried by a passenger and an onboard information device.
A technique has also been disclosed in which device-to-device authentication is performed by bringing a plurality of devices together. See Rene Mayrhofer and Hans Gellersen, "Shake well before use: Authentication based on accelerometer data", International Conference on Pervasive Computing, 2007.
In the prior art technology mentioned above, even when a data server can authenticate a passenger anonymously, the authentication cannot be provided to a server other than the data server in order to provide an outside service.
Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to enable a data server to authenticate a passenger anonymously and allow an outside service separate from the data server to provide a service on the basis of this authentication.
The present invention has been conceived to solve this problem by providing a system for permitting an outside service used by the user of a portable terminal equipped with an acceleration sensor to access probe data stored in a data server in order to provide a server.

Authentication method, authentication system and authentication program

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


At least one embodiment for an apparatus and methodology for reversibly attaching accessory(ies) to a least one article of clothing. The apparatus comprises of at least a magnetically attachment apparatus having at least primary and secondary magnets, which between which is generally reversibly sandwiched at least a portion of an article of clothing. The primary magnet is generally located on the rear of the article of clothing. The secondary magnet is generally located on the front of the article of clothing to reversibly retain at least one accessory, which essentially has at least some component or portion of a component containing ferrous and/or ferromagnetic material. In at least one embodiment, the accessory may be a golf ball marker. In at least one embodiment, the accessory may be jewelry.

Over the millenniums, as humans began to wear clothing, they generally have wanted to make the articles of clothing more attractive, utilitarian or both, by fastening, either permanently or reversibly, various types of accessories to their clothing. One means that could be utilized for this attachment purpose would be the use of magnets. Magnetic attachment means have generally been used by themselves or in conjunction with more traditional attachment means such as pin and clasp.
One such combination attachment means is generally disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 6,244,955 issued to Lopez. This patent generally shows a magnetic golf ball marker reversibly attaches by magnetic attraction to a ferrous body that is attached reversibly (via pin and clasp) to a portion of a golfing article of clothing such as a brim to a golfing cap. This invention essentially uses a pin and clasp mechanism, which may cause accelerated wear on the fabric by repeated penetration of the fabric by the pin.
Another golf ball marker and holder are generally disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 6,170,081 as issued to Tate. This patent generally suggests a golf ball marker, a portion of which is made of ferrous material to allow the marker to be reversibly attached to a magnetic base or receptacle, which is incorporated into the structure of an article of clothing such as golfing cap.
These two patents generally show a reversible magnetic means of attachment that has a base, which is essentially either, permanently incorporated or reversibly attached by mechanical means to the article of clothing. Essentially, when a permanently attached base is used, this limits the use of magnetic attachment means to specifically constructed articles of clothing. Further, it may be seen that the additional magnetic type componentry could add to the cost of creating the specially constructed articles of clothing.
When mechanical means are essentially used to attach the base of the magnetic attachment means to non-specifically created articles of clothing, this could possibly lead to accelerated wear and tear of the clothing fabric. For example, during the operation of the device, a pin of the clasp-type attachment mechanism could be used repeatedly, resulting in the repeated puncturing of the fabric of the article of clothing as the base is repeatedly attached to the article of clothing. While a cotton fabric could possibly withstand such repeated puncturing, a finer material such as silk could more noticeably damaged.
What is generally needed therefore is an accessory-to-article of clothing attachment apparatus and methodology, which could use at least one magnetic means to attach itself and an accessory to an article of clothing.

Magnetic attachment device and methodology


A bandpass filter, having an input port and an output port, comprises a first microstrip split-ring resonator coupled to input port, and a second microstrip split-ring resonator coupled to the first microstrip split-ring resonator, and coupled to the output port. A lumped or distributed capacitance is disposed between the first microstrip split-ring resonator and the second microstrip split-ring resonator.

Microstrip ring resonators are now used in bandpass filter applications to overcome the influence that parasitic components generated at short circuited points in resonators have on circuit losses and resonance frequencies. However, conventional microstrip ring resonator BPFs are commonly designed for control of the in-band response without regard for the location of the out-of-band zeroes. The selectivity of a ring BPF may be improved by an appropriate choice of the zeroes. Thus a need exists for a ring resonator wherein the location of the zeroes may be easily designed for.

Split-ring resonator bandpass filter with adjustable zero


The present disclosure includes: a magnetostrictive plate including a magnetostrictive material; a yoke around which a coil is wound and which has two ends magnetically connected to a surface of the magnetostrictive plate; and a bias magnet that generates bias magnetic flux circulating from one of the two ends of the yoke to the other one of the two ends through the yoke. Here, the magnetostrictive plate is surface-bonded to a non-magnetic structural body.

Conventionally, techniques for generating power from ambient vibration have been actively developed. Among them, a technique for generating power from piezoelectric elements and a technique for generating power from a change in a magnetic flux density of a permanent magnet are known.
Many of the methods for generating power using piezoelectric elements are performed by generating power by deforming the piezoelectric elements by external force in some way or other. Methods for deforming piezoelectric elements include a method for deforming piezoelectric elements by application of vibration to piezoelectric elements, a method for indirectly applying pressure such as wind pressure or sound pressure, a method for causing an object such as a weight to collide with piezoelectric elements, and a method for attaching piezoelectric elements to a deformed object (for example, refer to Patent Literature 1). Patent Literature 1 discloses a sound power generation apparatus which generates power by a piezoelectric element using air pressure fluctuation caused by sound and a vibration power generation apparatus which generates power by piezoelectric elements using pressure fluctuation caused by vibration.
Moreover, a method for generating power using a change in magnetic flux of a permanent magnet is a method for generating power by a temporal change in interlinkage magnetic flux density of coil caused by vibration of the permanent magnet, that is, a method for generating power using electromagnetic induction (for example, refer to Non Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2).
In Non Patent Literature, a permanent magnet is vibrated within the coil in parallel with a magnetization direction. As a result, a magnetic flux density within the coil is changed which causes a current to flow through the coil. Non Patent Literature 1 discloses a power generating element that generates power using the above phenomenon.
Patent Literature 2 discloses a power generating element including: a bias magnet which is magnetized in two poles; a magnetostrictive material which changes magnetic permeability through an inverse magnetostrictive effect by applying force from outside and changes a flow of magnetic flux; a compressing means which periodically compresses the magnetostrictive material in a direction having magnetic anisotropy; and a coil means which induces current by the periodically changing magnetic flux. In the power generating element, the magnetostrictive material, the coil, and the compressing means are disposed such that the periodically changing magnetic flux and the coil wound around the coil center form a linkage. In other words, this is a structure which generates power with current which is generated in the coil by periodically compressing, in a longitudinal direction, the magnetostrictive material having magnetic anisotropy in a longitudinal direction.
The piezoelectric element disclosed in Patent Literature 1 has large piezoelectric longitudinal constant and high power generation efficiency of piezoelectric vertical effect (when the direction of force and the direction of taking out voltage are the same). However, when power is generated using bending deformation through deforming a single-plate piezoelectric material, voltage is taken out in a direction perpendicular to a direction of force (piezoelectric horizontal effect), with the result that the power generation efficiency is low. Moreover, the piezoelectric material is a brittle material which is easily damaged by bending and impact. Therefore, there is a problem that an excessive load cannot be applied to the piezoelectric material and it is difficult to apply large bending to and have a large impact on the material for increasing power generation capacity. Moreover, the piezoelectric element has high impedance in low frequency since it is electrically inductive load. Furthermore, when a load having lower impedance than the piezoelectric element is connected to the piezoelectric element, voltage generated at the load is low. As a result, there is a demerit that power obtained from power generation is low and power generation efficiency is low.
Moreover, in the method for generating power using a change in linkage magnetic flux density in the coil caused by the vibration of the permanent magnet as disclosed in Non Patent Literature 1, it is necessary to cause a vibrator to vibrate at large amplitude and high frequency for increasing power generation capacity. When the size of the permanent magnet used as the vibrator is large, the mass of the vibrator is high while the resonance frequency of the vibrator is low. As a result, there is a problem that the power generation capacity is not increased.
Moreover, the method for generating power by periodically compressing the magnetostrictive material disclosed in Patent Literature 2 requires large force for compressing the magnetostrictive material in a longitudinal direction. Moreover, there is a problem that since the compression force is unevenly applied to the magnetostrictive material, power generation efficiency is low.

Power generating element and power generation device

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CORPORATION KANAZAWA UNIVERSITY


An iconic programming system allowing a user to specify data input constraints and names for any terminal of any icon of an iconic network program defined within the system. The system allows names of any length and allows a programmer to change the names at any time after the iconic network is created. The system further provides a facility to lock the names so that they cannot be changed later.

An iconic programming system is a "programming-less" environment where programming is done by connecting graphical images of devices (icons), together with connecting lines, to create an iconic network which represents a software program or simulation model. The iconic programming system may be used in research and development test environments, where several different electronic devices are connected to test a system or device. Programming such a system requires instructions to cause the various devices to perform desired functions in order to operate as a system.
When an iconic programming system is used, each device is represented by a graphical icon, also called a graphical object, and the connections between the devices are represented by connecting lines between the graphical icon images. These connecting lines connect between terminals on the icons. Each device may have multiple lines connecting from other devices, bringing data into the device for it to use during its execution. Each device may also have multiple output lines connecting to other devices, to pass its new or changed data on to the other devices in the program. In addition to graphical icons representing devices in such a system, graphical icons are provided for programming functions, for example looping, IF-THEN statements, etc. By combining device and programming icons, a user can create an iconic network involving the programmed operation of several devices. An example of a simple iconic network is shown in FIG. 2, described below.
When the program runs, each device executes in turn, and during its execution, each device may use the data on its input terminals, modify it, and put the same or other data on its output terminals where the data is sent to other icons for use by those icons.
When a terminal is referenced within an icon, for example when the data input on a terminal is used in a formula, the terminal is referenced by name. In prior art iconic systems, the terminal names cannot be changed after a terminal is defined, and the names are restricted to a very few characters. This is very restrictive to programmers using the iconic programming environment. Also, if a large number of terminals are used, the restriction of names to a few letters causes terminal names to become confusing.
There is a need in the art for a system that will provide a way for a programmer in an iconic system to provide a long name to icon terminals. There is a further need in the art for such an iconic programming system that allows a programmer of such a system to change the name of an icon terminal after the terminal is defined. The present invention meets these needs.
Various features and components of an iconic network system are disclosed in U.S. patent applications:
(A) Application Ser. No. 07/483,478 filed Feb. 22, 1990 for PROGRAMMING ESCAPE FROM AN ICONIC SYSTEM of Bailey, Beethe, Wolber, and Williams; PA1 (B) Application Ser. No. 07/537,550 filed Jun. 13, 1990 for PROCESSING METHOD FOR AN ICONIC PROGRAMMING SYSTEM of Beethe; PA1 (C) Application Ser. No. 07/661,936 filed Feb. 28, 1991 for LINE PROBE IN AN ICONIC PROGRAMMING SYSTEM OF Wolber; and PA1 (D) Application Ser. No. 07/668,286 filed Mar. 12, 1991 for INPUT AND OUTPUT CONSTRAINTS ON DEVICES IN AN ICONIC PROGRAMMING SYSTEM of Wolber and Beethe;
each of which is hereby specifically incorporated by reference for all that is disclosed therein.

System for entering and modifying variable names for terminals of icons in an iconic programming system


A cylindrical member of a sensor mounting member is partitioned in its middle by a partitioning wall into a high pressure side and a low pressure side, with pressure sensors provided at the two surfaces of the partitioning wall. At a base portion of the sensor mounting member, a communicating hole constituting a portion of a flow passage of a piping joint connector is formed. The sensor mounting member structured as described above is fitted in a communicating hole that communicates between a high pressure passage and a low pressure passage bored at the side of the piping joint connector. With this, the pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of the heat exchanging medium at high pressure and the pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of the heat exchanging medium at low pressure can be mounted in an integrated manner, thereby achieving a reduction in the number of parts such as mounting parts for mounting the pressure sensors and a reduction in the number of mounting processes to simplify the production work.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a structure for mounting pressure sensors which measure the pressure of a heat exchanging medium at high pressure and a heat exchanging medium at low pressure flowing in the cooling cycle in an air conditioning system for vehicles and the like, at an expansion valve or a piping joint connector of the air conditioning system.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, the heightened global awareness of environmental issues and the need to conserve energy resources have prompted the automotive industry to strive for reductions in fuel consumption in automobiles. As one of the methods for responding to the demand for reduced fuel consumption in automobiles, the engine load resulting from driving the air conditioning system in the automobile may be reduced by lowering the idling rotation rate of the engine.
However, in order to lower the idling rotation rate, the rotation rate of the engine must be controlled finely in correspondence to changes in the pressure of the heat exchanging medium by measuring the pressure of the heat exchanging medium flowing in the low pressure passage as well as the pressure of the heat exchanging medium flowing in the high pressure passage in the cooling cycle of the air conditioning system.
For this purpose, a method whereby a high pressure side sensor and a low pressure side sensor are separately installed at a connecting passage at the high pressure side and a connecting passage at the low pressure side respectively to measure the pressures of the fluid body (heat exchanging medium) flowing inside the connecting passages and at the high pressure side and at the low pressure side, is disclosed in, for instance, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. S63-101712, is adopted.
However, if pressure sensors are separately installed in the individual connecting passages as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. S63-101712 mentioned above, problems arise in that the number of parts must be increased, since mounting portions for installing the individual pressure sensors are required and in that the number of manufacturing steps must increase as well, since the individual pressure sensors must be mounted separately.

Heat exchanging medium pressure measuring apparatus


The present invention provides multi-armed high MW polymers containing hydrophilic groups conjugated to Factor VIII, and methods of preparing such polymers.

Hemophilia A is a hereditary blood coagulation disorder caused by deficits of or mutations in Factor VIII (FVIII). Factor VIII is a crucial component in the intrinsic blood coagulation pathway. Deficiencies in Factor VIII cause increased bleeding. Hemophilia A is X linked and is observed in males at about 1 in 5000.
Hemophilia A patients are currently treated by intravenous administration of full length recombinant human FVIII. Treatment may be prophylactic or as necessitated in response to an injury causing bleeding. The half-life of Factor VIII in humans is relatively short, typically on the order of 11 hours. Hence, frequent dosages on the order of three times a week are required for effective treatment. However, such frequent dosing, typically via infusion, is undesirable, necessitating frequent visits to a clinic or other healthcare provider. Moreover, such frequent dosing may diminish patient compliance with prescribed dosing regimes.
Another drawback with current Factor VIII treatment is that some 25 to 30% of Factor VIII treated patients develop antibodies to FVIII. Patients with high levels of circulating anti-Factor VIII antibodies cannot be successfully treated with current Factor VIII therapeutics. Such patients require a more expensive treatment regime involving Factor Vila and immune tolerance therapy.
The efficacy of a therapeutic agent may be enhanced by improving its bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties. One approach to improving bioavailability has been PEGylation. PEGylation involves the addition of polyethylene glycol chains to a drug, typically a protein. A reduction in immunogenicity or antigenicity, increased half-life, increased solubility, decreased clearance by the kidney and decreased enzymatic degradation have been attributed to PEG conjugates. As a result of these attributes, it has been reported that PEG conjugates of certain biologically active agents sometimes require less frequent dosing and may permit the use of less of the active agent to achieve a therapeutic endpoint. Less frequent dosing is generally desirable because it reduces the overall number of injections, which can be painful and which require inconvenient visits to healthcare professionals.
Although some success has been achieved with PEG conjugation, "PEGylation" of biologically active agents remains a challenge. As drug developers progress beyond very potent agonistic proteins such as erythropoietin and the various interferons, potential benefits of the PEG hydrophilic polymer in increased solubility, stability and bioavailability do not sufficiently compensate for increased viscosity and immunogenicity.
PEGylation of FVIII has not been observed to significantly increase the half-life of the conjugate in vivo.
Thus there remains a need for FVIII drugs with increased in vivo half-life while retaining sufficient biological activity.

Factor VIII zwitterionic polymer conjugates


An FM text-based multiplex broadcasting receiver includes a memory in which an identity code is written, a determining circuit for determining whether or not an identity code which coincides with the identity code written in the memory is contained in the received broadcast, a device for disclosing a keyword having a one-to-one correspondence with the identity code written in the memory, and a display element which cannot receive information services based on data that requires a contract when the determining circuit does not detect that the identity code written in the memory is contained in the received broadcast and which displays information based on data that requires a contract when the determining circuit detects that the identity code written in the memory is contained in the received broadcast.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a receiver for receiving text-based multiplex broadcasts such as FM text-based multiplex broadcasts.
2. Description of the Related Art
In Japan, for example, FM broadcasts called "FM text-based multiplex broadcast" are realized in which character information data or the like is multiplexed and transmitted together with the original audio broadcast program. Meanwhile, FM receivers for receiving these broadcasts and displaying character information on a display device, such as a liquid crystal display device (LCD), are also commercially available.
Such FM text-based multiplex broadcast, in whose development the NHK Broadcasting Technology Research Institute has played a key role, includes the capacity for mobile reception in an automobile or the like, and is called a DARC (DAta Radio Channel) method. The multiplexing standard for digital data, such as character information, is as follows: a subcarrier frequency of 76 kHz, a transmission rate of 16 kilobits per second, a modulation method of LMSK (Level-Controlled Minimum Shift Keying), and an error correction method using a (272, 190) compacted difference set cyclic code.
Program services such as character information can be classified into levels 1, 2 and 3. In all three cases, character information is displayed using a dot display. In level 1, the information is provided as character information targeted as a service for a receiver capable of displaying 15.5 characters.times.2.5 lines, including a header. In level 2, the information is provided as characters or figures targeted as a service adopting a receiver capable of displaying 15.5 characters.times.8.5 lines, including a header. Level 3 is for traffic information services provided for receivers capable of displaying detailed maps from a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory) or the like, namely, navigation systems.
Level 1 program services can be utilized for news, weather forecasts, traffic information, entertainment, main supplemental programs and the like. Entertainment would include services providing fortune telling, messages from listeners, quizzes, town information and the like.
A main supplemental program provides information for supplementing a program such as the song name, performers name and telephone and fax numbers for requests when the original audio broadcast program is, for example, a music program. The main supplemental programs will be hereinafter referred to as "program information" or "program linkage".
In addition to the above services, "emergency information" may also be provided as required at the time of emergencies.
FIG. 3 shows the frame structure of an LMSK signal which is multiplexed in the FM text-based multiplex broadcast of a DARC method. One frame of this LMSK signal is comprised of 272 blocks, with each block comprising 288 bits.
One frame comprising 272 blocks is divided into 190 data packet blocks and 82 vertical parity packet blocks, with the vertical parity packet blocks being distributed and transmitted.
A 16-bit BIC (Block Identity Code) is attached to the head of each block. Four kinds of BIC are used for distinguishing each of the parity packets, and thus the heads of the frames can be discerned.
The data packet block has a 176-bit data packet following the BIC, after which a 14-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) code is added, followed by an 82-bit horizontal parity check code. The CRC code is attached for detecting residual errors after error correction using a product code. The vertical parity packet block is provided to have a 272-bit vertical parity packet following the BIC.
Each data packet comprises a 32-bit prefix followed by a 144-bit data block, as shown in the upper portion of FIG. 4.
This prefix comprises a service identity code, a decode identity flag, an information end flag, a renewal flag, a program number, a page number, a data link code and a data packet number, as shown in the lower portion of FIG. 4.
The service identity code consists of 4 bits and is for discerning the program contents and the like. Regarding level 1, "1" is general information for sequential reception processing, "2" is general information for recording and reception processing, and "4" is for traffic information.
Sequential reception processing is a mode for the receiver starting decoding processing for displaying on receipt of the first data packet of the program data or the page data. Recording and reception processing is a mode for not starting decoding processing for displaying until all of the data for the program data or the page data are received and recorded and then error correction is carried out the CRC code for every data group.
Sequential reception processing is carried out for a program where the information must be transmitted with preparation of suitable display timing on the receiving side or for a program where the information will not be displayed in time if the decoding processing is started after the last packet of the data group is obtained.
In the prefix, the decode identity flag is one bit, and is "1" when the error correction circuit for the receiver outputs data by decoding in the horizontal direction only, and "0" when the data is output after decoding in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
Sequential reception processing when the decode identity flag is "0" is defined in such a manner that decoding processing for displaying each of the data packets is carried out at the time when the receiver receives the BIC at the head of the 302nd packet from receipt of the BIC at the head of the first data packets.
The information end flag is one bit and is "1" when transmission of a data group with a certain data group number is completed, and "0" when this is not the case. The renewal flag is two bits, and is incremented by one every time a data group is updated. The program number is 8 bits, and the page number is 6 bits, with the data group number being formed using both of these items.
The program number is from 0 to 255, the "main menu" being assigned to "1", the main supplement program (program information or program linkage) being assigned to "254" and emergency information being assigned to "255".
The program number is from 1 to 62, i.e., one program can have a maximum of 62 pages. One page corresponds to one to four of the data groups, with one data group comprising one or a plurality of data blocks.
The data link code is 2 bits and is used for linking each group of the divided data group. When the data is so large that the number of the data packets belonging to one data group exceeds the maximum value of the data packet number, the data group is divided into a maximum of 4 groups with different data link codes. The data group is then transmitted with the divided groups of the same group number and different data link codes being linked in the order of the code numbers 0.fwdarw.1.fwdarw.2.fwdarw.3.
The data packet number is 8 bits long, and is aligned in sequence from 0. The data packet number indicates the sequence of the data packets in one program. That is, the data packet indicates in which position the data packet is placed in one program.
Therefore, in the same program, the service identity code and the program number become the same. Or, in a plurality of data packets, if the service identity code and the program number are the same, the data packet is a packet which forms the same program.
At level 1, one page is usually displayed in the form of 15.5 characters.times.2.5 lines, but can also be displayed in the form of 15.5 characters.times.8.5 lines. Further, in this case, the character data is for displaying characters defined by JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) code.
As described above and as shown in FIG. 5, the receiver compatible with level 1 has, for example, an LCD (liquid crystal display device) 1 having a display screen 1a capable of displaying 15.5 characters.times.2.5 lines. The 15.5 characters by 2 lines portion 1b of the lower portion of the display screen 1a is for displaying text and the 0.5 line portion 1c of the upper portion is a header text display screen.
The receiver receives a stereo composite signal and an LMSK signal, and decodes the character data from this LMSK signal to write the data in a buffer memory.
A "main menu" key is provided at the receiver and the receiver displays the main menu on the display screen 1a as a result of the manipulation of this key, in the way shown in FIG. 6A. FIG. 6A shows characters "1. PROGRAM INFORMATION" and "2. NEWS AND SPORTS" displayed as the first page of the main menu extending over a plurality of pages or the first 2.5 lines of a page of a text in an 8.5 lines display format.
Displayed in the header section are the broadcasting station name 1d which is broadcasting the FM text-based multiplex broadcast that is currently being received by this FM receiver, the service (company) name 1e of the FM text-based multiplex broadcast, and the menu name 1f.
The receiver is further provided with a "page (screen) scroll" key. By operating this key, "3. WEATHER FORECAST" and "4. TRAFFIC INFORMATION" of the next page or the next two lines of text of a page in the 8.5 line display format are displayed on the display screen 1a, as shown in FIG. 6B.
When the user decides upon the number of an item that the user wishes to see from the main menu, then the menu of the selected item is further made to be displayed. For example, when the user selects "3. WEATHER FORECAST" from within the main menu, then the contents "1. TODAY'S WEATHER 2. TOMORROW'S WEATHER" are displayed, as shown in FIG. 6C.
Further, when the user decides upon the number of an item that the user wishes to see from within the menu, then the first page of the selected item is shown. For example, when the user selects "1. TODAY'S WEATHER" from the menu, specific character information relating to the "1. TODAY'S WEATHER" is displayed, as shown in FIG. 6D.
FIGS. 6A to 6D show displays in Japanese in compliance with the JIS standard. For reference, the displays of FIGS. 6A to 6D in English are shown in FIG. 7A to 7D, respectively (in the DARC method, display and transmission in only English is not yet performed; however, there is a possibility that transmission compatible with an English display will be performed in the future).
The above describes a case in which FM text-based multiplex broadcasting provides a program of text information or the like. In the FM text-based multiplex broadcast, it is further envisioned that a paging system will be provided. Such paging system is a pay service offered to users individually who have signed a contract beforehand, and calls a user individually as a pager and provides stock prices, horse racing information, specific news, and the like.
In this paging system, as shown in FIG. 8A, each data packet is made up of a prefix of 16 bits and a data block of 160 bits. The prefix, as shown in FIG. 8B, is made up of a service identity code, a decoding identity flag, an information end flag, a renewal flag, a data group number, and a data packet number.
Data in which the service identity code and the data group number of the above elements are excluded is the same as that when a program service for the above-described character information is provided; when a paging system is to be provided, the service identity code is set at 11: paging information.
The data group number is 4 bits and indicates the data group in the paging system. In the case of the paging system, the data group is made up of one or more data blocks, as shown in FIG. 9A.
Further, the information in the case of the paging system is composed of information units called segments. Since a segment is usually smaller than a data block, as shown in FIG. 9B, one data group is formed of one or more segments, with the data group ending with a 16-bit CRC code for detecting errors of the data group. Since the length of the segment is arbitrary, when unnecessary bits occur between the end segment and the CRC code, those bits are set to "0" (null codes).
The segment, as shown in FIG. 9C, is made up of a segment header of 1 to 4 bytes and segment data of 1 or more bytes. The segment header, as shown in FIG. 9D, is made up of a segment identity code of 4 bits and segment length data formed by the remaining bits.
In this case, the segment identity code indicates the contents of the segment data, and the segment length data indicates the length of the segment data, namely, the number of bytes. The values of the segment identity codes and the contents indicated thereby are set as follows: 13: calling data, 10: alternate frequency information, 1: scramble information, and 9: common information.
When the contents of the segment data indicated by the segment identity code is calling data, the segment data, when users who have been registered beforehand are called individually or in group, is an identity code which specifies that user. Further, when information is to be sent to that user, the segment data has data relating to such information.
In the case of alternate frequency information, the segment data is alternate frequency information for paging information. In the case of scramble information, the segment data is scramble information for encryption. In the case of traffic information, the segment data is information common to all users.
When the contents of the segment data indicated by the segment identity code is calling data, the calling data (the segment data) is formed into a structure as shown in FIG. 10.
That is, the ID group identity code is 2 bytes in size and is, when the identity code which specifies the user is formed into a group, data which specifies the group. A message identity code (MID) is 2 bits in size and indicates whether or not a message (data) is attached to the identity code. The values and the contents the ID group identity code are set as follows: 0: a message is present in the identity code, 1: no message is present in the identity code, 2: undefined, and 3: undefined.
The number of calls indicates the number of users (the number of identity codes) to be called by this calling data. Following this number of calls, the identity codes of the users who are called actually are each written in the size of 3 bytes. FIG. 10 shows a case in which there are N users who are called at MID=0, and there are M users who are called at MID=1.
When MID=1, messages are sent to the M users respectively. The data which indicates the type of the contents for each message is a character type. This character type is 2 bits in size, and the values and the contents thereof are set as follows: 0: fixed-type message, 1: numeral.fixed-type message, 2: character (8-unit code system), and 3: binary data.
In such a case, when the character type is a fixed-type message, the remaining 6bytes is made to be data for selecting one of the plurality of fixed-type messages which are prepared beforehand, and no message is assumed to has been input.
When the character type is a numeral.multidot.fixed-type message, numerals and several kinds of symbols are represented by 4-bit codes, and a message is sent in 4-bit units. When the character type is a character, a message is sent mainly in characters of Kanji and the like, and when the character type is binary data, a message in binary data is sent. Further, for each character type, data indicating the data length of the message follows, as well as an actual message.
Therefore, if the following is performed, the user is able to individually receive information services. That is, a ROM in which the above-described identity code is written is provided in the FM receiver of the user. When calling data is received, the identity code contained in the calling data is compared with the identity code written in the ROM. When the result of the comparison is no match, no action is taken; however, when the comparison results in a match, a corresponding process is performed in accordance with the MID and the message.
In this way, the following services can be realized:
users are called individually PA1 messages are sent to the users individually, for example, information, such as stock prices, horse racing information, or specific news, is provided to a user who has signed a contract beforehand.
As described above, use of a paging system of an FM text-based broadcast makes it possible for a user who has signed a contract beforehand to receive information services individually.
However, in order to write an identity code in the ROM of the FM receiver, the user must bring or send that FM receiver to an information service agency having a ROM writer. Further, it is necessary for that agency to prepare a ROM writer. It is further necessary to train persons who are able to handle the ROM writer. Further, since an identity code is written in the incorporated ROM, the FM receiver must be provided with a connector for connection purposes. Thus, the number of parts of the receiver is increased, and the receiver becomes complex.

Receiver for receiving text-based multiplex broadcasts


A mechanical rotary steering drilling tool for steering a drill string includes a test section, a clutch device, a control mechanism, and an execution part. The test section is used as an upper joint in cooperation with the tool. The clutch device is externally connected with a guide body and internally coupled with a mandrel. A groove on a cylindrical surface of a switch control cylinder is matched with a control screw to determine rotation of a fluid channel switch. A pushing block of the execution part extends out against a wellbore wall to push a drill bit for steering drilling after the fluid channel is opened.

The demand for oil and gas is increasing as a result of economic development, with the depletion of global oil and gas resources of shallow layer recently. Oil and gas resources in the shallow layer are unable to satisfy the expanding needs, which demand drilling technology to develop in the direction of special process wells such as deep wells, ultra-deep wells, long distance and horizontal wells. Compared with conventional wells, the wells with special operation process can obtain larger oil and gas reservoir, by improving oil output and reducing costs. Considering economic factors, a rotary steering drilling method is used in special process wells to flexibly adjust the well inclination and azimuth, which obviously improves the drilling speed, guarantees drilling safety, and enhances the accuracy of the well trajectory. Rotary steering tools are very suitable for the development of special process wells due to increasing drilling speed, reducing or even avoiding drilling accidents, and effectively decreasing drilling costs. However, existing rotary steerable drilling systems are expensive and unreliable due to the presence of electronic equipment.
Therefore, achieving the directional drilling of the well trajectory quickly and efficiently at the lower cost is a technical problem that is urgently needed by engineering field.

Mechanical rotary steering drilling tool


An electric vehicle includes a rear frame, a rear axle fastened with the rear frame, a rear wheel mounted on the rear axle, and a driving mechanism mounted on the rear frame to drive both ends of the rear axle. The driving mechanism has a first motor for driving one end of the rear axle in conjunction with a first driven member and a first transmission member, and a second motor for driving the other end of the rear axle in conjunction with a second driven member and a second transmission member.

The conventional electric vehicle is generally operated by a motor having a relatively small horsepower, with the power source of the motor being a battery set. Such conventional electric vehicle as described above is inefficient at best in terms of performance, especially in an uphill situation. The operational inefficiency of the conventional electric vehicle is attributable to two factors, one of which is the small horsepower of the motor, with the other factor being the fact that only one end of a wheel axle is driven by the motor via a transmission member and a sprocket.

Driving mechanism of an electrically-operated vehicle


In a microprocessor having a load/store unit and prefetch hardware, the prefetch hardware includes a prefetch queue containing entries indicative of allocated data streams. A prefetch engine receives an address associated with a store instruction executed by the load/store unit. The prefetch engine determines whether to allocate an entry in the prefetch queue corresponding to the store instruction by comparing entries in the queue to a window of addresses encompassing multiple cache blocks, where the window of addresses is derived from the received address. The prefetch engine compares entries in the prefetch queue to a window of 2M contiguous cache blocks. The prefetch engine suppresses allocation of a new entry when any entry in the prefetch queue is within the address window. The prefetch engine further suppresses allocation of a new entry when the data address of the store instruction is equal to an address in a border area of the address window.

1. Field of the Present Invention
The present invention is in the field of microprocessors and, more particularly, processors that employ data prefetching.
2. History of Related Art
Hardware data prefetchers have been used in recent microprocessors to anticipate and mitigate the substantial latency associated with retrieving data from higher level caches and system memory. This latency, which is the total number of processor cycles required to retrieve data from memory, has been growing rapidly as processor frequencies have increased faster than system memory access times.
Stream hardware data prefetchers have been used to detect data streams. A stream may be defined as any sequence of storage accesses that reference a contiguous set of cache lines in a monotonically increasing or decreasing manner. In response to detecting a data stream, hardware prefetchers are configured to begin prefetching data up to a predetermined number of cache lines ahead of the data currently being processed.
Prior art stream prefetch mechanisms include support for software instructions to direct or control certain aspects of the prefetch hardware including instructions to define the beginning and the end of a software stream, when prefetching could be started, and the total number of outstanding L2 prefetches allowed at any time. While these instructions are useful, the most effective depth of prefetching in a high latency multi-processor system depends upon a number of factors such as the number of other streams currently being prefetched and the rate of consumption of each of those streams by the executing software programs. For example, the optimal prefetch depth in an environment where multiple code sequence are interleaving the access to ten streams of equal consumption rates would be smaller than the optimal depth of code that is accessing only one data stream, but with a much higher consumption rate. For the latter case, if the prefetch request rate is too low (i.e., the prefetch depth is too low), the performance of the code will be sub-optimal due to the exposed latency of not prefetching far enough ahead. As another example, a code sequence that includes two streams where one stream has a much higher consumption rate than the other stream will be difficult to optimize in conventional prefetching hardware that does not permit dynamic and stream-by-stream prefetch control. It would be desirable, therefore, to implement a microprocessor that included stream dependent prefetch control.

Store stream prefetching in a microprocessor

International Business Machines Corporation


A method, system and computer-usable medium are disclosed for persisting Lightweight Memory Trace (LMT) data across reboots of a system. One or more LMT traces are stored in a predetermined pinned memory area with a server's operating system (OS) through a system reboot. A pointer to each LMT is likewise stored in nonvolatile storage (NVS) at a known memory location. The pointers in NVS point to a page which describes where the LMT trace and other kernel structures are in real memory. During initialization, the OS guards these preserved pages to prevent them from being used. By keeping the current and prior address within NVS, the current LMT and prior traces can be retrieved and processed to determine the cause of the system reboot.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to the field of computers and similar technologies, and in particular to software utilized in this field. Still more particularly, it relates to a method, system and computer-usable medium for persisting Lightweight Memory Trace (LMT) data across reboots of a system.
2. Description of the Related Art
Known distributed computer systems typically include multiple computers such as application servers, e-commerce servers, web servers, database servers, and other servers. A web server interfaces to client computers via the Internet to provide various services to client computers. An e-commerce server is a web server that enables advertising, information about products, and the sale of products via the web. Other types of application servers interface to client computers via some type of network, such as the Internet, to make its associated applications available to client computers. Often times, a web server or other type of application server accesses a database server to obtain data such as web pages needed by client computers.
During the course of their operations, these various servers may experience a malfunction that requires rebooting the system to resolve. For example, a server may suddenly experience a thousand or more processes running simultaneously as a result of not being able to reach a target device. Once the system is rebooted, the processes are no longer running and the server is performing normally. However, determining the cause of the problem can often be challenging.
One approach to addressing this issue is analysis of information contained in a system dump, which typically consists of the recorded state of the working memory of a server at the time it functioned. While many server operating systems (OSs) provide a method to perform a full system dump, one may not have been performed prior to rebooting the server. There may be several reasons for this, such as the additional time required, the operator's inexperience in doing so, lack of documented procedures, or the reboot was automatically initiated at an application's request.


A lens barrel is provided and includes a barrel main body; lens frames supported by the barrel main body so as to be movable in the direction of an optical axis; a focus ring and a zoom ring which are rotatably supported by the barrel main body and move the lens frames in the direction of the optical axis; and a diaphragm device attached to the barrel main body. The focus ring and the zoom ring come into contact with a rotation regulatory section of the diaphragm device, whereby rotation of the focus ring and rotation of the zoom ring are regulated.

Operation rings, such as a focusing ring and a zoom ring, are rotatably provided around the outer periphery of the main body of a lens barrel of a surveillance camera which involves manual focusing operation, manual zooming operation, and the like. Focusing or zooming is performed by means of rotationally operating the operation ring (see, e.g., JP-A-2004-54186).
The lens barrel having such operation rings is provided with rotation regulation means for regulating rotational ranges of the operation rings. The rotation regulation means is formed from, e.g., a rotation regulatory pin projectingly provided on the operation ring, and a groove for the main body of the barrel with which the pin is engaged. As a result of the pin coming into contact with the end of the groove, the rotational range of the operation ring is regulated. The pin for use in regulating rotation is usually formed into a self-tapping screw. The pin is fastened as a result of being screwed into the operation ring made of resin.
However, the related-art lens barrel has the potential risk of the rotation regulation pin being fixed in an inclined manner when the pin is inserted into the operation ring. When the pin is fixed in an inclined manner, the operation angle of the operation ring becomes inaccurate, and there arises a problem of focusing or zooming being adversely affected.
Since the related-art lens barrel requires the rotation regulatory pin and the groove, there exists a problem of the lens barrel becoming bulky or an increase arising in the cost of the lens barrel.


Device for improving the production of heat by cogeneration comprising a hot source producing steam which is expanded in a turbine the exhaust of which is connected to an air condenser (4) which removes heat, and comprising at least one second auxiliary condenser (5) in the form of a water condenser, the cooling liquid of this water condenser (5) being directed to a plant or equipment (B) in which its heat is extracted and used, then the liquid is returned to the water condenser; the water condenser (5) is incorporated into the air condenser (4).

The present invention relates to a device for producing heat by cogeneration comprising a heat source, a steam turbine and a condenser situated at the exhaust of the turbine.
Cogeneration consists in simultaneously producing electricity and heat from a steam turbine, a gas turbine or a heat engine.
On a steam turbine, the heat can be extracted in the form of steam, taken by steam outlet between two rows of fins of the rotor at a pressure which makes it possible to power a steam-water heat exchanger. The position of the steam outlet on the body of a turbine makes it possible to take a certain quantity of steam at a variable pressure level depending on the use of the steam. The heat produced by the steam-water exchanger is then used directly or indirectly to heat premises or for various industrial applications.
The steam taken at a turbine steam outlet reduces the production of electricity over the fraction of steam that does not leave via the exhaust of the turbine at close to vacuum pressure. The loss of electrical production depends on the flow rate and outlet pressure.
At the outlet of the turbine, the steam condenser is used to transform the steam from the gaseous phase to liquid phase (condensate), and allows for looping of the closed energy-transformation cycle by returning the condensates to the heat source.
The steam condensers are heat exchangers used to condense the steam, in the form of H2O gas, into liquid water. It will be recalled that, during the condensation of the steam, the latent heat of transformation of the gaseous phase to liquid phase releases a significant energy, called the latent heat of condensation. This condensation phenomenon is reversible, and the counterpart is the evaporation of the water. The steam/water condensers are heat exchangers widely used in the field of static or dynamic heating.
In thermodynamic applications, the condensers constitute the "cold" source of the closed cycle. Several types of condensers can be distinguished.
The air condenser is a condenser which uses as coolant the ambient air or a gas. The air passes through exchange bodies comprising fins and the flow of air is mechanical. Air condensers operate within a pressure range that is very slightly positive and often negative relative to atmospheric pressure.
The hydrocondenser is a condenser which uses as coolant water or a liquid solution. These appliances are used in thermal power plants, their high heat exchange capacity making it possible to improve the performance levels of the thermodynamic cycle. The water passes through an exchanger with tubular surface or with plates.
The condenser is engineered and configured to allow for the condensation of all the steam obtained from the turbine or from the desuperheated expansion of the steam produced by a steam generator. The coolant of the condenser takes away, in the form of heat, a significant quantity of energy which is dissipated into the natural environment (air or water) and consequently lost. In general, the energy dissipated by the condenser represents approximately 50% of the primary energy consumed.
WO 2005/119014 relates to an installation for jointly producing electrical energy and heat, for example for heating greenhouses. The steam leaving the low-pressure stage of a turbine is partly directed to an air condenser, and the rest is directed to a hydrocondenser. The arrangement of the various units has to be improved as much for the recovery of energy as for space occupancy.

Cogeneration device including hydrocondenser


A power axle for assisting an automotive vehicle in ascending and descending steep slopes and grades includes an electromagnetic motor mounted to one floating axle of the vehicle, a junction box mounted to and electrically connected to the electromagnetic motor, a DC/AC power inverter mounted to the cab interposed between and for electrically interconnecting the vehicle's battery to the electromagnetic motor for powering the motor from the battery and control switches mounted on the dashboard and which include an on/off switch and a speed control dial for regulating and controlling the interaction and engagement of the electromagnetic motor with the floating axle of the vehicle.

Private, public, and commercial automotive vehicles of all types—delivery trucks, semi-truck trailers, tractor-trailers, buses, recreational vehicles, construction equipment, etc.—are all expensive to operate and maintain, especially in the difficult contemporary economic conditions. Regular mechanical maintenance costs, fuel costs, permits, licensing, etc., make the owning and operation of such vehicles an expensive proposition. One of the driving conditions that causes considerable wear on the vehicle occurs during the ascent of the vehicle up a steep slope, grade, hill or incline of the descent of the vehicle down the steep slope, grade, hill or incline. Such conditions occur when the vehicle is traversing, for example, mountainous terrain. When ascending the slope extra power must be expended in pulling the vehicle up the ascent while, on the other hand, during the descent the operator must continually apply the brakes (or brake), thereby resulting in increased wear and fatigue on the entire braking system. Thus, it would be desirable to conceive of a device or apparatus that assists in the ascent and descent of the vehicle thereby saving maintenance and fuel costs and also reducing the strain and fatigue to the vehicle's mechanical systems, primarily the braking system.
For example, the Hattori et al. patent (U.S. Pat. No. 6,225,713 B1) discloses an electromagnetic force motor and also a method of manufacturing the force motor.
The Chen patent (U.S. patent no. 2003/0201692 A1) discloses a magnet motor device that includes a power perpetual magnet for generating repelling torque and which can be coupled to the driven motor of a bicycle, motorcycle, or car.
The Pal patent (U.S. Pat. No. 7,017,696 B2) discloses a two-wheeled electric vehicle with a ring like, large, powered parallel wheels with at least one of the ring like wheels being driven by a large toroidal electric motor.
The Pal patent (U.S. Pat. No. 7,284,628 B2) discloses a vehicle with a zero turning radius employing a minimum of two generally parallel matching annular wheels mounted with independent pneumatic toroidal suspensions fixed coaxially on a chassis.
The Wilt, Jr. et al. patent (U.S. Pat. No. 7,291,944 B2) discloses an electromagnetic-engine that includes an inner motor and an outer motor with both motors having magnets of opposite polarity mounted thereon.
Nonetheless, despite the ingenuity of the above devices, there remains a need for a power axle that can be factory installed or retrofitted to floating axle of a commercial vehicle such as semi-truck trailer.


A backside interconnect structure is used to deliver power through the substrate to the front side of an integrated circuit. One or more power planes are formed on the backside of the substrate and coupled to power nodes on the front side by deep vias in the substrate. In a specific embodiment of the invention, power planes are coupled through the substrate to front side metal lines, well taps and external connection points. Placing power planes on the opposite side of the substrate from the signal interconnects allows the use of low dielectric constant materials between signal lines, while using high dielectric constant materials between power planes thus increasing decoupling capacitance without increasing parasitic capacitance between signal lines.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to integrated circuit manufacturing, and more particularly to interconnection structures that include the substrate of an integrated circuit and methods for making the same.
2. Background
Advances in semiconductor process technology and digital system architecture have led to integrated circuits having increased operating frequencies. Higher operating frequencies typically result in undesirable increases in power consumption. Power consumption is a significant problem for integrated circuits (ICs) generally, and particularly for large scale, complex, high speed products such as processors and microprocessors.
Nonetheless, the trend of integrating more functions on a single chip, while operating at ever higher frequencies goes on unabated.
One well-known way to reduce power consumption is by reducing the power supply voltage used by integrated circuits. Unfortunately, reduced operating voltages result in design constraints with respect to noise margin, and require greater care, and typically more area, in the layout of power distribution lines. More area is typically required for widening of the power distribution lines in order to reduce resistance and thus reduce undesirable voltage drops.
What is needed is an interconnect structure for integrated circuits that reduces the noise margin and voltage drop constraints commonly found in integrated circuits having low power supply voltages. What is further needed is a method of manufacturing such a structure.
Briefly, a backside interconnect structure is used to deliver power through the substrate to the front side of an integrated circuit.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, power planes are formed on the back side of a substrate, and a series of deep vias through the substrate are used to couple the power planes to front side metal lines, and to well taps.

Substrate interconnect for power distribution on integrated circuits