The present invention relates to thienopyrimidine compounds which are potassium channel inhibitors. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and their use in the treatment of arrhythmia are also described.

Ion channels are proteins that span the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and provide an aqueous pathway through which specific ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl− can pass (Herbert, 1998). Potassium channels represent the largest and most diverse sub-group of ion channels and they play a central role in regulating the membrane potential and controlling cellular excitability (Armstrong & Hille, 1998). Potassium channels have been categorized into gene families based on their amino acid sequence and their biophysical properties (for nomenclature see Gutman et al., 2003).
Compounds which modulate potassium channels have multiple therapeutic applications in several disease areas including cardiovascular, neuronal, auditory, renal, metabolic and cell proliferation (Shieh et al., 2000; Ford et al., 2002). More specifically potassium channels such as Kv4.3, Kir2.1, hERG, KCNQ1/minK, and Kv1.5 are involved in the repolarisation phase of the action potential in cardiac myocytes. These potassium channels subtypes have been associated with cardiovascular diseases and disorders including long QT syndrome, hypertrophy, ventricular fibrillation, and atrial fibrillation, all of which can cause cardiac failure and fatality (Marban, 2002).
The human delayed rectifier voltage gated potassium channel subunit, Kv1.5, is exclusively expressed in atrial myocytes and is believed to offer therapeutic opportunities for the management of atrial fibrillation for several different reasons (see review of Brendel and Peukert, 2002): (i) There is evidence that Kv1.5 underlies the cardiac ultrarapid delayed rectifier (Kv(ur)) physiological current in humans due to similar biophysical and pharmacological properties (Wang et al., 1993; and Fedida et al., 1993). This has been supported with antisense oligonucleotides to Kv1.5 which have been shown to reduce Kv(ur) amplitude in human atrial myocytes (Feng et al., 1997). (ii) electrophysiological recordings have demonstrated that Kv(ur) is selectively expressed in atrial myocytes, and therefore avoids inducing potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmia through interfering with ventricular repolarisation (Amos et al., 1996; Li et al., 1996; and Nattel, 2002). (iii) Inhibiting Kv(ur) in atrial fibrillation-type human atrial myocytes prolonged the action potential duration compared to normal healthy human atrial myocytes (Courtemanche et al., 1999). (iv) Prolonging the action potential duration by selectively inhibiting Kv1.5 could present safer pharmacological interventions for protecting against atrial re-entrant arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter compared to traditional class III antiarrythmics, by prolonging the atrial refractory period while leaving ventricular refractoriness unaltered (Nattel et al., 1999, Knobloch et al., 2002; and Wirth et al., 2003). Class III antiarrythmics have been widely reported as a preferred method for treating cardiac arrhythmias (Colatsky et al., 1990).
Traditional and novel class III antiarrythmic potassium channel blockers have been reported to have a mechanism of action by directly modulating Kv1.5 or Kv(ur). The known class III antiarrythmics ambasilide (Feng et al., 1997), quinidine (Wang et al., 1995), clofilium (Malayev et al., 1995) and bertosamil (Godreau et al., 2002) have all been reported as potassium channel blockers of Kv(ur) in human atrial myocytes. The novel benzopyran derivative, NIP-142, blocks Kv1.5 channels, prolongs the atrial refractory period and terminates atrial fibrillation and flutter in in vivo canine models (Matsuda et al., 2001), and 59947 inhibited Kv1.5 stably expressed in both Xenopus oocytes and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and Kv(ur) in native rat and human cardiac myocytes (Bachmann et al., 2001). Elsewhere, other novel potassium channel modulators which target Kv1.5 or Kv(ur) have been described for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, these include biphenyls (Peukert et al 2003), thiophene carboxylic acid amides (WO0248131), bisaryl derivatives (WO0244137, WO0246162), carbonamide derivatives (WO0100573, WO0125189) anthranillic acid amides (WO2002100825, WO02088073, WO02087568), dihydropyrimidines (WO0140231), cycloakyl derivatives (WO03063797), indane derivatives (WO0146155 WO9804521), tetralin benzocycloheptane derivatives (WO9937607), thiazolindone and metathiazanone derivatives (WO9962891), benzamide derivatives (WO0025774), isoquinoline derivatives (WO0224655), pyridazinones derivatives (WO9818475 WO9818476), chroman derivatives (WO9804542), benzopyran derivatives (WO0121610, WO03000675, WO0121609, WO0125224, WO02064581), benzoxazine derivatives (WO0012492), and the novel compound A1998 purified from Ocean material (Xu & Xu, 2000). General voltage gated potassium channel inhibitors have been reported which could also modulate Kv1.5 (U.S. Ser. No. 05/753,676, U.S. Ser. No. 05/821,251, EP0743936B).
Thienopyrimidines have been reported to be useful as anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-osteoporosis and anti-microbial agents, and as cardiovascular agents (acting through modulation of the phosphodiesterase group of enzymes or through modulation of the sodium/proton exchange system) amongst others.
Thieno[2,3-d]-pyrimidines substituted in the 4-position with an optionally substituted benzylamine or phenethylamine moiety and in the 5-position with a methyl group may serve as anti-inflammatory or anti-osteoporosis agents (Katada et al., 1999). Such compounds were shown to modulate the activity of several cell types including leukocytes, which originate from hematopoietic precursor cells in the bone marrow. Increased activity in leukocytes can lead to various inflammatory diseases; therefore compounds cytotoxic to leukocytes could function as anti-inflammatory drugs. Such compounds are thought to suppress cellular activity by binding to integrins on the surface of leukocytes and preventing downstream cellular signalling events. Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines substituted in the 4-position with heteroarylthiols, aryl thiols, arylmethyl thiols, heteroarylamines, benzylamine, hydroxyl and chloro groups may also be useful anti-inflammatory agents (Stewart et al., 2001). This series of compounds were shown to inhibit induced expression of cell adhesion molecules on the luminal surface of vascular endothelial thus preventing the adhesion of leukocytes at the site of inflammation.
Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with a substituted hydrazine in the 4-position and a phenyl group in the 5 position (Hozien et al., 1996), tetrahydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines (Ismail et al., 1995), thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines which have a hydrogen, chloro, hydrazine, heterocyclyl, amino, methyl, ethyl or phenyl group in the 2-position, an alkylamino, alkylarylamino, amino, dialkylamino or hydrazino substituent in the 4-position, a hydrogen or methyl group in the 5-position, a hydrogen, methyl acetamide or phenyl group in the 6-position or a tetramethylene in the 5,6-position (GB7549025), and the lead series of 5-phenyl- and 5,6-tetramethylenethieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with methyl or phenyl in the 2-position and alkylamino or arylamino in the 4-position (Konno et al., 1989) have all been shown to have anti-microbial activity. Tetrahydrobenzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine with the 2-oxo-3-pyrrolidinylmethylene-hydrazino moiety in the 4-position showed some herbicidal activity against velvet leaf (Ram et al., 1981). It has also been reported that 4-chlorotetrahydrobenzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine is herbicidal, tetrahydrobenzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with a thiol, hydrazine, 2-fluoroanilino, 3-fluoroanilino or 4-diethylanilino substituent in the 4-position are bactericidal against Streptococcus fecales and tetrahyrobenzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with a 2,4-dichlorobenzylamino or 2-fluoroanilino substituent in the 4-position are fungicidal against Pythium (Ram, 1979). Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with a hydrogen, hydroxyl, thiol, halogen or cyano group in the 2-position, alkylamino, arylalkylamino or hydroxyalkyl amino groups in the 4-position, a hydrogen, alkyl or halogen in the 5- and/or 6-position or alkylene in the 5,6-position have been reported as tick-control agents (AU 521790).
Elsewhere, tetrahydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines exhibited anti-tumour activity (Shehata et al., 1996) and analgesic activity half that of aspirin (Moneer et al., 1994), a series of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with 4-alkylamino or arylamino, 5-H or 5-methyl, 6-methyl or 5,6-tetramethylene were shown to have potential as anticytokinins (Jordis et al., 1986), a series of 5,6-dimethyl-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines and 5,6-tetramethylenethieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines, both substituted in the 2-position with arylamines or heterocyclic amines and in the 4-position with arylamines displayed blood platelet aggregation inhibiting properties (DD 226893), pyrano- and thiopyrano[3,4-b]thieno[5,4-d]pyrimidines with the 4-position substituted with amino, butylamine, aniline, cyclohexylamine, benzylamine, phenethylamine and 2-hydroxyethylamine have been reported to exhibit anticonvulsive activity (Noravyan et al., 1977), and 4-[(Benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazolyl-4)amino]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzothieno-(2,3-d)-pyrimidine has been reported to possess anthelmintic activity in larval alveolar echinococcosis (RU 2116309).
Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with a substituted amino group at the 4-position, hydrogen, alkyl or halo substitution at the 5 and 6-positions and an alkyl chain at the 2-position are claimed to be inhibitors of phosphodiesterase V and useful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and for disturbances in potency (DE10104802).
Elsewhere, 5-alkyl thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines with a piperazinyl substituent at the 4-position were found to be inhibitors of the sodium/proton exchanger and useful in the treatment of various cardiovascular disorders, including angina pectoris and arrhythmia (WO 01/27107).
4-[(phenyl)amino]-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines bearing a 5-thiophenyl substituent and a 2-methyl substituent were found to have molluscicidal activity (Hosni et al, Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica, 1999, 56(1), 49-56).
Recently thienopyrimidines have also been reported as potent VEGFR inhibitors (Munchhof, 2004).
Several publications disclose compounds which are indicated as acting on potassium channels. Thus, U.S. Pat. No. 6,531,495 discloses 2′-aminomethylbiphenyl-2-carboxamides, WO2002/100825 discloses anthranillic acid amides as antiarrhythmics and WO2002/036556 discloses acylaminoalkylbenzenesulfonamides as cardiovascular agents.
Thienopyrimidine compounds that are useful as potassium channel inhibitors, particularly for inhibiting potassium channels Kv1.5 or Kv(ur), are reported in WO 2004/111057.

Thieno [2, 3-D] pyrimidine derivatives and their use to treat arrhythmia


A method for carrying an object to be processed used for a processing apparatus which comprises a plurality of process chambers including a specific process chamber for a process in which the object in process is easily contaminated and a carrying mechanism having two picks. The method includes a plurality of carrying steps wherein the object in process is sequentially carried from one chamber to another among the plurality of process chambers. One of the two picks is used in carrying steps up right before carrying the object into the specific process chamber, and the other pick is used in the step of carrying the object into the specific process chamber and the later carrying steps.

Generally, when manufacturing a semiconductor device, a process for forming various thin films, a reforming process, an oxidation/diffusion process, an annealing process, an etching process and the like are sequentially and repeatedly carried out on a semiconductor wafer. For example, multilayer thin films can be formed on a semiconductor wafer.
For example, in a single wafer processing system, a plurality of process chambers is connected in common to a single transfer chamber in order to continuously perform the above various processes, thereby forming a so-called cluster processing apparatus. Further, a semiconductor wafer is transferred, so to speak, from one processing space to another, thereby sequentially and efficiently performing necessary processes in respective process chambers.
An example of a conventional processing system including such a cluster processing apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. 7.
As shown in FIG. 7, the processing system has a vacuum processing apparatus, wherein four process chambers 104A to 104D are connected to a common transfer chamber 102 of, e.g., a hexagon shape via gate valves 106, respectively. Further, a rectangular shaped loading transfer chamber 110 is connected to the common transfer chamber 102 via two load lock chambers 108A and 108B.
Gate valves 106 are interposed in coupling portions between the load lock chambers 108A and 108B and the common transfer chamber 102 and in coupling portions between the load lock chambers 108A and 108B and the loading transfer chamber 110, respectively. Further, coupled to the loading transfer chamber 110 are, e.g., three introduction ports 112 for mounting a cassette capable of accommodating plural sheets of semiconductor wafers and an orienter 114 for performing a position alignment of a semiconductor wafer W.
In addition, installed in the loading transfer chamber 110 is a loading carrying mechanism 116 which has two picks 116A and 116B for supporting the semiconductor wafer W and is contractible, extensible, revolvable, straightly movable vertically and horizontally. Further, disposed in the common transfer chamber 102 is a carrying mechanism 118 which has two picks 118A and 118B for supporting the semiconductor wafer W and is contractible, extensible and revolvable.
Herein, supposing that processes are performed on the semiconductor wafer W in respective process chambers 104A to 104D in that order, the semiconductor wafer W is transferred from the introduction port 112 as indicated by arrows. That is, the wafer W is transferred from, e.g., the central introduction port 112 to the orienter 114 while being supported by the pick 116A or 116B of the loading carrying mechanism 116. The position of the wafer W is aligned in the orienter 114 and then supported again by the pick 116A or 116B to be transferred into any one of the load lock chambers, e.g., the load lock chamber 108A. The wafer W transferred into the load lock chamber 108A is sequentially transferred from one chamber to another to pass through the respective process chambers 104A to 104D in that order by the pick 118A or 118B of the carrying mechanism 118 in the common transfer chamber 102. Necessary processes are carried out on the wafer W in the respective process chambers 104A to 104D. Then, the wafer W on which various processes have been completely performed is unloaded into the loading transfer chamber 110 via any one of the load lock chambers, e.g., the other load lock chamber 108B in this case and, thereafter, returns to the original introduction port 112.
In the respective carrying mechanisms 116 and 118, one of two picks is kept empty to improve a throughput. A wafer already mounted or accommodated in a place is picked up by an empty pick to thereby make the place empty. Then, a wafer supported by the other pick is mounted or accommodated in the above empty place. Accordingly, the wafers are smoothly exchanged, thereby improving the throughput.
Furthermore, as a conventional technique for preventing cross contamination, there is a processing system including a plurality of process chambers and a carrying mechanism having a plurality of picks being assigned to each process chamber (see, for example, pages 3 and 4, FIGS. 1 and 2 of Japanese Patent Laid-open Application No. H7-122612). In accordance with the technique, contaminants generated in any step (process chamber) do not affect other steps even though a wafer is transferred between process chambers.

Method for carrying object to be processed


A device includes a housing, a rotatable platform, and a lift assembly supported by the housing and coupled to lift the rotatable platform above a working surface of the housing, the rotatable platform configured to support a checkout module and rotate the checkout module between a self-checkout position and an assisted checkout position.

Consumers are increasingly using kiosks to conduct business with enterprises. The kiosks come in a variety of sizes and are used for a variety of purposes. Some kiosks are drive through, such as fast food establishments, pharmacies, banks, and the like. Other kiosks are stationary located in gas stations, grocery stores, department stores, and the like.
Store kiosks were originally created to alleviate the need for excessive store personnel to check out the customers from stores. For the most part this worked and stores reduced the number of costly cashiers employed by the stores. However, more often than not, the bottleneck in stores may be at self-checkout kiosks. While customers attempt to use them properly, store personnel are often needed to assist the customers in using them. Meanwhile, full service checkout lanes are diminishing from the stores in greater numbers.
In short, self-checkout kiosks are the victim of their own success because the popularity has been so well received the traditional model and the self-checkout kiosks may become a bottleneck in stores during heavy customer demand periods.


The present invention relates to a mobile device and a control method therefor. A mobile device according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a memory which stores a first application and a second application; a user interface module which receives specific time information and specific location information according to the first application stored in the memory; a display module which displays a schedule including the received specific time information and specific location information; and a controller which controls the memory, the user interface module, and the display module, wherein the controller performs control so as to execute the second application stored in the memory, receive additional information on the specific location according to the executed second application, and change the schedule on the basis of the received additional information.

A mobile device can install a specific essential application in the mobile device in an embedded form or download various applications in a memory. Recently, a user of the mobile device frequently uses a "calendar"-related application capable of easily managing a schedule. As mentioned in the foregoing description, the calendar-related application can also be stored in the memory at the time of manufacturing the mobile device or is designed to be downloaded or deleted to/from the memory according to the necessity of a user.
Yet, a schedule-related application or a calendar-related application according to a legacy technology has a problem that the application provides a user with a function based on information directly inputted by the user only. Although the present specification mainly explains a schedule-related application or a calendar-related application applied to a mobile device, the present invention can also be applied to a tablet PC, a laptop, a TV, or other display device rather than the mobile device.

Mobile device and control method therefor


A jointer/planer with an internal sawdust collection system, includes a machine frame having a board inlet end and a board outlet end, a rotating cutter mounted to the frame for rotation in an axis located transverse to a board feed direction, a dust collector hood disposable on the frame in a first position for jointing, and a second position for planning, a dust collecting impeller disposed in an impeller housing on the frame, a conduit having a first end in communication with the hood and a second end in communication with the impeller housing regardless of being in the first position or the second position, and a power source associated with the frame and constructed and arranged for powering the cutter and the impeller.

The present application relates to powered woodworking machines, such as jointer/planers, and specifically to such machines having associated sawdust collection systems.
In woodworking, jointers are used for providing a square or level edge to boards, and also for gradually reducing the thickness of stock wood to desired dimensions. Jointers are used with a fixed position, rotating cutter located between two adjacent jointer beds. One of the beds is fixed relative to the cutter, and the other bed is adjustable in height relative to the other and the fixed cutter to adjust the amount of material removed with each pass of the subject board. The user places the board upon the bed and pushes it over the cutter, which works the lower edge of the wood. A fence is typically provided to create a square edge.
A planer is typically referred to as a wood leveling or reducing device used for cleaning up rough faces or creating uniform board thickness, such as leveling bowed or warped boards or otherwise reducing thickness. Planers are typically provided with a fixed position rotating cutter which works on an upper edge of a board as it is fed through the machine upon a planer bed. The bed can be raised or lowered relative to the cutter using a crank. This vertical adjustment is for regulating the thickness of the desired board after planing.
Combined jointer/planers are available, in which the same cutter is used for both jointing and planing. Such units are popular in locations where shop floor space is limited. In some units, the jointer beds are removed or moved out of the way to convert the unit from jointing to planing. In conventional jointer/planers, a dust hood is provided for collecting sawdust and wood chips. The hood is either rotatable to convert from jointing to planing, or is removably attachable to accommodate both operations. A hose from a conventional shop vacuum is connected to a port on the dust hood. Such a system is awkward in that the vacuum requires additional shop floor space, generates additional noise and requires a separate power source.
In commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 6,481,473 is disclosed a wood planing machine which is actually a jointer according to the above definition, having a dust collection system with a powered impeller and an external dust conduit system. The dust collection impeller is powered by the same motor as the cutter blade and creates a suction adjacent a woodworking blade which collects sawdust generated during the jointing operation. The collected sawdust and shavings are transported to a separate collection container or trash box, from which the collected material may be disposed. However the unit disclosed in the '473 patent is incapable of planing as that operation is described above.

Jointer/planer with internal sawdust collection system


Methods for removing a material layer from a base substrate utilizing spalling in which mode III stress, i.e., the stress that is perpendicular to the fracture front created in the base substrate, during spalling is reduced. The substantial reduction of the mode III stress during spalling results in a spalling process in which the spalled material has less surface roughness at one of its' edges as compared to prior art spalling processes in which the mode III stress is present and competes with spalling.

The present disclosure relates to semiconductor device manufacturing, and more particularly, to methods for removing a high-quality material layer from a base substrate by spalling.
Devices that can be produced in thin-film form have three clear advantages over their bulk counterparts. First, by virtue of less material used, thin-film devices ameliorate the materials cost associated with device production. Second, low device weight is a definite advantage that motivates industrial-level effort for a wide range of thin-film applications. Third, if dimensions are small enough, devices can exhibit mechanical flexibility in their thin-film form. Furthermore, if the substrate from which a device layer is removed can be reused, additional fabrication cost reduction can be achieved.
Recent advances in spalling techniques now make it possible to remove, i.e., spall, a thin (typically less than 100 μm) material layer from an entire surface of base substrate with near-zero thickness direction kerf losses, and to do this multiple times on the same base substrate. The potential cost savings are enormous since (i) the thickness of the spalled material layer can be limited to the thickness needed for thin-film devices, and (ii) many spalled material layers may be derived from a single base substrate.
Further improvements in spalling are however needed which render spalling more efficient, controllable, and economical and thus more reliable for use in fabricating thin film semiconductor devices.

Method for improving quality of spalled material layers

International Business Machines Corporation

King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology


Balanced offset compensation is provided for a differential amplifier circuit. Two sets of three switches are employed between respective inputs and outputs of the differential amplifier to shunt the outputs to the input terminals during auto-zeroing phase. By opening and closing different combinations of the switches during auto-zeroing and operation phases, differential degradation due to unbalanced leakage currents is substantially reduced.

The input offset voltage of a differential amplifier is an important consideration when constructing a precision circuit. Ideally, the differential amplifier should provide a zero output voltage when the applied differential input voltage signal is zero. However, due to a number of reasons including inherent transistor mismatches in differential amplifiers, a zero differential input signal can produce a non-zero output signal without some form of input offset voltage cancellation to compensate for the internal offset error of the amplifier. The offset error is typically presented over the entire operating range of the amplifier. Traditional offset compensation techniques may involve chopping the input signal and filtering the output voltage in continuous time applications. Yet, these approaches typically work with a high frequency signal greater than the bandwidth of the amplifier to chop the input signal.
Another approach utilizes storing an input offset voltage across a capacitor coupled in series with the inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier to compensate the input signal for errors induced by the amplifier mismatches. During an auto-zeroing phase, switching circuits are closed to configure the differential amplifier as a unity gain buffer while a reference potential is applied through the series capacitor to the inverting input terminal, which appears at the output of the amplifier modified by the internal offset. The input offset voltage is thereby stored across the series capacitor. During the operational phase, the reference potential is replaced with the input signal where the input offset voltage stored across the capacitor is subtracted from the input signal and added back as the input signal propagates through the operational amplifier thereby cancelling the internal offset error. However, any error or leakage appearing on the series capacitor affects the input offset compensation. Unbalanced leakage may cause accumulation of differential voltage on the amplifier input terminals over time resulting in a circuit malfunction when offset compensation period becomes very long.
The auto-zeroing phase limits the continuous time operation of the amplifier in that the input signal must be disabled during the time the input offset voltage is stored across the series capacitor. Therefore, the method of storing the input offset voltage across the series capacitor is preferable for systems using sampling since it allows time for the auto-zeroing phase.
Thus, it is with respect to these considerations and others that the present invention has been made.


In various example embodiments, a system and method are provided for protection customer data collected at sensor nodes within a networked system. A key recovery module determines the encrypted sensor data in a request was encrypted with a certified public key associated with a first customer key-pair. The first customer key-pair represents a recovered private key. The key recovery module determines the private key associated with the first customer key-pair is encrypted with the private key associated with a second customer key-pair. The private key associated with the first customer key-pair is decrypted by using the private key associated with the second customer key-pair. The encrypted sensor data in the request is decrypted using the decrypted private key associated with the first customer key-pair.

Today, sensor networks are being used in a wide range of application areas. For example, data collected by sensor networks may be used for environmental monitoring, security and surveillance, logistics and transportation, control and automation, and traffic monitoring. Security and privacy is one of the major concerns when the sensor networks collect sensor data involving human participants. Adequate security measures may be implemented in a system that collects, stores and processes the sensor data to preserve the privacy of the human participants and to prevent unauthorized access to the sensor data collected by the sensor network.
The headings provided herein are merely for convenience and do not necessarily affect the scope or meaning of the terms used.

Security and data privacy for lighting sensory networks


A mobile device having a housing and operating on power supplied from the battery loaded in the battery chamber including: a pair of walls of the housing having hook receiving portions formed a groove; a battery lid covering the battery chamber so as to be freely detached; a pair of positioning hooks serving to position the battery lid by entering the grooves of the corresponding hook receiving portions; overhanging edges serving to regulate position of the cover lid; and a waterproof gasket fixed to the battery chamber side of the cover lid so as to be in contact with all sides of the battery chamber.

1. Field
An aspect of the invention relates to a mobile device that has, for example, a housing defining a battery chamber in which a battery is loaded, and a battery lid covering the battery chamber so as to be freely detached, and that runs on power supplied from the battery loaded in the battery chamber.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, the use of mobile devices such as mobile phones and handheld video game machines has greatly increased. Most of such mobile devices have batteries loaded therein and run on power supplied from the batteries.
While these mobile devices such as mobile phones incorporate more sophisticated functions, the device size and weight are further reduced. Nowadays, there is also a demand for a waterproof function. Where the waterproof function is incorporated in the mobile device that has a housing in which a large opening is defined for the battery chamber for loading the battery therein, rendering the battery chamber waterproof poses a problem.
For example, Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2004-56164 discloses rendering a battery pack storage section waterproof by means of an O-ring and an inner cover. Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 11-25940 discloses rendering a battery pocket waterproof by means of a battery lid and waterproof packing.
In this case, it is important to render the battery chamber and its periphery waterproof without increasing the size and weight of the mobile device. Generally, a battery chamber and its periphery are rendered waterproof by fixing packing or an O-ring inside the lid which covers the battery chamber, and by pressing the packing or O-ring against the edges of the battery chamber. In this case, it is necessary that the packing or O-ring be pressed against the edges of the battery chamber without being twisted, specifically, it is necessary that force is applied only in the direction in which the packing or O-ring is pressed against the edges, not sideways to the packing or O-ring. To achieve this, it is best to depress the lid from directly above the battery chamber. However, depressing the lid from directly above the battery chamber, while keeping the lid and body joined, requires a complicated structure. This frustrates the demand for a more compact design. Employing a structure in which the lid which covers the battery chamber is pivotally supported by the body so as to be freely opened or closed around a rotation shaft extending along one side of the lid may produce sideways force in the packing or O-ring disposed inside the lid. A design taking account of such sideways force such that this sideways force is not varied by a user closing the lid may keep the sideways force within permissible levels. However, in this case, a structure in which the rotation shaft is pivotally supported by the body so as to be freely rotated may increase the size of the mobile device.
To make the mobile device more compact, it is preferable that the lid can be completely separated from the body. In this case, sideways force acting on the packing or O-ring disposed inside the lid may be varied according to subtle changes in the manner in which the lid is closed by a user. Therefore, how to always keep the sideways force, that is, torsion of the packing or O-ring within permissible levels poses a problem.


A two sided work glove assembled by the stitched union of several patterned pieces including a thumb enclosure piece or pieces, a middle fingers piece and a palm portion. The glove may include a cuff. The glove is easily adapted for different specific uses by the addition of an external or internal pad or an internal liner. The glove stitching is protected by protective overhanging strips incorporated between the palm portion and the finger and thumb enclosures.

The present invention relates to a work glove and primarily to a work glove used by workers handling abrasive materials, materials with sharp edges, materials at extreme temperatures or prone to shedding slivers when handled.
Gloves can only be made from materials within a limited range of thickness. Exceeding this, the flexibility of the glove will hamper the worker's ability to efficiently perform his job. As such, gloves wear out. It is rare that both the gloves worn on the right and left hands wear out at the same time, however, since gloves are purchased in pairs, it is normal to replace both at the same time. The present invention is a glove that can be worn on either hand. Both the front side and the back side of the glove are suited for work with abrasive materials. In theory, the worker "rotates" or alternates the two sided gloves between his two hands so that they wear uniformly. This, along with the incorporation of "stitching savers" increases glove life.
Although there are numerous two sided work gloves known in the prior art, They differ in the number and configuration of the pieces sewn together to create the glove. It is this specific combination of pieces and pattern configurations that give each glove its own distinct "feel". It is this "feel" (based primarily on the glove's flexibility) that sells gloves.
This new glove utilizes a specific combination of pieces and pattern configurations that contribute to an overall "good feel".


An apparatus for applying anti-frictional compound such as stick lubricant to a surface to be lubricated, for example a selected area of a railroad car wheel, includes a magazine for retaining a plurality of sticks or rods of the compound; a mechanism for guiding an individual stick or rod and directing it into contact with the surface to be lubricated. The apparatus sequentially draws individual sticks or rods from the magazine and locates each one, in sequence, in the guideway until the magazine is empty. The apparatus applies a constant pressure on the lubricant to the area to be lubricated.

Over the last two decades there has been a significant increase in the presence of motorized rail transportation in urban areas resulting in an increasing need for methods of reducing the high frequency sounds which result from the twisting of the axle and sudden subsequent release of the twist as a curved rail is negotiated by the wheels of a train.
Much of the present technology developed to reduce this noise and generally lubricate the contact between train wheels and railway track has been to pump oil under pressure through nozzles directed at the wheel contact point with the track. Such technology leaves oil on the track and surrounding area, the latter being of environmental concern. Due to this concern the United States Environmental Protection Agency has indicated that this type of technology will be phased out.
Recently, solid stick lubricants have increased in popularity and have been useful for reducing friction and otherwise varying the frictional characteristics of steel to steel contact between train wheels and railway tracks. Although a lubricating device for applying lubricant to the inner side of outer railroad curves has been disclosed as a means of reducing the friction (U.S. Pat. No. 1,820,815--Maney), in a typical application, a stick lubricant is applied by a holding means to the wheel flange and/or tread of a train.
The stick lubricants have generally been applied to the wheel by a pushing mechanism contained in a device which holds a stick in position. The spring loaded applicator stick system as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,054,582 by Aracil is one such device.
The concept of a self controlling lubricating system mounted to the vehicle as designed for rail cars is well known and has been disclosed at least as early as 1910 (Canadian Patent No. 156,866--Conniff). Others in that time period include Canadian Patent No. 163,700--Gerlinger and Canadian Patent No. 167,026--Miner.
A number of other lubricator stick assembly systems subsequently disclosed in the art include U.S. Pat. No. 1,780,464--Coppage; U.S. Pat. No. 2,866,521--Gibson; U.S. Pat. No. 2,727,589--Capney; U.S. Pat. No. 2,589,582--Strugghold; U.S. Pat. No. 2,326,000--Teeple; U.S. Pat. No. 1,185,682--Kirkegard; and U.S. Pat. No. 1,102,473--Chappell, the most recent being that of AraCil (U.S. Pat. No. 5,054,582).
Most locomotives are serviced at approximately 92 day intervals or after approximately 40,000 to 60,000 miles of travel. Currently, a single lubricant stick lasts on average for approximately 15,000 miles of travel. Space limitations restrict the stick length that can be applied to the wheel. Consequently, there is a need for providing longer lasting lubricating.
There is a general lack of space on locomotives and rolling stock in the area of the inside center line of the wheels where the lubrication is most advantageously applied. Tube assemblies, step ladders, storage tanks, etc. all vie for space in this area. Lengthening the stick lubricant is therefore impractical.


Distribution of mobile stations across carriers of multiple frequency bands is achieved by using either a static distribution mechanism or a dynamic distribution mechanism. With the static distribution mechanism, a combination of a redirection message and a channel list is employed. With the dynamic distribution mechanism, the use of redirection messages is enabled on a dynamic basis for a predefined time interval.

In a mobile or wireless communications network, many mobile stations can be competing for shared resources. Shared resources can include carriers of a frequency band used in the wireless communications network. In some applications, to support increasing demands on the capacity of a wireless communications network, additional frequency bands have been added to the wireless communications network. The term "frequency band" as used here refers to and encompasses a "frequency band class." Examples of different frequency band classes include an 800 MHz (megahertz) frequency band class (also referred to as "band class 0") and a 1900 MHz frequency band class (also referred to as "band class 1").
A challenge of having multiple frequency bands in a wireless communications network, such as a code-division multiple access (CDMA) 2000 network, is maintaining an even (or substantially even) distribution of mobile stations across carriers of the multiple frequency bands. Certain conventional techniques exist to distribute mobile stations that are making channel access requests across frequency bands. However, effective distribution techniques have not been provided to distribute idle state mobile stations across frequency bands. An imbalance of idle state mobile stations across multiple frequency bands can lead to certain frequency bands being overloaded with traffic of the idle state mobile stations, which can degrade performance of the wireless communications network.

Distributing mobile stations across carriers of plural frequency bands


A method for staggered zone resource allocation in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system having a cluster includes: dividing a frequency resource of the OFDMA system into a plurality of time zones along a time axis; determining at least two resource allocation start zones among the plurality of time zones in at least two cells of the cluster, respectively; arranging users in each of the at least two cell according to a path loss in a descending order; and sequentially allocating the frequency resource to the arranged users from the at least two resource allocation start zones in the at least two cells, respectively.

In the related art cellular wireless communication system, in order to utilize a limited frequency resource effectively, an identical frequency resource is used in spatially separated two regions. A frequency reuse rate, which is the subject of a cellular wireless communication system, corresponds to a period of cells where an identical frequency is reused. In a multiple cell communication system where a plurality of cells use a frequency band by division, the frequency band is divided into a plurality of sub-frequency bands whose number is the same as a frequency reuse coefficient (K) to reuse a frequency resource with reduction of interference between cells.
FIG. 1 is a view illustrating a frequency resource allocation in a multiple cell system having a frequency reuse coefficient (K) of 3 (K=3) according to the related art. As shown in FIG. 1, the whole frequency band of the system having a frequency reuse coefficient (K) of 3 is divided into three sub-frequency bands and each cell uses one sub-frequency band.
Since an identical frequency band is not used in the adjacent cells, the adjacent cells do not have an interference between each other. In addition, since the cells using an identical frequency band are separated far from each other, an interference between the separated cells is sufficiently reduced. However, since a ratio of a utilization band to a whole frequency band is reduced to 1/K, a utilization efficiency for a frequency band is also reduced. Accordingly, as the frequency reuse coefficient K increases, the interference between cells is reduced. However, an amount of a frequency resource utilized in each cell is reduced and a whole communication capacity of the system is also reduced. In addition, a ratio of a sub-frequency band utilized in each cell to the whole frequency band, i.e., 1/K may be defined as the frequency reuse rate.
For example, in a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, since each cell uses an identical frequency band, the frequency reuse rate is 1. The frequency reuse rate of 1 means that the whole frequency band is utilized in every cell as the identical sub-frequency band.
An orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system has been suggested as a next generation technology for high speed communication. Similarly to the CDMA system, the OFDMA system is being developed to have a frequency reuse rate of 1. In the CDMA system, an interference between users is minimized by allocating orthogonal codes to the users. In the OFDMA system where a frequency resource is utilized by division both in frequency domain and time domain, although the orthogonality between users in each cell is guaranteed, adjacent two cells has a severe interference because the adjacent two cells use an identical frequency band in an identical time zone. Accordingly, a method of minimizing the interference between the adjacent cells simultaneously with improving an efficiency of frequency resource by obtaining a frequency reuse rate close to 1 has been researched and developed in the OFDMA system.
FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a frequency resource allocation in a fractional frequency reuse (FFR) system suggested by IEEE 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) standard as a solution for interference at a cell boundary. As shown in FIG. 2, a whole frequency band is divided into a plurality of frequency band and a predetermined frequency band is not utilized in each cell. Accordingly, the adjacent cells use different frequency bands to reduce the interference.
In the FFR system, however, allocation of the plurality of frequency bands should be designed based on a cell position. In addition, when an amount of allocable frequency bands into a position using the predetermined frequency is greater or smaller than the number of users, the frequency resource can not be flexibly allocated. Further, unutilization of the predetermined frequency causes waste in the frequency resource and efficiency of the frequency resource is reduced due to the frequency reuse rate lower than 1.
FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a frequency resource allocation in a soft frequency reuse (SFR) system suggested by 3GPPLTE (3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution). As shown in FIG. 3, each cell is divided into a center region and a boundary region. The whole frequency band is utilized in the center region of each cell, while a predetermined frequency band is not utilized in the boundary region of each cell similarly to in the FFR system. As a result, the adjacent cells use different frequency bands. In addition, the communication is performed with a lower power in the center region having an excellent channel state and with a higher power in the boundary region of each cell having a different frequency band from the boundary region of the adjacent cell. Accordingly, users at the boundary region use an improved adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) method.
Similarly to the FFR system, however, the SFR system has disadvantages. Although the center region has a frequency reuse rate of 1, the boundary region does not have a frequency reuse rate of 1 and does not use the predetermined frequency band. As a result, efficiency of the frequency resource is reduced. In addition, when users are distributed to be concentrated at a partial region of the cell, efficiency of the frequency resource is reduce because only the frequency band allocated to the partial region is utilized by users in the partial region. On the contrary, absence of a user in a partial region causes waste in the frequency resource due to unutilization of residual allocable frequency band.
In the FFR system or the SFR system, accordingly, when users are not uniformly distributed, the flexibility in allocation of the frequency resource and the frequency reuse rate of 1 are not obtainable, thereby reducing the efficiency of the frequency resource. Not only the FFR system and the SFR system but also most of frequency resource allocation systems for relieving same channel interference commonly have these problems.

Method and apparatus for staggered zone resource allocation in orthogonal frequency division multiple access system

Korea University Industrial & Academic Collaboration Foundation


An oil scavenging system and method suitable for use in a gas turbine engine having a bearing housing. The bearing housing provides for arcuate slots within the housing and a plurality of peripherally arranged apertures disposed for cooperation with the arcuate slots. During rotation of the bearing and shaft, the rotational momentum induces rotation of the oil which distributes the oil to the peripheral circumference of the housing for eventual passage through the slots and apertures. The arrangement maximizes the use of the circumferential space of the bearing for efficient oil distribution.

The bearing cavity of a gas turbine engine houses the bearing which requires a vast amount of oil for ensuring proper lubrication and heat dissipation for the bearing. Scavenging of the oil is accordingly quite important and return of the oil by gravity is insufficient for prescribed requirements. This limitation is also exacerbated by the fact that the oil cannot exceed the level of the maximum permissible cavity oil level or the oil will leak through the seals into surrounding area, creating an unwanted situation.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide an improved oil circulation system for a gas turbine engine not so limited as present arrangements.

Oil scavenge system for gas turbine engine bearing cavity


An integrated display system includes multiple displays and a transmissive/reflective mirror with a mirror face. Images from display areas of one or more displays are passed through the mirror face and provided to a viewer. Images from display areas of one or more displays are reflected by the mirror face and provided to the viewer. The displays are arrayed to generate a seamless composite image from the images provided by the displays.

Computer users often desire to view video or graphic images that exceed the viewable area of a single monitor. For example, designers of large systems often use computer aided design (CAD) tools to generate designs. Many times, these designs are too detailed or too large to fully display on a single monitor with the desired high enough resolution. In addition, users often display multiple computer windows simultaneously. The multiple windows typically overlay and block one another since the viewable area of a monitor is generally not large enough to accommodate more than a few computer windows at the same time.
A typical home computer user may become frustrated by the crowding of the desktop screen by multiple computer windows. A professional computer user, e.g., a graphic artist or a CAD designer, in addition, may suffer from inefficiency or low productivity associated with being able to view only a portion of a large image or having to stack and re-stack multiple computer windows.
From an entertainment standpoint, the industry has always sought bigger, brighter, higher quality, more involving display technologies with continuous improvements, for example, from black and white to color, from color television to HDTV, and from 35 mm film to Imax.
A larger viewable area, i.e., larger screen real estate, and higher resolution, i.e., more pixels, is thus always desirable and very useful, whether for laying out and viewing a larger portion of video or graphic images at the same time or simply for more involvement in the content. Therefore, it is often desirable to display video or graphic images on a viewable area that is bigger than what is typically available on a single monitor. Arrayed display systems have been used to create a viewable area that is taller and/or wider than what is normally available on a single monitor. A typical arrayed display system includes two or more video display devices that are horizontally and/or vertically adjacent to one another.
An important character is the adjacency or the apparent seamlessness of the transition between image segments. If the adjacent segments are too far apart, the users tend to segregate their use of the system by screen segments, thus dramatically reducing the potential usefulness of the larger work surface. Thus, a highly desirable quality of an arrayed display system is the minimization of apparent segregation between the array segments.
One method of diminishing this segregation is embodied in multi-projector based display systems. These systems typically include two or more video projectors that are arrayed in an overlapping adjacent format with each projector being fed by one channel of a visual computer or other video source. The result generally includes a composite image that combines the additive size, the additive brightness and the additive resolution of the multiple channel sources and the multiple projectors.
An example of this projection technology is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,974,073 entitled "Seamless Video Display," U.S. Pat. No. 5,136,390 entitled "Adjustable Multiple Image Display Smoothing Method and Apparatus," and U.S. Pat. No. 6,115,022 entitled "Method and Apparatus for Adjusting Multiple Projected Raster Images," the contents of all of which are fully incorporated by reference herein.
The use of projector-based display systems may provide a larger viewable area and higher resolution than a single monitor or a display device. However, projector-based display systems are not always suited for widespread use by individuals since the current systems can be expensive, large and technically complex.
Multiple conventional computer monitors or flat panel displays may be placed side by side to provide a type of arrayed display system. However, due to the packaging of most standard CRTs and other monitors, such a configuration typically results in wider than acceptable image segregation, also referred to as a mullion, between the displays. This prevents the displays from having an integrated look as illustrated in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2.
FIG. 1A illustrates three conventional monitors 100, 102 and 104 placed side-by-side in an array. FIG. 1B is a top view of the three arrayed monitors 100, 102 and 104 of FIG. 1A. The monitors 100, 102 and 104 have viewable areas 106, 108 and 110, respectively. The viewable areas are smaller than the front surface of the monitors because of the respective housings. A relatively wide gap or mullion, e.g., gap 112 between the viewable areas 108 and 110 of the adjacent monitors 102 and 104, exists between adjacent viewable areas.
FIG. 2 illustrates a distracting effect of the mullions between the viewable areas when the three monitors 100, 102 and 104 are used to display a single composite image. The composite image displays the enlarged text "TEST" across all three of the monitors. As shown in the figure, the first T is displayed on monitors 100 and 102 while the second T is displayed on monitors 102 and 104. The relatively large mullions may distract viewers from viewing the text as a single integrated image.
Therefore, there is a need for an arrayed display system that is capable of providing reduced separation between portions of a composite image in adjacent displays as to reduce viewer distraction. The arrayed display system preferably is affordable to a wider range of users and designed to address ergonomic considerations for providing viewer comfort.

Method and apparatus for seamless integration of images using a transmissive/reflective mirror


An eyepiece member comprises an eye cup provided on the outer circumference of an eyepiece barrel that holds an eyepiece lens, the eye cup being movable relative to the eyepiece barrel along the direction of the optical axis of the eyepiece lens, and a positioning members for the eye cup provided on at least one of a portion of the eyepiece barrel and a portion of the eye cup that are opposed to each other, intervals of the positioning members being relatively smaller in the eye cup pull-out side in which the eye cup is pulled toward the user when used than in the eye cup push-in side.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an eyepiece device and a binocular.
2. Related Background Art
Eyepiece devices of optical apparatuses such as binoculars are provided with an eye cup for the purpose of preventing entrance of exterior light or making it easy to keep the positional relationship between the eyepiece device and the eyes constant. Some eyepiece devices having an eye cup are equipped with a mechanism for allowing the eye cup to move along the optical axis relative to the eyepiece barrel.
A known mechanism for allowing movement of the eye cup along the optical axis direction is provided with a twist-up ring that is movable along the optical axis direction relative to the eyepiece barrel, a twist-up adjusting pin provided on the eyepiece barrel and three pin engagement portions provided on the twist-up ring for retaining the twist-up pin (see Japanese Utility Model No. 3090513). With this mechanism, the eye cup can be retained steadily at three positions with respect to the optical axis direction.
When a person wearing eyeglasses uses an eyepiece device that allows adjustment of the position of the eye cup, the eye cup will be used in the state in which it is pushed (or retracted) into the eyepiece barrel (see FIGS. 1 and 2).
Letting D be the distance from the surface of the eyepiece lens G1 that constitutes the last lens in the optical system to the surface of the eyeglass lens G4 (or G5), t be the thickness of the eyeglass lens G4 (or G5), S1 be the distance from the backside surface of the eyeglass lens G4 (or G5) to the surface of the cornea E, S2 be the distance from the surface of the cornea E to the iris I, and X be the distance from the surface of the eyepiece lens G1 that constitutes the last lens in the optical system to the iris I, the equation X=D+t+S1+S2 holds.
The distance from the surface of the eyepiece lens G1 that constitutes the last lens in the optical system to the surface of the eyeglass lens G5 for farsightedness is generally smaller than the distance from the surface of the eyepiece lens G1 that constitutes the last lens in the optical system to the surface of the eyeglass lens G4 for nearsightedness. In addition, the thickness t of the eyeglass lens G5 for farsightedness is larger than the thickness t of the eyeglass lens G4 for nearsightedness.
Generally, the thickness t of the eyeglass lens G4 (or G5) is larger than 1.1 mm, the distance S1 from the backside surface of the eyeglass lens G4 (or G5) to the surface of the cornea E is larger than 12 mm, and the distance S2 from the surface of the cornea E to the iris I is approximately 3 mm (equivalent value in the air), and therefore in typical cases, the distance X from the surface of the eyepiece lens G1 that constitutes the last lens in the optical system to the iris I is larger than 20 mm.
The distance of the position of the eye point (i.e. the position at which a pupil is formed) EP of optical apparatuses such as binoculars from the most eye side surface of the eyepiece lens (that is, the surface of the eyepiece lens which surface is closest to the person using an optical apparatus.) is generally smaller than 20 mm. Accordingly, even when the eye cup is set to the fully retracted (or pushed in) state, the position of the eye point EP and the position of the iris of a person wearing eyeglasses do not coincide with each other. This means that eyeglass wearers cannot adjust the position of the eye cup to allow the position of their iris I to coincide with the eye point, and they cannot see whole the field of view.
On the other hand, when a person who is not wearing eyeglasses (i.e. a person who observes with naked eye) uses an eyepiece device that allows adjustment of the position of the eye cup, the eye cup will be used in the state in which it is extended (or pulled out) from the eyepiece barrel (see FIGS. 3 and 4).
Each one has his own face shape and there are differences in the shape of the faces. Especially, there are differences in the shape of the eye pit (or differences between sunken eyes, clear-cut eyes etc.) depending on the racial difference between the Orientals and the Westerners, the difference in stages of growth between adults and children or the sexual difference between men and women.
Accordingly, in the case that the eye cup is used in a state where it is pulled out from the eyepiece barrel, it is necessary for a person who observes with naked eye to finely adjust the position of the eye cup (by, for example, changing the distance L between the outer end of the eye cup and the iris I) to adjust the position of the iris I to coincide with the position of the eye point EP.
However, the eyepiece device disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Utility Model No. 3090513 suffers from the problem that when the eye cup is pulled out from the eyepiece barrel, fine position adjustment cannot be carried out in the range that requires finer adjustment, since the three pin engagement portions are formed at equal intervals.

Eye cup adjustment device for optical apparatus such as binoculars


This system for controlling the operation of reversible motor-speed reducer modules for adjusting in position elements of a motor vehicle seat structure is characterized in that the motor-speed reducer modules (1,2) are connected in parallel to common supply means (3), whose output voltage direction is piloted by a control module (4), and to this control module (4) through a multiplexed network (5) for the transmission of data piloting said motor-speed reducer module to permit the actuation or non-actuation, in one direction of rotation or the other, of each motor-speed reducer module (1,2) for adjusting in position each element of the seat structure.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a system for controlling the operation of reversible motor-speed reducer modules for adjusting in position elements of a motor vehicle seat structure.
2. The Background Art
Such seat structures whose elements may be adjusted in position by means of electric motor-speed reducers are well known in the art and are usually called motorized adjustment seat structures.
Generally, each seat structure element is connected for example through motion-converting means to a motor-speed reducer which is disposed for example under the seat of the seat structure and whose operation, that is to say its power supply, is piloted by hand control means used by a user for adjusting the position of this seat structure element to his morphology.
Means for storing preestablished positions of the elements of this seat structure may also be associated with the control means to permit a rapid adaptation of this seat structure to the morphology of different successive users.
Generally, each motor-speed reducer is associated with its own control means comprising supply voltage inverting means pilotable by the user, for example to achieve operation of the motor-speed reducer in one direction or the other so as to adjust the position of the corresponding element of the seat structure in either direction.
It will be understood that this arrangement has a number of drawbacks, in particular owing to the large number of motor-speed reducers incorporated in a seat structure, which requires a large number of wires for actuating the motor-speed reducers, and limits the possibilities of adaptation of the latter to new developments or designs of seat structures.

System for controlling the operation of reversible motor-speed reducer modules for adjusting in position elements of motor vehicle seat structure

Ecia-Equipements et Composants pour l'Industrie Automobile


An optical pickup device includes an objective lens holder having a pair of tracking coils and an objective lens fixed thereto, and a pair of magnets. The pair of tracking coils are rectangular or square in geometry. When the objective lens is not displaced in a tracking direction, one tracking coil has a vertical portion closer to a centerline, which passes through the pair of magnets at their respective centers, at a position distant from the centerline in a positive direction of rotation by a prescribed angle θ and the other tracking coil has a vertical portion closer to the centerline at a position distant from the centerline in a negative direction of rotation by the prescribed angle θ.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to optical pickup devices and particularly to optical pickup devices having an objective lens holder with a pair of tracking coils and an objective lens fixed thereto, and a pair of magnets each generating a magnetic field, and the tracking coil is exposed to the magnetic field, while the coil has an electric current passed therethrough to drive the objective lens in a tracking direction.
2. Description of the Background Art
An optical pickup device drives an objective lens holder having an objective lens fixed thereto, in tracking and focusing directions to positionally control the objective lens. The objective lens holder has tracking and focusing coils fixed thereto and is penetrated by a single axis of rotation. Furthermore, around the objective lens holder, a pair of magnets is arranged.
The magnets generate magnetic fields and when the focusing coil is exposed to the magnetic fields and also has an electric current passing therethrough a force is generated according to Fleming's Left-Hand Rule to drive the objective lens holder together with the objective lens along the axis of rotation (i.e., in the focusing direction). Furthermore, when the tracking coil is exposed to a magnetic field generated by the magnet and also has an electric current passing therethrough, a force is generated according to Fleming's Left-Hand Rule to drive the objective lens holder together with the objective lens in a direction of rotation around the axis of rotation (i.e., in the tracking direction).
If a pair of racking coils are asymmetric with respect to an axis of rotation then when the objective lens holder rotates, a magnetically asymmetric state can be provided. To address this, Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2002-50060 proposes to arrange the pair of tracking coils at a position in point symmetry with respect to the axis of rotation.
Conventionally when such a point symmetrical arrangement is adopted a pair of tracking coils is often arranged such that when the objective lens is not displaced in the tracking direction the pair of tracking coils is located on a centerline passing through a pair of magnets at their respective centers, since in such arrangement when the objective lens is not displaced in the tracking direction the tracking coils are situated on the magnets' centerline, at which a magnetic field is maximized in intensity, and the objective lens holder can be driven by a maximum force.
FIG. 15 is a cross section showing a conventional arrangement of tracking coils. As shown in the figure, a centerline 19 passes through magnets 14a and 14b at their respective centers. Tracking coils 45a, 45b are air core coils rectangular in geometry. When the objective lens is not displaced in a tracking direction, i.e., when the objective lens holder does not rotate, tracking coil 45a has a vertical portion 47a on centerline 19 and tracking coil 45b has a vertical portion 47b on centerline 19.
Such arrangement as above, however, is disadvantageous as follows: when the objective lens is not displaced in the tracking direction, the objective lens holder is driven by a large force. When the objective lens is displaced in the tracking direction, however, the holder is driven by a reduced force.
FIG. 16 shows a relationship between lens shift amount and tracking sensitivity as conventional. A "lens shift amount" refers to an angle of rotation of an objective lens holder 16 around an axis of rotation 18. A lens shift amount of "0" indicates that objective lens 11 is not displaced in the tracking direction, i.e., that objective lens holder 16 is not rotating. "Tracking sensitivity" refers to a force that drives objective lens holder 16 in the tracking direction. As shown in the figure, when objective lens holder 16 rotates, the tracking sensitivity decreases. This is attributed to the following ground:
When objective lens holder 16 rotates in a positive direction or a negative direction, tracking coil 45a has vertical portion 47a moving away from centerline 19, which is exposed to an intense magnetic field, and thus experiencing a reduced force, and tracking coil 45b has vertical portion 47b moving away from centerline 19, which is exposed to an intense magnetic field, and thus experiencing a reduced force. Thus when objective lens holder 16 rotates in the positive or negative direction objective lens holder 16 is in its entirety driven by a reduced force.
Such a variation in the tracking sensitivity is not limited to the arrangement allowing a pair of tracking coils to be located on a centerline when objective lens 11 is not displaced in a tracking direction. Such variation generally occurs for arrangements having a pair of tracking coils arranged in point symmetry.
Such variation in the tracking sensitivity impairs the optical pickup device's tracking performance. In particular, if a seek operation is performed by tracking of an objective lens, the lens must significantly be displaced in the tracking direction. Increased displacements in the tracking direction, however, result in reduced driving forces, and the lens's position can not be matched to a targeted track's position.

Optical pickup device employing magnet and tracking coil to drive objective lens in tracking direction


To provide a light-emitting device that is provided with an optical member firmly bonded to a semiconductor light-emitting element and has a high light extraction efficiency, the light-emitting device includes a light-emitting element having a semiconductor layer and an optical member bonded to the light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element with a metal film being interposed therebetween wherein the metal film has a thickness in a film-forming rate conversion not less than 0.05 nm nor more than 2 times of an atomic diameter of the metal atoms forming the metal film.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a light-emitting device on which semiconductor light-emitting elements are mounted and a manufacturing method of such a device.
(2) Description of Related Art
Conventionally, a light-emitting device on which semiconductor light-emitting elements, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs), are mounted is sometimes provided with an optical member, such as a wavelength conversion member and a lens, that is made in contact with the semiconductor light-emitting element, in order to extract light having desired optical characteristics, such as a wavelength and the like. In the light-emitting device of this type, a composite oxide or nitride, such as a YAG-based phosphor, or a translucent resin to which the phosphor is ground into powder and added, and is adopted as, for example, the wavelength conversion member.
In the semiconductor light-emitting element, in contrast to the fact that a nitride-based semiconductor forming the semiconductor light-emitting element and a substrate made of sapphire or the like for use in forming the nitride-based semiconductor are materials having a high refractive index, the translucent resin generally has a low refractive index and also has a high thermal expansion coefficient. For this reason, the light-emitting device, which is provided with an optical member made of the translucent resin of this type, tends to cause light released from the semiconductor light-emitting element to be easily reflected by the interface with the optical member, which lowers the light extraction efficiency. In addition, separation between the optical member and the semiconductor light-emitting element might occurs due to a difference between their thermal expansion coefficients. Moreover, since the resin has a low thermal conductivity, its heat radiating characteristic is inferior. In contrast, inorganic materials, such as ceramics, have thermal expansion coefficients close to those of the semiconductor light-emitting elements in comparison with the resin, so that selection can be properly made among materials having a high thermal conductivity or a high refractive index. However, in the light-emitting device, the optical member made of the inorganic material is normally installed as such a member preliminarily molded into a plate shape and bonded to the semiconductor light-emitting element, and for this reason, a layer of an adhesive agent made of a translucent resin is interpolated in a gap to the semiconductor light-emitting element.
Therefore, a method has been developed by which the optical member made of an organic material is bonded to the semiconductor light-emitting element without using an adhesive agent. For example, JP-A No. 2006-352085 has disclosed a light-emitting device in which a core generation layer is formed on the rear surface of a substrate prior to a formation of the semiconductor light-emitting element, with the core generation layer being thermally press-bonded to a ceramic material. However, in the bonding method described in JP-A No. 2006-352085, since the press-bonding process is carried out at a high temperature of about 200 to 500° C., the semiconductor light-emitting element tends to be deteriorated, or a press-bonding process at a low temperature fails to carry out a firm bonding process to sometimes cause separation.
Moreover, as a bonding method without requiring a high-temperature process, the inventors of the present application have developed a light-emitting device in which, by using a surface activation bonding process, a wavelength conversion member made of an inorganic material, such as YAG, is bonded to a sapphire substrate of a semiconductor light-emitting element (see International Publication No. 2011/126000).
On the other hand, in a semiconductor element (semiconductor device), a bonding method at a low temperature has been developed so as to bond a wafer on which the semiconductor elements have been formed to another wafer or the like. For example, in JP-A Nos. 2010-46696, 2011-235300 and 2012-223792 and T. Shimatsu, M. Uomoto, "Atomic diffusion bonding of wafers with thin nanocrystalline metal films", Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B Volume 28, Issue 4, p. 706, 2010, a technique has been disclosed in which two members, such as wafers, are firmly bonded to each other at room temperature by using an atomic diffusion bonding process.

Light-emitting device and manufacturing method thereof


An image formation device is provided with an image formation section, an image acquisition section, a paper supply cassette and a support body. The image formation section forms images at a recording medium and is supported at a base surface. The image acquisition section is disposed at an upper side of the image formation section. The paper supply cassette is disposed at a lower side of the image formation section and can be drawn out to a near side. The support body supports the image acquisition section at the base surface and forms a cassette cavity which is capable of accommodating a far side of the paper supply cassette.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a support body for supporting an image formation section and an image acquisition section, and to an image formation device.
2. Related Art
Heretofore, image formation devices have been proposed in which an image acquisition device is disposed upward of an image formation unit and a paper supply cassette is disposed at a lower side of the image formation unit.


A system and a method for creating an analytical report on top of a multidimensional data model built on top of a relational or multidimensional database. The database operates in a computer system and provides returned values responsive to queries. Such a query is generated automatically and is deduced from a report definition. According to one embodiment, a report specification is used by the system and method of the present invention is able to defer the initial query of the data source, as is the case with conventional reporting tools and methods, until after the report has been defined. That is, the manner in which a analytic report is defined provides for an automatically generated query. Once the report has been defined, the data to populate such a report is retrieved to build the document.

The present invention relates to information processing using multidimensional databases, and particularly to creating reports based upon data from a multidimensional database where the desired contents of the report are first defined and the following query is deduced from the report definition.
Relational database systems are well known in the prior art, and include tabular structures and structured query languages used for database queries. To aid in an understanding of the present invention, a glossary of terms is included hereinbelow. Relational database technology has made possible an independence between the way data is physically stored and the way it can be handled logically. Relational technology has been widely accepted in business, industry and engineering as valuable for storing data.
Database systems may also be implemented in technology termed OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing). A key feature of OLAP is multidimensional view of data. These databases expose data not as entities and associations as does a Relational Database System but as sets of values organized in a so-called hypercube. This hypercube structure allows for easy access to data along different dimensions.
For example, a multidimensional database can organize numeric data along three dimensions: Product, Geography, Measures. The product dimension reflects the hierarchy of products in the organization, for example, Consumer and Enterprise products being further divided into more precise product categories down to the final product SKU. The Geography dimension will reflect the corporate organization from the entire company to countries to sales district or ZIP codes. Last, the Measures dimension captures more or less detailed sources of income and expenses, such as sales revenue, maintenance revenue (that may be grouped in a common "revenue" category), or operational expenses. These three dimensions define a system of coordinates. For each valid set of coordinates in this system such as, for example, "All Products", "US", "Revenue", the multidimensional database is able to retrieve a single value (numeric in most cases) that represents the aggregated value of the specified measure for the specified dimension coordinates.
From a user perspective a most important feature of database management software is the user interface and report creating capability. Reports generally format results in user friendly formats such as graphs, tables, crosstabs, or forms. A novel technique for providing a semantic layer for interpreting and interacting with a relational database is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,555,403 entitled "RELATIONAL DATABASE ACCESS SYSTEM USING SEMANTICALLY DYNAMIC OBJECTS" which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes.
Conventional reporting tools currently require a user to first specify the set of data to be retrieved from the datasource. And only after the data has been retrieved, does the reporting tools facilitate creation of reports on top of this set of data. The act of specifying a set of data to retrieve prior constructing a report is known as "Querying." Of the many Querying metaphors, the most powerful is the Business Objects™ Query Technique as described in the above-identified U.S. Pat. No. 5,555,403. When performing a query, users must first define the data they wish to retrieve before they are able to generate a report with queried data. If less data is retrieved than is required, then another query must be generated, followed by another generated report. If more data is retrieved than is required, then unnecessary efforts are expended to define a query and to retrieve unwanted data.
There is a need to provide a system and a method which overcomes the disadvantage of conventional reporting tools by effectively generating and building reports from multidimensional databases without unnecessarily retrieving the data from the database before the report is constructed.

Report then query capability for a multidimensional database model


The present invention generally relates to passenger aircraft seats. Some examples provide systems for integrating a child seat into a certified aircraft seat. Some examples include a passenger seat backrest having an integrated child seat. An integrated child seat base may be moved between a stowed position and a deployed position. When in the stowed position, the integrated child seat base may fit within a recessed surface of the seat backrest and the seat may then accommodate an adult passenger. When in a deployed position, the integrated child seat may then accommodate a child passenger. The integrated seat may include a harness system that extends through the seat backrest and couples with an internal support structure of seat backrest. In some embodiments the mounting points of the harness system may be reinforced with stiff brackets attached to the internal support structure.

The present invention generally relates to aircraft passenger seats. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to systems, methods, and apparatuses for integrating and/or securing a child seat into a certified aircraft seat.
The designs of current aircraft seats and restraint systems are inadequate for safely securing and restraining children. As such, the Federal Aviation Administration recommends that all children weighing under 40 pounds be seated in an approved child restraint system (CRS) in order to protect a child during take-off, landing, taxing, turbulence, and in the event of an emergency. Many current aftermarket child seats are designed for use in automobiles and thus are not designed or tested for use in an aircraft seat system. Hence many aftermarket child seats are not certified or are too large for use with aircraft seats. Additionally, aftermarket child seats may weigh a significant amount, be cumbersome to install, and difficult to transport. The use of strap on harnesses and belly harnesses have been proposed to address some of the safety issues, however, both of these attempts were banned by the FAA in the United States and have been shown to be ineffective.
When using portable child seats in an airplane, the portable seat must be placed in the aircraft seat and restrained to the seat using the already existing seat belt. Traditional aircraft seat belts are secured to seat spreaders at a low point so that the belt rests comfortably across the lap of a seated adult passenger. One problem with using the already existing aircraft seat belt is that a forward facing child seat may lack support on the top section of the seat. Thus securing a portable child seat in such a manner may not provide adequate protection for a seated child in the event of heavy turbulence or a crash. Portable child seats may also be disadvantageous because they may have a significant weight penalty (e.g., approximately 15 lbs.).
In light of the above, it would be desirable to provide improved systems, methods and apparatuses for safely securing and restraining children in an aircraft. In particular, improvements can be made to provide for a safer and more robust child restraint system for use in passenger aircraft.


A transmission antenna diversity method, and a base station apparatus and a mobile station apparatus therefor in a mobile communication system are provided. In the transmission antenna diversity method, channel information is measured from signals received through the plurality of antennas used in the base station, and a channel information matrix is output. The channel information matrix is transformed according to a transform matrix composed of a complex basis vector set. Reception power with respect to the plurality of antennas is calculated based on the transformed channel information matrix. Antenna selection information obtained based on the calculated reception power is transmitted to the base station as feedback information for controlling transmission antenna diversity. Therefore, power is equally distributed to transmitting antennas, excellent performance is maintained at a high speed of movement, and reliable channel adaptation is accomplished at a low speed of movement of the mobile station.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to transmission antenna diversity, and more particularly, to a transmission antenna diversity method, and a base station apparatus and a mobile station apparatus therefor in a mobile communication system.
2. Description of the Related Art
Third generation mobile communication systems have standards for transmitting data at a higher rate than second generation mobile communication systems represented by personal communication systems (PCS). In Europe and Japan, a synchronous Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA) mode is adopted as a wireless access standard. In North America, an asynchronous CDMA-2000 mode is adopted as a wireless access standard. Mobile communication systems are configured so that many mobile stations can communicate through a single base station.
It is necessary to overcome fading in order to transmit data at a high rate in a mobile communication system. Fading reduces the amplitude of a received signal by several decibels to several tens of decibels. A variety of diversity techniques are used to satisfactorily overcome fading. In a CDMA mode, a delay spread of a channel is employed. A reception diversity technique of receiving a multi-path signal is applied to a Rake receiver. This reception diversity technique has a problem in that reception diversity does not operate well when delay spread is small. A time diversity technique using interleaving and coding is used in a Doppler spread channel. It is difficult to use this method in a low-speed Doppler channel.
Space diversity is used to overcome fading in an indoor channel having small delay spread and an outdoor channel which is a low-speed Doppler channel. Space diversity uses two or more antennas. In this method, when a signal transmitted through one antenna is reduced due to fading, a signal transmitted through another antenna is used for reception. Space diversity is divided into reception antenna diversity using receiving antennas and transmission antenna diversity using transmitting antennas. It is difficult to install reception antenna diversity in a mobile station because of lack of space and excessive cost, so it is recommended to use transmission antenna diversity in a base station.
Conventional transmission antenna diversity can be a closed loop transmission, wherein up-link channel information is fed back from a mobile station or it can be an open loop transmission diversity, wherein feedback is not sent from a mobile station. When using L antennas, closed loop transmission diversity has L times greater gain than open loop transmission diversity in terms of a Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR). However, the performance of closed loop transmission diversity of feeding back channel information for operation is influenced by the period available for feedback. When the feedback period is long, a channel may change before feedback information reaches a base station, thereby degrading the performance. Further, when a large amount of information is fed back per unit time in order to track a rapidly changing channel, the up-link capacity decreases.
In addition, transmission antenna diversity is divided into a maximal ratio combining (MRC) method, an equal gain combining (EGC) method, and a selective combining (SC) method. When a feedback bandwidth is not satisfactorily secured, the performance of the above-described closed loop transmission antenna diversity may be degraded because a change in channel information is not reliably reflected in the feedback information signal. Thus, in order to have channel information that is rapidly and reliably reflected in the feedback information signal, closed loop transmission antenna diversity employing an SC method is typically used.
However, when using an SC method, unbalance between antennas can occur, causing additional costs to configure a radio frequency (RF) processor. Therefore, diversity using an SC method for overcoming the above problem and performing diversity using less feedback information is desired.
Although diversity gain can be obtained, a SINR gain increase causes an attendant decrease in diversity when using an SC method compared to diversity using an MRC method or an EGC method because channel information is not completely indicated in the feedback information. Therefore, an improved diversity method is desired that can maximize SINR gain by compensating for the decrease, can be applied at a high moving speed, and can simplify the hardware configuration of a transceiver.
A transmission antenna diversity method using a feedback mode is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,634,199 and 5,471,647. In these patents, measurement of a channel and a feedback method using a perturbation algorithm and a gain matrix are proposed. However, these patents adopt a blind method, which is slow to converge in measuring a channel and is not effective in finding an exact weight. Thus, the method is not frequently used in systems that use a pilot signal.
In Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service (UMTS) W-CDMA (3GPP) standards, Motorola proposes a method of quantizing a weight for each antenna in a feedback mode. In addition, Nokia and others propose a transmission antenna diversity method for high-speed mobile objects operating with respect to two antennas. However, these methods are optimized for a case of using two antennas. Therefore, an improved method of effectively selecting many antennas is desired.

Closed loop transmit diversity method and apparatus using complex basis vector sets for antenna selection


A two mass, single motor bi-directional conveyor for conveying solid objects, granular and powder material. The unit utilizes the two mass sub-resonant natural frequency system driven by a single motor with counterweight wheels. The forces created by the rotation of the counterweight wheels results in a trough stroke at an angle from the horizontal pan resulting in material motion. The trough stroke is absorbed with isolation springs mounted between the conveyor and the ground.

I. Field of the Invention
The present disclosure relates to vibrating conveyors with a flat horizontal conveying pan referred to as a trough, and more particularly, to a vibratory conveyor with an angle of attack defined as an amplitude with a vertical and horizontal component design, particularly of the two mass sub-resonant natural frequency type powered by a single motor with counterweighted wheels capable of conveying in both the forward and reverse flow direction.
II. Description of the Prior Art
Bi-directional vibratory conveyors or feeders have substantial applications in a variety of fields. One typical application is in foundry operations wherein, for example, foundry castings may be delivered to a conveyor energized to feed the castings to one end or the other, depending upon where it is desired to locate the castings.
Another typical application is in the bulk operations of granular materials wherein, for example, sugar, sand, stone, flour, cement, and various other chemical compounds may be delivered to one end or the other in the same way. Additionally, the conveyors may also move combinations of these object, granular and powder materials.
A conventional bi-directional conveyor made according to the prior-art will typically include two motor and two drive arrangements that are connected to drive slats supporting the two motors and drives. The slats are set in line with the angle of attack of the two drives. The drives are angled at an angle of attack of 45° creating an angle of 90° between the two drives resulting in isolating one drive from the other through the drive slats operating at 90° from the drive angle of attack of the non-operating drive. Each motor has a pair of counterweight wheels set at a force that vibrates the pan at an amplitude that moves the material at the desired rate.
This prior-art conveyor poses a number of problems, the greatest of which is the use of two separate drive assemblies whose operation is essentially a brute force system. In other words, the operating drive mass becomes a part of the trough mass and the non-operating drive mass becomes isolated from the operating system. This creates a problem for the non-operating motor. The non-operating motor bearings are subject to a percentage of the dynamic load transmitted through the isolation slats. This dynamic load creates "false brinnelling" which causes flattened surfaces on the bearing races and motor shaft. The result being faster than normal wear.
In other examples of bi-directional conveyors, Musschoot U.S. Pat. No. 3,068,996, issued Dec. 18, 1962, proposes a system that uses air bags as reactor springs set in a two mass system using two separate drives for the purpose of conveying material in opposite directions. When one drive is activated, the second drive air bag reactor springs are deflated so that the pressure sets the air bag spring rate for the second drive at an isolation rate while the inactive drive motor remains running for the purpose of eliminating false brinnelling in said motor. Besides this invention requiring two separate motors, both motors must be continuously run while the conveyor is in operation requiring double the power needed to accomplish the task.
Schrader, U.S. Pat. No. 3,746,149, issued Jul. 17, 1973, and entitled "Reversible Vibratory Feeder", proposes a system that uses air bags as reactor springs set in a single mass system. However, the counterweight wheels needed to accomplish a reasonable stroke is about five times greater than what is needed in a two mass system. As a result, the motor horsepower required is much greater than the power required in a two mass system.
Thomson, U.S. Pat. No. 5,934,446, issued Aug. 10, 1998 uses a quick return flat (zero degree angle of attack) stroke. A forward momentum of the material is created by imposing an input of momentum for a set time. On the return flat stroke, the time input is less than the time input of the forward flat stroke. The result being a forward momentum greater than the reverse momentum creating a forward material flow. By reversing motor rotation, material flow is reversed. This system requires only one motor and only one drive assembly. However, the rate of material travel is greatly restricted for the equivalent stroke of the other inventions with a greater than zero degree angle of attack.
Similarly, the Musschoot U.S. Pat. No. 6,029,796, issued Feb. 29, 2000, uses a flattened elliptical stroke that generates a forward momentum to the material on the upward stroke of the flattened ellipse by creating a plus g-force and a slightly lesser g-force on the return stroke which subtracts from the momentum of the material travel speed. Although this arrangement creates a bi-directional material travel flow by reversing motor rotation, the travel speed of the material is greatly limited because of the relatively small difference of momentum created by the forward and reverse vertical stroke.
These prior art systems illustrate the advantage a two mass or a single mass sub-resonant natural frequency conveyor wherein the motor counterweighted wheels are considerably smaller than the counterweighted wheels on the brute force prior-art conveyor required to generate the same amplitude. Such a design would result in less torque required to rotate the smaller wheels which equates to a smaller horsepower motor.
There remains no system that is truly a bi-directional, two-mass, single motor design and at an angle of attack greater than zero degrees. Accordingly, there exists a need for such a system to provide a bi-directional conveyor to operate at a reduced power requirement.
It is a general object of this disclosure to provide an improved conveyor which utilizes less and smaller component parts, as compared to current practice, thereby greatly reducing manufacture and maintenance costs.
It is another general object of this disclosure to provide a bi-directional conveyor that will drive material more efficiently because of a set angle of attack greater than zero degrees.
It is more specific object of this disclosure to provide a bi-directional conveyor that is isolated from the ground.
These and other objects, features and advantages of this disclosure will be clearly understood through a consideration of the following detailed description.

Single motor two mass bi-directional conveyor