A high-frequency switch operating in a millimeter wave band that includes a signal path having a λ/4 transmission path, for part of two or more branch signal paths that branch from an input connection path via a branch point; an FET, which is shunt-connected between a grounding end and the branch signal paths that are positioned between the λ/4 transmission path and a terminal end, as viewed from the branch point, and used to connect or disconnect the branch signal paths and the grounding end; an output matching circuit, which is positioned on the branch signal paths that are positioned between a terminal end and a connection point for the FET as viewed from the branch point, and includes a shunt-connected stub; and a matching FET, which is connected between the stub and the grounding end and used to connect or disconnect the stub and the grounding end in accordance with the FET's connection/disconnection.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a high-frequency switch, and more particularly to a high-frequency switch that is used to provide RF signal switching for radars and communication apparatuses operating in a millimeter wave band.
2. Description of the Related Art
The application of a microwave device increasingly progresses in accordance with an increase in the degree of computerization. Microwave devices are applied to various fields. For example, there are microwave devices for use in cellular phones, which use a relatively low frequency, microwave devices for use in high-frequency telecommunication, and microwave devices for use in telecommunication equipment such as high-frequency vehicle-mounted radars and observation satellites.
Recently, a small-size, high-speed, high-frequency switch based on a microwave IC (MIC) was developed as a high-speed switch. Further, an MMIC (Monolithic Microwave IC), which is obtained when a connection path and switching element are rendered integral with each other and formed on a semiconductor substrate, is employed so as to raise the speed of the switch and reduce the size of the switch.
The circuit configuration generally employed to form a high-frequency switch that operates in a millimeter wave band is such that the switching element is positioned in parallel with a signal transmission path in order to reduce the transmission loss.
The most basic configuration is an SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw) switch that is formed on a GaAs substrate. The SPDT switch is separated into two branches from an input connection path via a branch point. Each branch is provided with a unit switch. The unit switch is provided with a branch signal path and a switching FET. The switching FET is shunt-connected to the branch signal path.
Each branch signal path includes a λ/4 (λ: the wavelength of an employed RF signal band) transmission path, a switching FET, and a switch-ON matching circuit. The λ/4 transmission path is connected to the branch point closely. The switching FET is shunt-connected via this transmission path to the branch signal path. The switch-ON matching circuit is positioned between a terminal end and a connection point for the switching FET. For example, the matching circuit comprises a transmission path and an open stub.
The switch-ON state is a state in which a signal propagates from an input connection path to a branch signal path output end via a unit switch. In this state, the switching FET for the unit switch is OFF. The switch-OFF state is a state in which the signal from the input connection path is shut off and does not propagate to the branch signal path output end. In this state, the switching FET for the unit switch is ON (conducting). In the following description, the terms "switch-ON" and "switch-OFF" are used to mean the above states respectively.
The SPDT switch configured as described above is such that ON/OFF control is exercised when a predetermined voltage is applied to a gate electrode of the switching FET, and that a switching operation is performed to ensure that the RF signal input from the input connection path is output from the output end of a certain unit switch.
As a well-known conventional high-frequency switch, a 5-branch switch is disclosed, for instance, at paragraphs 0013 and 0014 and FIG. 1 in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-136630. The 5-branch switch is such that five branches are provided from an input connection path via a branch point. This switch includes a signal path and an FET. The signal path is such that each branch signal path is partly provided with a λ/4 transmission path. The FET is shunt-connected to a branch signal path that is positioned between the λ/4 transmission path and a branch signal path on the output terminal side.
As another well-known example, a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) RF switch is disclosed, for instance, at paragraphs 0011 and 0012 and FIG. 2 in JP-A-2005-515657. In this single-pole double-throw RF switch, a MOSFET transistor 23 is connected between an RF common node 25 and a first RF input node 21, and a MOSFET transistor 24 is positioned between the RF common node 25 and a second input node 22 so that the first RF input node 21 and second input node 22 are selectively coupled to the RF common node 25. Further, a shunt transistor 27 is positioned between the first RF input node 21 and MOSFET transistor 23, and a shunt transistor 28 is positioned between the second input node 22 and MOSFET transistor 24. Shunt transistor 27 and shunt transistor 28 of the single-pole double-throw RF switch work to selectively shunt the associated RF input node to a ground when the associated input nodes are not coupled to the RF common node 25 (that is, when a switching transistor (23 or 24) connected to the associated input nodes is turned OFF).
As still another well-known example, a certain configuration for an SPDT switch is disclosed, for instance, at paragraph 0012, paragraphs 0021 to 0024, FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1997-162602. The SPDT switch includes a common terminal and a pair of branch terminals. The branch terminals are respectively connected to the common terminal via a distributed constant path. A pin diode, FET, or other semiconductor switching element is positioned between either of the branch terminals and a grounding region. The distributed constant path has a characteristic impedance that is determined by multiplying the characteristic impedance of a high-frequency transmission system, to which the common terminal and branch terminals are connected, by the fourth root of two. Further, the distributed constant path has a transmission phase angle of 90 degrees.
In the SPDT switch having a matching circuit including an open stub, the impedance in the frequency band employed for the output node of a unit switch on the switch-ON side matches 50 ohms. However, the impedance for the output node of a unit switch on the switch-OFF side is not 50 ohms.
Therefore, when switching is made, there arises a point at which the impedance is open- or short-circuited so that resonance may occur depending on circumstances within a package containing the switch. If resonance occurs within the package, the operations of a radar or communication apparatus may become faulty. It is therefore necessary to reconfigure the paths and the like in order to avoid resonance within the package. It means that an extra design load increases. To avoid resonance, it is also necessary to increase the spacing interval between the ON and OFF terminals. It means that the cost increases due to a change in the package size.


A drug-feeder for children comprises a drug chamber and a drug guider. A rotating member is disposed at a front end of the drug guider and can be rotarily adjusted to optionally inject the liquid drug in the drug chamber in an upward direction or two lateral directions to cure different areas in the oral cavity of the child. The drug chamber and the drug guider are inclinedly connected to form an angle about 130 degrees between them so that when the drug-feeder is Placed in the mouth of the child, the oral cavity of the child can still be clearly seen and no drug will drop onto the tongue of the child before the drug guider reaches the desired position for treatment, preventing the child from resisting against the drug feeding due to the bad taste of drug.

The present invention relates to a drug-feeder for children. The front end of the drug-feeder is disposed with a rotating member which is rotarily adjustable for optionally injecting the drug in an upward direction and or two lateral directions to cure the different areas in the oral cavity of a child so as to achieve the best curing effect. The drug-feeder has a drug guider and a drug chamber downward inclinedly connected to the drug guider to include an angle about 130 degree between them so that when the drug-feeder is Placed in the mouth of the child, the oral cavity of the child can be still clearly seen to facilitate the feeding of drug.
When a child is sick and needs medical treatment, an oral liquid medicine is currently most widely used one. With respect to a child, it is often difficult to accomplish the drug feeding. Therefore, a drug-feeder for a child has been developed for eliminating the trouble caused during feeding the child an oral liquid drug with a spoon. Although such conventional drug-feeder can eliminate the shortcoming that the child will resist the drug feeding due to the taste of the drug, the conventional drug-feeder still cannot completely avoid the drops of drug from incidentally dropping onto the tongue of the child. Moreover, to avoid the child from being choked by the drug, the child is often properly laid inclinedly when being fed with the conventional drug-feeder properly downward inclinedly positioned above the tongue of the child. At this point, the drug in the feeder will usually gradually drop out of the drug-feeder as shown in FIG. 7. As a result, the child will more or less taste the drug and resist the drug feeding. In addition, when the conventional drug-feeder is placed in the mouth of the child, the sight of the oral cavity of the child is obstacled by the drug-feeder and the areas needing cure cannot be clearly seen and thus the curing effect is inversely affected.


A method for conditionally performing a SIMD operation causing a predetermined number of result objects to be held in a combination of different ones of a plurality of destination stores, the method comprising receiving and decoding instruction fields to determine at least one source store, a plurality of destination stores and at least one control store, said source and destination stores being capable of holding one or a plurality of objects, each object defining a SIMD lane. Conditional execution of the operation on a per SIMD lane basis is controlled using a plurality of pre-set indicators of the at least one control store designated in the instruction, wherein each said pre-set indicator i controls a predetermined number of result lanes p, where p takes a value greater than or equal to two. A predetermined number of result objects are sent to the destination stores such that the predetermined number of result objects are held by a combination of different ones of the plurality of destination stores.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a computer system for conditionally carrying out an operation defined in a computer instruction, and particularly to methods and means for controlling conditional execution of instructions which cause results to be held in multiple destination stores.
2. Background
Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) computer systems are known which act on so-called packed operands. That is, each operand comprises a plurality of packed objects held in respective lanes of the operand. The degree of packing can vary and for sixty-four bit operands it is known to provide eight bit objects (8 objects per 64 bit operand), 16 bit objects (4 objects per 64 bit operand) and 32 bit objects (2 objects per 64 bit operand). A known computer system can conditionally execute instructions on a per operand lane basis according to respective condition codes held in a condition code register. This known computer system is described in detail in WO 01/06353 A10. A problem with this type of computer system is that it does not provide for per SIMD lane conditional execution of instructions which cause results to be sent to a plurality of different result stores. A further problem with this type of known system is the need to manage the contents of a test register by means of additional operations to control which lanes are executed.
The present invention seeks to provide an improved method and apparatus for conditionally executing instructions.

Conditional execution with multiple destination stores


An objective of the present invention is to provide a grille for a hair shaver. In the present invention, by the combination of V-shaped hair shaving slots (including hair shaving long slots and hair shaving short slots) formed on the support surfaces at preset intervals, while contacting with the skin by the support surfaces, the hair is distributed to the hair shaving long slots and the hair shaving short slots on two sides, so that the hair is easier to enter a hair shaving region without escaping against the support surfaces. Accordingly, without reducing the effective hair shaving area, it is convenient for long hair to enter a hair shaving part, and a larger effective hair shaving length is obtained; and meanwhile, an effective support is provided for the skin, and the skin is prevented from being scratched by a blade.

For hair shavers, particularly rotary hair shavers, the hair is allowed to enter a particular region of a grille by providing hair inlet slots and hair inlet holes, and the hair is then shaved by coordination of the grille with blades. However, conventional narrow hair inlet slots are disadvantageous for the entrance of long hair. Although the long hair can be allowed to enter smoothly by increasing the width of the hair inlet slots, the skin cannot be effectively supported, so that the skin is easy to enter the hair inlet slots, resulting in a risk of scratching the skin.

Haining Xinyi Machinery Electrical Co., Ltd.


A method for sensing a wave-front of specimen light scattered from an illuminated area in a specimen (10) includes the steps of focusing illumination light into the specimen (10), directing specimen light scattered in the specimen (10) to a detector device (50) having a plurality of detector elements (51) and being capable to sense light with local resolution, detecting sample light contained in the specimen light with the detector device (50), said sample light being scattered in a predetermined sample plane (11) of the specimen (10) and being selected by a time-based gating of the specimen light, locally resolved measuring phase information of the sample light, and reconstructing the wave-front of the sample light on the basis of the phase information. Furthermore, a method of microscopic imaging with adapted illumination light is described.

An important goal of in-vivo microscopy is diffraction limited imaging from layers deep within biological specimens. In practice, diffraction limited resolution is often not achievable due to distortions of the wave-front introduced by refractive index inhomogeneities in the specimen.
An analogue problem is present in astronomy where wave-front distortions may be caused by refractive index variations due to turbulences in the atmosphere. These distortions are routinely corrected using adaptive optics (see F. Merkle et al. "Successful Tests of Adaptive Optics" in "ESO messenger", vol. 58, 1989, pages 1-4). Adaptive wave-front correction can be obtained by determining the distortion e.g. with the help of a bright star or an artificial reference such as a "laser guide-star". The wave-front distortion is directly measured by subjecting light from the reference star e.g. to a Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor (B. Platt et al. "Lenticular Hartmann Screen" in "Optical Sciences Center Newsletter", vol. 5, 1971, p. 15). In the Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor, the wave-front to be measured is directed to a regular array of microlenses. In the focal plane of these lenses, a CCD camera detects the light distribution of all lenses passed by the wave-front. The wave-front is reconstructed numerically from this distribution of light portions.
In microscopy, the adaptation technique known from infrared astronomy generally cannot be applied since neither natural nor artificial "guide stars" are available in a specimen like e.g. a biological specimen. The only situation where wavefront measuring techniques from astronomy can be directly applied is when the light comes primarily from the focal plane. This is the case in the eye, where a single tissue layer (the retina) reflects or backscatters most of the light, which can than be used to determine the distortion caused by lens and cornea (see J. F. Bille et al. "Imaging of retina by scanning laser tomography" in "Proc. SPIE", vol. 1161, 1989, p. 417-425; J. Z. Liang et al. "Supernormal vision and high-resolution retina imaging through adapted optics" in "J. Opt. Soc. Am. A", vol. 14 (11), 1997, p. 2884-2892).
Generally, biological or synthetical specimens have an inhomogeneous structure with different refractive indices in different structures. As an example, in a biological specimen a blood vessel may lie between a focal region of interest and a surface of the specimen causing an essential distortion of the light to be detected. For these less favourable biological specimens, wave-front measuring techniques from astronomy cannot be directly applied. Therefore, techniques have been proposed, which use the fact that one has considerable control of and information about the wave-front of the light source (e.g. scanning laser) for illuminating the specimen.
One conventional approach for wave-front correction in multiphoton or confocal microscopy is an iterative wave-front optimization using a search algorithm based on trial distortions of the incident wave-front. As an example, O. Albert et al. ("Smart microscope: an adaptive optics learning system for aberration correction in multi-photon confocal microscopy" in "Optics Letters", vol. 25, 2000, p. 52-54) propose 5 an illumination of the specimen with a computer-controlled deformable mirror in conjunction with a learning algorithm to compensate for the static off axis aberrations. This approach uses the fact that the amount of fluorescence generated in the focal plane of the specimen strongly depends on the quality of the focus. Similar iterative wave-front optimization procedures are described by L. Sherman et al. ("Adaptive correction of death induced aberrations in multi-photon scanning microscopy using a deformable mirror" in "Journal of Microscopy", vol. 206, 2002, p. 65-71), and P. M. Marsh et al. ("Practical implementation of adaptive optics in multi-photon microscopy" in "Optics Express", vol. 11, 2003, p. 1123-1130).
These trial-and-error approaches can be used in thick, scattering samples such as e.g. brain tissue. However, these conventional procedures have the following disadvantages. Generally, the conventional procedures allow indirect measurements only. This means, that detecting of any wave-front distortion requires an illumination with a deformed illumination wavefront. Secondly, the iterative wave-front optimization requires the presence of a sufficiently bright fluorescence signal. Therefore, samples with sensitive fluorophores cannot be investigated due to photo bleaching. Furthermore, the iterative optimization is only feasible if the search space is sufficiently low dimensional, which limits the order to which distortion can be corrected. A further disadvantages is related to the high time consumption of the search algorithm using the deformable mirror.
M. A. A. Neil et al. ("Adaptive aberration correction in a two-photon-microscope" in "Journal of Microscopy", vol. 200, 2000, p. 105-108) have proposed a direct measurement of the wave-front by evaluating the fluorescence emission of a specimen. The fluorescence measurement represents an essential disadvantage with regard to the investigation of sensitive samples.

Method and device for wave-front sensing

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften e.V.


In one embodiment, a method for trailer safety is provided. The method includes: receiving a request to perform a trailer safety check, wherein the request is associated with a vehicle and a trailer; in response to the request, providing a trailer safety checklist, wherein the trailer safety checklist includes a plurality of user-interface elements, and at least one of the user-interface elements corresponds to a light component of the trailer; receiving a first signal indicating that an operator has selected the user-interface element corresponding to the light component of the trailer, wherein the operator is located outside of the vehicle; and in response to the first signal, causing the light component of the trailer corresponding to the selected user-interface element to turn on.

When a trailer is attached to a vehicle, there are certain trailer and vehicle components that the driver of the vehicle should check are functioning correctly before driving with the trailer attached. These may include checking that the trailer is correctly attached to the vehicle, and that the lights of the trailer are functioning correctly. With respect to the lights of the trailer, the driver should verify that the turn signals of the trailer turn on when the corresponding turn signals of the vehicle are activated, and that the brake lights of the trailer turn on when the corresponding brake lights of the vehicle are activated.
Some systems for verifying that a trailer is working currently exist. Typically, these systems provide an electronic checklist of the trailer and vehicle components that the driver should check before driving.
However, there are drawbacks associated with such systems. First, the current verification systems do not prevent the driver of the vehicle from operating the vehicle without first verifying that the trailer components are all functional. Second, these verification systems often require that the driver leave the vehicle to observe the trailer components, and therefore require at least two persons to test certain trailer components.
For example, with respect to light components, to determine if the trailer brake lights are functioning correctly, the driver must first actuate the vehicle brakes, and then must rely on another person to stand behind the trailer and verify that the trailer brake lights turned on as expected. This problem is further exacerbated when it is determined that one of the light components of the trailer is not working correctly, as the driver must continuously enter and exit the vehicle as they attempt to troubleshoot the light components.

Systems and methods for trailer safety compliance

Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.


The present invention relates to devices for carrying firearms, including rifles, and methods for making and using devices of the present invention.

Firearms are used in many situations, including hunting, law enforcement and combat. Those using firearms are at times in need of freeing their hands while having the firearm close by and ready and available, preferably so the firearm can be reached by the user without undue delay. Devices that allow having more than one firearm close by and ready for use would also be useful. Preferably, a device that disposes a firearm in a close and ready to use position outside the user's hands would not excessively interfere with actions and operations of the user of the firearm. Devices to dispose of a firearm in a ready to use position should also be simple, easy to manufacture, and reliable in their use.
There remains a need for better devices for disposing of firearms in a ready to use position, while outside the user's hands. The present invention describes such devices and methods for making and using such devices.

Devices for carrying firearms and related methods


A method for removing an oxide material from a crack in a substrate, the method includes: applying a slurry paste comprising a fluoride salt to the crack; heating the slurry paste and the crack to at least a melting point of the fluoride salt to form a reaction product; and removing the reaction product.

This disclosure relates to a method for removing oxide from a turbine component, and more particularly, for removing oxide formed in cracks of the turbine component.
Metal alloys are often used in industrial environments, which include extreme operating conditions. As an example, gas turbine engines are often subjected to repeated thermal cycling during operation. The standard operating temperature of turbine engines continues to be increased, to achieve improved fuel efficiency. The turbine engine components (and other industrial parts) are often formed of superalloys, which can withstand a variety of extreme operating conditions.
In addition, turbine components, e.g., gas turbine airfoils, can develop cracks. During service, these cracks are often exposed to oxidizing conditions. Under such conditions, which often include temperatures in the range of about 1400–2100° F. (about 760–1149° C.), various oxidized products (mainly thermally-grown oxide or "TGO") are formed on and within the cracks.
When turbine engine components are overhauled, the cracks are repaired. A conventional method for repairing these cracks is a brazing procedure known as Activated Diffusion Healing ("ADH"). However, in order to perform this repair procedure, the oxide in the crack must be completely removed since oxides, in particular aluminum, titanium, and chromium oxides, prevent wetting of the alloy surface by the braze material.
The conventional method for cleaning the oxide from the cracks is known as "fluoride ion cleaning" ("FIC"), which is a high temperature gas-phase treatment of the component with hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen gas. The FIC method has certain drawbacks because the equipment is expensive to purchase, operate, and maintain. In addition, hydrogen fluoride is a hazardous chemical and thus, it is desirable to develop an alternative method for cleaning oxide from the cracks in gas turbine airfoils.

Method for removing oxide from cracks in turbine components


An apparatus (10) for irradiating a target includes a radiation source (12) for generating a radiation beam and a multiple leaf beam adjuster (16) for collimating and adjusting the shape of the radiation beam from the radiation source (12) that would be projected on the target. An image detector (17) detects generates an image signal of the target. In response to the image signal, a control module (18) generate a beam adjustment signal for controlling the beam adjuster (16), thereby enabling the radiation beam from the radiation source (12) to track the movement of the target.

Radiation therapy is widely used for the treatment of tumors. A course of radiation therapy typically includes a planning session and one or more treatment sessions. During the planning session, an oncologist obtains information describing the nature, location, size, and shape of the tumor. Based on the information, the oncologist develops a treatment plan that includes such parameters as radiation beam energy, radiation dose, treatment duration, etc. The treatment plan is executed during the treatment sessions.
In an intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), the radiation intensity projected onto different parts of the tumor can be adjusted according to the treatment plan. The intensity modulation enables the oncologist to adjust the radiation dose received by different parts of the patient's body. Using IMRT, the oncologist can deliver a high radiation dose to the tumor, thereby increasing the therapy efficiency and reducing the inadvertent radiation exposure of the healthy tissues surrounding the tumor.
During a treatment session, the tumor may move due to the breathing or gastric and intestinal movements of the patient. Breathing motion momentarily and repeatedly causes the tumor to move out of the radiation beam and subjects the healthy tissues surrounding the tumor to the radiation. Training the patient for proper breathing techniques may reduce, but not eliminate, the movement of some tumors. The physiological gating of the radiation beam during the treatment session may also reduce the radiation exposure of the healthy tissues by switching off the radiation beam when the tumor moves out of the projected area of the radiation beam. In one gating process, the movement of the tumor is approximated as sinusoidal with a frequency equal to the inhale/exhale frequency of the patient. In another gating process, markers are placed on patient's thorax and/or abdomen to facilitate the detection of patient breathing and/or gastric and intestinal movements. Although the physiological gating process can reduce the radiation exposure of the tissues surrounding the tumor, it may prolong the duration of the treatment session by periodically switching off the radiation beam. This may reduce the throughput of the radiation therapy.
According, it would be advantageous to have an apparatus and a method for tracking the tumor movement during a radiation treatment therapy. It would also be advantageous for the apparatus and the method to be able to adjust the radiation beam in response to the tumor movement. It would be of further advantage if the apparatus can be made by modifying an existing radiation therapy apparatus.

Method and apparatus for irradiating a target

Varian Medical Systems Technologies, Inc.


A method for reducing the effect of a composite triple beat (CTB) of a visual image is obtained by digitizing the signal for the image frame, dividing the digital signal into a plurality of stripes extending perpendicular to the horizontal lines of the image to form subpictures and determining the average intensity of the signal in each of the horizontal lines of each of the subpictures. An average value for each of the lines in each of the subpictures is then obtained and the component of the signal forming the composite triple beat signal for each line of each subpicture is estimated. Then the estimated triple beat signal is subtracted from its corresponding portion of the digitized signal to provide corrected subpictures. The corrected subpictures are then recombined to form a clean signal providing the cleaned visual image. In a preferred arrangement plurality of consecutive frames are treated as above described to provide average corrections for each line based on the average for the corresponding lines in the subpictures in the plurality of frames and then the subpictures for the frame to be shown next are corrected using the average corrections values to provide an even clearer signal.

Composite triple beat (CTB) impairments, one of the major impairments in cable television, are known to be caused by the non-linearity of amplifiers in the cable distribution network. Composite triple beats (CTB) manifest themselves as horizontal streaking patterns on the picture and are extremely irritating to viewers, to the extent that the threshold of perceptibility is found to be significantly higher than other noise levels (currently the CTB is noticeable at readings about 57 dB in terms of carrier-to-CTB noise ratio (CNR)).
When a number of different channels are transmitted simultaneously through the same cable network, these signals must be amplified at various locations along the network and since the amplifiers are not ideally linear, third-order distortion inevitably occurs forming what is known as third-order intermodulation beat products having frequencies that are combinations of the carrier frequencies of any two or three of the transmitted channels. A composite triple beat (CTB) is a cluster of such spurious signals having similar frequencies.
There is no known system for reducing or substantially eliminating the visual effect of CTB.

Signal correction for composite triple beat impairments


The present invention relates to using spin transfer torque underneath a nanocontact on a magnetic thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), provides generation of dissipative magnetic droplet solitons and report on their rich dynamical properties. Micromagnetic simulations identify a wide range of automodulation frequencies including droplet oscillatory motion, droplet “spinning”, and droplet “breather” states. The droplet can be controlled using both current and magnetic fields, and is expected to have applications in spintronics, magnonics, and PMA-based domain-wall devices.

Spin oscillator devices, such as spin-torque oscillators (STO:s) that utilise spin angular momentum are known.
Dissipative solitons are localized excitations realized by a balance between nonlinearity, dispersion, gain, and loss. They can be experimentally observed in optical, chemical, granular, and liquid dissipative systems. Large amplitude nano-scale dynamics in magnetic thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) inherently possess all mechanisms supporting dissipative solitons except for gain.
Dissipative solitons have been reported in a wide range of nonlinear systems, but the observation of their magnetic analogue has been experimentally challenging. However, using STT as a gain mechanism in nanocontact (NC) based STOs, a magnetic dissipative soliton, a so-called "magnetic droplet", was recently proposed theoretically, but not realised. In particular, no strong enough, useful signal could be provided.
Dissipative solitons are often robust attractors and can exhibit exotic dynamics, such as time-periodic breathing making realization and practical use impossible.
Thus, there is still need to solve this, which has not been possible until now.


This invention discloses an electronic cigarette, which comprises an electronic cigarette main body having a sucking rod and a power rod mutually butted with the sucking rod, and a paper protecting sleeve sleeved around an outer side of the electronic cigarette main body. The sucking rod is provided with an atomizing device for atomizing the liquid smoke to fogged smoke, the sucking rod has one end thereof provided with a sucking nozzle and another end thereof butted with the power rod. The power rod is provided with a battery therein for providing power to the atomizing device. The paper protecting sleeve sleeved and the wooden nozzle cover efficiently enhances touchfeel and mouthfeel of the electronic cigarette; multiple electronic cigarette main bodies or multiple sucking rods enriches electronic cigarette tastes; and the multiple power rods ensures power supply for the electronic cigarette.

Outer main levers of current electronic cigarettes generally use metallic material or plastic material, the touch feel is greatly different from that of the conventional smokes, the simulation is not strong; at the same time, because the electronic cigarettes adopt plastic material or metallic material, the characteristics of metal and plastic materials affect the mouthfeel to a certain extent, the electronic cigarette smokers is difficult to gain the experience of inhaling the conventional cigarettes, which would affect promotion and application of the electronic cigarettes.
At the same time, since the current electronic cigarettes have single taste, and the liquid smoke and batteries in the electronic cigarettes usually can not be fully utilized, the electronic cigarettes have a short life, this is easy to cause unnecessary waste, and smoking expenditures is large for smokers.

Electronic cigarette and electronic cigarette device

HUIZHOU KIMREE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD., SHENZHEN BRANCH


In an internal OPO, a substrate comprising a thin film lies along an axis and a first mirror reflects first wavelength light. A gain medium lases and polarizes light entering therein and a Q-switch attenuates and transmits first wavelength light. An HR/HT mirror passes first wavelength light and reflects a second wavelength light, and an OPO rod converts a portion of the first wavelength light into second wavelength light. An output coupler (OC) reflects first wavelength light and passes a portion of second wavelength light, the first wavelength reflecting between the first mirror, the OC and through the gain medium and the Q-switch. The second wavelength light reflects between the HR/HT mirror and OC and through the OPO rod. The invention applies to external OPO as well.

The present invention relates to solid state lasers having an output in the near infrared, especially those lasers which have a compact size and have a high peak output power.
Recent advances in lasers have lead to monoblock lasers which feature a number of optical elements assembled on a substrate to provide a single piece laser of a compact size. These monoblock lasers are used in the area of range finding and surveying applications, and have been used in commercial and military applications. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,556,614, 6,373,865 and 6,744,801 to Nettleton show monolithic and pseudo-monblithic laser resonators on a substrate.
Monoblock lasers resonators have a set of gain rods, generally a Q-switch and an OPO with various mirrors arranged linearly along the length of a substrate. Light from flash lamps or from diode lasers is coupled into a rod of lasing material such as Nd:YAG or the like, and the light moves bidirectionally through the rod, bouncing between a highly reflective (HR) mirror and an output coupler (OC) mirror placed on either end of the lasing rod. In range finding applications there generally is a Q-switch to provide a pulsed output.
In some applications, an eye-safe (near infrared wavelength (e.g., 1.54 micron)) laser output is desirable. To that end, an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is introduced into the optical path, to change the output wavelength from 1.1 micron, the output wavelength of the commonly used Nd:YAG lasing material, to a desired eye-safe wavelength such as 1.54 micron.
Certain monoblock laser designs have combinations of lamps above the gain rods and/or discrete reflectors placed underneath the substrate, in order to achieve acceptable lasing thresholds at a given power consumption. This method suffers from undesirably high scattering losses in the fine-ground substrate as well as angle-of-acceptance issues which prevent the reflected light from entering the gain rods. Another known method includes gluing a metal strip under the gain rods, which compromises glue joint integrity and leads to peeling of the metal strip because of undesirable thermal expansion coefficient mismatches. Furthermore, as monoblock lasers with wavelength shifting are commonly used in applications where power consumption must be minimized, it is desirable to minimize the amount of power required to operate the laser.
Consequently, a need exists for a monoblock laser which couples light into the gain rods more efficiently, but which does not increase overall input power requirements for the laser.

Monoblock laser with reflective substrate

Abstract: The thin film reflects the light towards the gain medium, permitting a lower power lightsource and increasing the efficiency of the gain medium.


The present invention relates to certain pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods of using them, including methods for the treatment of tumors and related diseases related to the dysregulation of kinase (such as EGFR (including HER), Alk, PDGFR, but not limited to) pathways.

Protein kinases are a group of enzymes that regulate diverse, important biological processes including cell growth, proliferation, survival, invasion and differentiation, organ formation, tissue repair and regeneration, etc. Protein kinases exert their physiological functions through catalyzing the phosphorylation of protein and thereby modulating the cellular activities. Because protein kinases have profound effects on cells, their activities are highly regulated. Kinases are turned on or off by phosphorylation (sometimes by autophosphorylation), by binding of activator proteins or inhibitor proteins, or small molecules, or by controlling their location in the cell relative to their substrates. Dysfunctions in the activities of kinases, arising from genetic abnormalities or environmental factors, are known to be associated with many diseases. Several severe pathological states, including cancer and chronic inflammation, are associated with stimulation of intra-cellular signaling, and since kinases positively relay signaling events, their inhibition offers a powerful way to inhibit or control signal transduction cascades.
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB-1; HER1 in humans) is a member of the ErbB family of receptors, a subfamily of four closely related receptor tyrosine kinases: EGFR (ErbB-1), HER2/c-neu (ErbB-2), Her 3 (ErbB-3) and Her 4 (ErbB-4). EGFR is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family (EGF-family) of extracellular protein ligands. Mutations affecting EGFR expression or activity could result in cancer. EGFR is reported deregulated in most solid tumor types i.e. lung cancer, breast cancer and brain tumor. It is estimated that mutations, amplifications or misregulations of EGFR or family members are implicated in about 30% of all epithelial cancers. Therapeutic approaches have been developed based on the inhibition of EGFR by either antibody drug or small molecular inhibitor drug, such as gefitinib and erlotinib. In the case of non-small cell lung cancer, gefitinib and erlotinib have shown benefit for about 10-40% of the patients. However, acquired resistant to gefitinib or erlotinib after a period of treatment become a major clinical problem. Research has confirmed that one main reason resistance developed is due to the presence of a new mutation of T790M, which is the gatekeeper of EGFR. Subsequently, inhibitors can overcome this T790M have been developed and showed advantage in the clinical trial, such as BIBW2992. However, these T790M targeted EGFR inhibitor still has relative inhibitory activity towards wild type EGFR which limit the clinical application. It is needed to further develop more efficient type of EGFR inhibitor which will target substantially the mutation and not substantially the wild type protein.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A network controller with a bootable Host Bus Adapter, particularly suitable for iSCSI applications is described. In one example, this includes, a host bus interface, a register to the host bus indicating a mass storage device, a network interface, and a boot memory extension including a driver for the mass storage device that binds to a BIOS.

iSCSI (Internet Small Computer System Interface) HBAs (Host Bus Adapters) (also known as initiators) are typically built as add-on adapter cards, such as PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) cards, that appear to the host as SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) cards. The SCSI cards get SCSI commands and encapsulate these commands as iSCSI payload over TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). This encapsulated payload is sent over an Ethernet LAN (Local Area Network) connection to an iSCSI server (also known as an iSCSI target).
iSCSI HBAs typically integrate a TOE (TCP/IP Offload Engine) or a microprocessor that runs the iSCSI and TCP/IP protocol stack. Such iSCSI HBAs need a BIOS (Basic Input Output System) boot ROM (Read Only Memory) to allow the SCSI card to boot an OS (Operating System). iSCSI HBAs also need a host OS SCSI Miniport driver for the continuation of the OS boot when the BIOS hands off the control to the OS. This SCSI Miniport driver continues to serve the OS while it is running to access the SCSI or iSCSI exposed or connected disk. iSCSI HBA cards are expensive because they have a TOE and large memories for their operation including the boot ROM.
An alternative iSCSI system uses an iSCSI initiator driver that plugs underneath the OS storage stack as a SCSI driver and converts the OS SCSI commands to iSCSI payload. This payload is sent on top of the OS TCP/IP stack. With this software initiator driver that runs on the host CPU (Central Processing Unit), the OS can access iSCSI targets using a low cost LAN controller.
Running off the LAN controller requires that the LAN stack be running before the iSCSI initiator driver starts to run. The LAN stack loads from the OS boot disk where the OS is stored and this is done using the OS storage Miniport driver. Typically the storage driver is loaded to the host memory by the BIOS boot process which includes very basic essential components like the storage drivers that are marked as boot time drivers. The LAN stack is not loaded at this time so that the iSCSI initiator provided by the OS can not work at this early stage. This may prevent the system from booting up completely from the remote iSCSI target.

LAN controller with bootable host bus adapter

B{hacek over (e)}lono{hacek over (z)}nik


A corner joint for fenestration frames and the like includes first and second frame members having hollow interiors and ends joined in abutment. A corner key insert has legs inserted into the ends of the frame members. End portions of the legs engage the hollow interiors of the frame members forming adhesive cavities within the frame members and along the end portions of the corner key legs. Adhesive is disposed within the cavities to bond the corner key legs to the frame members, thereby creating a structural joint between the frame members. The corner key insert may include multiple injection ports for delivering adhesive to the cavities from a selected side of the frame assembly. Legs of the corner key may have notches formed therein to receive an internal wall of the frame members, and distal ends of the legs may include a flow barrier that contours along the notches.

Fenestration systems may consist of windows, doors, and other panels installed into frames. The frames generally comprise multiple elongate frame members joined together at their ends to form a geometric shape, e.g., a square, rectangle, or some other polygon. The frame members may be straight or curved. In some cases, frame members are formed of a polymer or composite material using an extrusion process that facilitates the formation of complex cross-sectional shapes and relatively thin perimeter walls surrounding hollow portions. In some cases, end-to-end joining of extruded frame members incorporates a structural component inserted into hollow internal spaces in the extruded frame members. When, frame members are joined together at a corner, the structural insert is often referred to as a corner key. The corner key may be attached to the frame members via mechanical fasteners such as screws, rivets, etc. or via adhesive. When adhesive is used, the joint is optionally formed by assembling the joint prior to applying the adhesive and then injecting liquid adhesive through an injection port on an exterior surface or corner ridge of the frame members at or near the joint. International Publication No. WO 02/34502 A2 describes one such internally bonded joint structure utilizing an injectable corner insert and an injection port formed in the lineal frame members along the joint line.
The present inventor has recognized a need for improved joints and joining methods that may reduce cost and/or enhance the appearance of finished products.

Systems and methods for joining fenestration frame members


A precursor delivery system is described herein. Some embodiments provide a precursor delivery system capable of providing a uniform gas flow comprising precursor into a processing chamber for atomic layer deposition processes. Some embodiments of the precursor delivery system comprise a reservoir with an inlet line, an outlet line and an outlet valve. Further embodiments comprise a precursor source, an inlet valve, a heater, a processing chamber and a controller. Additional embodiments relate to methods for using a precursor delivery system.

Efficient atomic layer deposition processes require that a precursor be pulsed into a chamber in a relatively short period of time. As device requirements grow increasingly smaller, the surface area of these devices increases. Accordingly, the amount of precursor which must be delivered to the substrate for complete saturation also increases.
Additionally, current delivery systems often fail to deliver consistent precursor concentrations over time. In some cases, the pulse delivered is higher in concentration at the beginning of a pulse than at the end of a pulse. In some cases, the concentration of precursor is higher at the beginning of a process than at the end of a process. These variations can lead to irregular deposition and device failure. Further, some current delivery systems often deliver precursor pulses which contain particles of solid precursors.
Accordingly, there is a need for precursor delivery systems which provide consistent, high concentration pulses of precursors.


A nonvolatile memory device is disclosed. The nonvolatile memory device includes a source selector transistor connected at one end thereof to a source line, a plurality of cell selector transistors connected in series with each other and to the other end of said source selector transistor and a basic memory unit including a variable resistor element which is constituted as a memory element to store bit information and is provided for each of said cell selector transistors, being connected at one end thereof to the drain terminal of said cell selector transistor and connected at the other end thereof to the bit line. The source selector transistor and said cell selector transistor provided between one end of said variable resistor element to be accessed and said source line are controlled to turn on.

A nonvolatile semiconductor memory device disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-25914 has such a constitution as a memory cell 110 is formed by connecting one end of a variable resistor element with the drain of a selector transistor, while a plurality of the memory cells are arranged in rows and columns to form a memory array 1010, as shown in FIG. 8. The plurality of memory cells disposed in one row are connected to a word line at the gate of the selector transistor, and the plurality of memory cells disposed in one column are connected to a bit line at the other end of the variable resistor element. The plurality of memory cells 110 disposed in one row or in one column are connected to a source line at the source of the selector transistor.
However, the prior art technology described above has such a constitution as the memory cell 110 formed by connecting the variable resistor element and the selector transistor is provided for each bit of information, while the word line, the bit line and the source line are connected to each memory cell 110.
In the prior art technology described above, the memory cell 110 is used as the basic unit, with a plurality of the memory cells 110 arranged in a matrix of rows and columns so as to form the memory array 1010. This constitution is well known in the field of randomly accessible storage devices such as DRAM or NOR type flash memory. A storage device having this constitution uses each memory cell as the basic unit, while the word line, the bit line and the source line are connected to each memory cell, thus resulting in restraint on the degree of integration with respect to the circuit layout.
For example, the circuit layout requires it to connect the variable resistor element that constitutes the memory cell 110 and the selector transistor by means of a contact layer and secure a contact region in accordance to the layout of the contact layer. In addition, it is necessary to secure a contact region for connecting the memory cell 110 to each of the word line, the bit line and the source line. This means that four contact regions must be provided for each of the memory cells 110. The four contact regions and the requirements imposed on the circuit layout by the constitution of the memory array 1010 may restrict the improvement in the degree of integration.

Nonvolatile memory device and method to control the same


Systems, computer program products, and methods are described herein for preserving image and acoustic sensitivity using reinforcement learning. The present invention is configured to initiate a file editing engine on the audiovisual file to separate the audiovisual file into a video component and an audio component; initiate a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm on the video component to identify one or more sensitive portions in the one or more image frames; initiate an audio word2vec algorithm on the audio component to identify one or more sensitive portions in the audio component; initiate a masking algorithm on the one or more image frames and the audio component; generate a masked video component and a masked audio component based on at least implementing the masking action policy; and bind, using the file editing engine, the masked video component and the masked audio component to generate a masked audiovisual file.

Large amount of video data are ubiquitously generated in personal devices and dedicated video recording facilities on a daily basis. Analyzing such data would be extremely beneficial in real world through robust machine learning techniques. However, such audiovisual files may contain private, sensitive information which are not authorized for transmission and/or display.
There is a need for a system for preserving image and acoustic sensitivity using reinforcement learning.

System for preserving image and acoustic sensitivity using reinforcement learning


A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: forming multiple spacers having a cavity on the upper substrate or on the lower substrate; injecting adhesives or binders in the cavities of the spacers; and curing the adhesives or the binders in the cavities to bind the upper substrate and the lower substrate. Through the method illustrated above, the strength for combining these two substrates can be enhanced. Moreover, the uniformity of the gap inside the LCD panel, and the gravity mura resulted from the gravity can be improved. Therefore, the lifetime of the LCD can be extended.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for fabricating a panel of a flat panel display device, and more particularly, to a panel of a liquid crystal display device.
2. Description of Related Art
Currently, most of the present liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are laid on the desks or hooked on the walls vertically. However, when the liquid crystal filled in a panel of the LCD is heated by the external heat source (e.g., illumination of the backlight module), the liquid crystal are apt to flow toward the bottom side of the vertical LCD because of the thermal expansion and gravity. Hence, the flow of the liquid crystal results in the expansion of the gap between the two substrates of the panel, and further causes the non-uniform distribution of the gap and the color. Moreover, even modern manufacturing process cannot produce a panel with identical heights of spacers in the panel. The amount of the dropped liquid crystal filled in the panel cannot be controlled. Therefore, the mura, especially on the bottom side of the panel of the vertical LCD, cannot be avoided. In addition, the problem illustrated above may become serious as the large-sized panel is produced in future.
In addition to the deterioration of the display quality, the problem illustrated above also shortens the lifetime of the LCD by distorting the bottom side of the panel. Therefore, the heights of the spacers applied in the lower half portion of the vertical conventional LCD panel is longer than that of the upper half portion of the same LCD panel. In other words, the gap of the lower half portion of the vertical conventional LCD panel is larger than that of the upper portion of the vertical conventional LCD panel. By way of the arrangement illustrated above, the distortion of the liquid crystal swelled by heat can be well moderated. However, since the gap is not the same, the display quality is not good. On the other hand, an LCD panel with both scattered spacers and photo spacers are also suggested to solve the illustrated problem. The scattered spacers are expected to solve the non-uniform distribution of colors (mura). Unfortunately, the scattered spacers facilitate light leakage and further reduce the contrast of the images. Furthermore, the scattered spacers are also easy to aggregate and scratch the surface of the substrate. Some researchers suggested divide each pixel independently to make the liquid crystal not flow smoothly. Therefore, the pressure difference between the upper half portion and the lower half portion can be reduced. However, the diffusion of the liquid crystal become poor and further causes other problems in the subsequent manufacturing process.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide an improved method to mitigate the aforementioned problems.

Method for manufacturing LCD panel comprising spacers having cavity filled with adhesive


Method and apparatus for ventilating an interior space, such as a large industrial structure with at least one bay opening. A ventilation system includes an array of M by N fans stacked into a two dimensional (2D) array. A rigid frame supports the array. A seal assembly provides a nominally fluid-tight seal between an outer perimeter of the array and the bay opening. A locking assembly mechanically couples the frame to the bay opening. In some cases, a bay door can be partially retracted and attached to a top of the frame. In other cases, the bay door may be fluidically permeable (e.g., a chain, a screen, etc.) and the array is secured behind a fully closed door. Cooling air is directed out the bay opening at a suitable time, such as overnight. A soft-start motor capability can be used to initiate operation of the array.

Ventilation systems are used to supply environmentally controlled air to the interior of a structure, such as a residential habitation (e.g., a house) or an industrial space (e.g., a warehouse, etc.). A particularly useful type of ventilation system is sometimes referred to as a Whole House Fan ("WHF") system.
A typical WHF system operates to draw cooler outside air through the structure and then back out to the surrounding environment. The system is often operated at night or during other periods of time when the outside temperature is lower than the inside temperature. Large volumes of air are moved with sufficient dwell time to draw and transfer heat from the interior space to the surrounding environment. It has been found that WHF systems can often maintain a desired cool interior temperature with little or no need to operate traditional HVAC equipment, producing significant energy cost savings for a user.
While WHF systems have been found operable in reducing cooling costs and enhancing indoor comfort, there remains a continual need for improved efficiencies and applications. It is to these and other advancements that the present disclosure is directed.

Ventilation system for a large industrial space


A method of receiving broadcast data streams for supporting a broadcast service, wherein the broadcast data streams include a multi-view video coding (MVC) base view video stream and at least one a MVC extended view stream; identifying a stream type field and a priority_id field of the broadcast data streams using a table, wherein a value of the stream type field indicates a codec of the MVC base view video stream or the at least one MVC extended view stream, wherein the priority_id field indicates priority information on the broadcast data streams of multi-view video, and wherein a value of the priority_id field with respect to the MVC base view video stream is set to be equal to zero; processing the broadcast data stream using the identified stream type and the priority_id field to support the broadcast service.

Recently, as the interest in stereoscopic image services is growing, devices for providing stereoscopic images continue to be developed. Among the schemes for implementing such stereoscopic images is a stereoscopic scheme.
A basic principle of the stereoscopic scheme is that images arranged to be perpendicular to the left and right eyes of a person (or a user) are separately input and each image respectively input to the left and right eyes are combined in the user's brain to generate a stereoscopic image. In this case, the arrangement of the images such that they are perpendicular means that the respective images do not interfere with each other.
Methods for preventing interference include a polarization scheme, a time-sequential scheme, and a spectral scheme.
First, the polarization scheme is to separate respective images by using a polarization filter. Namely, the polarization filter perpendicular to an image for the left eye and an image for the right eye is employed to allow different images filtered by the polarization filter to be input to the left and right visual fields. The time-division scheme is that left and right images are alternately displayed and active glasses worn by the user is synchronized with the alternately displayed images to thus separate the respective images. Namely, when the images are alternately displayed, the shutter of the synchronized active glasses opens only the visual field to which a corresponding image is to be input and blocks the other visual field to separately input the left and right images.
The spectral scheme projects left and right images through a spectral filter having a spectrum band in which RGB spectrums do not overlap with each other. With respect to the thusly projected left and right images, the user wears passive glasses including a spectral filter passing through only a spectral area set for the left and right images, thus separately receiving the left and right images.
However, the related art digital broadcast is based on two-dimensional (2D) images. For example, a PSIP (Program and System Information Protocol) used in the ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee) type digital broadcast is targeted only for a 2D image service.
Also, although a 3D image service is provided, it is separately provided from the existing 2D image service, and an integrated image service by associating the existing 2D image service and the 3D image service has not been presented yet.
Thus, even if a 3D image service related to the existing 2D image service is provided through a certain channel, users cannot know about that unless they check them in advance through program guide information, or the like. Also, another problem arises in that a user, who is being provided with a 3D image service, cannot quickly change to the 2D image service when he wants.
For these reasons, although a user wants to utilize the 3D image service, he cannot properly utilize the 3D image service.
Thus, in case a 3D image service with respect to a 2D image service is provided to a channel through which the existing 2D image service is being provided, it is required to signal a channel providing the 3D images related to the 2D image channel. Also, when the 3D image service is being provided, connection information regarding the 2D image service and the 3D image service is required to be provided by signaling the channel providing the 2D images with respect to the corresponding 3D image service.
In addition, a digital broadcast receiving apparatus is required to be configured to properly check and process such signaling.
However, a method for providing an integrated image service to users by connecting a 2D image service and a 3D image service is yet to be implemented.

Digital broadcast receiving method providing two-dimensional image and 3D image integration service, and digital broadcast receiving device using the same


A method of forming an improved EUV mask and pellicle with airflow between the area enclosed by the mask and pellicle and the area outside the mask and pellicle and the resulting device are disclosed. Embodiments include forming a frame around a patterned area on an EUV mask; forming a membrane over the frame; and forming holes in the frame.

Two major issues for EUV lithography (EUVL) manufacture are low source power and defective pellicles. A pellicle is employed in deep ultraviolet lithography (DUVL) to block particles from the mask pattern surface. The pellicle is placed several millimeters (mm) from the pattern plane, such that particles on the pellicle are out of focus, and, therefore, cannot be imaged. An EUV pellicle must have EUV transmission of at least 90% for a single pass and 81% for a double pass, and must have an open area of at least 110 by 142 mm2. However, since most materials absorb EUV wavelengths, building an effective pellicle for an EUV mask is difficult. One attempt to build a pellicle involved etching a membrane onto a wafer. However, the resulting pellicle, a film having a diameter of 80 mm and a film thickness of 25 nm, only achieved 86% single pass transmission. Further, the membrane was very fragile, which increases cost.
Even if a pellicle were formed with the proper specifications, mounting the pellicle onto an EUV mask also poses problems. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, a membrane 101 and silicon frame 103 are etched on a wafer (not shown for illustrative convenience) and then transferred to EUV mask 105 having a pattern area 107, such that the mask, membrane (the pellicle), and frame form a closed or semi-closed area. The membrane is thin, having a thickness 109 of tens of nanometers (nm), and has an area of 110 by 142 mm, and the silicon frame has a height 111 of at least several mm. If the air flow between the inside of the closed area and outside the closed area is not smooth and the air pressure difference on the two sides of the membrane is large, the thin membrane may be damaged. The mask is stored in normal air pressure, but when it is mounted into the EUV scanner, it must be vacuumed. Further, when the mask is shipped by air, there will also be air pressure changes.
A need therefore exists for methodology enabling fabrication of an EUV mask having a pellicle mounted thereto with sufficient air flow between the space enclosed between the mask and the pellicle and the space outside the mask and pellicle and for the resulting mask. Another need is to directly fabricate pellicle onto the EUV mask so the pellicle is not damaged during mounting on the EUV mask.

EUV pellicle frame with holes and method of forming


In a shared-tenant services arrangement, numbering-plan independence and cross-plan access is provided to tenant groups by a call-processing arrangement (200) that stores separate definitions of both syntax (320, 350) and grammar (400, 410) of each group's own extension numbering plan. In response to receipt from a member of an individual tenant group of an extension number unaccompanied by a network dial-access code (DAC), the received extension number is analyzed (210) using the syntax and grammar definitions of the extension numbering plan of the individual group. But in response to receipt from the member of the extension number accompanied by a DAC, the DAC is analyzed using the syntax and grammar definition of the extension numbering plan of the individual group to determine an extension numbering plan that corresponds to the received DAC, and the received extension number is then analyzed using the syntax and grammar definitions of whichever extension numbering plan corresponds to the received DAC.

Shared-tenant services arrangements are well known in the art. They permit a plurality of customer (i.e. tenant) groups, each one of which might otherwise require the services of its own, dedicated, private switching system, (e.g., different businesses within a building) to share the use of a single switching system (e.g., the building's private-branch exchange, or PBX). The shared-tenant services arrangements try to approximate dedicated switching systems in their interactions with individual customer groups and the services that they provide thereto. However, known commercially-available shared-tenant services arrangements have a serious disadvantage in that they require all customer groups to accept the overall limitations inherent in the switching system as if it were serving only a single customer group. Particularly, they require the extension numbering plans for the different customer groups (which together constitute a switching system's internal network numbering plan) to be mutually compatible and non-overlapping with each other.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,259,549 discloses an arrangement that attempts to remove this disadvantage and provide each customer group served by a single switching system with the capability of defining its own extension numbering plan that is independent of the extension numbering plans of the other customer groups. The arrangement has a set of extension translation tables for each customer group. Which set of translation tables is used to determine the intended meaning of a dialed extension is determined by the identity of the switching system physical port at which the extension is received.
While solving the problem of interdependence of the individual extension numbering plans, the proposed arrangement has a serious disadvantage of its own: it does not allow an individual group's members (i.e., switching system physical ports) access to any other extension numbering plan but their own. Consequently, members of one group cannot call members of another group in the same manner (e.g., by dialing the same extension numbers) as the members of the other group would call each other.
The above-referenced patent further illustrates a manner in which blocks of adjacent directory numbers may be made to call for the execution of identical system functions, whether such block of adjacent directory numbers are dialed from the same or different customer groups of stations. A limited degree of cross-plan access is achieved thereby between the different customer groups. However, this capability is achieved by means of overlap of the different customer groups' sets of translation tables, and hence only at the sacrifice of the desired independence of the numbering plans of the different customer groups. In other words, the patent fails to achieve simultaneously both numbering plan independence and cross-plan access from different customer groups.

Shared-tenant services arrangement providing numbering-plan independence and cross-plan access to tenant groups


A method for producing non-cellulosic callose fiber by using plant protoplast, which imposes less burden to the environment with reduced energy consumption compared to conventional natural fibers is provided; it comprises the addition of an inorganic ion to a plant protoplast cultivation system, which leads the plant protoplast to produce non-cellulosic callose fiber.

Fiber materials such as continuous fibers and staple fibers are indispensable in various social and industrial fields. Currently, natural cellulose fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers such as rayon and tensel, and synthetic fibers manufactured by petrochemicals are mainly used as such fiber materials.
However, synthetic fibers are problematic in that they use non-regenerative petroleum resources; also, environmental concerns such as the consumption of large amounts of energy for the preparation of raw materials from petroleum and for the processing of such materials, as well as the problem of waste disposal exist.
On the other hand, although natural cellulose fiber and, regenerated cellulose fiber are expected to support a petroleum-free industry, since such fibers utilize natural products originating from plants, production processes of natural fibers are not necessarily energy-conserving, because rayon and tensel are manufactured by regenerating dissolved cellulose into fibers.
Since means for producing fiber materials with little energy is hoped for in the 21st century, where harmonization of society and environment is expected, novel technical approaches that can solve the problems in the production of natural and regenerative cellulose are urgently called for.
The invention of the present application has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing novel fiber materials with little environmental load and low energy consumption than conventional methods of producing natural fibers.

Process for producing non-cellulosic callose fiber by plant protoplast and callose fiber

Japan Science and Technology Corporation

National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences

Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute


A replacement or retrofit radio which can be used to replace a wide range of older automobile radios and fit into an almost unlimited number of dashboard configurations comprises a radio case or enclosure having a display sized to fit into most original automobile dashboard radio display openings. Separate control knob shafts and associated controls are provided electrically connected to the radio via relatively long cables. With separate control knob shafts, there is no limit to where the controls and shafts are placed with respect to the radio case and display. A selected set of brackets can be attached to the radio with the selected set of brackets providing adjustable physical mounting of the control knob shafts to the brackets and physical connection of the control knob shafts to the radio. This allows mounting of the radio in the dashboard of the automobile in the usual manner of tightening nuts onto threaded control knob shaft sleeves.

1. Field
The present invention relates generally to automobile radio receiver apparatus and particularly to replacement radio receiver apparatus having adjustable means for varying the spacing between the radio enclosure and the control elements so as to be capable of adapting to existing cutouts and control element apertures in automobile dashboards.
2. State of the Art
Radios have been a standard accessory in automobiles for decades and are generally mounted in the automobile dashboard. An automobile radio will generally include a radio case or enclosure having a display extending therefrom or mounted therein to display to a user the radio setting, and will generally also have a pair of control knob shafts extending therefrom for mounting control knobs for controlling and changing the settings of the radio. Usually one knob will control the volume of the radio and a second knob will control the tuning of the radio. Newer automobile radios may also include tape players and/or CD players.
Car radios, particularly car radios from the 1950's through the 1980's, generally have a face plate forming the front of the radio case or enclosure or mounted to the front of the radio case or enclosure, with the radio display and the control knob shafts for the control knobs extending from the face plate. The control knob shafts will generally include threaded control knob shaft sleeves extending from the radio through which the control knob shafts extend. To mount these radios in the dashboard of an automobile, the dashboard will generally provide a display opening to receive the radio display and shaft openings to simultaneously receive the pair of control knob shafts with respective control knob shaft sleeves extending from the radio. The radio is then secured in the dashboard by nuts screwed onto the control knob shaft sleeves from the front of the dashboard to secure the radio face plate and the radio case to the back of the dashboard. Thus, the dashboard is sandwiched between the radio face plate and the nuts tightened onto the threaded control knob shaft sleeves, which securely hold the radio in place in the dashboard. When mounted in the dashboard, the radio display will fit into the display opening in a manner so that it can be seen by a user and the control knob shafts for the control knobs will extend through the shaft openings and sleeves so that control knobs mounted on the shafts are accessible to a user to control the radio thus mounted. A back strap may sometimes also be used to secure and stabilize the back of the radio case or enclosure in position behind the dashboard.
As indicated, automobile radios are generally mounted in automobile dashboards. However, each model of automobile generally has a different dashboard design and usually dashboard designs change from year to year or at least every several years. With each new dashboard design, the size and placement of the radio display and the positioning of the control knobs for the radio are changed. Thus, over the last fifty or more years, hundreds of different dashboards with different display configurations and locations and different control knob shaft placements have been produced. Generally, each of the different dashboard designs with different display configurations and locations and different control knob shaft placements were accompanied by a different radio specifically configured to fit the particular dashboard design. The particular radios in the configurations to fit these many dashboards have long been out of production.
Radios do not last forever, and further, in recent years, there have been many improvements to automobile radios. Many older car drivers and classic car owners wish to replace the original radio in their vehicle with a new radio, either to provide a radio that works if the original radio has stopped working, or to provide a new radio with the additional features of more modern radios. Unfortunately, new original equipment replacement radios are not available for older cars, and further, new after market replacement radios to fit the many old dashboard radio configurations generally are not available.
There have been past attempts to provide replacement radios that provide adjustability of the spacing of the control knob shafts in order to allow the radio to fit a number of different dashboard radio (display opening and shaft opening) configurations. These radios generally have face plates with slots in which the control knob shafts are slidably mounted so their position can be adjusted to the extent allowed by the slots. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,067,654 and 3,906,371 both show radios with face plates with openings for the control knob shafts to pass through that are large enough to allow adjustment of the position of the shafts with respect to the radio case and display in both spacing and height in order to have one radio that can be adjusted to fit into a number of different automobile dashboards. Positioning plates are provided to locate the shafts in an adjusted fixed position in the face plate so as to fit a desired dashboard configuration in a desired car. U.S. Pat. No. 3,685,879 shows portions of the radio case from which the control knob shafts extend that slide in and out to adjust the spacing between the control knob shafts to fit different dashboard shaft opening configurations. However, the range of differences in mounting configurations for radios in the dashboards of older cars is very great and the limited adjustability in spacing and height of the control knob mounting shafts provided by the prior art will only cover a limited number of radio configurations. Thus, although these prior art replacement radios can fit a number of different dashboard arrangements, it is only a limited number of dashboard configurations.
The problem still exists of providing a replacement radio for older automobiles that will fit a wide range of older automobile dashboard arrangements and make replacement radios available for use with most older cars. The availability of replacement radios for older cars is becoming more of a problem as the number of particular older cars in need of such replacement radios becomes more limited. Thus, it is becoming almost impossible for classic and antique car owners to find replacement radios for their cars.

Retrofit automobile radio for older automobiles


Systems and method are disclosed for applying a query to an event stream by storing one or more event constraints; performing constraint aware complex event processing on the query and the event constraints; and optimizing the query at run time.

As automated business processes, such as Web services and online transactions, become ubiquitous, unprecedented volumes of business events are continuously generated and recorded as event streams. Complex Event Processing (CEP), which aims to detect interesting event patterns in event streams, is gaining adoption by enterprises for quick detection and reaction to critical business situations. Common CEP applications include business activity monitoring, supply chain management, and anomaly detection. Major database vendors have recently taken significant efforts in building event-driven architectures.
The event patterns in CEP specify complex temporal and logical relationships among events. Consider the example event pattern EP1 below, in which "->" represents the temporal relationship between two events and [totalPrice>200] is the predicate on the GenerateQuote event. This pattern monitors the cancelled orders that involve the participation of both suppliers and remote stocks, with quote's price>$200. Frequent occurrences of such patterns may indicate, e.g., the need for an immediate inventory management.
Event Pattern EP1:
((OrderFromSupplier->GenerateQuote[totalPrice>200])^(UseRemoteStock->GenerateInvoice))->CancelOrder
State-of-the-art CEP systems employ automata for event pattern matching. When there are large numbers of concurrent business processes, many partial query matches may be kept in automata states. Events arriving later need to be evaluated against all these partial matches to produce query results. Also, event streams tend to be high-speed and potentially infinite. To provide real-time responses, as often required by applications to take prompt actions, serious challenges in CPU/memory utilizations are faced by CEP.
One important class of event queries is called alert queries. Alert queries correspond to key tasks in business activity monitoring, including detection of shoplifting, or large/suspicious financial transactions, or other undue business actions like orders cancelled for certain reasons (see example above). These queries detect exceptional cases to the normal business flows and are thus expected to be highly selective. Keeping large numbers of partial matches that do not lead to any query results can cause a major drain on available system resources.
Typically, many business events do not occur randomly. Instead they follow pre-defined business logic or rules, such as a workflow model. Such CEP applications include                Business activity monitoring: an online retailer may want to detect the anomalies from its order processing transactions. In this case, the events are generated from a BPEL workflow engine, a business rule engine or simply a customized program.        Manufacturing monitoring: a manufacturer may want to monitor its stream-line production process. The process events correspond to pre-defined procedures.        ClickStream analysis: a shopping website may want to monitor the click stream to discover the user navigation pattern. Here the user click events depend on how the website is structured.
As consequence, various constraints may exist among events in these CEP applications. In particular, occurrence constraints, such as mutually exclusive events, and order constraints, such as one event must occur prior to the other event, can be observed in all the applications listed above. The majority of the software design patterns exhibit such constraints as well.
The availability of these constraints enables us to predict the non-occurrences of future events from the observed events. Such predictions would help identify which partial query matches will not lead to final results. Further efforts in maintaining and evaluating these partial matches can be prevented. Example below illustrates such optimization opportunities that remain unexplored.
Example 1 Assume the event stream is generated by the online order transactions that follow the workflow in FIG. 1. Each task in the workflow, if performed, submits an event to the event stream. Both occurrence and order constraints can be inferred from this workflow. For example, the UseLocalStock and the UseRemoteStock events are mutually exclusive. Also, any GenerateQuote event, if it occurs, must be before the SendQuote event in a transaction.
Consider the example event pattern EP1 again. By exploiting the event constraints, whenever a UseLocalStock event occurs, this transaction is guaranteed to not match the query because the UseRemoteStock event will never occur in this transaction. Also, once a SendQuote event is seen in a transaction, and no GenerateQuote event with totalPrice>200 has been observed so far, the transaction will not match the query because no GenerateQuote event will happen after the SendQuote event. In either case, any partial matches by these transactions need not be maintained and evaluated further as they are guaranteed to never lead to a final result. If the query processing of large numbers of transactions could be terminated early, a significant amount of CPU and memory resources would be saved.
Several observations can be made from the above example. First, although the event constraints are known at query compilation time, the real optimization opportunities only emerge at runtime, based on the partial workflow executed so far (i.e., what events have been observed). For example, although the UseLocalStock and the UseRemoteStock events are known to be exclusive, only when one of them occurs, the other one will not be seen in the same transaction. Second, both occurrence and order constraints can be exploited to short-cut query execution.
As event processing gains popularity in many applications, an increasing effort has been devoted in developing efficient event processing systems. The existing work include streaming databases such as HiFi that support SQL-style queries, pub/sub systems that support simple filtering queries, and CEP systems such as SNOOP, Amit, CEDR, Cayuga and SASE, that support event pattern queries expressed by more powerful languages. These works focus on query model/language design and query algebra development. None of these works considers exploiting the common event constraints.
Semantic query optimization (SQO), i.e., using schema knowledge to optimize queries, has been extensively studied for traditional databases. Major techniques focus on optimizing value-based filtering or matching operations, including join and predicate elimination and introduction. They remain applicable in CEP for identifying efficient query plans at compilation time. These existing SQO techniques are mainly designed for static query optimization. They are inappropriate for runtime use. SQO has also been studied for optimizing queries over streaming XML documents. In CEP, event data from possibly thousands or millions of concurrent processes can be interleaved, and thus huge numbers of potential partial matches (one for each process) at runtime. Also, more types of constraints can be observed in business processes than in XML schema. All these pose stringent requirements on scalability, generality and extensibility on exploiting constraints in CEP. The work is also related to punctuation. The existing works on punctuation mainly focus on utilizing punctuations to reduce the memory usage of SQL-type of stream query. Punctuations (effective dynamic constraints) from event constraints are used to reduce both CPU and memory cost for CEP queries.
Other related areas include workflow management since the event constraints are extracted from the workflows. The existing work on workflow management focuses on two problems, workflow analysis and workflow verification. Workflow analysis involves the soundness proof of a workflow and the identification of critical activities in a workflow. Workflow verification deals with the following problem. Given a finite set S of dependencies, check whether there is a workflow execution (or all executions) satisfying all the dependencies in S. The exploitation of the order constraints relates to the work on temporal reasoning, i.e., to detect whether a cycle exists among the order constraints in query and in event data. However, the existing works on temporal reasoning focus on the language specification and enforcement instead of utilizing temporal constraints to optimize queries.

Runtime semantic query optimization for event stream processing


A tape cassette including a rib projecting upwardly from a bottom wall of a cassette case at a position between the center and one side of a tape drawing recess formed at the front of the cassette case, the rib being disposed close to the back surface of the tape, and a projection that projects from a back lid which, in a closed position, protects the back surface of the tape. When the back lid is rotated to reach an open position, the projection is kept in contact with an upper end of the rib. Accordingly, even when a part of the tape is lifted by the back lid during a lid opening operation, the tape is prevented from entering behind the rib, thereby also preventing tape jamming and damage to the tape player.

The present invention relates to a novel tape cassette, and more particularly to a novel tape cassette which arranged to prevent slack in the tape and to prevent tape jams that max cause damage to the tape and the tape player.
A known type of tape cassette is formed with a tape drawing recess for receiving a tape loading member which draws the tape to a front surface of the cassette case.
If such a tape drawing recess is large, that is, if it extends a long distance in a lateral direction of the cassette case, there the tape disposed along the front of the tape drawing recess max become unstable.
To prevent the tape from becoming unstable, the tape cassette is provided with conventional means for locking the tape reels while the tape cassette is not being used. However, upon loading the tape cassette into a tape player, it is necessary to unlock the tape reels to allow the tape to be drawn out of the cassette case. If there is even a slight error in the timing for unlocking the tape reels unlocking, slack may be formed in the tape leading to a tape jam.
To solve this problem, it has been proposed to form a tape slack preventing member c as shown in FIG. 11. In particular, the tape slack preventing member c projects upwardly from a bottom wall of a cassette case a, and is located close to a back surface of a tape b. Accordingly, even when slack is formed in the tape b, it is possible to prevent the tape b from entering a tape drawing recess d.
A known type of tape cassette, for example, the so-called 8 mm VCR tape cassette, has a front lid e rotatably supported at a front end portion of the cassette case a for covering a front surface of the tape b and a back lid f adapted to be rotated in association with rotation of the front lid e for covering a back surface of the tape b, so as to prevent dust from sticking to the part of the tape b that is outside of the cassette case a at a time when the tape cassette is not being used. However, when both the lids e and f are open it is possible for the tape b to be displaced from its proper position.
More specifically, FIG. 11 shows a closed position in which the front and back surfaces of the tape b are covered with the lids e and f, respectively, and FIG. 12 shows an open position that results after the lids e and f are rotated together to uncover the front and back surfaces of the tape b. During the movement of the back lid f between the closed position and the open position, the attitude of the back lid f is controlled according a locus of a pivot g supported by the front lid e and a locus of a slide pin i which is guided by a guide groove h formed in the cassette case a, so that the back lid f does not contact the tape b during the movement. The locus of the slide pin i is denoted by a phantom line k.
However, as the back lid f is moved in a limited space, it is unavoidable that the back lid f comes close to the tape b. Accordingly, if the back lid f was previously charged with static electricity, a part of the tape b is lifted by the back lid f during the movement to the open position. As shown in FIG. 12, there is defined a gap j between a lower end of the back lid f and an upper end of the tape slack preventing member c when the back lid f is in the open position. As a result, the part of the tape b lifted by the back lid f may pass through the gap j and enter behind the tape slack preventing member c.
When the part of the tape b goes behind the tape slack preventing member c as mentioned above, tape jamming or damage to the tape loading member or other mechanisms occurs upon tape loading.

Tape cassette lid having projection for preventing tape pinching