An alkylation process including an upfront isomerization zone is described. 100% n-butane or field butanes can be converted into a blend of approximately 60 wt % isobutane and 40 wt % n-butane in the isomerization zone. This blend can be used as the feed to all types of alkylation zones. It stabilizes the feed composition so that the dehydrogenation zone and alkylation zone always operate with the same feed.

A process for the conversion of paraffins to olefins involves passing a paraffin stream over a highly selective catalyst, where the paraffin is dehydrogenated to the corresponding olefin. The dehydrogenation reaction is achieved under operating conditions selected to minimize the loss of feedstock.
The typical process involves the use of a reactor (e.g., radial flow, fixed bed, fluidized bed, and the like) where a paraffin feedstock is contacted with a dehydrogenation catalyst under reaction conditions. The process involves dehydrogenating paraffins in the C2 to C17 range to produce olefins used as monomers used in the formation of polymers, or as plasticizers, or for dehydrogenating paraffins in the C10 to C14 range to produce olefins for the production of alkyl benzenes (LABs), for dehydrogenating paraffins in the C12 to C17 range to produce detergent alcohols or olefin sulfonates, and for producing C4 olefins for the production of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) or alkylate gasoline.
A C4 based dehydrogenation unit can be used to produce a C4 olefin containing stream which can be sent to a downstream alkylation unit. As an example, sulfuric acid alkylation prefers C4 olefins as a feedstock because alkylation with n-butene and isobutane produces higher octane alkylate than alkylation with isobutylene and isobutane, as high octane alkylate is synonymous with high octane gasoline. Typically, olefins are either externally purchased or are present in internal refinery streams. Recent changes in feedstock pricing and feedstock availability have created interest in first producing the olefins using the dehydrogenation process, followed by subsequent alkylation.


An HID lamp socket (1), which connects an HID lamp (9) with an electrical device, includes an insulative housing (10), a number of first electrical terminals (20) received in the housing and a number of second electrical terminals (30) for contacting the first electrical terminals to a number of wires (34) extending from the electrical device. The first electrical terminals include a high-voltage terminal (21), a low-voltage terminal (22) and two switch terminals (23). The switch terminal has a cantilever (231) extending transversely and slantwise and a contact tab (233) extending downwardly from the cantilever.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a lamp connector, and especially to a high intensity discharge (HID) lamp socket.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A conventional HID lamp socket is used to connect a HID lamp to wires extending from an electrical device. The electrical device is used to supply the connector with desired voltage. The connector includes a housing and a plurality of first electrical terminals and second electrical terminals received in the housing. The first electrical terminals engage with the second electrical terminals. One of the second electrical terminals is slidably assembled in the housing and is slid to a final position where it electrically connects two of the first electrical terminals when the HID lamp is assembled to the connector to a final position. For the electrical circuit is not formed and the high voltage to arouse the HID lamp is not generated until the lamp is assembled to the final place, the danger decreases greatly in assembly or disassembly of the HID lamp.
The present invention provides anther HID lamp socket to achieve the same objects described above but in a different structure.


An electronic device and method for 3D modeling based on 2D warping is disclosed. The electronic device acquires a color image of a face of a user, depth information corresponding to the color image, and a point cloud of the face. A 3D mean-shape model of a reference 3D face is acquired, and rigid aligned with the point cloud. A 2D projection of the aligned 3D mean-shape model is generated. The 2D projection includes a set of landmark points associated with the aligned 3D mean-shape model. The 2D projection is warped such that the set of landmark points in the 2D projection is aligned with a corresponding set of feature points in the color image. A 3D correspondence between the aligned 3D mean-shape model and the point cloud is determined for a non-rigid alignment of the aligned 3D mean-shape model, based on the warped 2D projection and the depth information.

Advancements in the field of three-dimensional (3D) computer graphics have provided the ability to create 3D models and visualize real objects in a 3D computer graphics environment. 3D content, such as a 3D character model, is increasingly used in animated movies, games, and virtual-reality systems to enhance user experience. A 3D model is a static 3D mesh that resembles the shape of a particular object. Typically, such a 3D model is manually designed by computer graphics artists, commonly known as modelers, by use of a modeling software application. Such a 3D model may not be used in the same way in animation, or various virtual reality systems or applications. Further, in some instances, a face portion of the 3D model may be considered as one of the most important portions of the 3D model. Currently, creating a realistic 3D human face model has been one of the most difficult problems in the fields of computer graphics and computer vision. With the increasing application of 3D virtual human technology in the areas of virtual reality, 3D gaming, and virtual simulation, developing technologies to generate a realistic 3D human face model based on real people has become increasingly important.
Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, through comparison of described systems with some aspects of the present disclosure, as set forth in the remainder of the present application and with reference to the drawings.

Three-dimensional (3D) shape modeling based on two-dimensional (2D) warping


A displacement detector capable of making a measurement in two directions of measurement 180 degrees different from each other without the need of a switching operation has been disclosed. This displacement detector comprises a contact arm 41 supported rotatably at a fulcrum of extension and rotation 43, first and second contacts 42A, 42B provided to the contact arm, first and second arms 21A, 21B each one end of which comes into contact with the contact arm 41, a first detection element 25 of the first arm, a second detection element 26 of the second arm, a detection section that detects the positional relationship between the first and second detection elements, a first biasing means 24A of the first arm, a second biasing means 24B of the second arm, a first stopper 30A of the first arm, and a second stopper 30B of the second arm, and a reference rotation position is a state in which the first and second arms are in contact with the first and second stoppers and also in contact with the contact arm, and when the contact arm rotates from the reference rotation position in a first or second direction, the first or second arm enters a free state.

In an instrument for measuring roundness, a surface roughness/shape measuring instrument, etc., the surface position of a work is detected by providing a contact at one end of an arm supported rotatably, biasing the arm so that the contact comes into contact with the surface of the work, and detecting the displacement of the other end of the arm. It is widely known that the displacement of the other end of the arm is detected by using a differential transformer system, in which a cylindrical iron core (core) is provided at the other end of the arm and two transformers are arranged continuously so that the core moves through the inside thereof accompanying the rotation, and is utilized when an alternating current signal is applied to one transformer, the alternating current signal induced at the other transformer changes depending on the position of the core, or a grating interference system in which movement accompanying the rotation of an optical grating provided at the other end of the arm is detected by an interferometer, etc. The present invention can be applied to any system as long as the system is provided with a contact at one end of an arm supported rotatably and detects the displacement of the other end. In the following explanation, a case is explained as an example, where the differential transformer system is used, however, the present invention is not limited to this.
FIG. 1A is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a displacement detector using a conventional differential transformer system. As shown in FIG. 1A, the displacement detector using the conventional differential transformer system has an arm 11 supported rotatably at the fulcrum of rotation 13, a contact 12 provided at a portion extending from one end of the arm 11, a spring that biases the arm 11 so that the contact 12 rotates toward the left side, a core 15 provided so that it moves on an arc with the fulcrum of rotation as its center from the other end of the arm 11 in accordance with the rotation of the arm, a cylindrical bobbin 16 provided so that the core 15 moves through the inside thereof, and a detection section 17 that applies a signal to the bobbin 16 and detects a signal that changes depending of the position of the core 15. Reference number 18 denotes a case in which the displacement detector and the fulcrum of rotation 13 is provided on the case 18, and spring 14 and bobbin 16 are fixed to the case 18. The detection section 17 is also provided on the case 18. In the following drawings, the case is not shown schematically for the purpose of simplification.
The bobbin 16 has at least two coils. When the detection section 17 applies an alternating current signal to at least one coil, the intensity of the alternating current signal induced at the rest of the coils changes monotonically depending on the position of the iron core (core) 15, and therefore, the detection section 17 detects the position of the core 15 in the bobbin 16 by detecting the intensity of the induced alternating current signal. The displacement detector using the differential transformer system is described in patent document 1, patent document 2, etc., and therefore, more explanation is omitted.
FIG. 1B is a diagram showing how the surface roughness etc. of surface A on the right side of a work W is measured using the displacement detector in FIG. 1A. As shown schematically, the displacement detector is moved to the right side of the work W and arranged so that the contact 12 comes into contact with the surface A on the right side of the work W. In this state, the arm 11 is biased by the spring 14 so that the contact 12 moves toward the left side and the contact 12 comes into contact with the surface A on the right side of the work W with a measurement pressure regulated by the spring 14. Then, when the work W or the displacement detector is moved in the vertical direction, the contact 12 is displaced in accordance with the surface shape of the surface A on the right side of the work W and the core 15 is displaced accordingly, and therefore, its displacement is detected.
The detection range in which the position of the core 15 in the bobbin 16 can be detected is a range in which the core 15 is in a predetermined positional relationship with respect to the bobbin 16. Consequently, in order to maximize the area of the surface of the work W in which the position can be detected, a setting is provided so that the average position of the work W on the surface corresponds to the middle in the predetermined positional relationship range. For example, when it is predicted that the surface A on the right side of the work W with which the contact 12 is in contact is the average position of the surface in FIG. 1B, the core 15 is arranged so that it is situated in the middle of the predetermined positional relationship range with respect to the bobbin 16.
FIG. 1C is a diagram explaining a case where surface B on the left side of the work W is measured using the displacement detector in FIG. 1A. The displacement detector in FIG. 1A has only one direction in which detection is possible, that is, the direction in which the left side of the contact 12 comes into contact with the work, and therefore, when the surface B on the left side of the work W is measured, the orientation of the entire displacement detector is changed by 180 degrees to reverse the direction of measurement and then the contact 12 is made to come into contact with the surface B on the left side of the work W. Such an operation is not only necessary in the case where the left and right surfaces of the work are measured, but also in the case where the surface and undersurface, the top and bottom surfaces, and the inner and outer diameters are measured.
When a measurement is made using the displacement detector as shown in FIG. 1A in a roundness measuring instrument, a surface roughness/shape measuring instrument, etc., in order to adjust the contact position between the contact 12 and the surface of the work, generally a work moving base that holds and moves the work, or a moving mechanism that holds and moves the displacement detector, that is, a moving mechanism that moves relative to the displacement detector with respect to the work is provided. Because of this, it is easy to move the displacement detector with respect to the work, however, it is complicated to rotate the displacement detector in order to measure a surface 180 degrees different as described above. For example, it is also possible to automatically change the measurement position by automatically controlling the movement by the moving mechanism, however, one more control system is required because a mechanism for rotating the displacement detector is provided. Under these circumstances, a displacement detector is needed, which is capable of measuring a surface 180 degrees in different directions without the need to rotate the displacement detector.
FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a conventional displacement detector that meets such a need, and FIG. 2B and FIG. 2C are diagrams explaining the case where the left and right surfaces of the work W are measured.
As obvious from the comparison with FIG. 1A, the displacement detector in FIG. 2A differs from the basis configuration in FIG. 1A in that first and second contacts 12A and 12B extending in substantially 180 degrees in different directions are provided and at the same time, a rotation mechanism of the spring 14 that biases the arm 11 is provided so that the direction of biasing the arm 11 by the spring 14 can be changed by 180 degrees. Specifically, a member 19 that engages one end of the spring 14 is provided to the arm 11 and a mechanism that rotates a member 20 that engages the other end of the spring 14 is provided on the case.
As shown in FIG. 2B, when the surface A on the right side of the work W is measured, the rotation mechanism is set so that the spring 14 is situated on the right side of the arm 11 and the arm 11 is biased so that the contact 12A moves toward the left side, and then a measurement is made in the setting in which the contact 12A is in contact with the surface A on the right side of the work W.
As shown in FIG. 2C, when the surface B on the left side of the work W is measured, the rotation mechanism is set so that the spring 14 is situated on the left side of the arm 11 and the arm 11 is biased so that the contact 12B moves toward the right side, and then a measurement is made in the setting in which the contact 12B is in contact with the surface B on the left side of the work W.
The detection range is the same as that in the example in FIG. 1A.
Patent document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. H8-210804
Patent document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2005-10019


A creping foil having a machine direction, cross machine direction, and Z-direction normal to a plane formed by machine direction and cross machine directions. The creping foil also has a front face, back face, and bottom side. The front face has one or more top conduits with one or more upper pipes integrally mounted therein. The one or more upper pipes are rotatable about an axis in the cross machine direction and have one or more upper diameter holes. The bottom side has one or more bottom conduits with one or more lower pipes integrally mounted therein. The one or more lower pipes are rotatable about an axis in the cross machine direction and have one or more lower diameter holes.

Dust can be generated when a paper web is separated from a Yankee dryer by a creping blade. Much of the dust is carried along the web in a boundary layer of air which forms due to the rapid movement of the web away from the Yankee dryer. The dust in the boundary layer oftentimes spreads into the areas around the paper machine or other equipment and may cause unwanted contamination of those parts of the paper machine.
A number of problems may be related to the production, and presence, of dust in a paper machine. For example, during printing operations unwanted dust can reduce the aesthetic quality of the final product by mixing with, or getting caught in, printing ink. Relatively high amounts of dust may also be a source of physical irritation for any person who may be in close enough proximity to inhale it. Further, dust may present a fire hazard, can be the cause of increased maintenance costs, premature equipment wear and sheet breaks.
Without being limited by theory, it is thought that dust can be formed from paper fibers which can be liberated from the paper web as a paper web impacts the surface of a creping blade. Upon liberation from the paper web, the dust may be drawn into the fluid (air) boundary layer traveling along the surface of the moving paper web. Without wishing to be limited by theory, it is thought that that approximately 90% of dust that is formed at the creping blade is drawn into the above-mentioned boundary layer.
The prior art methods of removing dust that results from the creping of paper off a Yankee dryer include the use of large vacuums or high horsepower fan-driven dust extraction systems that collect and/or separate dust from the surrounding air. However, without being limited by theory, it is thought that the forces exerted onto a paper web by fans or vacuums may cause loss of sheet control or tearing of the paper web.
Thus, there exists the need for an efficient device and method to control the migration of dust in a papermaking process that provides a minimal level of disruption to the papermaking process and in particular, to the paper web.


A jewelry case, comprises a primary shell of pliable material, said shell formed of a substantially rectangular primary panel having an inner face and an outer face and foldable along a pair of lines transverse of the back panel forming a top panel section, an intermediate panel section and a bottom panel section, and wherein each panel section has a pocket assembly having at least one pocket with a transparent front panel, a first jewelry mounting panel having a plurality of button hole slits formed therein for detachably mounting a plurality of clip style ear rings, the first mounting panel pivotally secured along one edge to the shell at the juncture of said top panel section, and the intermediate panel section, a second ear ring mounting panel secured along one edge to the primary shell at the juncture of the intermediate panel section and the bottom panel section, the panel having a mesh construction, and button hole slits for mounting clip style ear rings, and at least a partially transparent closure panel pivotally secured along one edge to the shell at each side of each of the mounting panels for covering the mounting panel and the closure panels releasably securable along three sides over the mounting panel.

The present invention relates to carrying cases and pertains particularly to an improved jewelry carrying case having an improved arrangement of multiple pockets and mounting panels for organizing and carrying multiple articles of jewelry in a convenient fashion.
Many ladies have many items of jewelry which they often long when traveling. These many items of jewelry are often all placed in a single pouch or loosely in a purse or suitcase. This often leaves the items disorganized, sometimes tangled and often makes it difficult to easily locate and match mating pairs.
Many of these problems were solved to a great extent by the aforementioned application which has been allowed. However, applicant has discovered that the jewelry bag and organizer of that patent is in need of some improvement in many areas. For example, it could use a more effective and secure earring containing section. It could use more sections for separating large and small pieces of jewelry. In addition more effective security for the jewelry pieces is desirable.
Accordingly, there is a need for an improved jewelry case that is more effective and secure in organizing, holding and carrying many different related or unrelated items of jewelry in an organized fashion. It would also be desirable to have a case with multiple different size pockets with holders for holding many different sets of related articles for ease of location and retrieval.


An optical coupler includes an optical transmitting unit and an optical receiving unit in a facing arrangement. The optical transmitting unit includes a power lead having a first die-pad portion, a light emitting element on the first die-pad portion, a ground lead having a second die-pad portion, and an integrated circuit on the second die-pad portion. The integrated circuit has a power pad portion, a light emitting element pad portion, and input pad portions thereon. An inter-center distance between an inner lead of the first input lead and an inner lead of the second input lead is equal to or less than an inter-center distance between an outer lead of the first input lead and an outer lead of the second input lead.

An optically coupled isolation device, which includes an optical transmitting unit with an analog-digital conversion circuit and an optical receiving unit, may transmit a signal in a state where an input terminal and an output terminal are insulated from each other.
A drastic current variation in an analog-digital conversion circuit and the like generates a noise voltage through electromagnetic induction. The noise voltage is input into a circuit through, for example, capacitive coupling caused by parasitic capacitance between leads or magnetic coupling between leads.
In some circumstances, the isolation device may fail when the noise voltage increases.


To provide a thin semiconductor device having flexibility. A groove is formed in one surface of a substrate; an element layer including an element is formed, the element being disposed within the groove; the substrate is thinned from the other surface of the substrate until one surface of the element layer is exposed, to form a layer which is to be transposed, having the element; and the layer to be transposed is transposed onto the film.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device. In particular, the present invention relates to a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device capable of exchanging data with wireless communication.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, a semiconductor device capable of exchanging data with wireless communication has been actively developed. Such a semiconductor device is called an IC tag, an ID tag, an RF (Radio Frequency) tag, an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag, a wireless tag, an electronic tag, a wireless processor, a wireless memory, a wireless chip, or the like.
Wireless chips which have been put into practical use mainly use a silicon substrate (wafer). In addition, manufacturing of a thin wireless chip by using a technology (referred to as a "backgrind technology") of grinding and polishing a surface (a reverse side) of a silicon substrate has been recently studied. It is known that the backgrind technology causes a crack or a grinding mark (e.g., Reference 1: Japanese Published Patent Application No. 2004-282050).
For thinning a wireless chip to the utmost, it is necessary to grind and polish a substrate as much as possible. However, if the substrate with a thickness smaller than a certain thickness is polished, strength of the substrate cannot be maintained, which may result in destruction of the substrate itself and eventually of an element formed over the substrate.

Manufacturing method of semiconductor device

Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd


A bond test apparatus comprises a test tool assembly 200 comprising a test tool 40 configured to contact a bond during a bond test, a flexure 80 coupled to the test tool assembly, and a sensor. The sensor is configured to provide a measurement of a displacement of a first end of the flexure 80 relative to a second end of the flexure on application of a force to the flexure, and a processor is configured to receive a displacement signal from the sensor and, based on the displacement signal and optionally a known stiffness of the flexure, to determine the force on the flexure. A cartridge for a bond test apparatus, a method of measuring a force in a bond test apparatus, and a method of measuring the closing force on the jaws of a bond test tool are also provided.

Semiconductor devices are very small, typically from 5 mm×5 mm square to 50 mm×50 mm square, and typically comprise numerous sites for the bonding of electrical conductors to a semiconductor substrate. Each bond consists of a solder or gold ball deposit, known as a "bump", a copper pillar, or a wire adhered to the substrate.
It is necessary to test the bond strength of the bonds, in order to be confident that a particular bonding method is adequate. Because of the very small size of the bonds, tools used to test the bond strength of these bonds must be able to measure very small forces and deflections accurately.
There are several different types of bond tests that are used to test bond strength. For example, shear testing tests the shear strength of a bond by applying a shear force to the side of the bond and shearing the bond off the substrate. Pull testing tests the pull strength of the bond by pulling a ball deposit, or a wire embedded in a ball deposit, away from the substrate. In a push test, a force, or load, is applied in the vertical plane directly downward onto a bond.
Machines that perform these tests typically comprise a bond test tool, be it a shear test tool, push test tool or a pull test tool, that can be positioned relative to the bond under test and then either the bond or the tool is moved in order to perform the test by measuring the force needed to break the bond.
In many cases, the force applied between the test tool and the bond during a bond test is measured directly using strain gauges. For example, a pull tool may be mounted on one or more horizontal beams, or flexures, such that the application of a vertical pull force between the test tool and the bond causes the flexure to bend. By mounting a strain gauge on the flexure, the force on the test tool can be measured. However mounting strain gauges onto flexures is a difficult and expensive process.
Certain types of bond test, such as the Cold Bump Pull (CBP) test, use a test tool comprising tweezer-like jaws to close around and grip a bond before applying a vertical pull force. In such a test, it would be desirable to measure and control the closing force on the test tool jaws, in order to ensure the consistency of the closing/gripping force applied to the bond in each test, and also to assess the strength of the bond material.
Existing methods of closing test tool jaws include using a pneumatic actuator to move a collet along the test tool, so as to exert a closing force and close the jaws. The air pressure on the collet can be varied to vary the closing force applied to the jaws, but this method does not provide a high degree of control to the user. This method also allows very little control over jaw separation, so that the jaws are either fully open or fully closed, and does not provide any feedback information on the force being applied to the bond by the test tool jaws.
Another known method of closing test tool jaws is employed by the XYZTEC® Condor Sigma Series of bond testers, which use an electric motor to drive a pair of gripping jaws, arranged on either side of the test tool, to apply a closing force to the test tool jaws. The XYZTEC bond tester purports to control the closing force on the test tool by regulating the current flow through the motor, while the force applied is measured directly using strain gauges on the gripping jaws. This arrangement is both complex and expensive.
The present invention seeks to overcome these deficiencies in the prior art, and to provide an improved bond test apparatus and an improved method of measuring a force in a bond test apparatus.


A connector assembly (10) is disclosed in which a connector part (12) and a cable manager part (20) are provided. The cable manager part (20) can be provided with a housing part (40) that functions to ensure a grounded connection between the connector assembly (10) and a sheath (5) of a cable (4) via one or more springs (60, 66) secured within the housing part (40). In one embodiment, two parallel helical springs (60, 66) are disposed within the housing part (40).

Electrical connectors are useful for providing a connection point for telecommunications systems. For example, RJ-type connectors can be provided as wall sockets wherein electronic data cables are terminated and mating electrical plugs can be inserted into the sockets. Frequently, this termination process occurs in the field and at the actual location where the cables to be attached to the connectors are being installed. In such instances, it is often necessary to provide a grounding connection between the cable and its attached connector.

Connector assembly with grounding spring


An image processing system includes an image input section, a first character-extracting section, a second character-extracting section and a synthesizing section. The image input section inputs images which are linked to each other in time series manner. The first character-extracting section extracts a character from a first image input by the image input section. The second character-extracting section extracts a character from a second image input by the image input section. The synthesizing section generates a character string in accordance with the character extracted by the first character-extracting section and the character extracted by the second character-extracting section.

1. Technical Field
The invention relates to an image processing system, a moving image editing processing system, an image processing apparatus, a moving image editing processing apparatus, a computer readable medium storing an image processing program or a moving image editing processing program, and a computer data signal embedded with the image processing program or the moving image editing processing program.
2. Related Art
A moving image is stored in a storage medium such as a DVD and a hard disk. Recently, moving image reproducing apparatuses configured to be able to reproduce the moving image from the storage medium using a computer have been developed. Also, a moving image retrieval technique for allowing an operator to easily retrieve an image that the operator wants to view from the moving image has been developed.
Here, subtitles, telops, etc. which appear in the moving image are detected automatically, and characters such as subtitles are used as indexes.

Image processing system, computer readable medium storing image processing program and computer data signal embedded with the image processing program


A high-speed programmable ROM, a memory cell structure therefor, and a method for writing data on/reading data from the programmable ROM are provided. The programmable ROM system has a plurality of memory cell, each of which has a gate, a first electrode, and a second electrode; a plurality of word lines, each of which is connected to the gates of a predetermined number of cells of the plurality of memory cells; a plurality of bit lines, each of which is connected to the first electrodes of a predetermined number of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells and is arranged in a direction substantially perpendicular to the word lines; and a plurality of virtual ground lines, each of which is selectively connected to ground in response to control signals, and is arranged in a direction actually perpendicular to the word lines, wherein the plurality of memory cells are programmed to predetermined logic levels by selectively connecting the second electrode of each of the plurality of memory cells to the plurality of virtual ground lines. The high-speed programmable ROM system selectively connects the source of a cell transistor to a virtual ground line according to ROM data such that the capacitance of a bit line can be maintained at a predetermined level without becoming excessively great or small. Thus, the operation speed of the programmable ROM increases and misreading programmed data is minimized.

Mask ROM is a semiconductor memory device in which a user codes needed data in advance on the memory device in a manufacturing process so that the coded data can be repeatedly read later. Mask ROMs include an embedded diffusion-programmable ROM and an embedded metal-programmable ROM. For the embedded, diffusion-programmable ROM, a ROM data code is determined in a diffusion process in the manufacturing processes, while for the embedded metal-programmable ROM, a ROM data code is determined in a metal processing process in the manufacturing processes.
Meanwhile, there is an embedded contact programmable ROM or an embedded via programmable ROM which is almost the same as the embedded metal-programmable ROM. For the embedded contact programmable ROM, a ROM data code is determined in a contact processing process in the manufacturing processes, while for the embedded via programmable ROM, a ROM data code is determined in a via processing process in the manufacturing processes.
Generally, the embedded diffusion-programmable ROM has been preferred over the embedded metal-programmable ROM, mainly because the former can achieve an integration of about 25% higher than that of the latter.
However, the embedded diffusion-programmable ROM has a longer time interval from when data from a user is received to when a completed product is manufactured, that is, the turn-around time of the embedded diffusion-programmable ROM is longer than that of the embedded metal-programmable ROM. Recently, thanks to technology development in semiconductor manufacturing processes, integration of the embedded metal (or via)-programmable ROM has greatly increased, and the importance of the embedded metal (or via)-programmable ROM which is advantageous in Time-to-Market has increased.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the cell array structure in a prior art metal programmable ROM. For convenience of explanation, FIG. 1 shows a 4×4 bit cell array structure formed with 2 bit lines BL0 and BL1, 3 virtual ground lines VG0˜VG2, 4 word lines WL0˜WO3, and 16 cell transistors M1˜M16. Here, a virtual ground line is a line, which is selectively connected to ground by a switch (not shown). Also, capacitors C1˜C4 of FIG. 1 show not actual circuit elements, but coupling capacitance between lines. C5 is a total capacitance of bit line BL0, and C6 is a total capacitance of bit line BL1.
Referring to FIG. 1, the gate of each of 16 cell transistors M1˜M16 is connected to a word line, and the source of each transistor M1˜M16 is connected to a virtual ground line. The drain of each transistor M1˜M16 can be electrically connected to a bit line selectively to program the cell transistor. That is, by electrically connecting the drain of a cell transistor M1˜M16 to a bit line, the cell transistor is programmed to have "0", and by floating the drain, the transistor is programmed to have "1". Meanwhile, the speed of the programmable ROM depends on a total capacitance loaded on a bit line. The total capacitance loaded on a bit line determines a time interval from when a bit line is precharged to when the bit line is discharged. Accordingly, if the total capacitance is big, the overall operation speed of the ROM is lowered.
Also, a ratio of a coupling capacitance between a bit line and a neighboring line to the total capacitance of the bit line is an important factor in evaluating a programmable ROM. If this ratio is big, the transition in the neighboring line interferes the bit line, and the bit line, which is precharged, may not be able to maintain the precharged state and therefore may cause to misread ROM data. To prevent this error, the ratio of a coupling capacitance between the bit line and a neighboring line to the total capacitance of the bit line is made to be small. For this, the total capacitance loaded on a bit line should be increased, but this causes a decrease in speed.
In the programmable ROM of FIG. 1 cells connected to bit line BL0 are programmed to have "0", and cells connected to bit line BL1 are programmed to have "1". At this time, total capacitance C5 loaded to bit line BL0 becomes the maximum, total capacitance C6 loaded to bit line BL1 becomes the minimum, and the operation speed of the programmable ROM is determined by bit line BL0.
Here, factors affecting the capacitance of bit line BL0 are capacitance by the bit line length, capacitance by the programming metal line 28, capacitance by a contact CNT1 connected to the bit line, and capacitance by transistors M1˜M8 connected to the bit line. The total capacitance C5 of bit line BL0 has a very big value due to the influence of these capacitances, and accordingly the speed of the programmable ROM is lowered. However, as the ratio of the coupling capacitance between the bit line BL0 and the neighboring line VG0 or VG1 to the total capacitance of the bit line BL0 (=C1/C5, or C2/C5) becomes smaller, misreading ROM data due to a coupling capacitance with a neighboring line can be prevented.
Meanwhile, since an only factor affecting the capacitance of bit line BL1 is capacitance by the bit line length, the total capacitance C6 of bit line BL1 has a very smaller value than C5. Therefore, as the ratio of the coupling capacitance between the bit line BL1 and the neighboring line VG1 or VG2 to the total capacitance of the bit line BL1 (=C3/C6, or C4/C6) becomes bigger, misreading ROM data of cells connected to the bit line BL1 due to a coupling capacitance may occur. Thus, in order to prevent misreading ROM data due to a coupling capacitance, when ROM data is read, the operation speed of a sense amplifier should be decreased, or precharge and discharge time should be appropriately adjusted to avoid interference, but both cause decrease in the speed of the ROM.

High-speed programmable ROM, memory cell structure therefor, and method for writing data on/reading data from the programmable ROM


A method is provided for repairing a driven compressor housing including a bore having an inner surface configured to engage a shaft-mounted knife seal. The method includes the steps of removing material from the bore inner surface, press-fitting a sleeve into the bore, and plasma-spraying an abradable coating onto the bore inner surface.

Many aircraft include one or more auxiliary power units (APUs) to supplement main propulsion engines in providing electrical and/or pneumatic power. An APU may also be used to start the propulsion engines. An APU is, in most instances, a gas turbine engine that includes a combustion section, a power section, a compressor section, and a shaft. The compressor section typically includes an impeller and a compressor. During operation of the APU, air enters through an inlet and is driven by an impeller into the combustion system. The combustion system receives fuel from a fuel source and ignites the compressed air driven therein to produce combusted air. The combusted air produces a thrust that causes the turbine section and shaft to rotate and power a load compressor and generator. The generator supplies supplemental electrical power to the aircraft and the compressor supplies compressed air to the aircraft pneumatic systems. The power from the pneumatic systems may be used to start the main engine or to power air cycle machines in the aircraft that supply air to the aircraft cabin.
In many APU configurations, the compressor is disposed at least partially within a compressor housing that prevents fluids, such as compressed air or lubricants, from leaking into or out of the compressor. The compressor may also include a shaft bearing housing. A seal is typically mounted on the shaft between the shaft bearing housing and the compressor housing that further isolates the interior of the compressor from other aircraft components. In many instances, the type of seal that is used is a knife seal. A knife seal typically includes teeth that are mounted on the shaft and that contact and abrade a coating on the compressor housing when the shaft rotates to thereby seal the interior of the compressor.
During flight operation, the compressor housing and shaft may be exposed to functional vibration. Consequently, the shaft may rub against the housing, and over time, may cause wear and tear on the housing. In the case in which a knife seal is employed, the teeth may dig through the compressor housing coating and cause damage to the housing. When the housing becomes sufficiently worn, it is typically re-coated with the coating material. However, if the housing has suffered extensive wear, it is typically discarded. Unfortunately, a compressor housing is a relatively expensive component to manufacture, and therefore, to replace.
Thus, there is a need for a low cost method for repairing an aircraft compressor housing. Moreover, there is a need for a method of repair that allows an extensively worn compressor housing to be repaired so that the component is salvaged and not discarded. Furthermore, other desirable features and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description of the invention and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background of the invention.

Stepped sleeve repair of knife seal bores in driven compressor housing


An arylamidine derivative represented by the general formula (wherein R1 represents optionally protected or substituted amidino; and R2 and R3 are the same or different and each represents hydrogen or halogeno) or a salt of the derivative. The derivative and salt have potent activity against fungi including ones having tolerance to azole type drugs and further have high safety and excellent properties in a repeated dose toxicity test. They are hence useful as an excellent antifungal.

Serious deep mycosis such as invasive candidiasis often becomes a fatal disease. Originally, it has been considered that a principal protective mechanism on the side of a host organism to fungi such as candida would be nonspecific immunization by neutrophils. When this protective mechanism normally functions, there is little risk of becoming infected with fungi. However, in recent years, a risk of suffering from deep mycosis has been boosted because of the increased number of patients with underlying diseases decreasing the immunological function of an organism, such as malignant tumors and AIDS, frequent use of anticancer agents or immunosuppressive agents, heavy use of antibacterial antibiotics or steroid hormone, long-term use of central venous hyperalimentation or venous catheterization, and the like (Non-Patent Document 1).
There are only 6 agents, i.e., amphotericin B, flucytosine, miconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and micafungin as agents for such deep mycosis. Amphotericin B has an extremely strong fungicidal action; however, it has a problem regarding side effects such as nephrotoxicity, and its clinical use is therefore limited. Flucytosine is rarely used alone at present because the agent has problems, e.g., development of resistance. Micafungin has a low activity against the genus Cryptococcus. The other agents are generically called an azole antifungal agent, and are most frequently used at present considering a balance between effectiveness and safety although their antifungal action tends to be generally inferior compared to that of amphotericin B (Non-Patent Document 2).
Currently, fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans (C. albicans) has been detected with a high frequency in oropharyngeal candidiasis lesions of AIDS patients to whom fluconazole has been repeatedly administered. What is more, most of the resistant strains show cross resistance to itraconazole and other azole agents. Further, such resistant strains have also been reported to be isolated from non-AIDS patients who developed chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis or deep candidiasis (Non-Patent Document 3). The problems regarding resistance seriously affect the management of patients with deep mycosis, the number of which has been steadily increasing (Non-Patent Document 3).
[Non-patent document 1]: Rinsho to Biseibutsu (Clinics and Microorganisms), Vol. 17: pp. 265-266, 1990
[Non-patent document 2]: Rinsho to Biseibutsu (Clinics and Microorganisms), Vol. 21: pp. 277-283, 1994
[Non-patent document 3]: Rinsho to Biseibutsu (Clinics and Microorganisms), Vol. 28: pp. 51-58, 2001

Arylamidine derivative, salt thereof, and antifungal containing these


In a miniaturized transistor, a gate insulating layer is required to reduce its thickness; however, in the case where the gate insulating layer is a single layer of a silicon oxide film, a physical limit on thinning of the gate insulating layer might occur due to an increase in tunneling current, i.e. gate leakage current. With the use of a high-k film whose relative permittivity is higher than or equal to 10 is used for the gate insulating layer, gate leakage current of the miniaturized transistor is reduced. With the use of the high-k film as a first insulating layer whose relative permittivity is higher than that of a second insulating layer in contact with an oxide semiconductor layer, the thickness of the gate insulating layer can be thinner than a thickness of a gate insulating layer considered in terms of a silicon oxide film.

In recent years, semiconductor devices have been developed, and a variety of semiconductor devices such as one with a silicon wafer or a glass substrate, which depends on the usage, has been manufactured.
For example, in a liquid crystal display device, a transistor and a wiring are formed over a glass substrate. An LSI, a CPU, or a memory is an aggregation of semiconductor elements each provided with an electrode which is a connection terminal, which includes a semiconductor integrated circuit (including at least a transistor and a memory) separated from a semiconductor wafer.
In the above semiconductor device, a transistor can be used for part of the components. A silicon-based semiconductor material has been known as a material for a semiconductor thin film that can be applied to a transistor. As another material, an oxide semiconductor has also attracted attention.
As a material of the oxide semiconductor, a material including zinc oxide as its component is known. In addition, a transistor which is formed using a semiconductor including zinc oxide is disclosed (Patent Documents 1 to 3).

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing semiconductor device

Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.


A method and system perform ranking-based evaluations for regression models that are often appropriate for marketing tasks and are more robust to outliers than traditional residual-based performance measures. The output provided by the method and system provides visualization that can offer insights about local model performance and outliers. Several models can be compared to each other to identify the “best” model and, therefore, the “best” model data for the particular marketing task.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to evaluation of scoring models and, more particularly, to the use of ranking-based measures to evaluate the performance of regression models. The invention has particular application to evaluation of prediction models with regard to the ranking of customers and/or potential customers according to their potential to spend for goods and services.
2. Background Description
Evaluating prediction models of customers according to their potential to spend has been done through residual-based measures; i.e., the difference between the predicted and actual spending by some known customers. This approach suffers from two main drawbacks: (1) it is non-robust to outliers (for example, gross errors in the data used for evaluation), and (2) it is not the appropriate measure if the goal is just to identify the best prospective customers.
The standard approach to evaluating regression models on holdout data is through additive, residual-based loss functions, such as squared error loss or absolute loss. These measures are attractive from a statistical perspective as they have likelihood interpretations and because, from an engineering or scientific perspective, they often represent the "true" cost of the prediction errors.
Other approaches to regression model evaluation include Regression Error Curves, where the model is evaluated according to its error rate at different levels of "error tolerance"; and using medians of the absolute deviations (MAD), rather than their mean, as the error measure:MAD=Median(|r1|, . . . , |rn|)  (1)
There are many companies with relatively small wallet size and a few companies with very large wallet size. Therefore, evaluation measures such as mean squared error and mean absolute error can be greatly influenced by a small subset of companies that have very large wallets and for which the models are more likely to make larger absolute errors. On the other hand, measures such as median squared error can completely ignore the performance of the model on the companies with large IT wallet size, which are usually the most important customers. An approach that is often used to mitigate the effects of a skewed distribution (especially in modeling) is to transform the numbers to a logarithmic scale. This approach, however, is not adequate for the evaluation of prediction models, since log-dollars is a unit that does not have a clear financial meaning and, therefore, cannot be used in conjunction with other financial variables such as budget and costs.

Ranking-based method for evaluating customer prediction models

International Business Machines Corporation


A compound having anticancer activity, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is provided. Used is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

In humans, 46 bromodomain proteins that recognize the acetylated lysine in histone proteins are known. The BET (bromodomain and extra-terminal domain) family has been reported as one of the families, and recognizes acetyllysine in histones H3 and H4. BRD (bromodomain containing protein) 2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT (bromodomain testis specific protein) are known as the BET family. BET family proteins have two bromo domains (BD1, BD2) at the N-terminus, and the sequences are strongly conserved between the families. Further, it has been reported that the BET protein is involved in cancer growth [see non-patent documents 1 and 2] and progression of inflammation [see non-patent document 3].
BRD4 enhances expression of genes that promote growth by recruiting P-TEBb on mitotic chromosomes. In NUT-midline carcinoma (NMC), increased expression of c-MYC protein has been confirmed by the BRD4-NUT fusion protein [see non-patent document 4]. It has also been reported that the degree of decrease in expression of the MYC gene is the most significant level in the human multiple myeloma-derived MM1.S cells, among the genes whose expression is decreased by the BET inhibitor JQ-1 treatment [See non-patent document 5].
As typical BET inhibitors, clinical trials of RVX-208/Apabetalone [see non-patent document 6], I-BET762/GSK-525762A [see non-patent document 7], OTX-015/MK8628 [see non-patent document 8], CPI-0610 [see non-patent document 9], TEN-010 [see non-patent document 10], and ABBV-075 [see non-patent document 11] are in progress. Among these drugs, all but RVX-208 are being developed as cancer treatment drugs.
In addition, in recent years, a compound, as a bivalent BET inhibitor, having a stronger BET inhibitory activity by simultaneously inhibiting the BD1 and BD2 domains has also been reported (see non-patent document 12). As the divalent BET inhibitor described above, for example, compounds represented by the following formulas (P1) to (P5) are known (see non-patent document 12, patent documents 1, 2 and 3).

Abstract: (wherein, L1 and L2 are the same or different and each represents a group represented by one formula selected from the group consisting of formulas (A) to (F), and S represents a group represented by one formula selected from the group consisting of formulas (S1) to (S18)).


An automotive suspension strut upper mounting assembly providing increased stroke length and enhanced spring rate tunability with the major working area of the mount being located above the body panel attachment surface. The mount comprises a housing including upper and lower closures readily assembled to enclose a composite isolator mount comprising an inner metal cup bonded to an outer elastomeric ring. The composite ring has a concentric sleeve embedded therein defining inner and outer body portions providing an increased spring rate for stiffening lateral vehicle motion caused by handling maneuvers. The inner and outer body portions are each formed with a pair of diametrically opposed fore and aft voids selectively reducing the spring rate thereby softening longitudinally imposed impact loads.

This invention relates to automotive suspensions and, more particularly, to an improved upper mount for hydraulic suspension shock absorbers providing a single unit arrangement for vehicle assembly line installation together with integrated jounce and rebound stops together and increased stroke length.
An example of one low profile suspension strut is found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,747,587 issued May 31, 1988 to Farrell and assigned to the assignee of the present application. The Farrell patent disclosed a strut isolator and jounce bumper upper mount providing a compact resilient assembly adaptable for a vehicle having a reduced hood line.
The U.S. Pat. No. 5,078,370 issued Jan. 7, 1992 to McClellan is an example of a vehicle front suspension strut having integrated jounce and rebound stops. In the McClellan patent, the suspension spring rebound load is placed on a lower rebound stop member of the mount and the suspension jounce load is placed on an upper jounce stop member of the mount.
The U.S. Pat. No. 4,934,730 issued Jun. 19, 1990 to Okuzumi is an example of a vehicle front suspension strut wherein the upper end of the strut piston rod is engaged in an inner sleeve of a mount insulator for limited axial movement relative to the inner sleeve.
The U.S. Pat. No. 4,274,655 issued Jun. 23, 1981 to Lederman discloses a resilient mount for a MacPherson strut comprising an annular mounting plate, an elastomeric ring, a central sleeve with an attached end plate, and a ball thrust bearing. The mounting plate, central sleeve and the upper bearing ring of the thrust bearing are bonded to the elastomeric ring forming a sub-assembly. The mounting plate has a central cup-shaped portion which is embedded in the elastomeric ring and trapped between an enlarged head of the sleeve and the end plate. The elastomeric ring has integral flexible sealing lips at its lower end which retain the bearing elements and lower ring.


A circuit (10) and method for limiting output currents in a circuit having at least two output drivers (12,14) with outputs (16,18) on which first and second out-of-phase output currents are produced includes a current source (34) and a first current mirror (28). The first current mirror (28) has a first side (30) connected to sense a current in the output drivers and has a second side (32) connected to the current source (34). A magnitude of the current in the output drivers (12,14) produces a proportional voltage at a connection (52) between the second side (32) and the current source (34). First and second control transistors (40,42) are each connected to provide a control current to control respective output currents of the drivers (12,14), the first and second control transistors (40,42) being connected to receive an input signal (46) to pass the control current. A circuit (48) is provided for modifying the control current to the first and second control transistors (40,42) according to the proportional voltage.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to improvements in current limiting circuitry and methods, and more particularly to improvements in current limiting circuits and methods that may be used in RS485 type circuits, or the like.
2. Relevant Background
Many circuits are constructed with at least two channels or sections that do not conduct simultaneously. Although many classes of such circuits exist, one class of such circuits are those that are designed according to the so-called "RS485" standard. Circuits of this type may have, for example, two or more drivers that source and/or sink out-of-phase outputs.
Such drivers may include, for example, "high side driver circuitry" in which two drivers are provided, only one of which being on any instant in time to source current to another circuit or application. In some circuits, "low side drivers" may also be included, in which two driver stages are provided to sink current from an application; again however, only one stage is operated to conduct at any instant in time. In some circuits of this type, both high and low side drivers are provided. In these cases, only one of the two high side drivers is on, and only one of the two low side drivers is on at any instant. Furthermore, although in an elemental sense, only a single stage is described, it is understood that typical circuitry of the type described may have a large number of stages associated with a single integrated circuit device.
In many applications involving circuits of this type, it is desirable to provide for a current limiting function in the circuit. Typically to provide for such current limiting function, a current limiting circuit is provided for each driver in the circuit. Thus, four current limiting circuits are required in a circuit of the type described having two high side drivers and two low side drivers. When the circuit is integrated onto a monolithic integrated circuit chip, the current limiting function occupies a large amount of the chip area that would otherwise be available for integrated circuit components. Moreover, when such current limiting circuitry is provided for each individual driver, the quiescent current demands may be significant.
What is needed therefore, is method and circuit for providing current limiting functions with minimized integrated circuit chip area requirements for circuits of the type described in which a plurality of current driver circuits are provided, but which source and/or sink at least partially out-of-phase output currents.

Current limiting circuit and method that may be shared among different circuitry


Image evaluation method capable of objectively evaluating the image resolution of a microscope image. An image resolution method is characterized in that resolution in partial regions of an image is obtained over an entire area of the image or a portion of the image, averaging is performed over the entire area of the image or the portion of the image, and the averaged value is established as the resolution evaluation value of the entire area of the image or the portion of the image. This method eliminates the subjective impressions of the evaluator from evaluation of microscope image resolution, so image resolution evaluation values of high accuracy and good repeatability can be obtained.

The present invention relates to methods for evaluating microscope images such as from scanning electron microscopes and scanning ion microscopes and relates in particular to a method for evaluating image resolution and a microscope having an evaluation function.
In charged particle microscopes such as scanning electron microscopes (SEM) and scanning ion microscopes (SIM), the related techniques for evaluating image resolution are roughly divided into two methods. One is the gap method disclosed in JP-A-45265/1993 for evaluating image resolution by viewing a microscope image of gold particles deposited by evaporation onto a carbon substrate as a specimen and then finding the minimum visually discernible gap separating the particles at two points as seen on the monitor display of the microscope.
The other is the FFT method as disclosed in JP-A-24640/1999 for evaluating image resolution by frequency analysis of observation image data that was subjected to two-dimensional Fourier transform (FFT).


The invention relates to a spreader for use on a delivery tube of a seeding tool. The spreader is mounted for adjustable positioning in the product stream providing a selectable width of product scatter. The invention preferably includes a tapered deflecting surface with a convex laterally angled surfaces for achieving an even scatter pattern, especially over the varying scatter widths. The deflecting surface is pivoted or advanced into the product stream to change the breadth of surface struck by the product as a result causing different scatter patterns. In a preferred embodiment the spreader includes a channel for mounting onto the delivery tube with a pivot pin pivotally securing it adjacent the outlet and selectively adjustable securing points for angular adjustment. The spreading deflecting surface is separated from the outlet in the direction of product stream so that deflected product is not shielded by the delivery tube. A forwardly facing leading edge of a tapered spreading surface is directed into the product stream preferably between 15-30 degrees to the stream at approximately 65 degrees to the horizontal to deflect product forwardly and laterally in an even pattern.

A spreader is a scattering attachment used with planting tools such as air drills which distribute seed, fertilizer or other granular material in airflow conduits across the width of the planting tool. The spreader is associated with delivery tube, positioned either at the outlet or just inside or outside the outlet. Its purpose is to deflect and redirect seed into a broader area than the row which would be produced by the delivery tube alone. The greater the spread and uniformity of seed placement within the planting furrow, the better seed bed utilization achieved.
Seed delivery spreaders currently in use generally comprise an obstruction in or near the outlet of a seed delivery tube which divides the delivery stream into two separated streams. The spreader may be a block with angled faces, or simply a bolt protruding into the seed stream.
An example of a common type of spreader is a Standard spreader produced by Concord which includes a casting having two angled upper surfaces which meet at a central line positioned in the product stream inside the delivery tube. The casting is bolted to the front interior surface of the delivery tube, generally above the product stream. The common feature to this and equivalent designs is an obstruction essentially perpendicular or at a high angle to the travel of the product stream against which the seeds and other products collide at significant velocity. The seeds tend to separate into two separate streams about the obstruction, and are placed in the furrow essentially in two separate rows. Further, the force of the collision with the spreader causes fracturing and splitting of an undesirably large percentage of the seed.
Depending on soil conditions and other parameters, different ground opening tools will be used which create furrows of different widths. A spreader produced by FarmLand includes replaceable castings of different widths to place in the delivery tube on the front interior surface. Different casting shapes determine the amount of separation resulting between the seeded rows. The casting has angled faces acting on the product stream which divide the seeds into two separate streams. The planting pattern is not scattered but is still divided to form separate rows. Growth patterns using this system exhibit this uneven seeding pattern. While this design achieves variation in the delivery pattern, a different tool must be obtained and installed each time a different spread width is desired to make the change. Further, the seeds still must collide with a nearly perpendicular obstruction surface and will suffer damage.
A Flexi-Coil design provides a spreader formed integrally on the rear interior surface of the delivery tube adjacent the outlet. The deflector has a rounded convex shape and does not present the perpendicular surface to the seed stream. However, this design is only suitable for producing a narrow seed scatter pattern since it is within the delivery tube, and the product spread is not as even as desired.
A design from JR Welding discloses the use of a rectangular extension surface extending from the rear interior surface of the delivery tube behind the product stream. The spreader is crimped to conform to the outlet and to have a high central ridge from which the surfaces are angled laterally. The spreader is welded onto the outlet at a small angle to the product stream compared to other prior art devices. The gentle angle of this spreader to the product stream does cause less shock damage to the seed than other spreaders, but the high central ridge tends to divide the seed stream quite distinctly into two rows which are seeded heavily with very little product deposited towards the central region of the furrow. The outlet is also shielded by a seed boot positioned close to the spreader. Forward deflection of seed is limited as a result. This planting pattern is not desired. No adjustment to the spreader position is possible.
The formation rows of seed or fertilizer reduces the amount of product which can be applied. Seed does not benefit from over crowding, and fertilizer and other products may accumulate in unwanted concentrations which may cause damage.
Rather than planting in two separate rows, a more even scatter pattern is desired for fuller utilization of the soil. It is desired to provide a spreader which provides even scattering of seed delivery without forming distinct rows. If even application of seed and fertilizer can be assured, greater quantities of product can be applied to obtain more efficient soil usage without crowding or burning seed. It is also desired to be able to vary the width of the seed applied to match the furrow. Factors such as air flow, and ground conditions vary the effect of the spread width caused by spreaders. An adjustable spreader would allow seeding to be adapted to the specific conditions to match the spread to the furrow. It is further desired to achieve this delivery without causing shock and seed damage.

Seeding material spreader and optional adjustment means


A thin-film magnetic head comprises a magnetoresistive film, a pair of magnetic domain control layers for applying a bias magnetic field to the magnetoresistive film, a pair of electrode layers for supplying a current to the magnetoresistive film, first and second shield layers for shielding the magnetoresistive film, a first insulating layer disposed between the magnetoresistive film and magnetic domain control layer and the first shield layer, and a second insulating layer disposed between the magnetoresistive film and electrode layer and the second shield layer. The shield layers have a distance therebetween shorter at a position where the electrode layer and magnetic domain control layer are laminated than that at a position where the magnetoresistive film is located. While the surface of the magnetic domain control layer on the first insulating layer side at the position where the electrode film and magnetic domain control layer are laminated is taken as a reference surface, the distance from the reference surface to the surface of the electrode layer on the second insulating layer side is set shorter than the distance from the reference surface to the surface of the magnetoresistive film on the second insulating layer side.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a thin-film magnetic head, a thin-film magnetic head assembly, a storage device, and a method of manufacturing a thin-film magnetic head.
2. Related Background Art
Known as this kind of thin-film magnetic head is one comprising a magnetoresistive film, a pair of electrodes for supplying a current to the magnetoresistive film, and a permanent magnet film for applying a longitudinal bias magnetic field to the magnetoresistive film. The magnetoresistive film is disposed between a pair of magnetic shield films. The distance between the magnetic shield films at a position where the electrodes are provided is not wider than the distance of the magnetic shield films at a position where the magnetoresistive film is provided. This reduces the magnetic field applied to the magnetoresistive film at both end parts thereof in the track width direction. As a result, the seepage of read sensitivity is lowered, so as to stabilize the read output of the thin-film magnetic head.

Thin-film magnetic head, thin-film magnetic head assembly, storage device, and method of manufacturing thin-film magnetic head


An apparatus for preparing beverages comprises a liquid container and a drink medium container including a housing having a tubular member extending downward into the liquid container. The drink medium container includes a filter apparatus capable of containing a drink medium. A drink container includes a tubular liquid inlet in fluid flow communication with the drink medium container. The liquid container is in fluid communication with the drink container such that when liquid in the liquid container is heated, the liquid can flow upward from the liquid container through the tubular member, filter apparatus, and through the tubular liquid inlet into the drink container. The liquid container includes a double wall construction to maintain the temperature on an outer surface thereof at a relatively low level. The drink container includes an outer surface having longitudinally extending grooves which function to direct steam venting from the liquid container upwardly and away from the outer surface of the liquid container.

This invention relates to a hot beverage making device, and in particular to one which is suitable for making coffee and espresso in a microwave oven.
Hot drink makers suitable for us in a microwave oven, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,281,785, have heretofore been known. Such beverage makers generally include a liquid container or reservoir, a filter basket, and a drink container. A drink medium, such as coffee grind, is placed in the filter basket and liquid, such as water, is placed in the liquid container. The liquid container is made of a material which is permeable to microwaves. The liquid container, filter apparatus, and drink container are in fluid flow communication. The liquid in the liquid container is subjected to microwaves, which heats the liquid and converts a portion thereof into steam. The liquid flows through the filter basket into the drink container.
The heat generated by the microwave raises the temperature of the outer surface of the liquid container to a relatively high level, which, if touched by the user immediately after the microwave cycle has been completed, will result in the user's discomfort. In addition, part of the steam generated in the liquid container during the microwave cycle and immediately thereafter, is vented. Unrestrained or undirected steam venting may result in the user being discomforted by exposure to steam.
It is accordingly an object of this invention to design a hot drink maker, particularly suitable for use in a microwave oven which substantially eliminates the possibility of user discomfort by maintaining external gripping areas at relatively low temperature levels and directing vent steam away from such gripping areas.

Apparatus and method for making beverages in a microwave oven


A staged process has been discovered for the selective conversion of paraffins in naphtha to aromatics and conversion of naphthenes in naphtha to olefins. In a first stage, n-paraffins in naphtha are converted to aromatics over modified non acidic zeolite catalyst particles with a low conversion of naphthenes in the feedstream. The effluent from the first stage is cascaded to a second stage reactor containing acidic zeolite catalyst wherein naphthenes are converted to light olefins. Advantageously, the process of the invention results in a reduction in the production of light C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 paraffins compared to the prior art. The preferred catalyst for the first stage is a platinum modified zeolite containing tin.

Catalytic reforming is a process in which hydrocarbon molecules are rearranged, or reformed in the presence of catalyst. The molecular rearrangement results in an increase in the octane rating of the feedstock. Thus, during reforming low octane hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range are converted into high octane components by dehydrogenation of naphthenes and isomerization, dehydrocyclization and hydrocracking of paraffins.
Naphtha reforming may also be used for the production of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene aromatics. Generally, the molecular rearrangement of molecular components of a feed, which occurs during reforming, results in only slight changes in the boiling point of the reformate (the product of reforming).
Reformate comprises a large percentage of finished pool gasoline, up to 80% in topping-reforming refineries. With the advent of non-lead gasolines, more straight run stocks usually blended into gasoline are now reformed. Commercial reformers use a platinum containing catalyst with a hydrogen recycle stream. The typical processes can be classified initially according to the approach to catalyst regeneration, i.e., semi-regenerative, cyclic or continuous with cyclic and continuous units operated at low pressure (<300 psig).
In the late 1960's platinum-rhenium bimetallic catalysts were introduced with a high selectivity for cracking. Recently, platinum and non-acidic zeolite containing catalyst compositions have been introduced in reforming. Zeolites include naturally occurring and synthetic zeolites. It has been reported that such non-acidic catalysts demonstrate superior selectivities in reforming.
More recent governmental regulations prescribing the production of cleaner fuels particularly containing less benzene, aromatics and more oxygenated compounds have technically challenged the petroleum refining industry to meet those regulations while minimizing economic upset to refinery operations and unit processes. Naphtha catalytic reforming which plays a major role in the refinery in upgrading low octane value hydrocarbons is a focal point for process improvement. Higher linear and low branched paraffin conversion to aromatics, particularly C.sub.7 + aromatics, and higher overall selectivity to high octane value compounds is sought for. It is also desirable to achieve these objectives while reducing or at least not increasing the make of low value light C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 paraffins which are typically a by-product of naphtha cracking/reforming.
The instant invention provides a major accomplishment in paraffins upgrading by dehydrocyclization/aromatization combined with cracking operations. The following patents while related to the instant invention do not teach or suggest that invention and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,867,864 to Dessau (Sep. 19, 1989) discloses a catalytic process for the conversion of a paraffin feed to effluents with increased aromaticity wherein the catalyst comprises low acid value zeolite Beta in combination with a strong dehydrogenation/hydrogenation metal.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,935,566 to Dessau, et al (Jun. 19, 1990) discloses a dehydrocyclization and reforming process for paraffins employing preferably a non acidic platinum-tin containing crystalline micro porous material.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,969,987 and 5,100,533 to Le et al, incorporated herein by reference, disclose a process for upgrading paraffinic naphtha by cracking over medium pore zeolite catalyst to produce at least 10 wt % isoalkene. The preferred feedstock is straight run naphtha containing C.sub.7 + alkanes, at least 15 wt % C.sub.7 + naphthenes and less than 20% aromatics.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,423, to Chen, et al (May 12, 1991) teaches a process for the manufacture of aromatics from normal hexane and normal heptane using a non-acidic indium catalyst containing platinum.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,035,285 to Owen (Jul. 12, 1977) discloses a process for the catalytic cracking of high boiling hydrocarbons in the presence of crystalline zeolite conversion catalyst and hydrogen.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,037,531 to Budens, et al (Aug. 6, 1991) discloses a catalytic cracking process using Y zeolite.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for the conversion of naphtha to high octane value hydrocarbons with a high selective conversion of acyclic paraffins, particularly low octane linear paraffins, to aromatics.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a process for the conversion of naphtha wherein a significant portion of naphthenes in the naphtha feedstream are concomitantly converted to light olefins.
Another object of the invention is to produce petrochemical feed stocks including light aromatics and light olefins from naphtha.
Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide a process for naphtha upgrading to aromatics and olefins with a reduced production of light C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 paraffins.
An additional object of the invention is to provide a process which upgrades naphtha to aromatics and branched paraffins rich gasoline and ethene, propene and butene rich light gas.

Process for the selective conversion of naphtha to aromatics and olefins


Provided are space-efficient capacitors that have a higher quality factor than conventional designs and improve coupling of electrical energy from a through-glass via (TGV) to a dielectric. For example, provided is a TGV having a non-rectangular cross-section, where one end of the TGV is coupled to a first metal plate. A dielectric material is formed on the first metal plate. A second metal plate is formed on the dielectric material in a manner that overlaps at least a portion of the first metal plate to form at least one overlapped region of the dielectric material. At least a part of the perimeter of the overlapped region is non-planar. The overlapped region can be formed in a shape of a closed ring, in a plurality of portions of a ring shape, in substantially a quarter of a ring shape, and/or in substantially a half of a ring shape.

As integrated circuit operating frequencies (f) increase, there is a commensurate increase in the required capacitor quality factor (Q) of capacitors used in the integrated circuit. Capacitor "Q" represents the energy efficiency of a capacitor, and can be determined by Q=Xc/Rc, where "Xc" is capacitive reactance of the capacitor and "Rc" is the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the capacitor. The "Xc" of the capacitor is determined by Xc=½πfC, where C=capacitance. Thus, when capacitance is constant, as "f" goes up, "Xc" goes down and "Q" goes down. Increasing "f" also leads to losing energy by heating of the integrated circuit, which in turn leads to an increase in thermal noise in the high-frequency integrated circuit.
Conventional metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors located near a through-glass via (TGV) have rectangular-shaped dielectrics that are space-inefficient. Further, the rectangular-shaped dielectrics of the conventional MIM capacitors limit the maximum "Q" of the conventional MIM capacitors. Thus, there is a need for MIM capacitors located near a TGV that are space-efficient, energy efficient, and have a higher "Q" when compared to conventional devices.
Accordingly, there are long-felt industry needs for methods and apparatus that improve upon conventional methods and apparatus, including the improved methods and apparatus provided hereby.

High quality factor capacitors and methods for fabricating high quality factor capacitors


A switched mode power convertor with a switch, a switching control device, a coil for storing energy, and a load. The switch is coupled between an input of the power convertor and the coil, and the coil is further coupled to an output of the power convertor. The switching control device has a control input and controls the switch. The switched mode power convertor further has an input current estimator which estimates the input from a quotient of a measured output power and a measured input voltage, taking into account the efficiency of the power convertor. A signal proportional to the estimated input current is supplied to the control input.

The present invention relates to a power convertor outlined in the preamble of claim 1.
The present invention also relates to an integrated circuit comprising such a power convertor and to a telecommunication device such as a telephone or facsimile provided with such a power convertor.
Such a power convertor also known as switched mode power supply and applied in an IC and telephone is generally known. In particular it is known from EP-A-0 190 110 to implement an output voltage stabilised power convertor in an integrated circuit and to use it in a telecommunication device, such as a telephone, a facsimile, a modem or the like. The known power convertor is provided with a switching control device for interrupting supplied input power. These power convertors have the known ability to convert with a high efficiency the supplied input voltages and currents from one value to another value. Their ability is being used for converting line power on a line such as a telephone line to voltages and currents which can be used for feeding internal features in the integrated circuit, telephone circuit, as well as in the telephone itself.
Nowadays communication devices have additional line power consuming features such as handsfree, listening-in, on hook dialling features, a loudspeaker used as a buzzer etcetera. Each country posses different specific demands on the telephone line and on the communication devices connected thereto when it comes to allowable voltages, currents and input impedances under varies line conditions. Telephone requirements make it in combination with certain of those features impossible to comply with the line requirements imposed by local national telecommunication authorities. This holds in particular for requirements concerning quantities such as minimum allowable input impedance under various line conditions.
So known power convertors have the disadvantage of not being able to hold line input quantities of such telecommunication devices within the prescribed boundaries under severe line/load conditions.

Power convertor, an integrated, and a telecommunication device


In a recording and reproducing apparatus, time stamps are generated which represent moments of arrival of sequentially-inputted packets of data respectively. The generated time stamps are added to the sequentially-inputted packets respectively, and thereby the sequentially-inputted packets are converted into second packets respectively. The second packets are recorded on a recording medium. The second packets are sequentially reproduced from the recording medium. The time stamps in the respective reproduced second packets are detected. A detection is made as to whether each of the detected time stamps is correct or wrong. When a wrong time stamp is detected, a reproduced second packet is discarded which relates to the detected wrong time stamp.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an apparatus for recording and reproducing packet data on and from a recording medium such as a magnetic recording medium. Also, this invention relates to an apparatus for reproducing packet data from a recording medium such as a magnetic recording medium.
2. Description of the Related Art
A digital satellite system (DSS) and a digital video broadcasting (DVB) system are examples of digital transmission systems. The DSS sends a stream of packets of digital data representing a plurality of programs multiplexed on a time-division basis. Also, the DVB system sends a stream of packets of digital data representing a plurality of programs multiplexed on a time-division basis. The digital data handled by the DVB system is of a predetermined format conforming to MPEG2. Here, MPEG2 is short for "Moving Picture Image Coding Experts Group Phase 2".
In such digital transmission systems, packets sequentially transported from a transmission side represent programs and also identification information pieces for accurate recovery of the programs. In a reception side, the identification information pieces are extracted from a received transport stream of packets, and the programs are recovered from the transport stream of packets in response to the identification information pieces.
There is a known apparatus for recording and reproducing a digital signal on and from a magnetic tape sync-block by sync-block. In this known apparatus, an input digital signal representing a program or programs is divided into sync blocks which are sequentially recorded.
Also, there is a known apparatus for recording and reproducing a transport stream of packets of digital data on and from a magnetic tape. This known apparatus includes a counter outputting a signal representing local reference time which starts from an initial value at start of each recording process or each playback process. During a recording process, the output signal of the local-reference-time counter which occurs at reception of every packet in an input transport stream is added to the packet as a time stamp. Packets including respective time stamps undergo given signal processing before being recorded on the magnetic tape. In this known apparatus, during a playback process, packets reproduced from the magnetic tape are sequentially stored into a buffer memory. The reproduced packets are sequentially read out from the buffer memory. The reproduced packets read out from the buffer memory compose an output transport stream. A time stamp in every reproduced packet is detected. The detected time stamp is compared with the output signal of the local-reference-time counter. When the output signal of the local-reference-time counter comes into agreement with the detected time stamp, reading the related packet from the buffer memory is implemented. This timing control enables the output transport stream to be equal to the input transport stream in packet order and time intervals between packets.

Recording and reproducing apparatus for packet data


A docking station for a portable communication device includes a body portion and a guide portion which is formed to accommodate various exterior shapes of the portable communication device and detachably coupled to the portable communication device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a docking station for a portable communication device provided with a guide portion that is formed to fit various exterior shapes of the portable communication device and to be detachable coupled to the docking station.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, "portable communication devices" enable wireless communication while the devices are being carried around. The portable communication devices include a hand-held phone (HHP), a cordless telephone (CT-) 2 cellular phone, a digital phone, a personal communications systems (PCS) phone, and a personal digital assistant (PDA), etc. The wireless terminals are typically classified into a bar type, a flip type, a folder type, and a sliding type according to their shapes. These portable terminals include an antenna apparatus, a data input/output device such as a touch screen, and a data transceiver.
Unlike a Personal Computer (PC), the portable communication device is not equipped with parts such as a local printer, a backup drive, and a mass storage device. Thus, the portable communication device needs a docking station for connection to other accessory parts. The docking station includes a hardware device and a series of connecting interfaces for engaging with external devices.
As shown in FIG. 1, a docking station 2 includes a slot 2a formed to fit for the shape of a portable communication device 1 and a connecting terminal 2b connecting the portable communication device 1 via the slot 2a.
When the portable communication device 1 is electrically connected to the slot 2a of the docking station 2, a user can use a charging device, an external memory device, a local printer, and the like. When moving to other places, the user may detach the portable communication device 1 from the slot 2a to use the portable communication device 1 in corresponding places.
However, a docking station for a conventional portable communication device has a slot formed to fit for the exterior shape of the portable communication device, such that the slot cannot be used for a portable communication device having different exterior shape.
Moreover, to use a portable communication device having different shape, a separate docking station having a slot formed to fit for that particular shape is required, increasing a cost of a product.
Accordingly, there is a need for a single docking station that can house and accommodate portable communication devices having various exterior shapes.

Docking station for portable communication device


A roller for creating a curl, wave, or volume in human hair extending across a width of a human head is disclosed. The roller has cylinder and a plurality of bristle groups. The cylinder has a first end, a second end, a cylindrical side wall, a central passage, and a plurality of vent apertures. Each bristle group comprises a plurality of bristles. The cylindrical side wall extends between the first and second end. The central passage extends within the cylinder between the first and second end. The plurality of bristle groups are spaced about the cylindrical side wall.

Rollers are known for use in creating curls in human hair. Certain prior art rollers have VELCRO provided on the exterior of the rollers.
The present inventor recognized the need for a roller that has longer length to eliminate or minimize unwanted parting lines on a top hair section of a user's head. The present inventor recognized the need for a roller that will save time, energy, and effort by enabling use with a wider section of hair as compared to conventional rollers. The present inventor recognized that VELCRO attracts lint and more easily tangles hair and causes hair follicle breakage.
The present inventor recognized that the prior art roller have a tendency to fall out of a user's hair and require the use of pins or clips to secure the roller in place. The present inventor recognized the need for a roller with bristles that provides a gripping effect and do not require pins, clips, or other hardware to secure the roller to a user's hair.
The present inventor recognized the need for a roller that can be used on all hair types and on people of all ages. The present inventor recognized the need for a roller that can be used to add volume, and or create curls or waves in hair whether hair starts out wet or dry. The present inventor recognized the need for an efficient, time-saving, roller that would provide increased functionality and convenience for the user.


The present invention is a filing cabinet with an outrigger that increases a footprint of the file cabinet to prevent the file cabinet from tipping over. The outrigger is positioned in proximity to a bottom of the housing, the outrigger includes a bias element to move a cantilever structure from a retracted position to a deployed position when the file cabinet is tipped to a release angle.

Field of the Invention
This invention is directed to an apparatus to prevent file cabinets, furniture and other large items from tipping over and possibly injuring individuals. More specifically, this invention is directed to an outrigger for a file cabinet that deploys when the file cabinet is tipped to prevent the file cabinet from tipping over.
Discussion of Related Art
Traditional file cabinets are inherently dangerous because the sliding of drawers changes a center of gravity of the entire cabinet and when the center of gravity is not over the footprint of the cabinet, the cabinet can easily tip over. This inherent danger can be increased under reasonably foreseeable circumstances including: overloading cabinets; pulling downward on extended drawers; pulling horizontally on open or closed drawer hardware or cabinet structure; getting ensnared on the cabinet structure while walking away from the unit; impacting or pushing forward on a backside of the cabinet by people or vehicles, such as forklifts; mounting cabinets on non-level surfaces; and impact from rapidly opening drawers against stops. Known methods of increasing the stability of the file cabinets include: bolting the cabinets to the floor and/or wall; adding counterweights; gang bolting cabinets side-to-side or back-to-back; locating the file cabinet beneath a shelf or other horizontal surface that blocks the cabinet's ability to tilt; and interlock systems that permit only one drawer to be open at a time. Bolting, ganging and under mounting work well to minimize tipping; however, these methods immobilize cabinets and inhibit relocation within an office. Counterweights and interlocks only provide modest improvement in overturning resistance and cannot be retrofit to traditional file cabinets that have multi-decade life spans.