A class of aromatic-substituted xanthene compounds useful as fluorescent dyes is disclosed, the compounds having the general structure where Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 taken separately are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, oxygen, imminium, linking group and amine, or Y.sub.1 taken together with R.sub.2 is cyclic imine, or Y.sub.2 taken together with R.sub.3 is cyclic amine; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.5, and R.sub.7 taken separately are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, lower alkyl, lower alkene, lower alkyne, sulfonate, sulfone, amino, imminium, amido, nitrile, lower alkoxy, phenyl, and linking group; R.sub.1 taken separately is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, substituted phenyl, polycyclic aromatic, substituted polycyclic aromatic, linking group and electron-rich heterocycle, or when taken together with R.sub.7 is selected from the group consisting of electron-rich heterocycle and indene; R.sub.4 taken separately is selected from the group consisting of amino, amido, phenyl, substituted phenyl, polycyclic aromatic, substituted polycyclic aromatic, indene, linking group and electron-rich heterocycle, or when taken together with R.sub.5 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, substituted phenyl, polycyclic aromatic, substituted polycyclic aromatic, indene, and electron-rich heterocycle; and R.sub.6 is selected from the group consisting of acetylene, lower alkyl, lower alkene, cyano, phenyl, substituted phenyl, and heterocyclic aromatic. In another aspect, the invention includes methods for synthesizing the above dye compounds and intermediates. In yet another aspect, the present invention includes reagents labeled with the asymmetric benzoxanthene dye compounds, including deoxynucleotides, dideoxynucleotides, phosphoramidites, and polynucleotides. In an additional aspect, the invention includes methods utilizing such dye compounds and reagents including dideoxy polynucleotide sequencing and fragment analysis methods.

The non-radioactive detection of biological analytes utilizing fluorescent labels is an important technology in modem analytical biotechnology. By eliminating the need for radioactive labels, safety is enhanced and the environmental impact of reagent disposal is greatly reduced. Examples of methods utilizing such fluorescent detection methods include DNA sequencing, oligonucleotide probe methods, detection of polymerase-chain-reaction products, immunoassays, and the like.
In many important applications the independent detection of multiple spatially overlapping analytes in a mixture is required, e.g., single-tube multiplex DNA probe assays, immuno assays, multicolor DNA sequencing methods, and the like. In the case of multi-loci DNA probe assays, by employing spectrally distinguishable fluorescent labels, the number of reaction tubes may be reduced thereby simplifying experimental protocols and facilitating the manufacturing of application-specific kits. In the case of automated DNA sequencing, multicolor fluorescent labeling allows for the analysis of multiple bases in a single lane thereby increasing throughput over single-color methods and reducing uncertainties associated with inter-lane electrophoretic mobility variations.
Multi-color fluorescent detection imposes five severe constraints on the selection of dye labels, particularly for applications requiring a single excitation light source, an electrophoretic separation, and/or treatment with enzymes, e.g., automated fluorescence-based DNA sequencing. First, it is difficult to find a set of dyes whose emission spectra are spectrally resolved, since the typical emission band half-width for organic fluorescent dyes is about 40-80 nanometers (nm) and the width of available spectrum is limited by the excitation light source. Second, even if dyes with non-overlapping emission spectra are found, the set may still not be suitable if the respective fluorescent efficiencies are too low. Third, when several fluorescent dyes are used concurrently, simultaneous excitation becomes difficult because the absorption bands of the dyes are widely separated. Fourth, the charge, molecular size, and conformation of the dyes must not adversely affect the electrophoretic mobilities of the analyte. Fifth, the fluorescent dyes must be compatible with the chemistry used to create or manipulate the analyte, e.g., DNA synthesis solvents and reagents, buffers, polymerase enzymes, ligase enzymes, and the like.


A combination vent valve/purge valve apparatus (10) for an automotive fuel vapor recovery system canister (14) comprises a purge valve (26) and a vent valve (16) in a single housing. When open, the vent valve (16) allows outside air to enter the canister (14). The purge valve (26), when open, allows fuel vapor to flow from the canister (14) into a vacuum source (12). A gas channel (28, 130, 168) extends between a vent chamber (18) within the vent valve (16) and a purge chamber (28) within the purge valve (26). When the purge valve (26) is open and a purge plunger (86) within the purge chamber (28) is positioned away from the gas channel (28, 130, 168), the manifold vacuum draws air from one side of a diaphragm (126) within the vent chamber (18) drawing the diaphragm (126) and a vent plunger (152) downward against a spring to close the vent valve (16). When the purge plunger (86) is positioned to block the gas channel (28, 130, 168), the spring forces the vent plunger (152) upward to open the vent valve (16). Therefore, a single actuator (36) is able to directly control purge closure position and to indirectly control vent closure position to either purge the canister (14) or evacuate the canister (14) to prepare for a leak check.

Evaporative fuel recovery systems are used to recover volatile fuel vapors from the airspace in automotive vehicle fuel tanks. Some evaporative fuel recovery systems use vapor collection canisters filled with an activated carbon mixture. These canisters are in gaseous communication with the vehicle fuel tanks to allow the activated carbon mixture to adsorb fuel vapor from the airspace above the fuel disposed in the tanks. The adsorbed fuel vapor must be purged periodically from the vapor collection canisters to preclude over-saturation of the carbon mixture and to allow additional vapor adsorption to take place. In a number of such systems a purge line connects the canister to the engine intake manifold to allow the intake manifold vacuum to purge the canister by drawing adsorbed fuel from the canister into the engine combustion chambers. A purge valve is disposed between the engine intake manifold and the canister to control and regulate fuel vapor flow from the canister to the intake manifold. Canister purging is therefore accomplished by opening the purge valve to allow the engine intake manifold vacuum to draw air and fuel vapor into the intake manifold from the canister. From the intake manifold the air and fuel vapor are drawn into an engine combustion chamber to be burned. During normal purge operations, an atmosphere vent admits atmospheric air into the canister to replace the air and fuel vapor that the intake manifold has drawn out of the canister.
In some systems, to permit diagnostic leak detection, a vent valve is disposed inline with the atmosphere vent to control the flow of gasses between the canister and the atmosphere. Where a negative pressurization leak detect system is used, the vent valve is closed and the canister evacuated. A vacuum sensor then measures either the rate of vacuum loss, or how much energy is required to maintain the vacuum. Where a positive pressurization leak detect system is used, the vent valve is closed and a sensor measures either the rate of pressure dissipation or the amount of energy required to maintain a given pressure differential.
In systems that include both purge valves and vent valves, the two valves are physically separated. In addition, these systems include separate actuators to operate the respective valves. Therefore, the valves are actuated independently. Each of the following patents includes a system of this type having separate valves and a separate actuator for each valve:
______________________________________ U.S. Pat. No. Inventor ______________________________________ 5,411,004 Busato, et al. 5,437,257 Giacomazzi, et al. 5,450,833 Denz, et al. 5,460,141 Denz, et al. 5,499,614 Busato, et al. 5,542,397 Takahata, et al. 5,560,347 Reddy, et al. 5,562,084 Shimamura 5,562,757 Brun, et al. 5,613,477 Maeda 5,614,665 Curran, et al. 5,623,911 Kiyomiya, et al. 5,629,477 Ito 5,635,630 Dawson et al. ______________________________________
What is needed is an evaporative fuel recovery system that includes both a purge valve and a vent valve, is easier to assemble and operate and requires fewer parts.


A turbine impeller including a rotor; a blade extending from the rotor from a first end of the blade; and a squealer tip provided at a second end opposite to the first end of the blade, wherein at least one perforated portion penetrates through the squealer tip.

1. Field
Apparatuses consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments relate to a structure of a turbine impeller including a blade with a squealer tip for preventing thermal damage and for featuring high efficiency.
2. Description of the Related Art
A turbine is a device for producing power by using an energy generated as a high temperature and high pressure fluid flows in the turbine and expands. In the related art, the turbine includes one or more turbine impellers. Each turbine impeller includes a rotor located at the center and a plurality of blades extending in a long shape from a surface of the rotor. The rotor and the blades that are formed as a single body is accommodated in a shroud. The single body of the rotor and the blades rotates, and produces power.
Particularly, in case of an axial turbine, a fluid flows in a direction almost parallel to the rotating axis of a turbine impeller, and the fluid flowed into the turbine flows and contacts blades, thereby rotating the turbine impeller. Here, an end of a blade is located at a predetermined distance apart from the shroud to prevent the blade from being damaged and to allow smooth revolution. However, the fluid passing through the gap between the end of the blade and the shroud cannot contribute the production of energy via revolution of the turbine impeller at all. Therefore, the fluidic energy of the fluid through gap is wasted.
To prevent deterioration of efficiency of a turbine due to the fluid leaked through such a gap, a squealer tip is formed at an end of a blade close to a shroud.
The squealer tip is a protrusion which is formed at an end of a blade having a airfoil-like cross-sectional shape and has a predetermined height, where an airfoil-like groove is formed at an end of a blade having a squealer tip.

Turbine impeller comprising blade with squealer tip


The invention relates to a radial piston hydraulic motor. The radial piston hydraulic motor comprises a cam ring provided, with a wave-shaped inner surface and radial cylinders provided in the inner part inside the cam ring and pistons that move therein as well as rollers coupled to the pistons so as to follow the inner surface of the cam ring. By the effect of the working pressure of hydraulic oil conveyed to the cylinders, the rollers that are pressed against the inner surface of the cam ring provide a rotating movement of the cam ring and the inner part relative to each other. The hydraulic motor is provided with disengaging members disengaging the rollers coupled to the pistons from contact to the inner surface of the cam ring when the working pressure stops acting in the cylinders for bringing the hydraulic motor into freewheeling. The hydraulic motor is provided with a control coupling which, when the prevailing pressure of hydraulic oil in the working pressure line that leads to the cylinders drops below a specific level, automatically disengages the cylinders from the working pressure line and couples the hydraulic motor into freewheeling.

Cam ring motors, i.e. radial piston hydraulic motors provided with a cam ring, have been known for quite some time. In such a motor, radial pistons are provided with rollers that are pressed against a wave-shaped inner surface of the cam ring. It is characteristic of the motor that a specific supply pressure must be constantly available so that the rollers of the pistons stay engaged to the wave-shaped cam ring. As the rotating speed of the motor rises, the output, i.e. volume flow, supplied by the pump is at some point no longer sufficient relative to the speed of the motor, in which case, without special arrangements, the rollers of the pistons start to disengage from the cam ring, the hydraulic motor starts to sound abnormal and is obviously at risk from breakage. In this situation, the motor must be couplable into freewheeling and, in addition, the motor must be structurally and functionally such that the pistons, especially the rollers of the pistons, automatically come off the cam ring. To this end, the motor must be provided with a special freewheeling valve. As one example of such a solution, a radial piston hydraulic motor and a method in the control thereof as described in FI patent publication No 118233 are disclosed.
Other state of the art solutions are also known. As one example, an arrangement described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,224,411 is disclosed, wherein two hydraulic motors are supplied by a hydraulic pump, one being continuously coupled to one pump and the other being disengageable from it. The motor that is disengageable is of a type where the pistons come off the cam ring when pressure is not supplied to the motor. The system comprises a check valve disposed in a distributor valve for preventing the cams from being struck against the cam ring when the cam ring starts to press them into the group so as to assume a freewheeling position. This is effected so that the check valve prevents the oil that has been discharged from under the pistons from flowing under the pistons that are already pressed into the block and lifting them back up. The only way for the oil is to the tank line. However, the control valve described in the patent referred to above does not function automatically but requires that the freewheeling position be manually switched on.
With respect to the state of the art, reference is also made to U.S. Pat. No. 6,508,328 describing a hydraulically operated working machine driving system. A by-pass valve is provided in connection, with the motor and disposed in a block external to the motor for preventing the hydraulic motor from cavitating and unnecessarily braking in a situation where the speed of the machine is high and the wheels rotate faster than the pump outputs oil. The machine has a mechanical main power transmission, so this possible. In this case, the valve connects lines A and B of the motor to each other so that the supply pressure acts under the pistons and the rollers of the piston follow the cam ring. When the speed of the wheels slows down to a degree that the output of the pump is sufficient again, this valve automatically couples the by-pass flow to the plug, a full supply pressure is conveyed to the pistons and the motor starts to drive again. However, the valve does not couple the pistons into freewheeling, i.e. into the cylinder block off the cam ring. The pistons continuously hold contact to the cam ring, and no real freewheeling is established. As the pistons follow the cam ring, power losses occur.


Embodiments may comprise a food container. Food containers according to embodiments of the invention may include at least three sidewalls each adjoining an edge of a base wall bounded by at least three edges. A food container may further include at least one lid comprising at least one leaf, wherein the leaf is adapted to be fixed in an open configuration and function as a handle while in the open configuration.

A. Field of Invention
Embodiments generally relate to devices and methods for packaging, delivering, and serving foods.
B. Description of the Related Art
A number of disposable food containers are known in the art for packaging delivery foods such as pizza. With specific regard to pizza, it is well known to use boxes having a top-opening lid. Such boxes are typically suitable for delivery of a pizza product and also for serving the product. For instance, a user may place the pizza box on a countertop or tabletop with the lid open thus allowing persons to take a slice from the box. However, such boxes have certain shortcomings. Namely, the lid takes up a significant amount of space on the countertop or table top, effectively doubling the footprint of the pizza box which may make it difficult to serve more than one pizza at a time and may limit the amount of space available for diners, or for other uses. What is needed is a food container lid which does not increase the footprint of the container when the lid is open.
Some embodiments of the present invention may provide one or more benefits or advantages over the prior art.


In an embodiment, a memory device comprises a clock generating unit being configured to generate a read clock signal, the clock generating unit being connected to a first clock signal contact configured to send the read clock signal, and the clock generating unit being connected to data signal contacts being configured to send data signals, the memory device being configured to send the data signals in a phase and frequency accurate (source synchronous) manner with regard to the read clock signal.

Memory devices comprising a plurality of memory cells which may be selectively addressed (random access memory) are nowadays used in many stationary and portable units in order to store information and read it out again. Current memory devices allowing for a high data transmission rate are optimized for the respective ambient conditions. For these memory devices, the focus is on guaranteeing high signal integrity via a fixed channel or a printed circuit board, respectively. In the case of high data transmission rates, these memory devices exhibit high power consumption. Moreover, very broad data interfaces are desirable in order to achieve high data transmission rates. Conventional memory devices are therefore not very appropriate for applications in which a low power consumption is a significant factor. In particular, existing memory devices are not optimized for mobile and portable appliances.

Memory device and memory system comprising a memory device and a memory control device


Systems and techniques are disclosed relating to wireless communications. The systems and techniques involve an efficient power source for prolonged battery life. The power source may include first and second batteries, and a power management module configured to operate each of the first and second batteries in a pulse current discharge mode while supplying continuous current to a load.

Battery life is an important consideration in the design of wireless communication devices. Today, various power management techniques have been employed by manufacturers to reduce the average power consumption of the device, and thereby extend battery life. By way of example, efficient power management systems have emerged for second-generation (2G) voice communications in wireless communication devices equipped with code division multiple access (CDMA) technology. 2G CDMA systems are based on the TIA/EIA IS-95 CDMA standard, including IS-95A and IS-95B revisions. These standards are well known in the art. Today, it is not uncommon to find such devices with standby times of weeks and talk times of several hours. This is often achieved by intelligently switching the power to various processing resources.
To meet the growing demand for wireless services and high-speed data services, the third-generation (3G) of mobile services has recently emerged in the telecommunications industry. Much like the previous generation, CDMA provides the platform on which 3G services are provided. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU), working with industry bodies from around the world, defines and approves technical requirements and standards under the IMT-2000 (International Telecommunication Union-20 program).
Wireless communication devices with 3G services are feature rich multi-mode devices capable of supporting voice, high-speed Internet and multimedia communications. Some of the popular features on a high-end device, such as a mobile station modem (MSM) include: a MP3 player, a MPEG-4 decoder, Bluetooth, gpsOne, audio decoders, JPEG encoder/decoder, and the like. In many of these devices, the voice services are enhanced with live video. Some of these features may prohibit a power management scheme that interrupts the power source as is often done in devices supporting 2G services. This may result in a dramatic increase in average power consumption with the largest increases feeding the baseband circuitry, the memories and the display. Moreover consumer behavior studies indicate an increasing interest in lengthy connection of various digital services such as cameras and the Internet in the near future.
Various techniques have been proposed to reduce power consumption by wireless communication devices supporting 3G services. Some of the more common approaches include shrinking the device technology, caching, optimizing the front end architecture, using direct conversion transceivers, using foot and head switches, scaling the supply voltage (run-time throttling), and reducing the average current consumption (run-time frequency throttling and clock gating). These techniques are all well known in the art and have enjoyed some success in reducing the average power consumption of the device.
In reality, the average power consumption of the device is only one component of battery life. Further increases in battery life may be realized by increasing the efficiency by which the battery delivers energy to the various processing resources. The need for a battery efficient system is clear in wireless communications supporting 3G services. In these devices, traditional power management schemes directed to reducing average power consumption may not provide acceptable battery life. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a battery efficient system that may be used alone, or in combination with other power management techniques, to increase battery life.


A hydraulic transfer film includes: a water-soluble substrate, a pattern-forming layer formed on the water-soluble substrate and having a water-soluble region and an oil-soluble region, an oil-soluble pattern layer formed on the pattern-forming layer, an oil-soluble base layer formed on the oil-soluble pattern layer, and an activating layer including a curable activating agent that permeates into the oil-soluble region, the oil-soluble pattern layer, and the oil-soluble base layer such that the oil-soluble region, the oil-soluble pattern layer, and the oil-soluble base layer are partly soluble in the curable activating agent. A method of forming the hydraulic transfer film and a pattern film are also disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a hydraulic transfer film, a pattern film, and a method of forming a hydraulic transfer film.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional hydraulic transfer method includes: forming a pattern layer on a water-soluble substrate, spray coating an activating agent on the pattern layer to activate the pattern layer, pressing the activated pattern layer on the water-soluble substrate against an article in water so as to transfer the pattern layer onto the article, curing the pattern layer and the activating agent on the article by ultraviolet light or heat, and removing the water-soluble substrate from the cured pattern layer so as to obtain the article with the desired pattern.
With an increase in requirements for higher quality of the hydraulic transfer pattern, a hydraulic transfer film that can provide a superior three-dimensional pattern and desired touch feeling is required.
U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20110209640A1 discloses a method of forming three-dimensional patterns on an article surface. Referring to FIG. 1, in this method, a hydraulic transfer film 1 is used, which includes a water-soluble substrate 10, a pattern layer 12 formed on the water-soluble substrate 10, a base layer 13 formed on the pattern layer 12 and the water-soluble substrate 10, and an activating layer 14 formed on the base layer 13 and including a curable activating agent. The activating agent can dissolve the base layer 13 but cannot dissolve the pattern layer 12.
Due to the structural design of the hydraulic transfer film 1, the conventional method may not provide good three-dimensional transferring effect when the pattern layer 12 has a relatively large area.

Hydraulic transfer film, pattern film, and method of forming a hydraulic transfer film


Certain embodiments are directed to systems and methods for facilitating the process of joining a conference call within a conference environment. A conference call participant may initiate a conference call within a conference environment (e.g., a conference room), by causing the participant's client device to emit a unique audio tone (which may be human-audible or human-inaudible) that is detected by a call device within the conference room. The unique tone is indicative of unique conference call identification data, which may be utilized by the call device to initiate the conference call, without requiring additional user input by the conference call participant.

Various systems and devices have historically enabled users to schedule and hold calls (e.g., audio-only calls or video and audio calls) across separate electronic devices. However, existing systems and devices have provided limited functionality for users.
Through applied effort, ingenuity, and innovation many deficiencies of such systems have been solved by developing solutions that are in accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, many examples of which are described in detail herein.

Systems and methods for call initiation based on mobile device proximity


A method for fabricating a field emission display (200) includes the steps of affixing a first tab (122) of an alignment member (120) to a protruding portion (118) of an anode plate (113), affixing a second tab (122) of the alignment member (120) to a protruding portion (121) of a cathode plate (112), aligning the anode plate (113) with the cathode plate (112), affixing the anode plate (113) to the cathode plate (112), and, thereafter, removing the alignment member (120) by removing both the protruding portion (118) of the anode plate (113) and the protruding portion (121) of the cathode plate (112). The tabs (122) are connected to a spacer (124). The thermal expansion coefficients of the cathode plate (112), the anode plate (113), and the alignment member (120) are substantially equal to one another.

Flat panel devices are well known in the art. Flat panel devices provide numerous benefits, such as compactness and low weight. In certain types of flat panel devices, such as matrix-addressable field emission displays and electroluminescent displays, elements on one of two device panels need to be precisely aligned with the elements on the other device panel. For example, a flat panel field emission display has electron emitters on a cathode plate that must be precisely aligned with phosphors on an anode plate. Typically, an array of electron emitters is aligned with an array of phosphor deposits.
To achieve proper alignment between the opposing plates of the final product, the opposing plates of the device are first brought into alignment, such as by optical methods. Then, the initial alignment must be maintained during subsequent fabrication steps. For a field emission display, the initial alignment step is typically followed by handling steps and heat treatments, such as are required to form hermetic seals between the opposing plates. During these processing steps, the alignment must be maintained to within predetermined tolerances. As the resolution of a display is increased, the alignment tolerances require smaller relative displacements of the aligned elements. Thus, high-resolution devices require very precise alignment methods.
It is known in the art to use fixtures to maintain alignment. These fixtures are typically clamped to the opposing plates after the initial alignment step. The clamped fixtures maintain the relative positions of the opposing plates during the subsequent handling and heating steps. However, prior art clamping fixtures are known to cause misalignments outside desired tolerance levels.
It is known to use alignment fixtures made of stainless steel. It is also known in the art to use glass substrates for the opposing plates of a field emission display. Alignment of high-resolution field emission displays has been observed to be poor using prior art stainless steel fixtures. The misalignments are due to the differing expansion rates of the stainless steel and the glass substrates during heat treatments.
During the hermetic sealing process, the opposing plates of the device typically are displaced inwardly toward one another. A disadvantage of the above prior art alignment method is that during this vertical relative displacement, the clamping force exerted by the clamping fixture on the plates can change, causing relative lateral displacement between the plates.
Accordingly, there exists a need for an improved method for fabricating flat panel devices, which provides improved alignment between the opposing plates of the flat panel device.

Method for fabricating a flat panel device


A method of connecting a cable with a cable connector comprises the steps of mounting a signal transmitting contact on a housing of a cable connector, said signal transmitting contact being formed to have an intersecting portion, an inclined portion and mutually opposite crooked portions forming a slit, forming an annular groove on an insulator covering a core wire in a cable, engaging the annular groove on the cable with the crooked portions so that the core wire appearing in the annular groove is pressed into the slit, and causing a part of the insulator of the cable positioned to demarcate the annular groove to be pushed by the inclined portion of the signal transmitting contact to move for projecting from a top end of the cable toward the outside so that the core wire appearing in the annular groove is put in press-contact with the slit.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a method of connecting a cable with a cable connector, and more particularly to an improvement in a method of connecting a cable which has a core wire covered with an insulator with a cable connector which has one or more signal transmitting contacts, with each of which the core wire of the cable is electrically connected.
Description of the Prior Art including Information disclosed Under 37 CFR 1.97 and 37 CFR 1.98
There has been proposed to use often a cable connector with which a cable, such as a coaxial cable having a core wire, an inner insulator covering the core wire, a grounding conductor surrounding the inner insulator and the core wire, and an outer insulator covering the grounding conductor, is electrically connected when a plurality of electrical parts, electrical devices or electrical apparatus are mutually connected through the cable for transmitting signals or the like between the electrical parts, electrical devices or electrical apparatus. Such a cable connector is provided with signal transmitting contacts made of conductive material, with each of which the core wire of the cable is connected.
In the cable connectors proposed previously to be electrically connected with the cable, it is usual that the cable is electrically connected with the cable connector by means of a soldering method wherein the core wire of the cable is soldered to the signal transmitting contact provided in the cable connector. However, when the cable is electrically connected with the cable connector by means of the soldering method, especially in a case the core wire of the cable is selected to be extremely thin and thereupon the signal transmitting contact is provided to be extremely small in the cable connector, such problems that a troublesome operation with scrupulous care is required for soldering the core wire of the cable with the signal transmitting contact provided in the cable connector, it is very difficult to control correctly an appropriate quantity of each of a solder and a flux to be used, the cable is damaged by heat generated by the soldering, and so on, are raised.
Accordingly, for avoiding the above-mentioned problems, there has been also proposed previously a method of connecting a cable with a cable connector wherein a signal transmitting contact provided in the cable connector is so deformed into a predetermined shape that the core wire of the cable is electrically connected with the signal transmitting contact without the soldering method, as disclosed in, for example, the Japanese patent application published before examination under publication number 2007-048696 (hereinafter, referred to as published patent document 1) or the Japanese patent application published before examination under publication number 2008-269840 (hereinafter, referred to as published patent document 2).
In the case where such a previously proposed method as mentioned above is put into practice, in a cable connector which has a housing made of insulating material and a plurality of signal transmitting contacts mounted to stand on the housing and with which a plurality of cables are to be connected electrically, each of the signal transmitting contacts is provided with a forked portion formed into a pair of protrusions opposite to each other at a top end thereof. Then, when the cable is electrically connected with the cable connector, first an insulator covering a core wire of the cable is partially stripped from the core wire and the core wire of the cable bared partially is put between the protrusions of the forked portion at the top end of the signal transmitting contact of the cable connector. Next, the forked portion of the signal transmitting contact with the core wire bared partially and put between the protrusions is so deformed by external force exerted thereon as to cause the protrusions to come close to each other. Thereby, in case of ideal, the core wire bared partially is tightly held between the protrusions of the forked portion at the top end of the signal transmitting contact to be electrically connected with the signal transmitting contact. Consequently, it can be expected that the core wire of the cable is stably connected electrically with the signal transmitting contact of the cable connector without the soldering method.
When such previously proposed method of connecting the cable with the cable connector as disclosed in the published patent document 1 or 2, in which the core wire of the cable bared partially is put between the protrusions of the forked portion at the top end of the signal transmitting contact of the cable connector and then the forked portion of the signal transmitting contact is so deformed by external force exerted thereon as to cause the protrusions to come close to each other so that the core wire of the cable bared partially is held by the protrusions to be electrically connected with the signal transmitting contact of the cable connector, is put in practical use, it is feared that the following problems are raised.
In general, the core wire of the cable is formed into a twisted conductive string made by twisting a plurality of conductive fine lines. In the method of connecting the cable with the cable connector disclosed in the published patent document 1 or 2 and put in practical use, the twisted conductive string constituting the core wire of the cable is crushed to become disentangled conductive fine lines when the core wire is tightly held between the protrusions of the forked portion at the top end of the signal transmitting contact of the cable connector. As a result, the electrical connection of the core wire of the cable with the signal transmitting contact of the cable connector is made unstable to be lacking in certainty.
Further, in the case where the method of connecting the cable with the cable connector disclosed in the published patent document 1 or 2 is put in practice, each of the signal transmitting contacts mounted to stand on the housing of the cable connector is formed on an end portion of a metallic plate member to have the forked portion formed into the protrusions opposite to each other at the top end thereof. The thickness of the metallic plate member is subjected to a limit in proportion to the size of the signal transmitting contact and therefore the metallic plate member constituting the signal transmitting contact is unavoidably selected to be relatively thin Consequently, for example, if the external force exerted on the forked portion of the signal transmitting contact for deforming the same to cause the protrusions to become close to each other acts in an inappropriate direction sifted slightly from an appropriate direction, the signal transmitting contact is lacking in strength and comes down on the housing of the cable connector. As a result, the core wire of the cable cannot be correctly held between the protrusions constituting the forked portion of the signal transmitting contact.

Method of connecting a cable with a cable connector


A drive device for the road wheels of a vehicle includes a stationary housing in which a rotatably drivable differential housing having an axle differential gear unit is rotatably mounted by differential bearings, at least one driveshaft being rotatably drivable by the differential housing. At least one driving gear wheel is arranged on the at least one driveshaft so as to be fixed with respect to rotation relative to the latter. The at least one driving gear wheel meshingly engage by oppositely directed helical teeth with at least one driven gear wheel for driving road wheels of the vehicle and generating axial forces directed toward the center of the axle differential gear unit. At least one thrust bearing arrangement is supported axially with respect to the at least one driveshaft at a radial supporting surface.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention is directed to a drive device for the road wheels of a vehicle with a stationary housing in which a rotatably drivable differential housing with an axle differential gear unit is rotatably mounted by differential bearings, typically two driveshafts being rotatably drivable by the differential housing, a driving gear wheel being arranged on the two driveshafts in each instance so as to be fixed with respect to rotation relative to the latter. The driving gear wheels meshingly engage by oppositely directed helical teeth with driven gear wheels for driving road wheels of the vehicle and generate axial forces directed toward the center of the axle differential gear unit, with thrust bearing arrangements for supporting these axial forces, these thrust bearing arrangements being in turn supported at a structural component part of the drive device.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a drive device of the type mentioned above, it is known to support the axial forces of the driving gear wheels directed toward the center of the axle differential at parts of the housing that project radially between the driving wheels and the differential housing until closely adjacent to the driveshafts and have an axial guide and a radial supporting surface for the thrust bearing arrangements.
If the helix angle of the helical toothing is to be large so that higher outputs can be transmitted, there will also be an increase in the axial forces generated by the driving gear wheels and directed to the center of the axle differential and which must be supported via the thrust bearing arrangements at the parts of the housing. This requires a larger bearing arrangement and a more stable design of the parts of the housing and, therefore, a larger installation space. However, enlargement in the axial direction is impossible because the installation space is limited by the rims of the road wheels, by the tire clearance for the latter and by the differential bearings.

Drive device for the road wheels of a vehicle


A method and a processing device may provide navigational information including non-photographic cues, such as, contextual color, texture, and structure cues, corresponding to physical entities visible to a party traveling along a determined route. In one embodiment, the non-photographic cues may be previously stored in a database. In another embodiment, non-photographic cues may be extracted from at least one provided image of a geographic area. In a third embodiment, a sequence of non-photographic cues may be automatically extracted from at least one image of a geographic area and, if the sequence of non-photographic cues was not previously saved, the sequence of non-photographic cues may be saved, along with related information, for later use when the sequence of non-photographic cues corresponds to a desired location. The provided navigational information may be presented in a number of ways including a simplified map, textual instructions, or generated speech.

Existing routing and direction schemes in navigational applications have a number of shortcomings. For example, the existing routing and direction schemes do not provide sufficient content to associate directions with what a party sees while traveling. Vantage points highlighted on maps, typically, are distinct landmarks or signs. However, many residential, suburban, and rural areas have few, if any, distinct landmarks. Urban areas may be cluttered with landmarks and signs, many of which may be difficult for a party to spot while traveling at street level. Further, registration of detailed landmarks or signs for use as vantage points may be computationally intensive for processing devices and may be overwhelming for humans.
Generally, existing navigational applications provide a set of directions as a combination of turns, street names, distances traveled between turns, as well as other information, which may require a party to remember portions of the directions and to precisely measure distances traveled during segments of a route, while avoiding obstacles in an unfamiliar area.

Navigation with contextual color, texture, and structure cues


A process is described in which butene oligomers are prepared from Fischer-Tropsch olefins, in which the butenes present in a C.sub.4 fraction of Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons are oligomerized to obtain dibutene. The dibutene can be fractionated in a fine distillation stage into di-n-butene and di-isobutene. In one embodiment of the process, the ethylene present in the Fischer-Tropsch olefins is dimerized and the dimerization mixture is recycled to the C.sub.4 fraction. In another embodiment, the isobutene present in the C.sub.4 fraction is reacted with an alcohol to give an alkyl tert-butyl ether, and only the remaining n-butene is oligomerized so that di-n-butene is formed as the sole dibutene.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a process for preparing butene oligomers from Fischer-Tropsch olefins.
2. Discussion of the Background
Butene oligomers are valuable starting materials for preparing alcohols. Of the oligomeric butenes, the preferred butene oligomers are the isomeric octenes. Isomeric octenes are butene dimers and are therefore also called dibutene.
Dibutene is an isomeric mixture which is formed by the dimerization or codimerization of butenes, i.e., of n-butene and/or isobutene. The dimerization product of n-butene. i.e., 1-butene or 2-butene, is termed di-n-butene. Significant components of di-n-butene are 3-methyl-2-heptene, 3,4-dimethyl-2-hexene and, to a lesser extent, n-octenes. Di-isobutene is the isomeric mixture which is formed by dimerization of isobutene. Di-n-butene, dibutene, and diisobutene are therefore distinguished by their degree of branching. Di-isobutene contains more highly branched molecules than dibutene, and dibutene is more highly branched than di-n-butene.
Dibutene, di-n-butene, and di-isobutene are starting materials for the preparation of isomeric nonanols by hydroformylation to the C.sub.9 aldehyde, followed by hydrogenation to the alcohol. Esters of these nonanols, in particular the phthalic esters, are plasticizers, which are primarily used in poly(vinyl chloride). Nonanols from di-n-butene are more linear (less branched) than nonanols from dibutene, which in turn are more linear than nonanols from di-isobutene. Nonanol esters derived from di-n-butene have, precisely because of their highly linear structure, greater application advantages than the more highly branched esters derived from dibutene- and diisobutene-based nonanols.
As starting materials for the dimerization reactions, butenes can be produced from the C.sub.4 fraction of steam crackers or FC crackers. The C.sub.4 fraction is generally worked up by first removing or separating 1,3-butadiene by selective scrubbing, e.g., using n-methylpyrrolidone. Then, isobutene is typically removed from the C.sub.4 fraction after the 1,3-butadiene has been removed. Isobutene is a desirable and particularly valuable component of the C.sub.4 fraction because it can be reacted with isobutane to give high-octane isooctane or with an alkanol, such as methanol, to give methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), which, as an additive to motor gasoline, improves its octane rating. As stated, isobutene is in demand as a cracking product, it is not generally available for an oligomerization process.
After the reaction of the isobutene, n-butene, n-butane, and isobutane remain behind in the C.sub.4 fraction. However, the proportion of n-butene in the cracked products of a steam cracker or an FC cracker is relatively low, on the order of barely 10% by weight, based on the chief target product ethylene. Thus, a steam cracker having the respectable capacity of 600,000 metric t/year of ethylene produces only around 60,000 metric t/year of n-butenes. Although the amount of both n-butene and isobutene could be increased by dehydrogenating around 15,000 metric t/year of n-butane and isobutane that arise in addition to n-butene, it is not feasible, because such dehydrogenation plants require high capital costs and are therefore uneconomic for such a small capacity.
The amount of n-butenes which arise directly in a steam cracker or an FC cracker is therefore insufficient to produce a sufficient quantity of dibutene for a nonanol plant, whose capacity is so high that it could compete economically with the existing large-scale plants for producing important plasticizer alcohols, such as 2-ethyl hexanol. In order to cover the dibutene requirement of a large nonanol plant, n-butene would have to be collected from several steam or FC crackers and jointly oligomerized. Alternatively, an unfractionated C.sub.4 fraction could be collected from several steam or FC crackers and worked up to n-butene on site. However, the transport of liquid gases is expensive and complex safety precautions are required.
On an industrial scale, over 400,000 metric t/year of ethylene and 500,000 metric t/year of propylene are prepared by optimized Fischer-Tropsch processes in the Union of South Africa. A major disadvantage in these processes is the unavoidable production of large amounts of higher hydrocarbons and, in particular, of C.sub.4 hydrocarbons for which, apart from as additive to internal combustion fuels, there is virtually no suitable use. However, even in fuel, the C.sub.4 fraction is somewhat unsuitable because of its high content of olefins, which have a tendency to form gums, and because of its high vapor pressure, which contributes to environmental pollution.
In general, there are no known feasible processes for producing butenes and butane oligomers at a single site in amounts sufficient to supply, e.g., a large nonanol plant.

Process for preparing butene oligomers from Fischer-Tropsch olefins


An eye-fundus image output device, including circuitry to: select a site of a presented eye-fundus image, optimize an image of the selected site, output an image in which the selected site has been optimized, and generate a graphical user interface (GUI) corresponding to a received instruction, the GUI selects, as a grayscale adjustment mode, a mode in which a selected portion of an image of a predetermined range in the periphery of a designated position is optimized according to the grayscale adjustment mode.

Different sites of an eye fundus of a human being significantly vary in brightness, and for example, a macular area is dark and an optic disc portion is quite bright in comparison to other portions. For this reason, when the eye fundus is presented on a display with brightness at which the macular area is easily observed, an image of the optic disc portion becomes completely white. Conversely, when the eye fundus is presented with brightness at which the optic disc portion is easily observed, an image of the macular area and the like becomes completely black in most cases. This phenomenon has been an obstacle in diagnosis using eye-fundus images for a long period of time. The complete whiteness and blackness described above are attributable to an insufficient dynamic range of an image sensor when an image is photographed and an insufficient dynamic range of a display that presents an eye-fundus image.
As a method for overcoming the insufficient dynamic range of an image sensor, for example, combining images photographed a plurality of times under different exposure conditions has been proposed (Patent Literature 1). However, even though an image with a sufficient dynamic range for expressing an eye fundus is obtained using the method, if the dynamic range of a display which expresses the image is insufficient, the image to be expressed becomes completely white or completely black after all.
As a method for overcoming an insufficient dynamic range of a display, for example, allocating more levels of a grayscale to a target site to be noted than to other portions when the grayscale of an input image is corrected has been proposed (Patent Literature 2). In addition, when there are a plurality of sites to be noted, for example, generating and storing a plurality of images in which the respective sites are easily viewed in a stage in which the images are to be stored has been proposed (Patent Literature 3).

Eye-fundus image optimization output device and method, and computer readable medium


A key signal-generating device has a thin film circuit board to generate key signals and a plurality of hollow rubber domes set on the thin film circuit board that are compressed by their corresponding keys to activate the thin film circuit board to generate corresponding signals. The rubber domes have a predetermined space that is filled with air. The thin film circuit board has a top surface and a trench on the top surface. One end of the trench extends into the predetermined space so that the predetermined space is in communication with the atmosphere. When a key is pressed, the corresponding rubber dome is squeezedby the key, causing the air in the predetermined space to exit out to the atmosphere through the trench.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a key signal-generating device for a keyboard, and more particularly, to a key signal-generating device with a trench to release air.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art key signal-generating device 10. FIG. 2 is a section view along line 2xe2x80x942 of the prior art key signal-generating device 10 of FIG. 1. The key signal-generating device 10 generates key signals in a keyboard. The key signal-generating device 10 has a thin film circuit board 18 to generate key signals, and a plurality of rubber domes 20 on a top surface 22 of the thin film circuit board 18 to support a key 16. The rubber dome 20 is fixed by a glue layer 30 to the top surface 22 of the thin film circuit board 18.
As shown in FIG. 2, the thin film circuit board 18 has a plurality of pressure sensors 32 that correspond to the rubber domes 20. Each rubber dome 20 has a base 24, a predetermined space 26 filled with air within the rubber dome 20, and an orifice 28 in the base 24 to communicate the pressure in the predetermined space 26 with the atmosphere. When a user presses the key 16, the rubber dome 20 is squeezed by the key 16 to activate the pressure sensor 32, and a signal is generated correspondingly. The air in the predetermined space 26 is released to the outside atmosphere through the orifice 28, as shown by arrow 34.
But the prior art key signal-generating device 10 has some defects. First, the orifice 28 is formed in the base 24, so the thickness of the base cannot be reduced. Second, while the rubber dome 20 is being fixed onto the thin film circuit board 18, the orifice 28 must be carefully aligned with an indenture 31 in the glue layer 30 shown in the FIG. 1, or the orifice 28 will be blocked by the glue of the glue layer 30 and the key signal-generating device 10 will malfunction.
It is therefore a primary objective of the present invention to provide a key signal-generating device with a trench to release air from the hollow rubber dome to solve the above-mentioned problem.
According to the claimed invention, the key signal-generating device has a trench to release air. The device includes a thin film circuit board set on a base to generate key signals. The thin film circuit board has a top side and at least one trench on the top side. The device also includes at least one hollow rubber dome set on the thin film circuit board that extends out from the top side of the thin film circuit board to provide elastic support for a key structure. The rubber dome has a predetermined space that is filled with air. One end of the trench extends into the predetermined space so that the predetermined space is in communication with the atmosphere. When the key structure is pressed, the rubber dome is squeezed down by the key structure, causing air in the predetermined space to be released to the atmosphere through the trench.
It is an advantage according to the present invention that the key signal-generating device with a trench to release air has a thinner base and is easier to assemble.
These and other objects and the advantages of the present invention will no doubt become obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art after having read the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment that is illustrated in the various figures and drawings.

Keyboard thin film circuit board with trenches to release air from hollow rubber domes


A phosphor device of an illumination system emitting a first color light in a first waveband region includes a first region having n sub-regions and n single-powder phosphor agents, wherein n is ≧2. The n single-powder phosphor agents are coated on the n sub-regions, respectively, for transforming the first color light in the first waveband region into n color lights in n waveband regions. The n sub-regions are arranged in a specific area ratio. The first color light in the first waveband region is cyclically transformed into a second color light in a second waveband region, a third color light in a third waveband region, . . . , and a (n+1)th color light in a (n+1)th waveband region in a specific time ratio according to the specific area ratio, such that the n color lights sequentially outputted in the specific time ratio are integrated as a specific color light.

In recent years, lot types of projection device such as projectors are widely used in families, schools and business occasions in order to amplify and display an image signal provided by an image source on a screen. For the purpose of reducing the power consumption and the product size, a solid-state light-emitting element (e.g. a LED or a laser element) is employed in the illumination system of current projector to replace the conventional high intensity discharge (HID) lamp.
In general, the illumination system of the projector should emit three primary color lights, i.e. red light (R), green light (G) and blue light (B). As for the luminous efficiency of the solid-state light-emitting element, the blue solid-state light-emitting element has higher luminous efficiency than the red solid-state light-emitting element or the green solid-state light-emitting element does. Since the blue solid-state light-emitting element has better luminous efficiency, the red light and the green light are produced by using a blue solid-state light-emitting element and a wavelength-transforming device (e.g. a phosphor wheel or a phosphor plate) to excite blue light as red light or green light. That is, without the red solid-state light-emitting element and the green solid-state light-emitting element, the uses of the blue solid-state light-emitting element and the device containing phosphor coating can directly emit the red light or the green light. Consequently, the luminous efficiency of the whole illumination system is enhanced.
For example, one of the illumination systems of the conventional projection device utilizes plural blue solid-state light-emitting elements and plural phosphor wheels having a single region, and the other one of the illumination systems of the conventional projection device utilizes a single solid-state light-emitting element and a single phosphor wheel having plural regions. Please refer to FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B. FIG. 1A schematically illustrates the structure of a conventional phosphor wheel having a single region. FIG. 1B schematically illustrates the structure of a conventional phosphor wheel having plural regions. As shown in FIG. 1A, a conventional phosphor wheel 10 has a single region 101. A type of phosphor agent is coated on the single region 101 (i.e. the whole circle of phosphor wheel 10), wherein this phosphor agent is composed of plural kinds of phosphor powders and called mixture-powders phosphor agent. As shown in FIG. 1B, another conventional phosphor wheel 11 includes plural regions, and the number of the regions is 3 or 4 in general. An example of the conventional phosphor wheel 11 includes a first region 111, a second region 112, a third region 113 and a fourth region 114. A red type of phosphor agent, a green type of phosphor agent, a blue type of phosphor agent and a yellow type of phosphor agent are respectively coated on the first region 111, the second region 112, the third region 113 and the fourth region 114, wherein each type of phosphor agents is composed of plural kinds of phosphor powders and called mixture-powders phosphor agent.
To increase the light color diversity of the phosphor wheel, a phosphor agent is usually composed of two or more phosphor powders for adjusting the characteristics of the output light. For example, a red phosphor powder is usually added for the purpose of outputting warmer color lights, or a high-luminance phosphor powder having a main output wavelength of 555 nanometers is usually added for the purpose of increasing the luminance value of the output light. Nevertheless, different kinds of the phosphor powders may be fabricated by different companies, so it is not easy to know the exact composition of each phosphor powder. Under this circumstance, it is relatively difficult to mix the phosphor powders for obtaining the target phosphor agent. Also, a cascade effect occurs because of the different materials of the different phosphor powders. That is, a high energy level of one kind of phosphor powder is absorbed by the phosphor powder having a low energy level (i.e. long-wavelength phosphor material), so that the total output efficiency is decreased.
A common cascade effect occurs when mixing a yellow phosphor powder and a red phosphor powder. Because the part of output yellow light, which has a wavelength range from 510 nanometers to 580 nanometers, is absorbed by the red phosphor powder, the area of the spectrum of total output light (i.e. the output energy) is lower than the theoretical value of mixing the yellow phosphor powder and the red phosphor powder by 14%. As a result, not only the theoretical value cannot be achieved by the conventional powder-mixing method of prior art, but also the color saturation and hue cannot be matched with the industry standard value, such as the standard value of Rec. 709 (or called ITU-R Recommendation BT. 709) gamut of High Definition Television (HDTV), due to the cascade effect.
There is a need of providing a phosphor device and an illumination system using the same to obviate the drawbacks encountered from the prior art.

Phosphor device and illumination system using same


An imaging apparatus for diagnosis and associated control method constructs multiple cross-sectional images in an axial direction inside the body lumen based on line data generated by radially operating a transmitting and receiving unit, and includes a receiving mechanism which receives a count value from a reference position of the transmitting and receiving unit, storage for storing the count value and the line data correlated with each other, an arrangement for constructing a longitudinal-sectional image by aligning the line data based on the count value, a display which displays the longitudinal-sectional image; and a mechanism which reads out line data correlated with the same count value as that of the line data disposed at the position appointed by the user on the displayed longitudinal-sectional image and reconstructing the cross-sectional image.

In the past, an imaging apparatus for diagnosis has been used for diagnosis of arteriosclerosis, for diagnosis before an operation or medical procedure, at the time of an endovascular treatment by a high functional catheter such as a balloon catheter, a stent and the like or to confirm results after an operation or medical procedure.
An example of a representative imaging apparatus for diagnosis is an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) apparatus for diagnosis. Generally, the intravascular ultrasound apparatus for diagnosis is an apparatus which emanates an ultrasound wave inside a blood vessel while rotating a transmitting and receiving unit in a state of inserting an ultrasound probe unit installed with the transmitting and receiving unit composed of an ultrasound vibrator inside a blood vessel, which carries out a radial scan by receiving a reflection wave from the living body and which visualizes a cross-sectional image of a blood vessel based on the intensity of an ultrasound echo signal generated by applying a process of amplification, detection or the like.
An example of another imaging apparatus for diagnosis is an optical coherent tomography (OCT) apparatus for diagnosis which carries out diagnosis by utilizing coherency of light. An example is disclosed in Japanese unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-79007.
The optical coherent tomography apparatus for diagnosis is an apparatus in which measurement light is emitted inside a blood vessel while rotating a transmitting and receiving unit in a state of inserting an optical probe unit which is built-in with a transmitting and receiving unit mounted with an optical lens and an optical mirror at the distal end and an optical fiber inside the blood vessel, a radial scan is carried out by light-receiving reflected light from a biological tissue, and a cross-sectional image of the blood vessel based on interference light is visualized by making the reflected light obtained depending on this and a reference light split from the measurement light beforehand interfere each other.
Further, recently, as an improved version of the optical coherent tomography apparatus for diagnosis, there has been developed an optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) apparatus for diagnosis utilizing wavelength sweep.
With respect to the optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) apparatus for diagnosis utilizing wavelength sweep, the basic constitution thereof is similar as that of the optical coherent tomography (OCT) apparatus for diagnosis, but there exists a feature in an aspect that a light source having a longer wavelength compared with the optical coherent tomography (OCT) apparatus for diagnosis is used and also, light having different wavelengths is emitted continuously. Then, a mechanism for variably changing the optical path length of the reference light is made unnecessary by employing a construction in which reflected-light intensity at each point in the depth direction of the biological tissue is found out by frequency analysis of the interference light.
It should be noted in this description hereinafter that the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) apparatus for diagnosis, the optical coherent tomography (OCT) apparatus for diagnosis and the optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) apparatus for diagnosis utilizing wavelength sweep are named generically and to be referred to as an "imaging apparatus for diagnosis".
Generally, the multiple cross-sectional images visualized by using such an imaging apparatus for diagnosis are displayed on a display apparatus in real time during the radial operation of the transmitting and receiving unit. Also, the multiple cross-sectional images displayed on the display apparatus (or line data used for visualizing the cross-sectional images) are stored concurrently in a predetermined memory and if required, the system allows them to be redisplayed on the display apparatus as many times as requested.
However, in an imaging apparatus for diagnosis known up until now, the apparatus was constructed so that multiple cross-sectional images (or line data) which are visualized during an interval from the start of the radial operation to the termination thereof are stored at a predetermined position inside the memory re-displayably in sequence regardless of the presence or absence of variation in operation speed of the radial operation of the transmitting and receiving unit (specifically, axial direction motion speed along the blood vessel).
Consequently, in case of redisplaying the multiple cross-sectional images on the display apparatus, there used to be employed a constitution in which the respective cross-sectional images are to be displayed without regard to the position in the actual axial direction. In other words, the redisplayed cross-sectional image did not make it possible for a user to accurately grasp the cross-sectional image as to which position the transmitting and receiving unit actually moved to in the axial direction of the blood vessel after the radial operation was started.
Consequently, for example, even in a case in which visualization of a detailed cross-sectional image is demanded by carrying out a radial operation and thereafter, by presuming a disorder region based on the re-displayed cross-sectional image and by carrying out again a radial operation at the position of the presumed disorder region, it is not possible for the user to comprehend the accurate position of aforesaid disorder region and there was a problem that it was not possible to move transmitting and receiving unit to aforesaid position accurately.

Imaging apparatus for diagnosis and control method thereof


Provided is a monolithic stacked integrated circuit (IC). The IC includes a first layer over a substrate and a second layer over the first layer. The first layer includes a first plurality of circuit elements where a first portion of the first plurality of circuit elements has defects. The second layer includes a second plurality of circuit elements. The IC further includes interconnect elements coupling the first portion to a second portion of the second plurality of circuit elements for mitigating the defects.

Ongoing trends in semiconductor device technology include miniaturization of a feature size of semiconductor devices as well as increasing functional complexity of semiconductor devices. Although a feature size reduction may facilitate an increase in the number of semiconductor building blocks per unit area of a semiconductor device, e.g. a die or an integrated circuit (IC), thus facilitating more complex functionality per device, many demands for the increased functional complexity cannot be met by a single device.
This has led to the development of aggregate devices such as three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs). One example of creating a 3D IC is by building electronic components and their connections in layers on a single semiconductor wafer. As a base layer of the IC is formed on a substrate, a first upper layer is formed over the base layer and is connected to the base layer using vias. Another upper layer may be formed over the first upper layer, and so on. In this way, the IC is sequentially grown layer by layer. An IC thus built is generally known as a monolithic stacked IC (or a stacked IC).
Though promising in providing density and performance benefits in advanced process nodes, such as 28 nm and below, the fabrication of monolithic stacked ICs has its own challenges. One of the challenges is directed to manufacture yields of monolithic stacked ICs, which are compounded by multiplying yields of each layer of the stacked ICs. As each layer may contain manufacturing defects, such as opens, shorts, and out-of-spec components, a stacked IC suffers a low yield issue. Other challenges include heat dissipation and electromagnetic interference (EMI) as more and more layers containing analog circuits and digital circuits are stacked into one IC.

Repairing monolithic stacked integrated circuits with a redundant layer and lithography process

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.


A fiber-reinforced composite material and articles of manufacture formed thereof are formed by the method comprising: forming a compound material comprising a mixture of curable matrix-forming binder, heat resistant reinforcing fibers, and at least one particulate material, wherein the curable matrix-forming binder is 5 to 50% by volume of the compound material; curing the curable binder under simultaneous application of externally applied pressure and ultrasonic energy. Articles according to the invention are useful in a multitude of applications, particularly in applications where the article must retain its shape and properties when subjected to temperatures above the melting point of usual thermoplastic materials, e.g. above 1000.degree. C. The method provides dense, thermally stable, coherent composite materials having a desired high density. Forming and curing times are typically 10 times shorter than conventional methods, e.g. for brake pads in about 3-5 seconds.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method of fabricating an article made of a composite material by providing a compound material, producing a green body by forming and compacting the compound material into a desired compact form, producing the article by curing a curable matrix-forming binder in said green body, and, optionally, post-curing the matrix; and further relates to apparatus for use in carrying out the method, and articles of manufacture fabricated by the method.
Articles of manufacture of composite materials according to the present invention are useful in a multitude of applications particularly where in use the article must retain its shape and properties when subjected to temperatures above the melting point of usual thermoplastic materials, e.g. above 1000.degree. C. Typical examples of articles include friction pads, commutators, rubber parts, heat shields, electrical insulations, connectors, machinery parts, and magnets and bearings.
2. Prior Art Disclosure
GB Patent Application No. 2 012 204 discloses a composite friction assembly comprising at least one friction member and a support member, said friction member being formed from a mixture of a thermosettable phenol-aldehyde resin and filler material by heating a mould to a temperature of the resin, usually between about 160.degree. C. and about 180.degree. C., and exerting on the mixture a pressure, normally between about 2068 bars (approximately 30,000 psi) and about 3447 bars (approximately 50,000 psi) in a time between about 2 second and 10 second.
EP Patent Application No. 0 352 363 discloses an acrylic containing friction element manufactured by compressing a mixture comprising a thermosetting organic binder, a fibrous reinforcing material, and an effective amount of fibrillated acrylic polymer fibers to form a preform; pressing the preform at elevated temperatures; treating the pressed material at a temperature sufficient to effect curing and then forming a friction element such as disc brakes, friction pads, clutch linings from the cured material. The pressure to form the preform is in the range from 140 to 350 bars (approximately 2000 to 5000 psi), and the curing of the preform is accomplished by heating to a temperature in the range from 350.degree. to 600.degree. F. (175.degree.-315.degree. C.) for about 15 min., whereafter the preform is post-baked for several hours.
A disadvantage of these processes is that the compaction of the compound material has to be carried out at pressures as high as 200-500 bars, or more, for a satisfactory flow and compaction of the moulding material to occur which requires costly tooling and press equipment.
Further, for economically short forming and curing times, the cure of the curable matrix binder has to proceed at an elevated curing temperature typically in the range from about 135.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C., or more, to ensure that the curing temperature has been reached in all parts of the 30 article. Otherwise, if lower curing temperatures are applied, long forming and curing times are required which limits the production rate.
The curing time depend on the nature of the curable matrix binder and the dimensions of the article. For large articles, such as friction elements for brake pads, the curing time can be from about 15 min. to about 75 min., or more before sufficient mechanical stability Is obtained, and the article can be removed from the mould and transferred to an oven for post-cure.
Another disadvantage of these processes is that the heating is provided by conductive transfer of heat from the mould into the compound material the homogeneity of which heat transfer is difficult to control and results in a non-uniform polymerisation of the curable matrix-forming binder.
This deficiency of conductive heat transfer into moulds has been recognized, and methods of providing a homogeneous and accelerated transfer of energy-into the compound material have been disclosed.
EP Patent Application No. 0 347 299 discloses the use of capacitative microwave heating at pressures from 50 to 200 bars in moulding glass-filled unsaturated polyester resin bonded composites; and German Laid Open Patent Application No. 29 06 842 discloses the use of capacitative high frequency microwave heating with a frequency of 2450 MHZ for moulding of thermosetting materials. Both these methods are not suitable for composite materials containing significant amounts of metals. Further, they involve electrical shielding which is impractical to handle, and the apparatus is complicated.
EP Patent Application No. 0 093 655 discloses a method of fabricating an organo-metallic composite material comprising a mixture of a thermosetting resin, a metallic powder, and additives intended to confer certain properties to the final product by simultaneously application of induction heating and pressure, said pressure ensuring a good electrical conductivity of the composite material.
This method requires a high content of electric conducting material having an appreciable hysteresis loss.
GB Patent Applications Nos. 2 106 823 and 2 135 412 disclose a method of resistive heating and sintering of metallic friction materials including a method of producing a friction assembly of friction material to a support member using resistive heating. This method requires a sufficiently high proportion of electrically conducting material.
Besides the disadvantages mentioned these processes have a high probability of providing articles having void formations and non-uniform distribution of material components, particularly when the compound material comprises particulate materials of different sizes and densities and/or comprises one-or more constituents in very low concentrations.
Alternative methods of heating by application of ultra sonic energy have been disclosed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,487,728 discloses a method of producing mouldings of specific thermoplastic materials in a multi cavity mould using ultrasonic vibration. Sintered blanks are obtained which are capable of further thermo-forming to the required shape.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,548,771 discloses a method of vulcanizing conventional rubber materials comprising 75% by volume of base elastomer, thus exclusively elastomeric In nature, and less than 25% by volume of filler material by initially applying ultrasonic energy at a maximum intensity of 31 W/cm.sup.2 and asymptotically reducing the intensity to 40-45% of its initial value in the course of 3-5 min. there by avoiding degradation of the elastomer due to exposure to excessive heat. Nothing is disclosed or suggested about curing composite materials containing a curable matrix forming binder in less than 5 to 50% by volume.
Methods of producing friction products by a two-step procedure comprising preheating of frictional material by applying ultrasonic vibrations onto the material; and then applying pressure to the preheated material have been disclosed.
WPI Acc. No. 83-26393K/11 publishes an abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 58 020 413 (Australian Patent Application No. 86289-82) disclosing a method of moulding a friction material comprising providing a back metal on a support bed; filling particles of a friction material in the moulding cavity formed between a die and the support bed; melting the particles by heating using ultrasonic vibration; then transferring the die and support bed, the particles and the back metal to a pressing process wherein the particles-are moulded so that the moulded friction material is welded to the back metal.
An ultrasonic wave forming method comprising simultaneous application of ultrasonic wave oscillation and forming under pressure to the friction material is mentioned. However, this application teaches away from a method of frabricating an article of manufacture by a one-step process applying ultrasonic heating and pressure simultaneously, because increasing pressure allegedly results in a retardation of the speed of the ultrasonic wave oscillations.
WPI Acc. No. 84-265815/43 publishes an abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 59 023 804 disclosing a method of producing a friction product for brakes comprising preheating a frictional powder containing inorganic, organic and/or metallic fibres, friction adjuster, filter, and organic coupler, and hot press-forming the powder.
WPI Acc. No. 85-046916/08 publishes an abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 60 004 536 disclosing a method of moulding a frictional member comprising placing a back metal treated with an adhesive on the bottom of a mould; charging a powdered frictional material onto the back metal; preheating the frictional material by applying ultrasonic vibrations onto the powdered frictional material; and applying a high pressure to the frictional material either by means of the vibration horn of the ultrasonic vibrator, or a hot press, thereby obtaining that moisture and gasses are removed from the frictional material during preheating; venting is not required in the subsequent stage of moulding under application of high pressure to the frictional material; and moulding can be done in a short time period.
Patent Abstract of Japan Vol. 11, No. 1 (M-550) publishes an abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 61 181 630 disclosing the use of ultrasonic energy in friction heating of sinterable powders. Materials are vibrated until their melting point is reached at which stage they sinter together at the points of contact. The method is aimed specifically at the manufacture of porous materials which do not contain a polymeric binder.

Method and apparatus for manufacturing an article of a composite material


A system for improving a drilling speed by using drill string vibration comprises a downhole drill string vibration-reduction and supercharging device, and an ultra-high pressure bit device used for a downhole supercharger. Also disclosed is a method for improving a drilling speed by using drill string vibration. Related embodiments are also disclosed.

As is well known, the main advantage of the method for increasing the injection pressure of the drilling fluid at the shaft bottom by installing specialized tools is that it can improves the drilling speed by ultra-high pressure jet which assists rock cracking directly or auxiliarily without changing the present drilling procedure or device requirements. The drilling engineers and technical inventors have been attempting to solve problems of how to improve the injection pressure of drilling fluid at the shaft bottom and how to realize the effective injection of the ultra-high pressure drilling fluid. In the existing methods of improving the injection pressure of the drilling fluid at the shaft bottom, the working power generally comes from the energy carried by the drilling fluid itself. The process of realization is to transfer the energy of most part of the drilling fluid into a small part of the drilling fluid by the specialized tools. The problems encountered during the realization and application process are as follows: i). the specialized tools designed according to such method have complicated structure and hence the working life and safety during the underground operation cannot be ensured; ii). as the well depth increases, the circulating pressure loss increases and the hydraulic pressure energy decreases, thus the effect of improving the drilling fluid injection pressure at the shaft bottom will be influenced; iii). a coupling phenomenon may be occurred due to the impact caused by the process of improving the injection pressure of drilling fluid at the shaft bottom and the inherent vibration of the drilling string, which influences the working life of the drilling bit and drilling tool; iv) during normal work, the specialized tools designed according to the method will generate a certain pressure drop, which will add the working load of the rotary system and may influence the normal function by the drilling fluid; v) since the drilling fluids all get involved in the energy transfer process, once the tool is disabled in the downhole, the circulation of the drilling fluid may be blocked and the construction cannot be carried out, even serious consequence will occur. The drilling bit used for realizing the injection of ultra-pressure drilling fluid at the shaft bottom is manufactured specifically. The problems encountered in use of such drilling bit are as follows: i). forming specialized runners for the ultra-high pressure drilling fluid into the drilling bit matrix will undoubtedly increase the cost of drilling task and thereby influence the spread application in different regions and stratums; ii). during the installation, it is possible that the runners can not be connected simultaneously; since the flow pipe of ultra-high pressure fluid does not have pressure-bearing and pull-bearing device, the fluid communication between ultra-high pressure runners may fails due to the excessive axial force or misalignment of the axis during the assemble and disassemble process with the tools for improving the injection pressure at the shaft bottom; iii). the connection process may make damage to the connection of ultra-high runner and of drilling bit body. During the connection process with the tools for improving the injection pressure of drilling fluid, the torque on the ultra-high pressure runner will act on the portion that connects the drilling bit body, which is likely to damage that portion. Therefore, despite of efforts and studies made by the researchers, the above method of improving the injection pressure of drilling fluid at the shaft bottom, and the method and apparatus of realizing effective injection of ultra-high pressure drilling fluid have not been spread in the field of improving the drilling speed yet.

Method and system for improving drilling speed by using drill speed vibration

CHINA UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM (EAST CHINA)


A power pole actuator having a frame, the frame having at least one top plate and at least one opening. The power pole actuator further has a button coupled to the at least one opening, the button electrically coupled to a power pole controller such that when the button is depressed, a power pole moves upward or downward.

Fishing is a sport that serves as a leisure activity across the world, and for some individuals fishing is their favorite pastime that provides hours of enjoyment. Some fisherman considers the fishing pastime as a hobby of sorts.
Some fishermen fish from the shores of a body of water. However, many fishermen fish from powerboats. There are many types of powerboats from which fisherman fish. One boat is a bass boat that is designed specifically for bass fishing on inland lakes and rivers.
Some bass boats have power poles one on each side of a motor that is coupled to the stern (the back of the boat). The power poles provide a shallow-water anchor system. In this regard, the power poles use electrical and hydraulic power system to lock a bottom in place in shallow water, e.g., under ten (10) feet deep. Thus, if a fisherman comes across an area at which the fisherman desires to stay and fish for an extended time, the fisherman drops the power poles, and the power poles lock the boat in place. The power poles keep the boat from drifting due to wind or otherwise.
The bass boats further comprise generally hull having a stern (the back of the boat) and a bow (the front of the boat). The bass boats comprise a trolling motor on a deck of the boat toward the bow. Thus, while the fisherman is fishing, he can create movement in the bass boat by applying pressure to the trolling motor.
The bass boats often have power pole actuators that control the up and down movement of the power poles. It is typically located on the deck next to the trolling motor. Often, while the fisherman is trolling by applying pressure to the trolling motor, the fisherman may want to activate the power poles so that they move downward, into the water, and couple to the bed of the body of water.
Frequently, a fisherman may be trolling the water using the trolling motor. The fisherman often looks for a portion of water in which he desires to fish. While applying pressure with his/her foot to the trolling motor, the fisherman may mistakenly apply pressure to the power pole actuators even thought the fisherman does not desire to stay in the particular area.


A microphone system has two diaphragms and are mechanically interconnected such that they respond in antiphase to an acoustic signal impinging on one of the diaphragms. The two diaphragms produce two variable capacitances that vary proportionately but inversely to one another. Voltage signals produced by the two variable capacitances are summed to provide an output signal proportional to the acoustic signal, but with greater sensitivity than a single-diaphragm microphone.

Micro-electromechanical ("MEMS") components and processes are used for a wide variety of different devices. For example, among other things, they are commonly used for producing accelerometers to detect acceleration, pressure sensors to detect pressure, power scavengers to accumulate power, and as microphones to capture acoustic signals.
MEMS capacitive microphones in particular have found a wide variety of different uses, such as in consumer electronics (e.g., cameras), smart phones and personal computers. This wide use is due in part to their higher stability and smaller size than traditional condenser microphones. As the technology improves, there is an increasing demand to enhance acoustic quality—in particular, higher sensitivity. In general, the dynamic range of a microphone is limited at the upper end by total harmonic distortion and at the lower end by its noise floor.

Microphone system with mechanically-coupled diaphragms


A method is disclosed for fabricating an anti-fatigue mat that employs a layer of resilient gel material that exhibits a first durometer. The method employs a frame assembly that receives a flexible support sheet. The frame assembly includes an aperture that receives a layer of heated liquid gel which cools to form the layer of resilient gel material exhibiting the first durometer. In one embodiment, a barrier layer exhibiting a second durometer is situated on the gel layer that exhibits the first durometer. In one embodiment, the barrier layer prevents the flow of oils from the gel layer to a flexible base sheet disposed on the barrier layer. In another embodiment, the flexible base sheet may exhibit a second durometer. In either embodiment, the layers exhibiting the first and second durometer cooperate to influence the feel of the mat to the user.

Floor mats have been used for years to provide a cushion for the person standing on the mat. However, fatigue can still result when a person stands on a mat for an extended period of time. Persons who work standing up most of the day, such as cashiers, assembly line operators, people in home or commercial kitchens and many others still experience fatigue after standing on a conventional mat for long periods of time. Often floor mats are provided with non-slip surfaces to lessen slippage and to thus promote safety.
Mats of resilient foam are known to reduce user fatigue. Unfortunately however, foam mats have the disadvantage of becoming brittle over time. Conventional foam mats lose their properties as air cells in the mat compress. Moreover, conventional foam mats collect moisture over time. This condition can promote the growth of bacteria and fungus. These undesirable characteristics result in foam mats becoming unsuitable for use as they become older.
A mat containing gel sandwiched between various cover layers may address these problems. For example, my U.S. Pat. No. 6,851,141 discloses a resilient mat, one embodiment of which includes a resilient gel inner layer surrounded by a support ring to which an upper cover member and a lower cover member are attached. However, manufacturing such gel-based mats can be difficult. For example, difficulties can be encountered in adhering the upper cover member to the lower cover member. Moreover, undesired wrinkling of the cover members may also be experienced during the manufacture of a gel-based mat. Undesired wrinkling or creasing may also occur when a gel-based mat is stored for shipping in a rolled-up position for an extended period of time and then later unrolled by the user prior to use.
What is needed is a method of manufacturing a gel-based mat that addresses one or more of the above described problems.

Method for fabricating an anti-fatigue mat employing multiple durometer layers


A diagnosis device for a temperature sensor provided to a power transmission device transmits driving force generated by a driving power source of a vehicle. The diagnosis device includes: an output voltage estimating unit to calculate an output voltage estimation value of the temperature sensor, based on the operating state of the vehicle; and an output voltage stuck malfunction determining unit to determine an output voltage stuck malfunction of the temperature sensor, in a case where the amount of change of the output voltage estimation value is equal to or above a first threshold value, and the amount of change of output voltage of the temperature sensor is equal to or below a second threshold value.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a diagnosis device for a temperature sensor provided to an automobile transmission or the like, for example, and more particularly relates to suitably detecting an output voltage stuck (seized) malfunction of a temperature sensor.
2. Related Art
Automatic transmissions in automobiles, for example, have a temperature sensor to detect the temperature of automatic transmission fluid (ATF). ATF serves both as a hydraulic operating fluid and a lubricant. In a case where such a sensor malfunctions, control of the automatic transmission may encounter problems. Accordingly, various types of malfunction diagnosis techniques have been conventionally proposed.
For example, according to a technique described Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication (JP-A) No. 2004-11869 the detection value of the external air surrounding the automobile and the detection value of an fluid temperature sensor are compared. If the detection value of the fluid temperature is lower than the external air, the fluid temperature sensor is determined to be malfunctioning. Also, JP-A No. 2008-107089 describes a technique to diagnose a state in which temperature drifting of a thermocouple temperature sensor is occurring. Usage time at a temperature at which temperature drifting is apt to occur is weighted in accordance with the temperature, and the state of occurrence of temperature drifting is diagnosed based on an amount of drift estimated from an added value of weighted usage time.
An output voltage stuck malfunction may occur in an temperature sensor such as described above, where the output voltage sticks (seizes) at a certain output voltage. One technique for this is that an operating state where temperature change occurs is distinguished using accumulated running time, and malfunction is determined in a case where the output voltage of the temperature sensor is substantially unchanged over a predetermined amount of time. However, this technique may lead to erroneous diagnosis in cases such as where the amount of heat generated and the amount of cooling due to wind from driving are balanced, and the actual temperature of the object of measurement (e.g., ATF) is substantially constant.


Polypeptides comprising at least one carboxy-terminal peptide (CTP) of chorionic gonadotropin attached to the carboxy terminus but not to the amino terminus of a coagulation factor and polynucleotides encoding the same are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions and pharmaceutical formulations comprising the polypeptides and polynucleotides of the disclosure and methods of using and producing same are also disclosed.

The development of coagulation factor replacement therapy has transformed the lives of many individuals with hemophilia. Hemophilia is a group of hereditary genetic disorders that impair the body's ability to control blood clotting or coagulation. Patients with hemophilia do not produce adequate amounts of Factor VIII or Factor IX proteins, which are necessary for effective blood clotting. In severe hemophiliacs even a minor injury can result in blood loss that continues for days or weeks, and complete healing may not occur, leading to the potential for debilitating permanent damage to joints and other organs, and premature death.
Hemophilia is an inherited, X-chromosome-linked hemorrhagic disorder caused by defects in, or the absence of, critical factors in the coagulation cascade. In hemophilia patients, thrombin generation and fibrin clot formation are severely compromised, leading to spontaneous bleeding episodes most commonly in joints and internal organs, and excessive bleeding during and following surgery or trauma. Frequent bleeding can also cause joint swelling, joint damage, severe deformity, frequent infections, and reduced mobility in hemophilia patients (Mayo Clinic). Hemophilia A is caused by defects in or lack of Factor VIII expression, while hemophilia B is caused by defects in or lack of Factor IX expression.
Hemophilia B results in a deficiency of the procoagulant activity of FIX. Hemophilia B patients have spontaneous soft tissue hemorrhages and recurrent hemarthroses that often lead to a crippling arthopathy. Current treatment for these patients includes an intravenous administration of recombinant FIX. However issues of cost and relatively rapid clearance of FIX from the circulation make developing a long-acting FIX a challenging task. Commercial availability of FVIII and FIX has led to improved control of life-threatening bleedings episodes. Many patients receive prophylactic therapy, which reduces the risk of bleeding and its associated complications. However, a significant proportion of patients (10-30%) develop inhibitory antibodies to exogenously administered FVIII and FIX. Administration of FVIIa, which is a bypassing product, can induce homeostasis and provide an effective treatment for patients with inhibitory Abs.
Recombinant FVIIa (NovoSeven®) is commercially available and was approved in 1996 for treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophilia patients with inhibitors. However, rFVIIa is rapidly cleared with a terminal half-life of 2.5 hours. As a result, patients generally require multiple, frequent infusions (2-3 doses given in 2-3 hour intervals) to achieve adequate homeostasis following a mild to moderate bleed. Consequently, there is much interest in developing a long-acting form of FVIIa that would prolong the duration of haemostatic activity following a single dose and allow much less frequent dosing. A long-acting FVIIa would also increase the feasibility of long-term prophylactic therapy.
Various technologies are being developed for prolonging the half-life of FVIIa. However, there remains a need to achieve a prolonged half-life of this protein while preserving its biological activity and ensuring that the modifications do not induce significant immunogenicity. The present invention addresses this need by attaching gonadotropin carboxy terminal peptides (CTPs) to FVIIa, thereby modifying it to prolong its half-life and biological activity.

Long-acting coagulation factors and methods of producing same