The invention relates to a printer which can print both text and bar code data on an elongated web-like tape. The printer is provided with a display having a first display mode in which both text data and bar code data are displayed. A bar code display unit is provided to advise the user when the cursor is assigned to bar code data in the first display mode. A second display mode can also be provided. In the second display mode, only the bar code data is displayed and only it can be entered and edited. When characters comprising either text data or bar code data are entered, they are placed sequentially in an input buffer, which comprises a first area of a storage device. The start and end positions of the bar code data within the input buffer are stored in a second area of the storage device. During printing operations, the position of each character in the input buffer is compared to the start and end positions to determine whether that particular character is to be printed as text or as a bar code.

Tape printing devices of the type to which this invention pertains are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,927,278 & 4,966,476, assigned to Brother KK, and also in U.S. Pat. No. 4,815,871 assigned to Varitronic. The printers each include a printing device with a cassette receiving bay for receiving a cassette or tape holding case. In the '871 patent, the tape holding case houses an ink ribbon, a transparent image receiving tape and a double-sided adhesive tape which is secured at one of its adhesive coated sides to the image tape after printing, with a backing paper which can be peeled from its other adhesive side. With both of these devices, the image transfer medium (ink ribbon) and an image receiving tape (substrate) are in the same cassette.
Another type of tape printing device is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,458,423, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. With this printing device, the substrate tape is similar to that described in the '871 patent, but is housed in its own tape holding case and the ink ribbon is also housed in its own tape holding case.
In all these cases, the image receiving tape overlaps with the ink ribbon and passes through a print zone consisting of a fixed print head and a platen against which the print head can be pressed to transfer an image from the ink ribbon to the image receiving tape. There are many ways to do this, including dry lettering or dry film impression. At present, however, the most common method is thermal printing. In thermal printing, the print head is heated and the heat causes ink from the ink ribbon to be transferred to the ink receiving tape. Alternatively, the print head can come into direct contact with a thermally sensitive image receiving tape. Heating the print head then produces an image on the image receiving tape.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,395,173 discloses a tape printer which is capable of printing text as well as bar codes. As is known to those skilled in the art, bar codes, which typically comprise a number of lines of varying thickness, are commonly used in article identification systems. A device according to the '173 patent allows a user to type in the text data which is to be printed as ordinary text, as well as the bar code data, which is to printed out as a bar code.
The device has two modes, a normal mode and a special mode. In the normal mode, the text data is displayed as such while the bar code data is represented by specially assigned characters. Only text data can be entered in normal mode. If the user wishes to insert bar codes along with text, the user presses a bar code key. The tape printer then switches to a special mode, in which only bar code data can be entered and displayed. After the bar code data has been entered, the user presses the execution key and the printer switches back to the original, normal input and display mode. The bar code data is then stored in the printer memory, e.g., an input buffer along with the text data. The bar code data is distinguished from the text data by means of a start code and an end code, which are stored just before and after the bar code data.
One disadvantage of the prior art is that it is not possible to see both ordinary characters and bar code data simultaneously on the display. For this reason it is not possible to control both ordinary characters and bar code data at the same time. Therefore the user must switch into the special mode if he wants to control or edit the number to be printed as a bar code.
Another disadvantage is that the bar code start and end codes require valuable space in the input buffer of the printer's memory. This reduces the total number of characters which can be stored in a fixed-length input buffer.
A further disadvantage is that bar code data conversion during printing is more complicated due to the bar code start and end codes. This is because each time a character is read out of the memory, the conversion device must first determine whether the character is a bar code start code, a bar code end code, or something else. This step unnecessarily lengthens the conversion time.


A bread slicing apparatus includes a plurality of drums disposed spaced apart from each other and adapted to be wound with an endless blade for slicing a loaf of bread, a plurality of rotation shafts on which the plurality of drums are coaxially mounted, respectively, a shaft support member including one end portion pivotably mounted and another end portion removably mounted, and the shaft support member being arranged to support at least one end portion of the plurality of rotation shafts, and a drum placement mechanism provided with a guide member by which opposed ends of the at least one of the plurality of rotation shafts are supported.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a bread slicing apparatus for slicing the bread. In particular, the present invention relates to a bread slicing apparatus that can facilitate attachment and detachment of endless blades.
2. Description of the Related Art
Loaf bread slicing apparatuses for slicing the loaf bread have been conventionally used. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,795,254 discloses a loaf bread slicer in which both ends in the axial direction of a rotation shaft to which a drum is mounted are supported by a double end-supported beam frame. The conventional loaf bread slicer comprises a pair of drums, a frame supporting the rotation shafts of both drums so that both drums can rotate in parallel to each other, and a plurality of endless blades that are wound diagonally across both drums disposed in parallel.
This frame is of a double end-supported beam type that comprises a pair of side frames extending with being slightly inclined with respect to the vertical direction and a beam frame horizontally extending and connected to the pair of side frames so that the side frames are arranged in parallel. Between the side frames, there is a pivot shaft extending in parallel to the beam frame. Both ends of the shaft of the drum are pivotably supported with respect to the pivot shaft via arm members, respectively. By swinging the arm members about the pivot shaft, the distance between the drums is changed, so that the tension applied to the endless blades is changed.
In the loaf bread slicer as arranged above, a plurality of endless blades are wound around both drums with being spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval, and the loaf bread passing through the endless blades is sliced in the predetermined thickness.
Since the conventional loaf bread slicer has the side frames, the arm members supported by the rotation shaft, and the pivot shafts for swinging the arm members, it takes a lot of trouble in detaching and attaching the endless blades. For example, in order to replace the endless blade on the drums, it is required to remove the rotation shafts from the arm members, and take out and in the endless blade via a relatively narrow space between the arm members and the end face located in the axial direction of the drums.
As described above, in the bread slicing apparatus having the conventional frame-shaped beam frame, since the access to the rotation shaft of the drum and its peripheral portions is limited, it tends to take a lot of trouble for the maintenance and the replacement of the endless blades.


An editor or software engineering tool may be configured to render whitespace between adjacent tokens, wherein the amount of whitespace between any two adjacent tokens is determined according to language-specific style rules and scaled in accordance with display considerations. In some realizations, the operative scaling is selected or defined by a user according to the user's visual preferences. In some realizations, the operative scaling relates to requirements or constraints of an automated layout mechanism. For example, a particular scaling may be calculated to adjust line length in conformance with a desired margin alignment or to optimize layout when long lines are automatically wrapped (or folded) in some automatic way.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to interactive software engineering tools including editors for source code such as a programming or mark-up language, and more particularly to a language-based editing architecture with support for whitespace adjustment under user or program control.
2. Description of the Related Art
In an editor for computer programs, it may be desirable to adjust the horizontal length of displayed lines of source code. For example, a user may require, or simply prefer, a more spacious layout in order to read comfortably. Alternatively, a user may wish to see more information in a fixed amount of space. In some implementations, it may be desirable to adjust line length in conformance with a desired margin alignment (as in word processor paragraphs) or to optimize layout when long lines are wrapped (or folded) in some automatic way.
Whatever the motivation, it has generally been found that, to avoid degrading display legibility and distracting the user, adjustments to display length of lines are often best performed by adjusting the whitespace in the rendered text, rather than changing the rendering of the text elements themselves. For example, word processors commonly use whitespace adjustment in the presentation of fully justified text.
In contrast with the information manipulated and rendered by text-oriented editors such as a word processor, computer programs tend to exhibit a structural content that advanced software engineering tools may consider in their functionality or behavior. For example, computer program editors often attempt to highlight certain constructs such as keywords, conditions, grouping constructs (such as parenthesis or braces), etc. Other examples of language-oriented behavior include "prettyprinting." Over the years, several approaches have been employed to provide language-oriented features in software engineering tools. Some tools, such as the GNU Emacs editor familiar to many programmers, take a text-oriented approach based on regular expression matching to provide language-specialized services. Others, particularly in research systems, have employed structure-based approaches. See e.g., Tim Teitelbaum and Thomas Reps, The Cornell Program Synthesizer: A Syntax-Directed Programming Environment, Communications of the ACM, 24, 9, pp. 563–573 (1981). Most practical systems attempt to combine aspects of the two approaches.
Indeed, applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 5,748,975, entitled "SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TEXTUAL EDITING OF STRUCTURALLY-REPRESENTED COMPUTER PROGRAMS WITH ON-THE-FLY TYPOGRAPHICAL DISPLAY," discloses an especially user-friendly editor for structurally represented computer programs. That editor combined aspects of text and structure editors by transforming the event stream typed by a user into a token stream, where tokens of the token stream constituted elements of the program being entered. Each token was classified by the editor as corresponding to a group of extended lexemes defined by the language in which the program under edit was written. The editor prettyprinted a program as the user typed, using information in the token stream, and further allowed the user to edit the program from the prettyprinted display as though the program were internally represented as text.
Applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 5,752,058, entitled "SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INTER-TOKEN WHITESPACE REPRESENTATION AND TEXTUAL EDITING BEHAVIOR IN A PROGRAM EDITOR," improves upon the aforementioned techniques for displaying code. Based on information in the token stream, the disclosed editor prettyprinted the program as the user types. In some realizations disclosed, the prettyprinting step involved typesetting each of the tokens in a visually distinct manner and displaying a selected amount of visual whitespace between the tokens based on the lexical types of the tokens.
However notwithstanding the advantages provided by an editor according to either or both of the '975 and '058 patents, a user staring at a display while entering and editing text can still become visually fatigued. Thus, while conventional prettyprinting can make entering and editing computer program code somewhat less fatiguing, there is still a need for techniques to further enhance or vary a language-based display.

Language-sensitive whitespace adjustment in a software engineering tool


An antenna device includes an antenna unit, a power supply terminal and a time constant circuit. The antenna unit includes an antenna element and a variable capacitance element that is variable in capacitance in accordance with a voltage applied to the variable capacitance element, and resonates in such a manner that the antenna element and the variable capacitance element cooperate with each other. The power supply terminal supplies the voltage applied to the variable capacitance element. The time constant circuit gradually increases the voltage applied to the variable capacitance element when a voltage applied to the power supply terminal is changed from an off state to an on state.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an antenna device and, more particularly, to an antenna device having a circuit that switches the characteristic of an antenna.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a related art, there is an antenna device that adjusts the resonant frequency by changing a voltage applied to a varicap diode to thereby switch the frequency of radio waves that are transmitted or received. In an antenna device that includes an antenna element and a resonant circuit formed of a varicap diode and an inductor, where the capacitance of the varicap diode is "C", and the inductance of the inductor is "L", the resonant frequency fRES is expressed as follows.fRES=1/{2π(L·C)1/2}Here, the capacitance C of the varicap diode varies with a voltage applied to the varicap diode. As the voltage increases, the capacitance C decreases. Thus, the resonant frequency of the antenna device may be changed by utilizing the characteristic such that, by increasing the voltage, the capacitance C decreases and, therefore, the resonant frequency fRES increases.
Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-76750 (JP-A-2002-76750), for example, describes an antenna device of which the resonant frequency is variable using the varicap diode. In JP-A-2002-76750, as shown in FIG. 9, the antenna device includes an antenna conductor 35 and an LC parallel resonant circuit 34, which are connected in series with each other. The LC parallel resonant circuit 34 has an inductor 32 and a varicap diode 31. When a voltage is applied to a voltage input terminal 33, the voltage is applied to the varicap diode 31, and then the capacitance of the varicap diode 31 varies. Thus, the resonant frequency is variable.
However, in the resonant antenna of which the resonant frequency is variable using the varicap diode according to the related art, it is necessary to apply the varicap diode with an appropriate voltage corresponding to a resonant frequency. That is, in accordance with the frequency of radio waves that are intended to be transmitted or received, a voltage applied to the varicap diode needs to be controlled to an appropriate value. Thus, an additional device for controlling a voltage applied to the varicap diode is necessary. This increases the size of the antenna device and, as a result, increases manufacturing costs.


A network interface is disclosed for enabling remote programmed I/O to be carried out in a “lossy” network (one in which packets may be dropped). The network interface: (1) receives a plurality of memory transaction messages (MTM's); (2) determines that they are destined for a particular remote node; (3) determines a transaction type for each MTM; (4) composes, for each MTM, a network packet to encapsulate at least a portion of that MTM; (5) assigns a priority to each network packet based upon the transaction type of the MTM that it is encapsulating; (6) sends the network packets into a lossy network destined for the remote node; and (7) ensures that at least a subset of the network packets are received by the remote node in a proper sequence. By doing this, the network interface makes it possible to carry out remote programmed I/O, even across a lossy network.

To satisfy the ever-growing need for computing power, the computing industry has moved towards the use of distributed computing systems. In a distributed computing system, a plurality of computing nodes are coupled together via a network to form an overall more powerful system. One of the advantages of a distributed computing system is that it is highly scalable. To increase the computing power of the system, one or more computing nodes may simply be added. Another advantage of a distributed system is that it enables less expensive, commodity computing nodes to be used. This makes it possible to add computing power to a system with relatively minimal cost. Because of these and other advantages, the popularity of distributed computing systems has grown in recent years.
In a distributed computing system, one of the major considerations is the ability of the various computing nodes to communicate with each other. The more easily and efficiently the computing nodes can communicate and interact, the more the overall system appears to be a single integrated system. One of the aspects of this node-to-node interaction is the ability of one node to access the memory controlled by another node.
Currently, a local node can access the memory controlled by a remote node in several ways. One way is through the use of programmed I/O (input/output). With programmed I/O, a portion of the memory controlled by the remote node is mapped into the physical address space of the local node. Once mapped in this way, a processor of the local node may access the remote memory portion as if it were a part of the local node's local memory. The processor may do this, for example, by issuing memory transaction messages (MTMs). These MTMs may have the same format and conform to the same processor bus protocol as the MTMs that the processor would otherwise issue to access the local node's local memory. An underlying component (for example, a network interface) would encapsulate these MTMs within network packets, and send those packets across the network to the remote node. In turn, the remote node would process the packets and perform the requested accesses on the memory that it controls. In this way, the processor on the local node is able to access the memory controlled by the remote node.
With programmed I/O, the processor of the local node expects the same operation and result from a remote memory access as it does from a local memory access. Thus, when performing a remote memory access, the network needs to ensure that its behavior satisfies the expectations of the processor. If it does not, serious errors may result. With programmed I/O, the processor has two main expectations. First, the processor expects the MTMs that it issues will be processed in an order that is consistent with the processor bus protocol. This ordering is important in ensuring proper processing of information, deadlock avoidance, etc. Second, the processor expects that its MTMs will be processed. The MTMs cannot be dropped or ignored. In order to accommodate remote memory access, a network needs to guarantee that these two expectations are met.
Unfortunately, most standard commodity networks, such as Ethernet, do not satisfy these conditions. In an Ethernet network, for example, the switches within the network, under certain circumstances, may drop packets. In the context of programmed I/O, such dropped packets may, and most likely will, lead to serious errors. Also, because packets may be dropped in an Ethernet network, there is no guarantee that packets will be received and processed in any particular order (even if dropped packets are resent). As a result, it has thus far not been possible to use standard commodity networks to implement remote programmed I/O. Rather, proprietary networks such as SCI and DEC memory channel have been used. These proprietary networks are undesirable, however, because they tend to be expensive. Also, because they are non-standard, they tend to be incompatible with most standard equipment, which leads to more increased cost. Because of these and other shortcomings of proprietary networks, it has been difficult up to this point to implement remote programmed I/O in a cost effective and efficient manner.

Mechanism for enabling memory transactions to be conducted across a lossy network


The present invention relates to an inflatable air bag apparatus attached to a harness restraint system in a vehicle which inflates if an impact sensor detects an impact. The apparatus comprises an bladder attached to the harness's shoulder strap. The sides of the bladder wrap around the shoulder strap and are folded on top of the shoulder strap. When an impact is detected, the impact sensor transmits an electrical signal which ignites the gas generator, and inflates the bladder. In a preferred embodiment, the bladder member comprises three chambers, a central chamber and two side chambers. The chambers are formed by two vertical webs that divide the bladder into the central chamber and the side chamber. The webs are fabricated from permeable material, such that the side chambers inflate before the central chamber inflates, thus stabilizing the air bag apparatus.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to safety apparatus for restraining the head and body of the occupant of a vehicle to reduce the extent and severity of injuries during a crash of the vehicle. More specifically, it relates to an inflatable air bag system attached to the occupant's safety belts that removes any slack in the safety belts, distributes crash loads over a larger area, and provides chin support to reduce head and neck movement upon impact.
2. Background of the Invention
Conventional safety belts are designed to protect the occupants of vehicles such as automobiles, airplanes, helicopters, trains, trucks, boats and ships from primary injuries during an accident. Primary injuries are injuries caused by the initial impact of the occupants against the interior of the vehicle. However, the protection provided by conventional safety belts against even primary injuries may be inadequate. For example, slack safety belts may lead to unnecessarily serious primary injuries. Moreover, the safety belts themselves may often be responsible for secondary injuries. Secondary injuries are injuries caused by the restraint system, or by the body as it recoils after the initial impact. For example, if the load from the safety belts is directed over small areas of the occupant's body, the safety belts themselves may cause serious injuries. Finally, even if a restraint system successfully prevents the displacement of the occupant's torso, displacement of the head may still occur, resulting in neck and/or chest injuries.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,948,541 and 3,905,615 to M. Schulman, disclose an inflatable body and head restraint system, wherein a bladder member is securely affixed to shoulder straps and a lap belt. The bladder member has chin, chest and pelvic bags. Upon impact, the bladder member automatically inflates to cushion the pelvic and chest areas and to prevent forward rotation of the head.
These systems suffer from a series of severe drawbacks. First, upon inflation the bladder tends to roll out from its position under the shoulder straps, as shown in FIGS. 1a-1c. Since the bladder is stowed under the harness, it is not fully deployed before the load is applied to the straps. In a crash, there is significant load on the strap, preventing the underlying bag from lifting the strap uniformly away from the occupant. Instead, the bag tends to deploy in the direction of least resistance, so that it rolls out to one side of the strap.
Second, the seams and the webbing of the air bag tend to split during inflation. Upon impact, the harness exerts great force against the occupant's body. Because the bladders are underneath the straps, part of the bladder is constricted by the harness, resulting in high pressure in the other parts of the bladder. The abnormally high pressure in these portions of the bladder leads to seam and web splitting and, consequently, to failure of the bladder system.
Third, the gas generator used to inflate the bladders in the Schulman system is located in the lap belt, interfering with access to the lap belt and causing pelvic pain upon impact.
Finally, the chest bag allows too much rotation of the head and neck. The location of the gas generator under the lap belt has also caused structural failure of the lap belt buckle.
Simple inflatable body restraints are also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,682,498 to W. Rutzki and U.S. Pat. No. 4,348,037 to B. Law et al. Both patents disclose inflatable protective devices that are located in or under the safety harnesses to which they are attached. As described above, these inflatable devices are subject to rollout and seam or web splitting or inadequate occupant protection when inflate.

Inflatable body and head restraint system


A method for handling broadcast information is described. A first network node (111) operating in a wireless communications network (100) determines (403) one or more decryption keys (K1, K2, K3) to be provided to a wireless device (131) in the wireless communications network (100). The decryption keys enable the wireless device (131) to decrypt information to be broadcasted by a second network node (112) in the wireless communications network (100). The information comprises a plurality of subsets of positioning information. Each of the subsets is to be, or is, encrypted with a different encryption key based on a respective type of subscription for wireless devices (131, 132, 133) in the wireless communications network (100). The determined decryption keys are based on at least one type of subscription of the wireless device (131). The first network node (111) then initiates (404) providing the determined to the wireless device (131).

Wireless devices within a wireless communications network may be e.g., User Equipments (UE), stations (STAs), mobile terminals, wireless terminals, terminals, and/or Mobile Stations (MS). Wireless devices are enabled to communicate wirelessly in a cellular communications network or wireless communication network, sometimes also referred to as a cellular radio system, cellular system, or cellular network. The communication may be performed e.g., between two wireless devices, between a wireless device and a regular telephone and/or between a wireless device and a server via a Radio Access Network (RAN) and possibly one or more core networks, comprised within the wireless communications network. Wireless devices may further be referred to as mobile telephones, cellular telephones, laptops, or tablets with wireless capability, just to mention some further examples. The wireless devices in the present context may be, for example, portable, pocket-storable, hand-held, computer-comprised, or vehicle-mounted mobile devices, enabled to communicate voice and/or data, via the RAN, with another entity, such as another terminal or a server.
The wireless communications network covers a geographical area which may be divided into cell areas, each cell area being served by a network node, which may be an access node such as a radio network node, radio node or a base station, e.g., a Radio Base Station (RBS), which sometimes may be referred to as e.g., evolved Node B ("eNB"), "eNodeB", "NodeB", "B node", gNB, Transmission Point (TP), or BTS (Base Transceiver Station), depending on the technology and terminology used. The base stations may be of different classes such as e.g., Wide Area Base Stations, Medium Range Base Stations, Local Area Base Stations, Home Base Stations, pico base stations, etc. . . . , based on transmission power and thereby also cell size. A cell is the geographical area where radio coverage is provided by the base station or radio node at a base station site, or radio node site, respectively. One base station, situated on the base station site, may serve one or several cells. Further, each base station may support one or several communication technologies. The base stations communicate over the air interface operating on radio frequencies with the terminals within range of the base stations. The wireless communications network may also be a non-cellular system, comprising network nodes which may serve receiving nodes, such as wireless devices, with serving beams. In 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), base stations, which may be referred to as eNodeBs or even eNBs, may be directly connected to one or more core networks. In the context of this disclosure, the expression Downlink (DL) may be used for the transmission path from the base station to the wireless device. The expression Uplink (UL) may be used for the transmission path in the opposite direction i.e., from the wireless device to the base station.
Positioning
UE positioning is recognized as an important feature for LTE networks due to its potential for massive user applications, for example, intelligent transportation, entertainment, industry automation, robotics, remote operation, healthcare, smart parking and so on, as well as its relevance to the United States Federal Communications Commission (US FCC) E911 requirements.
Positioning in LTE may be supported by the architecture in shown in FIG. 1, with direct interactions between a UE 10 and a location server, the Evolved Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC) 11, via the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) 12. Moreover, there may be also interactions between the location server and the eNodeB 13 via the LTE Positioning Protocol A (LPPa) 14, to some extent supported by interactions between the eNodeB 13 and the UE 10 via the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol 15. The eNodeB 40 and the E-SMLC 20 may also communicate with a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 16, which in turn communicates with a Gateway Mobile Location Centre (GMLC) 17.
In LTE, as described e.g., in 3GPP Technical Specification 36.305, v. 14.1.0, several positioning techniques may be considered. A first technique is the Enhanced Cell Identifier (ID). Through this technique, cell ID information may be used to associate the UE to the serving area of a serving cell, and then additional information may be used to determine a finer granularity position.
Another technique is assisted Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). GNSS may be understood to encompass all systems that may provide worldwide positioning based on satellites, including, for example, the Global Positioning System (GPS), the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) and Galileo. In this technique, GNSS information may be retrieved by the UE, and it may be supported by assistance information provided to the UE from the E-SMLC.
Another technique is the Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA). In this technique, the UE may estimate the time difference of reference signals from different base stations and may send the result of the estimation to the Evolved Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC) for multilateration.
Yet another technique is the Uplink TDOA (UTDOA). In this technique, the UE may be requested to transmit a specific waveform that may be detected by multiple location measurement units, e.g. an eNB, at known positions. These measurements may be forwarded to the E-SMLC for multilateration.
The positioning techniques may be supported by assistance data from the location server to the UE. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an LPP Assistance Data Transfer procedure. Typically, the UE, which may be considered a target device 20, may either request assistance data at 22 and the location server 21 provide assistance data at 23, or the location server 21 may provide assistance data unsolicited at 24, as illustrated by FIG. 2.
Recent enhancements in GNSS technology include support for very precise positioning, where the device, e.g., a UE, may interact with a network node to obtain specific measurement correction information. Much of these enhancements are captured by the specification work of Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM), 3GPP TS 25.305, v. 14.0.0, "Stage 2 functional specification of User Equipment (UE) positioning in UTRAN". One example is Real Time Kinematics (RTK) GNSS, which is a differential GNSS positioning technology enabling positioning accuracy improvement from meter level to decimetre, or even centimetre level in the right conditions, in real-time by exploiting the carrier phase of the GNSS signal rather than only the code phase. Support for RTK GNSS in LTE networks may therefore be provided and are under standardization in the Release 15 work item. The support for RTK in LTE networks comprises reporting RTK correction data to the UE. Two versions of reporting RTK data to the UE are currently under discussion, the first known method is to broadcast the information from base stations by extending the system information bits. The other method is to send the information to each UE individually, for example via LPP. In addition, the UE may also interact with an RTK server over the application layer directly.
Further, as the number of UEs supporting network-assisted positioning increases, broadcasting of assistance data to the UEs may help to reduce signaling load, as well as supporting geofencing of broadcast warning messages for example. Existing methods to provide network-assisted positioning information lack efficiency and waste network resources, increasing its latency, and decreasing its capacity.

First network node, second network node, wireless device and methods therein for handling broadcast information


The present invention is to provide a harmonic spurious signal suppression filter, which comprises microstrip lines disposed on a printed circuit board of a wireless network product, wherein one end of a microstrip input end is perpendicularly connected to one end of a first microstrip line, one end of a microstrip output end is perpendicularly connected to one end of a fourth microstrip line, the first and fourth microstrip lines are interwovenly arranged in an interdigital finger form, a second microstrip line is extended from both the microstrip input and output ends, and each end of the second microstrip line corresponding to the location of the first and fourth microstrip lines is connected to a third microstrip line of a meandering shape.

In recent years, the increasing market demand on wireless network products has pushed the development of wireless local area network (wireless LAN) to a much higher level. Particularly, the IEEE 802.11 protocol established in the year 1997 provides many new functions in the wireless LAN communications and a solution for communicating between wireless products of different brands, which opens up a new milestone for the development of wireless LAN applications. This protocol sets the direction of wireless LAN development to a single chip solution running on a kernel device. This largely reduces the cost of wireless technology, thus making the wireless LAN technology being applicable to various kinds of wireless products.
Moreover, in order to satisfy the compactness requirement of wireless network products in the market, the manufacturers thereof must design the circuit layout of the wireless network products in a strictly limited space. Consequently, when a wireless network product is working under a high power condition, harmonic waves of high frequencies are generated due to the nonlinear properties of the active components, thereby causing electromagnetic interference (EMI). In order to solve the problem described above, many developed countries have established statutory restrictions to limit the import or usage of such wireless network products. For this reason, the manufacturers of such wireless network products must include a filter therein to comply with the statutory requirements and to suppress the generated noise of harmonic waves of high frequencies, when designing their wireless network products, especially when the power is amplified. The harmonic waves of high frequencies of the manufactured wireless network products can thus meet the statutory requirements of all countries.
Let's take a printed circuit of a wireless network product working under a frequency of 2.4 GHz as an example, as shown in FIG. 1. In order to reduce the manufacturing cost and space occupied by the filter, a low pass filter having a size of 133×300 mil2 disposed after the power amplifier is normally fabricated on the printed circuit board. The filter is formed directly on the extra space of the printed circuit board, which is left out from the wiring scheme of the microstrip lines. The filter comprises a microstrip input end 10. One end of the microstrip input end 10 is perpendicularly connected to one end of a first microstrip line Z1. The filter further comprises a microstrip output end 15. One end of the microstrip output end 15 is perpendicularly connected to one end of a third microstrip line Z3. The first microstrip line Z1 and the third microstrip line Z3 are mutually spaced and symmetrically arranged wherein a second microstrip line Z2 is connected therebetween. The second microstrip line Z2 is in a meandering shape, which is being disposed between the first and the third microstrip lines Z1, Z3. In addition, the two ends of the second microstrip line Z2 are perpendicularly connected to the microstrip input line 10 and the microstrip output line 15. The necessary low pass filter is thus formed to effectively suppress the noise of harmonic waves of high frequencies, which is generated from the power amplifier due to nonlinear distortions.
One can use the low pass filter shown in FIG. 1 to filter the wave signals generated from a wireless network product at a working frequency of 2.4 GHz. The resultant noise is measured and illustrated in FIG. 2. As shown, the insertion loss at 2.4 GHz is approximately 0.0751 dB, while the suppression is approximately 27.73 dB at a double frequency of 4.8 GHz. However, the first microstrip line Z1 and the third microstrip line Z3 of such low pass filter occupy quite a large area on the printed circuit board. This hinders the printed circuit board of wireless network products from further shrinking down to a smaller size. Therefore, the problem of how to shrink down the size of wireless network products without increasing the manufacturing cost and yet satisfying the related statutory requirements is a very important issue to solve.

Harmonic spurious signal suppression filter


A method includes fusion bonding a handle wafer to a first side of a device wafer. The method further includes depositing a first mask on a second side of the device wafer, wherein the second side is planar. A plurality of dimple features is formed on an exposed portion on the second side of the device wafer. The first mask is removed from the second side of the device wafer. A second mask is deposited on the second side of the device wafer that corresponds to a standoff. An exposed portion on the second side of the device wafer is etched to form the standoff. The second mask is removed. A rough polysilicon layer is deposited on the second side of the device wafer. A eutectic bond layer is deposited on the standoff. In some embodiments, a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device pattern is etched into the device wafer.

MEMS ("micro-electro-mechanical systems") are a class of devices that are fabricated using semiconductor-like processes and exhibit mechanical characteristics. For example, MEMS devices may include the ability to move or deform. In many cases, but not always, MEMS interact with electrical signals. A MEMS device may refer to a semiconductor device that is implemented as a micro-electro-mechanical system. A MEMS device includes mechanical elements and may optionally include electronics (e.g. electronics for sensing). MEMS devices include but are not limited to, for example, gyroscopes, accelerometers, magnetometers, pressure sensors, etc.
Stiction causes reliability issues for MEMS devices. Surface roughness may be introduced in some MEMS devices, e.g., by using polysilicon, in order to reduce stiction. Surface roughness increases with increased thickness of polysilicon layer, but unfortunately increasing thickness of polysilicon causes wafer handling issues in the deposition furnace since wafer is stuck onto the wafer boat due to thick polysilicon films. Moreover, increasing roughness using polysilicon layer, as an example, degrades the eutectic bond quality between the MEMS and a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor ("CMOS") due to higher roughness. Additionally, gyro cavity pressure undesirably increases due to increased outgassing from the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coating layer on the rough polysilicon surface. Furthermore, increasing roughness using polysilicon layer causes insufficient dopant diffusion into the polysilicon from the actuator substrate causing parasitic resistance and capacitance effects.

Sensor with dimple features and improved out-of-plane stiction


The present invention relates to a floor panel 10, in particular for the outdoor area or wet areas, with a carrier plate 11 having a front face and rear face, wherein the carrier plate 11 is provided on its front face with a décor and/or protective layer 16. For drainage of liquids and in particular of water, on the rear face of the carrier plate 11 drainage protrusions 22, 24, 26, 32 are applied.

In the art, a plurality of floor panels is known. For outdoor areas, i.e. outside of closed rooms, where the floors are exposed to atmospheric influence more or less without being protected, as well as in wet areas, such as in the field of swimming pools and the like, typically solid wood boards are used, which are suitably impregnated. To drain surface water, such as rain water or dripping water, these boards are typically mounted on a solid cross beam and in the outer area additionally installed on a gravel or sand bed. The cross beams are normally sufficiently dimensioned so that the underside respectively the rear face of the boards are spaced apart from the ground.
For the indoor area, in the recent years, particularly so called laminate panels are widely spread. Laminate panels are relatively inexpensive and are easy to install. They are typically based on a carrier plate of MDF- or HDF-material on which top face (front face) multiple resin impregnated papers are applied. Such laminate panels are not 25 suitable for the use in an outdoor area or in a wet area (such as e.g. bathrooms, spa areas, indoor swimming pools etc.). The carrier board of MDF or HDF is not moisture resistant and swells under longer water contact. The typically used décor papers further are not sufficiently UV resistant, so that the printing colors age over time, so that the décor will be unsightly after a short period of time. Document DE 10 2011 004893 A1 relates to a composite tile for a system to be laid, in particular for making a floor or wall covering, comprising a tile of a floor or wall covering and a support that is arranged on the side on which the tile contacts the floor or wall. The support is made of a fiber composite, in particular fiber-reinforced cement.
The known laminate panels have in common the advantage that the use of so called click connection profiles is possible, namely special tongue and groove connection profiles provided on the edges of the panels, which allow a simple interconnecting by an angular movement around the connecting profiles, so that installing of the panels is simply possible for a layman.
In WO 2014/053 186 of the same applicant, an improved floor panel for the outdoor area is disclosed, which combines the advantages of known laminate panels for the indoor area with suitable materials and surfaces for a use in outdoor areas. In this document, floor panels are suggested having connecting means in form of tongue and groove elements, wherein the panels comprise a carrier plate which consists of MDF or HDF of acetylated wood, fiber cement or of polyvinylchloride. On the front face of the floor panels a special décor respectively protection layer is applied, which is in particular suitable for being used in the outdoor area. To allow the drainage of for example rain water, in particular with regard to these floor panels, the floor underground should be provided with a layer, respectively a bed, of gritting material or gravel, or the like and the panels should be installed on that gritting material layer. Water can therefore flow off the gaps between the installed floor panels into the gritting material bed and can be suitably conducted or seeped away into the earth. The gritting material further prevents that the rear faces of the installed panels lay for a longer period of time in a standing water puddle, which would also be permanently harmful for the suitable basis materials of these floor panels. For draining water, and for protecting the flooring in outdoor or indoor areas with high moisture strain (i.e. wet area, such as in the area of swimming pools or the like usually surface drainages are used). Surface drainages typically consist of a mesh of a suitable polymer and are installed between the ground and the floor panels. The floor panels or plates rest on the mesh of the surface drainage. Such a surface drainage allow fast drainage, however has a disadvantage in that an additional installing step is necessary and high costs for this surface drainage occur.
The present invention has the object to improve the known state of the art and in particular to provide improved floor panels which provide the advantages of known laminate panels for the indoor area with respect to the simplicity of installation and which preferably allow omitting separate surface drainages and/or gravel or drain material beds. These and other objects, which will be named during reading of the following description will become apparent for a person skilled in the art and are solved with a floor panel as described herein.


A dispensing carton for tissues, aluminum foils, plastic wraps or the like has a top portion which includes an elongated opening for withdrawing tissues from the carton. The dispensing carton includes a plurality of strings having first and second ends. The first ends are attached to one end of the opening and the second ends are attached to an opposite end of the opening. The plurality of strings are configured to form a slit for holding the tissues to prevent dropping into the carton. The strings may be made of any elastic strings, such as a common rubber band or elongated coils.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a carton containing tissues, and more particularly to a dispensing carton containing facial tissues, or the like.
2. Description of Related Art
Disposable facial tissues are conventionally contained in a substantially rectangular carton having an elongated opening in the top surface. The carton contains a stack of interfolded tissues arranged such that they can be dispensed through the opening of the carton. One of the methods of dispensing the tissues from such a carton is through a restricted opening made of a thin plastic sheet or film having a slit across thereto, such that the tissue to be dispense is slightly pinched between the slit formed by the plastic sheet until extracted by a user. Because of the interfolded arrangement of the tissue sheets, the act of extracting one tissue from the carton will force the next sheet to partially protrude out of the carton through the plastic sheet opening, thus making the next sheet readily available for the user.
In order for the tissues to be releasably held by the plastic sheet opening, the opening must be configured to hold such tissues. However, there are instances where the tissue fails to lift up when the previous tissue is extracted by the user. In such instance, the user must insert a hand through the plastic sheet opening to grasp the tissue and pull it through the plastic sheet opening. The insertion of the hand through the limited opening to grasp the fallen tissue permanently destroys the integrity of the opening by enlarging the size of the slit or by tearing the slit. Moreover, as the tissues are extracted through the plastic sheet opening, paper particles or dusts are unsanitarily collected around the opening and on the plastic sheet.
In addition, certain coated paper, such as a wax paper, aluminum foil or plastic wrap might not be used with the opening formed by the plastic sheet because the weight of such a material cannot be supported by the pinching force created by the plastic sheet.


Provided are a shift register, a gate driving unit and a display device. By disposing a scanning sequence control circuit configured to control output sequence of a first gate signal and a second gate signal according to the received first and second scanning sequence control signals, a first control circuit and a second control circuit in the shift register unit, it may settle a Vertical mura problem in the prior art and may improve an image quality of the display device.

A liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes a liquid crystal panel with a plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines, a gate driving unit for outputting gate signals to the gate lines, and a source driving unit for outputting data signals to the data lines.
With developments in technologies, various driving technologies that may reduce cost, including a Dual gate technology and a GIP (gate in panel) technology, are being applied to liquid crystal display products.
The Dual gate technology is a driving technology which reduces the number of the data lines of a LCD panel by a half and doubles the number of the gate lines. Because a unit price of gate driving ICs is lower than that of source driving ICs, the Dual gate technology can reduce cost by reducing the number of the source driving ICs by a half and doubling the number of the gate driving ICs. However, the Dual gate technology may bring a problem of insufficient charging in TFTs.
The GIP technology is a technology which integrates a gate driving circuit in a peripheral area of a display area of the LCD panel. The GIP technology eliminates the gate driving ICs, and thus can reduce cost.
In order to further reduce costs, some LCD products employs both of the Dual gate technology and the GIP technology.
The current gate driving circuit which employs the GIP technology may only perform the display by way of single direction scan, e.g., a sequential scan or a reverse scan. When applying the GIP technology in combination with the Dual gate technology, the problem of insufficient charging may cause a Vertical mura problem, resulting in a poor image quality.

Shift register, gate driving unit and display device performing scanning sequence control

HEFEI BOE OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


A biosensor is disclosed for application to a method for quantitative measurement of a substrate comprising a first step of causing a substrate contained in a sample to react with an oxidoreductase specific to the substrate in the presence of an electron mediator in oxidized state, a second step of applying a potential to a working electrode for reducing the electron mediator in oxidized state that remains not reduced in the first step, and a third step of measuring a reduction current flowing across the working electrode and a counter electrode. The biosensor comprises an electrically insulating base plate, an electrode system having a working electrode and a counter electrode formed on the base plate, and a reaction layer which is formed on or in the vicinity of the electrode system and contains at least an oxidoreductase and an electron mediator, the counter electrode including at least a reductant of a redox compound or an electrolytically oxidizable metal.

The present invention relates to a biosensor for facilitating simple and high accuracy quantitation of a substrate and a method for quantitative measurement of a substrate using the same.
There has been a conventional simple method for quantitating a specific component in a sample solution with no dilution or agitation of the sample solution. This method causes the specific component to react with an oxidoreductase whose substrate corresponds to the specific component in the presence of an electron mediator or electron acceptor and subsequently oxidizes the electron mediator reduced by the enzyme reaction electrochemically. The concentration of the specific component is then determined from the oxidation current flowing during this electrochemical oxidation.
This method normally uses a biosensor as disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2,517,153.
The biosensor is produced by first forming an electrode system having a working electrode and a counter electrode on an electrically insulating base plate by a screen printing method or the like, subsequently forming a reaction layer including an oxidoreductase and an electron mediator on the electrode system, and finally bonding a cover and a spacer to the electrically insulating base plate.
This biosensor facilitates quantitation of various specific components by varying the oxidoreductase.
A glucose sensor will be described as an example of biosensor.
Conventionally known method for quantitative measurement of glucose is a system comprising a combination of glucose oxidase with an oxygen electrode or a hydrogen peroxide electrode (e.g., "Biosensor", ed. by Shuichi Suzuki, Kodansha, Japan).
Glucose oxidase selectively oxidizes a substrate .beta.-D-glucose to D-glucono-.delta.-lactone by utilizing oxygen dissolved in a sample solution as an electron mediator. When the substrate is oxidized by the glucose oxidase, the oxygen used as the electron mediator is reduced to hydrogen peroxide. The glucose concentration can be quantitated either by measurement of the volume of oxygen consumed during this reaction using an oxygen electrode or by measurement of the volume of hydrogen peroxide produced using a hydrogen peroxide electrode of platinum or the like.
However, this method has a drawback that the measurement is largely affected by the concentration of oxygen contained in a sample solution, depending on the measuring object. This system has another drawback that the system cannot function in the absence of oxygen.
To overcome these problems, a type of glucose sensor has been developed which includes an organic compound or a metal complex such as potassium ferricyanide, ferrocene derivatives, quinone derivatives, etc. as electron mediator, in place of oxygen.
This biosensor can carry a known amount of glucose oxidase on an electrode system, together with an electron mediator in their stabilized state. This structure enables to combine the electrode system with the reaction layer integrally almost in dry state.
Such biosensor is normally disposable and facilitates measurement of the concentration of glucose by a simple instillation of a measuring sample at a sensor chip mounted in a measurement device. Therefore, this biosensor has been attracting much attention recently.
As described above, the substrate in a sample can be quantitated based on the current required for oxidizing the reductant of the electron mediator which has been produced by a series of enzyme reaction on the electrode.
However, some samples are assumed to contain an easy-to-oxidize substance which is oxidized upon oxidation of an electron mediator in reduced state on the electrode to generate an oxidation current and hence produces a positive error in the current value measured. Moreover, if the measuring sample contains a high concentration of substrate, the oxidation current value may vary.
In order to solve these problems, the present inventors propose a method for quantitative measurement of a substrate based on the reduction current value which flows during reduction of the electron mediator in oxidized state on the working electrode which remains not reduced by a series of enzyme reaction. This method precludes adverse effects of any easy-to-oxidize substance on the measurement results.
However, if the reduction current value is measured with a two-electrode system comprising a working electrode and a counter electrode, then the presence of some amount of electron mediator in reduced state which must be oxidized on the counter electrode in correspondence with the reduction of already oxidized electron mediator on the working electrode becomes mandatory. With this system, however, if the substrate concentration is predicted to be low, the electron mediator in reduced state may be depleted, which renders the oxidation on the counter electrode to develop a rate-determining step that adversely affects the reduction current value measured.

Biosensor and method for quantitative measurement of a substrate using the same

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A method for making an interferometric taper waveguide (I-TWG) with high critical dimension uniformity and small line edge roughness for a heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) head, wherein the method includes creating an I-TWG film stack with two hard mask layers on top of an I-TWG core layer sandwiched between two cladding layers, defining a photoresist pattern over the I-TWG film stack using deep ultraviolet lithography, transferring the pattern to the first hard mask layer using reactive ion etching (RIE), forming a temporary I-TWG pattern on the second hard mask layer using RIE, transferring the temporary pattern to the I-TWG core using RIE, refilling the cladding layer, and planarizing using chemical mechanical planarization (CMP).

For all types of substrates, perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) technology has become more prevalent in magnetic recording media with the goal of increasing areal density. Areal density is generally limited by the media's ability to, at a sufficiently small bit size, write a data bit, read back the same data bit, and maintain the magnetic characteristics of the data bit over time. For magnetic media, these parameters are controlled by the materials coercivity. However, there exists a threshold wherein the coercivity is so high, and the bit size so small, that the writing element must use an impractically high magnetic field to affect change to a data bit. The advent of heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) media addresses this problem by applying heat to a data bit during a write operation to lower the coercivity to a writable level, and then removing the heat to allow the coercivity to return to a high level to keep the data bit stable.
By using HAMR technology, areal density in hard disk drives can be extended beyond 1 Tb/in2. FIG. 1 illustrates a HAMR head light delivery system design. Laser light from an external laser diode (LD) 100 is coupled into interferometric taper waveguide (I-TWG) 200 by mode converter (MC) 210, and then delivered through I-TWG 200 to near field transducer (NFT) 250 at air bearing surface (ABS) 270, which focuses the laser generated light energy into a less than 50 nm spot on the PMR media surface.
The structure of an I-TWG 200, as shown in FIG. 2, includes several critical components including mode converter taper 210, splitter 220, and directional coupler 230. Constructing these components into a unified structure on a single wafer with homogenous deposition and etching technologies is challenging because the components have very different dimensional scale, but dimensional accuracy is extremely important to operational performance of the HAMR. For example, the I-TWG taper angle and length, waveguide critical dimension uniformity (CDU), line edge roughness (LER), splitter asymmetry, and MC-to-taper overlay are critical to the HAMR's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), head longevity, and power consumption. Directional coupler 230 is used to return some of the laser light to the backside of slider 150 (as shown in FIG. 1) for laser alignment adjusting. However, dimensional accuracy necessary to control the taper angle and length, CDU, LER, splitter asymmetry, and MC-to-taper overlay is difficult to control, particularly when building the I-TWG on a single substrate. Accordingly, currently available I-TWG methods tend to use more expensive, multi-substrate construction and tend to result in structures with variances in these critical parameters. The resulting I-TWG's are not ideal in their efficiency, power consumption, and head life.

Method to make interferometric taper waveguide for HAMR light delivery


According to one embodiment of the present invention, a system assesses the quality of column data. The system assigns a pre-defined domain to one or more columns of the data based on a validity condition for the domain, applies the validity condition for the domain assigned to a column to data values in the column to compute a data quality metric for the column, and computes and displays a metric for a group of columns based on the computed data quality metric of at least one column in the group. Embodiments of the present invention further include a method and computer program product for assessing the quality of column data in substantially the same manners described above.

1. Technical Field
Present invention embodiments relate to assessing data quality, and more specifically, to assessing the completeness and domain validity of column data.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Assessing the quality of data is an aspect of master data management, data integration, and data migration projects. In such projects, data are typically moved from heterogeneous sources to a consolidated target. Sources may include databases having a large number of data tables, where each table has a number of data columns. Columns may include data that should be identified as having poor quality (e.g., data that do not match expectations of the target system). Existing products for assessing the quality of data can be categorized as tools for data profiling or tools for implementing data rules.
Data profiling tools are designed to provide understanding of data content and to identify potential data quality problems based on a comparison of information about the data with a user's understanding and expectation of what the data should be. Typically, these tools involve a user launching a "column analysis" that will compute statistics (e.g., cardinality, number of null values, frequency distributions, recurring formats, inferred types, etc.) for each column. The user reviews the result of the column analysis and identifies data quality problems based on the user's domain knowledge.
Tools for implementing data rules allow users to define rules describing features of good or bad data. For example, a rule can be an SQL query for all records that do not fulfill an expected condition (e.g., SELECT*FROM CUSTOMER WHERE ID=NULL). Rules can be complex (e.g., based on a relationship between data from separate columns) and portable (e.g., a regular expression). Once a user defines conditions for a rule, the rule can be applied automatically to verify the quality of data.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


A mounting seat for a pressure relief device. The mounting seat comprises a main body portion, a blocking portion and a lug. The main body portion has a circular cross section. The blocking portion is circumferentially arranged on an outer surface of the main body portion and is formed by extending outward from the outer surface of the main body portion. The lug is located below the blocking portion and is separated from the blocking portion by a distance, and the lug extends outward from the outer surface of the main body portion. The pressure relief device of the present application, through its rotation, may be securely mounted to a housing of the battery pack, without requiring additional mounting parts and tools, which greatly simplifies the mounting process of the battery pack.

A battery will generate gas during use. If the gas is not discharged in time and accumulates in a battery pack, the pressure inside the battery pack will increase, which will affect the use of the battery pack. Therefore, during manufacturing a battery, it is often necessary to mount a pressure relief device on the battery pack. If the pressure in the battery pack is higher than a predetermined value, the pressure relief device can be automatically opened to discharge the gas accumulated in the battery pack to relieve the excessive pressure therein.

Mounting seat for pressure relief device


Between the start and the end of the chemical vapor infiltration process, filtration conditions are modified by causing at least one of the following infiltration parameters to vary: retention time of the gas, pressure, temperature, concentration of precursor in the gas, and concentration of dopant, if any, in the gas; thereby adapting infiltration conditions to changes in the porometry of the substrate in order to control the microstructure of the material deposited within the substrate, in particular in order to conserve a microstructure that is constant.

CMC and carbon-carbon composite materials are used in various fields where their thermostructural properties, i.e. their very good mechanical properties, make it possible to build structural elements that are heavily stressed, and that have the ability to retain these mechanical properties even at relatively high temperatures. This applies, for example, in the field of space, in particular for panels providing thermal protection or nozzles for thrusters, in the field of aviation, e.g. for parts of airplane jets, and in the field of friction, in particular for airplane brake disks.
Chemical vapor infiltration of a material into a porous substrate consists in placing the substrate inside an enclosure, in causing a gas to diffuse within the accessible internal pores of the substrate, which gas contains at least a precursor of the material in the gaseous state, and simultaneously in controlling in particular the temperature and the pressure inside the enclosure so that a deposit is formed from the precursor throughout the volume of the substrate. The precursor for carbon can be an alkane, an alkyl, or an alkene, giving rise to pyrolytic carbon by decomposition. For chemical vapor infiltration of a ceramic material, a gas is diffused that contains one or more gaseous species giving the desired ceramic material by decomposition or by mutual chemical reaction. Thus, for example, chemical vapor infiltration of silicon carbide (SiC) can be obtained by means of a gas containing methyltrichlorosilane (MTS) and in the presence of hydrogen gas (H.sub.2). Gaseous species that are precursors for other ceramics such as carbides, nitrides, or oxides are well known to the person skilled in the art.
Several vapor infiltration methods exist, in particular isobaric methods that are isothermal and isobaric methods that have a temperature gradient.
In isothermal isobaric methods, the substrates to be densified are maintained at all times at uniform temperature throughout their volume and under uniform pressure. A drawback thereof lies in the impossibility, in practice, of obtaining densification that is uniform. The matrix material tends to deposit preferentially within pores close to the outside surface of the substrate. The progressive obstruction of the surface pores makes access for the gas to the inside of the material more and more difficult, resulting in a gradient of densification between the surface and the core of the material. It is of course possible to descale or machine the surface of the substrate one or more times during the densification process in order to open up surface pores. However that requires the process to be interrupted for the time required to extract the substrate from the densification installation, to cool it down, to descale it, to put the substrate back into the installation, and to return to the desired temperature.
With a temperature gradient type method, the above-mentioned drawback of the isothermal method can be limited to a great extent. A temperature difference is established between a hotter inner portion and a cooler surface of the substrate which is exposed to the gas. The matrix material then deposits preferentially in the hotter inner portion. By controlling the temperature of the substrate surface so that it is below the decomposition or reaction threshold of the gas, at least during an initial portion of the densification process, it is possible to ensure that the densification front progresses from the inside towards the surface of the substrate as the process continues. In conventional manner, the temperature gradient can be obtained by placing one or more substrates around a susceptor coupled to an inductor with an inside face of the substrate(s) in contact with the susceptor. It is also possible to obtain a temperature gradient by direct inductive coupling with the substrate being densified, when the nature of the substrate makes that possible. Those techniques are described in particular in the documents FR-A-2 711 647 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,348,774. In the latter document, the substrates are heated both by coupling with a susceptor and by direct coupling with the substrates as the densification front progresses. Means are provided to measure variation in the weight of the substrates continuously so as to monitor the progress of the densification process. As a function of the measured weight variation, the process can be optimized, in particular concerning its duration, by acting on densification parameters, and in particular on the power supplied to the inductor. Monitoring variation in substrate weight also makes it possible to define the end of the densification process. The temperature gradient method does indeed make it possible to obtain densification that is more uniform than with the isothermal process, but it can only be implemented with substrates of a particular shape, in particular substrates that are annular.
Whatever the densification method used, the microstructure of the material deposited within the substrate depends on the conditions under which chemical vapor infiltration takes place. For example, with pyrolytic carbon, by modifying these infiltration conditions, it is possible, in particular, to obtain pyrolytic carbon of the smooth laminar type, of the dark laminar type, of the rough laminar type, or of the isotrophic type. The microstructure of pyrolytic carbon is a characteristic that is important with respect to the properties of the densified substrate. Thus, for parts made of carbon-carbon composite, it is often desirable to have a microstructure of the rough laminar type, in particular because of its ability to be graphited by heat treatment. Controlling the microstructure of the material deposited within the substrate is also important for a material of the ceramic type.
In isothermal densification methods, it has been observed that in spite of the infiltration parameters being fixed initially so as to give a deposit having the desired microstructure, the microstructure can vary during the densification process. The difficultly of conserving uniform microstructure is to be observed in particular when densifying thick substrates such as fiber preforms that are more than 5 cm thick.
The same difficulty exists with temperature gradient densification methods, whether by inductive coupling with a susceptor in contact with the substrates or by inductive coupling directly with the substrates.

Chemical vapor infiltration method with variable infiltration parameters

Societe Nationale d'Etude et de Construction de Moteurs d'Aviation


For eliminating turbulence in a wall bounded flow a section of the flow-bounding wall is moved in the direction of the flow over the flow-bounding wall.

In Björn Hof et al.: Eliminating turbulence in spatially intermittent flows, Science 19, March 2010: Vol. 327, No. 5972, pp. 1491-1494, which in its entirety is incorporated herein by reference, the inventor of the present invention and co-authors disclosed a method of eliminating turbulence in a spatially intermittent flow through a pipe in that the parabolic velocity profile of a laminar flow is distorted to a plug like velocity profile upstream of a turbulent puff. The distortion of the velocity profile reduces the sudden change of the axial velocity across the rear of the turbulent puff. In numerical simulations, this proposal is reported to be successful in eliminating turbulence. Once having eliminated the turbulent puff, a forcing needed to distort the parabolic velocity profile may even be switched off, and the flow continues to re-laminarize. However, Hof et al. point out, that a distortion of the velocity profile at the turbulent laminar interface cannot be as readily implemented in practice as in simulations. Thus, they proposed to use a second turbulent puff upstream of the original one to distort the velocity profile at the rear end of the original puff. When the second turbulent puff is induced at a short distance upstream of the original puff, the short distance between the two puffs is insufficient to allow a parabolic velocity profile to fully develop, despite the fact that the flow is not turbulent between the two puffs. Hof et al. could show that introducing the additional puff allows for keeping the flow in a pipe laminar downstream of the additional puff, even in the area of the original puff. However, they pointed out that their simple strategy only works well for sufficiently small Reynolds-numbers of Re<2000 in pipes, Re<1400 in channels and Re<1800 in ducts, and that it becomes less efficient as Re increases, and once the regime of spatially expanding turbulence is reached (Re>2500 in pipes) it fails. On the other hand, in their numerical simulations, the basic concept of distorting the velocity profile to re-laminarize a turbulence proved successful even with larger Reynolds-numbers and reduced the drag more than by a factor of two.
There still remains a need of having a practicable method of and an apparatus for eliminating turbulence in wall bounded flows which also work at larger Reynolds-numbers.

Eliminating turbulence in wall bounded flows

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUSTRIA


In a wheel position detector for a vehicle, a transmitter on each wheel repeatedly transmits a data frame containing identification information when an angle of the transmitter reaches a transmission angle. A receiver for receiving the frame is mounted on a body of a vehicle and performs wheel position detection based on the frame to specify a target wheel from which the frame is transmitted. The receiver acquires a tooth position of a gear rotating with a corresponding wheel when receiving the frame and sets a variation allowable range based on the tooth position. The receiver specifies the target wheel by determining whether the tooth position falls within the variation allowable range a predetermined number of times in a row.

A direct-type tire inflation pressure detector has been known. This type of tire inflation pressure detector uses a transmitter that is directly attached to a tire wheel of a vehicle. The transmitter has a sensor such as a pressure sensor. An antenna and a receiver are mounted on a body of the vehicle. When the transmitter transmits data including a detection signal from the sensor, the receiver receives the data via the antenna and detects a tire inflation pressure based on the data. The direct-type tire inflation pressure detector determines whether the data is transmitted from the vehicle equipped with the direct-type tire inflation pressure detector or another vehicle. Further, the direct-type tire inflation pressure detector determines which wheel is provided with the transmitter. For this purpose, each data transmitted from the transmitter contains ID information that discriminates between the vehicle and the other vehicle and identifies a wheel to which the transmitter is attached.
In order to locate the transmitter, the receiver needs to pre-register the ID information about each transmitter in association with each wheel position. If tire rotation is performed, the receiver needs to re-register the ID information. For example, patent document 1 proposes a method of automating this registration.
Specifically, in the method according to patent document 1, it is determines whether the wheel reaches a specified rotation position based on an acceleration detection signal from an acceleration sensor included in the transmitter attached to the wheel. The vehicle also detects a rotation position of the wheel based on a wireless signal from the transmitter. The vehicle monitors a change in a relative angle between the rotation positions to specify the wheel position. This method monitors a change in the relative angle between the wheel rotation position detected by the vehicle and the wheel rotation position detected by the wheel based on a deviation in a specified number of data. The method specifies the wheel position by determining that a variation with reference to an initial value exceeds an allowable value. More specifically, the number of teeth of a gear (i.e., rotor) is obtained from a wheel speed pulse outputted from a wheel speed sensor provided for a corresponding wheel. The wheel position is specified based on a relative angle between a rotation angle indicated by the number of teeth of the gear obtained from the wheel speed pulse outputted from the wheel speed sensor and a rotation position detected based on the acceleration detection signal from the acceleration sensor included in the transmitter attached to the wheel.
However, in the method described in patent document 1, when the subject vehicle receives a wireless signal from a transmitter mounted on another vehicle before registration of the ID information of the transmitter of the subject vehicle, there is a possibility that the subject vehicle incorrectly registers the ID information of the transmitter of the other vehicle as the ID information of the transmitter of the subject vehicle. Likewise, the same problem may occur when the transmitter of the subject vehicle is replaced with a new transmitter having new ID information.

Wheel position detector and tire inflation pressure detector having the same


There are provided an electrostatic protection circuit, an array substrate, and a display apparatus. The electrostatic protection circuit includes: at least one first transistor and at least one second transistor. Each of the first transistors has a gate and a second electrode both connected to an electrostatic protection line, and a first electrode connected to a signal line; and each of the second transistors has a gate and a second electrode both connected to the signal line, and a first electrode connected to the electrostatic protection line. One resistor is connected in series between a gate and a second electrode of at least one transistor in the electrostatic protection circuit.

In a process of manufacturing an array substrate, since static electricity is easily generated by processes such as plasma deposition, film etching, and rubbing etc., electrostatic breakdown and electrostatic damage may occur on signal lines formed on the array substrate, which results in a poor array substrate. In order to ensure a normal operation of the respective signal lines, an electrostatic protection device connected to the signal lines may be disposed on the array substrate. The electrostatic protection device is also commonly referred to as an Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) device.
The electrostatic protection device in the related art generally comprises a transistor and an electrostatic protection line, wherein a source of the transistor may be connected to a signal line, and a gate and a drain of the transistor may both be connected to the electrostatic protection line. The transistor may discharge static electricity generated on the signal line to the electrostatic protection line in time.

Electrostatic protection circuit, array substrate and display apparatus


An ambient water condenser system is described having a condensation chamber which at least partially contains or surrounds a fluid reservoir which contains a volume or mass of an aqueous hygroscopic solution for condensing water from ambient air and a distillation process for extracting the water from the solution. The fluid reservoir has a heat source, a lower porous hydrophobic membrane, and an upper porous hydrophobic membrane. The heat source causes the hygroscopic solution near the top of reservoir to have a higher temperature which causes it to have a higher water vapor pressure, whereby the water vapor passing through the upper porous hydrophobic membrane and into the condensation chamber condenses into liquid water.

It has long been a goal to develop an engine that can harvest thermal energy that is freely available in the ambient environment. In conventional thermoelectric convertors and conventional devices that operate on a thermodynamic cycle, a heat source and a heat sink are employed and occur simultaneously. They require a simultaneous temperature differential for operation. Attempts have been made to utilize thermal insulation material and a heat sink to impose the needed temperature differential. One section of the converter is thermally insulated from the environment and/or coupled to a high heat capacity material so as to delay changes in its temperature relative to temperature changes in its environment. The lag in temperature changes relative to the section that is exposed and thermally coupled to the environment creates the required temperature differential needed for the thermoelectric converter to operate. However, the need to include a heat capacity material and thermal insulation limits the practicality of such converters. Further, conversion effectiveness decreases as parasitic heat conduction through the device's structure becomes more and more overwhelming as the size of the device is reduced.
Accordingly, it is seen that a need remains for an energy converter that may operate in ambience for generating electricity. It is to the provision of such therefore that the present invention is primarily directed.


According to an embodiment of the present technology, there is provided an information processing device including an acquisition unit configured to acquire multiple images to which position information showing an imaging position is attached, and a display control unit configured to display a first map on which a pointer indicating the imaging position shown by the position information is displayed while switching a reduced scale and a display area according to an operation of a user, and configured to display a second map of a fixed reduced scale together with the first map while causing a display area to cooperate with a display area of the first map.

Recently, a portable terminal such as a digital camera mounting a GPS (Global Positioning System) sensor has become widespread. In a case where imaging is performed by a portable terminal having such a positioning function, information showing latitude and longitude in addition to information on the imaging date and time is attached to a file of image data as metadata.
Moreover, among applications that manage images, there is the one that displays a map in which a pointer is arranged in the imaging position of each image when an image file to which information on the imaging position is attached is imported. By this means, the user can view the image while confirming where the image is taken.

Information processing device, information processing method and program


Protective elements for an article of apparel may include a plate component and a cushioning component that are secured together by stitching which passes through the plate component. The cushioning component may include a pair of material layers and at least one pad located between the material layers. The plate component may include a polymer material and the pad may include a polymer foam material, with the polymer material of the plate element having greater rigidity and density than the polymer foam material of the pads. An attachment area may be formed on an outer perimeter of the plate component that is provided with a reduced thickness relative to adjacent areas of the plate component. An attachment element may be passed through the attachment area and at least one layer of the cushioning component thereby attaching the plate component to at least the one layer.

Articles of athletic apparel commonly incorporate elements that cushion or protect an athlete from contact with other athletes, equipment, or the ground. When the protective elements include multiple layers of dissimilar materials, attaching the layers together may be time consuming and require expensive manual labor. Therefore, there is a need in the art for new designs for protective elements and methods of making the protective elements.

Apparel incorporating a protective element and method for making


Systems and methods directed to providing a data security labeling framework at a first device are described. The system may include a storage area and at least one data labeler. The data labeler may be configured to locate one or more data instances, define one or more security attributes to be used under one or more different contexts, and apply a labeling to the located one or more data instances such that each label provided by the labeler includes or is otherwise associated with a plurality of security attributes.

Current data labeling systems are generally directed to single security application scenarios where security levels for data and corresponding security rules have previously been defined according to an existing or already defined standard. That is, a labeling system may define a data category, but may not provide a uniform way to define or locate a particular dataset in an existing category. For example, different columns in database tables and data fields in APIs with different names can exist in and/or as a same data category. Accordingly, a mechanism to associate data instances across an organization to the data category such instances fall into is needed.
Further, while one or more security levels for data may be defined for an organization, a data standard may not define the security polices related to how the processing of the data may be different at each different security level. That is, current data security standards only define a general security one-dimensional attribute for a policy. One-dimensional security attributes cannot cover all security requirements and scenarios for a policy and/or standard. As another example, privacy attributes may be defined and utilized; however, current data labeling systems cannot support additional security attributes. For example, a flat data labeling system is not expressive and cannot handle sophisticated context. As an example, an email address may refer to a user's email address that is registered with a service provider or may refer to an account name associated with a third-party social network. Thus, current labeling systems do not take account the context of data. What is needed therefore, is an extensible data labeling framework and/or language which supports different security applications and/or scenarios.

Unified data security labeling framework

Beijing Bytedance Network Technology Co., Ltd.