There is provided a white light emitting device that prevents a red phosphor from resorbing wavelength-converted light to improve white luminous efficiency. A white light emitting device according to an aspect of the invention includes a package body; at least two LED chips mounted to the package body and emitting excitation light; and a molding unit including phosphors, absorbing the excitation light and emitting wavelength-converted light, in regions of the molding unit divided according to the LED chips and molding the LED chips. According to the aspect of the invention, since the phosphor for converted red light can be prevented from resorbing light generated from other regions of the molding unit, the white light emitting device that can improve white luminous efficiency or control color rendering and color temperature by adjusting a mixing ratio of converted light for white light emission.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a white light emitting device, and more particularly, to a white light emitting device that prevents a red phosphor from resorbing wavelength-converted light to improve white luminous efficiency.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, a white light emitting diode (hereinafter, referred to as an "LED") is a semiconductor device package that displays white by forming a light source using a compound semiconductor materials, such as GaAs, AlGaAs, GaN, InGan, and AlGaInP.
In general, specifications that determine characteristics of the LED package include color, luminescence, a range of the intensity of luminescence, and the like. The characteristics of the LED package are primarily determined by compound semiconductor materials of the LED used in the LED package. Secondarily, the characteristics of the LED package are affected by a structure of the package used to mount an LED chip. In order to obtain high luminescence and luminescence distribution according to user's needs, the above-described primary factor, such as material development, has limits. Therefore, the package structure has received attention.
In particular, with the reduction in size, thickness, and weight of information and communication devices, components of the information and communication devices, for example, resistors, condensers, and noise filters, are increasingly reduced in size. Further, the components are directly mounted onto the surface of a PCB (printed circuit board), and devices so made are called surface mount devices (SMDs).
An LED package that is used as a display device is developed into an SMD LED package. This SMD LED package can replace the existing lighting lamp and is used as a character indicator, an image indicator, and a lighting indicator, which displays various colors.
As such, as the LED package is used in a wide range of applications, the amount of luminescence required for lamps for daily use or emergency signal lamps is increasing more and more. Recently, a high power white LED package has come into widespread use.
FIG. 1 is a view illustrating an example of a white LED package according to the related art.
As shown in FIG. 1, in an LED package according to the related, a reflection hole is formed in a PCB 20 so that an LED 21 is mounted in the reflection hole, a reflective coating layer 20-1 formed of Ag is formed inside the reflection hole, and the reflective coating layer 20-1 is connected to package electrodes 22 and 23 to apply power to the LED 21.
When the reflective coating layer 20-1 is formed on the PCB 20, the LED 21 is formed at a lower part of the reflection hole, and a P electrode and an N electrode of the LED 21 are electrically connected to the reflective coating layer 20-1.
When the LED 21 is mounted in the reflection hole, a cathode electrode 22 and an anode electrode 23 are formed at both sides of the reflective coating layer 20-1 by a solder bonding method. Then, a phosphor molding unit 24 that includes a red phosphor, a green phosphor, and a blue phosphor is injected into the reflection hole of the PCB 20 mounted with the LED 21 to inhibit oxidization and convert light generated from the LED 21 into white light.
The LED package then converts light generated from the LED 21 into white light in the phosphor molding unit 24 and emits the white light to the outside by a mold lens 25.
However, in the above assembled white LED package according to the related art, when the red phosphor, the blue phosphor, and the green phosphor that are mixed in the phosphor molding unit 24 absorb the light generated from the LED 21 and convert the light into light having corresponding wavelength to obtain white light emission, the red phosphor resorbs light of which wavelength is converted by the blue phosphor and the green phosphor, and thus luminous efficiency of white light emitted by the LED package is reduced.


The semiconductor device includes: a channel layer, a barrier layer, a first insulating film, and a second insulating film, each of which is formed above a substrate; a trench that penetrates the second insulating film, the first insulating film, and the barrier layer to reach the middle of the channel layer; and a gate electrode arranged in the trench and over the second insulating film via a gate insulating film. The bandgap of the second insulating film is smaller than that of the first insulating film, and the bandgap of the second insulating film is smaller than that of the gate insulating film GI. Accordingly, a charge (electron) can be accumulated in the second (upper) insulating film, thereby allowing the electric field strength at a corner of the trench to be improved. As a result, a channel is fully formed even at a corner of the trench, thereby allowing an ON-resistance to be reduced and an ON-current to be increased.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a manufacturing method of a semiconductor device, and can be preferably used in a semiconductor device using, for example, a nitride semiconductor and a manufacturing method thereof.
In recent years, semiconductor devices using group III-V compounds, each of which has a bandgap larger than that of Si, have attracted attention. Among them, semiconductor devices using gallium nitride (GaN) are being developed, because gallium nitride is a material having advantages that: 1) the breakdown electric field is large; 2) the electron saturation velocity is large; 3) the thermal conductivity is large; 4) a good heterojunction can be formed between AlGaN and GaN; 5) gallium nitride is non-poisonous and highly safe; and the like.
Further, semiconductor devices, each of which is a power MISFET (Metal Insulator Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) using gallium nitride because of its high withstand voltage and a high-speed switching characteristic and in each of which a normally-off operation can be performed, are being developed.
For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2013-118343 discloses a MIS-type compound semiconductor device adopting a gate recess structure. In this semiconductor device, a recess for a gate electrode is formed in an interlayer insulating film, a passivation film, and a compound semiconductor lamination.

Nitride semiconductor device using insulating films having different bandgaps to enhance performance


The identification of the HYAL1 hyaluronidase enzyme as a human plasma-derived myeloid colony-stimulating factor (CSF), designated CSF5-hyaluronidase, its recombinant production and methods of use are described. This protein may be used for the treatment of myelosuppression as may occur after irradiation, chemotherapy or other diseases where an increase in leukocyte levels may be beneficial. For example, CSF5-hyaluronidase may be used to enhance the immune response to viral infection or other diseases associated with immune suppression.

Colony stimulating factors are proteins capable of influencing the growth and differentiation of cells responsible for the cellular components of blood in the body. Colony Stimulating factors have traditionally been defined by their ability to stimulate growth of colonies of bone marrow cells in semi-solid media. Macrophage colony stimulating factors are a subclass of colony stimulating factors that play a role in the regulation of immune responses by potentiating the proliferation and differentiation of macrophages from immature hematopoietic progenitor cells, and inducing effector functions of mature macrophages including secretion of interferon-.gamma, tumor necrosis factor and non-M-CSF colony stimulating activities.
The ability of certain factors produced in very low concentration in a variety of tissues to stimulate the growth and development of bone marrow progenitor cells into granulocytes and/or macrophages has been known for many years. The presence of such factors in sera, urine samples, and tissue extracts from a number of species is demonstrable using assays which measure the stimulation of colony formation by bone marrow cells plated in semi-solid culture medium. There is no known in vivo assay. As these factors induce the formation of such colonies, the factors collectively have been called Colony Stimulating Factors (CSF).
Colony Stimulating Factors have been purified from a number of tissue sources and species. Japanese Pat. No. 8,020,599 teaches of a rat myoid cell derived colony-stimulating factor capable of stimulating rat thymic macrophages and migroglia cells. Some colony stimulating factors are species restricted in their activity, such that CSF's derived from one species may lack colony forming activity in distantly related species (Shanafelt et al J Biol Chem 1991 Jul. 25; 266(21): 13804-10).
It has been shown that there are at least three subclasses of human CSF proteins defined according to the types of cells found in the resultant colonies. One subclass, CSF-1 results in colonies containing predominantly macrophages. Other subclasses produce colonies of both neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages; which contain exclusively neutrophilic granulocytes; and which contain neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes and macrophages.
Treatment of patients suffering from AIDS with colony stimulating factors, alone or together with erythropoietin and/or an antiviral agent and/or IL-2, is reported in PCT W087/03204 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,482,485. These references teach that CSF can be used for a supporting role in the treatment of cancer. In addition, EP 118,915 reports production of CSF for preventing and treating granulocytopenia and macrophagocytopenia in patients receiving cancer therapy, for preventing infections, and for treating patients with implanted bone marrow. In addition, CSFs stimulate nonspecific tumoricidal activity (Ralph et al, Immunobiol 172:194-204, 1986). CSF has no immediate direct role in activation of macrophages for tumoricidal and microbiocidal activities against fibrosarcoma 1023, lymphoma 18-8, and L. tropica amastigotes (Ralph et al., 76:10-21, 1983). The combination of CSF-1 and lymphokine has an added tumoricidal effect on murine sarcoma TU5 targets (Ralph et al., Cell. Immunol. 105:270-279, 1987). Warren et al. (J Immunol. 137:2281-2285, 1986) disclose that CSFs stimulate monocyte production of interferon, TNF and colony stimulating activity. Lee et al. (J. Immunol. 138:3019-3022, 1987) disclose CSF-induced resistance to viral infection in murine macrophages.

Myeloid colony stimulating factor and uses thereof


An automatic compression brake muffler is provided including a muffler pipe. An auxiliary pipe is connected to the muffler pipe and defines passages which are offset from the muffler pipe. Next provided is a mechanical valve having an open orientation for allowing the passage of air through the entire muffler pipe and a closed orientation for precluding the passage of air through the entire muffler pipe and further forcing air through the auxiliary pipe. Finally, a mechanism is included for transferring the mechanical valve to the closed orientation only when a compression brake is actuated.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to muffler systems and more particularly pertains to a new automatic compression brake muffler for abating noise associated with compression brakes thus allowing associated vehicles to be used in noise sensitive areas.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of muffler systems is known in the prior art. More specifically, muffler systems heretofore devised and utilized are known to consist basically of familiar, expected and obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art which have been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements.
Known prior art muffler systems include U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,429; U.S. Pat. No. 4,904,165; U.S. Pat. No. 5,207,564; U.S. Pat. No. 4,404,799; U.S. Pat. No. 5,288,211; and U.S. Patent Des. No. 267,968.
In these respects, the automatic compression brake muffler according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of abating noise associated with compression brakes thus allowing associated vehicles to be used in noise sensitive areas.


An apparatus can include a detector configured to detect a burst event for a selected frequency of a digital input signal having a predetermined bandwidth. The detector can provide a burst trigger, in response to detecting the burst event relative to a threshold, and provide other burst data for the detected burst event. A signal analyzer can be configured to measure signal information for another selected frequency of the digital input signal in response to the burst trigger. The signal analyzer can provide corresponding analysis data based on the measured signal information, the burst trigger, the other burst data, and the corresponding analysis data can be stored in memory.

Signal analysis is performed to extract useful information that is carried by an electrical signal. This information can include parameters, such as amplitude, magnitude, frequency, power and power spectrum, distortion, harmonics and the like. Signal analyzers can be used in a variety of circumstances to measure signal parameters as to characterize transmitters and the transmission path along which the signal propagates. As an example, a receiver in a cable modem termination system (CMTS) head end can receive signals from one or more cable modems along a reverse path. The reverse path signals are subject to hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) impulse burst noise impairments due to external factors, such as electric motors, welders, switching events in the power mains and the like. The funneling nature of the reverse path in the HFC plant can further exacerbate these factors at the CMTS receiver.


A geometric data processing apparatus which can determine whether a specific component of a three-dimensional model has changed, display two-dimensional images of the specific component and neighboring components thereof, and indicate whether the change in the specific component influences the images of the neighboring components.

Machine products are manufactured by combining multiple parts and/or units. The parts and/or units are defined by location and/or section, and arranged in a parts catalog with assigned numbers for ordering and management.
The production of a parts catalog typically entails disassembly of the machine, preparation of exploded diagrams with illustrations of the parts, identification of the parts by assigning respective identification numbers with leaders and notes, and preparation of an order numbers list showing order numbers corresponding to the assigned identification numbers. The above production method involves high cost and high skill for the preparation of the illustrations and exploded diagrams. The process may be partly carried out in an automatic manner. However, even a partly automated production is manually finished by an operator to improve the page layout and the appearance of the catalog. Moreover, when changes are made to a part of the product, those changes may impel not only revision of the illustrations of that part, but also revision of the illustrations of other neighboring and associated parts.
To order a part using a parts catalog containing illustrations and exploded diagrams, a user typically performs a process of locating the intended part in an exploded diagram to obtain the part number, writing down the part identification number, and searching the order numbers list for an order number corresponding to the part number. This process is prone to errors, which may result in an order for a wrong part.
As can be seen, there is a general need for parts catalogs systems that aid an operator's comprehension of a particular part, such as when revising a parts catalog in view of changes to that particular part or when ordering that particular part. Various systems have been designed to aid an operator's comprehension of the parts within a parts catalog.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 06-176085 provides a parts catalog system in which prepared images and attribute information of parts are respectively stored in files. The graphical information and attribute information is recorded as image data and text data, respectively, to form a database used to create a parts list. Some of the attribute information is used to establish a hierarchical relationship between the parts, which improves the operator's general understanding of their organization.
In another example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-167922 provides a parts catalog system in which spatial relationships are established between the parts. In this system, an operator may select a desired part from an image of a plurality of parts forming an assembly. When the operator selects one of the assembled parts displayed on a terminal screen, the parts catalog system displays another part relevant to the selected part on the terminal screen, such that the operator may better distinguish between the parts.
As will be evident to those skilled in the art, though conventional parts catalog systems address the need to aid an operator's comprehension of parts within a parts catalog, they do not adequately address the need for a more in depth understanding of such parts.

Method, apparatus, and system for processing geometric data of assembled parts


A device for the pressurization and evacuation of a gas in a bottle, in order to approximate the unopened (ambient) conditions of a previous gaseous state in said bottle. Two units comprise this system, namely a charging unit and a sealing-valve unit. When the charging unit is coupled to the sealing-valve unit three functions can be performed. The first is a priming function where the bottle is partially evacuated of its ambient air and replaced with a gas from a cartridge. The second is a charging function where the primed bottle is pressurized with the same gas type or mixture from the pressurized gas cartridge. The third is an evacuating function where the charged bottle can be bled of gas to achieve the approximate ambient condition of an unopened bottle. This function is used when a bottle is overcharged and a lower pressure is desired.

1. Field of the Invention
This application relates to the process of pressurizing and evacuating the gas contents of a container and, more particularly, to liquid filled containers.
2. Prior Art
Devices for carbonating beverages in the home have been known for some time. They provide the consumer with an inexpensive means of carbonating normally flat beverages, such as water, juices, etc., to make home-made soda.
Commonly, home carbonators employ a pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2) cartridge with a seal at one end that is punctured to release a gas into a container or bottle in order to carbonate the beverage within. The CO2 within the cartridge is stored at pressures up to approximately 850 psi, and thus the bottle for storing the liquid to be carbonated must be a fairly heavy, thick-walled apparatus. Such systems were and are commonly used to make seltzer water. However, such heavy pressure bottles are expensive and relatively awkward to handle.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,395,940 to Child, et al. discloses an appliance for making an aerated beverage utilizing a source of carbon dioxide and a pressure regulating valve to limit the pressure within the bottle to a predetermined pressure limit, at which point the source CO2 gas is vented with a whistling sound. This appliance has several drawbacks, not the least of which is the wasteful venting of the source gas upon reaching the predetermined pressure. Additionally, the device is housed in a relatively cumbersome package, which precludes easy portability.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,867,209 issued to Santoiemmo, a portable carbonating device is shown having a pressurizer with an internal regulator for attaching to the top of a liquid-filled bottle to dispense CO2 therein. The CO2 is supplied from a disposable cartridge, which is pierced by a needle to deliver gas through the regulator valve and into the bottle. The regulator valve is mounted within a housing which has internal threads for mating with the external threads of the bottle and also a series of external threads on the upper end for mating with a cartridge-enclosing cap. In an alternative embodiment, the device utilizes a tire needle valve for retaining the CO2 within the cartridge between uses. However, after introducing CO2 to a bottle containing a liquid, it is intended that the entire device remain on the bottle for the pressure above the liquid to be maintained until the liquid has absorbed the CO2. The device cannot be removed, for example, to pressurize a different bottle since that would release the pressure above the liquid, thus defeating the purpose of the device.
In addition to a device which carbonates otherwise flat beverages, a need exists for a simple device to re-pressurize carbonated beverages after they have been opened by the consumer. Currently, carbonated beverages are sold in a variety of containers, ranging from 10-ounce to bulk-size one-, two- and three-liter thin walled plastic bottles. For the consumer, the most cost-efficient size is the large economy bottle. However, unless the contents are consumed quickly, the quality of the carbonation is greatly reduced, as the CO2 gas above the liquid escapes every time the bottle cap is opened. The CO2 within the liquid then bubbles out due to the reduced CO2 vapor pressure above the surface of the liquid, causing the remaining beverage to go flat. Commonly, a portion of the remaining flat contents is thrown away. It would be desirable to be able to recharge these economy-size soda bottles with CO2 in order to maintain the carbonation of the beverage. A carbonation apparatus in this case would need to limit the pressure level within the plastic bottle to pressures on the order of 70 psi in order to ensure the plastic does not rupture.
A relatively recent device tried to tackle these problems. U.S. Pat. No. 5,329,975 issued to Heitel, disclosed an apparatus comprised of 2 components. A CO2 bicycle tire inflator and a bicycle tire Schrader valve hermetically sealed to a 2-liter bottle cap. This device addressed the heavy and awkward problem, the wasteful gas problem (to a degree), and the device removal problem. The device also used a regulated trigger to limit the pressure level within the plastic bottle to 70 psi. Not withstanding these advances, many flaws still exist with the device and its stated purpose.
The stated purpose of said device was "a simple device to re-pressurize carbonated beverages after they have been opened by the consumer". However, this may not be achieved, simply, by re-injecting the bottle with CO2. When carbonated soda is made, commercially, the pre-carbonated beverage is fed into a large device that brings the pre-carbonated beverage to a specific temperature and pressure. At this temperature and pressure, pure CO2, surrounding the beverage, dissolves naturally into the beverage. The carbonated beverage is then injected into waiting bottles at ambient temperature and pressure, and is then capped. Incidentally, a small amount of ambient air creeps into the mostly CO2 gas pocket above the beverage before it is capped. Thus, the ambient conditions of an unopened bottle of soda contain mostly CO2 and some ambient N2 and O2 (disregarding trace gasses).
When the bottle of soda is opened and consumed (½ of the bottle consumed for illustration purposes) a lot of things happen. The CO2, in solution, begins to come out of solution under a different temperature and pressure. When the bottle is capped, a large amount of ambient air is locked in the bottle. Once capped, the remaining CO2, in solution, keeps releasing from solution until it creates an equilibrium with the new ambient gas. The remaining CO2, both released from solution and remaining in solution adjusts to the new temperature and pressure of the bottle. Also, the new gas and liquid within the capped bottle are not static. Large amounts of N2 and O2, in the new gas, continuously mix with the soda. Dissolved N2 seems to have a minimal effect on the carbonation and taste of a soda (shown through experimentation). However, dissolved O2 tends to make the beverage flat (shown through experimentation)—likely through dissolved O2 displacement of dissolved CO2 or a breakdown of the carbonic acid in solution.
At first blush, Heitel's apparatus seems to work. However, Heitel's apparatus contains no feature to evacuate the ambient gas in the opened bottle before it is pressurized with CO2. In Heitel's apparatus, ambient air is trapped and pressurized along with the CO2 allowing the pressurized ambient air to degrade the taste and consistency (or "fizz") of the beverage. A priming function (combination of both pressurization and evacuation functions) is necessary to achieve the correct gas type in the bottle.
Along with the inability of Heitel's apparatus to evacuate the ambient gas from the bottle, it is also unable to discharge an over-pressurization of the bottle in a controlled manner. Pressure exceeding the original bottles unopened condition tends to over saturate the beverage with CO2. Over-saturation leads to larger bubble and, to use the vernacular, a mouth full of foam. It is paramount, that the original pressure level of the unopened bottle is duplicated in order to approximate the gas conditions of an unopened bottle.
A more subtle problem exists with Heitel's pressure regulating system in that it is not adjustable. Heitel's pressure regulating system can be factory set to automatically charge just under the safety threshold of 70 psi, a carbonating pressure of about 60 psi, or an equilibrium pressure of about 55 psi. However, it cannot adjust between these levels in the field. This is due to the type and tension of the spring inserted in the button. The automatic pressure level can only be adjusted through spring replacement. Spring replacement would probably have to be done at the factory. Furthermore, automatic pressure setting adjustments for altitude, ambient air pressure, ambient temperature and differing unopened bottle pressures (by brand and bottling company) cannot be adjusted for in the field.
Another problem with Heitel's apparatus is that the patent suggests injection of pure CO2. Stated previously, the gas and the soda are not in a static state after the cap is put on. The gas and the soda continue to mix with each other, unseen. When a half empty bottle is injected with pure CO2, a huge amount of pressurized CO2 is introduced (not present in the small space above the soda in an unopened bottle). This CO2 starts to mix with the soda at the wrong pressure and temperature. What you get is over-saturation of CO2 (similar to an over-pressure) and the drink becomes super fizzy when it hits the tongue. Again, you get a mouth full of foam. Thus, pure CO2 injection is probably not the answer to preserving the "fizz" in a previously opened bottle of soda. A mixture of gasses such as N2 and CO2 will work better to maintain the "fizz" at a level similar to an unopened bottle (shown through experimentation).
Finally, Heitel's apparatus does not have a gage to monitor the pressure of the gas in the bottle. Heitel does make reference to a gage but it is inoperable in his embodiment. A gage is also paramount. The goal is to achieve a gas pressure, as close to the ambient gas pressure, of an unopened bottle. A gage is necessary to achieve the correct pressure. A pressurization function and an evacuation function are necessary to achieve the correct pressure. Additionally and previously stated, a priming function (combination of both pressurization and evacuation functions) is also necessary to achieve the correct gas type in the bottle.
In a related field, wine also requires a device for the pressurization and evacuation of a gas in a wine bottle in order to approximate the unopened ambient conditions of a previous gas in said wine bottle. Devices similar to Heitel's invention are also in use in the wine industry. A device that is able to evacuate the wine bottle of ambient air, and replace it with a gas, such as Argon, would be beneficial. Also, a device, able to leave the near pure argon in the wine bottle at atmospheric pressure, would be beneficial. Such a device, would release overpressure, through its evacuation function. A fine wine, under pressure, is frowned upon in the wine community. A need may exist here.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,530,401 is a device, contemplated, for the low pressure, priming of wine or Champaign bottles using nitrogen. It uses an electronic charging head coupled to a stopper with a bottle securing device. The charging head is meant to be mounted to a bar or large heavy object for proper charging. The special stopper and the bottle securing device, necessarily, sit high above the bottle making it difficult to set the bottle vertically in a commercial refrigerator without hitting the shelf above. The device uses a special elastic disk that is circular and inefficient. When the stopper is removed from the charging head, the bottle loses at least 0.3-0.6 bar of pressure during the uncoupling. This is unacceptable for high pressure, precision priming, charging, and evacuating. A device is needed to achieve a gas pressure as close as possible to the ambient gas pressure of an unopened bottle. A device is needed that will obtain variances of 0.01-0.02 bar when a charging head is removed from a sealing device. Also, the special elastic disk, by design, is prone to "blow out" at higher pressures. The device illustrated in this patent is relatively complicated, heavy and inefficient and is therefore uneconomical for household use.
In summary, a need exists for an improved hand-held device for the pressurization and evacuation of a gas in a bottle in order to approximate the unopened ambient conditions of a previous gaseous state in said bottle.

Apparatus for the pressurization and evacuation of a container


An instruction preload instruction executed in a first processor instruction set operating mode is operative to correctly preload instructions in a different, second instruction set. The instructions are pre-decoded according to the second instruction set encoding in response to an instruction set preload indicator (ISPI). In various embodiments, the ISPI may be set prior to executing the preload instruction, or may comprise part of the preload instruction or the preload target address.

The present invention relates generally to the field of processors and in particular to a system and method for pre-loading instructions and pre-decoding the pre-loaded instructions according to an instruction set other than a currently executing instruction set.
Microprocessors perform computational tasks in a wide variety of applications. Improved processor performance is almost always desirable, to allow for faster operation and/or increased functionality through software enhancements. By exploiting both architectural advances, such as RISC architectures, and advances in semiconductor technology, many modern processors execute at clock speeds much higher than memory chips, such as DRAM and SDRAM. To minimize the penalty of relatively slow memory accesses, these processors utilize a hierarchical memory structure, with fast, on-chip cache memories storing local copies of data and instructions that have been recently accessed and/or that the processor anticipates (via software) accessing in the near future.
One example of anticipating loads to an instruction cache is a preload instruction (e.g., the ARM instruction PLI). A preload instruction loads instructions into the instruction cache in advance of their execution. A programmer may insert a preload instruction into code somewhat ahead of a known or anticipated branch, such as a subroutine call, to a target. The preload instruction loads instructions at the target into the instruction cache, so that when the branch executes, instructions at the target are available in the cache for immediate execution. Instructions to be loaded into a cache in response to a preload instruction are referred to herein as pre-loaded instructions.
Most modern processors employ a pipelined architecture, where sequential instructions are overlapped in execution to increase overall processor throughput. Maintaining smooth execution through the pipeline is critical to achieving high performance. One pipeline optimization technique known in the art is pre-decoding instructions. Instructions are examined as they are read from memory, are partially decoded, and some information about the instructions—known as pre-decode information—is stored in an instruction cache along with the associated instructions. When the instructions are later fetched into the pipeline from the cache, the pre-decode information is also fetched, and is used to assist in fully decoding the instructions. Pre-decode information may, for example, identify branch and floating-point instructions, identify the length of an instruction in a variable-length instruction set architecture, or other information useful in executing the instructions in the pipeline.
Some modern processors are able to execute instructions according to two or more instruction set encodings. For example, a processor may have a 32-bit native instruction set, and additionally include the ability to execute. Java byte codes. As another example, several versions of the ARM processor architecture execute 32-bit ARM instruction encodings in an ARM instruction set operating mode, and 16-bit or 32-bit Thumb instruction encodings in a Thumb instruction set operating mode. Programmers explicitly set the proper instruction set operating mode in software, prior to executing instructions according to the relevant instruction set encoding.
When a conventional processor having a pre-decoder executes a preload instruction, the pre-loaded instructions are pre-decoded according to the current instruction set operating mode. If a programmer wishes to preload instructions in an instruction set different from the current processor instruction set operating mode—for example in anticipation of a branch to code section written in a different instruction set—he must change the instruction set mode prior to executing the preload instruction.
For example, a program executing ARM instructions in ARM mode may change to Thumb mode and branch to a code segment executing only Thumb instructions. To preload the Thumb instructions with correct pre-decoding, the program must switch the current processor instruction set operating mode from ARM to Thumb, execute a preload instruction with the target address of the Thumb code, then switch back to ARM mode to execute the remaining ARM instructions, prior to the branch into the Thumb code section.
Failure to enter Thumb mode to execute the preload instruction would cause the pre-decoder to incorrectly pre-decode the pre-loaded Thumb instructions according to ARM instruction set encodings. If this occurred, when fetched from the instruction cache the pre-decode information would be useless and the Thumb instructions would have to be re-fetched, incurring a delay that the preload was meant to obviate. In addition, in an instruction cache having an ARM/Thumb bit as part of the tag, the re-fetched Thumb instructions would be allocated a separate cache line, and the Thumb instructions incorrectly pre-decoded as ARM instructions would remain in the cache, wasting cache space and hence lowering the cache hit rate and system performance.
In many processors, the overhead involved in switching the current processor instruction set operating mode twice to execute a single preload instruction may outweigh the benefit of pre-loading instructions in the anticipated instruction set.

System, method and software to preload instructions from an instruction set other than one currently executing


A “Super Floss” and expanding floss carrier which is held in a hand in a similar fashion to the way a toothbrush is held. It has a handle, which can hold extra “Super Floss” and expanding floss and act as a floss dispenser. It is wider in the center of the handle area and becomes narrow toward the ends of the handle. At the end of the floss carrier where it enters a mouth is a funnel, which is wider at the end closest to the handle and narrow toward the tip. The tip is curved so that it can point in between teeth to allow “Super Floss” and expanding floss to be directed between teeth. Fingers are used to direct floss from the dispenser portion of the floss carrier to the funnel portion of the carrier so that the “Super Floss and expanding floss can be then directed into a mouth.

Ever since people have had teeth, there has been a need to care for the teeth to prevent the teeth from forming cavities and to prevent gum disease around the teeth. For many years, attempts have been made to care for teeth to reduce the possibility of developing cavities in the teeth and to prevent gum disease. During the normal aging process or when numerous dental restorations are present in a mouth, it becomes hard to properly care for teeth due to destruction of bone surrounding teeth and due to contours in dental restorations that are not natural. When bone loss occurs over time around teeth, spaces around teeth become larger and harder to keep clean. When a dental prosthesis is placed in the mouth known as a dental fixed bridge, the flossing surfaces of the teeth involved with the bridge are no longer easily accessible. Dental braces present another obstacle to inhibit easy care of teeth to prevent decay or gum disease. When dental braces are in place, it is very hard to clean teeth thoroughly because the braces form a barrier to prevent proper cleaning of the teeth. Fixed wire retainers placed on most front teeth after dental braces are completed prevent traditional floss from being used to clean between teeth where fixed wire retainers are placed. Arthritis and other decreases in dexterity of the hands can prevent proper cleaning of teeth. Access to the teeth with proper cleaning tools is a major problem due to the inability to place hands into the mouth in a proper position to allow cleaning of the teeth. Small mouth openings and large hands present more of a barrier against properly cleaned teeth.
Toothbrushes, floss, water flossers, and toothpicks have all been used for many years to clean teeth. In recent years, flossers with pre-loaded dental floss, proxabrushes, and interdental picks have been used to clean teeth. "Super Floss" from Oral-B and expanding floss with widened flossing surface area have been used to allow the floss to clean wider spaces most effectively and to clean areas underneath fixed bridges and around braces most effectively. Floss threaders are also used with a needle and thread method to thread floss between teeth. Most recently, floss threaders with thick floss attached to it has been manufactured in an attempt to floss through the areas inaccessible by traditional floss and areas needed to be cleaned by a wider flossing surface.
Prior art tooth cleaning devices do not work adequately when bone loss is present around teeth and around fixed bridges where access is limited. Braces are very hard to clean around with prior art aids. Floss threaders, "Super Floss" and expanding floss are useful in the front of the mouth, but are very hard to utilize with teeth beyond the front teeth due to the inability to get these cleaning aids to the back teeth. Water flossers are messy due to water spray that occurs while using them. Water flossers also do not provide the cleaning efficiency of "Super Floss" and expanding floss, due to the lack of a cloth type surface pulling debris off teeth.


A Medical Device Application (MDA) operates on the mobile device to temporarily configure it into a known secure configuration for use as an external controller, and to prevent operation of the mobile device inconsistent with this function. In particular, the MDA operates to (1) disable or reconfigure hardware modules, and/or (2) terminate or suspend software tasks, that might corrupt operation of the mobile device as an external controller. The MDA can comprise an application (“app”) that the patient can download onto his mobile device and run to initialize the mobile device into the known secure configuration. The MDA also preferably provides a graphical user interface to allow a user to communicate with the implantable medical device using the now-secure mobile device. After using the mobile device to communicate with the implantable medical device, the MDA can be exited and the mobile device returned to its original configuration.

Implantable stimulation devices deliver electrical stimuli to nerves and tissues for the therapy of various biological disorders, such as pacemakers to treat cardiac arrhythmia, defibrillators to treat cardiac fibrillation, cochlear stimulators to treat deafness, retinal stimulators to treat blindness, muscle stimulators to produce coordinated limb movement, spinal cord stimulators to treat chronic pain, cortical and deep brain stimulators (DBS) to treat motor and psychological disorders, and other neural stimulators to treat urinary incontinence, sleep apnea, shoulder subluxation, etc. The description that follows will generally focus on the use of the invention within a Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) system, such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,516,227. However, the present invention may find applicability with any implantable medical device or in any implantable medical device system.
As shown in FIG. 1, a SCS system typically includes an Implantable Pulse Generator (IPG) 10, which includes a biocompatible device case 12 formed of titanium, for example. The case 12 typically holds the circuitry and battery 14 necessary for the IPG to function. The IPG 10 is coupled to electrodes 16 via one or more electrode leads 18 (two of which are shown). The electrodes 16 are coupled to the IPG 10 at one or more lead connectors 20 fixed in a header 22, which can comprise an epoxy for example. In the illustrated embodiment, there are sixteen electrodes, although the number of leads and electrodes is application specific and therefore can vary. In a SCS application, two electrode leads 18 are typically implanted on the right and left side of the dura within the patient's spinal cord. The proximal ends of the leads 18 are then tunneled through the patient's flesh to a distant location, such as the buttocks, where the IPG case 12 is implanted, at which point they are coupled to the lead connector(s) 20.
FIG. 2A shows a front view of an external controller 50 for communicating with the IPG 10, and FIG. 2B shows the external controller 50 and IPG 10 in cross section. Two coils (antennas) are generally present in the IPG 10: a telemetry coil 24 used to transmit/receive data via a wireless communications link 75 to/from the external controller 50; and a charging coil 26 for charging or recharging the IPG's battery 14 using an external charger (not shown). These and other components 25 necessary for IPG operation are electrically coupled to a circuit board 23. The telemetry coil 24 can be mounted within the header 22 of the IPG 10, or can be located within the case 12 as shown.
The external controller 50, such as a hand-held programmer or a clinician's programmer, is used to send or adjust the therapy settings the IPG 10 will provide to the patient (such as which electrodes 16 are active, whether such electrodes sink and source current, and the duration, frequency, and amplitude of pulses formed at the electrodes, etc.). The external controller 50 can also act as a receiver of data from the IPG 10, such as various data reporting on the IPG's status and the level of the IPG 10's battery 14. The external controller 50 is itself powered by a battery 52, but could also be powered by plugging it into a wall outlet for example. A user interface similar to that used for a cell phone is provided to operate the external controller 50, including buttons 54 and a display 58. The external controller 50 also includes a telemetry coil 56. These and other components 59 necessary for IPG operation are electrically coupled to a circuit board 57.
Wireless data transfer between the IPG 10 and the external controller 50 typically takes place via magnetic inductive coupling between coils 24 and 56, each of which can act as the transmitter or the receiver to enable two-way communication between the two devices. A Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) protocol can be used to send data between the two coils 24 and 56 via link 75. Although use of an FSK protocol in legacy systems is discussed below, use of this protocol is not universal, and other protocols employing different forms of modulation can be used to communicate between an external controller and an IPG, as one skilled in the art understands. Telemetry of data can occur transcutaneously though a patient's tissue 80.
Historically, external medical devices such as external controller 50 have been built by the manufacturer of the IPGs, and thus such external devices are generally dedicated to only communicate with such IPGs. The inventor has realized that there are many commercial mobile devices, such as mobile cell phones and multi-function tablets, that have the necessary configurable hardware and software to function as an external controller for an IPG or other implantable medical device. Using such mobile devices as external controllers for an implantable medical device would benefit both manufacturers and end users: manufacturers would not need to build dedicated external controllers that end users must buy, and end users could control their IPGs without the inconvenience of having to carry additional custom external controllers.
However, there are problems with this solution. Mobile devices are often configured with necessary hardware and software to communicate with other devices using short-range protocols, such as Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Near Field Communication (NFC), Zigbee, and WiFi, as well as by using long-range cellular telephony protocols, any of which can be used to ultimately wireless connect the mobile device to the Internet or other network. While such communication channels allow for communication with an implantable medical device, they also render mobile devices less secure than traditional dedicated external controllers, particularly because they are prone to cyber attack, to computer viruses or malware, or to other intentional forms corruption. The multi-functional nature of mobile devices also makes them more prone to unintentional corruption, as their complicated nature may simply cause them to function improperly, even if they haven't been intentionally corrupted. Thus, if mobile devices are used as medical devices to communicate with implantable devices, there is an increased risk that the implantable medical device could be mis-programmed and potentially injure a patient.
Further, external medical devices are governed by FDA regulations such as 21 C.F.R. 820, which set forth requirements for class III medical devices such as external controllers. These rules require levels of safety and security that a mobile device may not meet for the reasons just explained.

Medical device application for configuring a mobile device into an external controller for an implantable medical device

Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation


A venue display system has a server that communicates with a box and includes a processor. A content server is part of a screen management system (SMS). A venue display management system, a digital projector, and a storage device are provided. The system provides a timeline of media content to be triggered.

Field of the Invention:
The present invention relates generally to venue displays, and more particularly to systems and associated methods that have a timeline of media content to be triggered, which initiates actions at a precise moment in time that allows a distribution of information to viewers of media content requesting a modification of media content from a venue display.
Description of the Related Art:
A DCI-compliant digital cinema screen requires a digital projector and a computer known as a "server".
Movies are supplied to the theatre as a digital file called a Digital Cinema Package (DCP). For a typical feature film this file will be anywhere between 90 and 300 GB of data (roughly two to six times the information of a Blu-ray disc) and may arrive as a physical delivery on a conventional computer hard-drive or via satellite or fiber-optic broadband. Currently (December 2013) physical deliveries are most common and have become the industry standard. Trailers arrive on a separate hard-drive and range between 200 and 400 MB in size.
Regardless of how the DCP arrives it first needs to be copied onto the internal hard-drives of the server, usually via a USB port, a process known as "ingesting". DCPs can be, and in the case of feature films almost always are, encrypted. The necessary decryption keys are supplied separately, usually as email attachments and then "ingested" via USB. Keys are time limited and will expire after the end of the period for which the title has been booked. They are also locked to the hardware (server and projector) that is to screen the film, so if the theatre wishes to move the title to another screen or extend the run a new key must be obtained from the distributor.
The playback of the content is controlled by the server using a "playlist". As the name implies this is a list of all the content that is to be played as part of the performance. The playlist is created by a member of the theatre's staff using proprietary software that runs on the server. In addition to listing the content to be played the playlist also includes automation cues that allow the playlist to control the projector, the sound system, auditorium lighting, tab curtains and screen masking (if present) etc. The playlist can be started manually, by clicking the "play" button on the server's monitor screen, or automatically at pre-set times.
Since 2005, more than 125,000 display venue screens have been digitized on the planet using D-Cinema technology per DCI specifications. This is a worldwide success which allowed replacing annual $1.5 billion of 35 mm positive print rolls by file download or disking delivery for few % of the print costs. Those 125,000 D-Cinema screens operating 7×7 have proven the reliability of the workflow making the DCI specifications a successful industry defacto standard.
Using D-Cinema in private locations would make the right owners (The Studios) concerned about potential misusage of secured D-Cinema servers without any strong surveillance.
There is a need for systems and associated methods that have a timeline of media content to be triggered, which initiates actions at a precise moment in time that allows a distribution of information to viewers of media content requesting a modification of media content from a venue display. There is a further need for systems and associated methods where large channels of bidirectional contents are managed in real time from mobile devices to a main screen of a venue display as well as from the main screen of the venue display to mobile devices.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

System and method for modifying media content from a display venue


Provided is an organic light-emitting device capable of cutting an organic light-emitting device panel while suppressing peeling and crack of a sealing layer in a step of cutting the organic light-emitting device panel in which an inorganic sealing layer is formed. The organic light-emitting device includes a substrate having an end portion which includes a divided portion formed by division of the substrate, and an inorganic sealing layer having an end portion including a divided portion formed by division of the inorganic sealing layer, wherein the divided portion of the inorganic sealing layer is positioned on an inner side of a plane of the organic light-emitting device than the divided portion of the substrate.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an organic light-emitting device used for a flat device display and the like, and to a manufacturing method therefor.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, as a flat panel display, an organic light-emitting device which is a self-emitting device has been focused. The organic light-emitting device includes at least an organic light-emitting element (organic electroluminescence device (organic EL device)) having a stacked-layer structure in which a first electrode, an organic compound layer, and a second electrode are stacked in mentioned order on a substrate. The organic light-emitting element is liable to be deteriorated in characteristics by water or oxygen. Peeling of the organic compound layer and an electrode layer is caused by a small amount of water, which leads to generation of a dark spot. For this reason, a lifetime of the organic light-emitting element is ensured by covering the organic light-emitting device with an etching glass cover, bonding the periphery thereof with a sealant, inserting a moisture absorbent to an inside thereof, and absorbing water entering from a sealed plane with the moisture absorbent.
In order to achieve an organic light-emitting device reduced in thickness and space by using the organic light-emitting element, it is necessary to reduce a space for the moisture absorbent in the vicinity of a light-emitting region. As a method of sealing the organic light-emitting device without requiring the moisture absorbent, there is a method of stacking a sealing layer on the second electrode of the organic light-emitting element, which requires a sealing layer with high functions for preventing water or oxygen from entering the organic compound layer.
As a specific example of the sealing layer of the organic light-emitting device, there are proposed a silicon nitride oxide layer formed by using a CVD method or a sputtering method, and a sealing layer having ceramics and an organic layer stacked therein. By the use of the sealing layer including those inorganic layers, it is possible to prevent water or oxygen from entering the organic compound layer.
In manufacturing the organic light-emitting device as described above, a plurality of organic light-emitting devices are produced on a large substrate, and then the large substrate is cut into each unit organic light-emitting device, in view of reducing manufacturing costs.
The following is proposed as a method of cutting the large substrate on which the multiple organic light-emitting devices are formed into the each unit organic light-emitting device.
Japanese Patent No. 3042192 discloses an invention which reduces damage to a substrate in a cutting step by subsequently scribing and breaking a liquid crystal display plate from both surfaces thereof in the cutting of the bonded substrate.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-181825 discloses an invention which eliminates a cutting failure of an organic EL base substrate by forming a pressure transferring portion for transferring a pressing force obtained in a breaking step from one substrate to the other substrate when many organic EL panels are produced with one organic EL base substrate.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-352951 discloses a structure in which a sealing member made of glass and having a plurality of sealing recessed portions formed corresponding to arrangement of an organic EL layer is adhered to a substrate through an adhesive layer. Then, the substrate is cut in the middle of the plurality of sealing recessed portions, and the sealing member is cut at a position closer to the organic EL layer than a cutting position of the substrate.
However, unlike the case of arranging the glass sealing member formed in the manner as in the above-mentioned patent documents on the organic light-emitting element, in a case where the sealing layer is divided after the sealing layer containing an inorganic layer is formed on the organic light-emitting element, peeling and crack of the sealing layer are likely to occur when the sealing layer is divided. In particular, in a case where a member having the organic light-emitting element and the inorganic sealing layer formed on the substrate (organic light-emitting device panel) is divided, by using a general scribing method, at once from the sealing layer side or from the substrate side, peeling or crack of the sealing layer is likely to be generated at the divided position. As a result of the generation of peeling and crack of the sealing layer, water or a gas component enters the organic compound layer, which leads to light emission degradation. Japanese Patent No. 3042192 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-181825 do not disclose countermeasures for suppressing the generation of peeling and crack of the inorganic sealing layer at the divided position.

Organic light-emitting device and manufacturing method therefor


A gumming device wherein a gumming roller is fitted in rotary manner to a frame so as to rotate about its own longitudinal axis, and presents a substantially cylindrical outer surface for receiving an adhesive substance; a scraper element is positioned substantially contacting the outer surface and downstream, in a traveling direction of the outer surface, from a device for supplying the adhesive substance, to remove the adhesive substance from the outer surface; and the scraper element is guided in a direction crosswise to the longitudinal axis of the gumming roller by a guide device, and is moved along the guide device by an elastic push device for automatically taking up any slack between the scraper element and the outer surface of the gumming roller.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a gumming device.
More specifically, the present invention relates to a gumming device of the type comprising a frame; a gumming roller fitted to the frame to rotate about its own longitudinal axis, and presenting a substantially cylindrical outer surface for receiving an adhesive substance; supply means for feeding the adhesive substance on to said outer surface; and a scraping device comprising a scraper element substantially contacting, and for removing the adhesive substance from, said outer surface.
2. Discussion of the Background
Devices of the above type are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,991,708, 3,996,890 and EP-A-O 534 664, in which the scraping device is connected directly to a tank or cavity facing and closed by the outer surface of the gumming roller and housing a given quantity of adhesive substance, and the scraping device defines one end of the tank and forms a sealing element, fixed or movable in relation to the tank, between the tank and the outer surface of the gumming roller.
Known gumming devices of the above type, wherein the scraping device substantially forms a portion of the tank, have proved critical at high operating speed, due to vibration of the tank resulting in corresponding vibration of the scraping device and hence in uncontrolled quantities of adhesive substance being emitted from the tank, and due to the scraping device controlling the emission of adhesive substance, as opposed to the quantity of adhesive substance already emitted from the tank. In other words, the scraping device acts as a poorly controllable tap for supplying the adhesive substance from the tank, as opposed to a precision device for controlling the thickness of the adhesive substance already fed on to the outer surface of the gumming roller.

Azionaria Costruzioni Macchine Automatiche A.C.M.A. S.p.A.


A boxer-type swim suit for a water skier in which the suit has at least one rear panel, a liner attached thereto along a waistband, a band attached to the rear panel and an elongated strip having its upper edge joined to the rear panel and its lower edge joined to the liner. The elongated strip and band define opposing sides of a vent which extends across substantially the entire width of the rear portion of the swim suit. The vent allows first water and then air to escape which would otherwise be trapped below the waistband of a water skier's swim suit. Both the strip and band are disposed generally parallel to an edge of the waistband and proximate thereto and are joined to each other along a plurality of junctures situated between the ends of the band. Disposed generally perpendicularly to the waistband, contiguous pairs of these junctures are spaced sufficiently apart from each other to allow either water or air to flow substantially unimpeded through the vent.

The present invention relates to openings in swimwear and in particular to vents for boxer-type swim suits.
For a variety of reasons, most water skiers prefer to wear loose-fitting, boxer-type swim suits instead of short, form-fitting suits. Even so, these water skiers have in the past experienced a discomforting phenomenon.
At the beginning of a ski run, the pressure of water acting on the legs of a loose-fitting, boxer-type suit tends to cause these legs to balloon rearwardly. Water is temporarily trapped below the waistband of the suit. Then, as the skier emerges from the water, air becomes trapped in the same position. Built up as air pressure resists the skier's forward momentum, this air fills the legs of the suit, bulging them outwardly, like a parachute, behind the wearer's body.
The drag created first by water resistance and then by air resistance on loose-fitting swimmer only adds to the forces which must be overcome by the pull of a tow rope on a skier's hands, arms, and shoulders. Especially at the level of tournament competition, a level at which many skiers perform practice repetitions one after another each day, this drag contributes significantly to the strenuousness of a very demanding sport.
In addition to the fatigue caused by tension from the pull of a tow rope on a skier's hands, arms and shoulders, rearward ballooning of the bathing suit creates a discomforting sensation. Moreover, the great force of water pressure on a swim suit could, on occasion, cause it to tear.


A magnetic scale formed by arranging a non-magnetic material at a predetermined pitch in the direction of motion of a piston rod, and a pair of magnetic sensors which output two sine waves with a phase difference of 90.degree. corresponding to the pitch of said magnetic scale, are provided. The peak voltages of the sensor output at each pitch of the magnetic scale are updated and stored. Center voltages are computed from the peak voltages at each pitch, and a coarse displacement is computed based on the result of comparing the center voltages and sensor outputs. Correction coefficients of the sensor outputs are computed from the peak voltages and center voltages, and the sensor outputs are compensated based on these correction coefficients. A fine displacement is then computed by an inverse trigonometric function from the two corrected signals, and a displacement signal is output by adding the coarse displacement to the fine displacement.

This invention relates to an apparatus for detecting, for example, the displacement of a piston rod in a hydraulic cylinder.
An apparatus wherein pieces of a non-magnetic material are embedded in the surface of a piston rod at a fixed pitch interval in the axial direction to form a magnetic scale, and the sinusoidal variation of the output signal from a sensor attached to the side of a cylinder due to the motion of the piston rod is used to detect the displacement of the piston rod with high precision, has been disclosed by the Applicant and several others (Tokkaisho No. 63-263418, Tokkaihei No. 1-269015, Tokkaihei No. 2-105013 and other applications published by the Japanese Patent Office).
This magnetic sensor outputs a sine wave of one cycle for each pitch of the magnetic scale due to the motion of the piston rod, and by installing a pair of magnetic sensors in the axial direction of the piston rod such that two sine waves are output with a phase difference of 90.degree., the displacement of the rod within each pitch can be determined very precisely by computing an inverse trigonometric function.
More specifically, the following method can be used as disclosed in for example Jikkaihei No. 1-173604 published by the Japanese Patent Office.
FIG. 9 shows the waveform output from the magnetic sensors. The two sensor outputs which differ in phase by 90.degree. may be regarded as (sin) wave and (cos) wave. In this case, the sensor outputs y1, y2 due to the displacement of the piston rod within one pitch (0-2.pi.) of the magnetic scale are given respectively by:
y.sub.1 =V.sub.1 sin .theta. PA1 y.sub.2 =V.sub.2 cos .theta.
V.sub.1 and V.sub.2 are peak voltages determined by the characteristics of the magnetic sensor and of the magnetic scale. If the gain can be adjusted such that V.sub.1 =V.sub.2, we then obtain: EQU tan .theta.=sin .theta./cos .theta.=y.sub.1 /y.sub.2
An angular displacement .theta. may be determined from the sensor outputs y.sub.1 y.sub.2, i.e.: EQU .theta.=tan.sup.-1 (y.sub.1 /y.sub.2).
If we find .theta., therefore, the piston rod displacement (fine displacement) within 1 pitch (or 1/2 pitch) may be computed from: EQU .DELTA.l=(p/2.pi.). .theta.
where p is the pitch.
A coarse displacement at every pitch (1/2 pitch) on the magnetic scale can be found by observing the peak voltage or the center voltage (center value of the amplitude) of the sensor output. By adding this coarse displacement to the fine displacement between pitches, therefore, the actual displacement within 1 pitch can be measured with extremely high precision.
This displacement computation however assumes that V.sub.1 =V.sub.2 due to gain adjustment of peak voltages of sensor voltages. The two sensor outputs, however, may not always have the same amplitude and center voltage, but may vary at every pitch due to unevenness in the characteristics of the magnetic resistors comprising the magnetic sensors, unevenness in the depth of non-magnetic material in the piston rod or temperature variations. Unless these variations are compensated, therefore, the precision of the displacement that is computed cannot always be guaranteed.
As shown in FIG. 10, differences in depth of non-magnetic material at each pitch of the magnetic scale give rise directly to variations in the amplitudes of the output signals from the magnetic sensors. In addition, there will naturally be a difference between the center voltages of the magnetic sensors, drifts in the center voltages due to temperature variations, and variations of amplitude.
It is therefore impossible to compensate fluctuations, and in particular differences of amplitude at each pitch, merely by an initial gain adjustment of the magnetic sensors as described above, and it is thus difficult to detect the displacement with high precision. If the magnetic scale is embedded in the piston rod with high precision, it is of course possible to improve the precision of displacement detection. There is however a limit to this improvement, and if precision of the embedded depth is to be guaranteed, it necessarily entails a great increase in the cost of machining the piston rod.


A method is provided for estimating a temperature distribution history in the case of line-heating flat-plate steel by high frequency induction. The method of estimating the temperature distribution history includes a first step of measuring a history of temperature distribution that is generated when a test piece of sheet steel is spot-heated; a second step of analyzing an induction current distribution that is generated when the sheet steel is spot-heated; a third step of expressing the induction current distribution by an approximation equation of the initial induction current distribution at an initial temperature and temperature dependent correction factor of the initial induction current distribution, and identifying the initial induction current distribution and the temperature dependent correction factors based on the temperature distribution history and the induction current distribution; a fourth step of analyzing internal heat generation from the initial induction current distribution, the temperature dependent correction factor, and a temperature dependency of electrical resistivity of the sheet steel; and a fifth step of analyzing the temperature distribution history generated during the line heating by applying the internal heat generation to the sheet steel while the internal heat generation is being moved. According to the method, the temperature distribution history in the case where the flat-plate steel is line-heated by high frequency induction can be efficiently estimated at high precision.

In the related art, large-scale three-dimensional curved surfaces, such as ship hull plate or the like, have been mostly formed by line heating. Although forming by line heating has been performed by skilled workers using their experience and intuition, the lack of productive capacities is growing with the aging of such workers.
Accordingly, research has been progressing in order to seek automation of the forming of three-dimensional curved surfaces, and in regard to the forming of small curvature surfaces, automation of forming by line heating has already been successful. In this method, straight-line heating tests for each heating condition (e.g. specification of a coil, excitation frequency, current, voltage, moving speed of a coil, or the like) are performed, inherent strains are classified and put into a database, and heating lines are arranged based on the analysis using the database. In forming small curvature surfaces, the heating lines are largely-spaced, and thus respective heating units can follow the above-described method without interfering with one another (See Non Patent Document 1).
However, in forming large-curvature surfaces, the heating lines may be densely-arranged, the same place may be repeatedly-heated, or the heating lines may cross each other. Also, since a non-straight line heating is frequently used, the generated inherent strains differ even if the heating conditions are the same.
Accordingly, even if the inherent strains according to the heating conditions of the respective heating lines are overlapped by using the database, the resultant inherent strains may differ from the actually generated inherent strains. Accordingly, if the heating lines are arranged based on the inherent strains identified by the straight-line heating test, the working accuracy deteriorates beyond the permissible limit.
That is, the inherent strains that are generated during large-curvature surface forming process (e.g. under the conditions such as narrow gaps between the heating lines, the repeated heating of the heating lines, crossing of the heating lines, non-straight heating lines, or the like) are different from the inherent strains from the straight-line heating test, and have not yet been identified. Accordingly, the automation of the forming of the large-curvature surfaces has not been achieved.
[Non Patent Document 1] Ishiyama et al., "Automatic line-heating bending process method applying a finite element method (FEM)", Manual of Ishikawa-jima Harima 1999 Vol. 39 No. 2 p. 60-p. 64

Method of estimating temperature distribution history


The restroom stall occupancy indicator system includes a latch coupled to a stall door and movable between a locked position and an unlocked position. A sensor is responsive to selected positioning of the latch and communications the position information to a transmitter. The transmitter then relays the position information to a receiver coupled to an indicator. The indicator, in turn, is responsive to the received position information to provide a first visual identification when the latch is in the unlocked position and a second visual identification when the latch is in the locked position.

The present invention generally relates to a restroom stall occupancy indicator system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a restroom stall occupancy indicator system having an externally visible indicator that changes color to reflect the state of stall occupancy communicated by a respective restroom stall latch mechanism.
Stadiums, airports, convention centers, shopping malls, and other large venues may have multiple bathrooms with several or even dozens of bathroom stalls. Arranging stalls in a bathroom in an elongated corridor can make it difficult for patrons, who usually wait near the restroom entrance, to determine which stalls are vacant. In this respect, patrons may look through or under the stall wall doors to try and determine if the stall is occupied. This practice is inefficient and may be uncomfortable and embarrassing for both patrons. As a result, many patrons simply wait near the entrance and watch for someone to exit a stall. But, this is only effective assuming someone leaves a stall. In cases where a stall is empty, unbeknownst to waiting patrons, that stall will remain unoccupied and unused unless someone endeavors to view into the stall, as mentioned above. This practice can increase wait times and generate longer than desired wait times for patrons who desire to use the restroom. Such underutilization of the restroom stalls can result in added patron frustration and reduced enjoyment of the venue. Reduced enjoyment may reduce patronage of the venue and reduce spending. For example, patrons at the venue may engage in other activities such as purchasing concessions, souvenirs, etc. instead of waiting in line to use the bathroom.
There exists, therefore, a significant need in the art for a restroom stall occupancy indicator system that includes an externally viewable indicator that changes color in response to receiving occupancy status information communicated by a stall door signal unit that determines whether the stall latch is locked and the stall being used by a patron. The present invention fulfills these needs and provides further related advantages.

Restroom stall occupancy indicator system


A pickup apparatus including: at least a coil constituting an actuator, a signal to be sent to the coil being obtained by calculation using an algorithm on the basis of at least one of a focus error signal and a tracking error signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a pickup apparatus capable of reproducing data, information, signals recorded in various sorts of media such as various optical discs and the like for example, or capable of recording the data, information, signals in the various sorts of media such as various writable or rewritable optical discs and the like, and relates to a disc apparatus including the pickup apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
A signal and the like recorded in the media such as an optical disc and the like are reproduced by means of a laser light (LASER: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) emitted from an optical pickup apparatus. Also, the signal and the like are recorded in the media such as the optical disc and the like by means of the laser light emitted from the optical pickup apparatus. The optical pickup apparatus is incorporated into an optical disc apparatus capable of containing a media such as an optical disc and the like.
An actuator included in the optical pickup apparatus is subject to a restriction that a tracking coil is arranged so that an electromagnetic power working point matches the center of gravity of a movable actuator main body portion and the center of rotation when the movable actuator main body portion is statically rolled with a frequency of approximately 1 Hz (hertz) for example. This restriction is solved by wiring a part of the tracking coil in a coil portion for tilt for example.
Also, there is introduced, for example, an optical pickup apparatus in which: the number of components is small, size reduction is possible, and response is excellent, by devising a magnetization pattern of a magnet, and by devising arrangement of a focus coil, a tracking coil, and a tilt coil (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2006-24277, pages 1, 5 and FIGS. 1 to 7, for example).
However, in the above-mentioned conventional optical pickup apparatus, it is difficult to wire a part of the tracking coil in the coil portion for tilt, and therefore the cost of manufacturing the optical pickup apparatus in such a manner is increased, which is considered as a problematic disadvantage. Also, there are concerns that the price of the optical disc apparatus is increased with increase in price of the optical pickup apparatus.
Also, in the conventional optical pickup apparatus, there are problems such as IO defects of the movable actuator main body portion in the pickup apparatus and the occurrence of rolling in the movable actuator main body portion having a lens and the like when the pickup apparatus is operated. The IO (incremental object) in this description means a static inclination generated for an object when a force is left exerted slowly on the object, for example. Also, the rolling in this description means a resonance state at a rolling natural frequency for example.


A method and apparatus for installing auxiliary clip-on eyewear on conventional glasses. Auxiliary clip-on eyewear is comprised of three very simple clips that engage the frame on conventional eyewear to hold the auxiliary eyewear on the conventional frames without the need for any type of tensioning devices or using multiple clips. Outboard clips fit around the conventional frame circumjacent the temple blocks. A third tensioning clip, mounted on the auxiliary eyewear, fits beneath and engages the bridge on the conventional glasses. A downward force applied by the center bridge mounted clip maintains the outboard clips on the conventional frame. With the arrangement on the preset invention, an auxiliary lens frame having a design conforming to the conventional lens is nearly undetectable when mounted.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to clip-on eyewear, and more particularly relates to a simple auxiliary clip-on frame for converting conventional eyewear to sunglasses.
2. Background Information
Clip-on eyewear to convert conventional eyewear to sunglasses are very popular. They allow the user to avoid the need for two separate prescription lenses. They can also be used, but less frequently, to clip-on eyewear that might change the prescription of the lenses. However, the more common use would be to add tinted lenses to conventional eyewear.
A number of different designs are available for clip-on eyewear, The most popular is in the form of a frame having a tensioning bar spanning the bridge and a number of clips on each lens frame to clip the additional lens on conventional eyewear. Clips, provided at the top and bottom of each lens frame and in some cases an additional clip on the bottom interior of each frame near the opening for the nose rest, are provided to clip the additional sunglasses on a conventional frame. The tension or torsion bar, spanning the bridge, applies tension to hold the clips on the frame of the conventional lens. The additional torsion bar detracts from the aesthetic appearance of the lens, adds additional weight and generally changes the appearance of the wearer's conventional eyewear.
Another type of clip-on device has a hinged latch that fits over the bridge to latch the additional lenses on the frame. Generally these particular lenses are made of inexpensive plastic materials and have a "cheap" appearance that detracts from attractive conventional eyewear. It would be advantageous if a clip-on lens could be provided that was simple and easy to use, and didn't detract from the attractiveness of the wearer's conventional glasses.
It is therefore, one object of the present invention to provide clip-on eyewear that easily and quickly clips on conventional glasses and has minimal impact on the appearance of the eyewear.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide clip-on eyewear that eliminates the need for any type of tensioning device to hold the clip-on eyewear on conventional glasses.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide clip-on eyewear that clips on easily and quickly with only three unobtrusive clips.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a clip-on eyewear that clips on conventional eyewear with two clips adjacent the block portion or temples of the frame and a single clip that fits beneath the bridge of the conventional eyewear.

Auxiliary clip-on eyeglasses for mounting on conventional eyeglasses


The various embodiments of the present invention provide high precision reference devices, methods, and systems. A high precision reference device may include a plurality of reference cells to receive bias voltages and to provide a cell reference, and an averaging stage coupled to the reference cells to generate an average reference that is the average of the cell references. Other devices, methods, and systems are also claimed and described.

Semiconductor manufacturing processes have continued to evolve since the early days of semiconductor technology. Although semiconductor manufacturers are continuing to design and implement new and improved manufacturing processes, data reliability and data integrity remain key concerns for semiconductor based memory systems. Storing data and retrieving stored data are important elements of any memory process. These elements must be efficiently and effectively performed to ensure proper memory device operation. For example, it is crucial that memory devices return data that accurately represents the stored data. If the returned data does not accurately represent what was stored, then data reliability issues may provide insurmountable problems for memory devices, and the hardware or software using the stored data. Many factors including manufacturing variances, environment and operating temperature variances, and physical size may effect memory device operation.
Typically retrieving stored data includes comparing the stored data to a known reference to determine the value of the stored data. Some memory devices compare stored current or voltage values to known reference thresholds to determine the logic state of the stored information. In the case of a multi-cell memory, the process of reading data may involve comparing the voltage or current generated from the stored data to a series of references to determine the value of the generated voltage relative to the references. Because some memory devices compare the stored data to a known reference, it is imperative that the known reference be stable and precise relative to its theoretical value. If the known reference greatly diverges from the known reference then comparison to the stored data may produce erroneous results. Stabilizing the reference may reduce data integrity issues thereby increasing the probability that stored data will always be read accurately.
What is needed, therefore, are devices and methods capable of ensuring a high precision reference threshold. A high precision reference device capable of producing a stable and precise reference threshold may assist to eliminate data integrity issues and increase the probability that data stored in a memory device maintains the correct logical state when retrieved. Additionally, a high precision reference method, system, and device may be capable of counteracting manufacturing inconsistencies to ensure that transistor density escalation will not increase data integrity and reliability issues.

High precision reference devices and methods


A monitoring system for computing mass flow of cleaned grain in a harvesting machine such as a combine. The monitoring system includes a system for conveying clean grain from a grain receiving area on the combine and along a predetermined path of travel to a clean grain storage bin on the combine. A grain weighing station is interposed along the predetermined path of grain travel between the grain receiving area and the storage bin. The weighing station is displacable in response to clean grain passing thereover. A measuring apparatus, including a load sensor arranged in combination with and monitoring the displacement of the weighing station, computes the mass flow of clean grain into the storage bin as a function of the displacement of the weighing station.

In the operation of certain types of harvesting machines such as combines, harvested materials are processed by a threshing mechanism wherein most of the kernels of grain are separated from the materials other than grain. Subsequent cleaning of the threshed materials is usually provided for by a cleaning system from which cleaned grain exits. As used herein, the term "grain" is meant to include corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, flax seed, sorghum, soy beans, sunflower seeds, grass seeds, alfalfa, mixed grain, rice, and any other food grain, feed grain, oil seeds and the like.
A combine used to harvest grain is typically equipped to operate at a variety of ground speeds to accommodate different crop conditions. Crop conditions which vary include crop density, moisture content of the crop, desired quality of grain, and straw per acre. As will be appreciated, all these factors affect the harvesting of the crop.
Prescription farming or tuning of fertilizer or pesticide applications can have a significant influence on crop yields. Heretofore, however, the farmer has not been provided with means suitable to accurately measure grain yields during the harvest and therefore the farmer cannot estimate the possible large spatial variations in crop yields. Moreover, data relating to mass grain flow measurements, if available, could be used by a farmer to reference the order-of-magnitude of crop yields when dealing with traders and shippers.
Thus, there is a need and a desire for a system which monitors mass flow of clean grain in a combine.

Apparatus for measuring mass flow of grain in a harvesting machine


A catalyst and a process for using the catalyst have been developed. The catalyst is a metal chelate dispersed on a basic support which is a combination of a solid base and a secondary component. The solid base can be a solid solution of metal oxides and/or a layered double hydroxide (LDH) and the secondary component can be calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. The process involves contacting a sour hydrocarbon fraction which contains mercaptans with the catalyst in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a polar compound. Examples of these polar compounds are water and alcohols, with methanol being especially preferred. The process is unique in that the solid solution or LDH are solid bases which eliminates the need for a liquid base. Optionally, an onium compound may be used as a catalyst promoter.

Processes for the treatment of a sour hydrocarbon fraction where the fraction is treated by contacting it with an oxidation catalyst and an alkaline agent in the presence of an oxidizing agent at reaction conditions have become well known and widely practiced in the petroleum refining industry. These processes are typically designed to effect the oxidation of offensive mercaptans contained in a sour hydrocarbon fraction to innocuous disulfides--a process commonly referred to as sweetening. The oxidizing agent is most often air. Gasoline, including natural, straight run and cracked gasolines, is the most frequently treated sour hydrocarbon fraction. Other sour hydrocarbon fractions which can be treated include the normally gaseous petroleum fractions as well as naphtha, kerosene, jet fuel, fuel oil, and the like.
A commonly used continuous process for treating sour hydrocarbon fractions entails contacting the fraction with a metal phthalocyanine catalyst dispersed in an aqueous caustic solution to yield a doctor sweet product. Doctor sweet means a mercaptan content in the product low enough to test "sweet" (as opposed to "sour") by the well known doctor test. The sour fraction and the catalyst containing aqueous caustic solution provide a liquid-liquid system wherein mercaptans are converted to disulfides at the interface of the immiscible solutions in the presence of an oxidizing agent--usually air. Sour hydrocarbon fractions containing more difficult to oxidize mercaptans are more effectively treated in contact with a metal chelate catalyst dispersed on a high surface area adsorptive support--usually a metal phthalocyanine on an activated charcoal. The fraction is treated by contacting it with the supported metal chelate catalyst at oxidation conditions in the presence of a soluble alkaline agent. One such process is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,988,500. The oxidizing agent is most often air admixed with the fraction to be treated, and the alkaline agent is most often an aqueous caustic solution charged continuously to the process or intermittently as required to maintain the catalyst in the caustic-wetted state.
The prior art shows that alkaline agents are necessary in order to catalytically oxidize mercaptans to disulfides. Thus, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,108,081 and 4,156,641 disclose the use of alkali hydroxides especially sodium hydroxide for oxidizing mercaptans. Further, U.S. Pat. No. 4,913,802 discloses the use of ammonium hydroxide as the basic agent. The activity of the metal chelate systems can be improved by the use of quaternary ammonium compound as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,290,913 and 4,337,147.
Applicants have developed a catalyst and a process using the catalyst which is completely different from all the sweetening processes previously disclosed in the art. Applicants' process involves the use of a solid base instead of a liquid base. The solid bases which can be used to carry out the instant process are either a solid solution of metal oxides and/or layered double hydroxides (LDH). One example of a solid solution of metal oxides is magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide with varying Mg/Al ratios. An example of a layered double hydroxide is hydrotalcite which is a clay having the formula Mg.sub.6 Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.16 (CO.sub.3).4H.sub.2 O. Applicants have also found that these solid bases can be combined with a secondary component such as magnesium oxide to serve as the support for the desired metal chelate. In order to obtain appreciable conversion of mercaptans to disulfides applicants have further determined that an effective amount of a polar compound capable of serving as a proton-transfer medium must be added to the process. Examples of these compounds are water and methanol.
To applicants' knowledge there is only one report in the literature of a hydrotalcite material being used to oxidize mercaptans. Catalysis Letters, 11, pp. 55-62 (1991). This article describes the oxidation of 1-decanethiol in water. However, the catalyst and process described in this article are considerably different from applicants' process and catalyst. The reference discloses an LDH in which cobalt phthalocyanine is intercalated between the LDH layers, whereas applicants' composition is a metal chelate, e.g., cobalt phthalocyanine dispersed on an LDH support. The reference uses a borate buffer to maintain the pH at 9.25 whereas applicants do not use any added base or buffer. Thus, the system disclosed in the reference and applicants' system are clearly different.
Finally, it should be pointed out that the prior art discloses that metal chelates can be dispersed on adsorbent supports such as clays or oxides (see e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,290,913). However, there is no indication that combinations of solid solutions or LDHs and magnesium oxide could be used as support nor that such catalysts would be able to function without an added liquid base.

Catalyst for sweetening a sour hydrocarbon fraction containing metal oxide solid solution and magnesium oxide


An anodic oxidation apparatus and an anodic oxidation method are provided that enable uniform photoirradiation of a treatment part of a target substrate, thereby realizing enhancement in uniformity of anodic oxidation in the surface of the target substrate. The anodic oxidation apparatus includes: a lamp that emits light; a target substrate holder provided at a position reached by the emitted light and capable of holding the target substrate; a cathode electrode that is provided on the way of the emitted light to reach the target substrate and that has an opening portion to allow light to pass therethrough and has a conductor section not transmitting light; and a vibrating mechanism to periodically vibrate a spatial position of one of the cathode electrode, the lamp, and the target substrate holder. While the positional relationship among the three of the lamp, the cathode electrode, and the target substrate holder holding the target substrate is roughly maintained, the spatial position of at least one of the three is periodically vibrated, thereby dispersing the shadow of the cathode electrode on the target substrate with time.

Electrochemical anodic oxidation of a target substrate is in use on various scenes. Such anodic oxidation includes treatment in which a polycrystalline silicon layer is made porous. The outline thereof is such that the target substrate having the polycrystalline silicon layer formed on the surface thereof is electrically connected to a positive potential pole of a power supply via a conductor and immersed in a hydrofluoric acid solution dissolved in a solvent (for example, ethyl alcohol). An electrode made of, for example, platinum is immersed in the hydrofluoric acid solution, in other words, in a chemical, and is electrically connected to a negative potential pole of the above-mentioned power supply. Further, the polycrystalline silicon layer on the target substrate immersed in the chemical is irradiated with light by a lamp.
This causes the polycrystalline silicon layer to partly melt in the hydrofluoric acid solution. Pores are formed where the polycrystalline silicon layer has been melted, so that the silicon layer is turned into a porous structure. The photoirradiation by the lamp is intended for producing holes necessary for the reaction of the above-mentioned melting and pore formation in the polycrystalline silicon layer. For reference, such reaction in the polycrystalline silicon layer in the anodic oxidation is explained, for example, as follows.Si+2HF+(2−n)e+→SiF2+2H++ne−SiF2+2HF→SiF4+H2 SiF4+2HF→H2SiF6 Here, e+ is a hole and e− is an electron. Therefore, this reaction requires holes as a precondition and is different from simple electrolytic polishing.
The porous silicon thus produced is made suitable as a highly efficient field emission electron source by further forming a silicon oxide layer on a micro-level surface thereof, which is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2000-164115, Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2000-100316, and so on. The use of such a porous silicon as the field emission electron source has been drawing attention as opening a door to realizing a new flat display device.
In the anodic oxidation requiring the photoirradiation as described above, a cathode electrode is naturally positioned between the light emitting lamp and a treatment part of the target substrate. First, the cathode electrode needs to satisfy such a condition that it faces the entire surface of the treatment part thoroughly in terms of position so as to cause the treatment part to act uniformly. Meanwhile, the cathode electrode needs to allow the light emitted by the lamp to pass therethrough and to reach the treatment part.
For these purposes, for example, an electrode in a grid form having the same spread as a planar spread of the treatment part is used. Consequently, the cathode electrode can face the entire surface of the treatment part thoroughly in terms of position and allows the light to pass through opening portions in the grid so that the light reaches the treatment part.
Even when the electrode is made in the grid form, however, the shadow of the electrode in the grid form appears on the treatment part. Consequently, further minute observation would show that photoirradiation amounts on the treatment part are not uniform in the surface thereof, which poses some limit to uniformity of treatment as the anodic oxidation.

Anodic oxidizer, anodic oxidation method