A duct element configured to be used as a shapeable coupling element in a fluid flow line in any industrial application, for example within a rocket engine. The duct element includes a deformable tubular covering in a form of a bellows including inwardly projecting annular projections; and a protective sleeve including an end segment fastened in the tubular covering and including a free end that projects towards an inside of the tubular covering. The protective sleeve includes a plurality of other segments engaged in part one within another, each of the other segments including at a periphery of an outside surface thereof at least one attachment element fastened to the outside surface and that co-operates with at least one annular projection.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a duct element suitable for use as a shapeable coupling element in any line for passing a flow of fluid, a gas or a liquid, within any industrial application, e.g. within a rocket engine.
2. Description of the Related Art
Duct elements of this type are known that comprise a deformable tubular covering in the form of a bellows having inwardly projecting annular projections, thereby making it easy for said bellows to couple together two rigid pipes of the flow line, even with the pipes that do not share a common axis.
Inside the flow line, the fluids may be conveyed at speeds that are high and/or at temperatures that are extreme, whether cryogenic or very high.
The duct element is in particular confronted with such constraints if it is intended, for example, to be applied to a fluid flow line that is mounted within a rocket engine, in particular for admitting fuels and oxidizers to a combustion chamber of such an engine.
In order to protect the tubular covering of such a prior art duct element against the damage that results from the effects of turbulence and/or large thermal effects, one solution in widespread use consists in causing the fluid to flow not directly within the tubular covering itself, but within a protective sleeve having an end segment that is fastened in one end of the tubular covering and having its free end projecting into the inside of the tubular covering.
In a variant of that prior art protective sleeve, a second segment projects into the inside of the tubular covering, with one of its ends being partially engaged on the free end of said end segment.
Because of the dynamic behavior of the duct element, a drawback of both of those prior art variants lies in the need for the protective sleeve to include a constriction in its flow section, which constriction increases with decreasing radius of curvature to be imparted to the duct element in order to shape it in position.
Although the two-segment variant makes it possible for the flow section to be constricted to a lesser extent than when using a single section, the constriction present on the fluid flow path in both variants gives rise to head losses on the fluid flow line that are too great.
In addition, it has been found that the ends of the segments of the protective sleeve become degraded as a result of stresses from the vibration induced by constricting the flow of the fluid.


A tunable color LED module comprises at least two sub-modules, each comprising an LED, a wavelength converting element (WCE) and a reflector cup. The total light emitted by the module comprises light generated from each LED and WCE and the module is configured to emit a total light having a predefined color chromaticity when activation properties of the LEDs are managed appropriately. The total light may have a broad white emission spectrum. The module combines the benefits of a low cost with uniform chromaticity properties in the far field, and offers long and controlled lifetime at the same time as flexibility and intelligence of tunable color chromaticity, Color Rendering Index (CRI) and intensity, either at manufacture or in an end user lighting application. A controlled LED module system comprises a control system for the managing activation properties of the LEDs in the sub-modules. Also described is a method of manufacture.

Light emitting devices and diodes are based on a forward biased p-n junction. LEDs have recently reached high brightness levels that have allowed them to enter into new solid state lighting applications as well as replacements for high brightness light sources such as light engines for projectors and automotive car headlights. These markets have also been enabled by the economical gains achieved through the high efficiencies of LEDs, as well as reliability, long lifetime and environmental benefits. These gains have been partly achieved by use of LEDs that are capable of being driven at high currents and hence produce high luminous outputs while still maintaining high wall plug efficiencies.
Solid state lighting applications require that LEDs exceed efficiencies currently achievable by incandescent and fluorescent lighting technologies. Currently one of the preferred routes for the generation of White light from an LED module is by use of a single colour LED (such as a blue LED) and a wavelength converting element (such as a yellow phosphor). Wavelength converting elements (WCE) typically comprise of a yellow phosphor mixed in an encapsulant at the correct composition to generate a white colour of the desired colour temperature. By modifying the fill fraction composition or % weight the white light colour may be tuned. The ability to provide white light across a large chromaticity space is advantageous for different lighting applications. However, due to manufacturing inaccuracies associated with variation in LED emission wavelength, LED emission bandwidth, variation in WCE % weight and WCE composition different LED modules will exhibit white light emission characteristics with different chromaticity values. This is undesirable as sorting and binning of LED modules post manufacture is required.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,788,011 the mixing of Red, 102, Green, 103, and Blue, 104, primary colour semiconductor LEDs are employed to provide white colour light as shown in FIG. 1a. In order to achieve the desired light intensity as well as the colour chromaticity on a CIE diagram, a control system is programmed with predefined LED driver power values for each individual LED colour. The light emission spectra intensity, 106, plotted against wavelength (as shown along 105) for each LED namely the Red LED, 109, Green, 108 and Blue, 107 are shown on the insert in FIG. 1a. The individual LEDs are assembled in a housing or board, 101. This LED lighting system suffers from several drawbacks.
Firstly, the LED lighting system proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,788,011 suffers from poor Colour Rendering Index (CRI) typically around 27-30 because of the individual narrow Red, Green and Blue wavelengths (approximately 10-25 nm bandwidth wavelength emission) having poor representation of the complete visible spectrum of light which is typically experienced from incandescent bulb illumination or blackbody radiation, 120, as shown in the insert in FIG. 1a. As a reference the CRI for a blackbody radiation is 100 and the value ranging between 0 and 100 defines how accurately light will portray colours relative to a blackbody source at the same nominal colour temperature.
Secondly, due to the different LED semiconductor material systems required to generate Red (typically InGaAlP) and Blue or Green (InGaAlN) wavelengths the voltages, lifetime and junction temperature may dramatically vary from one LED to another adversely affecting the stability of the LED lighting system and the overall colour chromaticity with lifetime as well as light intensity. This is typically very difficult to monitor without the addition of feedback control systems.
In U.S. Pat. No. 7,213,940B1 another colour control system is proposed, whereby a first semiconductor LED with a first lumiphor is provided to generate white light. In order to improve the CRI, a second semiconductor LED having a different emission wavelength is introduced into the optical mixing. This system provides much improved Colour Rendering Index (CRI) of around 80-92 due to the broader emission achieved by the first LED and lumiphor. The introduction of the second semiconductor LED with Red emission wavelengths has a limited emission bandwidth and hence is restricted in the amount that the CRI can be increased. Secondly, the external efficiency of state of the art commercial red emitting semiconductor materials such as InGaAlP is typically 30% which is much lower than that of GaN based blue emitting semiconductor LED systems (state of the art commercial LED external efficiency at 45%). Additionally, similar lifetime degradation problems compared to LED lighting devices in U.S. Pat. No. 6,788,011 are also experienced with the second semiconductor degrading at a different rate to the first LED.
In published U.S. Patent Application No. 2008/0048193 A1 a white LED module including a further circuit board is described. The LED module cross sectional schematic is shown in FIG. 1c. In one example of the invention a Green semiconductor LED, 103 and a Blue semiconductor LED, 104 are placed on circuit board 101. A Red phosphor, 112, is disposed over 103 and 104 to provide a total emitted white light intensity, 106, against wavelength 105. The total emitted white light has a broad red phosphor emission, 109, and narrow blue, 107, as well as a narrow green emission, 108, from the semiconductor LED die. The white light generated from the LED module suffers from a poor CRI (expected to be approximately 50-60) due to the narrow light emissions in the Blue and Green wavelength regions. Additionally, the intensity of the Green light, 113, is dramatically attenuated, 108. The total green light initially emitted from the LED die 103 is shown as a dotted line, while following the propagation through the Red phosphor 112 the final transmitted green light is shown as the solid line 108. The attenuated green light dramatically affects the total efficiency of the LED module. It is important to note that this applies across all wavelengths and not specifically for Red phosphors only.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, there is currently a need for a LED module that combines the known benefits of low cost LED modules with the functionality of tunable colour chromaticity. It would be desirable to provide a module having uniform chromaticity properties, and which also displays good CRI and intensity with a long lifetime.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A facile method to synthesize stable calcium carbonate microstructures is demonstrated which allows in situ encapsulation of sensitive molecules like drugs. The methodology involves a macromolecular assembly of anionic polypeptide with cationic peptide oligomer to concurrently template and hold to stabilize the mineralized structure. The heterogeneously distributed mixture of anionic and cationic residues in the macromolecular assembly, similar to that is found in natural systems assists in recognizing and coassembling Ca2+ and CO32− ionic clusters, especially for formation of a disordered precursor phase such as amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and further crystallization to form a metastable vaterite phase. The assembly also facilitates encapsulation of a guest molecule such as tetracycline at ambient conditions without affecting the mineralization process. The tetracycline-loaded microstructures show excellent antibacterial activities against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and hence together with the fluorescence property of tetracycline and appropriate drug release profile, they can be used as multifunctional materials for therapeutic and imaging applications.

Substantial use of drugs such as antibiotics can cause several side effects after their absorption into the blood stream; one of them is bacterial resistance. So, it is highly desirable to develop methods of local administration of antibiotics. Such administration makes it possible to apply higher concentration of drug in the target tissue and the influence of systematic administration significantly decreases. The field of nanotechnology in this respect offers a promising approach to develop nanostructured materials for biomedical applications [De, M.; Ghosh, P. S.; Rotello, V. M. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 1-17]. These systems present advantages over systemic administration, such as a considerably increased and sustained drug concentration in the crevicular fluid, as well as a reduction of other undesirable side effects associated with systemic drug delivery devices [Rams, T. E.; Slots, J. Periodontology 2000, 1996, 10, 139-159]. Also, the major drawback associated with many of therapeutics is their poor bioavailability and toxicity [(a) Yih, T. C.; Al-Fandi, M.; J. Cell. Biochem. 2006, 97, 1184; (b) Panyam, J.; Labhasetwar, V. Adv. Drug Delivery Rev. 2003, 55, 329]. Therefore, encapsulation of such therapeutics in a pH tunable soluble capsules can provide a novel means of transportation to specific cells or tissues [Schmidt, H. T.; Kroczynski, M.; Maddox, J.; Chen, Y.; Josephs, R.; Ostafin, A. E. J. Microencapsulation 2006, 23, 769].
Tetracycline is one of the most potent broad spectrum therapeutic molecules, which is used extensively to treat bacterial infections associated with bone diseases. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Local administration of tetracycline is recognized to increase bone regeneration in periodontal defects due to its anti-collagenolytic effect. It also promotes the growth of alveolar bone in periodontal therapy [Park. Y. J.; Lee, Y. M.; Park, S. N.; Lee, J. Y.; Ku, Y.; Chung, C. P.; Lee, S. J. J Biomed Mater Res, 2000, 51, 391]. Therefore controlled delivery of tetracycline may be highly beneficial for the treatment of infectious bone diseases. Various matrices for encapsulation and controlled release of tetracycline includes poly(L-lactide) fibers, PLGA films [Webber, W. L.; Lago, F.; Thanos, c.; Mathiowitz, E. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1998, 41, 18] and chitosan microspheres [Bittner, B.; Mäder, K.; Kroll, C.; Borchert, H.-H.; Kissel, T. J. Controlled Release 1999, 59, 23]. Although poly(methyl methacrylate) beads are widely used for treatments, its removal after exhaustion of the antibiotic activity has been a major drawback [Kanellakopoulou, K.; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E. J. Drugs 2000, 59, 1223].
The drawbacks of the processes are that the methodology is generally tedious sometimes requiring harsh reaction conditions such as extreme pH and higher temperature, organic solvents, emulsion methods, and post-treatments to encapsulate the drug, which may affect the drug stability and efficacy.
CaCO3 when compared to other inorganic materials is ideal as drug delivery system for much therapeutics because of its pH tunable solubility, biocompatibility and biodegradability. As a biomineral CaCO3 is bioresorbable and insoluble at physiological pH but soluble under acidic conditions. The pH around many of the tumors and endolysosomes is acidic [(a) Tycko, B.; Maxfield, F. R. Cell 1982, 28, 643-651; (b) Stubbs, M.; McSheehy, P. M.; Griffiths, J. R.; Bashford, C. L. Mol. Med. Today 2000, 6, 15-19]. Therefore, CaCO3 can be used as a pH-dependent vehicle to deliver the therapeutics through the blood stream to target tissue.
Ideally, the methodology to prepare the host matrix CaCO3 should allow the drug encapsulation during the synthesis of the inorganic host thereby avoiding the post-treatments generally required for inserting the drugs into various matrices. Herein we demonstrate such a facile one-pot synthesis of CaCO3 microstructures under very mild conditions of ambient temperature and pressure, aqueous medium and near neutral pH. The methodology utilizes the self assembly property of polyanions in presence of suitable counter ions to mineralize CaCO3 structures while simultaneously facilitating the entrapment of tetracycline in situ.
It is known that carboxyl groups of biomicromolecules play a crucial role in polymorph stabilization of CaCO3. The carboxylate groups of anionic residues interact with Ca2+ due to charge matching and induce nucleation [(a) Kriwet, B.; Kissel, T. Int. J. Pharm. 1996, 127, 135-145; (b) Euliss, L. E.; Bartl, M. H.; Stucky, G. D. J. Cryst. Growth, 2006, 286, 424; (c) Sonnenberg, L.; Luo, Y.; Schlaad, H.; Seitz, M.; Cö lfen, H.; Gaub, H. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 15364].
Here in present application, the approach is to use anionic polypeptides to interact ionically with cationic peptide oligomers to form assembled structures, which effectively can act as a mold and thereby, dictate the morphology of the mineralized CaCO3. Such phenomena of macromolecular assemblies have been known in the literature [McKenna, B. J.; Birkedal, H.; Bartl, M. H.; Deming, T. J.; Stucky, G. D. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2004, 43, 5652-5655]. However utilization of these assembled structures to minerailize CaCO3 microstructures is the new and nonobvious invention of this patent work. It is shown here that these mineralizing agents aid in controlled crystallization of CaCO3 and can stabilize amorphous and vaterite phases, the thermodynamically less stable polymorphs of CaCO3. More importantly, the methodology allows guest molecules like drugs to be loaded into these microstructures during the preparation.

Calcium carbonate microstructures useful in encapsulation applications and a process for the preparation thereof

COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH


A method and system for wireless communications between a sender and a receiver enables effective blocking of interference signals by other senders and improving the channel capacity. The receiver uses two or more receiving devices, such as antennas or smart antennas, to receive multiple wireless input signals. By performing a noise-transparent autocorrelation matching analysis on the multiple input signals, the receiver derives an anti-interference filter for interference-blocking action, without the need for information of the interfering vector. The information derived by the receiver may be further used to control the reception by the receiving devices of the receiver, or transmitted to the sender to control its transmission, such that the signal vector may be set to be parallel to the obtained filtering vector to achieve an enhanced channel capacity that may exceed the limit imposed by the well-known Shannon channel capacity of the original channel.

Wireless communications have become a major way of communications and in many applications are replacing conventional land-based communication systems. There are many kinds of wireless communication systems, such as the cellular phone system, the wireless LAN, and the WiFi as shown in FIG. 1. The most commonly used system is the cellular system, and the other wireless communication systems are growing rapidly.
One common problem frequently encountered in wireless communications is the presence of interfering signals transmitted by devices other than the particular sender with which the receiver wants to communicate. Depending on the types of the wireless communications, the interferences may be intentional, such as the jamming of military wireless transmissions, or accidental and resulting from having multiple users who are sharing a common wireless channel with or without base station. Interferences are found in various common wireless communication systems, and the users of a wireless channel may be, for instance, a cellular phone, a laptop computer, etc.
The presence of interfering signals can severely compromise the ability of the receiver to discern the signal from the intended sender, resulting in a significant reduction of the effectively channel capacity for the wireless transmissions from the sender to the receiver. In the cellular system, multi-user technologies have been used to combat the inter-user interference by a base station. The three commonly used multi-user technologies are the Frequency Division Multiple Access technology (FDMA), the Time Division Multiple Access technology (TDMA), and the Code Division Multiple Access technology (CDMA). In FDMA, the users are assigned non-overlapping frequency slots (by the base station), and hence the inter-user interference can be avoided. Similarly, in TDMA the users are assigned non-overlapping time-slots, and in CDMA users are assigned non-overlapping orthogonal codes. Because the power limitation of the base station, the area of the cell it controls is limited to its neighborhood. Therefore, any user outside the cell can not be controlled by this base station, and hence may interfere with the users in the cell.
Interferences in wireless transmissions are also a serious issue for Wireless Local Area Network (LAN). A wireless LAN uses part of the frequent spectrum that is free to everybody and hence it costs nothing to use the spectrum. It uses the internet to reach the outside world and hence it again costs nothing. However, the interferences between the users can be significant because this part of spectrum is unregulated. This is one of the major challenges for wireless LAN. The current technology confines it to be in a local area with limited users. It does not allow it to be developed to reach its full commercial potential value. WiFi is one kind of Wireless LAN and hence shares the same advantages and challenges. Interferences between the users also exist in ad hoc network, a closed wireless communication network but without a central commend.
In view of the foregoing, there is a significant need for a way to effectively counter the negative effects of interfering signals and to enhance the channel capacity of wireless communications between a sender and a receiver in the presence of interfering signals.

Method and system for wireless communications using anti-interference to increase data transmission rate


A method for transmitting a hybrid automatic repeat and request (HARQ) ACK/NACK signal by a reception side in a wireless communication system may further comprise the steps of: receiving a transmission block including a plurality of code blocks from a transmission side; decoding the received transmission block; and transmitting an ACK/NACK for the transmission block in units of code block groups, wherein the code block group includes at least one code block.

The present invention proposes new and various frame structures for a 5th generation (5G) communication system. In a next generation 5G system, scenarios can be classified into Enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), Ultra-reliable Machine-Type Communications (uMTC), Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC), and the like.
The eMBB corresponds to a next generation mobile communication scenario having such a characteristic as high spectrum efficiency, high user experienced data rate, high peak data rate, and the like, the uMTC corresponds to a next generation mobile communication scenario having such a characteristic as ultra-reliable, ultra-low latency, ultra-high availability, and the like (e.g., V2X, Emergency Service, Remote Control), and the mMTC corresponds to a next generation mobile communication scenario having such a characteristic as low cost, low energy, short packet, and massive connectivity (e.g., IoT).

Method for transmitting/receiving HARQ ACK/NACK signal in wireless communication system, and device therefor


A bridge mandrel for use as part of the rollers used in flexographic printing presses. When used as a part of the printing roller, the bridge mandrel allows the use of inexpensive printing sleeves to which the flexographic printing plates can be attached. When used as part of the inking roller, the bridge mandrel provides a durable and cost effective design. The bridge mandrel is made from a cylinder and two bearing sleeves that mount the cylinder to a standard mandrel. When the bridge mandrel is used as a printing roller, the thin printing sleeve mounts to the cylinder by means of an extension of the conventional compressed air mounting system. The ability to use inexpensive thin printing sleeves greatly reduces the cost and time expenditure normally associated with changing the printing rollers in flexographic printing presses. When used as an inking roller, the surface of the bridge mandrel is coated with a ceramic material that is engraved with microfine cells to provide a durable and cost effective inking roller.

This invention relates generally to rollers used in flexographic printing presses, and in particular to a bridge mandrel used to form part of the roller to allow the use of changeable sleeves in conjunction with printing rollers and to provide more durable and cost effective inking rollers.
In the flexographic printing process, a printing roller rolls a flexographic printing plate, typically made from photopolymer or rubber, over paper held on a central impression drum. The printing plate on the roller is inked by an ink roller having microfine cells saturated with ink. The presses operate at very high speeds, sometimes printing over 600 linear feet of paper per minute, which requires that the rollers rotate at very high rotational speeds. The construction of the printing roller and inking roller can vary and many different constructions have been used to attempt to optimize the printing performance of the rollers. The optimal printing roller would be durable, easy to change by one operator, provide a high quality print, maintain a high degree of concentricity, and have a low cost. The optimal inking roller would be durable, cost effective, provide good ink flow, and maintain a high degree of concentricity.
A frequently attempted method to provide such a printing roller involves the use of several layers of materials having different properties. For example, the printing roller supplied by Windmoller & Holscher for use with its Soloflex.RTM. flexographic press comprises a mandrel having compressed air conduits and an integrated cover sleeve having a microporous foam inner core and a nonporous polymeric outer surface layer. The flexible printing plates are then attached to the nonporous polymeric outer surface layer. The integrated cover sleeve is easily removed from the mandrel by using air pressure passing through the mandrel to expand the diameter of the cover sleeve. The problem with this system is that the integrated cover sleeves are quite expensive and do not last a long time or work very well because they tend to quickly lose their concentricity.
Another attempt to provide a printing roller that is easy to change by one operator, provides a high quality print, and has a low cost, involves the manufacture of the sleeves out of solid urethane. The drawback to this attempt at a solution is that it is very difficult to bore the necessary holes through the solid urethane, and the solid rollers do not maintain their concentricity very well.
Currently available inking rollers, such as those provided by Windmoller & Holscher for use with its Soloflex.RTM. flexographic presses, typically comprise a mandrel having compressed air conduits and an inking sleeve. The inking sleeve is usually a multi-layered construction with an outer layer made from ceramic having microfine cells and a porous foam inner layer. The inking sleeve is changed in virtually the same way as the printing sleeve--using compressed air. The problem with using an inking sleeve such as this is that the sleeves do not last a long time because they quickly loose their concentricity.
This invention relates to an improved roller construction and to solutions to some of the problems raised or not solved by existing roller configurations.

Bridge mandrel for flexographic printing presses


Methods and systems are described for computing page rankings more efficiently. Using an interconnectivity matrix describing the interconnection of web pages, a new matrix is computed. The new matrix is used to compute the average of values associated with each web page's neighboring web pages. The secondary eigenvector of this new matrix is computed, and indices for web pages are relabeled according to the eigenvector. The data structure storing the interconnectivity information is preferably also physically sorted according to the eigenvector. By reorganizing the matrix used in the web page ranking computations, caching is performed more efficiently, resulting in faster page ranking techniques. Methods for efficiently allocating the distribution of resources are also described.

The Internet presently comprises billions of web pages interconnected via hyperlinks. Users of the Internet typically use web browsing applications ("browsers") to navigate among these pages by either selecting and clicking hyperlinks, or by manually entering a "Uniform Resource Locator" ("URL") which allows the browser to access a particular web page directly. Often times, however, a user wishes to search the Internet for pages containing particular items of information. Because of the size of the Internet, it is impractical for a user to manually browse the Internet searching for relevant pages. Instead, users typically invoke search engines, which are computer applications developed for the purpose of searching the Internet. Search engines typically reside on server computing devices and accept queries from client users. A search engine is usually associated with an index of web pages, and, in response to a user query, returns a list of pages satisfying the query.
Some modern search engines rank web pages in order to provide users with more relevant results. Many search engines represent the interconnection of web pages via a matrix, and finding a page ranking equates to finding the principal eigenvector of the matrix. Such a search engine is described by Page et al. in "The PageRank citation ranking: Bringing order to the web," Stanford Digital Libraries Working Paper, January 1998, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all that it teaches without exclusion of any part thereof. Generally, an iteration takes a ranking of the web pages and propagates it across the interconnection matrix, to obtain an updated ranking for the pages. Eventually, the rankings for all pages converge to fixed values, which are the entries of the principal eigenvector. This is equivalent to calculating the stationary distribution of a Markov chain. Due to the size of the matrices, computing the eigenvector—and thus the page ranks—is a computationally intensive task in existing systems, requiring several iterations of matrix manipulation before values for all pages converge to the eigenvector. In order to compute the page rank more efficiently, researchers have attempted to exploit particular mathematical properties of the interconnection matrix in order to find methods of computing or approximating page rankings more quickly.
Computing page rankings can be a computationally intensive task for several reasons. One reason is simply the magnitude of the amount of information: with billions of web pages, performing the necessary computations can require significant amounts of time, even on fast processors, and even if all the data was immediately available to the processor. Another reason, however, is that generally not all the data is immediately available to the processor, necessitating retrievals of data from a storage area such as RAM, or a secondary storage such as a hard drive. Accessing RAM typically costs about 100 nanoseconds per access; accessing a hard drive typically costs about 5-10 milliseconds per access. This acts as a bottleneck for an otherwise fast processor—a processor capable of performing a billion operations a second is limited to reading the data in at a rate of about 10 million entries per second, or roughly one percent of its capability.
Furthermore, many matrix operations performed by existing page ranking techniques use arbitrary index labels for the web pages. As a result, there is no relationship between the rows (or the columns) of the corresponding interconnectivity matrix. For example, if Page #1 contains links to Pages #226, #4,250,221 and #1,000,000,152, then the corresponding row #1 of an interconnectivity matrix would have entries in columns #226, #4,250,221 and #1,000,000,152. In order to retrieve those pages, three accesses must be made from three likely very remote areas of memory.
Researchers have also investigated caching systems. Generally, a "cache" is a small area of fast memory that temporarily holds data or instructions retrieved from slower, less expensive memory. By temporarily storing often-used data or instructions in a cache, a processor does not need to retrieve those data or instructions from the slower memory. Effective use of caches thus increases the speed with which many operations are performed on a computing device.

Efficiently ranking web pages via matrix index manipulation and improved caching


The invention provides, in part, novel SV-BR cancer cell lines. The invention provides a novel cell line SV-BR-1 deposited under ATCC PTA-1712 and SV-BR-1-GM cells deposited under ATCC PTA-1713. The invention further relates to therapeutic and non-therapeutic uses of the novel cell lines. Therapeutic uses include the use of SV-BR cell lines as cancer vaccines, and in particular, or the treatment of cancer.

Cancer is considered to be a serious and pervasive disease. The National Cancer Institute has estimated that in the United States alone, 1 in 3 people will be afflicted with cancer during their lifetime. Moreover approximately 50% to 60% of people contracting cancer will eventually die from the disease.
One particularly prevalent form of cancer, especially among women, is breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer, a leading cause of death in women, has been gradually increasing in the United States over the last thirty years. In 1997, it was estimated that 181,000 new cases were reported in the U.S., and that 44,000 people would die of breast cancer (Parker et al, 1997, CA Cancer J. Clin. 47:5-27; Chu et al, 1996, J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 88:1571-1579). Similarly, lung cancer is the second most common cause of cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths for both men and women in the United States, with an estimated 171,000 new cases in 2003. The five-year survival rate among all lung cancer patients, regardless of the stage of disease at diagnosis, is only 13%.
In 2003, about 25,400 new cases of ovarian cancer were diagnosed according to estimates from the American Cancer Society (ACS). Among U.S. women, ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death after lung and bronchus, breast, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. The ACS also estimated that there were approximately 105,500 new cases of colon cancer and 42,000 new cases of rectal cancer in 2003 in the United States.
In spite of considerable research into therapies, these and other cancers remain difficult to diagnose and treat effectively. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for improved methods for detecting and treating such cancers. The present invention fulfills these needs and further provides novel cell lines and compositions comprising said cell lines.

Breast cancer cell lines and uses thereof


A valve operating system in an internal combustion engine, that can be readily assembled and installed on the engine, including a casing coupled to an upper surface of a cylinder head, an armature, a pair of electromagnets for exerting electromagnetic forces on the armature in directions of opening and closing of an engine valve, and a pair of resilient means for biasing the engine valve in the opening and closing directions, respectively, and for retaining the armature at a predetermined neutral position by cooperation with each other during deenergization of both the electromagnets. The resilient means for closing the engine valve is mounted between a retainer fixed to the valve stem and a fixed position on the cylinder head, and the electromagnets are fixed within the casing which is constructed so that an upper portion of the stem can be inserted into the casing. Accommodated within the casing are the armature separatably coaxially connected at an upper end of the stem, and the resilient means for opening the engine valve and also exhibiting a resilient force for urging the armature against the first electromagnet to support the armature, when the armature is not connected to the stem.

Such a valve operating system is conventionally known, for example, from PCT International Patent Application Laid-open No. WO95/00959 and the like. In the valve operating system disclosed in that Patent Application, the armature is fixed to the upper end of the stem of the engine valve. In assembling the valve operating system to the cylinder head, the components disposed within the casing are assembled in sequence from the side of the cylinder head and finally, the casing is assembled to the cylinder head to cover these components. This assembling operation is carried out in a narrow space, and therefore the assemblability is poor.

Valve operating system in internal combustion engine


A method and/or computer program product automatically adjusts room temperature in a data center room. A processor in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system receives a throttle threshold temperature for each of multiple computing devices that are within a data center room, which is climate-controlled by the HVAC system. The processor in the HVAC system monitors a real-time temperature of at least one of the multiple computing devices. In response to the real-time temperature of said at least one of the multiple computing devices exceeding the throttle threshold temperature, an ambient air temperature in the data center room is decreased by adjusting a hardware thermostat in the HVAC system.

The present disclosure relates to the field of computing devices, and specifically to the computing devices that operate within a data center. Still more particularly, the present disclosure relates to optimizing the temperature of the data center room for efficient cooling of the computing devices.
Computing devices include personal computers, servers, blade servers, blade server chasses that hold multiple blade servers, etc. Such computing devices have cooling requirements that, if not met, will result in a reduction in operations ("throttling") and/or damage to the computer devices.

Data center cooling method with critical device prioritization


An electronic control system is configured to control operation of a platoon including a plurality of vehicles. The electronic control system may be configured one or more of operate each of the vehicles to provide operation emulating the lowest non-platooning vehicle performance capability among the plurality of vehicles of the platoon, operate an individualized predictive cruise control (IPCC) process for each of the vehicles and a corresponding supervisory safety process for the platoon, and operate a cooperative predictive cruise control (CPCC) process for each of the vehicles and a corresponding supervisory safety process for the platoon.

The present disclosure relates to vehicle platoon controls providing improved fuel efficiency and vehicle collision mitigation. A vehicle platoon typically comprises a group of vehicles may travel in close proximity using radar, LIDAR, proximity sensor information, or camera information, and in some instances, inter-vehicle coordination facilitated by some form of direct or indirect (e.g., cloud-based) communication. Current proposals for controlling vehicle platoons, while recognizing some potential benefits, face a number of challenges and suffer from a number of drawbacks, limitations, and shortcomings including those respecting fuel efficiency and safety. There remains a significant need for the unique apparatuses, methods, systems, and techniques disclosed herein.

Vehicle platoon controls providing improved fuel efficiency and vehicle collision mitigation


This application relates to electric winders, particularly, to an intelligent electric winder and a control method therefor. The intelligent electric winder includes a support, a control unit and a winder body, where the winder body includes a casing, a winding reel, a drive structure, and a cable. The drive structure is electrically connected to the control unit. The control unit includes: a socket and a host; the host is arranged inside the casing, and the socket is arranged outside the casing; a start/stop button is provided on a surface of the socket, and the socket is connected to a free end of the cable. Through the intelligent electric winder and a control method therefor, the winding reel is controlled to start or stop winding by sending a wireless control signal, so that the intelligent electric winder is controlled to wind or unwind cables through the wireless communication.

As a special long-distance energy transmission device, winders are mainly used to transmit hoses and wires, and become an indispensable device in automobile production and maintenance. However, it is time-consuming and laborious to wind cables after the winders are used. In view of this problem, there are mainly two types of commercially used winders; one is mechanical winders capable of winding and unwinding the cables by rewind springs, and the other is electric winders capable of winding and unwinding the cables by motors. The electric winders are widely used since they are more labor-saving than the mechanical winders. However, without a switch and a remote intelligent control unit, the existing electric winders fail to realize functions of switch and remote control, which is inconvenient in use, easy to cause fire and other safety problems. The above-mentioned problems should be urgently solved by those skilled in the art.

Intelligent electric winder and control method therefor

INTRADIN (HUZHOU) PRECISION TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


A method of improving the erosion resistance of the surface of a metal substrate by the technique of applying a dense and adherent alloy coating comprised of niobium carbide in a ductile matrix such as cobalt-chromium to the substrate surface using a hypersonic flame spray gun.

Erosion is the wastage of objects by the impingement of hard particles traveling in a gaseous or liquid fluid. Several factors which control the rate of wastage of a given surface are:
the relative hardness of the erosive media and the surface being eroded; PA1 the temperature, size, shape, velocity, and angle of impingement of the eroding media; and PA1 the smoothness, ductility, and integrity (lack of porosity) of the surface being eroded.
Other factors may also be considered. In instances where multi-phase materials are specified to enhance erosion resistance (such as cemented carbides), the size and shape of the second phase carbide particles also have a direct bearing on the erosion resistance of a given surface. Because of the complexity and interrelationship of all of these factors, it often is not possible to predict whether the erosion resistance of a given surface will be good under a specific set of erosive conditions.
The present invention comprehends a material which has much better erosion resistance under a widely varying set of erosive conditions than many materials which are customarily specified for use in erosive environments. The subject material is a cemented carbide comprised of niobium carbide in a metal matrix, along with a process for applying the material to a metal substrate. The erosion resistance of such material has been evaluated as a coating which has been applied onto the surface of steel specimens.
The subject invention was made during the course of a Small Business Innovative Research grant to Manhattan Turbine Corporation by the Department of Energy. This grant was awarded following submission of a proposal in response to a solicitation requesting novel solutions for the control of erosion in fluidized bed combustors.
The combustion of coal in a fluidized bed combustor results in the formation of large quantities of ash, which is comprised principally of silica, and, as such, is highly erosive. This results in the degradation of heat exchanger tubing in the fluidized bed combustor. The specific degradation is of two primary types: erosion/corrosion of "in-bed" tubing in the 450.degree. C. temperature range; and erosion of tubing in the 300.degree. C. range at the base of the waterwall.
A large number of protective coating systems have been used by various fluidized bed combustor manufacturers to slow the rate of wastage in heat exchanger tubing. In most instances, the coatings applied have not extended the life of the tubing sufficiently to be considered cost effective.

Niobium carbide alloy coating process for improving the erosion resistance of a metal surface


A captured image of an object is input twice using a white background and a black background, after which the opacity D and the color image X of the object are obtained to yield an object image. It is possible to easily create a high-quality real image.

Simulation of knitted products requires images of the yarn making up the knitting stitches or the like. Herein, high-quality yarn images are a must for achieving realistic simulations. For yarn image inputting, the yarn image is input by setting the yarn in a scanner to capture thereby a yarn image in which portions where color and ground color differ are equated to yarn. The yarn image thus captured is used, among other purposes, for simulating a knitted product (Patent Reference 1).
The present inventors have observed that capturing a yarn image using a white background yields a whitish yarn image, whereas capturing a yarn image using a black background yields a blackish yarn image. A likely cause for this is mixing of the background image with the image of the yarn in such translucent portions as yarn fluff and the like, which results in whitish images for white backgrounds, and blackish images for black backgrounds.
Mixing of the background image and the translucent portions of the object image, and the difficulties involved in separating the two, is a problem not only in yarns but also in textile products such as garments and/or glass products. In textile products such as garments, the background image and the textile product image become mixed in fluff portions, mesh holes, and portions where the fabric is very thin, the respective images becoming then difficult to separate. In transparent objects such as glass products or the like, the background image is visible through the glass, becoming difficult to separate from the image of the glass product proper.
Patent Reference 1 WO 03/032203A1

Image creation device, image creation method, and image creation program


A pattern inspection method includes acquiring an image of a pattern in a stripe region concerned, regarding each of stripe regions of the first group each not including an adjacent stripe region in plural stripe regions obtained by virtually dividing an inspection region of a target object on which patterns have been formed into the plural stripe regions each partially overlapping an adjacent stripe region, wherein the acquiring is performed using laser lights or electron beams, in a longitudinal direction of the stripe region of the first group, and acquiring an image of a pattern in a stripe region concerned, regarding each of stripe regions of the second group each not including an adjacent stripe region, in remaining stripe regions other than the first group stripe regions, wherein the acquiring is performed using laser lights or electron beams, in the longitudinal direction of the stripe region of the second group.

Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a pattern inspection apparatus and a pattern inspection method. More specifically, for example, it relates to an inspection apparatus that inspects a pattern by irradiating laser lights or electron beams so as to acquire an optical image of the pattern to be inspected, and to a method therefor.
Description of Related Art
In recent years, with the advance of high integration and large capacity of a large scale integrated circuit (LSI), the line width (critical dimension) required for circuits of semiconductor elements is becoming progressively narrower. Such semiconductor elements are manufactured by exposing and transferring a pattern onto a wafer to form a circuit by means of a reduced projection exposure apparatus, which is known as a stepper, by using an original or "master" pattern (also called a mask or a reticle, and will be generically referred to as a mask hereinafter) with a circuit pattern formed thereon. Then, in manufacturing the mask used for transferring such a fine circuit pattern onto a wafer, a pattern writing apparatus capable of writing or "drawing" fine circuit patterns by using electron beams needs to be employed. Pattern circuits may be written directly on the wafer by the pattern writing apparatus. Also, a laser beam writing apparatus that uses laser beams in place of electron beams for writing a pattern is under development.
Since LSI manufacturing requires a tremendous amount of manufacturing cost, it is crucial to improve its yield. However, as typified by a 1-gigabit DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), the scale of a pattern configuring an LSI has been changing from on the order of submicron to nanometer. One of major factors that decrease the yield of the LSI manufacturing is a pattern defect of a mask used when exposing and transferring a fine pattern onto a semiconductor wafer by the photolithography technology. In recent years, with miniaturization of an LSI pattern formed on a semiconductor wafer, dimensions to be detected as a pattern defect have become extremely small. Thus, a pattern inspection apparatus for inspecting a defect of a transfer mask used in manufacturing LSI needs to be highly accurate.
Meanwhile, with development of multimedia technology, the size of LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) substrate is becoming larger, e.g., 500 mm×600 mm or greater, and the size of a pattern such as a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) or the like formed on the liquid crystal substrate is becoming finer. Therefore, it is increasingly required that an extremely small defect of a pattern should be inspected in a large range. For this reason, development of a pattern inspection apparatus that can efficiently and short-timely inspect a defect of a photomask used when manufacturing large area LCD patterns and large-area LCDs is urgently required.
As an inspection method, there is known a method of comparing an optical image of a pattern, formed on a target object or "sample", such as a lithography mask, imaged at a predetermined magnification by using a magnifying optical system with design data or an optical image obtained by imaging the same pattern on the target object. For example, the following is known as pattern inspection methods: die-to-die inspection method that compares data of optical images of identical patterns at different positions on the same mask; and die-to-database inspection method that inputs, into the inspection apparatus, writing data (design pattern data) which is generated by converting pattern-designed CAD data to a writing apparatus specific format for input when writing a pattern on the mask, generates design image data (reference image) based on the input writing data, and compares the generated design image data with an optical image (serving as measurement data) obtained by imaging the pattern. According to the inspection method for use in such an inspection apparatus, a target object is placed on the stage so that a light flux may scan the object by the movement of the stage in order to perform an inspection. Specifically, the target object is irradiated with a light flux from the light source and the illumination optical system. Light transmitted through the target object or reflected therefrom is focused on a sensor through the optical system. An image captured by the sensor is transmitted as measurement data to the comparison circuit. In the comparison circuit, after performing position alignment of images, measurement data and reference data are compared with each other in accordance with an appropriate algorithm. If there is no matching between the compared data, it is determined that a pattern defect is present.
When performing the pattern inspection, the existence or nonexistence of a defect of a pattern in a stripe region is inspected by dividing the whole of an inspection region of a target object into a plurality of strip-shaped stripe regions and scanning a stripe region concerned in the longitudinal direction with inspection beams. In that case, inspection is performed in order for a next stripe region adjacent to the stripe region having been inspected. With the current trend of miniaturization of patterns, it is necessary to strengthen (increase) the light intensity of a deep ultraviolet (DUV) light used as an inspection light. For this reason, the stripe region having been inspected is heated by the scanning using by a laser light. Thus, if the same stripe region is inspected twice, characteristics of an image acquired for the first time and characteristics of an image acquired for the second time after the heating are completely different from each other. Such heat affects not only the stripe region concerned but also the adjacent stripe region. Usually, adjacent stripe regions are set to be mutually slightly overlapping so as to avoid omission of detection of a defect at the boundary. Therefore, when scanning a stripe region concerned to be inspected, a part of the adjacent stripe region is also scanned. Thus, there is a problem that, because of the influence of the heat, it becomes difficult to acquire a highly precise image even in inspecting an adjacent stripe region.
As pattern miniaturization further advances, since resolution limit may be exceeded when using a DUV light source. Therefore, an inspection apparatus that uses electron beams whose resolution is higher than that of a DUV light source will be needed. However, if a stripe region is scanned in the longitudinal direction with an electron beam, electron charge-up occurs in the stripe region having been inspected. Then, when the same stripe region is inspected twice, an image acquired for the first time and an image acquired for the second time after the charging up are completely different from each other. Such charge-up affects not only the stripe region concerned but also the adjacent stripe region. As described above, adjacent stripe regions are set to be mutually slightly overlapping so as to avoid omission of detection of a defect at the boundary. Therefore, when scanning a stripe region concerned to be inspected, a part of the adjacent stripe region is also scanned. Thus, there is a problem that, because of the influence of the charging up, it becomes difficult to acquire a highly precise image even in inspecting an adjacent stripe region.
As technique related to the inspection apparatus that performs inspection using electron beams, there is disclosed an inspection apparatus in which an image of one line in a stripe region concerned is obtained by performing scanning in a single stroke of an electron beam in the short side direction of the stripe region to be inspected (refer to, e.g., Japanese Patent Application Laid-open (JP-A) No. 2009-192345). The technique employed in this inspection apparatus is to repeat a line scanning back and forth for going scanning and returning scanning of the same line in order to perform image acquisition and perform discharging, etc. of the region having just been charged.
As mentioned above, there is a problem that the image of an adjacent stripe region is distorted by inspecting (scanning) a target stripe region. However, a method sufficient for solving this problem has not been established yet.

Pattern inspection method and pattern inspection apparatus


A method of processing a signal in a wireless network including multiple chains is provided. This method can include receiving the signal in a receiver and, for each chain, performing a Barker correlation on the signal to generate a Barker correlated signal. At this point, an autocorrelation can be performed on the Barker correlated signal to generate an autocorrelated signal. The autocorrelated signals from the multiple chains can be summed to generate a summed output. Additional processing, e.g. at least one of CCK weak signal detection, peak selection in a rake receiver, frequency estimation, and differential decoding, can then be performed based on the summed output.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to signal processing in a wireless communication network and particularly to signal processing in this network when multiple chains are used.
2. Related Art
In accordance with the guidelines promulgated in IEEE 802.11b, a packet can include a preamble followed by a header. All 802.11b-compliant systems support a long preamble, which includes 128 bits for a synchronization (Sync) field and 16 bits for a start frame delimiter (SFD) field. A short preamble, which includes 56 bits for the Sync field and 16 bits for the SFD field, is provided to improve throughput when data such as voice, VOIP, or streaming video is being transmitted.
Before transmission, the preamble (whether long or short) is spread using a Barker code that has eleven "chips", i.e. 10110111000. Note that after the preamble, other parts of the packet can be spread using a Barker code or a CCK code, depending on the data rate used for transmission.
Upon receiving a signal, a receiver can use cross-correlation to try and match the Barker code with the received signal. Notably, a Barker code has certain mathematical qualities that can help the receiver detect the packet and determine the boundaries of each symbol, thereby providing synchronization. After synchronization, the receiver can begin further processing of the packet, e.g. decoding and other processing.
Typically in decoding, a rake receiver can be used to counter the adverse effects of multipath. That is, in wireless communication, radio signals can reach a receiver's antenna by multiple paths (created because of, for example, reflection off of physical objects). Referring to FIG. 1, because each signal travels at the speed of light but travels by a different path to the receiver's antenna, a receiver can receive the multipath signals 101 as energy pulses over a period of time.
A rake receiver typically includes a plurality of sub-receivers (called fingers herein), wherein each finger has a small delay that allows tuning to an individual multipath component. FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary finger 201 that collects symbol energy for a rake receiver 200. In this embodiment, a matching block 207 can receive an input RF signal and assign each finger of rake receiver 200 an energy "peak". The assigned peak can be provided to a Barker correlator 202, a delay equalizer 204, and code generators 205. Barker correlator 202, with additional input from code generators 205 (which generate the code for identifying symbols at the assigned energy) and the received RF signal, can provide de-spreading of the received RF signal for both I and Q branches. A phase rotator 203 can receive outputs of Barker correlator 202 and a channel estimator 206 (which also receives outputs of correlator 202) to estimate the phase-corrected state of the received RF signal channel. Delay equalizer 204, which also receives the outputs of phase rotator 203, can determine the appropriate compensation of the delay for the difference in arrival times of the symbols in finger 201. This output can then be provided to combiner 208, which receives outputs from other fingers (which can include identical function blocks to finger 201 and therefore are shown merely as additional arrows pointing to combiner 208).
Thus, as noted in FIG. 2, although each multipath component can be decoded independently, the rake receiver subsequently combines the multipath components in combiner 208. Notably, in a multipath environment, a direct signal is not necessarily the best signal. Thus, by combining the multipath components, an optimized signal can be obtained, thereby improving receiver performance.
In one embodiment called an equal-gain combining, the rake receiver outputs can be combined by weighting each output equally. In another embodiment called maximal ratio combining (MRC), each output is weighted to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the combined output.
As proposed, IEEE 802.11n is a standard directed to handling multiple chains (facilitated by MIMO, i.e. multiple-input multiple-output), in contrast to the single chain described above in accordance with 802.11b. An existing technique for handling multiple chains is to use switch diversity, e.g. determine which chain provides the highest SNR and selecting the signals from that chain for decoding. However, combining signals from all chains could provide better receiver performance. Therefore, a need arises for improving the processing of signals in the context of IEEE 802.11n, i.e. wherein the wireless network includes multiple chains.

Signal processing for multiple chains including barker code correlation and auto-correlation


Provided is an ejection amount correction method and an applying apparatus, which can correctly measure the amount of an applied droplet and accurately correct the ejection amount. In an ejection amount correction method for measuring the amount of a liquid material ejected from a nozzle and correcting the ejection amount of the liquid material, a mirror is set near an application target surface at a predetermined angle with respect to the application target surface, an image of a droplet formed on the application target surface is picked up from a side through the mirror, the volume of the droplet is calculated based on the picked-up image of the droplet, and the ejection amount is corrected based on the calculated volume. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also provided.

Regarding a technique for ejecting the liquid material in a constant amount, there has hitherto been a problem that, when the ejection is performed for a long time, the liquid material causes a time-dependent change in viscosity thereof and the ejection amount of the liquid material varies.
Recently, with further downsizing and higher-density packaging of chips or with more versatility of application work, there have been not only a demand for continuously performing fine application of the liquid material in a very small amount, but also a need for suppressing a variation in the ejection amount of the liquid material to a lower level. Above all, in the underfill step, even finer application of the liquid material in an even smaller amount is required.
As techniques for coping with the variation in the ejection amount of the liquid material by measuring the amount of the ejected liquid material with the aid of a dedicated measuring device and adjusting the ejection amount based on the measured result, there are known an ejection amount correction method of measuring the weight of the liquid material by using an electronic scale (Patent Document 1), and a device for picking up an image of a droplet of the liquid material and measuring the amount of the droplet based on the picked-up image (Patent Document 2).
Patent Document 1 discloses an ejection amount correction method comprising the steps of periodically measuring the weight of the ejected material, comparing the measured weight with a specified weight, and when the measured weight and the specified weight differ from each other, making control for correcting a number of pulses and a pulse frequency, which are used to drive a pulse motor pump, such that the measured weight comes closer to the specified weight.
Patent Document 2 discloses an application amount adjustment method comprising the steps of registering a target application amount, supplying a gas pressure to a syringe to eject a bond from a nozzle for a trial application, recognizing the bond applied for a trial and calculating the magnitude of the application amount, comparing the calculated trial application amount with the target application amount to determine whether the difference between both the amounts is within an allowable error, and when the difference is not within the allowable error, repeating the above-mentioned steps while changing the magnitude of the gas pressure supplied to the syringe or a time during which the gas pressure is supplied to the syringe.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-303275
Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. H11-97829

Ejection amount correction method and coating apparatus


A data transmitting apparatus includes a sensor. When an alarm is generated from the sensor, a post-alarm recording is started, and a plurality of still image files are written to an alarm storage area of an SDRAM by a memory control circuit. The still image files within the alarm storage area are transmitted to an image accumulating server through an NIC during a period from occurrence of the alarm to becoming full of the alarm storage area. Furthermore, still image files created in a normal recording after the post-alarm recording are intermittently transmitted to the image accumulating server at an arbitrary file transmission cycle. The still image files which have not been transmitted yet out of the still image files in the alarm storage area are transmitted to the image accumulating server at intervals of the file transmission operations in the normal recording mode.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a data transmitting apparatus which is applied to a video camera, for example. More specifically, the present invention relates to a data transmitting apparatus which transmits to an image management apparatus still image data of each object periodically photographed by an imager through a communication network.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In such a kind of video camera, image data of a photographed object is transmitted to an image management apparatus through a communication network such as the Internet. However, in a case of transmitting the image data through the communication network, a transmission speed of the image data depends on traffic of the communication network, and therefore, there is a case of causing a so-called frame lacking on the image data to be transmitted. Such a problem is conspicuous when the prior art is applied to a surveillance camera system and a frame rate of the photographed image data to be transmitted is heightened in response to occurrence of an alarm (e.g., 3 fps→30 fps). That is, the higher importance the photographed image data has, the higher a possibility of the frame lacking becomes, and therefore, a part of the image data obtained after the occurrence of the alarm may be lacked. On the other hand, in the surveillance camera system, reproducing in real-time the photographed image data is not required so much.


Technologies are generally described for systems, methods and devices effective to remove information from a network such as the Internet. In some examples, a device may include a memory including instructions and a processor configured in communication with the memory. The processor may be configured effective to receive user information relating to a user and search the network using the user information. In response to the search, the processor may find additional information relating to the user stored in the network. The processor may receive a first request to remove particular information from the network. The particular information may be part of the additional information and the particular information may be removable by a second user. The processor may send a second request to remove the particular information from the network.

Unless otherwise indicated herein, the materials described in this section are not prior art to the claims in this application and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
A network such as the Internet is a collection of computers and/or processors connected to be in communication. A social network on the Internet may allow a user to post information about the user so that others in the user's social network may view the information by communication through the Internet. Information about the user may include pictures, videos, text, commentaries, etc.


An optical deflector which deflects incident light, includes an optical deflection element which deflects the incident light when a distribution of internal refraction indexes of the optical deflection element is modulated. The light incident on the optical deflection element is emitted from the optical deflection element after passing through the optical deflection element a plurality of times.

Various optical deflectors which deflect incident light have conventionally been studied. Optical deflectors are devices indispensable to, for example, laser scanners used in laser printers or the like. Examples of conventional optical deflectors include polygon scanners, galvanometer scanners, and MEMS mirrors. However, since such polygon scanners, galvanometer scanners, MEMS mirrors, or the like include a mobile unit (mechanical mechanism) for moving parts, there is a problem in that a failure easily occurs. For this reason, there is demand for the development of optical deflectors capable of deflecting light without including a mobile unit.
In response to that demand, an optical deflector as disclosed in Patent Literature (PTL) 1 below has been proposed. This optical deflector does not include a mobile unit, and deflects light with use of the fact that the refractive indexes of liquid crystals are modulated by application of voltage. Through this, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of failures and achieve high reliability.
Now, a conventional optical deflector will be described with reference to FIGS. 14A and 14B. FIG. 14A is a cross-sectional view of a conventional optical deflector, and FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view of the optical deflector taken along line A-A in FIG. 14A. An optical deflector 50 shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B includes an optical deflection element 501 and three pairs of electrodes 502a, 502b, and 502c provided in the periphery of the optical deflection element 501. The optical deflection element 501 includes a liquid crystal 503 having a triangular shape in cross section and a dielectric 504 having a shape complementary to that of the liquid crystal 503. The dielectric 504 is provided on the inclined face side of the liquid crystal 503, as a result of which the optical deflection element 501 as a whole is configured in a rectangular shape in cross section. The dielectric 504 may be made of, for example, a polymeric resin such as a plastic, or glass. The three pairs of electrodes 502a, 502b, and 502c are each provided such that the two electrodes face each other with the optical deflection element 501 therebetween.
Light is incident on the optical deflection element 501 as indicated by an arrow 505 in FIG. 14A. The refractive index of the liquid crystal 503 is modulated by application of voltage (including zero voltage) between each of the three pairs of electrodes 502a, 502b, and 502c, and the light incident on the optical deflection element 501 is deflected. When a refractive index NL of the liquid crystal 503 is higher than a refractive index ND of the dielectric 504, light is refracted in a direction indicated by an arrow 505h in FIG. 14A. When the refractive index NL of the liquid crystal 503 is lower than the refractive index ND of the dielectric 504, light is refracted in a direction indicated by an arrow 505m in FIG. 14A. In this way, the light deflected inside the optical deflection element 501 is emitted from the optical deflection element 501. When the refractive index NL of the liquid crystal 503 and the refractive index ND of the dielectric 504 are the same value, light travels in a straight direction indicated by an arrow 505s in FIG. 14A without being refracted.
The response speed of the optical deflection element 501 when deflecting light depends on the height of the liquid crystal 503. According to PTL 1, the liquid crystal 503 having a height of 20 μm or less achieves a response speed of 100 μsec or less, and the liquid crystal 503 having a height of 15 μm or less achieves a response speed of 30 μsec or less. Here, by changing the difference between the refractive index NL of the liquid crystal 503 and the refractive index ND of the dielectric 504 by approximately 0.2, light can be deflected at an angle of approximately 30 degrees.
Furthermore, PTL 2 below discloses a liquid crystal display apparatus which provides three dimensional (3D) images using the above optical deflector. FIG. 14C is a cross-sectional view of a conventional liquid crystal display apparatus. A liquid crystal display apparatus 60 in FIG. 14C includes an optical deflector 601, a light guide plate 602, a light source 603, a liquid crystal panel 604, a pair of stereo cameras 605a and 605b, and a control unit 606. The optical deflector 601 includes a plurality of the optical deflection elements 501 arranged horizontally. The control unit 606 controls the liquid crystal panel 604, the optical deflector 601, the light source 603, and the pair of stereo cameras 605a, and 605b. Light emitted from the light source 603 is incident on the lateral face of the light guide plate 602, propagates through the light guide plate 602, is directed upward in a substantially vertical direction by the prism shaped bottom of the light guide plate 602, and then is emitted from the top face of the light guide plate 602. The light, incident on the optical deflector 601 substantially vertically, is deflected at a different deflection angle for each optical deflection element 501 at predetermined timing, thereby being collected onto a right eye 607a of a viewer 607. In synchronization with the predetermined timing, the control unit 606 causes the liquid crystal panel 604 to display a right-eye image. After the above predetermined timing, light is deflected by the optical deflector 601 to be collected onto a left eye 607b of the viewer 607. In synchronization with this timing, the control unit 606 causes the liquid crystal panel 604 to display a left-eye image. By alternately switching between the images displayed on the liquid crystal panel 604 at a predetermined cycle (for example, 8.3 msec: 120 Hz), the viewer 607 perceives the images displayed on the liquid crystal panel 604 as 3D images.
In a case where the position of the viewer 607 shifts, the control unit 606 adjusts the angle of light deflected the deflector 601, based on the positions of the eyes 607a and 607b of the viewer 607 detected by the pair of stereo cameras 605a and 605b. As a result, it is possible to continuously provide right-eye images to the right eye 607a and left-eye images to the left eye 607b.

Optical deflector, optical deflection apparatus, and liquid crystal display apparatus using the optical deflector and the optical deflection apparatus


The present invention provides a process for deep desulphurization of cracked gasoline with minimum octane loss of about 1-2 units. In this process full range cracked gasoline from FCC, Coker, Visbreaker etc is sent to Diolefin Saturation Reactor for selective saturation of diolefins. After saturation of diolefins, the stream is sent to Splitter for splitting into three cuts i.e Light Cut (IBP-70° C.), Intermediate Cut (70-90° C.) and Heavy Cut (90-210° C.). The Light Cut which contains majority of the high octane olefins and mercaptan sulfur is desulfurized with caustic treatment using Continuous Film Contactor (CFC). The sulfur in the Intermediate Cut is also predominantly mercaptans and the cut can be desulfurized by caustic treatment using CFC along with Light cut or separately desulfurized before being sent for isomerization. The Heavy Cut containing mainly thiophinic sulfur compounds is treated either by using conventional HDS process or reactive adsorption process.

Petroleum refineries are facing the challenge of producing motor gasoline meeting stringent specifications with regard to several key properties like sulphur, olefins, octane number etc. Gasoline from FCC (Fluidized bed Catalytic Cracking or Fluid Catalytic Cracking) accounts for over 90% of the sulfur and olefins in gasoline. Sulfur can be removed from FCC gasoline by catalytic hydrodesulphurization (HDS) process. This process, however, requires high consumption of hydrogen and significantly reduces fuel octane number due to almost complete olefin saturation.
The different types of gasoline made by catalytic cracking or thermal cracking are excellent basic constituents for producing commercial motor gasoline, owing to their high content of olefinic compounds and aromatic compounds which provide high octane number to these types of gasoline. Commonly the sulfur content of these types of gasoline (which may be defined as the fraction distilling between C5 and 210° C.) depends on the sulfur content of the heavy charge subjected to catalytic cracking. Earlier the sulfur content of these fractions was lower than those of the trade specifications, after admixture with gasoline obtained by other processes as, for example, catalytic reforming. A sweetening treatment of the gasoline was performed for removing compounds of the mercaptan type, which have a substantial corrosion effect and reduce the favourable effect, on the octane number, of lead additives.
This conventional treatment does not change substantially the total sulfur content of said gasoline. Presently the increase of the sulfur content of the catalytic cracking or thermal cracking charges and the decrease of the tolerable sulfur content of motor gasoline in the trade, give a further interest to a desulfurization treatment of these gasoline which removes the sulfur without changing to a substantial extent the octane number of these gasoline.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,007,704 disclosed a process for desulphurization of catalytic cracking gasoline by fractionating into Light (C5-180° C.) and Heavy (180+° C.) cuts. The Light cut is optionally hydrogenated for saturation of dienes followed by mild hydro treatment and sweetening. The Heavy cut is hydrotreated in hydrotreatment unit. As shown in examples, there is significant loss of octane number of about 6-8 units with product sulfur of about 50 ppm.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,103,105 discloses a process for reduction of sulfur content in FCC gasoline. The heaviest fraction is hydrotreated in a hydrotreator in the first bed and the effluent is quenched with the intermediate fraction in the second bed. However, the process does not discuss anything for desulphurization of the Light cut.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,334,948 discloses a process for producing gasoline with lower sulfur content by fractionating into Light (C5-180° C.) and Heavy (180+° C.) cuts. The Light cut is hydrodesulfurized over Nickel-based catalyst and the Heavy cut is hydrodesulphurized over a catalyst comprising of at least one group VIII metal and/or at least one group VIB metal. The process shows benefit of octane loss as compared to conventional hydrodesulphurization. As shown in examples there is loss in research octane number of about 3 units with product sulfur about 324 ppm. Further deep desulfurization below 50 ppm will result more loss in octane value.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,306,714 discloses a process for desulphurizing gasoline in presence of catalyst. The process showed higher selectively for desulphurization than olefin saturation in comparison to conventional HDS process. Process is improved version of conventional HDS; however, it will still have higher loss in octane number for product sulfur below 50 ppm.
Canadian patent CA2330461C discloses a process for upgrading a heavy hydrocarbon feed containing at least 0.05 wt. % sulfur to obtain a product with a reduced sulfur content. However, it does not disclose the octane loss amount. Also, deep desulfurization is not taught.
US patent application US 2005035028(A1) discloses a process for hydrodesulfurising gas oil or vacuum distillate, preferably, a vacuum gas oil and/or vacuum distillate. It gives a method of reducing the quantity of heat to be supplied to the feed in the fractionation section which enables that section to be operated at moderate temperatures. It does not speak of deep desulfurization of gasoline feedstock, nor does it disclose the octane loss amount.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,397,739(A) discloses a process for lowering the sulfur or sulfur compounds content of a catalytic cracking or steam cracking gasoline boiling between 30° C. C. and 220° C., without substantially decreasing its octane number. The gasoline is split into two fractions of different boiling ranges. It, however, neither teach removal of mercaptan sulfur, nor reduction of benzene content of the gasoline pool.
In PCT publication WO 2005019387(A1), naphtha streams, preferably cracked naphtha streams containing both olefinic compounds and mercaptans, are first treated to convert at least a portion of the mercaptans to disulfides followed by thiophene alkylation. This results in a sufficient change in boiling range to allow for separation of at least a portion of the alkylated sulfur species and disulfides from the light naphtha. This results a low sulfur light naphtha stream with little loss in octane number. It neither teaches deep desulfurisation, nor reduction of benzene content of the gasoline pool.
However, these publications in the area of desulfurization of gasoline do not envisage deep desulfurization of cracked gasoline feedstock with minimum octane loss which has been achieved by the process of the present invention.
The main aim of the invention is to provide a process for deep desulfurization of cracked gasoline feedstocks to produce product containing <10 ppm sulfur with minimum octane loss of about 1-2 units.
Another aim of the invention is to provide a pretreatment process to reduce diolefins content of full range cracked gasoline below permissible level preferably below 0.1% more preferably below 0.05% and most preferably below 0.02%.
Yet another aim of the invention is to split pretreated gasoline into three cuts:                a) Light cut preferably IBP-120° C., more preferably IBP-90° C., most preferably IBP-70° C.        b) Intermediate cut preferably 70-120° C., more preferably 70-100° C., most preferably 70-90° C.        c) Heavy cut preferably 70-210° C., more preferably 120-210° C., most preferably 90-210° C.
Another aim of the invention is to treat Light and/or Intermediate cuts with caustic solution to remove Mercaptan sulfur using Continuous Film Contactor (CFC) preferably below 10 ppm, more preferably below 5 ppm and most preferably below 2 ppm.
A further aim of the invention is to hydrotreat Heavy cut gasoline over a CoMo or NiMo catalyst to reduce sulfur preferably below 30 ppm, more preferably below 10 ppm and most preferably below 5 ppm
A still further aim of the invention is to treat Heavy cut gasoline over a reactive adsorbent to reduce sulfur preferably below 15 ppm, more preferably below 10 ppm and most preferably below 5 ppm
A further aim of the invention is to send Intermediate Cut to isomerization unit as feedstock to reduce benzene content of the gasoline pool.
The above aims are attained by the present invention which relates to a process for deep desulfurization of cracked gasoline feedstock to produce product(s) containing <10 ppm sulfur with minimum octane loss not exceeding 2 units, which comprises treating full range cracked gasoline over a low activity NiMo or CoMo catalyst at a pressure varying between 5 and 10 bar, temperature in the range of 100° C. to 200° C., and hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio varying between 5 and 25 depending on diolefin content in the feed to reduce diolefin contents below permissible level, preferably below 0.10%.

Process for deep desulfurization of cracked gasoline with minimum octane loss


An appliance, such as a refrigerator, includes a drawer mounted within a cabinet for movement between an opened position and a closed position. A driving mechanism, including an electric motor and a transmission assembly, connects to the drawer for driving the drawer between the opened position and the closed position. The driving mechanism has an engaged state wherein the drawer is power driven by the driving mechanism between the opened and closed positions and a disengaged state wherein the drawer is manually movable between the opened and closed positions.

The present disclosure generally relates to appliances, such as refrigerators, and more particularly relates to a powered drawer in an appliance. In one embodiment, a powered refrigerator drawer includes a drawer mounted within a refrigerator for movement between a closed position and an open position, and a driving mechanism connected to the drawer for driving the drawer between the closed and open positions, wherein the driving mechanism has an engaged state in which the drawer is power driven by the driving mechanism between the closed and open positions and a disengaged state in which the drawer is manually movable between the closed and opened positions. The powered drawer will be described with particular reference to this embodiment, but it is to be appreciated that it is also amenable to other like applications (e.g., used in another type of appliance).
By way of background, appliances, including refrigerators, sometimes include a drawer. A popular refrigerator configuration includes a bottom mounted freezer drawer that slides in and out for easy access. However, with the drawer being at the bottom of the refrigerator cabinet, bending and a significant pulling force are required for opening the drawer. This is met with some difficulty for certain people, such as elderly people. In addition, the drawer typically includes a gasket for sealing thereof when in its closed position. The sealing by the gasket causes an increased force to be needed for opening the drawer to overcome sealing of the gasket.
Others have sometimes attempted to overcome the foregoing problems and others by modifying the freezer drawer. For example, some freezer drawers employ a pivoting action to overcome the sealing of the gasket to allow the drawer to be more easily opened. Other freezer drawers are moved over a slight incline upward as the drawer is opened such that the drawer is biased to its fully closed position by gravitational force to facilitate full closure of the freezer drawer. Of course, such an incline, even when slight, causes yet further force to be applied to the drawer when opening it.


A mine clearing vehicle (1) having a milling cutter drum (2) adapted to tear up soil, plant parts, mines, etc. on or within the top soil layer. The milling cutter drum (2) may advantageously be divided into discs (7) provided with teeth (8).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a mine clearing vehicle.
At war or when war menaces, land areas are often mined to prevent or delay the advance of the enemy. Mining is also used as a terror weapon against the civil population.
A military unit advancing over a mined area, tries to reduce losses by clearing passages of mines and then advancing along the passages. A known manner to effect mine clearing is first to localize mines by means of known equipment for mine searching and, thereafter, either to detonate or disarm and neutralize them. Another known way to effect mine clearing is to load the ground by means of a mine clearing vehicle in order to make possible hidden mines to detonate. The ground can be loaded by means of movable lugs, claws or drums thumping against the ground in front of the mine clearing vehicle. Another known solution is to provide a mine clearing vehicle with a horizontal rotary shaft to which is attached sections of chain being hurled against the ground in front of the mine clearing vehicle. Equipment of this kind is, of course, built in order to withstand mine explosions and to protect the driver.
As long as a war situation prevails, mine fields are seldom completely cleared; it is common that areas remain mined. Years after the conflict is over, they may lie fallow. When after a long time it becomes necessary to clear an area of mines, the area is often overgrown with bushes and smaller trees. An area which for many years has been impossible to use for e.g. agriculture because of mines, often remains unused after mine clearing because the area is overgrown. Overgrowth gives reduced passable conditions and makes, moreover, the mine clearing difficult, either the mines are to be searched and localized or detonated by means of a mine clearing vehicle of a kind known in the art. Overgrowth can to a certain degree shield mines from mine clearing vehicle and prevent mines to be detonated.
The object of the invention is to provide a mine clearing vehicle which can neutralize mines, especially in overgrown areas. Also, it is an object that the mine clearing vehicle shall increase the value of use of a mine cleared area through a cultivating effect on the soil and removal of plants in the area concerned.
The objects are achieved through features as defined in the following claims.


The present application and the resultant patent provide a carton for a number of articles. The carton may include a top wall, a pair of sidewalls, a rear wall, and a dispenser section. The dispenser section may extend along a top wall portion of the top wall, a side wall portion of each of the pair of sidewalls, and the rear wall.

Various types of cartons are known for enclosing different types of articles such as cans, bottles, and other objects. One popular type of container in the beverage industry is known as the "FRIDGE PACK™" carton. For example, various types of "FRIDGE PACK™" cartons are produced for and sold by or under license to The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Ga. The "FRIDGE PACK™" cartons thus promote the sale of Coca-Cola® brand products and similar items therein. Various types of "FRIDGE PACK™" carton designs may be known in different sizes, shapes, and configurations and for different types of articles.
The "FRIDGE PACK™" cartons generally have a two by six (2×6) product configuration, with two (2) product columns in width and six (6) product rows in length. One end of the carton generally may be scored so as to permit the removal of a dispenser section. Once the dispenser section is opened and/or removed, a consumer may grasp and remove the products therein. The design of two (2) product columns and six (6) product rows with removable a dispenser section generally promotes the use of the carton within a standard refrigerator shelf and the like. Other configurations also may be known.
A further recent development in the beverage industry has been the introduction of mini-cans. Mini-cans generally provide about 7.5 ounces (about 0.22 liters) of a beverage as opposed to the conventional 12 ounce can (about 0.35 liters). As a result, the calories consumed by a consumer likewise are reduced. For example, a carbonated soft drink in a 7.5 ounce mini-can may contain about ninety (90) calories or so. Other sizes and volumes also may be used. Other types of containers also may be used.
There is thus a desire to adapt the "FRIDGE PACK™" carton concept and the like to the use of mini-cans. Such a carton may conveniently transport and store such mini-cans while also providing ease of access thereto. The "FRIDGE PACK™" carton concept likewise may leverage and promote existing brand identity in effective and unique ways.


An adjustable positioning apparatus, which may be used for a foot-operated control, includes a first member that is movably supported with respect to a base, an adjuster that is supported on the first member, and a second member. The adjuster includes a displacement device, an actuator, and a controller. The displacement device includes a first portion that is coupled to the first member, and includes a second portion that is displaced with respect to the first portion. The actuator displaces the second portion with respect to the first portion, and the controller operates the actuator and determines displacement of the second portion with respect to the first portion. The second member is coupled to the second portion.

A known adjustable pedal uses an electrical motor to rotate a drive cable that, in turn, rotates a worm gear to adjust the position of a pedal. Other known actuators eliminate the cable and connect the worm gear more directly to a pedal lever. These known systems are believed to suffer from a number of disadvantages, which include large numbers of parts, excessive noise and imprecise output. Another disadvantage of these know assemblies is believed to be the large size requirements within the tight confines of the driver's footwell.

Actuator apparatus incorporating a controller


To improve reliability for multi-layer media, a data stream U is received for recording to a multi-layer rotating storage medium, the data stream U comprising a sequence of data bits. Each data bit U(J) is encoded into X representation bits. A first representation bit B(1,J) is recorded onto a first layer of the storage media, the second representation bit B(2,J) is recorded onto a second layer of the storage media, etc. When a request to read the recorded data U from the storage media is subsequently received, a plurality of the X representation bits are read back from the storage media and are decoded into the original data bit U(J). One embodiment employs a convolution encoding algorithm and PRML decoding algorithm. Another embodiment employs Reed Solomon encoding/decoding.

Rotating data storage media having multiple recording layers is one method which is employed to increase the amount of data that can be stored in a given volume. As used herein, the term "layer" refers broadly to the recording surfaces of a stack of disk platters secured to a single spindle as well as to recording layers embedded within a single piece of media. FIG. 1 is an example of the former, a hard disk stack 100 with four platters 110, 120, 130, 140. Each platter 110, 120 has two recording surfaces, 110A and 110B, 120A and 120B, 130A and 130B, and 140A and 140B, respectively. As is known, the platters are secured to a spindle 150 and rotate together. FIG. 2 is an example of the latter, a cross-section of a multi-layer optical disc 200 having four recordable layers 210A, 210B, 210C, 210D embedded therein between spacer layers. Multi-layer optical disk 200 may be a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk), HD-DVD (High Definition DVD) disk, or a Blu-Ray disk. The layers are accessed optically via laser 220. Data is typically initially recorded in sequential blocks, continuing from one layer to the next. In a re-writable environment, as data is modified or overwritten, blocks with new data may become more spread out to fill gaps left by old, erased or moved data.
While increasing data density by recording to multi-layer media provides many benefits, some data may be at risk if part or all of a layer becomes unreadable, such as from a scratch, media defect, head crash or aging, among others. Consequently, a need remains for improving the reliability of multi-layer media and, therefore, the security of the data recorded thereon.

Redundancy protection for data recorded across multiple layers of recording media

International Business Machines Corporation