A transfer system for transferring workpieces between successive die stations in a stamping press employing elongate bars with workpiece grippers mounted thereon. Two elongate support beams are mounted on vertical primary supports on opposite sides of the press. Two mounting heads are mounted on each beam and are horizontally movable thereon. Each head is independently movable and is connectible by one elongate bar to either the mounting head on the same beam or to an opposing mounting head mounted on the other beam, the choice dependent on the workpiece flow direction.

This invention relates to transfer systems for transferring workpieces between successive die stations in a stamping press and also to a carriage component for use in such systems.
The manufacturing industry, and in particular the metal fabrication and stamping industries, commonly utilize automated systems that allow a workpiece to be conveyed or transferred between equally spaced workstations where particular operations are carried out. For example, many metal parts on automobiles and appliances are formed by means of a stamping procedure employing a series of dies that are situated on a number of aligned and equally spaced workstations within the bed of a transfer press. The part is formed progressively from a workpiece upon each stroke of the press. Automated transfer systems are typically employed to grasp the workpiece, remove it from one set of dies and then transport the workpiece laterally through the press bed to the next adjacent workstation where it will be stamped a second time with a further set of dies upon the next stroke of the press.
A press transfer system utilized in conjunction with a typical multi-stage press commonly includes at least one transversely oriented transfer rail situated adjacent to the press bed and aligned with the various workstations. Depending upon the particular application and the press layout, a single transfer rail may be positioned along one side of the press bed or, alternatively, a separate transfer rail may be located on each side of the bed of the press. Regardless, the primary function of the transfer rail is to provide a mechanism by which tools, generally referred to as grippers or fingers, may be supported adjacent to the workstations and moved to allow a workpiece to be grasped and transported to the next workstation.
Movement of workpieces from workstation to workstation involves the movement of the transfer rail in what usually amounts to a relatively complex three-dimensional manner. Described generally, this movement involves (i) moving the rail toward the workstation such that the grippers or fingers may grasp the workpiece (referred to as movement in the Y-axis direction); (ii) lifting the rail upwardly to remove the workpiece from the dies of a particular workstation (referred to as movement in the Z-axis direction); (iii) moving the rail longitudinally and parallel to the press bed to align the workpieces with the next adjacent workstation (referred to as movement in the X-axis direction; (iv) lowering the rail to allow the grippers to place the workpieces onto the next adjacent set of dies (Z-axis movement); (v) retracting the rail from the workstation (Y-axis movement) to extract the grippers from the press bed so they are not damaged with the next stroke of the press; and, finally, returning back to the starting position (X-axis movement).
The primary reason for utilizing a press transfer system in fabrication and stamping operations is to maximize production efficiency by increasing the throughput of a production line. A press and its related equipment in a stamping or fabrication facility represent a significant capital investment for a manufacturer. In order to maximize the return on that investment there is a desire to maintain presses in continuous operation and to maximize the number of workpieces moving through the press over a given length of time. As a result others have devoted a considerable amount of effort into the design of transfer rails and the mechanical, hydraulic and/or pneumatic systems that drive transfer rails in the complex three-dimensional manner described above.
Most transfer systems are limited to one direction of part flow. Prior to purchasing a transfer system, generally the manufacturer must consider which direction of part flow is required and choose the transfer system accordingly. In left-right part flow, the size of the parts that can be stamped and transferred is limited by the width (front-back) of the bed of the press or the corresponding window between press columns, whichever is smaller. Press beds are normally rectangular in shape, having their left-right width significantly greater in size than the front-back width, allowing for a greater number of progressive stations in left-right part flow, relative to front-back. In front-back part flow, the left-right width of the workstation can be significantly larger than for left-right part flow workstations which allows for parts with large blank widths (left-right) to be used. Because the bed is rectangular in shape and the front-back width is smaller than the left-right width, the number of progressive stations that can fit on the bed in this direction is limited.
In summary, if the manufacturer chooses to purchase a transfer system for left-right part flow, the maximum allowable size of the blanks to be formed will be limited by the front-back width of the press bed or corresponding column window. If the manufacturer chooses to purchase a transfer system for front-back part flow, the maximum allowable size blanks to be formed will be significantly increased with respect to maximum size in the left-right part flow direction, but the number of progressive workstations will be limited by the smaller front-back width of the press bed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,577,748 which issued Mar. 25, 1986 to M. S. Willett, Inc. describes a transfer system that has transfer bars mounted on a frame which moves longitudinally as a unit. The bars move transversely on the frame. A drive box mounted on a side of the frame has transverse and longitudinal drive levers. The longitudinal drive lever has a roller which slides in a transverse track in one of the transfer bars to drive the frame forward and rearward and the transverse drive lever is pivotably connected to a link which is pivotably connected to a pivotably mounted crank arm. There are also carriages movable along upwardly and outwardly slanted slide assemblies mounted on the transfer bars. However, this known transfer apparatus is only designed to move the workpieces through the workstations in the left-right flow direction relative to the press.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,887,446 which issued Dec. 19, 1989 to J. H. Maher also describes a system for transferring workpieces through a series of linearly aligned workstations. The workpieces are transferred along an X-axis by a plurality of workpiece gripping fingers mounted on a transfer rail. Independently supported actuator units are provided which have a lateral arm to support the transfer rail and to impart up and down and back and forth movement to it. The transfer mechanism can be coordinated with operation of the press. However, in this known system, the individual actuator units are simply floor mounted by means of castors which permit each unit to be moved when required. Again, this transfer system is only set up for a left-right flow of the workpieces from one workstation to the next.
According to one aspect of the present invention, it is one object of the invention to provide a transfer system which employs four mounting heads that are independently movable on two support beams and that are each selectively connectible by means of a bar to another of the mounting heads for the purpose of transferring the workpieces either in a left-right flow direction or in a front-back flow direction relative to the press.
According to another aspect of the invention, it is another object of the invention to provide a transfer system that includes at least one improved mounting head horizontally movable on a horizontal support beam, this improved mounting head including a coupling for detachably connecting a mounting bar for supporting workpiece grippers, a lateral transfer mechanism for moving the coupling in a front-back direction and a vertical transfer mechanism for moving the coupling vertically.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved carriage apparatus for use in a transfer system, this carriage apparatus including a primary carriage body adapted for mounting on a horizontally extending support beam for substantially horizontal movement, a secondary support body mounted for vertical movement on the carriage body, and an elongate support member mounted for substantially horizontal movement on the secondary support body in a front-back direction relative to the press during use of the transfer system.

Workpiece transfer system for stamping press


A cart that is useful to contain, store and/or transport lawn and/or garden debris and filter or screen this debris into different size classifications.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains to gardening implements and more particularly to a multi-use receptacle for hauling, storing, and filtering purposes.
2. General Background
Many different devices exist which aid the user in gathering yard trash such as sticks, leaves, and twigs. Some of the more simple devices merely hold a collection receptacle or a garbage bag open so that the debris can be inserted therein. Others provide a wheeled cart that can be used to haul the collected debris around.
Some examples of the prior devices include U.S. Pat. No. 3,747,653 issued to Ringer and U.S. Pat. No. 4,805,858 issued to Taylor. The '653 patent issued to Ringer consists of a wire hoop secured around the opening of a bag so as to keep it open. An elongated rod is secured to the wire hoop to help retain the wire hoop in a vertical position during use. This rod extends along the length of the bag thereby partially collapsing it during use. Also, the rod extends along the direct flow path of the collected debris, thereby acting as an obstacle during use.
The '858 patent issued to Taylor pertains to a rigid frame around which the opening of a garbage bag is secured. This rigid frame is then staked into the ground so as to retain it in an upright position. Unfortunately, if the ground is wet or loose, the stake will not hold very well, thereby allowing the frame, and hence the opening of the bag, to collapse. Also, if the ground is hard or a rock or other obstruction is hit, the frame will not be properly secured, thereby also diminishing its effectiveness such as by permitting a gap to occur between the bag opening and the ground.
Some typical examples of the wheeled cart variety referred to above include U.S. Pat. No. 2,992,011 issued to Becan, U.S. Pat. No. 4,202,521 issued to Harding, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,040,754 issued to Dearman. The '011 patent issued to Becan pertains to a foldable wheeled cart with lid. During use, one side of the cart is placed upon the ground with the lid unfolded outwardly. The leaves or other debris are then moved onto the lid and into the cart. When full, the lid is closed and the cart pivoted on its wheels, thereby enabling the user to transport the debris as desired.
The '521 patent issued to Harding and the '754 patent issued to Dearman, both pertain to a combination bag holder and dolly that supports the bag in an upright open position during use (the '754 patent issued to Dearman can also function in a horizontal position). Trash and/or debris is deposited into the bag which is then transported elsewhere for disposal. The '521 patent issued to Harding further features a quick on/off mechanism which aids in the removal and/or replacement of the bag upon the cart. The '754 patent issued to Dearman features a pivotable ramp that aids in pushing or scooping the debris into the bag.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,782,752 to Gobetz, No. 2,757,935 to Sofia and No. 3,927,894 to Zawislak teach wheeled receptacles.
While each of these examples may function quite well for their particular intended purpose, they all have deficiencies of one type or another and they are not so suited for other tasks that a gardener may desire or require. It is thus an object of this invention to provide a portable gardening cart that can collect, store, and transport garden debris.
It is another object of this invention to provide a filtering system for filtering garden soil so as to remove any unwanted objects therefrom.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide an adjustable filtering system such that different levels or gradations of filtration can be accomplished such that the size of the object to be discarded and the size of the material to be retained can be adjusted as needed. Other objects and advantages of this invention can be ascertained from further investigation herein.

Method and receptacle for filtering lawn and garden debris


The invention is a method of forming and evaluating a weld (52). In an initial step, first and second welding electrodes (56, 60) are placed against corresponding first and second contact surface areas (57, 61) on a pair of adjoining metal parts (44, 40). A welding level of electric current is directed between the electrodes (56, 60) to form an electrical resistance weld (52) between the metal parts (44, 40). The first electrode (56) is then removed from the first contact surface area (57). A subsequent step includes sensing surface temperatures at the first contact surface area (57) by sensing infrared radiation emitted from the first contact surface area (57) under the influence of heat previously generated resistively by the welding level of electric current. The resistance weld (52) is evaluated by comparing the sensed surface temperatures with specified surface temperatures corresponding to specified weld conditions.

An inflator for an inflatable vehicle occupant protection device, such as an air bag, may include a container storing pressurized inflation fluid. The container has an outlet opening which is closed by a rupturable closure wall.
In addition to the inflation fluid, the container may store ignitable material for heating the inflation fluid. Such an inflator has an igniter containing a small charge of pyrotechnic material. A bridgewire in the igniter extends between a pair of electrodes in a heat transferring relationship with the pyrotechnic material. When the air bag is to be inflated, an actuating level of electric current is directed between the electrodes through the bridgewire. This causes the bridgewire to become resistively heated sufficiently to ignite the pyrotechnic material. The pyrotechnic material then produces combustion products which, in turn, ignite the ignitable material stored in the container.
The fluid pressure inside the container is increased by the heat generated upon combustion of the ignitable material. When the increasing fluid pressure reaches a predetermined elevated level, it ruptures the closure wall. The inflation fluid then flows from the container through the outlet opening and into the air bag more quickly than if it had not been heated and further pressurized.
Welds are used to connect the bridgewire electrically between the electrodes in the igniter, and also to fix and seal the closure wall across the outlet opening. Accordingly, it may be desirable to examine and evaluate the bridgewire welds to ensure that ignition of the ignitable material will be achieved reliably. Likewise, it may be desirable to examine and evaluate the closure wall welds to ensure that the appropriate elevated fluid pressure levels can be attained prior to rupturing of the closure wall.

Method for infrared inspection of resistence welds during assembling of an inflator


A spread spectrum slip time encoding scheme encodes data values with one or more Pseudo Noise (PN) codes and generates a corresponding PN encoded data stream. Other data values are encoded into the PN encoded data stream by varying a slip time between the PN-encoded data values.

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) encoding is a transmission technique in which a Pseudo Noise (PN) code is used as a modulation waveform to "spread" signal energy over a bandwidth much greater than the signal information bandwidth. At a receiver, the signal is "dispread" using a synchronized replica of the pseudo-noise code. The PN codes are a sequence of binary numbers called 'chips' having strong auto and cross correlation properties.
Frequency Hopping Spread Systems typically use 64 bit chip PN-codes to synchronize data streams. DSSS systems, such as the ones used with wireless Universal Serial Bus (USB) products, typically use 64 or 32 chip PN-Codes.
Referring to FIG. 1, a receiver in a spread spectrum system correlates a received spread spectrum RF data stream 12 against known PN-Codes in order to extract data values. The receiver looks for PN-code matches and PN-code mismatches. A match for a sample of PN-Code 14 equals a value of '1' and a match of an inverse sample of the PN-Code 16 equals a value of '0'.
A counter in the receiver determines when there is a PN-code match or mismatch. The counter maintains a match count 25 for the number of chips in the reference PN-code that match samples of the encoded data stream 12. When the chip match count 26 reaches an upper threshold 20, the receiver generates a data value of '1'. When the chip match count 28 reaches a lower threshold 22, the receiver generates a data value of '0'. The spread spectrum correlator has a high correlation characteristic, meaning that a large abrupt spike 26 or 28 in the match count occurs when the receiver detects PN-Codes in the encoded data stream 12.
FIG. 2 shows one example of a Spread Spectrum (SS) transmitter in further detail. The SS transmitter includes multiple flip-flops 30 that store the chips for the PN-code. The PN-code stored in the flip-flops 30 is fed into a multiplexer (mux) 32. This example shows a 64 chip PN-code with the mux 32 having one input for each PN-code chip. A counter 35 is used for controlling when the PN-code chips are output from mux 32. The counter repeatedly counts up from 0 to 63 sequentially outputting 1 chip from each of the sixty-four flip-flops 30.
An exclusive-OR gate 36 encodes transmit data 34 with the PN-codes output from the mux 32. For a data bit value of '1' for example, the chips for the 64 bit PN-code are output unchanged from exclusive-OR gate 36. For a transmit data value of '0', the exclusive-OR gate 36 inverts each chip of the 64 bit PN-code. The output of exclusive-OR gate 36 is buffered by a flip-flop 38 and then output as the PN-encoded transmit data stream 12 previously shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 shows in more detail one example of a spread spectrum correlator. Multiple flip-flops 40 are used to sample the PN-encoded transmit data stream 12. A sample clock (not shown) causes the flip-flops 40 to sequentially sample the received data stream 12. An exclusive-OR circuit 42 compares the data latched by flip-flops 40 with a reference PN-code stored in flip-flops 44. The exclusive-OR circuit 42 generates a logic '1' value for the chips in the reference PN-code that match samples of the PN-encoded data stream 12 latched by flip-flops 40. The exclusive-OR circuit 42 generates logic '0' values for the reference PN-code chips that do not match the samples latched in flip-flops 40.
For each clock period, another sample of the PN-encoded data stream 12 is latched into the flip-flops 40. For each clock period, a parallel 64-bit counter 46 counts the number of logic 1's and logic 0's output by the exclusive-OR circuit 42. When the number of logic 1 values reach the upper threshold 20 shown in FIG. 1, the counter 46 generates a data value of 1 from output 47. When the number of logic 0 values reaches the lower threshold 22 shown in FIG. 1, the counter 46 generates a data value of 0 on output 47.
Spread spectrum systems as described above have improved noise interference robustness and processing gain that allows longer range and better quality of service. However, these spread spectrum systems provide these improvements at the cost of a substantial reduction in bandwidth. For example, 64 chips have to be generated and processed to transmit one data bit of information. Thus, for a system with a 1 million chips per second (mcps) bandwidth and a code length of 64 chips, the effective data rate is 16 thousand bits per second (kbps).
One way to increase the spread spectrum data rate is to increase the number of PN-codes used to encode the data stream. However, each additional PN-code used to encode the data exponentially increases the complexity of the hardware. Further, the correlation described all bits of all PN codes need to be compared before a match count can be made. So the added logic for handling multiple PN codes is particularly complex for the receive process.


A nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode having a positive active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating a lithium ion, a negative electrode having a negative active material capable of intercalating and deintercalating a lithium ion, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolyte. The heat generation starting temperature of the positive electrode is 180° C. or higher. The separator includes heat-resistant fine particles and a thermoplastic resin. The proportion of particles with a particle size of 0.2 μm or less in the heat-resistant fine particles is 10 vol % or less and the proportion of particles with a particle size of 2 μm or more in the heat-resistant fine particles is 10 vol % or less. The separator effects a shutdown in the range of 100° C. to 150° C.

A nonaqueous electrolyte battery such as a lithium ion battery is characterized by a high energy density and thus has been widely used as a power source for portable equipment such as a portable telephone and a notebook personal computer. In recent years, the capacity of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery is likely to increase further as the performance of the portable equipment becomes higher. In parallel with this, it is also important to ensure safety.
In the current nonaqueous electrolyte battery, e.g., a polyolefin microporous film with a thickness of about 20 to 30 μm is used as a separator that is interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. However, the commonly used separator easily shrinks when the temperature in the battery becomes extremely high, and can cause a short circuit. Therefore, as a means of improving the safety of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery, the heat resistance of the separator may be improved.
On the other hand, e.g., when the nonaqueous electrolyte battery in a charged state is placed in a high-temperature environment, heat can be generated from the positive electrode to raise the temperature in the battery further. Therefore, as a means of improving the safety of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery, a positive active material having high thermal stability also may be used.
For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose a nonaqueous electrolyte battery that uses a positive active material having high thermal stability along with a separator having good heat resistance. However, in the technology as disclosed in Patent Document 1, there is a limit to the reduction in thickness of the separator because a nonwoven fabric or paper is used for the separator. For example, if the separator has a thickness of 30 μm or less and an active material such as graphite is used for the negative electrode, a short circuit may be likely to occur. Moreover, the technology as disclosed in Patent Document 2 focuses only on thermal shrinkage of the separator at 120° C. Thus, it is difficult to ensure the safety of the battery at temperatures higher than this.
Patent Documents 3 to 7 propose a multilayer separator that includes a high heat-resistant layer as a technology for preventing a short circuit due to thermal shrinkage of the separator. However, the separator needs to be further improved to achieve the safety of the battery at even higher temperatures.
For example, in the case of an electrode body obtained by winding the positive electrode and the negative electrode with the separator interposed between them, a short circuit can occur due to thermal shrinkage of the separator in the width direction. Thus, it is necessary to suppress the thermal shrinkage in the width direction.
Patent Document 1: JP 2004-296325 A
Patent Document 2: JP 2004-303474 A
Patent Document 3: JP 2006-351386 A
Patent Document 4: WO 2007/66768
Patent Document 5: JP 2007-273123 A
Patent Document 6: JP 2007-273443 A
Patent Document 7: JP 2007-280911 A

Battery separator and nonaqueous electrolyte battery


An image processing device includes a deformation processing unit that deforms at least a portion of an area on a target image, which is generated by photographing, based on a distance between a photographic device and a subject of the target image. A deformation amount adjustment unit uses a distance parameter that correlates with the distance between the photographic device and the subject of the target image when photographing to thereby adjust a degree of deformation to increase as a distance indicated by the distance parameter becomes shorter.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to an image processing technology for deforming at least portion of an area on a target image.
2. Related Art
An image processing technology in which a digital image is deformed is described, for example, in JP-A-2004-318204. JP-A-2004-318204 describes an image processing in which a shape of a face is deformed in such a manner that a portion of an area on the image of the face (an area that shows the image of a cheek) is set as a correction area, the correction area is divided into a plurality of small areas in accordance with a predetermined pattern and then the image is enlarged or reduced by a scaling factor set for each small area.
Conditions of generating an image (for example, photographing) and conditions of outputting an image (for example, displaying or printing) may variously change. The generating conditions include, for example, a distance between a subject and a photographic device in photographing, brightness of a subject in photographing, and the like. The outputting conditions include, for example, paper size in printing, the size of a display monitor, and the like. The impression of a subject, which is obtained by observing an output image, variously changes in accordance with the above described conditions. As a result, even when images are uniformly deformed, there is a possibility that a desirable image might not be obtained. This problem applies not only to a case in which a face is deformed, but also commonly applies to image processing for deforming at least part of an image.

Image processing device and image processing method


Disclosed is a vehicle control apparatus that can concurrently achieve an improved drivability and an excellent restart performance of an internal combustion engine. The vehicle control apparatus includes an eco-run system that automatically stops the engine when an automatic stop condition is established and restarts the engine when a restart condition is established, a throttle motor that opens and closes a throttle valve adjusting air amount to be sucked into the engine, and a vehicle speed sensor that detects the vehicle speed. The vehicle control apparatus is adapted to control the throttle motor to enlarge the throttle valve opening degree in response to the higher vehicle speed, according to the vehicle speed information from the vehicle speed sensor (Step S3 to Step S7), when the engine is automatically stopped while the vehicle is travelling (Step S2).

In recent years, there have been developed a wide variety of vehicles (hereinafter simply referred to as eco-run vehicles) each of which is provided with an internal combustion engine (hereinafter simply referred to as an engine) which can operate an idling stop system and an economy running system for the purpose of realizing a fuel-efficient driving and preventing environmental deteriorations such as global warming. As one of the representative environmentally friendly vehicles as such, there has so far been developed a hybrid vehicle having driving power sources including an engine and an electric motor.
The eco-run vehicle and the hybrid vehicle as previously mentioned are each provided with a control apparatus which can perform a so-called idling stop control to automatically stop the engine when the vehicle temporarily stops for example while the vehicle is waiting the traffic lights, and subsequently to restart the engine for the vehicle to restart moving. The hybrid vehicle has a control apparatus which is generally provided with an electric motor in addition to the engine as driving force sources, so that the vehicle control apparatus can control the automatic stop and restart of the engine in response to the driving conditions of the vehicle while the vehicle is travelling. The eco-nm vehicle and the hybrid vehicle are operated to reduce an unnecessary driving of the engine, thereby making it possible to achieve improved fuel consumption, reduction of exhaust gases, and reduction of noises.
In each of the eco-run vehicle and the hybrid vehicle, a driver's driving intention is indicated to the vehicle control apparatus by losing the brake depression force that shows the depression force of the brake pedal or by generating the accelerator depression force that shows the depression force of the accelerator pedal while the engine is stopped. When a predetermined restart condition is established while the driver's driving intention is indicated to the vehicle control apparatus, the vehicle control apparatus is required to immediately restart the engine.
In order to restart the engine in a short time, it is preferable that the amount of residual exhaust gas remaining in each of cylinders be as small as possible. One of the eco-run vehicles provided with such a vehicle control apparatus has so far been developed to facilitate discharging the exhaust gas in the cylinders with the increased opening degree of the throttle valve before the engine is stopped (see for example Patent Document 1).
The above conventional vehicle control apparatus is constructed to have a throttle valve temporarily opened to a relatively large predetermined opening degree in the engine stop routine. The throttle valve thus temporarily opened results in the fact that the amount of intake air is temporarily increased after a somewhat later time, and the amount of air to be sucked into each of the cylinders is increased before the engine is stopped. Therefore, the exhaust gas is discharged from each of the cylinders while the crankshaft of the engine is being rotated several revolutions by its inertia immediately before the engine stops, so that the air in the cylinder is practically replaced by fresh air. This means that the fresh air having pressure close to the atmospheric pressure comes to be filled in all of the cylinders after the engine stops. As a result, the restart performance of the engine can be improved.

Vehicle control apparatus that controls throttle opening degree during engine stop


Systems and methods described herein support tag based request context in a cloud infrastructure environment. Cloud administrators do not generally have the ability to restrict resource usage in existing clouds. Granting a user permission to create resources allows them to create and/or terminate any number of resources up to a predefined account limit. Tags are associated with requests for resources for allowing administrators to restrict a user's handling of resources to the appropriate level by allowing fine-tuned control of access to the resources based on the context of the request for the resources. Request context information of the request is compared against a required credential gate level for permitting handling of resources in a tenancy having the first privilege level classification, and the request is selectively granted based on the request context information matching the first required credential gate level.

Cloud infrastructure environments can comprise sets of complementary cloud services that enable users and clients (throughout the specification, the terms "clients" and "customers" can be used interchangeably) to build and run a wide range of applications and services in a highly available hosted environment.
Year to year, more and more businesses and organizations are migrating mission critical applications and systems to a cloud infrastructure environment. There are various reasons for this shift. For example, many businesses are moving to the cloud in order to reduce the cost and complexity of operating, maintaining, and building out on-premise infrastructure. As well, cloud infrastructure also allows for a more rapid information technology (IT) delivery mechanism. Some businesses and organizations additionally see the cloud infrastructure environment as a means to gain a leg up on competition by adapting to a nimbler system.
Within IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) models, a cloud provider can provide, host, and manage infrastructure components that would, in traditional settings, be on-premise at each customer's/client's location. Such components traditionally provided on-premise can include hardware, for example, data warehouses and data centers, servers, storage, networking hardware, as well as software, such as virtualization software.
IaaS providers can, in addition to providing hardware and software that would traditionally be on-premise, also provide services to their clients and customers. As an example, clients and customers can be allowed to tailor their IaaS subscription to fit their needs, which then in turn allows for detailed and broken-down billing and invoicing. IaaS can also support features such as load balancing, redundancy, replication and recovery. Because such services are offered and supported by the IaaS provider (and not the customer), this leaves clients and customers to be more focused on improving their business by pushing more into automation and orchestration for their services.
Cloud infrastructures enable users and clients to seamlessly run traditional enterprise applications along with cloud-native apps, all on the same platform, reducing operational overhead and enabling direct connectivity between both types of workloads.

System and method for tag based request context in a cloud infrastructure environment


A method and a device for applying large areas of glue used for a bottom film of an absorbent pad at the four corners of the bottom film of the absorbent pad of a health care article is described. The processes includes (a) gluing and conveying a release paper; (b) cutting the glued release paper; and (c) transferring the glue from the release paper to the absorbent pad.

When a consumer uses a bedding absorbent pad, as he turns over, stands up, lies and kicks, the absorbent pad will be moved, draped and folded, thus causing the bedding articles to be dirty. As to the traditional process, there is a method for applying glue at the four corners of a bottom film of the absorbent pad. This method may prevent a small size absorbent pad from being moved, draped and folded. As the glue piece applied at the four corners of the bottom film of the absorbent pad in the prior art has smaller size, the peeling force of the absorbent pad is smaller too. For example, a 50 mm×120 mm area of glue only has the peeling force of 1.0-1.5N. The bedding absorbent pad, under such a small peeling force, may not be firmly adhered to the bedding articles. Eventually, when the consumer turns over, stands up, lies and kicks, the absorbent pad will be moved, draped and folded, thus causing the bedding articles to be dirty.
In order to resolve the above mentioned issues, a feasible method is to increase the area of the glue at the four corners of the bottom film of the absorbent pad to improve the peeling force, which is a feasible method.

Method of applying bulk glue for nursing pad base film to four corners of sanitary product nursing pad base film and device therefor

Beijing Beishute Maternity & Child Articles., LTD


Method for non-invasively determining glucose level in fluid of subject, typically blood glucose level. A particular device is mounted on the skin of the patient for a fixed period of time. The device is mounted on the skin such that a substrate such as paper or gel or an aqueous glucose solution carried by the device are in contact with the patient's skin. Water and/or glucose migrates between the substrate or the aqueous glucose solution of the device. The degree of migration of the substance in question is monitored, for example the amount of glucose remaining in an aqueous solution of the device is measured at the end of the fixed period. This can be done by a conventional or other spectrophotometric method, for example. The glucose level is determined based on the degree of migration of the migrating substance. That is, the degree of migration is correlated with previously determined fluid glucose levels based on directly measured fluid glucose levels. In another approach, impedance alone is measured at the skin surface over a relatively short time period, even less than one second and the impedance is correlated with previously determined glucose levels. It is thus possible, through such a correlation, to routinely non-invasively determine fluid glucose levels.

There are numerous reasons for determining the level of glucose present in body fluid of a subject. In the case of a person suffering from diabetes, it is often necessary to determine the glucose level in blood daily, or even more frequently. Non-invasive approaches to determination of blood glucose levels have been suggested in the patent literature. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,036,861 (issued to Sembrowich et al. on Aug. 6, 1991) describes a wrist-mountable device having an electrode which measures glucose present in sweat at the skin surface. U.S. Pat. No. 5,222,496 (issued to Clarke et al. on Jun. 29, 1993) describes an infrared glucose sensor mountable, for instance, on a wrist or finger. U.S. Pat. No. 5,433,197 (issued to Stark on Jul. 18, 1995) describes determination of blood glucose through illuminating a patient's eye with near-infrared radiation. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,115,133, 5,146,091 and 5,197,951 (issued to Knudson on May 19, 1992, Sep. 8, 1992 and Jan. 19, 1993, respectively) describe measuring blood glucose within blood vessels of a tympanic membrane in a human ear through light absorption measurements. The specifications of all of these patents are incorporated herein by reference.
The most common current approaches to determining blood glucose levels still appear to involve obtaining a sample of the person's blood and then measuring the level of glucose in the sample. These approaches will not be reviewed here except to say that obtaining the blood sample necessarily involves an invasive technique. Generally, the person's skin is broken or lanced to cause an external flow of blood which is collected in some fashion for the glucose level determination. This can be both inconvenient and distressful for a person and it is an object of the present invention to avoid the step of obtaining a blood sample directly, at least on a routine or daily basis.
It is known that skin tissue, when immersed in an aqueous glucose solution, equilibrates linearly with the concentration of external glucose ("Glucose Entry into the Human Epidermis. I. The Concentration of Glucose in the Human Epidermis", K. M. Halprin, A. Ohkawara and K. Adachi, J. Invest. Dermatol., 49(6): 559, 1967; "Glucose Entry into the Human Epidermis. II. The Penetration of Glucose into the Human Epidermis in vitro", K. M. Halprin and A. Ohkawara, J Invest Derm., 49(6): 561, 1967). It has also been shown that that skin glucose can vary in synchrony with blood level glucose during standardized tolerance testing in vivo ("The Cutaneous Glucose Tolerance Test I. A, Rate Constant Formula for Glucose Disappearance from the Skin", R. M. Fusaro, J. A. Johnson and J. V. Pilsum, J. Invest. Dermatol., 42: 359, 1964; "The Cutaneous Glucose Tolerance Test", R. M. Fusaro and J. A. Johnson, J. Invest. Dermatol., 44: 230, 1965). It is also known that glucose levels equilibrate between blood and interstitial fluids in contact with blood vessels ("A Microdialysis Method Allowing Characterization of Intercellular Water Space in Human", P. Lonnroth, P.-A. Jansson and U. Smith, The American Journal of Physiology, 253 (Endocrinol. Metab., 16): E228-E231, 1987; "Assessment of Subcutaneous Glucose Concentration; Validation of the Wick Technique as a Reference for Implanted Electrochemical Sensors in Normal and Diabetic Dogs," U. Fischer, R. Ertle, P. Abel, K. Rebrin, E. Brunstein, H. Hahn von Dorsche and E. J. Freyse, Diabetologia, 30: 940, 1987). Implantation of dialysis needles equipped with glucose sensors has shown that orally ingested glucose load is reflected by parallel changes in skin tissue glucose.

Method for non-invasive determination of glucose in body fluids


A solid pharmaceutical preparation of solifenacin or a salt thereof, the preparation being stable and inhibited from decomposing with time when supplied to clinical fields. In a pharmaceutical preparation containing solifenacin or a salt thereof, the compound in an amorphous form was revealed to be causative of cardinal-drug decomposition with time. The composition for a solid pharmaceutical preparation of solifenacin or a salt thereof contains solifenacin or its salt each in a crystalline from, and the content provided are: a process for producing the composition; and a medicinal composition for solid pharmaceutical preparations which contains solifenacin and an amorphization inhibitor.

Solifenacin is represented by the following formula (I):
and is chemically called (1R,3′R)-3′-quinuclidinyl 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-isoquinoline carboxylate.
It is reported that a series of quinuclidine derivatives including solifenacin or salts thereof have an excellent selective antagonistic action against muscarine M3 receptors and are useful as prophylactic or therapeutic agents of urinary diseases such as nervous pollakiuria, neurogenic bladder, nocturnal enuresis, unstable bladder, bladder contracture, and chronic cystitis as well as respiratory diseases such as chronic occlusive lung diseases, chronic bronchitis, asthma and rhinitis (see patent reference 1).
A manufacturing process of solifenacin hydrochloride is described in Example 8 in the patent reference 1, wherein the crystal resulting from crystallization in a mixture solvent of acetonitrile and diethyl ether has a melting point of 212 to 214° C. and has a specific rotation ([α]25D of 98.1 (c=1.00, EtOH).
However, the patent reference 1 includes no description or suggestion about significant degradation over time of amorphous solifenacin or an amorphous salt thereof or solifenacin succinate as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in a formulation when solifenacin succinate product is formulated by a general pharmaceutical manufacturing process.
Non-patent reference 1 publicly issued by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in June, 2003 includes the description about the specification of drug products, namely the concept about degradation products (impurities) in new drug products as observed at stability tests. According to the reference, the threshold of a degradation products requiring safety qualification in a drug product is a lower one of either 1.0% as the percentage of the degradation product contained in a drug substance or 50 μg as the total daily intake of the degradation product, when the amount of the drug substance to be administered per day is less than 10 mg. When the amount of the drug substance to be administered per day is 10 mg or more to 100 mg or less, the threshold of a degradation product requiring safety qualification in a drug products is a lower one of either 0.5% as the percentage of the degradation product contained in a drug substance or 200 μg as the total daily intake of the degradation product. Therefore, the specification of a degradation product as can be determined with no requirement of any safety qualification of the degradation product is generally 1.0% or less as the percentage of the degradation product contained in a drug substance, when the formulation is for example at a 5-mg content of the drug substance. When the formulation is for example at a 10-mg content of the drug substance, the percentage of the degradation product contained in the drug substance is 0.5% or less.
Solifenacin formulations, currently planned in a market on the basis of clinical test results, are 2.5-mg, 5-mg, and 10-mg tablets. For these formulations to have the stability described in the non-patent reference 1, it was considered that the amount of the main degradation product (abbreviated as F1 hereinafter) of solifenacin succinate to the total amount of solifenacin succinate and degradation products thereof should be set at 0.5% or less and that the amount should be controlled to 0.4% or less, considering lot-to-lot variation and test errors.
Patent reference 1: Specification of EP 801 067
Non-patent reference 1: Notification No. 0624001 issued by Japanese Committee of Pharmaceutical Affairs, "Revision of Guideline about Impurities in New Drug Products containing Novel Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients"

Composition of solifenacin or salt thereof for use in solid formulation


A composition for the permanent hydrophilation of polyolefin fibers and filaments and non-woven textile articles (non-wovens) produced therefrom, contains 15 to 75 parts by weight of at least one non-ionic surfactant, and 25 to 85 parts by weight of at least one quaternary ammonium compound and/or at least one cationically modified polydimethyl siloxane. The composition has excellent permanent hydrophilating properties, an excellent cohesion effect and good antistatic properties. When diluted with water, these compositions can therefore be used particularly satisfactorily as spinning preparations for the permanent hydrophilic finishing of polyolefin fibers, polyolefin filaments and non-wovens produced therefrom, in particular fleeces.

Hydrophilic fleeces are used as covering fleeces, i.e. as the topmost fleece or as the intermediate fleece of multiple-layer fleeces, for babies' nappies, incontinence products and similar articles. The purpose of such fleeces is to convey body fluids such as urine rapidly to the absorptive layer situated thereunder. Conventional hydrophilating preparations are washed out from the fleece more or less quickly and more or less intensively by the passage of fluids inside the nappies or other products. As a result, the covering fleece gradually loses its hydrophilic properties and, because of the hydrophobic properties of polyolefins, it becomes increasingly hydrophobic. With subsequent further contact with body fluid, passing the latter on to the absorptive layer becomes increasingly difficult and finally quite impossible. The result is that the fluid from the product runs out without retention or with less retention, and that the product can no longer carry out its original function of keeping the skin of a baby or a patient dry.
In contrast, a preparation for permanent hydrophilation should remain adhering to the polyolefin as permanently as possible and should impart as constant an hydrophily as possible to the fleece over as long a duration as possible.
A fleece is usually formed from filaments and/or fibres, in which case matted fibre fleeces are usually strengthened either by means of physical methods, for example by needling, or in a chemical manner. During the production of carded fleeces which have to be subsequently thermofixed, an hydrophilating spinning preparation must additionally meet further requirements: The preparation has to allow the fibres to be produced and treated; this involves optimum sliding properties and cohesion of the fibres or filaments and an adequate antistatic finishing to allow the fleece formation to be performed at an acceptable rate.
Hydrophilating compositions, which contain diethanolamides, non-ionic surfactants, alkyl phosphates, quaternary ammonium salts and/or alkyl imidazolium salts and which are used as fluid-permeability-promoting agents for polyolefin non-wovens, are known from the U.S. Pat. No. 4,988,449.
Hydrophilating compositions, which contain polyoxyalkylene-modified polydimethyl siloxane alone or together with non-ionic surfactants, alkyl phosphates, quaternary ammonium salts and/or alkyl imidazolium salts, are known from the U.S. Pat. No.5,258,129.
A process for hydrophilating polyolefin-fibre fleeces by applying an aqueous alkoxylated surfactant composition to the surface of the fibres is known from EP-B 1-0 410 485, in which the composition either consists up to at least 80% of alkoxylated triglycerides of C.sub.18 fatty acids, in which case the said triglycerides have a large proportion of alkoxylated ricinolein or of alkoxylated and hydrogenated ricinolein, or consists up to at least 80% of a mixture of alkoxylated or alkoxylated and hydrogenated ricinolein, a polyalkylene-modified water-soluble polydimethyl siloxane and an antistatic compound, in which case the said compound can be for example a neutralized phosphoric acid ester, an alkoxylated phosphate, a potassium salt, an ammonium salt or an alkoxylated ammonium salt.
Although these known compositions impart permanent hydrophilic properties to the fibres and fibre fleeces treated or finished therewith, they are expensive to produce and are in need of improvement with respect to the cohesion achievable and the antistatic properties.

Composition for the permanent hydrophilation of polyolefin fibres, use of the composition and fibres treated therewith


A slidably fitting type connector has a slide member overlying slidably on a male connector housing and is arranged so that the male connector housing is fitted to and separated from a female connector housing when the leading end portions of each lever engages with a pair of engaging portions of the female connector housing when the slide member is moved back and forth. The levers are provided between the slide member and the male connector housing on inner both sides of the slide member in such a manner that the two levers are directed opposite to each other.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a slidably fitting type connector in which a slide member is slidably movable reciprocally in fitting and detaching directions of multi-pole female and male connector housings, both the connector housings are easily fitted to each other and detached from each other due to the leverages of two levers which are pivoted by sliding the slide member with a small operation force.
The present application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. Hei. 9-172441, which is incorporated herein by reference.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIGS. 6A and 6B show an example of a lever type connector 1 which utilizes leverage. The lever type connector 1 includes a multi-pole female connector housing 2. A slide groove 4 is formed in the frame supporting portion 3 of the female connector housing 2. A slide shaft 6 projects from one lower end side of a frame-shaped lever 5, and is slidably supported in the slide groove 4. Further, a pair of male connector housings 7 and 7 that are fittable to and detachable from the female connector housing 2 are pivotally supported by a shaft 8 within the frame-shaped lever 5.
Both connector housings 2 and 7 are fitted to and detached from each other by vertically moving a lever operating portion 9 that projects from the other upper end side of the lever 5 so that the lever 5 pivots with the slide shaft 6 as a fulcrum. Incidentally, the technique similar to the lever type connector 1 is disclosed in Unexamined Japanese Utility Model Publication No. Hei. 6-79080 and so forth.
In the above-mentioned conventional lever type connector 1, however, when the male connector housings 7 are fitted into the female connector housing 2 in a narrow mounting space or the like where the female connector housing 2 can not be seen, for example, a person is required to grope for positioning the slide shaft 6 serving as a fulcrum of the lever 5 at the slide groove 4 of the frame supporting portion 3 of the female connector housing 2 and to insert into and engage with the slide groove 4. Such an operation requires skilled operation and so the fitting operation of the male and female connector housings 2, 7 may be troublesome. Furthermore, since the slide shaft 6 and the lever operating portion 9 are protruded at the both sides of the lever 5 supporting the male connector housings 7, the entire size of the lever type connector 1 becomes large. Furthermore, due to the external load force or the like, the slide shaft 6 of the lever 5 may come out of the slide groove 4 of the frame supporting portion 3, and the slide shaft 6 and the lever operating portion 9 protruded at the both sides of the lever 5 may be broken.


A calibration block provides a deck with a slot for receiving a first plate for supporting a distal end of the planter unit when setting its gauge wheels, whereby the first plate is flush with the deck at a predefine distance from the soil. The calibration block also provides a gauge block and associated second plate for increasing the predefined distance.

The present invention relates to agricultural equipment and, more particularly, to a seed planter depth calibration block for selectively setting a furrow depth resulting from use of a seed planter for consistently and repeatable seed delivery of the seed planter, row after row.
Current systems for delivering seeds to the furrow typically use wooden blocks. Wooden blocks, however, are not always precise, leading to inconsistent seeding depth as wooden blocks first need to be ripped to the predetermined soil depth (such as two inches) and over time get worn down in size due to the soft nature of wood. Furthermore, the seed/furrow depth in the field is a function of the soil characteristics; specifically, soil levels and densities, which typically vary thereby decreasing the chances of repeatably carving out the same furrow depth row after row. As a result, currently planter operators manually measure the depth of the seed planter's disk in the soil or use wooden blocks that may not define a true depth.
As can be seen, there is a need for prefabricated calibration blocks for improving the consistency of seed planter's furrow depth when delivering agricultural seed to a furrow.
The present invention embodies a hard, weather-proof calibration block combined with a metal plate for selectively defining a repeatable, consistent soil depth when carving out a furrow and delivering agricultural seed to the furrow. The calibration block sets the gauge wheels to the predefined soil depth for most all large-scale planters. Accordingly, setting the depth with this calibration block will eliminate variance across the planter units and among the different rows of furrows to be formed.

Agricultural planter depth calibration block


A method, storage system, and machine-readable medium for resynchronizing data stored among a first storage element and a second storage element of a remote copy pair of storage elements is disclosed. According to one embodiment, a method is provided which includes detecting a reestablishment of a remote copy relationship between the first and second storage elements and performing a resynchronization operation in response to this detection. Performing the resynchronization operation comprises transmitting data of a second change record associated with the second storage element to the first storage element, combining the second change record with a first change record associated with the first storage element, identifying a data segment of the second storage element utilizing the combined change record, and overwriting data of the first storage element with data of the identified data segment.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of disaster recovery computer systems, and more particularly to the resynchronization of primary and secondary copies of data after a disconnection and reestablishment of the Remote Copy pair.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the field of computer data processing there is increasing demand for ways for organizations to continue doing business even after the loss of use of data or processing capability at the main business data processing site. The technique used in typical disaster recovery solutions is known in the art as "Remote Copy", or sometimes "Peer-to-Peer Remote Copy (PPRC)".
In a typical Remote Copy solution, one storage controller is designated as holding the primary disk of a remote copy relationship. The primary disk of the relationship will be referred to herein as the Master. The Master is the disk normally used by a person or organization for day-to-day processing. A second storage controller holds the secondary disk of the remote copy relationship, which will be known as the Auxiliary. The Auxiliary is the disk normally not used by a person or organization for day-to-day processing, but held in reserve in case of a need for disaster recovery or business continuity operations after the loss of use of the Master. Both Master and Auxiliary are the same size. Many solutions allow multiple sets of disks to be managed in a coordinated fashion, and often a controller might hold Masters for one relationship, and Auxiliaries for others, but for clarity and conciseness the present description will focus on a single relationship comprising two disks. In normal operation, the Master is used as the primary source and target of all host I/O requests. In these circumstances, the term Master/primary will be used in this description. Similarly, in normal operation, the Auxiliary is not used as the source or target of host I/O requests, but is used to hold a copy of the data from the Master/primary and to accept changes passed on to it from the Master/primary as a result of writes directed to the Master/primary. In these circumstances, the term Auxiliary/secondary will be used in this description. The Master/primary is thus the disk that normally, in the absence of a disaster, holds the application data. The function of Remote Copy is to maintain a copy of that data on the Auxiliary/secondary disk.
To establish initial synchronization, all the data is copied from Master/primary to Auxiliary/secondary. Once synchronization has been established, each write I/O received at the Master/primary is sent to the Auxiliary/secondary disk as well as to the Master/primary. Under normal situations, the Auxiliary/secondary does not receive writes from applications directly, but only indirectly from writes issued at the primary and forwarded to it.
In the event of a loss of connection between the two sites, a conventional technique that is well known is to use change recording at the Master/primary. This typically uses a bitmap to record which regions of the disk at the Master/primary have received write I/O. It is common to map a single bit to 32 k of data, or some similar fairly small amount. Once the link is reestablished, the bitmap is used to resynchronize the Auxiliary/secondary, bringing it fully up to date with the Master/primary, by transferring data corresponding to every bit marked as changed in the bitmap.
However, there are uses of Remote Copy where this well-known scheme by itself is insufficient. One example is what is done after a disaster. Typically, if a disaster occurs at the Master/primary controller, then access to the Auxiliary/secondary controller is enabled, and the application is restarted using the storage there. This situation will be referred to in this description by using the term Auxiliary/primary.
However, the next thing that is needed is to reestablish a disaster recovery capability. In many 'disasters', the Master site is in fact physically intact, possibly only having suffered a power failure or a similar short-term failure. It is thus possible to use the Master (old primary) as the secondary of the relationship (thus creating a Master/secondary), and to have the Auxiliary become the primary (as an Auxiliary/primary, as defined above), essentially reversing the flow of data. While this is possible with today's products, they require that a full copy be performed from Auxiliary/primary to Master/secondary, repeating the problem faced by the user in the initial setup.
While this cost may at first appear to be acceptable because a real disaster is an infrequent occurrence, it must be borne in mind that testing the disaster recovery system is an essential part of any disaster recovery plan. Some companies and other organizations are required to demonstrate their disaster recovery capability in order to pass an audit, possibly as frequently as once a month. If the disaster recovery test involves carrying out a complete failing-over of the business as described above, the cost of a full copy from Auxiliary/primary to Master/secondary to reestablish synchronization is very heavy.
All known conventional schemes require a full copy after such a failover scenario, unless great care was taken to ensure that the application was completely halted at the old primary with no outstanding, "in-flight" updates, before switching the primary/secondary roles. This, however, is untypical of the way in which complex systems fail. Frequently, failures are of the type known as "rolling failures", where parts of the original Master/primary system fail over a period of time before the failover is triggered. In these circumstances, there may be changes made at the old Master/primary during the rolling failure of which the original Auxiliary/secondary has not been made aware.
It might be thought that the solution to the problem would be to set up the remote copy in reverse, and simply use change recording on the Auxiliary/primary to define what must be copied back to the Master/secondary after a disaster has been recovered. This is inadequate, because, as described above, changes might have happened at the original Master/primary during the failure, which were not change-recorded at the original Auxiliary/secondary. If these are not corrected, then the Master and the Auxiliary may never become truly synchronized.
A different scenario, but again one which might occur in the context of a disaster recovery or other form of test (such as an upgrade test), is where the Auxiliary/secondary is broken away from the Master/primary, and then directly receives write I/Os in its isolated state, perhaps from a test application, while the business continues to run as normal at the Master. Here, the resynchronization after reestablishment of the connection must be from Master to Auxiliary, even though the Auxiliary has been temporarily treated as an Auxiliary/primary while the Master was simultaneously being treated as a Master/primary. It is essential in this case that the real application data at the Master not be overwritten by the test data that has been applied at the Auxiliary during the period of its isolation from the Master.
It is therefore desirable to have an efficient means of Remote Copy resynchronization while alleviating the disadvantages of applying costly full copies of data as in the conventional systems described above.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Remote copy synchronization in disaster recovery computer systems

International Business Machines Corporation


A water delivery system operable hands-free by, for example, a foot-operated pedal controller, or a non-contact controller, such as a presence and voice actuated circuit that are operatively connected through a power source, transmission and valve assembly in cooperation with a water spout at a water basin or bowl.

In the modern world, the limitation of natural resources has focused attention on the use of two resources that are relevant to the present invention. First, there is concern that an increase in world population places a greater burden on the availability of fresh potable water and the allocation between agriculture, industry and residential use. It is well understood that the former enterprises, such as a farm or factory, are substantial users of water. But on the other hand, while residential water use may be significantly less on a per-site basis, the vast number of residences aggregate to a water usage that is a heavy burden on this natural resource. Water conservation has therefore become a matter of worldwide attention requiring reconsideration of conventional water delivery systems in various types of facilities. The conventional hand-wash basin, in both public and private facilities is a great source of water waste due to user habits and limitations of conventional water delivery systems. Attempts to limit the water wasted is apparent in public areas where hand wash basins are controlled by an infrared sensor that permits or blocks the flow of water, generally at a single though comfortable temperature. Waste also arises as a result of the common habit of "waiting for the water to warm up" before washing hands, taking a shower, or filling vessels for use in culinary applications.
In many, if not most, hand-wash basin applications, as well as in kitchen applications in a home, and in many commercial and industrial applications it is desirable to provide a source of hot water for use in its many applications that are familiar to the reader. The conventional source of hot water is the hot water tank that in modern facilities is an electric or gas operated water heater although there are modern alternatives to the classic or conventional hot water tank. Of course, maintaining water at an elevated temperature by any means requires the consumption of energy thus increasing the burden on those natural resources used to produce energy. In typical present hand wash basin applications, water may be adjusted to an elevated temperature and allowed to run while the user is pursuing some parallel activity thus resulting in hot water being wasted by return to a conventional water drain and deposit into a sewer. The inattention to the running of hot water may be due to the fact that the user may be engaged in an activity in which both hands are required thus precluding the user from promptly terminating the flow of water resulting in the energy waste.
Still another problem that exists in terms of water delivery systems, particularly of the hand wash basin usage as described above, is the need for maintaining hygiene or sterility. Users often approach a hand wash basin with the typical handle or handles with hands that have been soiled or have been exposed to microscopic organisms that may contribute to sickness and disease. When the user grasps the handles of the conventional water fixture, the transmission of these hand-carried microscopic organisms onto the handles become a potential source for spreading the organisms and thus spreading the possible disease or sickness they carry. It would be highly desirable to sanitize the use of the conventional water fixture by controlling the temperature and flow rate of water other than by the user's hands and the water fixture handles.
This objective is commonly referred to as "hands free" operation of the water delivery system. Maintaining a sterile condition of the water fixture can also operate in reverse from that just described. For example, the user may draw water engaging in an activity in connection with the water that fails to sanitize the user's hands such that when the user wishes to terminate use of the water delivery system, they grasp the handles of the conventional faucet and thus perhaps pass dangerous microbes on the user's hands on to the fixture handles where it awaits a subsequent user and the spreading of disease or sickness caused by the organism.
The present invention offers a partial solution to limited natural resources as well as to maintain a hygienic condition by avoiding the transmission of infections, sickness or disease as a result of usage of a water delivery system.

Water delivery system with non-contact user-operated control


An RJ jack includes a housing having an interior chamber with a plurality of contacts which are deflectable upon insertion of a plug into the chamber. A plurality of projections is provided for limiting the extent of the deflection of selected contacts. In a preferred embodiment, the RJ jack is an RJ45 and the projections are fins located beneath the outermost contacts of the RJ45 jack.

The present invention relates to RJ jacks having means for preventing damage to the contacts of the jacks from insertion of non-complementary plugs and, more particularly, to RJ45 jacks having means for preventing damage to the contacts of the RJ45 jacks from insertion of RJ 11 plugs.
An RJ11 connector comprises a six-contact plug and corresponding jack commonly used to connect a communications device such as a telephone, facsimile machine or modem to a telephone line. An RJ45 connector, which is somewhat wider than the RJ11 connector includes eight contacts and is commonly used for Ethernet local area network (LAN) connections.
Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B there are shown diagrammatic bottom and elevation views, respectively, of an RJ11 plug 10, and referring to FIGS. 2A and 2B there are shown diagrammatic bottom and elevation views, respectively, of an RJ45 jack 12 in insertion alignment with the RJ-11 plug of FIGS. 1A and 1B, with FIG. 2A only showing the contacts 14 of the RJ45 jack 12. The RJ11 plug 11 includes six contact fingers 16 for mating with six contact fingers of an RJ11 jack (not shown). The RJ45 jack 12 includes a housing 18 having an interior chamber 20 with an opening through the front wall through which an RJ45 plug 22 (FIG. 3) may be received into the interior chamber 20. Eight resilient contact fingers 14 are arranged in the chamber 20. The spacing between the jack contact fingers 14 is equal to the spacing of corresponding contacts 26 in the RJ45 plug 22 (FIG. 3).
RJ11 and RJ45 receptacles are often found close to one another, for example, as side-by-side wall jacks in office or other commercial or industrial environments, on computers, on adapters, etc. This proximity can lead to damage to the contacts of the RJ45 jacks.
This is because the RJ11 and RJ45 designs are dimensionally similar, allowing the smaller RJ11 to feign proper mating without any tactile sense of the connection being forced. The results of this all-too-common error are at least damaging and can totally destroy a jack's electrical integrity by permanently crushing its outermost contact fingers.
The root of the problem is that the RJ11 plug is essentially a narrower, six contact version of the eight contact RJ45. Engagement dimensions and contact pitch are common to both. However, the narrower contact region of the RJ11 plug places its body's wide sidewalls 24 (FIG. 1A) directly in line with the outboard contacts 14a and 14h of the RJ45 jack 12 (FIG. 2A). These contacts 14a and 14h are designed to hook into relief slots on a mating plug, so the solid sidewalls 22 of the RJ11 tend to crush them during a mating attempt.
Contact force between plug contacts and jack fingers of RJ series connectors is generated by deflecting the inclined, cantilevered, spring fingers of the jack downward as a plug is inserted. For a plug to produce this force, it must enter the jack along a line of action parallel to the planes of the jack's floor and top. Further, the overall height of the plug's body must be only slightly less than the distance between the jack's top and floor so that the top surface of the plug is able to bed against the roof of the jack, thereby insuring that the contacts maintain a fixed height above the jack floor as the upwardly directed force of the fingers grows to more than 100 gms per contact during mating.
As seen in FIG. 3, the contacts 26 of an RJ45 plug 22 are recessed in grooves 28 that keep them typically 0.020″ above the base plane of the plug's shell. As shown in FIG. 3, so long as each contact 26 coincides with its corresponding groove 28, proper mating geometry is maintained. However, if, as seen in FIG. 4, a narrower RJ11 plug 10 is pushed into an RJ45 jack opening 20, no contact grooves 28 are presented to receive the outermost fingers 14a and 14h of the RJ45 jack 12; instead, the shoulders 24 of the RJ11 plug 10 engage the outer fingers 14a, 14h and, as a result, the fingers are driven down close to the plane of the jack's floor, permanently deforming them.
As used herein, the term "complementary plug" means a plug of the same RJ series as an RJ jack and the term "non-complementary plug" means a plug of a different RJ series than an RJ jack.

Preventing damage to RJ jacks from improper plug insertion


A dry blend pre-mixture composition for use in making corrugating adhesives is comprised of starch and from about 5% to about 20% of ground plant germ. The starch and germ can be derived from various plant sources and in a preferred embodiment the starch is corn starch and the germ is ground corn germ, also known as spent flake. The corrugating adhesives can be prepared by using the pre-mixture as a replacement for starch in a process for making a carrier, no-carrier or carrier-no-carrier adhesive.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a starch replacement composition which is used to prepare starch-based corrugating adhesive compositions and the adhesive compositions prepared therewith. In particular, the invention has to do with a dry blend pre-mixture composition comprising starch and ground plant germ. The pre-mixture is employed as a complete or partial replacement for starch in a carrier, no-carrier or carrier-no-carrier corrugating adhesive.
2. The Related Art
In the corrugating process, adhesive is commonly applied to the tips of the flutes of a corrugated medium. Then a noncorrugated flat paper liner is applied against the adhesive coated flutes as they pass between a corrugating roll and a pressure roll. The resulting product has the corrugating medium on one side and a flat liner on the other side and is called a single-face portion. The single-face portion may be used "as is" (called a "single face" board) or adhesive may be applied to the flute tips of the single-face portion and a second flat sheet can be applied in the same manner as the first in what is called a "double-face" or a "double-back" operation. The second liner sheet is treated with heat and reduced pressure (relative to the pressure used to make a single-face portion) immediately following contact with the adhesive.
Starch-based adhesives which can be of the carrier, no-carrier and carrier-no-carrier type are commonly used in processes for manufacturing corrugated paper board. In carrier type adhesives, a portion of the starch (or dextrin) forms a carrier, often known as the gelatinized phase, which suspends the balance of the starch which is in an ungelatinized state. Under conditions of heat and pressure, the ungelatinized starch is rapidly hydrated and gelatinized to increase quickly the viscosity and adhesivity of the adhesive composition. In no-carrier type adhesives, all of the starch is slightly cooked or swollen with heat and caustic soda for viscosity. Finally, carrier-no-carrier type adhesives have a portion of the starch which forms a carrier and is responsible for about one half of the viscosity and the remaining viscosity is obtained by slightly swelling the uncooked starch.
Corrugating adhesives having a solubilized cellulosic fiber component are described by Fitt in U.S. Pat. No. 5,358,559 and by Giesfeldt et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 5,503,668. These adhesives are prepared employing in situ solubilization processes which are carried out in the primary mixer when preparing a two-part Stein-Hall carrier paste. This is contrasted with the present invention wherein ground plant germ is added to the primary and secondary mixers and wherein the processing conditions in the secondary mixer are not designed to cause in situ solubilization.
According to U.S. Pat. No. 4,941,922, long thin fibers can be added to starch-based corrugating adhesives to enhance adhesion based on a mechanism of fiber-to-fiber entanglements. These entangling fibers are said to enhance dispersion and yield improved adhesive characteristics including increased waterproofness, dry strength, viscosity and adhesiveness. Suitable sources of fiber are described as cellulosic fiber including wood, paper, cotton and rayon; fibers of synthetic origin including Nylon, polyester, polypropylene, Lycra Spandex, Vyrene, Vinyon, Dynel, Saran, Creslan, Acrylic, polyethylene, Teflon, tetrafluoroethylene, glass, Corlon and metallic fibers. Fibers generated during the wheat or corn milling processes are also said to be suitable. According to the patent, the fibers typically are suspended initially in the uncooked starch portion, suspended with the carrier portion, suspended prior to the carrier-no-carrier (or no-carrier) swell or added to the final adhesive mixture prior to storage or use. There is no experimental data in the patent, however, describing the use of fibers generated during the corn or wheat milling processes. Furthermore, the fibers must be present in an amount from about 2.2 to about 22 pounds of fiber per 100 pounds of corrugating adhesive and must have a diameter of between about 0.0005 inches and about 0.02 inches and a length of between about 0.025 inches and about 0.25 inches to cause fiber-to-fiber entanglements. In contrast, the ground plant germ of the present invention is not long and thin, the shape more closely approximates spheres or cubes, and the germ is believed to enhance adhesive properties because it is sticky.
The present invention also has the surprising advantage that a commercially viable adhesive paste can be made with no boron compound or a substantially reduced amount of boron compound.
In the present specification and claims, all parts and percentages are by weight/weight (w/w) unless otherwise specified, and the term "parts of adhesive" is used to refer to the total weight of adhesive, including water, starch, plant germ and all chemicals. The term "parts of carrier phase" is used to refer to the total weight of the carrier phase, including water, starch, plant germ and all chemicals. The term "total solids" is used to refer to the total dry basis ("d.b.") weight of the ingredients of the adhesive or the carrier phase or suspended phase thereof, including starch and plant germ but not including chemicals such as caustic, borax and the like.

Starch replacement composition for corrugating adhesives and the adhesives prepared therewith


A device for separating liquid and solid material from a mixture consists of an endless filter belt, beneath which is arranged a suction box connected to a vacuum device. The suction box supports the filter belt. The filter belt moves continuously while the suction box performs a reciprocating movement in the direction of the filter belt. In order to make possible the reciprocating movement of the suction box the connection of the suction box to the stationary vacuum device is embodied as a telescopic connection consisting of a stationary part connected to the vacuum device and a part connected to the suction box and slidably movable in the stationary part.

The invention relates to a device for separating and solid material from a mixture, provided with an endless filter belt, means for supplying the mixture for separating on the upper side of the filter belt, at least one suction box located on the underside, supporting the filter belt and reciprocally movable in lengthwise direction of the filter belt and connected to a vacuum device.
Such a device is known inter alia from the Netherlands patent 105.812 and the published patent application 72.10541.
In a known device the connection between the suction box and the vacuum device is flexible, for instance a hose. This flexible arrangement is necessary to enable the connection between the moving suction box and the stationary vacuum device. Such a connection of flexible material has drawbacks. With high temperatures and processing of aggressive substances the useful life of the flexible connection is limited. The material of the flexible connection further imposes limitations on the height of the applied temperature, the processing of particular substances and the volumes for throughput. The invention has for its object to bring improvements herein.

Device for separating liquid and solid material out of a mixture


On a high-voltage power switch there is provided a shaft for transmitting a rotary motion through a wall. A deflection lever is disposed on the shaft. The shaft and the deflection lever are part of a kinematic chain. For adjustment of the deflection lever in its position on the shaft, the deflection lever has an adjusting device.

A deflection lever emerges, for example, from utility model patent specification DE 200 17 252 U1. The known deflection lever can be mounted on a shaft by form closure. To this end, the shaft has an outer toothing which secures the position of the deflection lever on the shaft.
Depending on the shaping of the toothing, an adjustment of the deflection lever on the shaft is possible only within a step width defined by the tooth spacing.


The claimed subject matter provides a system and/or a method that facilitates managing a network by mining a communication rule. An analysis engine can employ a packet trace within a network in order to provide timing information, wherein the network includes at least one of a host, a protocol, or an application. A traffic evaluator can extract a communication rule for the network based upon an activity matrix generated from the timing information in which the activity matrix includes at least one of a row of a time window for the packet trace and a column for a flow in the packet trace.

Enterprises typically use traffic analysis tools that focus on traffic volume. Such tools identify the heavy hitters (e.g., flows that exchange lots of data, etc.), yet fail to identify the structure implicit in network traffic—do certain flows happen before, after or along with each other repeatedly over time? Since most traffic is generated by applications (e.g., web browsing, email, p2p), network traffic tends to be governed by a set of underlying rules. Malicious traffic, such as bot scans, e.g., low volume probes for vulnerable machines, also presents distinct patterns in traffic.
In light of the above and the ever-increasing amounts of data, networks and/or enterprises can be increasingly complex to manage, evaluate, and/or troubleshoot. For example, networks (e.g., enterprise networks, educational networks, etc.) can be built from multiple applications, protocols, servers, etc. which interact in unpredictable ways. Once a network is set-up, administrative tracking of the network is overwhelming. For instance, configuration errors can seep in, software upgrades happen or servers may be phased out. These are just a few occurrences that make the management of networks and evaluating traffic challenging. Conventional techniques, such as scripting cron jobs and correlating server logs, are tedious and do not scale appropriately.

Discovering communication rules in a network trace


A lighting device for an automobile comprises a housing, light source for producing a light beam electrically connected to an electrical source by means of electrical wirings, an optical axis adjustment system for adjusting the optical axis of the lighting device having horizontal optical axis adjuster and vertical optical axis adjuster and a pivot point. The lighting device is also provided with an electrical wiring guiding member for guiding the electrical wiring of the lighting device, the electrical wiring guiding member is removably disposed between and attached to the horizontal optical axis adjuster and pivot point. The electrical wiring guiding member comprises attachment portions disposed on opposing ends and a wiring guiding portion disposed there between.

Lighting devices are used in automobiles and the like, for lighting the path ahead. These lighting devices need to be oriented properly to provide adequate lighting to the driver of the automobile under various driving conditions. Currently, lighting devices are available with multiple optical modules. The optical modules are assembled to a housing of a lighting device by means of connection points, and the optical module is movable relative to the housing to correct the orientation, in particular vertically as well as in azimuth or horizontally.
The optical axis of the optical modules of the lighting devices is typically adjusted using optical module adjustment systems. Conventionally, the optical module adjustment systems have their mounting points (pivot, horizontal adjuster, and vertical adjuster) and also includes one or more wire harness. The adjuster rotates inside the lighting devices to achieve the desired optical axis adjustment. Due to limited space and the rotation of the adjusters inside the lighting devices, can sometimes trap, pinch, cut, or interfere with the wire harness. Thus there is a need to provide a system for lighting device to guide and secure the wire harness without affecting the functionality of the other systems. The present invention is directed one such innovative solution to provide a clear path for the wire harness between optical axis adjusters to allow easier adjustment and to ensure there is no interference or damage to the wire harness or wirings.
Among the literature that may pertain to this technology include the following patent document: DE 102012102640 A1, is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. The document discloses a wire harness for headlamp that allows latching and removing the attachment but the device as disclosed does not control the wire harness in the most critical area between the optical axis adjuster areas.

Automotive lighting device with an electrical wiring guiding member


A drum/belt drive starting procedure simultaneous starts the rotation of photosensitive drums and the conveyance of a belt. A drum/belt driving time calculating procedure sets a rotational drive stop time of each photosensitive drum and a conveyance drive stop time of the conveying belt on the basis of a detection result of a reference mark detecting unit. A drum/belt drive stopping procedure stops the rotation of each photosensitive drum and the conveyance of the conveying belt on the basis of a calculation result of the drum/belt driving time calculating procedure. Rotational phase differences of every plural photosensitive drums are set to a predetermined value in the state where rubbing with the belt is small.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a position setting method of a photosensitive body for suppressing friction between a belt and the photosensitive body as an image holding body and to an image forming apparatus.
2. Related Background Art
Ordinarily, in a multicolor image forming apparatus such as a color electrophotographic printer or the like, for example, image holding bodies (hereinbelow, referred to as photosensitive drums) for forming toner images of K (black), Y (yellow), M (magenta), and C (cyan) are arranged in a line on a belt at predetermined intervals. In the following description, for example, it is assumed that the photosensitive drums are arranged from an upstream in the conveying direction of a sheet toward its downstream in order of K, Y, M, and C.
In order to simultaneously start the rotation of those four photosensitive drums, simultaneously stop the rotation of them, and laminate the toner images of four colors of K, Y, M, and C to the same position on the sheet conveyed on the belt, assuming that time when an image is irradiated onto the photosensitive drum K is set to reference time Tk, time Ty when an image is irradiated onto the photosensitive drum Y has to be equal to time after the elapse of time Lky/V obtained by dividing a distance Lky from a contact point of the photosensitive drum K and the belt to a contact point of the photosensitive drum Y and the belt by a conveying speed V of the belt.
Time Tm when an image is irradiated onto the photosensitive drum M has to be equal to time after the elapse of time Lkm/V obtained by dividing a distance Lkm from the contact point of the photosensitive drum K and the belt to a contact point of the photosensitive drum M and the belt by the conveying speed V of the belt. Similarly, time Tc when an image is irradiated onto the photosensitive drum C has to be equal to time after the elapse of time Lkc/V obtained by dividing a distance Lkc from the contact point of the photosensitive drum K and the belt to a contact point of the photosensitive drum C and the belt by the conveying speed V of the belt.
However, even if the irradiating time is accurately set as mentioned above, there is a case where a positional deviation (hereinafter, referred to as a color drift) occurs among the toner images of four colors of K, Y, M, and C due to an eccentricity or the like of each of the photosensitive drums. A technique for making the occurrence of the color drift inconspicuous by periodically making the generation timing of the color drift coincident has been disclosed (for example, refer to JP-A-2000-187428).
According to such a technique, a reference point is added to each of the four photosensitive drums and phase differences among the reference points of the four photosensitive drums are always held constant, thereby periodically making the generation timing of the color drift coincident. To always hold the phase differences among the reference points of the four photosensitive drums constant, a process for setting the phase differences among the reference points is executed in accordance with a predetermined procedure at a print start time point.
According to the process for setting the phase differences among the reference points, the belt is conveyed and while simultaneously rotating the four photosensitive drums, the reference points of the four photosensitive drums are detected by using reference mark detecting units. Subsequently, while the belt is conveyed, the photosensitive drums are individually stopped on the basis of each reference point detecting time (the photosensitive drum and the belt enter a rubbing state).
When the last photosensitive drum is stopped, the belt is also simultaneously stopped and the process for setting the phase differences among the reference points is completed. The stop time of each photosensitive drum is calculated from a relation between the reference point detecting time obtained by the reference point detecting units and rotational speeds of the four photosensitive drums. By setting the stopping timing as mentioned above, each time a printing step is executed, the phase differences among the four photosensitive drums are held constant, so that the color drift becomes inconspicuous.
A problem to be solved is that in the process for setting the phase differences among the reference points of the above conventional technique, while the belt is conveyed, the photosensitive drums are individually stopped on the basis of each reference point detecting time and simultaneously with the stop of the last photosensitive drum, the belt is also stopped. That is, according to such a process, the rubbing state between the photosensitive drum and the belt increases to a level larger than it is needed. Not only an abrasion between the photosensitive drum and the belt but also deflection occurs in the belt, so that the color drift is further liable to occur.

Position setting method of photosensitive body and image forming apparatus


A semiconductor package system includes: providing a top package, a through silicon via interposer embedded in the top package; providing a bottom package having a bottom semiconductor die with a top connection adjacent the center active face thereof, a substrate interposer being embedded in the bottom package, the bottom semiconductor die being attached to the substrate interposer; and attaching the top package to the bottom package, the top package having the through silicon via interposer having a via connected to the top connection.

In the electronics industry, the tendency has been to reduce the size of electronic devices such as camcorders and portable telephones while increasing performance and speed. Integrated circuit packages for complex systems typically are comprised of multiple interconnected integrated circuit chips. The integrated circuit chips usually are made from a semiconductor material such as silicon or gallium arsenide. The integrated circuit chips may be mounted in packages that are then mounted on printed wiring boards.
Typically, the packages on which these integrated semiconductor chips are mounted include a substrate or other chip-mounting device. Substrates are parts that provide the package with mechanical base support and a form of electrical interface that would allow the external world to access the device housed within the package. When multiple chips are mounted within the same semiconductor package, routing problems may arise due to the different routing design of each individual chip. To solve this problem, an interposer is often used. An interposer is an electrical interface routing between one socket or connection to another. It is an intermediate layer often used for interconnection routing or as a ground/power plane. Sometimes the terms 'substrate' and 'interposer' are used to refer to the same thing.
A 3D integrated circuit (3D IC) is a single integrated circuit built by stacking silicon wafers and/or dies and interconnecting them vertically so that they behave as a single device. A 3D package contains two or more chips (integrated circuits) stacked vertically so that they occupy less space. Each such chip in such a 3D package could be a conventional chip, a flip chip, or other chips. Conventionally, a single logic die is mounted on silicon using a ball grid array (BGA) package. However, if additional functionality is required, such as flash added to the package stack, 3D IC is needed. Sometimes substrate interposer is used to address the routing problems in 3D IC.
A Package-on-Package (PoP) package is a 3D package in which fully tested packages are stacked on top of one another during the board mount process. A PoP package usually consists of a bottom package and a top package. The bottom package is typically an ASIC or baseband device and the top package may be other functional device such as memory. However, in most 3D packages, the stacked chips are connected together along their edges. And it usually requires extra interposer layers. A laminated substrate is often used for this purpose. Typically both the bottom package and the top package have a laminated substrate. The bottom package has land pads placed on the periphery of the laminated substrate to accommodate the solder balls placed on the periphery of the laminated substrate of the top package. This edge connection on laminated substrate, however, increases the length and width of the package and thus decreases the device density of the package. The current laminated substrate has limited pitch capability.
Typically the laminated substrate can only accommodate semiconductor chips that are not designed for 3D interconnections. Increasingly the semiconductor chips are designed for 3D interconnections. In the front-end-of-line (FEOL) process of semiconductor manufacturing, deep tungsten plugs are routinely fabricated and could serve as via metal interconnecting to other dies. Back-end-of-line (BEOL) process may also be designed for 3D interconnections. In these new technology developments, laminated substrate proves to be inadequate for the modern need of semiconductor 3D interconnections.
Thus, a need still remains for accommodating the modern trend of 3D interconnection design in semiconductor packaging, reducing the package footprint, thickness, and increasing the packaging density. In view of the ever-increasing commercial competitive pressures, along with growing consumer expectations and the diminishing opportunities for meaningful product differentiation in the marketplace, it is critical that answers be found for these problems. Additionally, the need to reduce costs, improve efficiencies and performance, and meet competitive pressures, adds an even greater urgency to the critical necessity for finding answers to these problems.
Solutions to these problems have been long sought but prior developments have not taught or suggested any solutions and, thus, solutions to these problems have long eluded those skilled in the art.

Semiconductor package system with through silicon via interposer