Wearable robotic systems including robotic limbs for supporting a load while a user moves through an environment and their methods of use are described. In one embodiment, a robotic system includes robotic limbs with first and second robotic limb segments that are movable between different configurations to support a load while a user is standing or crawling. In another embodiment, a robotic system includes first and second robotic limbs that are substantially located within a plane parallel to a frontal plane of a user when the robotic system is worn. In another embodiment, a wearable robotic system includes first and second robotic limbs and an associated base that is attachable to a user's torso. The first and second robotic limbs may include a plurality of actuators and associated robotic limb segments to couple the robotic legs to the base and control their movement.

Nuclear decommissioning workers that enter areas contaminated with radioactive or other hazardous material wear Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) such as Hazmat suits and carry Self-Contained Breathing Apparatuses (SCBA). These suits and SCBA tanks limit the amount of time a worker may stay in the working area. Typically, 13.6-kilogram (30-pound) Aluminum SCBA systems are currently used on site and last only 30 minutes. While 30 minutes may be enough time to arrive to a task location, perform the task, and return to a decontamination station, heat exhaustion usually sets in before the tank can be depleted of air. Therefore, while larger and heavier air tanks may allow more air to be carried at a time, the increased loads associated with these tanks would only cause a worker to fatigue faster due to the effort required to carry around the added weight.
To help address the above limited duration during which workers may perform a task, tethered body cooling systems have been tested to little success due to the presence of unsafe exposed hoses and cables which may present a tripping and snag hazard to workers. Self-contained body cooling systems which have also been tested may help to address heat exhaustion and snag issues. However, these cooling systems still add more weight that a person must carry (approximately 5.3 kilograms, or 11.7 pounds, for the Veskimo Hydration Backpack) which may again lead to faster worker fatigue.
In addition to heavy loads and heat exhaustion, workers may also face injury from poor body posture. Manual tasks in manufacturing and industrial settings, including decontamination work at nuclear facilities, often results in workers assuming fatiguing positions near the ground. When performing these tasks, workers may kneel or crouch in potentially painful postures while sometimes using their arms to stabilize and support themselves while also sharply bending at the knee and back to reach the ground and balance. These issues are compounded when workers are wearing heavy PPE. Taking such ergonomically challenging postures for long periods of time may lead to injuries in the lower back, knees, and ankles. This situation applies to many different industries including, for example, construction, manufacturing, transportation, logistics, defense, and agriculture, to name a few. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, there were over 190,000 workplace injuries in manufacturing sectors, and 50,000 injuries in agriculture in 2014. Overall, the cost of workplace injury amounted to over $190 billion in lost productivity and over 1.1 million lost days of work. Out of all workplace injuries in 2014, approximately one in three was a musculoskeletal disorder. In 2010, the average civilian worker's compensation claim due to a back injury in the USA was between $40,000 and $80,000.

Wearable robotic systems for supporting a load


A distributed MMIC active quadrature hybrid (10) provides in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) outputs (22, 24) over an octave bandwidth. The quadrature hybrid includes in-phase and quadrature-phase amplifying elements (14, 12) arranged in a distributed manner. The in-phase amplifying elements (14) include FETs (42) with series inductive feedback (44) in the source path. The quadrature-phase amplifying elements (12) includes FETs (52) with series capacitive feedback (54) in the source path. The series inductive and capacitive feedback provides the phase difference between the hybrid's outputs. The FETs of the in-phase and quadrature-phase amplifying elements have differing gate peripheries to provide amplitude tracking over the bandwidth.

Major components in many microwave systems require quadrature hybrids to provide in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) signals. Typical MMIC quadrature hybrids are lossy and have a limited operational bandwidth. As a result of this limited bandwidth, PSK & QPSK modulators and other microwave circuitry, such as image reject mixers and digital/analog phase shifters, have a resulting limited bandwidth. Accordingly, what is needed is a quadrature hybrid with increased bandwidth. What is also needed is a broadband quadrature hybrid suitable for MMIC fabrication for reduced cost, circuit size and process variation. It is desirable for such a broad bandwidth quadrature hybrid to have less loss than typical quadrature hybrids, and preferably even have gain.

Distributed MMIC active quadrature hybrid and method for providing in-phase and quadrature-phase signals


A system for a cryptographic agile bootloader for upgradable secure computing environment, the cryptographic agile bootloader comprising a computing device associated with a first bootloader is presented. The computing device includes a secure root of trust, the secure root of trust configured to produce a first secret and a second secret and a processor. The processor is configured to load a second bootloader, wherein the second bootloader is configured to generate a secret-specific public datum as a function of the second secret, wherein the secret-specific public datum further comprises a bootloader measurement, load a first bootloader, wherein the first bootloader is configured to sign the secret-specific public datum as a function of the first secret, and replace the first bootloader with the second bootloader.

It is abundantly clear at the time of this writing that no single standard for a post-quantum signature scheme, nor key exchange has emerged as one that will maintain relevance for the next 10 years. This puts currently designed systems at a disadvantage, as it is difficult to predict the nature of future needed upgrades.

Systems and methods for a cryptographic agile bootloader for upgradable secure environment


The plasma treatment apparatus includes a vacuum-tight first container for receiving the workpieces to be treated, and a pressure-tight second container enclosing the first container. The intermediate space between the two containers can be evacuated by a suction device. If a high-temperature process is performed within the inner container, the intermediate space is evacuated, whereby the inner container is relieved of pressure while the outer container, taking up the pressure, is maintained at a low temperature. With low operating temperatures, a gas is kept in convective flow within the intermediate space so that heat is transmitted from the inner container to the outer container. In this case, pressure is taken up by the inner container.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention is directed to a plasma treatment apparatus.
2. Description of Related Art
Plasma treatment apparatuses are used in surface treatment of workpieces for inserting foreign atoms into the workpiece surface, e.g. for the purpose of curing, reduction of wear or coating. In plasma treatment of workpieces, a glow discharge in a vacuum is generated between the workpiece and a counterelectrode while a treatment gas is present in the container at a low pressure (in the range of a few millibars only). From the plasma generated in the treatment gas during glow discharge, gas atoms diffuse into the surface layer of the workpiece.
In thermochemical surface treatment, e.g. in plasma cuburizing, the energy fed to the workpiece by the surface treatment processes has to be kept at a certain level by heat-transmission mechanisms. This mans that a specific treatment temperature, which is determined by the type of the respective procedure, must be maintained. To this effect, it may be necessary to withdraw heat through the container wall.
In a plasma treatment apparatus known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,645,981, the workpiece is inserted into a vacuum-tight container, and clocked glow discharges are generated between the container wall and the workpiece. According to the respective process to be carried out, the energy densities can vary from just a few microwatts to several watts per square centimeter. The container is enclosed by a heat-insulating sheath, and a cooling agent, having been introduced into the intermediate space, is sucked off in downward direction by a sucking means.
Plasma treatment systems have been used heretofore only for one process or, respectively, only for one specific workpiece surface. For this purpose, the container has been provided with a water jacket for cooling, with a heat insulation means provided inside. If such a container, to be used e.g. for a specific workpiece surface, id designed for a temperature of up to 1000.degree. C., the insulation of the container is much too high in case of an operating temperature of 500.degree. C. If the workpiece surface is small, the container can be used neither at 500.degree. C. nor at 1000.degree. C. because the energy yielded by the plasma is not sufficient for heating the container, i.e. an additional heating means has to be installed. The simple solution of using a container of high-quality material (e.g. Inconel) and --if needed--cooling it from the outside is not possible at temperatures above 800.degree. C. due to the lack of rigidity of the material. Another solution provides using a water-cooled outer container, mounting an insulating means of inferior quality and compensating the losses by an additional heating means. Although this solution is feasible, it is highly energy-consuming.
A plasma treatment apparatus known from British Patent No. 1 567 929 comprises a vacuum-tight outer container accommodating therein the inner container forming the negative electrode. An electric heating means is arranged in the intermediate space between the outer container and the inner container. The outer container can be provided with a water cooling means Also, a double-walled walled container of this type is always adapted only for a very restricted range of treatment temperatures.
British Patent No. 1 575 939 discloses a similar plasma treatment apparatus wherein, in a double-walled container, a heating means is arranged around the negative electrode and is surrounded by a radiation insulating means. The radiation insulation means consists a lamellae adjustable relative to each other.
It is an object of the invention to provide a plasma treatment apparatus which in case of high treatment temperatures, can be operated without a complicated cooling system and which, if required, can be used also for processes performed at low operating temperatures.


A forward check valve and a fuel cell system in which fluid control is performed with increased reliability when a highly active fluid is used are structured such that when an edge portion of a cap is joined to an edge portion of a valve housing, a peripheral edge portion of a diaphragm is pushed and sandwiched by a peripheral edge portion of the cap and a placement portion. Further, the diaphragm is formed of rubber. As a result, the peripheral edge portion of the diaphragm is compressed by the peripheral edge portion of the cap and the placement portion, so that the degree of contact at a contact portion between the placement portion and the peripheral edge portion of the diaphragm becomes very high. Consequently, in the forward check valve, joints of the members including a joint of the edge portion of the cap and the edge portion of the valve housing do not contact methanol.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a forward check valve that controls a flow of a fluid in a forward direction, and to a fuel cell system including the forward check valve.
2. Description of the Related Art
A pressure reducing valve provided for passive driving and used in a small fuel cell is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-59093. The pressure reducing valve is formed so that, when the pressure of a fluid becomes a set pressure, the valve automatically opens or closes by making use of a pressure difference.
FIGS. 1A and 1B are each a sectional view of the pressure reducing valve that is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-59093. The pressure reducing valve includes a diaphragm 1, a piston 2, a valve seat 3, a valve body 4, and a supporting portion 5. The diaphragm 1 is a movable section. The piston 2 is a transmission mechanism. The valve seat 3, the valve body 4, and the supporting portion 5 constitute a valve portion. The valve body 4 is supported along a periphery thereof by the supporting portion 5. The supporting portion 5 is formed of a resilient bar. Here, each of these members is a plate member. The pressure reducing valve is manufactured by joining each of these members.
Pressure at a top portion of the diaphragm (movable section) 1 is P0, primary pressure at an upstream side of the valve is P1, pressure at a downstream side of the valve is P2, the area of the valve body 4 is S1, and the area of the diaphragm (movable section) 1 is S2. Here, from the equilibrium of the pressures, as shown in FIG. 1B, the condition for opening the valve is (P1−P2)S1<(P0−P2)S2. If P2 is higher than the pressure of this condition, the valve closes, whereas, if P2 is lower than the pressure of this condition, the valve opens. This makes it possible to maintain P2 at a constant value.
For example, a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) includes a pump that transports fuel (methanol). In general, although a valve-system pump is provided with a valve non-returning function, the valve-system pump is not provided with a valve forward check function (a function of checking or stopping a flow in a forward direction). If a pump that is not provided with a forward check function is used, when an upstream-side pressure (pressure in a forward direction) is applied to the fuel, the fuel flows even when the pump is not operating.
The temperature of a fuel cartridge that is built in a fuel cell system may become high due to the external environment, as a result of which high-pressure fluid may be discharged. This causes excess fluid to be supplied to a fuel cell, as a result of which the pump may be break. Accordingly, a valve that checks a flow in a forward direction if high-pressure fluid is applied (hereunder referred to as "forward check valve") is demanded.
In the pressure reducing valve disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-59093 and shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, joints of the members contact a fluid. Therefore, if a highly active fluid, such as methanol, is used in the pressure reducing valve, joining strengths may be reduced when the methanol deteriorates interfaces at the joints of the members. In the worst case, the methanol may leak from locations between the members due to peeling of the members.
More specifically, when each member of the pressure reducing valve in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-59093 is bonded with an adhesive, the adhesive is deteriorated by the methanol, as a result of which each member is peeled. This causes the methanol to leak from the locations between the members. Even if each member of the pressure reducing valve in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-59093 is formed of a metallic material, and each member is subjected to diffusion bonding, the methanol enters very small gaps that remain at the interfaces at the joints of the members, as a result of which the interfaces at the joints of the members are corroded.
Therefore, a method of integrally forming each member of the pressure reducing valve in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-59093 out of silicon that is highly resistant to corrosion by methanol may be considered. However, in this method, since it is necessary to use an expensive semiconductor process, manufacturing costs are increased.
Therefore, when an existing forward check valve having the structure of the pressure reducing valve according to Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-59093 is manufactured considering manufacturing costs, and a highly active fluid is used in the forward check valve, fluid control cannot be performed with sufficient reliability.

Forward check valve and fuel cell system


A method of fabricating a MOS FET is provided. An oxide layer and a polysilicon layer are successively formed on the semiconductor substrate. A pyramidical photoresist layer is used as a mask for forming a hat-shaped gate structure. A first ion implantation process is performed to form an LDD structure.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates in general to the fabrication of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), and more particularly to the fabricating of a lightly doped drain (LDD) structure. A gate with a particular configuration is formed by a photoresist layer with a particular configuration. Then, a step of ion implantation is performed, using the gate with a particular configuration as a mask, to form a lightly doped drain structure of a MOSFET.
One of the most important tendency of modern integrated circuit (IC) fabricating technique is to develop smaller line width devices. As the channel length is reduced but the voltage provided remains as usual, the lateral electric field of the channel increases. Therefore, the energy of the electrons in the channel obtained from electric field speeding increases, especially in the area around the junction of the channel and the source/drain region. These electrons have higher energy than other electrons in thermal equilibrium so that they are called hot electrons. Some of the hot electrons even arrive in the gate oxide layer. The resulting electric holes immigrate to the semiconductor substrate and therefore results in leakage current.
To reduce the hot electron effect as fabricating a short channel MOS, the design of an LDD structure is used to prevent leakage current. The LDD structure includes a more lightly doped region near the channel.
To further understand the LDD structure of a MOS field effect transistor, an NMOS on a p-substrate is taken as an example.
Referring to FIG. 1A, on a p-substrate 1, a field region 2 is formed to isolate the adjacent MOS device. The field region 2 can be formed by local oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) or shallow trench isolation (STI). STI technique is performed by first forming trenches in the p-substrate 1 and then filling oxide into the trenches, using chemical vapor deposition, to form field oxide region 2. An oxide layer 4 is then formed by thermal oxidation. A polysilicon layer 6 is formed on the oxide layer. The polysilicon layer 6 is typically formed by depositing polysilicon, using low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), doping and finally annealing to activate the dopant so that the conductivity of the polysilicon layer is increased. Then, a photoresist layer 8 is formed on the polysilicon layer 6.
Next, referring to FIG. 1B, the photoresist layer 8 is patterned to form a photoresist layer 8a. Using the patterned photoresist layer 8a as a mask, the oxide layer 4 and the polysilicon layer 6 are anisotropically etched to define the gate oxide layer 4a and the gate polysilicon layer 6a.
Referring to FIG. 1C, the patterned photoresist layer 8a is removed.
Then, PMOSs on the substrate 1 are covered by a mask (not shown). Referring to FIG. 1D, ion implantation process is performed to form a lightly doped source/drain region 10 with 1.times.10.sup.13 /cm.sup.2 .about.1.times.10.sup.14 /cm.sup.2 of P.sup.31 using an energy level of about 30 KeV.about.100 keV. The doping depth is about 0.02 .mu.m.about.0.15 .mu.m.
Referring to FIG. 1E, an oxide layer is deposited over the whole surface of the device structure by chemical vapor deposition. An anisotropic etching back is performed to etch back the oxide layer to form a spacer 12 around the gate polysilicon layer 6a and gate oxide layer 4a.
Referring to FIG. 1F dopant of high concentration is than implanted into the substrate. After annealing, source/drain regions with LDD structure, having a first concentration region 10a and a second concentration region 10b are formed. The dopant concentration of the first concentration region 10a is lower than the one of the second concentration region 10b. The high concentration dopant can be P.sup.31, the energy can be about 150 KeV.about.500 KeV, the dosage of the ion implanted can be 1.times.10.sup.13 /cm.sup.2 .about.1.times.10.sup.14 /cm.sup.2 and the depth can be about 0.2 .mu.m.about.0.6 .mu.m.
Conventionally, two masks and two steps of ion implantation for lightly doped drain structure are required for a substrate having both NMOS FETs and PMOS FETs. Also, after the formation of the spacers, further two masks and two ion implantation steps for forming source/drain regions are needed for forming the whole LDD structure.

Metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor device fabrication process


The exemplary embodiments provide a computer implemented method, apparatus, and computer usable program code for managing location-based services provided via a wireless access point. A signal is received from a client device by at least one wireless access point. A distance the signal has traveled to the at least one wireless access point is determined. A determination as to whether the client device is within an allowed range of the at least one wireless access point is made based on the determined distance. Responsive to a determination that the client device is within an allowed range, a location of the client device is determined. Location-based service information is sent to the client device based on the determined location of the client device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is related generally to a data processing system and in particular to a method and apparatus for a wireless access point. More particularly, the present invention is directed to a computer-implemented method, apparatus, and computer-usable program code for managing location-based services provided via a wireless access point.
2. Description of the Related Art
Wireless networking technology enables users to access networks, such as the Internet, from wireless hand held computing devices. Wireless hand held computing devices include, but are not limited to, laptop computers, tablet PCs, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and cellular telephones.
A wireless access point (WAP) is a device that provides access to a wireless network such as a router. A client device, such as a laptop or a PDA, that wants to access a wireless network, requests access from the wireless access point. The wireless access range is the range within which a wireless access point can provide a client with access to a wireless network.
A wireless access point can provide open access to client devices. Open access provides access to all requesting client devices within the access range of the wireless access point without requiring a user authentication. Frequently, wireless access point owners want to provide open access to persons on their property. For example, coffee shops, hotels, airports, restaurants, and colleges generally have open access points to draw in customers and students.
A wireless transmission travels at one foot per nanosecond. If the wireless transmission duration between two devices is twenty nanoseconds, the devices are determined to be twenty feet apart. Commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/612,820 provides a mechanism for measuring wireless transmission duration to support security policies.
While great strides have been made in the area of wireless access points, problems still exist, particularly in the application of wireless access points to location-based services (LBS).

Wireless transmission duration and location-based services

International Business Machines Corporation


An illumination unit includes: a light source section including a laser light source; an optical-path branching device outputting light incident from the light source section, by branching the light into an outgoing optical path of illumination light and other optical path; a photodetector receiving a light flux that travels on the other optical path; a control section controlling an emitted light quantity in the laser light source, based on a quantity of the light flux received by the photodetector; and a light-quantity-distribution control device disposed between the optical-path branching device and the photodetector on the other optical path, the light-quantity-distribution control device controlling a light quantity distribution in the light flux to be incident upon the photodetector.

The disclosure relates to an illumination unit that emits light including a laser beam, and a display that displays an image by using such an illumination unit.
In general, an optical module, which is one of main parts of a projector (a projection-type display), is configured to have an illumination optical system (an illumination unit) and a projection optical system. The illumination optical system includes a light source, and the projection optical system includes a light modulation device. In the field of such a projector, small (palmtop) and lightweight portable projectors called "micro-projector" have become widespread in recent years. In this micro-projector, LED (Light Emitting Diode) has been mainly used as the light source of the illumination unit.
Meanwhile, lately, lasers have been receiving attention as a new type of light source for the illumination unit. For instance, following the commercialization of high-output blue semiconductor lasers and red semiconductor lasers, development of green semiconductor lasers has been underway and is about to reach a practical level. Against this backdrop, there has been suggested a projector in which single-color lasers (semiconductor lasers) for three primary colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) are used as a light source of the illumination unit. Use of the single-color laser as the light source makes it possible to obtain a projector in which a color reproduction range is wide and power consumption is low.
Further, in recent years, there has been a demand for improvements in size (downsizing) and brightness of portable projectors. This is because, in existing small semiconductor lasers, although output is considered to be high, brightness tends to be insufficient. Therefore, development of semiconductor lasers with higher output has been vigorously pursued.


A transformerless power controller provides low standby power (milliwatts) for standby circuitry/logic of an appliance when the appliance is not in use. The power controller also provides gradations of power for the appliance based on need of the appliance and/or appliance component(s). In one form, a signal from a processor of the appliance provides control of the power controller. Particularly, a control signal from the processor operates a switch for the gradations of available power. The control signal may further provide timing for application of the power to the appliance and/or appliance component(s).

Appliances of today have a variety of components that cooperate to provide functionality for the appliance. Such variety of components encompasses both user-actuated components and appliance-actuated components. Particularly, this includes controls, controllers, processors, motors, solenoids/solenoid valves, timers, and the like, electronic circuitry/logic including memory and program instructions.
Most, if not all, of the variety of components such as those listed above utilize electricity to operate. Of these, most of the various appliance components are electronically controlled. Some components such as motors and/or solenoids require a fair amount of power to operate while electronic circuitry requires little power to operate. Additionally, the various components are not always on at the same time and thus do not always need power. At least some of the electronics and/or electronic circuitry/logic controlling the various components of the appliance, however, require some power even when the appliance is off. This is known as a standby mode.
Standby mode allows the appliance to determine if a user has actuated a particular component of the appliance while the appliance is not in use. As well, standby mode allows some power to be provided to certain components and/or electronic circuitry/logic as necessary. The standby mode/circuitry also provides the necessary power to the requisite components when user-initiation of a mode has been determined.
Standby circuitry typically utilizes transformers in some manner to provide the standby power and/or the power necessary to the appropriate component(s) when use is determined. Heretofore, the amount of power required by current appliance standby circuitry is rather high. It is desirable to reduce the amount of standby power being used by the appliance for several reasons. One reason is to reduce a user's electricity bill. Another reason is to reduce internal problems associated with the amount of power used by current standby circuitry/logic.
What is therefore needed is low power standby circuitry/logic for an appliance.

Appliance control system with power controller


Disclosed is a pin-detachment guide member for fixing a side shield which is capable of easily fixing or detaching the side shield to or from glasses. The pin-detachment guide member includes an inserting protrusion (400) having a screw thread and integrally formed with one surface of the temple (A) of glasses, and a pin-detachment guide member (300) introduced into an inner space of the upper and lower wings (D and E) which overlap with each other in a vertical direction of the inserting protrusion (400), such that the pin-detachment guide member (300) is screw-coupled with the inserting protrusion (400).

The present invention relates to a side shield applicable to industrial glasses, and more particularly, to a side shield fixing structure capable of easily fixing or detaching a side shield to or from glasses.
Generally, if glasses are worn, spaces between the temples and frames of glasses are inevitably spaced apart from a face. Due to such a separation phenomenon, sizes of gaps are formed between a face and temples, so that external foreign substances may be introduced through the gaps to the face of a wearer. Specifically, since a more lot of foreign substances exist in environments of industrial fields, it is very concerned to wound eyes of a labor so that visual disability may be caused.
In addition, when work such as welding work is performed in an industrial field, a worker wears industrial glasses in order to prevent his eyes from being wounded by foreign materials such as fragments or flames. However, even if such industrial glasses are worn, foreign materials such as fragments or flames are introduced through the spaces formed at left and right sides of the glasses so that the eyes of a worker may be wounded.
So, in order to prevent the negligent accident described above, side shields are installed to the hinges of left and right temples so that foreign substances are prevented from being introduced.
That is, the side shields are installed through the spaces between the temples and the frame of glasses so that foreign substances are prevented from being introduced to a face as well as eyes. According to the related art, an install hole is formed in an adhesive surface of a side shied and a screw is coupled to one of the temples of glasses through the adhesive hole to fix the side shield to the temple of glasses.
However, according to the related art of fixing the side shield through a screw coupling scheme described above, an error rate is high, workability is worse, and it is difficult to prevent glasses from being damaged because the hole is directly formed in the temple of glasses.
An example of the related art is disclosed in Korean utility model application No. 20-2004-2017 entitled "Structure of fixing side shield for glasses".
The structure of fixing a side shield for glasses includes through-holes formed at upper and lower portions of a rear part of the side shield surrounding the temple of glasses, and a fixing member having an elastic member therein and hooks formed at upper and lower ends thereof. While the fixing member is inserted through an opening of the side shield such that the fixing member is coupled to the through holes, the elastic member adheres elastically and closely to the temple of glasses.
However, according to the example of the related art, since the hooks of the fixing member are inserted into the though holes from the inside to the outside of the side shield, it is very inconvenient to disassemble the fixing member to separate the side shield from the temple of glasses. That is, when the fixing member is disassembled, since the fixing member is drawn back by one tool held by one hand in order to be disassembled in state that the elastic member of the fixing member is pressed by another tool held by the other hand, the convenience in use is not at all taken into consideration.
FIGS. 1 and 2 are views showing one example of a side shield according to the related art.
As shown in FIG. 1, through holes 22 are formed at upper and lower portions in a rear part of the side shield 2 surrounding the temple of glasses and a fixing member including a pushing support 102 at an inside thereof and hooks 101 formed at upper and lower ends thereof is inserted through an opening 21 of the side shield 2, so that the pushing support 102 is pressed by the temple 3 of glasses while the hooks 101 of the fixing member 1 are coupled into the through holes 22.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, after the temple 3 of glasses is placed in the side shield 2 of the related art to allow the side shield 2 to surround the temple 3, the fixing member 1 is inserted into the opening 21 of the side shield 2 such that both hooks 101 of the fixing member 1 are coupled into the upper and lower through-holes 22 of the side shield. Thus, the pressing support 102 prepared between both hooks 101 of the fixing member 1 presses the temple 3 of the glasses, so that the side shield 2 may be coupled to the temple 3 of glasses.
According to the side shield having the above-described structure, after a user fit inserts the side shield with the flame of glasses, the fixing member is inserted into the side shield to press the temple of glasses to fix the side shield to the temple. Thus, the side shield is firmly coupled between the temple and the frame of the glasses. In addition, since the side shield is assembled in such a manner of inserting the hooks of the fixing member into the through holes formed in the side shield, anyone can conveniently and easily install and use the side shield. In advance, since the fixing member is depressed and disposed corresponding to a size of the side shield, there is an advantage of providing a neat shape.
Nevertheless, in the above described structure, when both hooks of the fixing member are inserted and fixed to the through-holes of the side shield after the side shield is installed to the temple, the assembly is quickly and easily completed due to inclined surfaces prepared on the hooks. However, the structure involves a disadvantage that it is difficult to inversely disassemble the fixing member from the side shield. That is, when the fixing member is inserted into the side shield through the opening to fix the side shield to the temple after the temple is placed in the side shield, the hooks formed at both sides of the fixing member are fitted into the through-holes of the side shield. When the hooks of the fixing member is latched and fixed into the through holes, due to the hooks having an inverted triangle shape, it is impossible to disassemble the fixing member from the side shield. If the fixing member is disassembled by force, the hooks of the fixing member and the through holes of the side shield may be damaged.
As a result, if once the side shield according to the related art is assembled, it is very inconvenient to disassemble the side shield, so that use of the side shield is very complicated and it is very concerned that the side shield may be damaged in disassembly, so it is concerned to give rise to waste of the cost due to repurchasing the side shield.

Side shield fixing structure having pin-detachment guide member


A temple for an eyeglass frame exerts an urging force onto a facial surface, and has a simple structure to make the manufacture and assembly thereof easy. The temple can be provided at an inexpensive cost. The temple comprises four surfaces of an inner surface 20, an outer surface 30, an upper surface 40, and a lower surface 50 on one end side, which end is linked to armor 70 with a hinge 60 put between the end and the armor 70. The outer surface 30 has outer surface concave portions 31, 32, and 33, each formed in a curved surface parallel to the rotation axis of the hinge 60. The portions of the inner surface 20 corresponding to the outer surface concave portions 31, 32, and 33 are formed in curved surfaces parallel to the curved surfaces of the outer surface concave portions 31, 32, and 33 to form an almost uniform thickness between the portions.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a temple for an eyeglass frame, and more particularly to a temple exerting an urging force onto a facial surface.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are various types of eyeglass frames. For example, an eyeglass frame equipped with a pair of ring-like rims, a bridge linking the inner edge portions of both of the rims together, and temples rotatably linked to the outer edge portions of both of the rims with spring hinges put between the temples and the outer edge portions has been known. The eyeglass frame disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-185981 is equipped with spring hinges each linking a temple and armor together, and is configured so that the tip of a blade spring provided on each of the temples abuts against the end of each piece of the armor at a predetermined position when the temple is opened.
Then, if the temple is further opened from the predetermined position, the blade spring bends as the temple opens, and a restoring force tending to push back the temple to the predetermined position is exerted. Accordingly, if the degrees of the openings of the temples are previously adjusted to the ones opened by a little more than the predetermined positions when the eyeglass frame is worn, then an urging force can be exerted onto the facial surface, and consequently the eyeglasses can be used in the state of being fitted for the face.
However, because the structures of the spring hinges are complicated, the eyeglass frame mentioned above has the problem of taking a lot of trouble with the manufacture and assembly thereof to makes the cost thereof high. Moreover, the eyeglass frame has the problem of needing periodical maintenance in order to maintain the initial performance thereof for a long time. Furthermore, the spring hinge has the problem of enlarging the shapes of the temples to make it impossible to smartly design the eyeglass frame.


A multiprotocol radio communications network that includes a first plurality of stationary transceivers for handling low-tier traffic and a second plurality of stationary transceivers for handling high-tier traffic. The stationary transceivers communicate information to a mobile transceiver at different information rates. A switching center automatically switches communication between the mobile transceiver and the stationary transceivers as the mobile transceiver moves between areas of different traffic density.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a mobile telephone system, and, more particularly, to a mobile telephone system employing multiple protocols.
2. Description of the Related Art
A typical mobile telephone system includes a mobile station and multiple fixed stations. The mobile station initially accesses the system by selecting the fixed station having a signal that is most strongly received by the mobile station. A problem with this system is that a mobile station may move between areas having different densities of active mobile stations. It is difficult for such a system to be optimally configured for both the low and high density areas.

Multiprotocol mobile telephone network having high tier and low tier systems


Apparatus and method for skate training exercise comprising arms of relatively long length pivotably mounted on a frame. The user's foot is secured in a stirrup on the arm opposite the pivot point. A resistance means is provided to provide resistance as the user pushes his foot away from the body along an arcuate path defined by the arm in simulated skating stroke. A return means is provided to assist the user in returning his foot along the arcuate path after predetermined angle is traversed. Various resistant means include electro-magnetic, fly wheel-fan and weight stack.

The present invention relates to exercise devices and more particularly, an exercise device for simulating skating and strengthening muscles used therein. The invention also relates to a method for exercising muscles used in skating.
With the increasing popularity of skating, particularly in-line roller skating, there has become an increased demand for exercise apparatus and methods which would allow the user to more closely simulate skating action and exercise and strengthen muscles used in skating. There is also a need for a device which provides a cardiovascular or aerobic exercise while allowing a person to train for skating.
There are a number of prior art devices which attempt with varying degrees of success to simulate a skating motion while allowing the user to exert force and exercise and strengthen muscles. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,214 to Schutzer discloses a training apparatus for skaters. The Schutzer apparatus is similar to the slideboard which is well known among serious skaters. The Schutzer device provides a lateral, inclined track which allows side-to-side motion and stretching of feet and legs. An upright at the center of the device helps to maintain the user's body in the correct position.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,781,372 to McCormick and U.S. Patent No. 4,811,941 to Elo, both disclose skating exercise devices which utilize a foot stirrup that moves along a linear track and is resisted by a weight stack. The track and stirrup are arranged to allow the user to be generally in a squatting position which attempts to simulate the skater's position. The track in each device is pivotable about a point in front of the user. The McCormick device appears to allow adjustment for pushing at different angles. The track of the Elo device also pivots in an attempt to simulate skating motion.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,915,373 to Walker discloses a further exercising machine for ice skating. The Walker device includes a bicycle-type saddle in the center, on which the user is seated in a crouching position. Foot stirrups ride in two triangular tracks on either side of the saddle, intended to approximate skating motion. A portion of each track is designated as a power section and is provided with means for creating drag on the stirrup as it passes therethrough, in order to require greater exertion of force by the user over that portion.
A further device, known as The Skating Machine.TM. by Sport Specific Inc. includes articulated arms with foot stirrups that pivot at two points in front of the user. Resistance is provided by adjustable fluid cylinders.
None of the devices discussed above closely simulates a natural and dynamic skating motion. Thus, in spite of the many different devices in the prior art, there is a need for an exercise apparatus which will allow close simulation of a natural and dynamic skating motion at both relatively high and low speeds while allowing strengthening or aerobic exercise. This need has not yet to date been met by the art.

Skate training exercise apparatus and method


A method includes determining a first operational characteristic representative of an operational speed of a circuit device at a first time. The method further includes receiving an input signal at an input of a first latch of the circuit device and receiving an output signal at an input of a second latch of the circuit device. The method additionally includes delaying a clock signal by a first delay to provide a first adjusted clock signal and delaying the clock signal by a second delay to provide a second adjusted clock signal. In one embodiment, the first delay and the second delay are based on the first operational characteristic. The method further includes latching the input signal at the first latch responsive to the first adjusted clock signal and latching the output signal at the second latch responsive to the second adjusted clock signal.

Variations in the manufacturing process of an integrated circuit device, as well as variations in temperature and voltage during operation of the integrated circuit device (collectively referred to as process-voltage-temperature or PVT) typically result in significant variations in the operational speed of logic of the integrated circuit device. As the operational speed changes, the setup and hold times for various logic components change, thereby typically requiring that other devices that interface with the integrated circuit device be designed toward the worst case scenario for setup and hold times. As a result of these timing constraints, system designers typically are forced to implement more costly, complex and faster interfacing devices. Accordingly, an improved technique for controlling the timing of an integrated circuit device to compensate for PVT variations would be advantageous.
The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicates similar or identical items.

Dynamic timing adjustment in a circuit device


A process for oxidizing a compound comprises contacting the compound with iodide ions and irradiating the iodide ions with UV light of a wavelength sufficient to generate iodine atoms. The compound is then oxidized with the resulting iodine atoms. The iodine atoms are reduce to iodide ions as a result of the oxidation of the compound.

Photochemically generated hydroxyl radicals (.multidot.OH) or photochemically activated ozone (O.sub.3) are frequently used as oxidising agents due to their high oxidation potentials.
Their high oxidation potentials can, however, be a drawback in that it may be difficult to target oxidation by these agents only to a particular desired chemical compound. The products of the initial oxidation may themselves be further oxidised by these agents, thus failing to provide the desired selectivity or, in some cases, leading to the production of undesirable or hazardous by-products.
One example where oxidation by .multidot.OH or O.sub.3 is undesirable is in the oxidative degradation of hydrazines which may occur as pollutants in waste waters or contaminated groundwaters. Thus, for example, if 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (or unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, UDMH) is oxidised by .multidot.OH or O.sub.3, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is produced.
NDMA is carcinogenic and has a much lower discharge requirement than UDMH. Thus if .multidot.OH or O.sub.3 is employed as oxidant to treat waste contaminated with UDMH, a long and much more expensive treatment is required to remove the NDMA formed as a byproduct. It may be difficult to achieve the low parts per trillion (ppt) discharge requirements of NDMA even with extensive treatment by .multidot.OH or O.sub.3.
An alternative oxidant, other than .multidot.OH or O.sub.3, which does not add an oxygen molecule to the contaminant, is required to treat hydrazine waste streams. Fochtman et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,402,836) have disclosed a method of treatment of hydrazine-containing waste waters involving the addition of chlorine gas to the waste water followed by the application of UV light. This method has several drawbacks. Chlorine is a corrosive, toxic gas, requiring special handling which adds to the cost and inconvenience of the process. Chlorine treatment can also produce toxic chlorinated byproducts if sufficient treatment time is not allowed. As well, when high levels of hydrazines must be treated, large quantities of chlorine gas are required and result in very high concentrations of residual chloride ions (Cl.sup.-) building up in the water.
Meiners et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 3,649,493) have disclosed a method for oxidizing organic contaminants by addition of a hypohalous acid and UV light. This method is safer than treatment with chlorine gas but it has several drawbacks if used to treat hydrazine-containing waste waters. Photolysis of hypohalous acids is known to produce hydroxyl radicals (.multidot.OH) and hence results in production of NDMA when UDMH is treated. As well, the treatment of high concentrations of hydrazines results in a buildup of high levels of halogen ions such as chloride ion (Cl.sup.-), which may lead to corrosion problems and may also violate discharge requirements.
Iodine (I.sub.2) is known to oxidize hydrazine and is used as an analytical method for hydrazine determination (Skoog, D. A. and West, D. M. in "Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry:" 1982, CBS College Publishing, p 374-378). Iodine has, however, a low solubility in water making it impractical for waste water treatment. In addition, iodide ion (I.sup.-) is a byproduct of the oxidation so that non-photochemical oxidation using I.sub.2 results in the build up of I.sup.-.
The ultraviolet photolysis of iodide ions produces iodine atoms and hydrated electrons. This means of generation of hydrated electrons has been harnessed in a reductive degradation process for certain contaminants (Bolton and Cater, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 7/801,808). The possibility of photooxidation by the iodine atoms produced was not explored.
There remains a need for a convenient oxidative process for degradation of hydrazines without the formation of toxic byproducts or the build up of halogen ions.
There also remains a need for an oxidising process without the poor selectivity of oxidation by .multidot.OH or O.sub.3.


The present disclosure relates to a system and a method for gas fingerprinting. The system includes multiple holders having a distinct gas-permeable membrane disposed of therewithin such that a confined space is created behind the membranes. The test gas is pressurized in a single gas reservoir and is allowed to permeate through the membranes into respective confined spaces. The accumulated pressure values behind the utilized membranes (in the confined spaces) at a given time, are simultaneously recorded using pressure sensors. The recorded gas accumulation data is processed by a computing device to determine a characteristic property for each test gas. The system ability to fingerprint gases is demonstrated by ten test gases including helium, neon, argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, propane, and ethylene, and is also able to discriminate between closely related gases.

Background description includes information that will be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
Gas identification is widely required in several fields such as medical, industrial, alarming, military, and security applications. Several analytical instrumental techniques are available in the prior art for the identification of gases. These techniques include infra-red spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, photoacoustic spectroscopy, and electronic noses systems that are based on different types of sensor arrays. Nowadays, electronic nose systems are the primary gas identification means, which typically involve an array of sensors, signal acquisition and processing, pattern recognition, and reference database. Generally, distinct chemical sensors specific to a single gas type are not required in the electronic nose systems. Instead, sensors array in electronic nose upon detecting the specific gas generate and transmit a set of signals to a processing unit that recognizes a pattern in the signals and compares them with a large database of known reference signals, to identify the corresponding gas. Accordingly, multiple numbers of such sensors are required to identify the composition of a gas mixture of different gases.
The common sensor types utilized in existing electronic noses are metal oxide semiconductors, chemiresistive, electrochemical sensors, gravimetric (SAW, BAW, QCM, etc.), and colorimetric and fluorometric. However, the sensors used in the construction of existing electronic noses suffer from one or more limitations such as moisture sensitivity, need for high temperature, not being capable of detecting multiple gases or gas mixture composition, or not being matured for commercialization. Besides, these sensors are typically responsive to limited group or groups of gases.
There is, therefore, a need to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, limitations, and shortcomings associated with exiting gas identification techniques and provide an improved, and efficient approach for gas identification/fingerprinting for the construction of portable and reliable electronic noses, applicable for the identification of, in principle, of any gas or gas mixture and is also able to discriminate between closely related gases.

Method and system for gas identification by simultaneous permeation through parallel membranes


Novel human polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences are disclosed that can be used in thereapeutic, diagnostic, and pharmacogenomic applications.

Neurolysins are soluble proteins of the zinc metalloprotease family that bind and cleave protein substrates such as angiotensin or neurotensin (typically between pro and tyr residues). As such, neurolysins have been implicated in a number of biological processes and anomalies such as blood pressure regulation, kidney function, pain management, cardiac disease, natriuresis and diabetes. Consequently, neurolysins can act as therapeutics as well as drug targets.

Human metalloprotease and polynucleotides encoding the same


When a workpiece which is made up by laminating a plurality of plates of different thicknesses is welded by using a spot welding gun having a pair of electrode tips, the electrode force to the workpiece by one of the electrode tips, which is positioned on the side of a thinner plate, is made larger that the electrode force to the workpiece by the other of the electrode tips. The contact pressure on the side of the thinner plate becomes larger with the result that the contact resistance decreases. Therefore, the nugget on the side of the thinner plate becomes smaller than the nugget on the side of the thicker plate.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electric resistance welding method for welding a workpiece which is made up by laminating a plurality of sheets of metal of different thicknesses, the welding being made by means of a spot welding gun having a pair of electrode tips.
2. Description of the Related Art
A spot welding gun is arranged such that a workpiece is pinched between a pair of electrode tips and is pressed (i.e., an electrode force is applied) and, in this state, the electrode tips are charged with electricity to thereby weld the workpiece by electric resistance welding. Conventionally, an equalizing mechanism is built in the spot welding gun in order to substantially equalize the electrode forces of both electrodes to the workpiece.
When a workpiece W which is made up by laminating a thin sheet of metal (also called a thin plate) b on top of two thick sheets of metal (also called thick plates) "a", "a" as shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B is subjected to electric resistance welding, if an electrode force of each of the electrode tips T to the workpiece W is made even, there will be formed a nugget N (i.e., a molten portion due to heat generation by resistance during electric charging) of the same size between the thick plates "a", "a" and between the upper thick plate "a" and the thin plate b. As shown in FIG. 6A, if the nugget N is formed in such a size as to be sufficient to secure a weld strength between the thick plates "a", "a", the nugget N on the side of the thin plate b will reach the surface of the thin plate b. This will cause the occurrence of spatters and/or adhesion of the electrode tip to the workpiece through melting. Therefore, it becomes necessary to decrease the amount of electric charging to thereby minimize the nugget N to suit the thin plate b, as shown in FIG. 6B. As a consequence, it becomes difficult to secure a weld strength between the thick plates "a", "a".
In view of the above-described point, the present invention has an object of providing an electric resistance welding method in which the occurrence of spatters and/or adhesion of the electrode tip to the workpiece through melting is prevented and in which the weld strength is improved.

Electric resistance welding method with unequal force application


A branch aware first-in first-out (FIFO) memory may include a memory array to store data; a push pointer to address memory locations therein to write data; a pop pointer to address memory locations therein to read data; a pointer memory; and control logic coupled to the pointer memory. The pointer memory saves prior pop pointer values of the pop pointer. The control logic may restore prior pop pointer values from the pointer memory into the pop pointer in response to receiving program branching information.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to first in first out (FIFO) memory and registers, and more specifically to FIFO control in a multiprocessor system passing data with a shared FIFO.
2. Background Information
First-in first-out memory devices are well known. In some cases they may be formed out of a parallel array of registers or flip-flops coupled in series together or a register file with a read pointer (i.e., pop pointer) and a write pointer (i.e., push pointer). In another case, the FIFO memory device may be a may be a random access memory (RAM) array with a read pointer (i.e., pop pointer) and a write pointer (i.e., push pointer).
A FIFO memory may be used to buffer data between two digital devices operating at different speeds. FIFO memory devices are often used to buffer data such as in the case of a universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) or a video frame buffer. In these cases, the data is written into the FIFO memory and retrieved from the FIFO memory in the same order. However, the data may be clocked into the FIFO memory at one rate and read out from the FIFO memory at another rate. In this case, the FIFO memory can be considered to be asynchronously clocked. If data is clocked into and out of the FIFO memory at the same rate, the FIFO memory can be considered to be synchronously clocked.
The storage devices generally used in FIFO memory are static type memory cells in order that the cells do not need refreshing and that they do not constantly need to be clocked. Examples of these types of memory cells are a latch or a flip-flop.
Basic control of FIFO memories devices is known, such as how to control the pushing of data (i.e., write) into a FIFO memory and how to pop data out (i.e., read) from a FIFO memory, as well as providing status information to indicate whether or not a FIFO memory is full or empty.

Branch-aware FIFO for interprocessor data sharing


A method, system or computer usable program product for securing pages that contain sensitive information including utilizing a processor to provide a user interface on a display allowing a user to select a page as password protected on a device, responsive to a user utilizing the UI to select the page as password protected, receiving a password from the user, and requiring entry of the password before displaying the page on the display.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to managing sensitive information, and in particular, to a computer implemented method for securing sensitive information with password protection.
2. Description of Related Art
Mobile devices such as mobile phones, tablets, notebooks and laptops are rapidly expanding in use and function. The number of mobile phone subscriptions in developed nations is approaching 100%, with many of those mobile phones being smartphones. Smartphones allow users to perform a variety of tasks including internet browsing, picture taking, email communications, and even point of sale purchases. In addition, notebooks, tablets and other mobile devices are also widely used to perform many of the same tasks as mobile phones, but typically with a larger user interface display and often with different input devices such as a keyboard. As a result of the utilization of these mobile devices, users are able to remotely perform more tasks than ever before.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


Light emitting die package is disclosed. The die package includes a leadframe, a bottom heatsink, a top heatsink, a reflector and a lens. The top and bottom heatsinks are thermally coupled but electrically insulated from the leadframe. The leadframe includes a plurality of leads and defines a mounting pad for mounting LEDS. The top heatsink defines an opening over the mounting pad. The reflector is coupled to the top heatsink at the opening. The lens is placed over the opening defining an enclosed cavity over the mounting pad. At least one light emitting device (LED) is mounted on the mounting pad within the cavity. Encapsulant optically couples the LED to its surrounding surfaces to maximize its optical performance. When energized, the LED generates light and heat. The light is reflected by the reflector and operated on by the lens. The heat is dissipated by the top and the bottom heatsinks.

The present invention relates to the field of packaging semiconductor devices, and more particularly to packaging light emitting diodes.
Light emitting devices (LEDS) such as light emitting diodes are often packaged within leadframe packages. A leadframe package typically includes an LED connected to thin metal leads where the LED and most of the leads are completely encapsulated within a plastic body. A part of the plastic body defines a lens. A portion of the leads connected to the LED extends outside the plastic body. The metal leads of the leadframe package serve as the conduit to supply the LED with electrical power and, at the same time, may act to draw heat away from the LED. Heat is generated by the LED when power is applied to the LED to produce light. The portion of the leads that extend out from the package body connects to circuits external to the leadframe package.
Some of the heat generated by the LED is dissipated by the plastic package body; however, most of the heat is drawn away from the LED via the metal components of the package. The metal leads are typically very thin and have a small cross section. For this reason, capacity of the metal leads to remove heat from the LED is limited. This limits the amount of power that can be sent to the LED. This, in turn, limits the amount of light that can be generated by the LED.
To increase the capacity of an LED package to dissipate heat, various designs are used in the industry; however, each of these designs results in LED packages with limited heat dissipation capacities while increasing the complexity and the costs of manufacturing the LED packages. For example, in one approach, LED packages are designed to include the LED within a cavity of a heatsink slug. Then, the heatsink slug is surrounded by a plastic body except for its bottom surface. For example, some LUXEON™ LED packages by Lumileds Lighting, LLC embodies such a design. Here, the heatsink slug increases the capacity of the LED package to dissipate heat; however, LED packages of this design are relatively difficult and costly to manufacture. Further, the heat dissipation is limited because of its limited exposed surface (the bottom surface only).
In another LED package design, the leads of the leadframe are extended (in various shapes and configurations) beyond the immediate edge of the LED package body. This increases the surface area of the portions of the leads exposed to the surrounding air. The increased exposed surface area of the extended leads increases the capacity of the LED package to dissipate heat; however, the extended leads increase the size of the LED package requiring relatively large area on a circuit board. Circuit board area is a scarce and costly factor in many applications.
Another undesirable aspect of the current leadframe package designs relates to problems associated with thermal expansion of the package. When heat is generated, the LED package experiences thermal expansion. Each of the parts of the LED package has a different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). For example, the CTE of the LED, the CTE of the package body, the CTE of the leads, and the CTE of lens are different from each other. For this reason, when heated, each of these parts experience different degrees of thermal expansion resulting in mechanical stresses between the parts of the package thereby adversely affecting its reliability.
Consequently, there remains a need for an improved LED package that overcomes or alleviates one or more of the shortcomings of the prior art packages.

Composite leadframe LED package and method of making the same


A receiver in a data read channel has an input terminal for receiving an input signal provided by a transmitter of the data read channel, and produces an output signal at an output terminal. The receiver includes a finite impulse response (FIR) filter coupled to the input terminal and having filter coefficients capable of being adapted, an interpolated timing-recovery circuit coupled to an output of the FIR filter, the timing-recovery circuit having an output signal coupled to the output terminal of the receiver, and a timer circuit coupled to the output terminal and feedback connected to the timing-recovery circuit, wherein the coefficients of the timing-recovery circuit are dynamically adapted using a cost weighted function through a signal power spectrum of the data read channel.

Computer-disk storage systems record digital data onto a surface of a storage medium, which is typically a rotating magnetic or optical disk, by changing a surface characteristic of the disk in a pattern determined by the digital data itself. The digital data determines how a write transducer (write head), operating at a predetermined speed, records binary sequences onto the disk surface. In magnetic recording systems, for example, the digital data modulates electric current in a write coil in order to record a series of magnetic flux transitions onto the surface of a magnetizable disk. Similarly, in optical recording systems, the digital data may modulate the intensity of a laser beam in order to record a series of "pits" onto the surface of an optical disk. Other systems, for instance, magneto-optical systems use a hybrid combination of the two. When reading the previously recorded data, a read transducer (read head), positioned near or otherwise sensing the surface of the spinning disk, senses the alterations on the medium and generates a sequence of corresponding pulses in an analog read signal. These pulses are then detected and decoded by read-channel circuitry in order to reproduce the digital sequence.
In a conventional analog read channel, detecting and decoding the pulses into a digital sequence can be performed by a simple peak detector. More recent designs find it preferable to use a discrete-time sequence detector in a sampled-amplitude read channel because, among other reasons, these systems compensate for intersymbol interference and are less susceptible to channel noise. Consequently, discrete-time sequence detectors increase the capacity, speed, and storage integrity of the storage system.
There are several well known discrete-time sequence detection methods including discrete-time pulse detection (DPD), decision-feedback equalization (DFE), partial response (PR) with Viterbi detection, maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD), enhanced decision-feedback equalization (EDFE), as well as numerous others.
In a conventional peak-detection read channel, analog circuitry detects peaks in the continuous-time analog read signal generated by the read head. The analog read signal is "segmented" into bit cell periods and interpreted during these segments of time. A peak detected during a bit cell period may represent a binary "1" bit, whereas the absence of a peak may represent a binary "0" bit. Errors in detection occur when the bit cells are not correctly aligned with the analog pulse data. To this end, timing recovery in the read channel adjusts the bit cell periods so that the peaks occur in the center of the bit cells on average in order to minimize detection errors. Since timing information is derived only when peaks are detected, the input data stream is normally run-length limited (RLL) to limit the number of consecutive "0" bits.
One of the commonly used pieces of analog circuitry that detects the data in the continuous-time analog read signal generated by the read head is a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter. The FIR filter modifies (or filters) the original analog wave signal so that digital data can be more easily and accurately extrapolated from it. By developing better FIR filtering techniques, data reading devices can operate more quickly, at a higher frequency, and/or have increased data integrity and data reliability.
Sampled-amplitude detection such as that performed by a FIR filter requires timing recovery in order to correctly extract the digital sequence, and therefore a timing-recovery circuit is also part of the analog circuitry used to read a data channel. Rather than process the continuous signal to align peaks to the center of bit cell periods as in peak-detection systems, sampled-amplitude systems synchronize the pulse samples to the frequency of the data transmission. In conventional sampled-amplitude read channels, timing recovery synchronizes a sampling clock by minimizing an error between the signal sample values and estimated sample values. A pulse detector determines the estimated sample values from the read-signal samples. Even in the presence of intersymbol interference the sample values can be estimated and, together with the signal sample values, used to synchronize the sampling of the analog pulses in a decision-directed feedback system.
Therefore, in addition to creating better FIR filters, new techniques and circuits in timing recovery can be used to help create data storage devices with higher capacity, increased accuracy, and lower cost.
A standard use of a FIR filter according to the prior art is shown in FIG. 1. In that figure, a data system 10 is shown. The data system 10 can be a component part of any device that uses a receiver 20 including a FIR filter, such as those described above. The data system 10 includes a transmitter response and transmission channel 12, that sends an impulse response l(t) that the receiver 20 receives as an input signal s(t). Within the receiver 20 is a filter 22, such as a low pass filter, a FIR filter 24, and a timer-recovery circuit 26. The output of the FIR filter 24 is provided to the timing-recovery circuit 26, which, when used in conjunction with the FIR filter 24, is used to create an output signal r(tk). It is the goal of the output signal to be identical to a target response h(t), which is the expected readback signal shape used by the receiver 20 to estimate the patterns on the surface of the disk. The signals s(t) and r(tk) are defined by the following equations:
                              s                                (            t            )                          =                              ∑                          k              =                              -                ∞                                      ∞                                                                        a                k                            ·              1                                                  (                              t                -                                  k                                                                                T                                            )                                                          (        1        )                                          r                                (                          t              k                        )                          =                              ∑                          m              =                              -                ∞                                      ∞                                                        a              m                        ·                          h                                            (                                                      t                    k                                    -                                      m                                                                                T                                                  )                                                                        (        2        )            where tk=kT+φT . . . 0≦φ<1
One type of timer recovery circuit 26 is called an Interpolated Timing Recovery (ITR) circuit. These circuits stem from reconstruction criteria of a sampled signal s(t). A continuous-time waveform signal can be recovered without information loss from its samples provided that the Nyquist sampling criterion is met. This criterion is met when a waveform is sampled at a rate at least twice its highest frequency.
To reconstruct the signal provided to the FIR filter, the following reconstruction formula is used:
                              s                                (            t            )                          =                              ∑                          n              =                              -                ∞                                      ∞                                                                        s                                                  (                                      n                                                                                T                      S                                                        )                                            ·              sin                                                                                c                                            (                                  t                  -                                      n                                                                                T                      S                                                                      )                                                                        (        3        )            where sin c(t)=sin(πt)/πt
Through filtering the incoming samples through a finite-length approximation of the sin c function, the correct phase of the signal s(t) can be recovered. The mean-squares optimization of the interpolating filter gk yields:
                                                                                min                                                              ∫                                                                        -                          1                                                /                        2                                                                    1                        /                        2                                                                                                                                                              ∑                                          k                      =                                              -                        L                                                              L                                                                                g                      k                                        ·                                          ⅇ                                                                        -                          ⅈ2π                                                                                k                                                                                f                                                                                -                              ⅇ                                                      -                    ⅈ                                                                                φ                                                                          2                                  ⅆ          f                                    (        4        )            where gk=sin c(k−φ)
FIG. 2A shows an example diagram of a filtering circuit 30 including a combination of a FIR filter and a ITR circuit known in the prior art. A FIR filter 24 couples to the ITR circuit 26, similar to that shown in FIG. 1. The ITR circuit 26 includes N phase shifters (individually labeled 28-1, 28-2, . . . 28-N), or filter tap sets to shift the input signal received from the FIR filter 24. Each phase shifter 28 is operable during a different time period of a sampling period. The number N of different phase shifters 28 in the ITR 26 is determined as the set number of intervals of the sampling period. This number is chosen as a trade-off between system performance and implementation complexity. The ITR circuit 26 includes a multiplexer MUX that provides the shifted input signal from a selected one of the phase shifters 28 to thereby provide the output of the ITR circuit.
The output of the ITR 26 is the output of the filtering circuit 30. This output is fed-back into a timing controller 32 that generates two timing signals, which are coupled to the ITR 26 and a Filter Coefficient Adaptation unit (FCA) 34. The FCA 34 provides FIR filter coefficient updates. When enabled, the FCA 34 provides estimated updated FIR filter coefficients, based on an internal adaptation algorithm. The FCA 34 is enabled based on the state of an enable signal generated by the timing controller 32. Additionally, the timing controller 32 generates a signal to control a selection of the proper interpolating phase (Tau).
In operation, the data-read-channel signal is received by the FIR filter 24 and passes it to the ITR 26. In each sampling period, the timing controller 32 selects the appropriate sampling phase among the N available. At each sampling period, only one phase out of N is selected.
The FCA 34 operates only when the first phase shifter 28-1 is active in the ITR 26. The reason for this is that the adaptation rate for the FIR filter (performed by the FCA 34) and the selection process of the ITR phase shifters 28 (performed by the timing controller 32) need to occur at very different rates. The selection of ITR phase shifters must be achieved quickly to keep up with relatively large sampling jitters, but the FIR convergence is achieved on a PR system over a time span of thousands of samples. Because there is only a predefined subset of ITR responses, one for each phase connection quantization, there is no problem for ITR stability. To guarantee adaptation convergence for the FIR filter leads to much slower updating.
In present systems, the FIR-coefficient adaptation is updated only over a subset of sampling phases. The easiest phase to perform the adaptation is when the first phase shifter 28-1 is in operation, or stated otherwise, when the interpolating phase φ is "close" to zero. In this phase, the FIR filter 24 does not need to compensate for any fixed group delay, which in turn means that the FIR filter can be of minimal length. However, this means that there is no possibility to compensate any further spectrum distortion due to the finite length of the ITR 26.
FIG. 2B shows a graph of a sampling period divided into 360°. The phase shifters 28 from FIG. 2A are represented as square boxes, with the phase shifter 28-1 shaded, while the rest of the phase shifters are not shaded. The shading for the phase shifter 28-1 indicates that the FCA 34 updates the filter coefficients for the FIR filter 24 only during the time when the phase shifter 28-1 is active. In all of the other times of the sampling period, i.e. when the phase shifter 28-1 is inactive, no coefficients for the FIR filter 24 are being updated.
A standard way to dynamically adapt coefficients for a FIR filter system is to use a stochastic gradient method. FIG. 3 shows the feedback mechanism used in the adaptation. The FIR filter 24 has a set of coefficients {fk}. The signal output from the FIR filter 24 is passed to a FIR adaptation device 40, which could be the Filter Coefficient Adaptation unit 34 of FIG. 2A. The adaptation device 40 produces sample-level estimates, which are combined with the signal input to the FIR filter 24 to create updated coefficients that are passed to the FIR filter as updated coefficients. One method of adaptation of a FIR filter uses a stochastic gradient method as shown in Equation (5).
                              f                      k            ∈            S                                n                                                                          e                                                                          w                          =                              f                          k              ∈              S                                      o                                                                                l                                                                                d                                -                                    ɛ              ·              g                                                                                r                                                                          a                                                                                d                                            (                                  |                                                            o                                                                                u                                                                                t                        n                                                              -                                          1                      n                                                                                |                    2                                                  )                                                                        (        5        )            under the constraints: S={−L, . . . , −1, 2, . . . , L}; {f0}=1; {f1}=constant.
This or similar criteria avoid convergence to the trivial solution with all zero values for the FIR taps.
One technical problem not solved by the prior art is how to jointly optimize, in a Partial-Response-channel filtering system, both the equalizer and timing-interpolation filters.

Equalization and interpolated timing recovery for a partial response channel


A server comprises a first motherboard module. The first motherboard module comprises a first motherboard, a first CPU, at least one first memory module, a chipset, input/output units, a BIOS unit and a first QPI connector. The first CPU is disposed on the first motherboard. The first memory module electrically couples with the first CPU. The chipset electrically couples with the first CPU. The input/output units electrically couple with the chipset. The BIOS unit electrically couples with the chipset. The first QPI connector electrically couples with the first CPU through a QPI bus. The first QPI connector is connected to a second motherboard module.

Following the rapid development of computer and Internet technology, the Internet has become the most important medium for users to access information. Because of the use of the Internet, Internet-related businesses must purchase many servers to provide services to users.
Typically, a motherboard of a server is designed having a single CPU or a number of CPUs. Although a motherboard having a number of CPUs can process a variety of procedures simultaneously, the cost of such a motherboard is high. Therefore, with cost considerations in mind, most companies generally purchase a motherboard with a single CPU. When the processing speed of the motherboard with a single CPU does not match users' requirements, such companies subsequently purchase a motherboard with a number of CPUs to match the new requirements. However, because of the incompatibility among different motherboards, the original motherboard with a single CPU has to be discarded, which is wasteful.

INVENTEC (PUDONG) TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION


Provided is a display apparatus, in which: among a red light emitting device, a green light emitting device, and a blue light emitting device, one or two of the organic light emitting devices include a metal translucent layer on a side closer to a second electrode with respect to a emission layer and a second reflection surface includes a surface of the metal translucent layer on a side of the emission layer; and the rest of the organic light emitting devices include a low-refractive index layer having a lower refractive index than the second electrode on the side closer to the second electrode with respect to the emission layer and the second reflection surface includes a surface of the low-refractive index layer on the side of the emission layer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a display apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
An organic electroluminescent(EL) display apparatus is a new type of flat panel display and formed from an array of organic light-emitting diode(OLED) devices. In general, an OLED device is comprised of an electrode serving as the anode, an electrode serving as the cathode and several thin organic layers sandwiched between these two electrodes. The organic layers include at least one emission layer containing more than one fluorescent or phosphorescent organic compound to emit light at each emission color. Applying voltage to the OLED device, holes and electrons are injected from the anode and the cathode, respectively, and form excitons in the emission layer. Then these excitons recombine and release their energy as emission of light.
In such an OLED device, it is proposed that emission efficiency be enhanced or chromaticity be adjusted using interference effects of light. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,541,130 proposes that a film thickness of an organic layer formed between an emission layer and a reflective electrode be adjusted to increase interference.
Also in Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 81, p. 3921 (2002), for example, a cavity structure, which is consisted of two reflection surface, is proposed to enhance light emission or adjust light emission chromaticity. One reflection surface is a reflective electrode and the other is an interface between a transparent electrode located on the side from which light is extracted and air.
Further, in Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 88, p. 073517 (2006) or the like, a cavity structure is proposed to enhance light emission or adjust light emission chromaticity between a metal translucent electrode located on the side from which light is extracted and a reflective electrode.
However, in the aforementioned technologies, the film thickness of an organic layer, a thickness of the transparent electrode or the like needs to be changed for each emission color, which leads to a problem in that a manufacturing process of the display apparatus becomes more complicated.


A hand held nail polish removal tool includes a housing having a main body connected by an elongated neck to a head. An abrasive member is removably attached to the head and the tool contains a motor or transducer for causing the abrasive member to move so that when the abrasive member is positioned against a finger or toe nail, the abrasive member will abrade away any polish on the nail. The polish removal process may be accelerated by applying a solvent to the abrasive member. This may be done by dipping that member in a solvent or by including a solvent in the member or by incorporating a solvent dispensing system in the housing which allows a solvent to be delivered via the head to the member's abrasive surface. Preferably, the tool is powered by a rechargeable battery in the housing. Various different abrasive cover members for attachment to the head are also disclosed.

This invention relates to a grooming device. It relates more particularly to a hand held tool for the removal of nail polish from finger and toe nails.
The removal of nail polish is a tedious task. The process usually involves wetting a pad or cotton swab with a volatile solvent and rubbing the coating repeatedly with the pad or swab until the polish is removed. The procedure is also fairly messy because the nail polish becomes soft and finds it way into crevices in the cuticle. Very often the solvent must be reapplied to the pad or swab and more than one swab must be used in order to remove the polish completely from the nail. This may take a good hour to completely clean a set of nails manually during which time one is exposed to the toxic fumes and annoying smell of the solvent.
There have been attempts to make the nail cleaning process more efficient. For example, there are devices that enable one to bathe all of the nails in a polish removing solution in order to facilitate the rubbing away of the polish. We are also aware of devices that brush the nails while they are immersed in a solvent in order to remove the polish. However, these devices take up space, they are prone to spilling, they require the use of an excessive amount of solvent and they are somewhat hazardous to use in confined spaces because of the toxic fumes given off by the solvent.
Also, when such devices are used to remove of polish from toe nails, some people find it difficult to bend down and scrub the softened polish from the toe nails.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A shelter system is disclosed which comprises three central elements. A rotatable barrier element provides protection from incoming ballistic threats. The barrier functions on the principle of detonating, absorbing, and deflecting incoming threats away from a designated area of the shelter. A protective envelope element utilizes a compartmentalized vessel, two containment components, and a strata of alternating compacted fill and interstitial plate layers; the strata is enclosed within the vessel and two containment components. The interstitial plates serve a dual role in providing a compaction surface in the fill method and layering for the mitigation of ballistic threats. The design of the vessel permits each vessel to be filled while positioned flat on the ground surface; once filled and sealed, multiple vessels may be re-positioned in vertical, horizontal, sloped, or spanning arrangements. An A-frame based structural element functions as the fulcrum for the rotatable barrier and as the mount for the envelope trays. The structural system has an option of fastening to the framing system of the standard conex container.

In combat, civil defense, civil unrest, border security and disaster related situations, there is often a need for a temporary shelter that can be rapidly deployed, assembled, and extracted. In these situations, the shelter must provide protection from enemy and/or environmental threats. In some instances it is advantageous that the shelter be delivered and extracted via helicopter. Contemporary military shelter practices are varied. Common shelter types include tent structures, plywood huts, purpose designed conex units and improvised shipping conex reuse. These shelter types do not typically provide protection from direct and indirect fire. In cases where protection is provided, conventional armored shelter types are comparatively heavy and expensive structures. These characteristics are not ideal for widespread use or for operations requiring rapid deployment and mobility; such operations have become the norm. Additionally, non-armored shelters are often reinforced with earth-fill protection. Gabions and/or sandbags are applied to the envelope of the shelter or they form offset barriers to prevent collateral damage between shelter units. High trajectory indirect fire is one of the more common threats faced by military bases during stability operations. Current earth-fill protection systems afford little to no protection against direct hits as these systems lack the internal structure to effectively span horizontal distances. Furthermore, the fill techniques are either machine reliant or are tedious when performed manually. A shelter system that reduces machine reliance and fill time, mitigates relevant threats, increases both the standardization of components and performance, improves livability, is modular, reusable, upgradeable, and heli-deployable and does so at a comparatively minimal cost would be well suited for a variety of roles in combat, civil defense, civil unrest, border security and disaster related scenarios.


An anchor adapted for being embedded within a concrete sandwich panel to facilitate lifting thereof is disclosed. The anchor includes a neck supporting a head adapted for mating with a conventional lifting assembly. The neck is supported on a body portion adapted for being at least partially embedded within the sandwich panel. The body portion includes a pair of opposing wings extending radially outwardly from a central axis wherein each wing includes an inner portion adapted to be embedded within a wythe of insulation and an outer portion adapted to be embedded within a wythe of concrete.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the fabrication and handling of precast concrete panels. More particularly, the invention is directed to anchors designed to be embedded in concrete sandwich panels when the panels are formed.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Precast concrete construction includes the plant prefabrication of concrete wall panels. Tilt-up construction is a job-site form of precast concrete construction involving the prefabrication of concrete wall panels on either a building floor slab or a temporary casting slab. Anchors are commonly used in both plant and job-site concrete wall panel fabrication, whereby lifting hardware is used to grasp an anchor embedded in each concrete panel and lift the panel from horizontal to a vertical position. The panel is then carried by a mobile crane to its final position where it is temporarily braced until tied into a roof and floor system to become an integral part of the completed structure.
One type of panel finding increasing use in tilt-up construction is the concrete sandwich panel, a composite panel of two relatively thin outer concrete wythes or layers and an inner insulation wythe or layer located between the concrete wythes. The placement of the insulation between the two concrete wythes protects the insulation from damage and reduces both the construction and maintenance costs of the completed structure.
A disadvantage of conventional anchors is that they are not suitable for use in concrete sandwich panels, since such prior art anchors cannot be properly retained within the insulation layer, resulting in the dangerous condition of the anchor being pulled from the sandwich panel upon lifting. Further, placement of prior art anchors within the concrete of the sandwich panel typically results in the spalling or fracturing of the relatively thin concrete wythes.
Accordingly, there is a need for an anchor which is adapted for use with a concrete sandwich panel. More particularly, there is a need for an anchor which is adapted for being securely retained within a concrete sandwich panel to facilitate lifting thereof without damaging the outer concrete wythes.


A method and an apparatus for processing an image are provided. The method may include: acquiring a set of image sequences, the set of image sequences including a plurality of image sequence subsets divided according to similarity measurements between image sequences, each image sequence subset including a basic image sequence and other image sequence, wherein a first similarity measurement corresponding to the basic image sequence is greater than or equal to a first similarity measurement corresponding to the other image sequence; creating an original three-dimensional model using the basic image sequence; and creating a final three-dimensional model using the other image sequence based on the original three-dimensional model.

In the field of automatic-driving, particularly in autonomous parking or cruising scenes such as in parking lots or residential roads, it is desirable to reconstruct and fuse a three-dimensional model for these scenes based on driving record images acquired, for example, by a vehicle or other device for acquiring these images. However, since the amount of data of the driving record images is usually very large, reconstruction and fusion of the three-dimensional model may involve a large amount of computation and occupy a large amount of system resources. In addition, as the amount of data of the driving record images is further increased, the amount of computation and occupied system resource for reconstructing and fusing the three-dimensional model are increased at an exponential level, which not only imposes a great computational burden on, for example, the reconstruction and fusion of the three-dimensional model that can be performed by the cloud, but also consumes a large amount of time, thereby affecting the reconstruction and fusion efficiency of the three-dimensional model and reducing the user's experience.

Method and apparatus for image processing and computer storage medium

Beijing Baidu Netcom Science and Technology Co., Ltd.