A connector includes: a housing, which includes a hole portion extending forward from an insertion slot into which an object is to be inserted; a plurality of terminals, which are arranged in the hole portion; a conductive shell, which is configured to at least partially cover the housing; a grounding spring pieces, which are electrically connected to the conductive shell, and is formed at a position apart from a terminal group toward a right side or a left side so that the grounding spring pieces are brought into contact with a grounding pad of the object; and a partition wall, which extends between the terminal group and the grounding spring pieces along a front-and-rear direction, and is configured to partition the terminal group and the grounding spring pieces.

For example, a connector 1 described in JP 2005-129490 A (Patent Literature 1) includes a metallic shell 2, a connector body 3, and a large number of signal line contacts 5. The metallic shell 2 described in Patent Literature 1 functions to shield against electromagnetic waves, and integrally includes a pair of grounding contacts 24a and 24b that correspond to grounding pads of a flexible printed circuit (FPC) 10.
In the connector 1 described in Patent Literature 1, as is apparent from FIG. 1(a) being a plan view of the connector 1 and from FIG. 1(b) being a perspective view of the connector 1, the plurality of signal line contacts 5 are arrayed in a right-and-left direction. As is clearly apparent from FIG. 1(a), in top view, the grounding contacts 24a and 24b are formed apart from the plurality of signal line contacts 5 on right and left sides of the plurality of signal line contacts 5.
That is, in top view of the connector 1 described in Patent Literature 1, the right grounding contact 24a is formed apart with a certain distance on the right side of the rightmost signal line contacts 5. Similarly, the left grounding contact 24b is formed apart with a certain distance on the left side of the leftmost signal line contacts 5.

Japan Aviation Electronics Industry, Limited


The disclosure is directed to a method and a device for delaying an electrical signal, the method and device being useable in various signal processing applications. A buried channel is formed by disposing a portion of a layer of piezoelectric semiconductor material between confining layers. A surface acoustic wave is established in the piezoelectric semiconductor material. Majority carriers are depleted from the channel, and an electrical signal is injected into the channel. A delayed version of the electrical signal, which had been carried along by the surface acoustic wave, can then be extracted from the channel.

This invention relates to electronic semiconductor devices and, more particularly, to an acoustic charge transport technique and delay device that is compatible with integrated circuit technology and which has applications including filtering, convolution, correlation, and other signal processing functions which employ delay elements. The device hereof also has application as an analog register and a video signal generator.
Surface acoustic wave ("SAW") devices have been developed to provide reasonably low cost and power-efficient devices for use as delay lines and filters, and in other signal processing applications. However, a difficulty with "SAW" devices is that they are generally implemented on dielectric substrates that tend to be incompatible with existing integrated circuit technology. This makes it difficult to combine the gain and control capability of integrated circuit semiconductor technology with the high computational speed of "SAW" devices to get cost-effective monolithic signal processors.
Devices which are generally compatible with integrated circuit technology, and which are useful in the above-mentioned types of applications are charge-coupled devices ("CCD"). CCD's are being developed on different types of substrates including silicon and gallium arsenide, and great advances have been made in CCD technology in recent years. However, CCD's require a large number of closely spaced gates and associated connections, along with clock driver circuitry. Operation of CCD's at high speeds remains difficult.
It has been previously recognized that "SAW" devices could be used in conjunction with silicon wafers to obtain travelling potential wells in the silicon, and that signal charge could be injected into the potential wells. However such devices can exhibit charge transport inefficiency due to carriers being dragged along a surface and surface states trapping some of the carriers as they go by.
It is among the objects of this invention to provide an improved charge transport device and technique that is compatible with integrated circuit technology and exhibits good charge transport efficiency.

Acoustic charge transport device and method


The apparatus and method for contiguous valve control. This involves the inputting of data for each of a series of valves then comparing that digital valve activation data in a one and one correspondence to the digital valve activation data that was inputted to that same series of valves in the previous machine cycle. If a particular valve was turned on in the previous machine cycle, then this valve will not be applied with voltage for a percentage of the valve's machine cycle time. There is a first circuit for generating a first voltage pulse of a first period of time, a second circuit for generating a second voltage pulse, a third circuit for generating a third voltage pulse, a fourth circuit for generating a fourth voltage pulse for a second period of time, a fifth circuit, coupled to the second circuit, third circuit, and fourth circuit for generating a fifth voltage pulse for said second period of time when the second voltage pulse and the third voltage pulse and the fourth voltage pulse are present, and the first circuit and the fifth circuit are coupled to a valve drive circuit for activating said valve for a first period of time with said first voltage pulse and deactivating said valve for a second period of time during said first period of time with said fifth voltage pulse.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for contiguous valve control. Typically, the time required to activate a valve is known as firing time. Firing time typically comprises of a portion of a machine cycle. Machine cycle is defined as the amount of time which is required for an electrical device such as a valve to perform its intended function. Typically, there is usually a small amount of dead time between firing times to allow the valves to turn off. In a contiguous valve system, there is no dead time between firing time cycles with the firing time equivalent to the machine cycle. With systems of this type, valves must be turned on and off in accordance with pattern data.
A major problem with this system is that some valves may already be activated so that the excess energy is dissipated in the valves that are already activated in the form of heat. This not only wastes energy but can cause serious damage to the valves.
The present invention solves this problem in a manner not disclosed in known prior art.

Method and apparatus for contiguous valve control


A sheet feeder is provided that includes a driving roller, a driven roller configured to rotate in accordance with rotation of the driving roller and feed a sheet while pinching the sheet with the driving roller, an elastic shaft inserted through the driven roller and configured to rotatably support the driven roller, the elastic shaft including a protrusion formed on at least one end of the elastic shaft in an axial direction of the elastic shaft, the protrusion protruding outward in a radial direction of the driven roller, and two recess-shaped bearings configured to support two end portions of the elastic shaft in the axial direction, respectively, at least one of the bearings including a contact surface configured to contact the protrusion when the elastic shaft is supported by the bearings.

1. Technical Field
The following description relates to one or more techniques for a sheet feeder that includes a driving roller and a driven roller configured to rotate in accordance with rotation of the driving roller and feed a sheet while pinching the sheet with the driving roller.
2. Related Art
A sheet feeding mechanism has been known in which a driven roller is rotatably supported by an elastic shaft such as a contact coil spring, and is pressed against a driving roller. Further, a different sheet feeding mechanism has been known in which hooks are provided at two ends of a coil spring as an elastic shaft, and a driven roller is attached to a supporting body with the hooks of the coil spring being hung on pins provided at the supporting body.


A stator including a stator core formed in a ring shape is manufactured as follows; previously preparing an original core body provided with a belt-shaped part in a straight line shape structured of multiple outer peripheral parts and multiple salient pole parts, forming a recessed part on each of outer side faces of first outer peripheral parts disposed on both end sides of the belt-shaped part at a position between the salient pole part connected with the first outer peripheral part and an end part in the longitudinal direction of the belt-shaped part; and a bending step in which the original core body is successively pressed and bent from a center of the belt-shaped part toward both end sides.

Conventionally, a motor has been known which includes a rotor and a stator in a cylindrical tube shape which is disposed on an outer peripheral side of the rotor (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-57211). In the motor described in the Patent Literature, a stator includes a stator core and a drive coil which is wound around a teeth part of a stator core through an insulator. The stator core is formed by combining a plurality of split cores which are divided in a circumferential direction of the stator. The split core is provided with an outer side yoke part connected with an outer side end of a tooth part in a radial direction of the stator. Further, the Patent Literature describes that the stator core may also utilize a so-called curling core which is structured so that a belt-shaped core in which outer side yoke parts are connected with each other is bent in a circular ring shape and its end parts are connected with each other.
The curling core is, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, formed by using an original core body 105 provided with a belt-shaped portion 103 in a straight line shape, which is structured of a plurality of outer side yoke parts 102 connected with each other through connecting parts 101, and teeth parts (salient pole parts) 104 which are protruded in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the belt-shaped portion 103 from each of the plurality of the outer side yoke parts 102. Further, the curling core is structured by successively bending the belt-shaped portion 103 at the connecting parts 101, for example, in the order shown in FIGS. 8A through 8C and by connecting both ends of the belt-shaped portion 103 with each other so that the belt-shaped portion 103 is set in a circular ring shape and that the salient pole parts 104 are protruded to an inner side in a radial direction.
In the motor described in the Patent Literature, a tip end face of the salient pole part 104 (inner side face in a radial direction of the stator) is formed in a curved face shape which is a circular arc shape when viewed in an axial direction of the stator. The tip end faces of the salient pole parts 104 are disposed in a design on an imaginary circle "VC10" with the axial center "C10" of the stator as a center when viewed in the axial direction of the stator so that air gaps (gap space in a radial direction between a rotor and the stator) are constant in a circumferential direction of the stator.
In a case that the belt-shaped portion 103 is successively bent in the order shown in FIGS. 8A through 8C, the connecting part 101 which is first bent from a state shown in FIG. 7 to a state shown in FIG. 8A is also acted with a force in a bending direction when the belt-shaped portion 103 is secondly bent from the state shown in FIG. 8A to a state shown in FIG. 8B and, even when the belt-shaped portion 103 is thirdly bent from the state shown in FIG. 8B to a state shown in FIG. 8C. In other words, a force in a bending direction is acted two times on the first bent connecting part 101 after having been bent.
Further, the connecting parts 101 which are secondly bent are also acted with a force in a bending direction when the belt-shaped portion 103 is thirdly bent from the state shown in FIG. 8B to the state shown in FIG. 8C. In other words, a force in a bending direction is acted once on the second bent connecting parts 101 after having been bent. On the other hand, the connecting parts 101 which are bent thirdly are not acted with a force in a bending direction after having been bent.
According to examinations of the present inventors, the present inventors have found that, for example, in a case that the number of the salient pole parts 104 is small like a case that the number of the salient pole parts 104 is six, when the belt-shaped portion 103 is successively bent as shown in FIGS. 8A through 8C, tip end faces of the salient pole parts 104A connected with two outer side yoke parts 102A disposed at both ends of the belt-shaped portion 103 in the original core body 105 are largely displaced from the imaginary circle "VC10" when viewed in the axial direction of the stator.
In other words, the present inventors have found that, in a case that the number of the salient pole parts 104 is small, when the belt-shaped portion 103 is successively bent as shown n FIGS. 8A through 8C, the circularity of a circle formed by the tip end faces of six salient pole parts 104 is deteriorated by the salient pole parts 104A when viewed in the axial direction of the stator. Specifically, the present inventors have found that, as shown in FIG. 9 which is an enlarged view of the "G" part in FIG. 8C, when viewed in the axial direction of the stator, the tip end faces of the salient pole parts 104A are largely displaced to an outer side in the radial direction from the imaginary circle "VC10" and the circularity of a circle formed by the tip end faces of six salient pole parts 104 is deteriorated by the salient pole parts 104A.

Stator and manufacturing method therefor


An incoming call relaying status identifying unit determines whether or not a call receiving request from an incoming call forwarding system is delivered through a preset forward source terminal apparatus based on incoming call relaying status identifying information included in the call receiving request. Next, when a determination based on the incoming call relaying status identifying information brings about a positive result, a display unit displays information for a call-back including forward source terminal information representing the forward source terminal apparatus utilized for relaying the incoming call based on the incoming call relaying status identifying unit. This makes it possible for a user of a forward destination to recognize from which forward source the incoming call is forwarded.

A call forwarding service for forwarding an incoming call from a call originator terminal device to a forward destination terminal device via a forward source terminal device is well known.
According to the call forwarding service, the same user often possesses a plurality of forward source terminal devices used for relaying an incoming call.
In many cases, as explained above, the user having a plurality of forward source terminal devices makes a setting in such a way that all incoming calls to the plurality of forward source terminal devices are forwarded to the same forward destination terminal device. This allows one terminal device to collectively receive information from various forward sources.
In general, when one forward destination terminal device is attempted to collectively receive incoming calls from the plurality of forward source terminal devices, it is unclear which one of forward source terminal devices relays the incoming request from a certain call originator terminal device.
Accordingly, when the user of the forward destination terminal device views a history of received calls, and carelessly calls back (returns the call), various confusions may occur.
An example is that when the user of the forward destination terminal device makes public only a specific forward source terminal device to the outside, but desires to keep the forward destination terminal device in secret. In such a case, when a call-back is carelessly made as explained above, the presence of the forward destination terminal device is revealed to a user receiving the call-back.
On the other hand, the above-explained call-back is an incoming call from an unexpected terminal device (telephone number) for the user of the call originator terminal device. Accordingly, the user of the call originator terminal device receiving the call-back may regard that this incoming call is made from a suspicious individual, and may not answer the call.
In order to assist communication between users relating to such a call-back, there is proposed a technology which makes a setting in advance for an execution condition of requesting a call-back to display on the screen showing a history of received calls of the forward destination terminal device, when this execution condition is satisfied, a message for requesting a call-back to the call originator terminal device (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
According to the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, however, there is no particular consideration shown to the possibility that the above-explained confusion may occur at the time of making the call-back due to that fact that it is unclear which one of the forward source terminal devices for relaying the incoming call relays an incoming request from a certain call originator

Incoming call forwarding management server, call-back terminal apparatus, and incoming call forwarding system


An aircraft includes: a fairing which covers a lower part of a fuselage having a main landing gear bay (MLG bay), and defines a ventilation cavity communicating with the MLG bay between the fairing and the fuselage; and a heat removal system which removes heat generated from the MLG inside the MLG bay to the outside of the MLG bay by suctioning/discharging air through an inlet port and an outlet port leading from the ventilation cavity or the MLG bay to external air. The fairing defines a wheel opening through which a wheel of the MLG enters and exits, and defines a ventilation port, which functions as one of the inlet and outlet ports, between the fairing and an outer peripheral part of the wheel exposed from the wheel opening to the lower side of the MLG bay when the MLG is retracted.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a structure for protecting members which are present around a main landing gear of an aircraft when the main landing gear is retracted from heat propagating from the wheel, the brake, etc. of the main landing gear.
Description of the Related Art
The wheel, the brake, etc. of the main landing gear of an aircraft generate heat while in use. Particularly, the brake generates a large amount of frictional heat when braking the wheel of the airframe which is running at a high speed after landing.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2014-169070 proposes to install a device which forcibly cools a brake on a door covering the wheels of a retracted main landing gear.
The brake cooling device of the above disclosure includes an air handling assembly which suctions external air through an opening which penetrates the door covering the wheels, and an air delivery assembly which guides the external air to one surface side of a brake stack. This device causes a flow of air across the brake stack on the basis of a differential pressure occurring between the one surface side and the other surface side of the brake stack. Air having absorbed heat from the brake stack enters a cavity inside the air handling assembly, and is discharged into external air through an outlet port formed at the rear end of the air handling assembly.
Around the main landing gear retracted inside a main landing gear bay (main landing gear compartment) housing the main landing gear, there are members requiring protection from heat propagating from the main landing gear. One example is a structural member which separates the main landing gear bay and a pressurized section from each other. To prevent the structural member from exceeding its allowable temperature due to heat propagating from the main landing gear, one can conceive of increasing the distance between a heat generating part of the main landing gear and the structural member, or providing the structural member with a heat insulation material.
However, an extra space of the main landing gear bay required for the increased distance or the thickness of the heat insulation material adds to the size of the airframe. The weight and air resistance of the airframe increase accordingly.
The same is true for the brake cooling device of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2014-169070: the space required for installing the device in the main landing gear bay adds to the size of the airframe. In addition, the brake cooling device including the plurality of assemblies is heavy in weight on its own.
Therefore, under constraints on the space of the main landing gear bay into which the main landing gear is retracted and on the weight of the airframe, the present invention aims to provide a structure which can protect the members around the main landing gear from the heat generating part of the main landing gear.

Heat removal structure of aircraft main landing gear bay


A wireless power distribution system for military applications is disclosed. The system includes a wireless power transmitter coupled with a power source. The transmitter may form pockets of energy using controlled radio frequencies. Electrical equipment coupled with an electronic receiver may utilize pockets of energy formed by the transmitter to charge or power the electrical equipment. The transmitter coupled with a power source may be used in a fixed position or may be carried in a vehicle for portability.

In military situations, electrical energy becomes indispensable to support the front line and enable defense personnel to live, work, train and deploy at home and overseas or remote locations. Many electrical devices used on the field may require a source of power and thus, batteries are carried, and mobile power generators are transported and installed in remote locations. Power generators may include: mobile diesel generators, solar photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines or any source that serves as an electrical power source. Usually when a military expedition arrives in a new location, installation of a power distribution system is necessary, which usually involves complex, tedious and time consuming wired connections. Military camps or settlements may also be required to move from one location to another frequently, which may incur in continuously installing and uninstalling the power distribution system. Installing and uninstalling the power distribution system may be a tedious process.
When engaged in combat, soldiers may carry equipment such as radios, night vision goggles, rifle scopes and/or other military equipment that may require an electrical power source. Soldiers carry batteries as a power source for these devices; however, carrying batteries adds additional weight to the equipment each soldier carries and switching old used batteries for new ones under the stress of battle may be troubling and impractical in some situations.
Thus, a need exists for an electrical power source that addresses the aforementioned issues.

Secured wireless power distribution system


A method for erasing a non-volatile electrically erasable and programmable integrated circuit memory that is divided into N sectors selected separately by addressing circuits and the cells for each sector being selected by row and column addressing circuits wherein an erasure pulse is applied simultaneously to all the sectors. The checking of the erasure of each sector leads to the locking of the sector when no defect is detected. A new erasure pulse is applied only to the unlocked sectors and only the unlocked sectors are rechecked. Also, a circuit for locking sectors in order to implement the method is disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to microprocessors and, more particularly, to a method for erasing a semiconductor memory associated with a microprocessor as well as to the circuits for the implementation thereof.
This memory is of the electrically erasable and programmable read-only type, better known as a FLASH EEPROM type. Such a memory is designed for recording instructions of the programs that are used by the central processing unit of the microprocessor to carry out the sequence of operations on the information or data elements to be processed. As a result of this use, this memory is addressed usually for the reading therein of the information elements that it contains, with the recording of the information elements being done from time to time in order to change the instructions therein as a function of the programs to be implemented. This recording is preceded by an operation for the erasure of the memory in order to place all its memory cells in a determined binary state.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Such semiconductor memories have increasingly greater capacities that may possibly go up to 16-64 million memory cells (16 to 64 megabits) and are designed to replace magnetic memories on rotary disks. These memories have the following main advantages:
short access time for reading, PA1 no rotating mechanical parts, PA1 low supply voltage, PA1 low electrical consumption, PA1 increased reliability, and PA1 their manufacture is integrated with that of the microprocessor. PA1 (A) erasing the memory by the simultaneous application of a pulse to all the sectors; PA1 (B) checking, sector by sector, the erasure of each cell of the memory; PA1 (C) locking each sector for which the checking has not detected any unerased cell; PA1 (D) checking that all the sectors are locked, if the answer is positive, the erasing operation ends, if the answer is negative, it proceeds to the next step; PA1 (E) applying an erasure pulse to the unlocked sectors; PA1 (F) checking, sector after sector, the unlocked sectors; PA1 (G) returning to the step (C). PA1 a gate circuit on the supply circuit for the erasure of a sector to which the erasure pulse is applied; and PA1 a logic circuit for activating the closing or opening of the gate circuit depending on whether or not the sector is locked so that the sector is again erased only if said sector has at least one unerased cell.
In order to modify the information elements in these semiconductor memories, it is necessary, as indicated hereabove, to erase them in order to place all the memory cells in a determined binary state, namely 1 or 0.
This erasing operation consists not only in erasing the memory cells but also in subsequently ascertaining that the erasure has indeed resulted in the determined binary state. If the verification indicates that certain memory cells are not in the desired state, a second erasing operation is performed, followed by a second checking operation, and so forth. This may result in a very lengthy period of erasure, on the order of several seconds, for there may be several hundreds of erasure cycles. Furthermore, when the erasure cycles occur, a phenomenon of cell depletion occurs and the conduction threshold of the cells is lowered.
The present invention is aimed at implementing a method for the total erasure of a semiconductor memory that leads to a reduction of the total duration of the erasure operation.
Semiconductor memories of this type, for example 64-megabit memories, may be organized in 32 sectors, each having 512,000 memory cells. This enables the recording, in each sector, of 64,000 words having eight bits each.
In the standard type of erasing method, the erasure is done sector by sector and consists in applying an erasure pulse to a selected sector, then ascertaining that each cell of the selected sector has been erased and applying another erasure pulse to the selected sector as soon as a faulty cell has been detected. This procedure leads to an erasure time that may be lengthy.
The method of the invention consists in applying an erasure pulse simultaneously to all the sectors, then in verifying the erasure sector after sector, locking the sector for which the verification has been satisfactory, applying a new erasure pulse to the unlocked sectors and then checking these unlocked sectors. Thus, the successive erasure cycles are applied only to sectors having defects of erasure. In this way, the erasure is checked only for sectors for which the previous verification had revealed defects. This leads to an appreciable gain in time. Furthermore, the erasure itself relates only to sectors having erasure defects. This reduces the phenomenon of depletion of the cells.

Method for the erasure of a memory, and circuits for the implementation thereof


A remotely controlled motile device system comprises a remotely controlled motile device, and a mobile smart device that comprises a data processor operatively connected to a display screen, a memory, a user input interface, a camera, and a wireless transceiver. The memory stores computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the data processor, cause the mobile smart device to capture images of an optical reference background and the remotely controlled motile device, present the images on the display screen, register a target position relative to the optical reference background and entered via the user input interface, determine a pose of the remotely controlled motile device relative to the optical reference background, and transmit commands to the remotely controlled motile device to move to the target position.

Drones that are used recreationally are increasingly popular. However, there are several aspects of such devices that remain problematic. For example, it can be difficult to control the flight of a drone using the controls traditionally used for remote controlled vehicles today. It would be beneficial to provide new ways of controlling the flight of a drone that are easier to master than some current systems, particularly for novices. Such ways could be beneficial for remotely controlling the operation of other vehicles also.
It would also be beneficial to provide a means for determining the position of a drone or other vehicle, particularly when used with a new way for remotely controlling the operation of the vehicle.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Remotely controlled motile device system


A thermocouple arrangement for developing, evaluating, monitoring and adjusting any process performed on or otherwise so as to thermally affect a printed circuit board assembly or other electronic assembly (including bare circuit board or boards in the manufacturing process), such as soldering/desoldering and various other production, rework and repair processes including cleaning, fluxing, preheating, thermocompression bonding and spot welding. In accordance with various embodiments, a layer of a first conductor material is applied on a first surface of an electrically insulative support, while a second layer of a second, dissimilar, conductor material is applied to at least one other surface of the support using conventional printed circuit board construction techniques. At those locations where thermocouple junctions are required, holes are drilled through the conductor layers and support material, and then the two layers of conductor are electrically connected by a plating of the first conductor material through the through hole. The voltages produced by the thermocouples during a production/repair/rework operation on an emulated electronic assembly may be monitored and used to develop, modify or adjust the operation of thermally affecting processes thereon, train personnel or evaluate equipment. Numerous different processes can be evaluated involving different permutations of thermal mass configurations, heat source locations and types, and thermocouple locations.

The present invention relates to thermocouples which are used in conjunction with printed circuit boards for training personnel in soldering/desoldering of leads of circuit components to the printed circuit boards, as well as for conducting a quantitative analysis of the performance of repair, rework, and production equipment used for soldering/desoldering, cleaning, preheating, and spot-welding of components mounted to printed circuit boards. In particular, the invention relates to the formation of thermocouples for such purposes by standard printed circuit board construction techniques, as opposed to standard thermocouple construction techniques, as well as the manner in which they can be made and used to emulate or simulate a wide variety of circuit board types, layouts and assembly configurations.
In commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 4,224,744, circuitry for teaching soldering and a practice circuit board for use therewith are disclosed, wherein a training board having a plurality of terminals thereon and wherein a plurality of temperature sensing devices associated with the respective terminals are provided at each terminal where the soldering of a joint is attempted to monitor the performance of a trainee or other person whose repair skills are being evaluated. One form of temperature sensing means that is disclosed is the provision of thermocouples at each of a plurality of through holes formed in a printed circuit board. These thermocouples are comprised of a first conductor, such as electroless copper, that is plated through the holes so as to form pads or lands at each of opposite sides of the printed circuit board, and a metal foil or wire made of iron or constantan or some other dissimilar conductor metal from that of the plated through hole that is attached to one of the pads or lands of the plated through conductor, whereby a thermocouple junction is formed. For formation of these thermocouple junctions, the use of electrical arc, flame heating, soldering, swagging, welding, brazing, beading, or butt-welding techniques are disclosed. Furthermore, while this patent indicates that its disclosure is also applicable to desoldering, welding, etc., as well as to circuit connections other than those on a single or double-sided printed circuit board, such as multilayer boards, ceramic printed circuits, etc., and various terminations such as plated through holes, unsupported holes, funnelets, eyelets, standoffs, etc., no structures, techniques or applications are disclosed which are either directed to the emulation or simulation of a wide assortment of circuit board layouts, types and assembly configurations which vary by component type, substrate material, thermal characteristics and other factors, or to the application thereof to the development, evaluation, monitoring and adjustment of "thermally affecting" production, rework or repair processes and equipment used therefor, i.e., for soldering/desoldering, preheating, spot-welding, etc.
Commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 4,224,744 also discloses in detail the various factors which impact upon the ability to perform high quality rework and repair operations upon electronic assemblies, and this description is hereby incorporated by reference for the sake of brevity. These factors include not only the human factor, for which training to obtain the requisite skills and experience to enable the operator to observe the work and react appropriately in the manipulation of the soldering iron or other rework and repair device is the best insurance, but also includes other factors which are not operator dependent, such as the characteristics of the rework and repair device, e.g., a soldering iron for which its idle tip temperature, recovery rate, etc., and characteristics of the component and printed circuit board, such as temperature, thermal conductivity, specific heat, etc. As a result, for proper training and evaluation of personnel, it is desirable to be able to simulate as realistically as possible a wide range of circumstances an operator is likely to encounter. Also, even with the best of training, the potential exists for overheating the work, as a result of excessive dwell times or temperatures, so as to cause printed circuit board damage in the form of lifted pads, damage to plated through holes, or, in extreme cases, damage to the fiberglass laminate, etc., as a result of equipment related factors. Thus, it is also desirable to provide a means by which new equipment can be evaluated, particularly automatic equipment, through analysis of the temperature profile that, for example, a soldered joint is exposed to during, for example, a soldering/desoldering process.
The normal method of soldered joint inspection is visual. However, such a qualitative method of analysis is ineffective since the physical appearance of a soldered joint, after it has been made, gives no real indication of the maximum temperature that the joint achieved or how long it was maintained at that temperature. On the other hand, to obtain a quantitative analysis of the temperature conditions to which a joint is subjected, thermocouples have to be attached to the circuit pads and/or component leads, so that temperatures can be recorded utilizing a computer data logging system. However, attaching thermocouples to leads or pads, usually done by spot welding, is a difficult task, and if multiple joints are to be analyzed, the task becomes cumbersome and expensive as each thermocouple costs approximately $5.

Printed circuit thermocouple arrangements for personnel training and equipment evaluation purposes


The present invention is directed to a method of preventing or treating Alzheimer's Disease or of inhibiting accumulation of amyloid-β deposits in a subject by administering to the subject an agent which inhibits interaction between amyloid-β and proteins which chaperone amyloid-β under conditions effective to prevent or treat Alzheimer's Disease in the subject or to inhibit accumulation of amyloid-β deposits in the subject's brain, respectively. Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of inhibiting interaction between apolipoprotein E and amyloid-β by administering an agent which blocks interaction of apolipoprotein E and amyloid-β under conditions effect to block such interaction.

A disturbance of amyloid-β ("Aβ") homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease ("AD") leads to the accumulation of this peptide in the form of plaques in the brain (Selkoe, "The Origins of Alzheimer Disease: A is for Amyloid," JAMA 283:1615-1617 (2000)). Increased production of Aβ peptides or their inadequate clearance can lead to brain accumulation. It has been demonstrated that peptide homologues to Aβ form amyloid fibrils in solution if they reach a critical concentration (Barrow et al., "Solution Conformations and Aggregational Properties of Synthetic Amyloid Beta-Peptides of Alzheimer's Disease. Analysis of Circular Dichroism Spectra," J. Mol. Biol. 225:1075-1093 (1992)). This process can be effectively promoted by pathological chaperone proteins such as apolipoprotein E ("apoE"), especially its E4 isoform (Wisniewski et al., "Acceleration of Alzheimer's Fibril Formation by Apolipoprotein E in vitro," Am. J. Pathol. 145:1030-1035 (1994)), ∝1-antichymotrypsin ("ACT") (Ma et al., "Amyloid-associated Proteins Alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin and Apolipoprotein E Promote Assembly of Alzheimer Beta-protein into Filaments," Nature 372:92-94 (1994)), or C1q complement factor (Johnson et al., "The Alzheimer's A Beta-peptide is Deposited at Sites of Complement Activation in Pathologic Deposits Associated with Aging and Age-related Macular Degeneration," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 99:11830-11835 (2002)). They promote formation of Aβ fibrils, which remain sequestered within the brain and accumulate in the form of plaques (Castano et al., "Fibrillogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease of Amyloid Beta Peptides and Apolipoprotein E," Biochem. J. 306:599-604 (1995)). Inheritance of the apoE4 isoform has been identified as a major genetic risk factor for sporadic, late-onset AD (Schmechel et al., "Increased Amyloid Beta-peptide Deposition in Cerebral Cortex as a Consequence of Apolipoprotein E Genotype in Late-onset Alzheimer Disease," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 90:9649-9653 (1993)) and correlates with an earlier age of onset and greater Aβ deposition in an allele-dose-dependent manner (Schmechel et al., "Increased Amyloid Beta-peptide Deposition in Cerebral Cortex as a Consequence of Apolipoprotein E Genotype in Late-onset Alzheimer Disease," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 90:9649-9653 (1993); Rebeck et al., "Apolipoprotein E in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease: Allelic Variation and Receptor Interactions," Neuron 11:575-580 (1993)). ApoE is a 34-kDa glycosylated protein existing in three major isoforms: E2, E3, and E4, which differ in primary sequence at two residues. In vitro, all apoE isoforms can propagate the β-sheet content of Aβ peptides promoting fibril formation, with apoE4 being the most efficient (Wisniewski et al., "Acceleration of Alzheimer's Fibril Formation by Apolipoprotein E in vitro," Am. J. Pathol. 145:1030-1035 (1994); Ma et al., "Amyloid-associated Proteins Alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin and Apolipoprotein E Promote Assembly of Alzheimer Beta-protein into Filaments," Nature 372:92-94 (1994); Golabek et al., "The Interaction Between Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's Amyloid β-peptide is Dependent on β-peptide Conformation," J. Biol. Chem. 271:10602-10606 (1996)). The importance of apoE to Aβ deposition has also been confirmed in vivo. Crossing APPV717F AD transgenic ("Tg") mice onto an apoE knock out ("KO") background, resulted in a substantial reduction of the Aβ load and absence of fibrillar Aβ deposits (Bales et al., "Lack of Apolipoprotein E Dramatically Reduces Amyloid β-peptide Deposition," Nature Gen. 17:263-264 (1997)).
Approaches under development for treatment of AD focus on (1) inhibition of enzymes responsible for Aβ cleavage (i.e. Aβ secretases), (2) vaccination, and (3) β-sheet breakers (i.e. compound inhibiting Aβ fibrillogenesis by directly binding to Aβ) (Permanne et al., "Reduction of Amyloid Load and Cerebral Damage in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease by Treatment With a β-sheet Breaker Peptide," FASEB Journal (2002)). Currently, no treatment targeting the pathomechanism of AD and halting progression of the disease is available.
The present invention is directed to overcoming the deficiencies in existing methods of treating AD.

Treatment of Alzheimer amyloid deposition


An alumina substrate and method of making an alumina substrate using oxidation is provided. Generally, photoresist masks are used to protect selected areas of an aluminum layer. The unprotected or exposed areas of the aluminum layer are then oxidized during a photolithography process. The protected, unexposed areas of the aluminum layer retain their conductive properties while the oxidized areas are converted to alumina, or aluminum oxide, which is non-conductive. Accordingly, an alumina substrate having conductive areas of aluminum is formed. In one embodiment, the alumina substrate includes an alumina layer, one or more aluminum vias formed within the alumina layer, each of the one or more aluminum vias extending between the bottom of the alumina layer and the top of the alumina layer, wherein the one or more aluminum vias are integrally formed within the alumina layer.

Methods of forming a substrate carrier is presently know in the semiconductor field. One such conventional method involves forming holes into layers of a dielectric material using any desired method, such as drilling or a laser via process, and then plating the holes with a conductive material to form a conductive interconnection between the layers. Substrates formed using this process may be limited to only certain limited applications, such as those using non-flexible substrates. Also, the size of interconnections are limited by the hole forming and plating process. Additionally, plating processes can result in reliability problems and result in poor quality in the connections and transmissions of electrical signals.
Accordingly, there is a need for an alumina substrate and a method of making an alumina substrate that solves these and other shortcomings of know fabrication methods.

Alumina substrate and method of making an alumina substrate

Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd.


A display shelf which employs a support panel for attachment to one face of a transparent wall, a horizontally extending floor to support cylindrically shaped products adjacent the transparent wall; and a containment wall which extends upwardly from the floor and spaced horizontally from the transparent wall is provided with anchors which prevent rotation of the cylindrically shaped product. The containment wall cooperates with the floor to support and orient cylindrically shaped products vertically adjacent the supporting wall. Anchors extending from the containment wall toward the transparent wall urge the vertically oriented cylindrically shaped products against the transparent wall and prevent the products from rotating about their vertical axes.

This invention relates to display of cylindrically shaped products and product containers such as food and candy packages, bottles, cans, tubes and the like. More particularly, it relates to display racks or shelves adapted for mounting on a transparent wall to support the products on and display the products through the transparent wall.
Retail businesses commonly display chilled products on a shelf or rack mounted inside a refrigerated vault or other enclosed area which has a transparent door or wall panel. Because a passing customer is more likely to select and purchase products displayed where they can be readily seen and recognized, the retailer desires to maximize visibility of products on display and also to maximize utilization of space within the vault area.
Many products are essentially elongated cylinders or packaged in substantially cylindrically shaped containers such as bottles, tubes, cans and the like. To promote sales of such products, they should be arranged to permit unobstructed view of the displayed products as well as advertising and identification marks such as brands, logos or the like displayed on the product containers. When such products are suspended on the inside of a door or the like of a refrigerated compartment, they should also be arranged to permit unobstructed view of other products in the refrigerated compartment as well.
In accordance with the present invention a display shelf is provided which employs a vertically arranged support panel for mounting the shelf adjacent a transparent wall or the like. The support panel supports a floor which extends horizontally in a plane intersecting the vertical plane of the support panel. A containment wall spaced horizontally from the transparent wall defines a plurality of semi-circular or arcuate wall sections which cooperate with the floor to support and arrange cylindrically shaped products vertically adjacent the transparent wall. Anchors in the form of resilient tongues or bosses extend from the containment wall toward the transparent wall to urge the cylindrically shaped products toward and into firm contact with the transparent wall. The anchors secure the cylindrically shaped product firmly against the transparent wall to assure that the product is visible through the transparent wall and to prevent rotation of the product about its vertical axis. Preventing rotation of the cylindrical product about its vertical axis assures that product will remain in the position in which it is originally placed for display. Thus, when a product is arranged on the display shelf with a preferred display face visible through the transparent wall, the product will remain in its original position regardless of movement of the transparent wall or the removal or addition of other products from or to the shelf. Maintaining the displayed product firmly adjacent the transparent wall also improves visibility of the product through the transparent wall.


A power operated carpet stretcher comprising a frame having a bottom surface provided with prong members positioned and sized to grasp a carpet. A hook is slidably mounted on the frame to engage a slat fixed to the floor adjacent a wall edge. The hook is operatively connected to a power jack in such a manner that, upon actuation of the power jack, the frame is pulled toward the slat engaged by the hook thereby causing the carpet to be pulled by the prong members toward the adjacent wall edge. A method of installing a carpet with this stretcher is also disclosed.

1. Field of the invention
This invention relates to a power-operated carpet stretcher having prongs downwardly projecting therefrom to engage a carpet, and a hook slidably mounted thereon in such a manner as to engage a slat fixed to the floor adjacent a wall edge, the hook being drivable by a power jack to cause the stretcher, its prongs and the carpet to be pulled toward the wall edge when the jack is actuated.
2. Description of related art
Power-operated carpet stretchers are already known.
For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 4,361,311 dated Nov. 30, 1982 to KOROYASU et al., discloses a carpet stretcher having an electromagnetic coil installed in a body case, whereby upon energization of the electromagnetic coil, a plunger is advanced to strike the rear end of an engaging head with its front end.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,394,004, dated Jul. 19, 1983, to ALLEN et al., discloses a threadedly movable element to stretch a carpet.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,627,653 dated Dec. 9, 1986, to KOROYASU, discloses a carpet stretcher having a head with a number of prongs, a knee pad and an air cylinder. The air cylinder is used to absorb shocks and to transmit impacts made by the operator's knee to the carpet.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,730,858, dated Mar. 15,1988, TO HUMANN, discloses a manual tool for use to stretch a carpet.
Canadian patent 965,769, dated Apr. 8, 1975, granted to ROBERTS CONSOLIDATED INDUSTRIES INC., discloses a carpet stretcher including telescopic tubular members having at one end a plate wearing teeth to engage the carpet.
Canadian patent 998,993, dated Oct. 26, 1976, to ROBERTS CONSOLIDATED INDUSTRIES INC., disclosed another stretcher with a telescopic tube locking device.


A wing plow assembly may include a base configured for attachment to a vehicle; an upper arm rotatable about a first axis; a lower arm rotatable about a second axis; a lifting member rotatable about a third axis; a support pivotally attached to the upper arm and the lower arm; and an actuator pivotally attached to the base and the lifting member; wherein the actuator is configured for raising and lowering the support by engagement of the lifting member with the upper arm; wherein the lifting member is rotationally decoupled from the upper arm such that the upper arm is disengageable from the lifting member. At least one of the first axis and the second axis may be configured to be substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

In the field of snow plows in general, and wing plows in particular, it is a challenge to provide equipment that may thoroughly, consistently, and safely clear a roadway of snow. In particular, it is a challenge to provide good snow removal while avoiding a tendency of a snow plow to dig into or gouge a roadway due to uneven road surfaces. It would be a significant advancement in the art to provide a snow plow that may thoroughly, consistently, and safely clear a roadway of snow yet avoid digging into the roadway and potential damage associated with the same.


The object of the present invention is to improve the productivity of a permanent magnet and to manufacture it at a low cost by effectively coating Dy and Tb on a surface of the magnet of Fe—B-rare earth elements having a predetermined configuration. The permanent magnet of the present invention is manufactured by a coating step for coating Dy on the surface of the magnet of Fe—B-rare earth elements having a predetermined configuration and a diffusing step for diffusing Dy coated on the surface of the magnet into crystal grain boundary phases of the magnet with being heat treated at a predetermined temperature. In this case, the coating step comprises a first step for heating a process chamber used for carrying out the coating step and generating metallic vapor atmosphere within the process chamber by vaporizing vaporizable metallic material previously arranged within the process chamber, and a second step for introducing into the process chamber the magnet held at a temperature lower than that within the process chamber and then selectively depositing the vaporizable metallic material on a surface of the magnet by an effect of temperature difference between the temperature within the process chamber and that of the magnet by the magnet reaches a predetermined temperature.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to coating method and apparatus, a permanent magnet, and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly to a permanent magnet and a manufacturing method thereof in which the permanent magnet is manufactured by coating vaporizable metallic material including at least one of Dy and Tb on a surface of a magnet of Fe—B-rare earth elements, and then diffusing at least one of Dy and Tb into crystal grain boundary phases of a sintered magnet by heat treating the vaporizable metallic material at a predetermined temperature, as well as to coating method and apparatus suitable for coating vaporizable metallic material including at least one of Dy and Tb on the surface of the magnet.
2. Description of Background Art
A sintered magnet of Nd—Fe—B (a so-called "neodymium magnet") has been used in various products e.g. motors for a hybrid vehicle and generators etc. recently since the neodymium magnet can be made of combination of elements Fe, Nd and B which are cheap and sufficiently and stably obtainable resources and also has high magnetic properties (its maximum energy product is 10 times that of ferritic magnet). On the other hand the sintered magnet of Nd—Fe—B has a problem that it is demagnetized by heat when it is heated beyond its predetermined temperature since its Curie temperature is low such as 300° C.
Accordingly when manufacturing the sintered magnet of Nd—Fe—B, since Dy and Tb have the magnetic anisotropy of 4 f-electron larger than that of Nd and have the negative Stevens factor similarly to that of Nd, it can be appreciated to add Dy or Tb to remarkably improve the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the principal phase. However, since Dy and Tb take the ferrimagnetism structure in which Dy and Tb take a spin orientation opposite to that of Nd in the principal phase crystal lattice, it is caused a problem that the magnetic field strength, therefore the maximum energy product exhibiting the magnetic properties is greatly reduced.
For solving such a problem, it is proposed to firstly coat Dy or Tb on a whole surface of a sintered magnet of Nd—Fe—B having a predetermined configuration such as a rectangular parallelopiped at a predetermined coating thickness (thickness more than 3 μm determined based on a volume of the magnet) and then to uniformly diffusing Dy and Tb coated on the surface of the magnet into the crystal grain boundary phases of the magnet with carrying out heat treatment at a predetermined temperature (see non-patent document 1 mentioned below).
The permanent magnet manufactured according to this method has merits in that the coercive force generating mechanism of nucleation-type is reinforced by an effect that Dy and Tb diffused in the crystal grain boundary phases increase the magnetocrystalline anisotropy in each crystal grain surface and by the result of which the coercive force is remarkably improved almost without causing loss of the maximum energy product (for example, the non-patent document 1 discloses that it is possible to have a magnet having the coercive force of 23 K0e (3 MA/m) at the remanent magnetic flux density of 14.5 kG (1.45 T) and the maximum energy product of 50 MG0e (400 Kj/m3). When coating Dy or Tb on the surface of the sintered magnet of Nd—Fe—B, it can be appreciated to use the sputtering method that exhibits an excellent adhesion of Dy or Tb coating to a surface of sintered magnet.
Note: non-patent document 1; "Improvement of coercive on thin Nd2Fe14B sintered permanent magnets" (Park Ki Te, A doctor's thesis of Touhoku University, Mar. 23, 2000).

Coating method and apparatus, a permanent magnet, and manufacturing method thereof


A flashlight includes a battery. There is a helical spring at the base of the body. A light emitting element is mounted relative to the body. There is a switching element for opening and closing a circuit between the battery and the light emitting element. There are at least three elements for releasably securing the light to a support, each element permitting the body to be located with the support in a different manner. An electric circuit permits for periodic flashing of the light emitting element, LED.

This invention relates to a marker flashlight. In particular, it relates to a flashlight for portability and carriage on a being or a body in a manner which is not hand held.
Many flashlight configurations are known. Additionally, different flashlight configurations are known which can be clipped onto clothing or be used with an animal or pet. The various known flashlights are often not as simple to manufacture as desirable, nor as versatile as necessary for use on or with living beings or with inanimate objects.
The invention is directed to provide a flashlight which minimizes the disadvantages of known marker flashlights.


The invention provides a device module including a base, a plastic part, and an external connection. The plastic part is provided on the base. The device is provided on the base and embedded in the plastic part. The device is a sensor, an electronic device, or a circuit board. The external connection includes an embedded portion and a lead-out portion. The embedded portion is connected to the device, extends along the base, and is embedded in the plastic part. The lead-out portion is contiguous with the embedded portion and led out of the plastic part.

Technical Field
The invention relates to device modules and methods of manufacturing the device modules.
Background Art
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-126236 discloses a device module including a film, a plastic part provided on the film, a functional device embedded in the plastic part, and a transmission cable. The transmission cable has a first portion and a second portion excluding the first portion. The first portion is connected to the functional device and embedded in the plastic part together with the functional device. The second portion protrudes from the plastic part in the thickness direction of the plastic part.

Device module and method of manufacturing the same


Both a method and apparatus for separating zirconium isotopes by balanced ion migration in a counterflowing electrolyte are disclosed herein. In the method of the invention, zirconium chloride is dissolved in a solution of HCl, and a voltage of between 2 and 50 volts is applied across the electrolyte to create a flow of zirconium ions toward the cathode, and a counterflow of chlorine ions toward the anode which is balanced such that the lighter weight isotopes of zirconium migrate toward the cathode while the heavier weight zirconium isotopes stay in the vicinity of the anode. The apparatus of the invention includes a polarizing assembly formed from a bundle of small diameter glass tubes aligned between the anode and the cathode. The internal shape of the tubes impedes kinetic agitation movement of the zirconium ions in all directions except in the direction between the anode and the cathode, thereby expediting the separation process. Glass frits are used to partition off the electrolyte in the region of both the anode and the cathode so that the isotopes which eventually accumulate in these regions may be drawn off with a minimum of fluid agitation.

This invention generally relates to separation of isotopes, and is specifically concerned with a method and apparatus for separating zirconium isotopes by balanced ion migration in a counterflowing electrolyte.
The use of zirconium for forming containers or fuel rod cladding for nuclear fuels is well known in the prior art. Zirconium exists as a mixture of isotopes which include zirconium 90, zirconium 91, zirconium 92, zirconium 94 and zirconium 96. Of all these isotopes, zirconium 91 is the least desirable to use in such containers or fuel rod cladding since its relatively high thermal neutron cross section causes it to absorb thermal neutrons and thereby to impede the uranium fission reaction which is desirable in an operational fuel rod assembly. In naturally occurring zirconium, zirconium 91 constitutes only about 11% of the overall weight of the metal, the balance being constituted mostly by zirconium 90 (51.5%), zirconium 92 (17%), and zirconium 94 (17.5%). However, the thermal neutron cross section of zirconium 91 is 158 times more than zirconium 90, 6 times more than zirconium 92, 16 times more than zirconium 96 and 18 times that of zirconium 94 the 11% by weight component of zirconium 91 in naturally occurring zirconium counts for 73% of the total thermal neutron cross section of naturally occurring zirconium.
The fact that zirconium 91 accounts for almost three quarters of the entire thermal neutron cross section of naturally occurring zirconium has motivated the development of various isotopic separation techniques designed to get rid of or at least reduce the amount of zirconium 91 in naturally occurring zirconium. In one such technique, a compound of zirconium is vaporized and exposed to a pulse of light generated by a C0.sub.2 laser tuned to the vibrations of the bond between either zirconium 90 or 91 and the other constituent atoms joined to the zirconium. The tuned pulses of light causes these bonds to resonate and to break, thus liberating either zirconium 90 or zirconium 91, depending upon the frequency of the chosen frequency of the light.
While such laser-induced isotopic separation has proven to be effective for its intended purpose, it is unfortunately expensive, and capable of separating only relatively small amounts of zirconium isotopes at any given time. Hence it does not lend itself to a scaled-up, bulk-separation process that is capable of inexpensively providing the large quantities of zirconium 91-depleted zirconium needed every year for the fabrication of new fuel assemblies and fuel containers.
Other methods are known which employ electrolytic forces to separate isotopes of other elements, such as potassium. In this technique, ions of naturally occurring potassium are introduced into an electrolyte, which may be an aqueous solution of HCl. The electrolyte and dissolved zirconium ions are introduced into a column filled with an inert particulate material which provides a lengthened tortuous flow path for the zirconium ions to travel through, and an electric potential is applied across the column. The voltage of this potential attracts potassium ions and hydrogen ions toward the cathode, while simultaneously creating a counterflow of chlorine ions toward the anode. The voltage is strong enough so that sufficient electrolytic force is applied to the lighter potassium ions to cause a net migration of such ions toward the cathode, but yet is not so strong as to apply such a net migration movement of the heavier ions toward the cathode. Because potassium 41 ions are approximately 5% heavier than potassium 39 ions, they are not as mobile in the fluid medium of the electrolyte, and the electrolytic force applied to them by the cathode is insufficient to overcome the forces of kinetic agitation which causes them to move randomly about the electrolyte in Brownian fashion, and the counterflow of non-potassium negative ions flowing toward the anode gradually causes these heavier potassium ions to migrate toward the anode. Because of the balance between the flow of potassium 39 ions toward the cathode and counterflow of potassium 41 ions toward the anode, no net flow of potassium ions occurs in the electrolyte. Eventually, over a period of time, the region of the electrolyte in the vicinity of the cathode will become enriched in potassium 39, while the region of the electrolyte in the vicinity of the anode will become enriched in potassium 41.
Unfortunately, while the technique of separating isotopes by balanced ion migration has the potential of inexpensively separating bulk amounts of such isotopes, its effectiveness is highly dependent upon the relative weights of the isotopes being separated, as the differences in these weights affects the average velocity of the ions of a particular isotope in a liquid medium. Accordingly, while the approximately 5% difference in weight between potassium 39 and potassium 41 allows balanced ion migration to be practically and effectively used to separate isotopes of potassium, the only 1% difference in weight between atoms of zirconium 90 (which constitutes a little over 50% of all naturally occurring zirconium) and atoms of zirconium 91 significantly impairs the ability of prior art balanced ion migration techniques to effectively separate zirconium 91 from other isotopes of zirconium. Additionally, the effectiveness of such a balanced ion migration technique is easily impaired by the presence of any fluid mixing forces in the electrolyte which may occur from convective currents generated by heat radiated by either electrode, or fluid agitation generated by bubbles of electrolytically produced gases. Finally, such balanced ion migration techniques tend to be slow in effectively separating isotopes.
Clearly, there is a need for both a method and an apparatus for separating isotopes of zirconium which is capable of effectively separating relatively large quantities of zirconium atoms from zirconium 91 atoms. Ideally, such a technique should be fast in operation, so that commercially significant amounts of zirconium deleted in zirconium 91 can be produced for use in the claddings of fuel rods used in nuclear fuel assemblies. Finally, the apparatus used to implement the zirconium isotope separation should be simple and inexpensive in construction, and relatively easy to operate.

Apparatus and method for separating zirconium isotopes using balanced ion electromigration


A projecting part is formed on an inner circumferential wall surface of a nacelle so that the projecting part projects inward in a diametral direction and extends from a front edge of each of circumferentially-oriented side faces of a bottom pylon. The shape of the projecting part seen from an inner side of the diametral direction is a streamline shape extending in parallel with an engine shaft direction. An apex part at the center of the projecting part is positioned on a rear edge of the bottom pylon.

In recent years, various developments have been made for an engine duct that is an essential structural element of an aircraft engine. A conventional engine duct according to a related art will briefly be explained in connection with its structure and the like.
The conventional engine duct has a cylindrical core cowl (an engine inner cylinder). Formed inside (on the inner side of) the core cowl is an annular core passage that takes in air and discharges a core jet. Arranged outside the core cowl is a cylindrical nacelle (engine outer cylinder) that surrounds the core cowl. Formed between an inner circumferential wall surface of the nacelle and an outer circumferential wall surface of the core cowl is an annular bypass passage that takes in air and discharges a bypass jet. In addition, arranged between the outer circumferential wall surface of the core cowl and the inner circumferential wall surface of the nacelle are a plurality of struts that are arranged at intervals in a circumferential direction to serve as structural members to support the nacelle with respect to the core cowl.
From an upper part of the core cowl to an upper part of the nacelle, a top pylon is integrally connected to serve as a main pylon that extends in parallel with an engine shaft direction of the aircraft engine. The top pylon projects upward (toward an outer side of a diametral direction) from the nacelle and is used to attach the aircraft engine to the aircraft and to transmit an engine thrust thereto. Set between a lower part of the outer circumferential wall surface of the core cowl and a lower part of the inner circumferential wall surface of the nacelle is a bottom pylon serving as a sub-pylon, the bottom pylon and top pylon being symmetrically set with respect to an engine shaft center. The bottom pylon is positioned between the struts that are adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction and has a function of serving as a structural member to support the nacelle with respect to the core cowl, and in addition, a function of accommodating piping and the like. Arranged between the outer circumferential wall surface of the core cowl and the inner circumferential wall surface of the nacelle upstream from the struts are a plurality of fan outlet guide vanes that are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction to rectify the air taken into the bypass passage into an axial flow.
When the aircraft engine is started, air taken into the core passage is discharged as a core jet and air taken into the bypass passage is rectified into an axial flow and discharged as a bypass jet. This results in generating an engine thrust of the aircraft engine.
Related arts concerning the present invention include Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-151033 (Patent Literature 1) and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H05-202768 (Patent Literature 2).


A wireless-controlled power-saving apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus particularly includes a power-saving control strip and a wireless power-detection controller. The power-saving control strip has a master socket and at least one slave socket to be controlled. The strip further includes a receptacle for containing the wireless power-detection controller. More, the wireless power-detection controller connects to an external host for detecting the performance thereof. When the external host boots up, the wireless power-detection controller controls the slave socket to be powered. Or otherwise, when the external host shuts down, the wireless power-detection controller controls the slave socket to be disconnected. Thus the invention achieves the sockets mounted on the power-saving control strip to function a wireless master-slave-correlation operation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a wireless-controlled power-saving apparatus, and more particularly to the apparatus to be controlled remotely by means of a wireless communication technology.
2. Description of Related Art
Since people seriously consider how they use the appliances more convenient, safer and more economical, the extended power lines are often used. There are many kinds of the extended power lines with sockets sold on the market. The extended power line may be a line controlled by a single switch, a line having sockets being controlled by individual switches, or a wireless-controlled extended power line.
Reference is made to FIG. 1 showing an external schematic diagram of a single-switch extended line. This single-switch extended line 1 (the continuously-controlled type) has a plug 10, an extended line 12 and a body 14. The body 14 is disposing of multiple sockets 142 and a switch 144. The sockets 142 are controlled by the switch 144. When the switch is turned on, the alternating power is guided to the plug 10. After that, by way of the extended line 12 and turned-on switch 144, the power is delivered to each socket 142 for use of the appliances. As to the common users, it may not contribute its safety and power-saving by the single-switch extended line 1.
Recently a wireless means used to control the extended line develops on the market. The outward appearance of this wireless-controlled extended line is shown in FIG. 2. A receiver 30, which receives a control signal S1 sent remotely, is disposed in the extended line 3. A socket 32 disposed on the extended line 3 is controlled to be powered or disconnected by referring to the control signal S1. Thus the extended line 3 may control if the appliance connected to the socket 32 is supplied with power. However, this extended line 3 cannot achieve power-saving since it only controls whether the appliance is powered, but not controls a kind of the master-slave-correlation operation.


A MOS type semiconductor device comprising a plurality of second conductivity type channel regions having a predetermined impurity density selectively formed in the surface of a first conductivity type semiconductor layer. A channel in the semiconductor layer is formed between adjacent ones of the channel regions, and source regions of the first conductivity type are selectively formed in a surface of each one of the channel regions. A well region of the second conductivity type is formed with a predetermined depth in a middle portion of each one of the plurality of channel regions and has an impurity density higher than that of the channel regions. An insulating layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor layer, gate electrodes are formed on the insulating layer and overlaying the channel in the first conductivity type semiconductor layer, and a main electrode is formed in contact with at least one of the source region and the well region. A diffusion region of the second conductivity type is formed in the surface of the semiconductor layer with an impurity density greater than the impurity density of the well region and with a depth greater than the predetermined depth, and being ohmically connected with the main electrode.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to MOS type semiconductor devices in which a plurality of MOS structures are formed on one surface of a semiconductor substrate so that the current flowing between main electrodes are controlled by the channel current of respective MOS structures.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Typical of such MOS type semiconductor devices are the vertical power MOS-FET and the insulated gate type bipolar transistor (IGBT). FIG. 7 shows the structure of a conventional vertical power MOS-FET in which a high resistance n.sup.- drain region 1 is formed over an n.sup.+ drain contact layer 2. A plurality of p.sup.- channel diffusion regions 3 are formed on the surface of the high resistance drain region 1 with corresponding low resistance p.sup.+ well diffusion regions 4 in the middle thereof. On the surface of the respective channel diffusion regions 3 is formed a pair of n.sup.+ source regions 5. Each pair of n source regions 5 is separated by a predetermined distance. A gate electrode 7 of polysilicon crystal, for example, is formed on gate oxide layer 61 so that an n-channel is formed on the surface layer 31 of the drain of the channel diffusion region 3 between separated source regions 5. A source electrode 8 is formed in contact with p.sup.+ well region 4 and the source regions 5 via the gate electrode 7 and insulation layer 62 which is typically made of PSG. A drain electrode 9 is in contact with the drain contact layer 2. In an IGBT structure, a P layer is formed instead of, or under, the n.sup.+ layer 2.
Each of these MOS type semiconductor devices includes a parasitic pnp bipolar transistor constructed of the n.sup.+ source region 5, p.sup.- channel region 3, and n drain region 1. When an avalanche current flows into a pn junction between the p.sup.- channel region 3 and n.sup.- drain region 1 due to a reverse voltage impressed during a transient period, the above-mentioned parasitic transistor goes active and may cause damage to the MOS semiconductor device.
In order to avoid such damage, various methods of preventing the parasitic bipolar transistor from going active are used. These methods include increasing the diffusion depth of the p.sup.- well region 4 to help avalanche occur across a pn junction formed between p.sup.+ well region 4 and n.sup.- drain region 1. As a result, avalanche current through this pn junction is increased. However, the avalanche current through the p.sup.- channel region 3 as a base region of the parasitic bipolar transistor is correspondingly decreased. Improvement of avalanche-sustaining margin by deep diffusion of the p.sup.- well region 4 suffers from the problems that the sustaining voltage decreases and the ON resistance increases. Another method of inhibiting the parasitic bipolar transistor decreases the resistance of the p.sup.- channel region 3. However, any method of inhibiting the parasitic bipolar transistor is susceptible to limitations in the process used to construct the semiconductor device. The same is true for the IGBT and p channel MOS type semiconductor devices in which the conductivity types are reversed from those discussed above.

MOS type semiconductor device with means to prevent parasitic bipolar transistor


A stave cooler used for cooling a furnace wall of a metallurgical furnace such as a blast furnace, having a structure in which cooling pipes to cool a metal base are cast on the side opposite the furnace interior side of the metal base and a heat resistant steel plate having openings or a lamination of heat resistant steel plates having openings is cast, in a prescribed thickness, in the furnace interior side surface of the metal base. It is acceptable to form the lamination suitably into a rectangular parallelepiped and cast it, in a plurality, in the furnace interior side of the metal base. The wear rate of the furnace interior side surface of the stave cooler is small, and its structure prevents the heat resistant steel plate(s) from falling out by thermal expansion of the stave cooler proper or wearing locally.

This invention relates to a stave cooler used for, cooling a furnace body by being attached to a furnace wall of a metallurgical furnace such as a blast furnace, an electric arc furnace and the like.
A stave cooler used as a cooling unit of a furnace wall of a metallurgical furnace such as a blast furnace and the like, becomes worn or broken through protracted use. When a stave cooler sustains such wear or breakage, its cooling ability lowers and heat loads on furnace shells increase, the increased heat loads leading to the occurrence of cracks in the furnace shells.
Generally speaking, a stave cooler is constructed in a manner in which,as shown in FIG. 7, cooling pipes 2 are embedded by casting in base metal (usually nodular graphite cast iron) forming the stave cooler proper 1 on the side opposite the furnace interior side and refractory bricks 9 are cast integrally on the furnace interior side as refractory materials. The stave cooler is fixed to the interior surface of a furnace shell 7 and refractory bricks 8 are piled on the furnace interior side of the stave cooler with stamp material 12 in-between.
A stave cooler of different structure has been proposed, wherein, instead of piling the refractory bricks, refractory bricks 10 are cast in the stave cooler proper 1 on the furnace interior side in a manner where the bricks 10 are supported, row by row, between ribs 11 of the base metal as shown in FIGS. 8(a) and 8(b).
The refractory bricks cast in the furnace interior side of the stave cooler have to be excellent in resistance against wear caused by the flow of high temperature gas and dropping of the material inside the furnace and in heat insulation ability to prevent a decrease in thermal efficiency caused by heat transfer from the furnace interior. The stave cooler thus functions, thanks to cooling water flowing through the cooling pipes, to cool, besides the furnace wall, the base metal and/or the refractory bricks on the furnace interior side so as to maintain their strength in reducing the rate of wear of the base metal and/or the refractory bricks caused by dropping of the material in the furnace, even when wear is accelerated by an increase in the heat load in the furnace interior.
However, the structure of the stave cooler shown in FIG. 7, where refractory bricks are piled on the furnace interior side, is unstable because there are no structural members to support the refractory bricks and they are supported only by the bonding strength of the binder between them. For this reason, the stave cooler of this structure has a problem in that the refractory bricks can fall out, locally or over the entire surface, in a hot and abrasive environment such as that in a blast furnace, and the service life as a refractory structure is drastically reduced as a result.
In addition, using the structure of the stave cooler shown in FIGS. 8(a) and 8(b), in which structure the refractory bricks are embedded in the base metal by casting, the force supporting the refractory bricks is weak, since they are supported only by the base metal ribs with a cushioning material (ceramic felt, etc.) placed in-between for preventing the bricks from cracking during casting of the stave. For this reason, a stave cooler of this structure is prone to a problem in which the refractory bricks fall out or break as a result of the change in the gaps between the ribs caused by thermal expansion/shrinkage during furnace operation.
If the refractory bricks thus fall out or break in an early stage of use leaving the base metal ribs behind, the furnace interior surface becomes irregular and, as a result, the dropping of the material in the furnace becomes discontinuous and unstable.
In addition, in order to minimize heat flux from the furnace interior, refractory bricks having a good heat insulation ability are chosen. If the refractory bricks fall out in an early stage of use, even locally, the stave cooler cannot maintain its heat insulation ability for a long period and, adversely, the heat loss tends to be increased by the influence of the ribs left protruding towards the furnace interior after the bricks have fallen out.
To solving this problem, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H8-120313 discloses a structure of a stave cooler in which columnar bricks having a round or polygonal section shape are arranged on the furnace interior side of the stave cooler perpendicularly to the surface and not contacting each other so that each of the bricks is wrapped around on all sides by the base metal, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H5-320727 discloses another structure of a stave cooler in which refractory bricks, each positioned by a support anchor fitted into a tapered hole drilled through the brick near its center, are arranged in a zigzag pattern and embedded integrally in a base metal by casting.
However, when refractory bricks are arranged separately with a certain gap between them, each of them must be held to prevent from floating at casting and their positioning is difficult, and therefore, the manufacturing of the stave cooler requires a substantially long time.
The refractory bricks have also to be wrapped with a cushioning material such as ceramic felt or the like to prevent cracking resulting from heat shock during casting, but the work efficiency of the brick wrapping work piece by piece with the cushioning material is very. low.
In the structures described above, the chance of the refractory bricks falling out is small, since they are wrapped around by the base metal, but there still remains a possibility that they will crack or flake off as a result of thermal deformation of the stave cooler proper.
In addition to the above, Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Publication No. H6-47347 discloses two stave cooler structures: one using stainless steel blocks as a refractory material, dovetail grooves cut on the furnace interior side of the stave cooler proper, mortar applied inside the grooves to adjust gaps, and fitting and fixing of the stainless steel blocks having a tapered section shape into the grooves; and the other involving forming pits having a quadrilateral section shape on the furnace interior side of a stave cooler, fitting stainless steel blocks having a quadrilateral section shape into the pits and weld the furnace interior side surface of each block to the stave cooler proper.
In either case, however, the stainless steel blocks are fitted and fixed into the grooves or the pits of the stave cooler proper after its casting, and stainless steel blocks are heavier than bricks. For these reasons, the manufacturing work efficiency is very low.
Further, since stainless steel blocks having a tapered section are fitted in the dovetail grooves with mortar in-between for adjusting gaps, the strength of support for the blocks is weak and thus it is possible blocks will fall out owing to thermal deformation of the stave cooler proper.
Stainless steel blocks having a quadrilateral section, on the other hand, are supported only by the welding at the surface and thus it is possible the blocks will fall out like the tapered section stainless steel blocks, when the welded portions fracture due to the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the stainless steel and the nodular graphite cast iron of the base metal or when they are worn by the dropping of the material.
In addition, manufacturing of the blocks is costly when they are made from rolled stainless steel materials.
The object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide, more economically, a stave cooler having a long service life and capable of maintaining heat insulation ability and wear resistance for a long period.
Thus, the gist of the present invention is as follows:
(1) A stave cooler to cool a furnace body, having a structure in which cooling pipes to cool a base metal are cast on the side opposite the furnace interior side of the base metal, characterized by casting a heat resistant steel plate having openings or a lamination of heat resistant steel plates having openings in the furnace interior side of the base metal.
(2) A stave cooler to cool a furnace body according to the item (1), characterized in that the heat resistant steel plate(s) having openings is/are a latticed or slotted heat resistant steel plate(s).
(3) A stave cooler to cool a furnace body according to the item (1) or (2), characterized in that the thickness of the heat resistant steel plate or that of the lamination of the steel plates is 3 mm or more and ⅔ or less of the thickness of the stave cooler.
(4) A stave cooler to cool a furnace body according to the item (1), (2) or (3), characterized in that, in the lamination of the heat resistant steel plates, the positions of the openings of a heat resistant steel plate are different from those of an adjacent heat resistant steel plate.
(5) A stave cooler to cool a furnace body according to the item (1), (2), (3) or (4), characterized in that the net volume of the heat resistant steel plate(s) is 20 to 60% of its/their gross volume, namely the sum of the net volume of the heat resistant steel plate(s) and the volume of the space of the openings.
(6) A stave cooler to cool a furnace body according to the item (1), (2), (3)1, (4) or (5), characterized in that the minimum width of the openings of the heat resistant steel plate(s) having openings is 30 mm or more and 70 mm or less.
(7) A stave cooler to cool a furnace body according to the item (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) or (6), characterized in that the heat resistant steel plate(s) is/are austenitic or ferritic heat resistant steel plate(s).
(8) A stave cooler to cool a furnace body, having a structure in which cooling pipes to cool a base metal are cast on the side opposite the furnace interior side of the base metal, characterized by forming a latticed or slotted heat resistant steel plate having openings or a lamination of latticed or slotted heat resistant steel plates having openings into a rectangular parallelepiped, and casting it, in a plurality, in the furnace interior side of the base metal.
(9) A stave cooler to cool a furnace body according to the item (8), characterized in that the thickness of the rectangular parallelepiped is 3 mm or more and ⅔ or less of the thickness of the stave cooler.
(10) A stave cooler to cool a furnace body according to the item (8) or (9), characterized in that, in said rectangular parallelepiped, the positions of the openings of a heat resistant steel plate are different from those of an adjacent heat resistant steel plate.
(11) A stave cooler to cool a furnace body according to the item (8), (9) or (10), characterized in that the net volume of the rectangular parallelepiped is 20 to 60% of its gross volume, namely the sum of the net volume of the heat resistant steel plate(s) and the volume of the space of the openings.
(12) A stave cooler to cool a furnace body according to the item (8), (9), (10) or (11), characterized in that in the rectangular parallelepiped the minimum width of the openings is 30 mm or more and 70 mm or less.
(13) A stave cooler to cool a furnace body according to the item (8), (9), (10), (11) or (12), characterized in that the heat resistant steel plate(s) is/are austenitic or ferritic heat resistant steel plate(s).