One or more masses of bonded particles of diamond, cubic boron nitride (CBN), and wurtzite boron nitride (WBN) are sandwiched between or encapsulated by two masses of cemented carbide bonded to the particle masses. In the preferred embodiment, the particle masses are comprised of (1) at least 70% by volume of said particles, and (2) a metallic phase comprised of the cementing agent of the carbide mass. The composite compacts find utility in drill bit, mining tool and wear part applications.. A method for making such a composite compact comprises (1) placing within a reaction cell masses of abrasive particles and at least two carbide masses interleaved with the abrasive particle masses, (2) the masses are placed in the cell in such a manner to allow for the accommodation of pressure and (3) simultaneously subjecting the cell and the contents thereof to temperature and pressure conditions at which the particles are stable.. A method for abrading or cutting a workpiece with a composite compact comprises providing (1) a tubular carbide mass and a bonded mass of abrasive particles disposed in and bonded to the carbide mass in a central cavity thereof and (2) moving either the compact or workpiece relative to the other to provide the cutting or abrading action.

This application relates to composite compacts of diamond, cubic boron nitride (CBN) or wurtzite boron nitride (WBN) or mixtures thereof for use as a shaping, extruding, cutting, abrading or abrasion resistant material and particularly as a cutting element for rock drilling.
A cluster compact is defined as a cluster of abrasive particles bonded together either (1) in a self-bonded relationship, (2) by means of a bonding medium disposed between the crystals, or (3) by means of some combination of (1) and (2). Reference can be made to U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,136,615; 3,233,988 and 3,609,818 for a detailed disclosure of certain types of compacts and methods for making same. (The disclosures of these patents are hereby incorporated by reference herein.)
A composite compact is defined as a cluster compact bonded to a substrate material such as cemented tungsten carbide. A bond to the substrate can be formed either during or subsequent to the formation of the cluster compact. It is, however, highly preferable to form the bond at high temperatures and high pressures in the stable region of P, T phase diagram of the abrasive particle and comparable to those at which the cluster compact is formed. Reference can be made to U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,743,489; 3,745,623 and 3,767,371 for a detailed disclosure of certain types of composite compacts and methods for making same. (The disclosures of these patents are hereby incorporated by reference herein.)
It has been recently proposed to use synthetic diamond compacts (both cluster and composite) as the cutting elements in rotary drill bits. Such compacts are preferably made in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 3,745,623. The typical tool design has the abrasive table layer exposed.
One of the problems encountered in the use of the inventions disclosed and claimed in the two patents cross referenced above is that, while the bits provide aggressive cutting action and have abundant room for swarf removal between compact cutting elements, the stresses on each cutting element are severe and cause failures to occur. For example, the carbide pin on which a compact is fixed in certain embodiments may be broken. Also the compact itself is often fractured or cracked. The stresses are due to the fact that the structure of rocks encountered in rock drilling is heterogeneous and thus has layers of varying hardness. These layers cause large variation in the impact loads which are applied to the compact cutting elements during drilling.
Accordingly, it is a feature of this invention to provide an improved composite compact which has improved resistance to fracture for use as drill bits, mining tools, cutting tools and wear pads and improved methods for the manufacture of such compacts.
Another feature of the invention is to provide a composite compact for rock drilling applications which can be operated at faster penetration rates.
Another feature of the invention is to provide a composite compact with enhanced resistance to crack propagation.
Another feature of the invention is to provide an improved method for making a composite compact which has reduced diffusion distances for the transmission of a metallic phase from a cemented carbide mass into the particle mass. Further, this invention overcomes the problems encountered in the manufacture of composite compacts with multiple layers or encapsulation of the lack of adequate accommodation of various components during the HP/HT cycle, which resulted in poorly bonded compacts. This invention produces properly bonded compacts.

Composite compact of interleaved polycrystalline particles and cemented carbide masses


This invention proposes using a feed forward quasi universal converter for energy harvesters, and uses it to power IoTs (Internet of things). A typical DC to DC converter uses voltage feedback control or current feedback control. It is not easy for the input impedance to closely match the output impedance of the power source. In the meantime, it also meets its output voltage and power targets. The Feed forward Quasi Universal Converter proposed in this invention controls the input impedance and the output voltage/power within a range that meets the design targets. It is also achieved with a simple electronic adjustment when the source impedance changes or the output requirements change. It has the potential to shorten the IoTs system industry's product development cycle, reduce installation and maintenance costs and facilitate the adoption of hybrid energy sources.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a feed forward converter and method, more particularly to a feed forward converter and method that control the input impedance, output voltage and power of the DC/DC converter within a predetermined range.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the near future, in comparison with necessary energy harvester for IoTs power supply, replacing with battery or increasing AC power on objects connected to IoTs is relatively costly. Currently DC-to-DC converters are generally designed with voltage feedback control, or current feedback control. For these DC-to-DC converters, it is not easy for their input impedance to closely match that of several different types of energy harvesters (or to closely match the impedance of an energy harvester while environmental change is made), while the output power and the output voltage is obtained within the desired target range.
DC-to-DC converters are structurally complex, relatively costly, and relatively difficult for them to match the impedance for several different types of energy harvesters closely while also meeting the output voltage and output power requirements within the target range. Therefore, generally, the current practice is to satisfy the output voltage requirements, or to satisfy the specific requirements of the energy harvester in a particular environment.

Quasi universal feed forward DC to DC converter and method


An electronic device is provided, which includes a removable SIM, a secure memory configured to store at least one profile, a processor configured to select at least one of the removable SIM and the secure memory, to be used for packet data transmission and reception, in response to an occurrence of a data service change event, and a communication interface configured to perform network registration through the selected at least one of the removable SIM and the secure memory and to transmit and receive packet data through the registered network.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure relates generally to a method and an electronic apparatus for providing a data service, and more particularly, to a method and an electronic apparatus for performing network registration through a selected component and performing the data service through the registered network.
2. Description of Related Art
Unlike conventional removable cards such as subscriber identifier module (SIM) cards, universal subscriber identifier module (USIM) cards, and universal integrated circuit card (UICC), an embedded UICC (eUICC), or an embedded SIM (eSIM) is mounted in an electronic device in the form of a chip when the electronic device is manufactured, and may not be removed by a user. The eUICC or the eSIM may download a profile in an over the air (OTA) manner to allow a user to change an operator. Furthermore, one eUICC or eSIM may support a plurality of profiles.

Method and apparatus for performing network registration through a selected component for data service


A compact and lightweight filter assembly for mounting on electronic equipment enclosures which provides EMI shielding and passage of air to the enclosure.

Many shielded electronic equipment enclosures and housings provide internal ventilation, temperature control and ambient pressure equilibration by air circulation through them. Air passage into and out of the enclosures is through electromagnetic-radiation-shielding devices and air filters located in the enclosure vents. It is expected of these shielding devices and filters that they prevent, or reduce to acceptable levels, passage of electromagnetic radiation or interference (EMI); and that they also prevent passage of particulate materials to specified size levels, while minimizing impediments to flow of air through the enclosure.
Many devices and assemblies that provide effective EMI shielding are known in the art and are commercially available. Likewise, air filtration devices and assemblies are well known and available commercially. There are also commercially available devices and assemblies in which the functions of EMI shielding and air filtration are combined in a single unit. For the most part, however, these devices and assemblies suffer deficiencies in size, weight, and cost that are desirable to be overcome.
For example, metal honeycomb assemblies are very effective in shielding against EMI, however, they are quite bulky, ranging in thickness from about 1/2" to several inches depending on the electromagnetic radiation frequency range over which they are providing shielding. Furthermore, the honeycomb assemblies are usually arrays of open tubes that provide no barrier properties to passage of dust, dirt, or other particles through them and, consequently, require that separate filtration units be included in the equipment if prevention of passage of particles into the enclosure is important. This adds to the bulk, cost, and complexity of the system.
Devices and assemblies which combine EMI shielding and filtration functions generally consist of layers of metal wire screen or mesh fixed in mounting frames. The mounting frames are usually metal extrusions having complex shapes to which the metal wire screen or mesh are joined by crimping or other mechanical means, or by joining methods such as soldering or welding. These, too, are quite bulky and, due to their complexity, difficult and expensive to manufacture and install.
In general then, for installations in which there is great flexibility in space and weight considerations, effective EMI-shielding filter assemblies can be constructed from methods and materials well known in the art.
On the other hand, for installations in small, portable electronic devices such as hand-held nuclear radiation detectors, hip-mounted air samplers, and other electronic sensors and instruments or, in mobile electronic systems such as radio/telephone communication systems, missile guidance and control systems, and the like, in which there are severe constraints on the size and weight of components, there is a need for compact, lightweight, effective EMI-shielding air-filtration devices and assemblies capable of operating in a broad range of environments.

Electromagnetic radiation shielding filter assembly


A hydraulic intake or exhaust valve actuator for an internal combustion engine has a generally cylindrical sleeve, a piston member formed with a head portion and a rod or shaft portion, and a rod bearing through which the rod portion slides axially. To accommodate wide temperature variations, the sleeve, piston member, and rod bearing, are all formed of the same material so as to have similar thermal expansion coefficients. Outer surfaces of the piston member head portion and rod portion are provided with a coating of titanium nitride, while corresponding inner surfaces of the sleeve and the rod bearing are provided with a hard coating of a different material, e.g. nickel boride. These coatings have different hardnesses, so that galling or adhesive contact is avoided.

This invention relates to hydraulic actuators, and is more particularly concerned with piston type actuators employed at high frequencies and where quick response is required. The invention is more specifically directed to actuators for opening and closing intake and/or exhaust valves for internal combustion engines.
It has been recently proposed to employ hydraulic valve actuators in diesel and gasoline engines to replace the conventional system of camshaft, cams and rocker arms.
In the hydraulically actuated system, hydraulic actuators are associated with each of the intake and exhaust valves. Each actuator fits into a respective socket or receptacle in the engine cylinder head, which is in the form of an aluminum block with chambers, bores, and passages for the hydraulic oil to flow to and from these actuators. A timing wheel turns synchronously with the engine crank shaft (once for every two crank turns in the case of a standard four-stroke engine). A sensor measures the wheel position and determines the crankshaft position, that is the phase of the various pistons as they oscillate in their respective cylinders or combustion chambers. The sensor is connected to a timing circuit that sends pulse width modulated (PWM) signals to each of the solenoid valves. The latter each open or close to send fluid pressure to the associated actuator and thus open or close it intake or exhaust valve in accordance with the piston phase.
With this system, it is possible to adjust valve timing on the fly by adjusting the timing and shape of the PWM signals from the timing circuit.
However, because of the sustained high speeds (operating rate of 50 Hz at an engine speed of 6000 RPM) and the precision needed for timing of the valves, certain problems arise in the construction and operation of the actuators.
Because the actuators must operate over a wide range of operating conditions in which the temperature can vary by 300 degrees F., but close tolerance must be maintained, all major parts of the actuator must be made of the same material (usually steel) so that all the elements have substantially the same coefficient of thermal expansion. However, if sliding contacting parts, i.e., the piston and the rod bearing, both are formed of the same metal then there is a significant risk of adhesive wear, i.e., galling.
The conventional approach to this problem of galling is to provide a coating of a soft metal, such as copper, on one or the other of the surfaces in sliding contact. This technique as applied to a high-performance spool valve is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,337,797. Providing the opposing sliding surfaces with widely varying hardnesses avoids adhesive contact such as galling.
However, in applications where there is heavy-duty service and high-velocity motion of the sliding parts, damage occurs to the soft copper surfaces caused by localized cavitation. The cavitation results in erosion of the copper. The erosion exposes the underlying steel body of the unit and permits direct contact with the sliding spool or piston within. This brings about galling at high velocities.
Cavitation occurs when, because of quick piston movement, the fluid pressure in a localized area falls below the vapor pressure of the fluid. This can result in evaporation of the liquid film layer that normally is found between the piston and cylinder cavity and between the rod and the rod bearing. In the absence of this liquid film, direct metal contact can occur. Then normal piston motion can wear away the soft metal coating.
Because of this characteristic, the copper plated hydraulic actuator is poorly suited for use in applications such as with the intake or exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine where the piston must be driven at high velocities and at high frequency for extended periods.
Consequently, the industry has sought a hydraulic actuator which can be employed in this environment and which avoids the above-noted problems attributed to cavitation and galling.


A catalyst composition for the hydrodesulfurization of a hydrocarbon oil, comprising a composite of metal oxides comprising:. aluminum; and PA0 at least one metal selected from a group consisting of PA0 where the at least one metal belonging to Group VIB of the Periodic Table accounts for, in terms of as oxide, from 10 to 60% by weight with respect to the total catalyst, and the at least one metal belonging to Group VIII of the Periodic Table accounts for, in terms of oxide, from 3 to 20% by weight with respect to the total catalyst; and a process for producing a catalyst composition for the hydrodesulfurization of a hydrocarbon oil comprising a composite of a metal oxide containing aluminum, at least one metal belonging to Group VIB of the Periodic Table, and at least one metal belonging to Group VIII of the Periodic Table, which comprises: PA0 drying and thereafter calcining an effective component obtained by mixing in a solvent, an aluminum alkoxide or a chelate compound of aluminum, or a mixture thereof, with at least one of. (A) at least one metal belonging to Group VIB of the Periodic Table; and PA1 (B) at least one the metal belonging to Group VIII of the Periodic Table; PA1 (A) at least one compound of a metal belonging to Group VIB of the Periodic Table, and PA1 (B) at least one compound of a metal belonging to Group VIII of the Periodic Table.

Hydrocarbon oil generally contains sulfur compounds. When the hydrocarbon oil is used as a fuel, sulfur incorporated therein in the sulfur compounds is converted into sulfur oxides and is discharged into the atmosphere. Accordingly, it is preferred that such hydrocarbon oil have as low as possible a sulfur content from the viewpoint of avoiding air pollution upon combustion. This can be achieved by subjecting the hydrocarbon oil to a catalytic hydrodesulfurization process (HDP).
Since environmental pollution problems such as acid rain and nitrogen oxides (NO.sub.x) are of great concern world-wide, the removal of sulfur components from oil at the present technological level seems still insufficient. It is, in fact, possible to further reduce the sulfur content of hydrocarbon oil to some extent by operating the aforementioned HDP under more severe conditions, for example, by controlling the LHSV, temperature and pressure. HDP under such severe conditions, however, produces carbonaceous deposits on the surface of the catalyst, which, in turn, cause an abrupt drop in catalyst activity. The matter is even worse with a hydrocarbon oil which contains a light fraction, since HDP operated under severe conditions has a harmful influence, for example, on the color hue stability and storage stability of the oil. It can be seen that operational improvement is only effective to a certain extent, and more drastic measures are needed to develop a catalyst which is considerably increased in catalyst activity.
Hydrodesulfurization catalysts were conventionally produced by methods such as the so-called "impregnation process", which comprises impregnating a carrier with an aqueous solution having dissolved therein a salt of a metal belonging to Group VIII of the Periodic Table (sometimes referred to simply as "Group VIII metal", hereinafter, and the same for one belonging to the Group VIB of the Periodic Table) and a salt of a Group VIB metal, and, after drying, calcining the metal-impregnated carrier; the "coprecipitation process" which comprises adding an aqueous solution of a salt of a Group VIB metal and an aqueous solution of a salt of a Group VIII metal into an aqueous solution having dispersed therein alumina or a gel thereof to effect coprecipitation of a metal compound; and the "kneading process" which comprises kneading under heating a paste mixture composed of alumina or a gel thereof, an aqueous solution containing a salt of a Group VIB metal, and an aqueous solution containing a salt of a Group VIII metal, to remove water therefrom. For reference, see Ozaki, ed., Shokubai Chousei Kagaku (Catalyst Preparation Chemistry), pp. 250 to 252, published by Kodansha Scientific.
None of the aforementioned methods, however, are suitable for uniformly dispersing a relatively large amount of metal compounds on the carrier. While it is possible to incorporate an excessive amount of the catalytically active metals in the carrier, there then arises another problem concerning the specific surface area of the catalyst. That is, increasing the amount of the catalytically active metals in the carrier reversely reduces the specific surface area of the catalyst which, as a result, inevitably sets a limit on the improvement in the desulfurizing activity of the catalyst. More specifically, despite the fact that it has been reported that a carrier may carry a relatively large amount of an active metal, the practical content was confined to the range of from about 5 to about 8% by weight in the case of CoO, and from about 19 to about 20% by weight for MoO.sub.3.
With respect to a desulfurization process using a conventional catalyst, for example, catalytic hydrodesulfurization of a gas oil containing 1.3% by weight of sulfur carried out at a liquid hourly space velocity of 4 hr.sup.-1, at a reaction temperature of 350.degree. C., and under a reaction pressure of 35 kg/cm.sup.2, this process yields an oil where the sulfur content has been reduced to the range of from about 0.13 to about 0.19% by weight at best. In an another example, i.e., in the case of a vacuum gas oil (VGO) initially containing 2.50% by weight of sulfur, catalytic hydrodesulfurization at a liquid hourly space velocity of 0.4 hr.sup.-1, at a reaction temperature of 350.degree. C., and under a reaction pressure of 52 kg/cm.sup.2, yields a VGO oil the sulfur content of which is reduced only to an insufficient degree, with a limit being in the range of from about 0.15 to about 0.18% by weight. As a further example, a topped crude obtained from a crude oil with a 3.8% by weight sulfur content turns into a product where the sulfur content is lowered but the same is limited to the range of from about 0.9 to about 1.0% by weight, after catalytic hydrodesulfurization at a liquid hourly space velocity of 1.0 hr.sup.-1, at a reaction temperature of 361.degree. C., and under a reaction pressure of 150 kg/cm.sup.2.
It is desired to more readily obtain, without operating the HDP under severe operating condition, a gas oil the sulfur content of which is reduced to the range of from about 0.05 to about 0.08% by weight, and, similarly, a VGO and a topped crude which are reduced in sulfur content in the range of from about 0.08 to about 0.10% and from about 0.6 to about 0.8%, respectively. If this would be possible, not only would the process become highly advantageous in economy from the viewpoint of prolonging the life of the catalyst, but also the resulting oil products would be effective in avoiding air pollution.
An object of the present invention is to develop a catalyst capable of containing a large amount of active metals yet which maintains a relatively high surface area, and which exhibits an extremely high desulfurization activity under ordinary operating conditions such that processing under severe conditions can be avoided.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel oil from which the discharge of sulfur compounds at the time of combustion of the fuel oil is reduced to a level as low as possible, to thereby avoid air pollution.

Catalyst composition for hydrodesulfurization of hydrocarbon oil and process for producing the same


A packing machine for spherical vegetables includes a machine body, a film-cutting part, a film-gripping part, a clamp device and a heat sealing mechanism. The film-cutting part is installed on the rear part of the machine body and can be moved upwardly and downwardly. The clamp device is situated behind the film-cutting part for clamping the packing film. Furthermore, the film-gripping part is installed opposite to the clamping device and can slide forwardly and backwardly upon two guide rails by means of a motor driven transmission chain. When starting the packing machine, the film-gripping part moves forwardly to the clamping device to grip the packing film and then returns to its original position. Meanwhile, the film-cutting part is lowered to cut off the packing film. Then a spherical vegetable is placed on the packing film from a loading holder which is automatically lowered to an appropriate position while the heat sealing mechanism clamps and seals an upper part of the packing film.

This invention relates to a packing machine for spherical vegetables, especially a packing machine which is composed of a machine body, a film-gripping part, a film-cutting part, a loading holder with lifting mechanism, a clamping device and a heat sealing mechanism and can wrap spherical vegetables automatically.
For purpose of retaining the fresh of vegetables, we always use plastic bag or packing film to wrap vegetables, but such kind of packing methods being operated by manual labor. In packing process, the plastic bag or operator's hands damage the surface of vegetable and cause a rot. It spends too much time and labor for wrapping vegetables by manual operation, therefore the packing machines are developed under this condition so as to solve the above question, but vegetable must be placed on a polystyrene tray to wrap, such kind of packing method doesn't match the reguest of environmental protection and spend more time and cost.

Packing machine for spherical vegetables

3F, No. 6, Alley 8, Lane 19, Rong-Hwa Second Rd.


Disclosed are a cloud storage managing system, a cloud storage managing method, and an apparatus for same. To achieve the objective according to the present invention, the cloud storage managing apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a content alignment unit for aligning and shifting content recorded on a cloud storage, by transmitting a shift signal to the cloud storage; and a broker application programming interface (API) providing unit for abstracting, into a broker API, a storage API which corresponds to the type of the cloud storage by using an API mapping table, and providing the content to a terminal device by using the broker API.

A cloud computing service is a service allowing a user to store content in cloud storage on the Internet, rather than local storage, thus enabling the user to access the cloud storage and freely use the content stored therein at anytime and anywhere using an Internet accessible device.
In accordance with a conventional cloud storage management method, as the amount of content to be recorded increases, new storage is additionally connected to existing storage via a gateway. In this case, a case may frequently occur where the function of the additionally connected cloud storage is limited to the range of the function of the existing storage. In a cloud computing service in which the additional installation of storage is essentially required, the limitation of the function of the additionally installed cloud storage is an important factor.
Korean Patent Application Publication No. 10-2009-0021608 relates to a method and system for managing server performance, and discloses technology for generating in time reports on the performance of servers and the current usage status of the servers so as to optimize the performance of various types of servers used in a cloud computing service.
However, such a technology related to the conventional cloud computing service is merely interested in the timely generation of reports associated with servers rather than storage, and does not present detailed technology for optimizing the content and APIs depending on the additional installation of cloud storage.
Therefore, to optimize the content and APIs depending on the additional installation of cloud storage, urgently required is a new cloud storage management technology that collects distributed content segments of the same uploader using uploader-based identifiers of content, and aligns and moves large-capacity content of a heavy uploader and frequently accessed temporary log files or the like to a storage suitable for the use purpose thereof.

Cloud storage managing system, cloud storage managing method, and apparatus for same


There is provided an improved method for the production of o-aminophenyl ketones of formula I wherein R is C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl. ##STR1## Compounds of formula I are key intermediates in the manufacture of sulfamoyl urea herbicides.

Cycloalkyl and haloalkyl o-aminophenyl ketones are utilized as starting materials in the manufacture of herbicidal sulfamoyl urea derivatives. The regiospecific preparation of o-aminophenyl ketone derivatives is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,160,784. Said patent provides a broad inclusive method to prepare a wide variety of aromatic and nonaromatic, substituted and unsubstituted o-aminophenyl ketones. However, in many instances the formation of unwanted side-products can cause decreased yields and cumbersome product isolation procedures.
Therefore, it is an-object of this invention to provide an improved process for the preparation of cycloalkyl and haloalkyl o-aminophenyl ketone which gives significantly reduced side-product formation.
It is another object of this invention to provide an improved process for the preparation of cycloalkyl and haloalkyl o-aminophenyl ketone with increased product yield.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an economic and convenient source of starting material for the manufacture of herbicidal sulfamoyl urea derivatives.

Process for the manufacture of cycloalkyl and haloalkyl o-aminophenyl ketones


The present disclosure relates to a technology for a sensor network, a machine to machine (M2M), a machine type communication (MTC), and internet of things (IoT). The present disclosure may be used for an intelligence service (smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, health care, digital education, retail business, and security and safety-related service). An electronic device and an operation method for sharing a service or contents between electronic devices through a user's simple motion are provided. The method includes, displaying a user interface (UI) for contents, the UI comprising a object for sharing the contents, transmitting a signal for determining a distance between each of the at least another electronic device and the electronic device to at least another electronic device in response to an input for the object, and transmitting information for the contents to the first electronic device via a peer-to-peer (P2P) communication in response to receiving a first signal from a first electronic device.

The internet is evolving from a human-oriented connection network in which humans generate and consume information, to the internet of things (IoT) network in which distributed elements, such as things and the like, exchange and process information. Also, the internet of everything (IoE) technology in which a big data processing technology through a connection with a cloud server or the like is combined with the IoT technology has emerged. In order to implement the IoT, technical factors such as a sensing technique, wired/wireless communication, network infrastructure, service interface technology, and security technology are required, and thus technologies such as a sensor network, machine to machine (M2M), machine type communication (MTC), and the like for a connection between things are recently researched.
In an IoT environment, through collection and analysis of data generated in connected objects, an intelligent internet technology (IT) service to create a new value for people's life may be provided. The IoT may be applied to fields, such as a smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, smart grid, health care, smart home appliance, or high-tech medical service, through the convergence of the IT of the related art and various industries.
Recently, with the development of wireless communication technologies, transmission or reception of signals through a wireless device or an electronic device is increasing. For example, users can use various services by transmitting and receiving various contents, such as a video, music, a photograph, or a document, through a wireless device, such as a smart phone, which is wirelessly accessible.
The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the present disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the present disclosure.


A vertical blind assembly includes an elongate header casing and two sets of louvers movably supported in adjacent channels within the header casing, including a first set of plain louvers structured to be moved horizontally along the length of the first channel, and a second set of louvers which are molded and configured in a decorative, three-dimensional pattern and structured to be moved horizontally along the length of the second channel so that they are positioned in front of the first set of louvers.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a vertical blind assembly, and more particularly, to a vertical blind assembly having two sets of louvers disposed in spaced, parallel relation, one of which is molded and configured in a decorative pattern.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventional vertical blind assemblies consist primarily of an elongate header casing, one set of louvers structured to be moved horizontally along the length of the header casing and rotated about their own longitudinal axis, and means for controlling the horizontal and rotational movement of the louvers. A typical example is disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 4,834,163.
In recent years, modifications to vertical blind assemblies have focused on improving carrier assemblies and tilt control of the louvers. Typical examples are disclosed by U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,067,544, 4,386,644, 4,967,823, 5,056,578, and 5,291,946.
Scissor type extension and retraction means are commonly utilized in vertical blind assemblies to move the louvers horizontally along the header casing. However, the scissor type extension and retraction means used in the prior art have been oriented horizontally within the header casing thereby requiring substantial depth to accommodate the scissor type extension and retraction means within the header casing as shown by U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,848,435 and 5,291,946.
Applicant's invention is designed to provide scissor extension and retraction means oriented in a manner not previously known. Specifically, the scissor type extension and retraction arms facilitating movement of the louvers along the header casing are oriented in a vertical position in the present invention, thereby enabling a second scissor type extension and retraction arm, to control a second set of louvers, to be placed in the header casing without significantly increasing the depth of the header casing.
Applicant's invention is further designed to add a decorative dimension to vertical blind assemblies in a manner not previously known by providing a second set of louvers specifically molded and configured in a decorative pattern, such as a cluster of flowers, fruits, animated characters, etc. The individual louvers in the second set of louvers are spaced apart from one another such that when the first set of louvers is pulled to one side of the window, light is able to pass between the individual louvers in the second set. The second set of louvers is primarily decorative in nature and provides a three-dimensional effect.


The present disclosure concerns methods and compositions for differentiating cells, including adipose cells, into chondrocyte-like cells via in vitro, ex vivo, and/or in vivo mechanical strain. In particular aspects, adipose cells or re-differentiated adipose cells that are chondrocyte-like cells, are delivered to a joint or are shaped into cartilage. In some embodiments, the adipose cells may be delivered to a joint, such as an intervertebral disc, following which the cells differentiate into chondrocyte-like cells to treat dysfunction of cartilage therein, including to repair degenerated discs, for example. In certain aspects, the cells prior to delivery to the individual are managed in the absence of growth factors, in vitro mechanical strain, and/or matrix molecules, for example.

Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue located in mammals in a variety of locations, including at least in joints between bones, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes and the intervertebral discs; it is a stiff material with less flexibility than muscle. Cartilage grows and repairs at a slower rate than other connective tissues, because cartilage does not contain blood vessels; instead, the chondrocytes are supplied by diffusion, helped by the pumping action generated by compression of the articular cartilage or flexion of the elastic cartilage. Furthermore, chondrocytes are bound in lacunae and cannot migrate to damaged areas, so cartilage damage is difficult to heal. The present disclosure at least provides solutions for needs in the art of cartilage repair.

Adipose cells for chondrocyte applications


A structure of a pedal such as an acceleration pedal, a clutch pedal, or a brake pedal for a vehicle in provided. This structure includes generally a pedal pad detachably supported by a pedal arm, a housing integrally formed on the pedal pad, and a mass having a preselected weight for absorbing vibration transmitted through the pedal arm. The mass includes first and second sections, the first section is inserted into the housing to be retained in the pedal pad and the second section extends outside the housing. Thus, various types of masses having different widths in the exposed second section can be attached to the pedal pad to adjust the resonance frequency of the pedal arm.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to the structure of a pedal, such as an accelerator, clutch, or brake pedal for a vehicle. More particularly, the invention relates to a vibration proofing pedal structure for a vehicle to which a mass having a preselected weight is attached to absorb vibration transmitted from the engine and/or the transmission so as to preventing such vibrations from being transmitted to the driver.
2. Background Art
Usually, an accelerator pedal for a vehicle serves to adjust an opening of a throttle valve by depressing a pedal pad to control engine speed. The pedal pad is attached to a lower end portion of a pedal arm which is pivotably supported by a vehicle body through a bracket and an upper end portion of which is connected to an operation rod extending to the engine. A clutch pedal has the same construction as that of the acceleration pedal and is adapted for engaging or disengaging power between the transmission and the engine.
However, in the above pedal structure, since the pedal is connected to the engine via the operating rod, vibration tends to be transmitted to a drivers foot while the vehicle is running, thereby frequently giving an unpleasant feeling to the driver.
In order to absorb this pedal vibration, a pedal arm is generally well known in the art on which a mass is welded to prevent the arm from vibrating. In this structure, an additional manufacturing step is necessary for welding the mass to the pedal arm. Additionally, due to variations in manufactured pedal arms, the resonance frequencies thereof are different from each other as are the differences in the resonating frequencies of various engines, dependent on the type of vehicle.
Thus, to attach a mass suitable for absorbing the proper vibration frequencies for various types of vehicles, masses having different weights are accordingly necessary. In manufacture, this results in a disadvantage in that a uniform mounting operation cannot be easily adopted.

Vibration proofing structure of pedal for vehicle


Novel cyclic analogues of callidine have the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein Pro is moiety of L-proline, Gly--that of glycine, Phe--phenylalanine, Arg--L-argenine; R is a residue of .alpha.- or .omega.-aminoacid or peptide; R.sub.1 is a residue of .alpha.- or .omega.- amino-acid; R.sub.2 is L-serine or glycine, the carbonyl group of arginine being connected either with R or with R.sub.1 by means of a covalent peptide bond using the .omega.-amino group of the aminoacid located in the 1 or 2 position of the calladine sequence. The novel compounds according to the present invention possess a prolonged hypotensive effect of selective character.

In the literature there has been described only one cyclic analogue of callidine, namely cyclo-/(7-glycine)-callidine/, wherein for the formation of the cycle, in contrast to the compounds of the present invention, use is made of the .alpha.-amino group of lysine, not the .omega.-amino group. No biological activity has been found for this compound. (cf. J.lieb.Ann.Chem., 691, (1966), 218-224).
The compounds according to the present invention, i.e. cyclic analogues of callidine are novel and hitherto unknown in the literature.


A method for determining the phase currents of an electric machine having a power converter, and a stator, the power converter having, for each phase, an upper branch having an upper switch and a lower branch having a lower switch, all the upper branches being connected to an upper DC voltage terminal and all the lower branches to a lower DC voltage terminal. The power converter is operated in an active rectification mode in which each upper switch is closed only as long as a phase voltage at the relevant upper switch is higher than a voltage at the upper DC voltage terminal, and each lower switch being closed only as long as a phase voltage at the relevant lower switch is lower than a voltage at the lower DC voltage terminal; phase branch currents being measured in all the lower branches.

Conventional generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Claw pole generators are generally used in motor vehicles, and can be equipped with electrical excitation. Because claw pole generators generate three-phase current, rectification is necessary for the DC voltage vehicle electrical systems common in motor vehicles. Rectifiers having semiconductor diodes and/or active switching elements can be used for this.
Generators that can also be used to drive a vehicle (i.e., can also be operated in motor mode) are used in the field of hybrid vehicles. The objective here is to assist the combustion engine at low rotation speeds at which it is not yet supplying its full torque (boost mode, turbo lag compensation). In addition, thanks to active electric braking (generator mode), the vehicle's kinetic energy can be fed back into the vehicle's electrical system (regeneration). For generator mode, the power converter can be operated as an active rectifier in which the high-side and low-side switches are switched over as a function of phase voltage. For example, the low-side switches are closed when the phase voltage is negative, and the high-side switches when the phase voltage is higher than the battery voltage. A knowledge of the phase currents is important for accurate control of the active braking torque.
The phase currents can be measured via measuring resistors, called "shunts." As a rule these shunts are installed not directly in the phases of the drive system but instead in a low-side branch of the power converter. An individual-phase current measurement using low-side shunts is available in the field of control application to electric motors. In this context, however, as indicated in German Patent Application No.s DE 103 27 690 B4 or DE 10 2012 217 116 A1, the current measurement must be synchronized with the control application. This is relatively complex. Also problematic in the context of active rectification is the fact that at no point in time are all the low-side switches closed. With current measurements in the low-side branch, however, currents not equal to zero can also be measured when a switch is open, for example due to measurement noise, sensor offsets, etc. This makes evaluation even more difficult.
It is therefore desirable to describe a method with which all the phase currents can be determined in as simple a manner as possible even in an active rectification mode.

Method for determining the phase currents of an electric machine having a converter


A method for controlling functions of a Management Device (MD) included in a home network is provided. The method for controlling the functions of the MD by a Control Device (CD) in a home network system including the CD for controlling functions of an Electronic Device (ED) connected to a home network and the MD, the functions of which are managed by the CD, includes diagnosing at least one function performed by the MD; identifying information necessary to control the at least one function; and transmitting, to the MD, control information for controlling the at least one function, in consideration of the information necessary to control the at least one function.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a method for managing a device included in a home network, and more particularly to a method for controlling the functions of a device in a home network.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is normal for a home network to include Internet Protocol (IP)-based private networks. The home network connects various apparatuses, including a Personal Computer (PC), intelligent products, a wireless apparatus, and the like in a home, through middleware corresponding to a common virtual computing environment into one network, and controls them. By connecting the various apparatuses in the home network in a peer-to-peer scheme, the middleware enables communication between the various apparatuses. Home Audio Video Interoperability (HAVI), Universal Plug and Play (UpnP), Java Intelligent Network Infra-structure (Jini), Home Wide Web (HWW), and the like have been proposed as home network middleware.
A UPnP network is a home network technology, which is currently the most frequently used, and defines a UPnP device, a UPnP service and a protocol between the UPnP device and UPnP service. The UPnP network includes a controlled device corresponding to a home network device controlled while being connected to an IP-based home network, and a Control Point (CP) corresponding to a device for controlling the controlled device.
First, the CP, which is a device for controlling the controlled device, requests the controlled device for an event, and then receives the requested event from the controlled device.
The controlled device, which is a device for performing a function determined by the request of the CP, transmits the requested event to the CP, which has requested the event, when the state of the controlled device changes.
The UPnP network devices configured as described above can perform an advertisement process, a discovery process, a description process, a control process, and an eventing process. The advertisement process is a process by which a new controlled device is connected to a home network and then notifies other devices in the home network of its existence. The discovery process is a process by which a new CP is connected to the home network and then searches for controlled devices operating in the home network. The description process is a process by which in order to control the controlled devices, the CP detects the functions of a newly added device by parsing a service description eXtensible Markup Language (XML) file or a device description XML file using IP addresses of the searched controlled devices. The control process is a process by which when intending to provide a particular service through a relevant controlled device, the CP transmits, to the relevant controlled device, a control message (i.e. an action request) for requesting a predetermined service by using the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) according to a UPnP device architecture, and then receives a response message (i.e. a result and variable value) to the transmitted control message.
The eventing process is a process for checking information regarding a changed state of the controlled device, which has provided the predetermined service, by a control command transmitted from the CP.
In the UPnP network, as described above, it is possible to detect errors of service functions performed by devices connected to the UPnP network. However, in order to solve the problems after detecting the errors of the service functions performed by the devices, it is inconvenient in that the relevant device, which has caused the error, should be rebooted. Further, problems may also occur in that after the relevant device, which has caused the error, is rebooted, it must repeatedly attempt to connect to the UPnP network.

Method for controlling functions of device included in home network


The present invention relates to control of wind turbines where a noise measure is taken into account. Control of a wind turbine is described where a control trajectory is calculated based on noise measure, the noise measure being determined from a predicted operational trajectory. In embodiments the predicted operational trajectories are calculated by using a model predictive control (MPC) routine.

In general, a wind turbine or a wind turbine park is operated with the aim to obtain maximum yield of the capital invested in it, and consequently the wind turbine control systems are configured to maximize the output power, i.e. to operate the wind turbine to capture the maximal power that is available in the wind, with due regard to keeping the wind turbine within operational limits.
When a wind turbine is running it generates noise. This may be problematic for neighbours of the wind turbines. The noise emitted from a wind turbine has two main contributions: noise produced by the machine part of the wind turbines (e.g. the gear box and the generator), and aerodynamic sound due to the air flow across the rotor blades.
Generally, noise generation depends on the specific operational parameter settings. However atmospheric conditions are important in relation to propagation of noise in the surroundings. Also such factors as time of day may be important as to how sensitive the surroundings are to noise.
To handle noise emissions turbine operation is subjected to comply with noise regulation in many countries around the world. Such noise regulation may vary somewhat from country to country.

Control of a wind turbine taking noise into account


Computer configurations, search processors (2), software, and methods of viewing and analyzing information regarding agriculture or land use automatically located relationally-linked agronomic entities with both real (18) and virtual (8) displays. Relational linking exist through broad assessment of commonality information with fuzzy logic heuristics. Dynamic link presentation (6) can exist with congregated and hierarchical information displays (29) such as at the farm level, at a location level, at a physically aggregated parcel level with hierarchical display of farms or agronomic entity ownership, management, organization, and crop usages that afford users an unprecedented series of views into the businesses of land use, food production, and resource conservation. A meta-syntactic agronomic information generator (31) can facilitate imputed information through the integration of multiple databases (32). Predictive and application-specific configurations can allow at-a-glance understanding of agronomic organizations and agronomic decision-making to see where to most optimally devote resources for higher success or efficiency.

The desire to provide land use information in an easily understood format has existed for years. This desire is particularly important for agricultural applications. In making decisions relative to farm operations, it is a well known fact that many operations are intertwined with common ownership, management, control, or other relational aspects. Unfortunately, it can be very difficult to understand the web of interactions that may often exist in an agronomic context. Historically, sales persons or other service providers often have worked hard to gain the knowledge of who-owns-who and who-runs-who. This knowledge has often been developed through a long course of dealing (and a good memory) by sales persons or other service persons involved in a specific county or other geographic area. While there may never be a full replacement for the person interactions that help develop such information, what has been long desired is a system that could aid in developing such understandings. While computing systems have developed and significant database information has existed at some levels, it has remained difficult to see relationships; data is often not easily assembled to provide such information and to augment the personal interactions through which such information has historically been developed.
Agricultural software relative to farm management and database interactions has existed for some time. A computerized system for farm insurance decision making is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,897,619 entitled "Farm Management System". This computerized system uses data from a variety of sources to determine field production history for a specific parcel or insurance unit. This information is then applied to set rates for that insurance and the like. It also generates site-specific information to verify insurance claims and the like. It does not, however, disclose a system that scours information databases for the types of relational ties that exist across differing entities.
Others have similarly used available information on individual parcels or even from wide area databases to provide management input for specific parcels. In fact, as early as 1998, one of the inventors of the present invention provided an early disclosure of the use of productivity indexes across geographies and other elements to glean interactions of information on a more global scale in order to identify resource management domains that could be used to not only identify historical change in agriculture land use, but also to aid in farm management and crop selection for a specific parcel. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 6,058,351 for "Management Zones for Precision Farming" disclosed a use of information and data in order to determine specific management zones in a field to permit precise farming. As that patent explains, crop production can be optimized by considering spatial variations that exist within a given farming field. Implicitly it demonstrates that economics can be significantly impacted by an understanding of geospatial criteria. It does not, however, disclose a system that adequately allows data on more than one agronomic entity to be understood in an agronomic context. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 6,990,459 for "System and Method for Developing a Farm Management Plan for Production Agriculture" shows a computer system for farm management to optimize economics of multi-year crop selection, crop rotation, or the like using imported data. Again, however, this is system focuses on data from individual farms for optimization. Further developments have followed this same theme even expanded to a larger area of impact. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,999,877, 7,047,133, and 7,047,135 each show computerized systems that permit performance evaluation of agricultural crops using data relative to specific geographic locations or areas with significant focus on decision making and prediction relative to a farm, farms, or regions of interest. They do not disclose discerning indirect or other relations such as is often desired in this context.
Other patents disclose the use of computer automation in order to track and protect the use of the specific crops or such as genetically modified organisms. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,691,135 and 6,671,698, each entitled "Method and System for Automated Tracing of an Agricultural Product", disclose computer systems that can integrate geospatial use information with specific labels or containers in order to have an understanding of the locations at which such crops are used or stored. Even though apparently considering neighboring land impacts, these patents focus on individual uses and do not provide for a relational integration of information between various agronomic entities.
Considerable attention has also been given to the use of computers in order to provide accurate geospatial land description information. U.S. Pat. No. 5,467,271, entitled "Mapping and Analysis Systems for Precision Farming Applications" discloses specific techniques available, in order to generate agricultural maps that can ultimately be used to optimize productivity of the farming field. This technology involves a geo-referencing device that synchronizes position data to analyze a farming field. No consideration is provided relative to relational interactions among different farming entities. U.S. Pat. No. 6,119,069 is entitled "System and Method for Deriving Field Boundaries using Alpha Shapes." This patent discloses a computerized system that can determine the boundaries of fields for use in a geospatial application. It focuses on defining the boundary, not on interactions and relations of farming entities. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 6,442,483, entitled "System and Method for Defining and Creating Surrogate Addresses for Township and Range Quarter Sections", involves a computerized system that translates land descriptions such as may be used in the US public land survey system. This individualized focus does not address any understanding of the interactions between different entities and different farms. Similarly, US patent application US20020059091 entitled "Apparatus and Methods for Selecting Farms to Grow a Crop of Interest" discloses a technology whereby farms can be managed and crops selected based on economic criteria of interest. Again it does not involve relational interactions between various farming entities.
In spite of the advances made in the use of computing systems in an agronomic context, until the present invention, no system has been available that adequately considers the interaction and interplay between different economic entities as such may be applicable in a particular situation. A need has existed whereby the interplay of information can be considered and integrated into either an analysis or a presentation from which practical decisions can be made. Furthermore, no automated system has existed that provides the level of analysis that can provide information which, while not existing under precise analysis, can be understood to exist on a conceptual basis nonetheless and can be applied in order to provide more in depth decision-making. No system has existed that could indicate indirect relational links between different agronomic entities and perhaps could even generate virtual information that can aid in such an understanding.

System for integrated utilization of data to identify, characterize, and support successful farm and land use operations


Apparatus and a concomitant method of providing a technique, within each central office (CO) in a digital CO cluster, for translating a destination number for a signaling message into a destination point code. Such a CO generally contains a switching system, for providing an interface to various station lines (telephone lines) and links to other DCOs, and/or an A-link consolidator (ALC), and an SS7 signaling processing system for providing a software based control system to properly format, address and route signaling messages. Through the invention, the SS7 signaling processing system first translates a destination number into a destination point code. The destination point code is then incorporated into a signaling message. The signaling message is subsequently routed to a destination node that corresponds to the destination point code. The destination point code indicates either a CO within the cluster or an STP outside of the cluster. Advantageously, use of the invention eliminates the need to translate the destination number into the destination point code without accessing an SS7 node outside of the CO cluster.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to signaling networks for telephone systems, and particularly to apparatus and concomitant methods for providing signaling paths within a network of service switching points.
2. Description of the Existing Art
Modern telephony networks contain two networks, one for carrying communication signals (a communications network) and another for carrying signaling and switching control signals (a signaling network). The signaling and switching control signals are hereinafter referred to as signaling messages. These two networks, each containing a plurality of connective pathways interconnecting a plurality of nodes, operate in a symbiotic manner. The signaling network creates a specific path by activating certain switches within a communications network to facilitate formation of a communication path between, for example, a telephone at one station and a telephone at another station. As a result of the communication path, the parties at each station can communicate to one another through the communications network. Alternatively, the signaling network is used to communicate information such as network management and control information between nodes.
Generally, individual central offices form nodes within both the signaling network and the communications network. Each central office contains switching equipment controlled by the signaling messages to produce communication paths through the node. Additionally, each central office contains communication equipment that is used for communication signal processing within the node. However, though the communications network and the signaling network use the same nodes, signaling messages and communication signals are not propagated along the same connective pathways (trunks) between nodes. Since the signaling network operates using signaling messages that do not propagate along the communication network trunks, the signaling network is said to facilitate out-of-band signaling, i.e., the signaling network is an out-of-band network.
Such out-of-band signaling has become standard in the United States telephone system and the telephony equipment industry. The specification for a United States out-of-band signaling network standard is known as the United States National Common Channel Signaling System Number 7 (hereinafter referred to as "SS7"). This standard is specified in American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard T1.111-1988. International SS7 networks are specified in Consultative Committee on International Telephone and Telegraph (CCITT) Recommendation Q.705. This recommendation contains a specification for an international Common Channel Signaling (CCS) Network standard. CCS, as with SS7, is a signaling network overlay to a voice carrying trunk circuit network (communications network). SS7 and CCS use almost identical signaling protocols for propagating packet-switched signaling messages through the signaling network. Since the United States protocols and the international protocols are nearly identical, the remainder of this discussion focuses primarily upon SS7.
Typically, an SS7 network comprises a number of SS7 nodes interconnected by various types of pathways. In particular, the SS7 nodes include, inter alia, service switching points (SSPs) and signaling transfer points (STPs). Other types of nodes are used within an SS7 network; however, these nodes are not relevant here and will not be discussed. Therefore, for simplicity, an SS7 network is hereinafter defined as only containing SSPs and STPs.
Generally, the SS7 nodes are arranged within the network in groups. Groups of STPs and SSPs form individual local access transport areas (LATAs). These individual LATAs are interconnected by STPs within a long distance carrier portion of the SS7 network. Typically, individual LATAs are operated by individual Bell Operating Companies (BOCs). However, independent telephone companies (ITCs) can also exist within a given LATA and operate distinct clusters of SSPs (hereinafter referred to as ITC clusters) therein. In some instances, an ITC cluster, rather than being solely contained within a single LATA, may overlap and operate within two geographically adjacent LATAs.
During various signaling message routing operations originating within an ITC cluster (discussed below), an STP operated by the BOC (hereinafter referred to as BOC STPs) must be accessed. Traditionally, each SSP within an ITC cluster was individually connected to one or more BOC STPs. However, since independent telephone companies that operate these SSPs are charged by the BOC for each physical link connected to the BOC STP (known as an A-link), the independent telephone companies have begun to use A-link consolidators (ALC) to limit the number of connections to each BOC STP. An ALC is an SSP that is specially designed to route signaling messages from a number of A-links to a single A-link. In general, a number of SSPs forming a particular SSP cluster is connected to one or more ALCs. Each ALC, in turn, is connected through two A-links to one or more BOC STPs. As such, the independent telephone companies which operate a given SSP cluster are only charged for two physical links from each ALC to the BOC STPs.
As is well known in the art, certain messages propagating from any one SSP to another SSP, even if the two SSPs are within the same LATA or even within the same cluster, must access a BOC STP. One type of these signaling messages is known as custom local area signaling services (CLASS) messages. CLASS messages are sent between SSPs to facilitate use of special customer services such as automatic recall (AR), automatic callback (AC) and screening list editing (SLE). Those skilled in the art will readily understand the operation and function of these services as well as the utilization of CLASS messages to facilitate these services. Therefore, CLASS messages and their function will not be discussed in detail herein.
To appropriately route a CLASS message, the SS7 protocol requires a target destination number, e.g., a telephone number dialed by a caller, to be translated into a destination point code. The destination point code typically is a 24-bit address of a node (switching or signaling point) within the SS7 network. The node indicated by the destination point code is typically the node connected to the telephone associated with the target-destination number. The translation process is accomplished by a BOC STP within the LATA containing the ITC cluster from which the call is made. An A-link connects the STP to an ALC within the ITC cluster. In operation, each CLASS message that must be transferred between SSPs is routed to an STP for translation. As a result of the translation, the STP re-addresses the CLASS message and sends the message either through the SS7 network to a destination SSP within another SSP cluster (inter-cluster signaling) or to a destination SSP within the cluster from which the message originated (intra-cluster signaling). In either instance, the appropriately re-addressed message is received by the destination SSP. In response to the signaling message, the destination SSP performs appropriate switching functions or, depending on the type of CLASS message, the SSP returns certain information, e.g., a previously dialed telephone number, to the SSP which sent the message (originating SSP).
Unfortunately, use of an STP engenders several drawbacks. First, if the independent telephone companies could avoid STP access for destination number translation, then the delay inherent is routing a message between SSPs via an STP, could be greatly reduced. Furthermore, STP network access adds an unnecessary time delay and network complexity to intra-cluster message routing caused by accessing the STP and subsequently returning a translated message to the cluster that accessed the STP. Now, if the SS7 functions, in particular the translation function, are performed within an SSP itself for intra-cluster signaling message routing, a substantial reduction in network complexity and processing time savings could be achieved.
Thus, a need exists in the art for a technique that performs some of the SS7 network functions within the SSPs of an SSP cluster. In particular, a need exists for apparatus and concomitant methods for translating destination numbers into destination point codes within the SSPs of an SSP cluster.

Technique for providing an improved signaling network for telephone systems

Siemens Information and Communication Networks, Inc.


A method for forming a tool for creating a formed component includes providing a forming tool having a core and cavity with respective core and cavity shutoff bands. Core and cavity finished parting planes are determined, wherein the engagement of the core and cavity finished parting planes defines a forming cavity. Rough portions of the core and cavity shutoff bands are removed to define respective rough parting planes. The respective rough parting planes are offset by approximately 130 microns from the respective core and cavity finished parting planes. The core and cavity are semi-finished to relieve stress within the core and cavity. The core and cavity shutoff bands are fine cut so that outer surfaces of the core and cavity shutoff bands are equal to the respective finished parting planes. The engagement between the core and cavity outer surfaces is substantially free of gaps.

Many components of vehicles are created through injection or compression molding processes where material is placed within a forming tool by being disposed within a cavity. Material can be disposed within the cavity in several methods that can include, in the case of a compression form, opening the form and placing the material within a forming cavity of the forming tool, where the compression tool joins together to compress the material into a predetermined shape that defines the vehicle component. In the case of an injection tool, the forming tool is joined together and the material is injected into the forming cavity to define the shape of the vehicle component.

Method for finishing matching surfaces in forming tool components


There is provided is a method and computer program product for selecting an appropriate golf ball for a subject by using a mobile computer device with a camera. The method includes: inputting information concerning hitting skill of the subject to the mobile computer device; performing a calibration of a distance and/or direction between two points in a screen of the mobile computer for shooting a moving image; shooting a moving image by the camera of the mobile computer device when the subject hits a golf ball by a golf club; determining a head speed of the golf club before an impact of the club and the ball from the shot moving image based on the calibration; computing a golf ball product having a suitable performance for the subject from the input information concerning hitting skill and the determined head speed, based on a database comprising data of information concerning hitting skills of players, data of head speeds before impact of club and ball, and data of performances of golf ball products which are correlated with each other; and displaying the computed recommended golf ball product on the mobile computer device.

The present invention relates to selecting an appropriate golf ball using a mobile computer device with a camera, and more particularly, relates to a method for selecting an appropriate golf ball using a mobile computer device with a camera, and relates to a computer program product therefor.
US 2014/0300733 A1 discloses a process for determining the speed of a moving sport ball using a mobile device having a camera. The process includes video shooting of the moving sport ball in a sport court using the camera of the mobile device, and extracting from the video the data necessary for computing the speed of the moving sport ball, the data including the positions of the moving sport ball in a plurality of frames of the video relative to a plurality of predetermined reference points located on the sport court, the actual distance between the predetermined reference points on the sport court being known.
US 2014/0300745 A1 discloses a method for determining properties of a trajectory of a ball with a mobile computer device. The method includes capturing a sequence of video frames of the ball with a camera of the mobile computer device, and computing the property of the trajectory of the ball based on the first picture coordinate of the ball in the first video frame of the sequence, the second picture coordinate of the ball in the second video frame of the sequence, a time difference between the first and second video frames, and a reference quantity such as a form and/or dimension of the ball in a picture taken with the camera.

Golf ball selection using mobile computer device with camera


A braking power converter for trucks, busses, trailers, semitrailers and cars as a long-term brake, with oil as the working fluid and an oil cooler, wherein one or more high-pressure reciprocating pumps, which can control the transporting capacity up to zero transport, are driven continuously by the vehicle proportionately to the travelling speed, and an oil flow is compressed to a high pressure of roughly 300 to 900 bar during the braking operation, subsequently relieved of pressure and thereby heated up, after which the heated oil flow is recooled in the oil cooler.

Braking energy converters are known by the general term "retarder". Some retarders operate according to the hydrodynamic turbine-pump principle with a built-in cooling water oil cooler. Their design resembles that of a hydrodynamic coupling, in which a stationary impeller stands opposite a rotating impeller connected with the propeller shaft of the vehicle. In this stator, the kinetic energy imparted to the hydraulic oil by the centrifugal force from the rotation of the rotor is reduced and eliminated or converted into heat. Also known in the art are electromagnetic eddy current brakes, which necessarily have a very heavy design, and whose required fan disks constantly consume power. Finally, there are hydrodynamic torque converters, which are arranged in front of the power shift gear in vehicles, and were modified to function as retarders of the kind described above using complex technology.
The known retarders have relatively large dimensions, not least because the braking capacity may only be raised by increasing the speed, oil volume and diameter of the two impellers, since the centrifugal force can only go up at a higher radius.

Karl Schaeff GmbH & Co., Maschinenfabrik


The present invention relates to a rotary encoder for detecting a rotational angle. A rotary encoder according to the present invention comprises a rotating body provided on its surface with a plurality of digital code patterns representative of absolute angle ranges and a plurality of relative angle patterns representative of relative angles, a high-order angle data producing means (1,2,5,7) for reading the absolute angle patterns to produce high-order angle data, and a low-order angle data producing means (1,2,5,7) for reading the relative angle patterns to produce low-order angle data. The rotary encoder according to the present invention ensures medium resolution by means of the digital code patterns and attains finer resolution by means of the relative angle patterns, whereby the rotational angle can be detected with superior resolution.

Conventionally, a rotary encoder has been used for detecting the rotational angle of a rotor or a rotating member to be measured. A prior art rotary encoder generally used is provided with a rotating disc having optical patterns formed thereon and with an optical sensor disposed in the vicinity of the rotating disc for reading the optical patterns. When a rotational angle of the rotating member is desired to be detected in the form of an absolute value, optical patterns are provided on the rotating disc in the form of a digital code indicative of an absolute angle or corresponding to the angle.

Rotary encoder having absolute angle patterns and relative angle patterns


A hand-held emergency vision apparatus comprises an enclosed tubular structure having opposite first and second ends; first and second clear members disposed at respective the first and second ends; the structure including a plurality of tubular members retractable to a shorter length and extendable to one of several lengths, the tubular members are rigid and sealed from the outside air; and a filter operably associated with the tubular structure to filter the outside air such that when the tubular structure is extended from the compact form air the outside air is forced through the filter and clean air enters the tubular structure.

When cockpits are invaded by continuous, dense, blinding smoke that turn airplanes into unguided missiles, the results are well known to be catastrophic and fatal for passengers and crew. None creates an unsafe condition faster than a pilot blinded by continuous, opaque smoke. And none occurs as frequently as smoke in the cockpit. According to the Air Line Pilots Association, airliners make an unscheduled or emergency landing due to smoke in the cockpit on an average of once per day.
What is true for a cockpit is equally true for any operator station where the operator's ability to see the instrument panel when smoke invades the operator's station depends on the safe operation or orderly shutdown of critical processes, such as occur in a nuclear power station, submarine and similar operator stations.

Hand-held emergency vision apparatus and system


A check node processing unit updates an extrinsic value ratio based on a prior value ratio for each row of a parity check matrix with respect to input data. An identifying unit identifies, based on an element of the parity check matrix that can be identified by a row and column associated with the updated extrinsic value ratio, a next-target element in the same column and in a different row. The identifying unit identifies an element to be updated in the next step by the check node processing unit, from among multiple elements included in the same column. A variable node processing unit updates, based on the extrinsic value ratio, a prior value ratio associated with the identified next-target element after the check node processing unit completes the updating of each row. The check node processing unit and the variable node processing unit alternately and iteratively execute their operations.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a decoding technique, and particularly to a decoding apparatus and a decoding method for decoding data subjected to LDPC encoding.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, LDPC (Low Density Parity Check Code) has been attracting attention as an error correction code having a strong error correction capability even if a low S/N channel is employed. Thus, LDPC has been applied in many fields. With such LDPC, the data is encoded on the transmitter side using an encoding matrix generated based on a low density check matrix. Here, the "low density check matrix" represents a matrix having elements which are either 1 or 0, wherein the number of "1" elements is small. On the other hand, on the receiver side, the data decoding and parity check are performed based on the check matrix. In particular, by means of iterative decoding such as a BP (Belief Propagation) method or the like, such an arrangement provides improved decoding performance.
With such a decoding method, check node processing, which is decoding using a check matrix in the row direction, and variable node processing, which is decoding using the check matrix in the column direction, are iteratively executed. Known examples of the check node processing include sum-product decoding using a Gallager function or otherwise a hyperbolic function.
With sum-product decoding, a channel value, which can be calculated based on the variance of the transmission channel noise, is used as a prior value. With such sum-product decoding, in the iterative decoding, there is a demand for a technique for reducing the number of times the iterative decoding is executed, so as to provide sum-product decoding having high-speed convergence. In order to meet this demand, the priority level is determined for each check node, and processing is executed for each check node in descending order of the priority level.
As a countermeasure for reducing the number of times the iterative decoding is executed, so as to provide sum-product decoding having high-speed convergence, shuffled decoding is known. With sum-product decoding or the like employing such shuffled decoding, the variable node processing is executed immediately after the check node processing of each row is completed, thereby successively updating the prior value ratios. In contrast, with conventional sum-product decoding, the variable node processing is executed after the check node processing of all the rows of the check matrix is completed. With such shuffled decoding, the check node processing is sequentially executed using the extrinsic value ratios updated in the processing of each check node. Thus, such an arrangement must update the prior value ratios for all the variable nodes associated with the corresponding column. As a result, such an arrangement has a problem of an increased amount of calculation that is proportional to the number of non-zero elements (the column weight) in the column direction.

Decoding apparatus and decoding method for decoding LDPC-encoded data


A vehicle platform scale includes a weighbridge platform mounted on transversely positioned load cell assemblies. Each load cell assembly includes a deflectable, floating load cell and associated strain gauges mounted in a load cell tray. Each load cell rests at its opposite ends on a pair of freely mounted bearing rods retained in fixed positions with respect to one another and with respect to the load cell by cooperable grooves in the bottom surface of each end of the load cell. Weight load from the overlying weighbridge platform is transmitted to the middle portion of the load cell through a pair of load cell buttons affixed to the upper surface of the load cell. The load cell is retained in the load cell tray against upward displacement during handling or lifting of the scale by a pair of top retaining plates overlying the ends of the load cell. The load cell is retained against lateral displacement within the load cell tray by a pair of neoprene rubber bumper plates at the opposite ends of the load cell. The load cell is further retained against displacement in the load cell tray along the axis of the weighbridge platform by four pins that protrude from the side walls of the load cell tray at positions centered on the axes of deflective rotation of the opposite ends of the load cell.

The present invention relates generally to platform scales, and more particularly to vehicle platform scales having strain gauge load sensors affixed to deflectable load cells.
Platform scales for measuring axle weight loads of motor vehicles are known in the prior art to include generally one or more elongate weighbridge platforms mounted on load cell assemblies. Such platform scales are generally employed in pairs positioned parallel to one another and spaced apart to accommodate the left and right-hand sets of wheels of a vehicle driven onto the scales. Each weighbridge platform is sufficiently wide to accommodate the wheel or wheels at one end of an axle. Each platform scale normally includes at least two weighbridge platforms aligned end-to-end in order to accommodate the multiple wheels of a dual tandem rear axle assembly of a conventional commercial truck. Longer platform scales having three or more weighbridge platforms are also available to accommodate triaxle trucks or special purpose vehicles.
In operation, a vehicle is driven onto a pair of parallel, spaced platform scales and stopped momentarily with a set of axles centered on the scales. The weight loads on the individual weighbridge platforms are measured and electronically combined to indicate the total weight load of the axle at a remote operator's station. The weight loads of successive sets of axles are sequentially recorded and summed after all axle assemblies have been weighed to give the gross weight of the vehicle.
The weight load on each individual weighbridge platform is typically borne entirely by two load cell assemblies that support the opposite ends of the platform. Each load cell assembly includes a deflectable load cell positioned transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the weighbridge platform. The load cell typically consists of a rigid steel beam supported at its opposite ends in a manner such that its midsection may deflect downwardly in response to a weight load from the weighbridge platform.
The load cell typically includes a number of strain transducers, generally referred to as strain gauges, affixed to its lower surface. Downward deflection of the load cell is manifested by tensile stresses in the lower surface of the load cell. The strain gauges respond to such stresses by producing an electrical signal that varies in magnitude with the extent of the load cell deflection. The load cell and its strain gauges are calibrated such that the assembly can be used to accurately and reproducibly measure weight loads on the load cell. In operation of the platform scale, the electrical outputs from the two load cells under the opposite ends of a weighbridge platform are combined electronically to obtain a measure of the total weight load on the platform.
Ongoing efforts have been made to improve the durability, accuracy and precision of vehicle platform scales of the type thus far described. Such efforts have been addressed both to the general object of improving the performance of load cell assemblies in all applications, as well as to the more specific object of improving the performance of vehicle platform scales intended for routine use at truck stops and truck inspection stations.
More specifically, it has been sought to develop a load cell assembly having a floating load cell, that is, a load cell assembly wherein the load cell is freely cantilevered off a pair of end supports and wherein the deflection of the load cell is not restricted by mounting or securing devices normally employed to maintain the load cell in its proper position. Ideally, a load cell should be freely cantilevered off of its underlying end supports such that its midsection may deflect freely downwardly under the effect of a weight load. The ends of the load cell should be free and unconstrained, as by fastening bolts or mounting devices securing the load cell in place. Even though the ends of the load cell move only a slight amount during deflection, it is found that fastening of the ends of the load cell to the underlying end supports or to the frame of the load cell assembly imposes stresses on the load cell during deflection which significantly affect the electrical outputs of the strain gauges. Nevertheless, it is also necessary that the position of the load cell be fixed with respect to the load cell end supports and with respect to the overlying weighbridge platform, since the electrical outputs of the strain gauges are significantly affected by the position at which the weight load is imposed on the upper surface of the load cell and also by the positions of the end supports under the load cell. Large variations in the outputs of the strain gauges result if the load cell is allowed to creep or otherwise move about on stationary end supports, or if the point or points at which the weight load is imposed on the load cell is allowed to vary. Prior art platform scale assemblies have employed fastening devices designed to bind the ends of the load cell as little as possible, but which nevertheless affect the outputs of the strain gauges to some extent.
For example, in certain platform scales developed by the applicants, a load cell was mounted on cylindrical bearing rods which rested in cylindrically curved grooves in underlying bearing plates. The bearing rods were thus retained in fixed positions by the grooves. The bottom surfaces of the load cell were flat where they bore upon the bearing rods in order that the ends of the load cell would be freely cantilivered off the bearing rods and undergo a slight rolling motion on the bearing rods during downward deflection of the load cell under a weight load. In order to keep the load cell precisely located on the bearing rods, it was necessary to bolt the ends of the load cell to the underlying bearing plates and the frame of the load cell assembly. As a result, a portion of weight loads imposed on the load cell was borne by the bolts securing the ends of the load cell in position, as opposed to the load being borne entirely by the deflectable load cell. Although the load cell assembly was capable of being calibrated to give accurate weight measurements, it was found that the calibration was difficult to maintain due to hysteresis of the securing bolts and shifting of the bolts and the load cell. Frequent recalibration of the scale and adjustment of the torque of the retaining bolts was necessary to ensure accurate operation of the scale.
Certain other performance requirements are unique to vehicle platform scales intended for routine commercial use in truck stops or for truck inspection purposes by law enforcement officers. For example, such scales must be sufficiently rugged to withstand hard braking or skidding of vehicles on the scales. Also the scales must be able to withstand vehicles occasionally being driven onto the scales improperly, for example at an angle, as well as vehicles being positioned off center on the weighbridge platforms. The scales must also operate accurately and reliably under all weather conditions, and must be protected against the effects of snow and ice accumulating under and around the weighbridge platforms and the load cell assemblies.
Portable vehicle platform scales have other types of performance requirements. Portable scales are used, for example, by law enforcement officers and regulatory agencies in the establishment of temporary vehicle inspection stations. Such scales must be easy to handle and transport and yet must maintain their calibration during handling and moving. Moreover, portable scales are typically used on a flat roadway where they cannot be embedded in a recess in the pavement to form a street-level scale in the customary manner of a permanent scale facility. Accordingly, portable scales must be constructed as low as possible to the ground and must include entry and exit ramps leading to and from the opposite ends of the platform. It is desirable to have such scales as low as possible to the ground for ease of operation and particularly to ensure accuracy in the weighing of tank trucks. Tank trucks undergo a shift in their center of gravity due to shifting of fluid when one set of axles is raised relative to the others. A rise in the height of one axle, even by a few inches, may cause a significant inaccuracy in the resulting gross weight.
Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to provide an improved platform scale.
More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a platform scale with a load cell assembly having a floating load cell.
It is also an object to provide a load cell assembly wherein a load cell is freely cantilevered off a pair of load cell supports, yet wherein the load cell is also maintained in a fixed, predetermined position with respect to its underlying end supports and with respect to the overlying weighbridge platform.
It is another object of the present invention to attain the foregoing objects and also provide an improved low profile, portable vehicle scale that is unaffected by severe weather conditions and which is sufficiently durable to withstand routine handling and moving from one location to another.


An apparatus and method for content display in a mobile terminal include: a sensing unit including a location determiner generating current location information of the mobile terminal including latitude, longitude and altitude; a content storage storing content items; a control unit controlling a process of storing, when a content item is created, the created content item together with location information in the content storage, setting a display region for content display, examining location information of stored content items, and displaying content items created at a place belonging to the display region in three dimensions; and a display unit displaying content items at corresponding places of the display region under control of the control unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to display of content in a mobile terminal and, more particularly, to an apparatus and method for content display in a mobile terminal wherein content can be displayed in various perspectives with respect to a content creation environment.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the prior art, advanced mobile terminals, which have a camera module for high-resolution imaging, and units for high-speed communication and high-definition display, can support various types of communication and multimedia services. Such a mobile terminal may process various types of content by importing content from the outside, generating content internally, and adding supplementary information to existing content.
However, to identify information added to content items in a mobile terminal, the user of the mobile terminal may have to check each content item. For example, when taking photographs, the user may attach information on the shooting location to photographs taken at a specific location and store the photographs. Later, to identify the shooting location of stored photographs, the user may have to select each photograph and examine the shooting location thereof. That is, the user may be unable to collectively identify content items created at a given region or location.

Apparatus and method for content display in a mobile terminal