In order to indicate more distinctly the results of transverse and longitudinal adjustments of a print image, in a printer image position indicating device, a standard print position indication mark showing a printing master being positioned at the standard position relative to a print sheet and a biased print position indication mark showing a biased position of the printing master in either or both of the transverse and longitudinal directions relative to the standard position are expressed as marks each including at least two straight lines perpendicular to one another, and the biased print position indication mark is biased in the transverse and/or longitudinal directions according to a corresponding biasing of the printing master relative to the print sheet. The standard print position mark and the biased print position mark are expressed by different kinds of lines so as to clearly contrast one against the other. In addition, the biased print position indication mark is biased at a greater rate than a ratio of a biasing amount of the printing master from the standard position to the site of the printing master.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the art of controlling printing means in printers or copiers, and more particularly to a device for indicating the results of adjustment by an adjusting means for adjusting the position of a print image relative to a print sheet in the printing means.
2. Description of the Prior Art
When a print image is applied to a print sheet by a printing means of a stencil printer or a copier adapted for use in offices, it is often desired that the transverse and/or longitudinal position of the print image relative to the print sheet is changed from the transverse and/or longitudinal position of an original image in a printing master or an original. In the art of electronic copiers it has been developed to adjust the longitudinal position of a print image relative to a print sheet through a step of electronic signal processing such that the longitudinal position of a print image relative to a print sheet is adjusted by a key operation made with reference to a linear scale. However, since an adjustment of the transverse position of a print image relative to a print sheet is relatively readily available by adjusting the transverse position of an original in the case of copiers, the art of adjusting the transverse position by keys does not yet appear to have been applied to copiers. In the art of stencil printing, when the perforation of a stencil sheet is carried out by a perforating means different from a printer such that a perforated stencil sheet is mounted around a printing drum by a manual operation as in the conventional stencil printers, an adjustment of the transverse position of a print image is relatively readily available by appropriately adjusting the transverse position of mounting the stencil sheet to the printing drum. However, with the development of a stencil printer which integrally incorporates a stencil perforation means therein, it has become necessary that an adjustment of the transverse position of a print image is made at the stage of setting an original for perforation of a stencil sheet when the perforation of the stencil sheet is carried out by the conventional art of laying an original and a stencil sheet one over the other, or a transverse adjustment of a print image is made while viewing a monitor screen of a word processor or the like when a stencil sheet is perforated by an electric input from the word processor or the like.
In view of the above-mentioned requirements for adjustments of the transverse and/or the longitudinal position of a print image and a limit of the conventional art in coping with the requirements, stencil printers capable of adjusting respectively the transverse position and the longitudinal position of a print image relative to a print sheet have been proposed by Japanese Patent Applications 5-306032 (corresponding to U.S. application 08/332,069) and 5-306233, respectively, filed by the same assignee as that of the present application.


A non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions. When the instructions are executed by a processor, the instructions cause an information processing apparatus, to perform: a first receiving process for receiving a setting of a first allocation number; a size determining process for determining a size of an allocation area which is to be allocated to one image on the sheet; a judging process for judging whether it is possible to arrange the allocation areas of the size determined in the size determining process, according to a second allocation number which is greater than the first allocation number; and a guiding process for guiding that it is possible to allocate the image according to the second allocation number while maintaining the size of the allocation area determined in the size determining process for each of the images.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a technology for printing by allocating a plurality of images on one surface of a sheet.
2. Description of the Related Art
A so-called "N in 1" printing in which a plurality of images is printed upon allocating on one surface of a sheet has hitherto been known.
Generally, in the N in 1 printing, a setting of an allocation number which is the number of images to be allocated on one surface of a sheet is received by a user, and the number of images corresponding to the allocation number which has been received, are allocated on one surface of the sheet. However, when the number of images according to the allocation number which has been set by the user are allocated, sometimes a wasteful blank space is formed on a sheet.

Medium storing instructions for information processing apparatus and print control apparatus


A computer-implemented method of information lifecycle management is disclosed. The computer-implemented method includes reading, by a data processing system of a storage environment, business rules and policies for managing data in storage volumes of the storage environment, the policies being based on the predetermined business rules, and analyzing, by the data processing system, available storage and capacity in the storage environment. The computer-implemented method further includes dynamically prioritizing, by the data processing system, the policies based, at least in part, on results of the analyzing, resulting in prioritized policies, cognitively translating, by the data processing system, one or more of the predetermined business rules into action(s) against one or more of the storage volumes based, at least in part, on the prioritized policies, and executing, by the data processing system, the action(s).

One or more aspects of this disclosure relate, in general, to Information Lifecycle Management (ILM). More particularly, one or more aspects of this disclosure relate to dynamic ILM policy prioritization and translation of business rules into actions against storage volumes based, at least in part, on the prioritized policies.
Policies are central to the implementation of any form of Information Lifecycle Management (ILM). Data is moved around over its life to both maintain the performance and capacity of primary systems while reducing the overall cost of storing the complete set of data. These policies are usually implemented manually or by means of crude rules and scripts which may fail to optimize.

Dynamic policy prioritization and translation of business rules into actions against storage volumes

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


An organizer assembly system includes a track having a base and a bar coupled to, and spaced from, the base to form an I-beam having a longitudinal axis. The base is configured for attachment to a first mounting surface or a second mounting surface, and the bar is configured as a rail in a plurality of rail orientations of varying lengthwise rotation of the track about the longitudinal axis. A first organizer item of the system has a runner to engage the bar of the track in a first rail orientation of the plurality of rail orientations in which the track is attached to the first mounting surface and the runner rides upon a first surface of the bar such that the track supports the first organizer item relative to the first mounting surface. A second organizer item of the system has a hook to engage the bar of the track in a second rail orientation of the plurality of rail orientations in which the track is lengthwise rotated from the first rail orientation and attached to the second mounting surface such that the hook engages a second surface of the bar that supports the second organizer item to suspend the second organizer item along the second mounting surface.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure is generally directed to storage devices and organizers, and more particularly to systems, assemblies and devices involving a variety of storage and organizer arrangements.
2. Description of Related Art
Storage devices and organizers are commonly found throughout a household in various settings. Organizers are used in kitchens, bathrooms, and garages, to name but a few of the areas and contexts. In each of these contexts, the organizers are often tailored to accommodate the articles to be stored. As a result, an organizer for a bedroom closet may differ markedly in shape, form, function, etc. from those used in kitchens or garages. The differences may relate to the assembly of components that forms a container or other storage mechanism, as well as to the manner in which the storage mechanism is mounted or installed.
A variety of different mechanisms have been used for mounting storage devices in garages and other areas in the house. In some cases, slots are presented to receive items shaped for insertion into the slots. One example of this type of storage system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,775,521. Other examples present a rail or track, such as the FastTrack Garage Organization System commercially available from Rubbermaid. These track rails can be mounted on a wall and used with hooks to hang items along the wall. U.S. Pat. No. 5,960,967 describes an example of a track arrangement for hanging items from a ceiling.
Unfortunately, many track-based storage systems have been constructed and designed for areas in which a substantial amount of space is available. Garages, for instance, often present a great deal of wall space and are well suited for running a track at various heights. In contrast, some areas within the house, such as kitchens, may have minimal wall space available, instead presenting a number of limited storage opportunities in and around cabinets and other fixtures.

Versatile track for storage and organization


A boring head includes a housing having a first end configured to be coupled to a machine tool and a second end positioned opposite from the first end with the housing defining a central passageway. The boring head also includes a diameter adjustment mechanism comprising a sliding holder received by the housing and movable relative to the housing with the sliding holder configured to be coupled to a cutting insert and a balancing mechanism having a balancing mass. The balancing mechanism is configured to move the balancing mass when the sliding holder is moved. The balancing mass is aligned with the sliding holder in a direction extending about perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the housing.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a boring head, and particularly to a device for automatically balancing a rotary boring head used for finishing high precision bores.
Description of Related Art
Boring heads for finishing high precision bores typically include a cartridge with a cutting insert that is radially adjustable to set the boring head diameter and to maintain the tool diameter necessary to compensate for wearing of the cutting insert. Typically, the boring head only has a single position where the center of gravity of the movable parts of the boring and the center of gravity of the cartridge are balanced about the rotation axis of the boring head. Adjustment of the cartridge and cutting insert can cause unbalancing of the boring head, which may lead to undesirable geometric deviations of the bore during the machining process. Minimizing such deviations is critical for such processes. Furthermore, boring heads are commonly used at higher cutting speeds where even a small imbalance is exaggerated thereby further increasing the need for the tool to be properly balanced.
Certain boring head designs have addressed this problem by providing a balancing ring that is adjusted manually to properly balance the boring head. Other boring head designs, such as the one shown in U.S. Pat. No. 8,727,678, include a system that automatically balances the boring head during adjustment of the cutting tool. This automatic balancing arrangement, however, includes a complex mechanism that is expensive to manufacture and provides an arrangement with an inherent imbalance along the length of the rotational axis.

Automatic balancing device for boring heads


The slotted orifice locking tag for fastening to a band material about merchandise is made of sheet material having an information part and a header part united together. The information part is for printed matter, which may include a scannable product identification marking. The header part has an open mouth in its outer perimeter edge and a slotted holding orifice inwardly spaced from the open mouth. A slit entry channel extends from the open mouth along a line terminating as a slit entrance into the slotted orifice. An elongated hooking finger is on one side of the entry channel and a camming surface on the other. The elongated hooking finger is easily latched over a section of a band material about merchandise to cause movement of the band material along the camming surface into the slot of the slotted holding orifice with one sweeping hand movement. A band material in the slot is resistant to escape therefrom.

This invention relates to a locking tag having a special slotted holding orifice for receiving a band about merchandise. The locking tag has an information part for printed matter. The printed matter may vary and may include scannable code material, or label or marking information, or advertising.
Merchandise of many different types is banded for presentation to consumers and for movement of the merchandise in channels toward ultimate marketing to the consumer. For example, bands of rubber or twist tie or string may be placed about a box of merchandise or about multiple boxes or about clumps of merchandise or about rolled or folded merchandise such as a newspaper. Affixing bands about clumps of agricultural produce is widely practiced, especially at the time of harvesting. The addition of appropriate marking tags on such banded clumps also is desirably accomplished at or near the time of harvesting.
Mass merchandising outlets such as superstores or supermarkets have placed more and more emphasis on scannable merchandise markings as the key means to control the accuracy of processing and avoid losses at the check-out counter, and they want economy and sales promotion markings.
The trend in marking extends well beyond scannable tags having simple bar codes (for product identification) or Universal Product Codes (UPC--a combination of bar code and numbers for product identification and usually also a price specification) or product look-up numbers (PLU numbers). Nutritional facts are being more and more required on some products by federal law, and are in general more and more expected by consumers. Recipes, nutritional information, serving suggestions, storage directions, origin of product information (e.g., produced in the U.S.A.), and everything else that could possibly help a consumer make a purchasing decision, and help retailers with accuracy at check-out (and also help retailers and their suppliers, including growers, with inventory monitoring), can be a candidate for an appropriate merchandise tag.
Critical to the requirements of mass merchandising are marking tags that stay in place on banded clumps of agricultural produce during the several handling and processing steps for the produce, even during steps of rough handling as in the washing or cleaning of the tagged produce.
In short, the effective tagging of banded clumps of agricultural produce in an economical manner with all of the data required or desired by superstores, and without damage to the merchandise, and with worker motions of a minimal and economical nature satisfactory to everyone in getting the tag affixed, are but the starting needs. Of the utmost importance are tags that stay in place and are not damaged during product cleaning or washing or other steps in moving the products through marketing channels to the ultimate consumer. This invention provides a unique solution to this problem.

Slotted orifice locking tag for banded merchandise


A three-way handshaking method includes: controlling a first port in a first specific mode to send a first specific signal to a second port, and controlling the first port to enter a second specific mode; when the first port receives a second specific signal, determining the second port is in the second specific mode and controlling the first port to send a third specific signal to the second port; and when it is determined that the second port is in a third specific mode, controlling the first port to enter the third specific mode.

1. Field of the Invention
The disclosed embodiments of the present invention relate to a three-way handshaking method, and more particularly, to a three-way handshaking method for sending a sleep request applied in an automotive Ethernet standard, and computer readable media.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The auto industry regards Ethernet as the mainstream of automotive internet architecture for a new generation. Ethernet has a high bandwidth which can satisfy applications such as new driver assistant and information entertainment systems.
The auto industry has strict requirements related to flexibility to expand, low manufacturing costs, low power consumption and durability. Automotive Ethernet standards (e.g. BR-PHY standard), however, do not restrict actively sending a request to ask a link partner to enter a sleep mode, which results in power consumption issues. Therefore, an innovative method is desired for providing automotive Ethernet associated functions to improve this power consumption issue.

Three-way handshaking method and computer readable media


A transformer is used to charge the battery of an electric automobile. The primary of the transformer is connected to a fixed power supply and is separable from a secondary mounted in the automobile. The secondary is cooled by cooling structure mounted on the secondary, particularly a heat pipe.

In order to reduce air pollution, there is a modern trend toward electrically powered automobiles. These electrically powered automobiles have rechargeable batteries therein. The power of the batteries is used to propel the automobile and to provide for other power needs thereof. The design of such a vehicle is a careful balance between payload, performance, range between charging, acceleration, and speed. No matter what the combination of these criteria, there is need to recharge the batteries periodically so that the automobile may be taken on another excursion. With fairly large battery capacity, there is need to recharge at a substantial amount of power. Since the time when an automobile is unavailable should be minimized, high charging rates are desirable. If an ordinary plug is to be used, the plug must be suited for high power, which brings about a risk of harm to the operator and/or other people in the vicinity from contact with parts of the electrical supply system.
It is, thus, desirable to make a coupling between the charging station and the automobile which does not require the direct transfer of electricity. A magnetic coupling is desirable. In accordance with this invention, an inductive charge coupler can be manually handled and inserted in an appropriate inductive charge receptacle slot in the automobile. The probe inductive charge coupler contains a transformer primary and contains an appropriate magnetic conductor. The inductive charge receptacle on the automobile contains the secondary winding(s) together with the rest of the magnetic core. The transformer secondary receptacle in the automobile is connected through appropriate electrical equipment to the battery for the charging thereof.
The frequency is preferably much higher than the ordinary power line frequency, and high charge rates are above 10 kilowatts. The result is that there are losses in the coupling system that result in heat. The amount of heat dissipated from the transformer coils, magnetic coils and other electronics contained within the inductively coupled connector transformer container can exceed 50 watts. It is desirable to cool the entire inductive charge transformer so that its internal temperatures do not exceed the operating range of the materials used in the connector housing.

Cooled secondary coils of electric automobile charging transformer


A catheter includes a sheath main body portion, a first lumen, a sheath distal end portion, and a second lumen. The sheath main body portion is inserted into an organism. The first lumen is a passage provided in the sheath main body portion and through which a guide wire for guiding the sheath main body portion in an organism can be passed. The sheath distal end portion is provided on a lateral side of a distal end portion of the sheath main body portion. The second lumen is a passage different from the first lumen, provided in the sheath distal end portion, and through which a guide wire can be passed. The catheter can have both ease of exchange of catheter, which is the merit of an RX type catheter, and distal end pushing force transmission performance (pushability), which is the merit of an OTW type catheter.

The present invention relates to a diagnostic catheter used for various kinds of diagnosis in the state of being inserted in a body cavity or lumen such as a blood vessel, a vas, and a digestive organ, and particularly to a rapid-exchange (RX) type catheter provided at its distal end with a lumen for insertion of a guide wire.
In a blood vessel insertion lumen represented by a catheter for use in Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) (this catheter will hereinafter be referred to as PTCA catheter), a guide wire lumen for insertion of a guide wire is provided over the whole length of the catheter in addition to a working lumen used for treatment or diagnosis.
The guide wire is inserted into the guide wire lumen prior to the insertion of the catheter into a blood vessel, and its distalcend precedes in the blood vessel to guide the distal end of the catheter to the vicinity of the diseased part (angiostenosis portion).
The catheter thus provided with the guide wire lumen over the whole length thereof is called an Over The Wire (OTW) type catheter.
For the PTCA procedure, a variety of catheters such as a dilation catheter, a stent delivery catheter, an atherectomy device, a rotoblator, a medicament injection catheter, an ultrasonic diagnostic catheter, etc. are used. In addition, the kind of catheter, the sizes of the balloon and stent of the dilation catheter, and the method of treatment are selected according to the properties of the angiostenosis portion and the conditions of the patient. Therefore, there are cases where exchange of the catheter is needed after the insertion into a blood vessel. Besides, in the case of setting a plurality of stents, also, the catheter may be drawn away and inserted a few times.
In the case of such an exchange of catheter, generally, it is preferable to keep the guide wire indwelling in the blood vessel, for the purposes of alleviation of burden on the patient, reductions in the operation time and labor, prevention of infection, etc.
In the conventional OTW type catheter, however, the guide wire lumen is provided over the whole length of the catheter as above-mentioned. Therefore, in order to exchange the catheter while keeping the guide wire indwelling in the blood vessel, the guide wire must project to the exterior at least beyond the whole length of the catheter. If the guide wire does not project to the exterior beyond the whole length of the catheter, the guide wire terminates at an intermediate position in the catheter, so that it is impossible to insert the catheter into an organism by operating the guide wire. Where the guide wire projects to the exterior beyond the whole length of the catheter, the guide wire projecting to the exterior is too long, resulting in that the operationality of the catheter is lowered by the guide wire.
As a countermeasure against this problem, there is the rapid-exchange (RX) type catheter provided with a guide wire lumen only at the distal end thereof. The RX type catheter includes a working lumen and a guide wire lumen. The working lumen is provided over the whole length of the catheter, and the guide wire lumen is provided substantially in parallel to the working lumen over a length of several centimeters at the distal end of the catheter. Thus, unlike the OTW type catheter, the RX type catheter is not provided with the guide wire lumen extending over the whole length of the catheter.
Therefore, in the RX type catheter, the guide wire lumen is shorter than that in the OTW type catheter, so that the guide wire need not be projecting to the exterior beyond the whole length of the catheter at the time of exchanging the catheter while keeping the guide wire indwelling in an organism. As a result, the catheter can be exchanged without spoiling the operationality of the catheter.
However, in the conventional RX type catheter, since the guide wire lumen is short, it is difficult for a force of pushing the catheter by the operator to be transmitted to the distal end of the catheter. In many cases, it is difficult for the distal end of the catheter to pass through an angiostenosis portion constituting the diseased part. In such an instance, it has been necessary to exchange the RX type catheter for an OTW type catheter so as to enable passage through the angiostenosis portion.
In addition, for enhancing the pushing force at the distal end of the catheter, it may be contemplated to enlarge the length of the guide wire lumen of the RX type catheter. In this case, however, as the length over which the working lumen and the guide wire lumen are parallel to each other is enlarged, the length of the portion of an increased outside diameter of the catheter is also enlarged accordingly. Thus, it is not preferable to enlarge the length of the guide wire lumen, in consideration of burden on the organism or the like.


Systems and methods are provided to administer a wireless telecommunication network (WTN) having a plurality of cell sites. Network data is received from a data source for a subject cell site. A baseline performance of the subject cell site is determined. Parameters to optimize for the subject cell site based on the baseline performance are identified. An uplink (UL) transmission power of the subject cell site based on a VoLTE drop call rate is adjusted. A downlink (DL) transmission power of a cell specific reference signal (CRS) of the subject cell site is adjusted. A handover operation between the subject cell site and a second cell site is adjusted. A transmission range of the subject cell site is adjusted.

Wireless telecommunication networks have evolved into complex systems that include various hardware that is often controlled with complex software via a central station. Initial implementations of such wireless communications, for example in the form of cellular telephone networks, supported circuit switched voice communication services. The carriers developed short message service (SMS) technology to provide text and/or e-mail communications via the wireless communication networks. As the wireless communication networks have evolved to provide greater bandwidth and packet based services, the wireless industry has developed a variety of data services, such as email, web browsing, as well as a variety of services using multimedia message service (MMS) technology. To accommodate the increasing demand of such wireless services, large scale wireless telecommunication networks often include an increasing number of cell sites, sometimes referred to as base stations, which are used to service mobile devices in various locations.
To effectively manage these wireless telecommunication networks, administrators track various key performance indicators (KPI's) for each cell site. To administer the increasing number of cell sites, these cell sites are adjusted to have substantially similar configurations. Thus, cell sites are typically configured using a network-wide optimization that configures each cell site using substantially similar parameters. Such holistic approach for the entire network may be time efficient, but it often leaves individual cell sites to operate under non optimal conditions. While individual optimization of each cell site may be possible, it is generally avoided due to high administrative cost.

LTE cell level network coverage and performance auto optimization


The present invention is directed to golf balls having improved aerodynamic performance due, at least in part, to the selection of the dimple plan shapes. In particular, the present invention is directed to a golf ball that includes at least a portion of its dimples having a plan shape defined by high frequency periodic functions along a simple closed path. In addition, the present invention provides methods for producing dimples having a plan shape defined by a high frequency periodic function along a simple closed path.

Aerodynamic forces acting on a golf ball are typically resolved into orthogonal components of lift (FL) and drag (FD). Lift is defined as the aerodynamic force component acting perpendicular to the flight path. It results from a difference in pressure that is created by a distortion in the air flow that results from the back spin of the ball. Due to the back spin, the top of the ball moves with the air flow, which delays the separation to a point further aft. Conversely, the bottom of the ball moves against the air flow, moving the separation point forward. This asymmetrical separation creates an arch in the flow pattern, requiring the air over the top of the ball to move faster, and thus have lower pressure than the air underneath the ball.
Drag is defined as the aerodynamic force component acting opposite to the ball flight direction. As the ball travels through the air, the air surrounding the ball has different velocities and, thus, different pressures. The air exerts maximum pressure at the stagnation point on the front of the ball. The air then flows over the sides of the ball and has increased velocity and reduced pressure. The air separates from the surface of the ball, leaving a large turbulent flow area with low pressure, i.e., the wake. The difference between the high pressure in front of the ball and the low pressure behind the ball reduces the ball speed and acts as the primary source of drag.
Lift and drag, among other aerodynamic characteristics of a golf ball are influenced by the external surface geometry of the ball, which includes the dimples thereon. As such, the dimples on a golf ball play an important role in controlling those parameters. For example, the dimples on a golf ball create a turbulent boundary layer around the ball, i.e., the air in a thin layer adjacent to the ball flows in a turbulent manner. The turbulence energizes the boundary layer and helps it stay attached further around the ball to reduce the area of the wake. This greatly increases the pressure behind the ball and substantially reduces the drag.
Accordingly, the design variables associated with the external surface geometry of a golf ball, e.g., surface coverage, dimple pattern layout, and individual dimple geometries afford golf ball designers the ability to control and optimize ball flight. Thus far, any adjustments to dimple geometry in an attempt to optimize aerodynamic characteristics have been limited to dimple profile. In fact, while dimple profile has been used by manufacturers in an attempt to affect the aerodynamic performance of a golf ball, the dimple shape or perimeter has remained circular in nature. However, circular dimples are limited with respect to packing efficiency and number in a dimple pattern. As such, there remains a need in the art for non-circular dimple plan shapes that alter the boundary layer flow and laminar to turbulent transition and provide a means to fine tune golf ball aerodynamic characteristics by controlling the external surface geometry.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Golf ball dimple plan shapes and methods of making same


The invention pertains to a method and apparatus for separation of seeds from fruit pulp/skin/twigs, in general, coming out from juice producing industry as a waste and in particular from apple pomace. The method involves addition of apple pomace and water in a particular ratio to a vessel (1), mixing with an agitator (6, 8) at optimum rpm for sufficient period, allowed to stand followed by secondary agitation. Based on difference in bulk density, seeds were separated from pomace. The seedless pomace withdrawn from horizontal (13) or inclined (14) outlets and seeds collected in seed collection chamber were removed through bottom valve (11). The seed trap (15) provided at inclined outlet (14) helps in their retention in the vessel (1). The seedless pomace is recovered by filtration from water. This spent water can be recycled for few times and then purged. Easy to handle separation device is energy efficient, compactly designed and can be used to separate the seeds efficiently up to 97%.

Reference may be made to M. S. Kolodesh and W. Cash. Method of and apparatus for separating seeds from a juice/juice sac slurry, U.S. Pat. No. 4,981,220, dated Jan. 1, 1991, wherein the juice slurry/juice sac of citrus fruit collected from the rag separator fed to a seed separator. The seed separator works on the difference in resiliencies or bouncing behaviour of seeds and juice sacs for separation, of seeds. It includes a vibrating stand, inclined perforated bed having a number of channels with distinct ridges and valleys. The perforated bed has a number of upwards ridges arising from the bed's surface. During separation, the residue gets deposited on the bottom end of the bed's upper-side. The vibration of perforated bed caused by its base helps in sending the sacs to collection point. The rising ridges spaced out the clumps of fruit juice sacs during their upward movement to free the seeds present in these sacs. On the basis of different bouncing behaviours, seeds bounce relatively higher than sacs and fell down the bed, collected at closing point and disposed-off. The recovered juice sacs used for adding into prepared fruit product or later mixed with processed juice. The drawbacks are, when the mixture/feed contains fruit pulp and seed in gel form becomes highly sticky in nature, thus making seed separation process inefficient. Further, the pulp gets exposed to the air, as the apparatus is an open chamber, which in turn reacts with air and chemical reactions such as oxidation, polymerization etc. take place, leading to loss of flavour and colour. The application of this invention is only limited to where the difference in bouncing characteristics of the seeds and the fruit sacks are high.
Reference may be made to Marvin Schulman, Richard B. Stevenson. Seeds separating apparatus and method, U.S. Pat. No. 4,609,110, dated Sep. 2, 1986 wherein the apparatus consists of two parallel spaced liberally revolving roller lengthening diagonally across the surface of upper conveyor belt. The roller has smoother surface in contrast to belt (with rougher finish). The fruit sacs move along the rough surface of conveyor belt while separated seeds fall along the smooth surface of the roller. The fruit residue while passing through the gap is subjected to watering onto the surface of conveyor belt. Upstream of the second roller forming a tapered gap with the belt surface was used for the separation of smaller sized seeds or seed particles that are left in the fruit residue. The drawbacks of the said invention are: fragmentation of the seeds due to rolling, which can release undesirable compounds and may impart off-flavour. Inefficient separation of the seeds at the first roller forced inventors to provide a second roller, wherein a liquid spraying device sprays water to detach/separate the seeds from fruit rags. However, the machine does not provide proper drainage/collection of sprayed water, making soggy working space around the machine. This created unhygienic conditions and susceptibility to food contamination.
Reference may be made to William A. Kirk, Citrus seeds separator, U.S. Pat. No. 3,330,410, dated Jul. 11, 1967 wherein seeds are separated from citrus pulp after the extraction of juice. The citrus fruit rag is fed to the hopper, underneath the hopper number of endless conveyor belts were mounted at different altitude on a frame in both directions i.e. lengthwise and transversely. The rag moving on an inclined conveyor belt, discharged from the uppermost portion of the first belt and would fall down on the surface of next lower belt, inclined in opposite direction from the first belt. Falling of the matter from a height causes distress; this resulted in separation of seeds from the pulp. Appropriate motors and gearing system were provided for the movement of belts. The seedless pulp was received over the last conveyor belt and collected separately. The drawbacks of the said invention are: lack of seed collection chamber/point and the seeds rolling off the conveyer belt and dropping on to the ground, resulting in the loss/wastage of seeds. The seeds remained adhered to the pulp due to high moisture and gumminess nature of the pulp, thus leading to inefficient separation of seeds. The machine also required high energy input to move the endless conveyer belts by electric motors and hence, increased the capital investment. Throughput of the machine is very less as the feed needs to be spread over the conveyer belt in a thin layer to separate the seeds from the pulp, thus require huge infrastructure and more energy consumption.
Reference may be made to Xianghua Chen, Method for separating apple seed in apple juice preparation process and centrifugal separator, China Patent Application 1701853A dated: 30 Nov. 2005 wherein apples are fed to the centrifugal separator during juice processing. It consists of centrifuge separators (centrifuge chamber, shaft mounting to two end plates), filter sieve, power machine, transmission gear box, air blower, mechanical dehydration device or horizontal screw-type squeezer or oil presser or vertical screw-type squeezing device, gravity separators etc. The wet material was dewatered by squeezing and then fed to the gravity separator fixed with air blowers. Under the effect of vibrating sieve (three numbers) at specific wind speed, apple seeds were separated along with small quantity of fruit flesh, peels and stems. The drawbacks of the said invention are: the browning of apple pomace due to oxidation—an undesirable character for further value addition. In general, browning results from the exposure of pomace to air thus causing oxidation of polyphenols in the presence of enzyme (polyphenol oxidase) present in the apple fruits. The squeezing device used during dewatering of the wet material causes the crushing/fragmentation of seeds as well, which leads to release of toxic compounds such as cynogenic glycosides. The capital investment is very high as it consists of many electric motors, vibrating sieves for separating the seeds from fruit pulp/skin/stems in different process equipments including centrifuge, air blower, mechanical dehydration device or horizontal screw-type squeezer or oil presser or vertical screw-type squeezing device, gravity separators etc.
Reference may be made to Kaur Devinder, Flotation-cum-sedimentation system for skin and seed separation from tomato pomace, Journal of Food Engineering 71(2005) 341-344 wherein tomato seeds and skin are separated in flotation-cum-sedimentation system consisting of mixing tank, settling and water collecting tanks, seed collecting trays and recirculation pump. The pomace is fed to the mixing tank, agitated and later the mixture is moved to a series of sedimentation tanks for separation of seeds from skin/flesh. The skin/flesh being lighter in weight floated at the top and collected through the upper outlet, whereas seeds settled at the base of the tank and are removed from bottom outlet. The drawbacks of the said invention are that when pulp is exposed to the air, as the mixing tank is an open chamber, it leads to oxidation. It requires huge space to house a number of tanks. The system does not provide single window for seed collection from three settling tanks.
Fruit processing industries are facing a lot of problem in disposal of bio-waste generated during pre and post processing of fruits & vegetables. Besides environmental pollution on dumping sites, it also poses possible health hazards due to growth of undesirable microbes. Even mere dumping of such wastes causes economic losses to the industries. Therefore, value addition of such wastes will not only reduce the environmental pollution, but also give the additional returns to such industries. Efficient separation of seeds will provide advantage of utilization of seedless pomace for preparation of value added products. Commercial apple juice processing units purge pomace as a waste from the factory. The present invention pertains to method and apparatus for the separation of seeds from fruit pulp/slurry/pomace, in general, coming out from food processing industry as a waste and in particular from apple pomace, which essentially consists of skin, pulp, seeds and twigs/pits. Although for many years, it was regarded as a waste; at present apple pomace is being utilized for the production of value added products. Apple pomace comprises 95% skin/flesh, 4% seeds and 1% twigs/stems (Bhushan et al., 2008. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 28:285-296). Apple pomace contains 66.4-78.2% (wb) moisture and 9.5-22.0% carbohydrates (Sun et al. 2007 Food Science Technology International 13(2):91-97) and it also contains 26.4% dry matter (DM), 4.0% proteins, 3.6% sugars, 6.8% cellulose, 0.38% ash, 0.42% acid and calcium, 8.7 mg/100 g of wet apple pomace (Vasil'ev et al. 1976. Konservnaya-i-Ovoshchesushil' naya-Promyshlennost. 3:32-34). Polyphenols in apple pomace are: flavanols (catechin, epicatechin, procyanidins), flavonols, hydroxycinnamates and dihydrochalcones (Schieber et al., 2003. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol. 4:99-107). Among flavonoids quercetin and its glycosides are most abundant in plants, including apples. In apple pomace Quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (hyperin), Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (isoquercitrin), Quercetrin-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (reynoutrin), Quercetrin-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside (avicularin) and Quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (quercitrin) are present in largest quantities (Lu & Foo, 1997. Food Chem. 61(1-2): 29-33).
Apple seeds are generally oval in shape with pointed tip at one end, measuring about 5 mm diameter and 1.5 mm in thickness (depending upon maturity and variety). Apple seeds, the significant part of apple pomace, are rich in fatty oil content (28%) and supplementing proteins (34%). The main component of apple seed (fatty) oil is linoleic acid (ca. 50%) (Lu and Foo, 1997. Food Chem. 61(1-2): 29-33) and also contain significant amount of amygdalin and phloridzin (Lu and Foo, 1998. Food Chemistry, 61(1/2): 29-33) and phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron (Yu et. al., 2007. International Journal of Food Engineering, 3(5) Article12). The metabolism of amygdalin produces hydrogen cyanide, a potent toxin. β-Glucosidase, one of the enzymes that are present in the human intestine, catalyse the release of cyanide from amygdalin leads to an unpredictable and potentially lethal toxicity, when amygdalin is taken orally (Newton et. al., 1981. West. J. Med. 134 (2): 97-103). Injection of purified amygdalin can cause sewer toxicity and death due to cyanide (Lerner, 1981. CA Cancer J Clin. 31 (2): 91-95). The seedless apple pomace consisting of flesh, skin etc. can be used potentially for producing value added products such as dietary fiber, protein, pectin, natural antioxidants, pigments and phenolic compounds (Kolodziejczyk et. al., 2007. Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 57: 291-295; Lu and Foo, 2000. Food Chem. 68(1):81-5). It is, therefore, extremely important to develop an economical method and apparatus for effecting rapid and efficient separation of seeds from apple pomace for commercial production of value added products.
At present, the apple pomace is either dumped as landfill or used to some extent for animal feed. Apple pomace is highly nutritious and therefore, its dumping is not only an economical loss, but also a loss of nutritional bioresource. Therefore, efficient utilization of this bio-waste to improve the commercial feasibility of juice processing industries is the need of the hour. Thus the apparatus and the methods mentioned above for the separation of seeds have one or other major drawbacks like improper seed collection point, water drainage system, insufficient separation of seeds from pulp/skin/flesh, release of undesirable compounds due to seeds fragmentation or splitting/crushing, causing seed damage/loss, open seed separation process causes loss of flavor and color due to oxidation through direct air contact, unhygienic separation leads to contamination/degradation, require more attention/manpower during processing, more capital investment, operational cost, less throughput, high space required for infrastructure.
The present invention contemplates a method and device operated in batch and continuous mode designed, fabricated and calibrated to produce a clean, highly efficient, rapid separation of seeds from the apple pomace in an economical manner, that avoid the splitting or fragmentation of the seeds which can otherwise release undesirable cyanogenic glycosides into the extracted apple pomace.
The pressed apple pomace typically comprises of fruit skin cell wall materials and pulp surrounding gelatinous mucilage having apple seeds embedded therein. Therefore, it is quite difficult to separate seeds from the pomace by using traditional straining methods and devices, which inefficiently separate the seeds from skin/flesh, pulp, etc.

Method and apparatus for the separation of seeds from fruit pulp/slurry/pomace

Council of Scientific & Industrial Research


Novel polyacrylic acid resins are prepared by polymerizing H.sub.2 C.dbd.CHCO.sub.2 H, H.sub.2 C.dbd.CRCO.sub.2 X, or HRC.dbd.CHCO.sub.2 X, wherein R is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon, or sulfonated hydrocarbon of from C.sub.1 to C.sub.20, phenol, naphthol, sulfonated phenol, sulfonated naphthol, or a halogen, and X is hydrogen, alkyl, or a hydroxylated, ethoxylated, sulfonated, or halogenated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon of from C.sub.1 to C.sub.20, sodium, potassium, ammonium, or quaternary amine, in the presence of aromatic sulfonic acid or its salt to form a polymer in which the sulfonated aromatic compound is covalently bound to the polymer. In an alternative embodiment, a textile processing or cleansing compound is included in the polymerization reaction along with the acrylic acid and aromatic sulfonic acid or its salt. The resulting polymers have superior properties for use in textile processing and cleaning, and can be used as detergents, acid dye levelers, surfactants, emulsifiers, yarn lubricants, copolymerizing agents, polymer after treat agents, defoamers, chelating agents, flocculants, anti-static agents, flame retardants, metal cleaners, metal coatings, and as multipurpose acids.

This invention is in the area of polymer chemistry, and in particular relates to a group of novel polyacrylic acid derivatives that can be used in a variety of applications, including textile applications.
Polymethacrylic acid and polyacrylic acid, as well as their copolymers, are important polyelectrolytes that are widely used in industry for a number of applications, including as thickening agents for paints, suspending agents for inorganic pigments, flocculants in metal ore recovery, and in ion-exchange resins, coatings and dispersants. For example, Dickson U.S. Pat. No. 4,043,965 describes a copolymer of acrylic acid and 1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl methacrylate that is useful as a soil-release finish in the rinse cycle of a home laundry process. Portnoy U.S. Pat. No. 4,680,128 discloses low molecular weight copolymers of acrylic acid and salts of vinylsulfonic acid for use as dispersants and deflocculants.
Polymethacrylic acid and a number of copolymers and blends thereof have been used increasingly to impart stain resistance to nylon (polyamide) fibers. The anionic moieties of the polymers ionically bind to protonated terminal amines in the polyamide, blocking subsequent ionic bonding by anionically charged dyes. Chang, et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,937,123 assigned to Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, describes the use of polymethacrylic acid and copolymers of methacrylic acid with other ethylenically unsaturated monomers to impart stain resistant properties to nylon fibers. Olson U.S. Pat. No. 4,822,373 also assigned to Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, describes a stain resistant composition prepared by blending a partially sulfonated novolak resin with a polymethacrylic acid, or a copolymer of methacrylic acid with ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Moss, et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,757 assigned to Peach State Labs, Inc., describes a stain resistant polymeric composition prepared by polymerizing an .alpha.-substituted acrylic acid in the presence of a sulfonated aromatic formaldehyde condensation polymer using a free radical generating agent. The resulting product imparts to polyamides improved resistance to acid dyes, while exhibiting little discoloration over time, and can be used at levels of application less than other compositions that are composed of a mere blend of polymethacrylic acid and a sulfonated aromatic formaldehyde condensation polymer.
A number of chemical agents other than stain resist agents are required during textile processing and handling. Examples include dye levelers, acids to adjust pH, cleaning agents (detergents, shampoos, and surfactants), emulsifiers, yarn lubricants, defoamers, antistatic agents, flame retardants, ultra-violet absorbing agents, and finishing resins A substantial amount of the agents currently used typically remain in the wastewater after use, increasing the B.O.D. (biological oxygen demand) and C.O.D. (carbon oxygen demand) of the wastewater. The agents also increase the hazardous nature of the wastewater, which significantly increases the burden of water purification placed on the company and on the publicly owned treatment facilities.
It would be of significant environmental benefit to develop textile processing chemicals that adhere to the carpet fiber (that would be exhausted onto the fiber) instead of remaining in the wastewater to be removed later at significant expense. It would be of even greater value to have an exhaustible processing chemical that improves the properties of the textile fiber for residential or commercial use.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide textile processing and handling agents that have improved performance over the currently used agents.
It is another object of the present invention to provide processing chemicals for textile applications that are exhausted onto synthetic and natural fibers and substrates
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an exhaustible processing chemical that improves the properties of the synthetic and natural fibers and substrates.

Polyacrylic acid compositions for textile processing


A method of mitigating plankton from fish pens moves denser cleaning water from a selected depth into the pen and discharges it to flow horizontally across the pen, but with a downward component and at a sufficient velocity so that the cleaning water sweeps (carries) the plankton from the pen.

The present invention relates to plankton removal from fish pens, more particularly to an improved system for displacing plankton from fish pens.
Fish rearing in pen, for example, in open net pens that usually but not exclusively are enclosed by open mesh, are exposed to the conditions prevailing in the water surrounding the pen.
Several undesirable conditions can occur in this water including, but not limited to:
1. Presence of toxic or parasitic plankton (usually algae or sealice).
2. Undesirable water temperature (usually too high).
3. Undesirable oxygen concentrations in the water (usually too low).
In natural bodies of water stratification of the water column can occur. This can lead to a condition where an undesirable condition is present in the upper part of the column but not below a certain depth. Examples of this condition include algal blooms where the significant portion of the bloom is in the euphotic or illuminated part of the column and thermal stratification wherein warmer water overlies colder water with a distinct thermocline between them. Often these phenomena are associated and sometimes linked.
Operators in some areas often use multiple air-lift pumps to provide algae-free water during algal blooms. These pumps are small, so many are required and do not discharge in a radial fashion. In addition, the flow rate achievable is low so that they often fail to provide adequate mitigation. Typically, these pumps would be arranged around the perimeter of a tarped net-pen system discharging in over the tarp.
Applicant is aware of one operator in Chile who has tried a simple vertical pipe with a pump inside it and discharges from the pipe in a substantially vertical direction. The reports have had reports that this strategy was not very successful. We have no data on flow rates so and therefore cannot estimate current or downfield dispersion.
One example of aeration and/or circulating devices is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,564,828 issued Oct. 15, 1996 to Haegeman which shows a system that takes water from in the pen moves it vertically and then disperses it with a tangential component to disperse and mix the water in the tank or pen. U.S. Pat. No. 4,350,648 issued Sep. 21, 1982 to Watkins and U.S. Pat. No. 5,110,510 issued May 5, 1992 to Norcross each describe recirculation systems wherein the output is diverted radially and adjustment are provided to control the output and how the water is recirculated, i.e. in Watkins a diffuser cone is connected to a diffuser hood that move together between a mixing position wherein the cone blocks the flow of water through float on which the system is mounted and an aerating position wherein the diffuser hood is positioned against the float and the cone is spaced above the float to divert the water.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,798,168 issued Jan. 17, 1989 to Vadseth et al. describes a system wherein water is pumped (air lifted) from below and injected tangentially into a peripherally closed tank to expel water in the tank through an overflow outlet. This patent does refer to drawing water at a suitable temperature form below, but they are discussing operation in cold temperatures where the water below is at a higher temperature than the water in the tank and they use the higher temperature water from below to raise the temperature in the tank.
It is the main object of the invention to provide a system (method) for removing plankton from a fish pen.
Broadly the present invention relates to a method of removing plankton from a fish pen comprising pumping a cleaning water from a depth sufficiently low to provide a source of cleaning water having a density significantly higher than the water density of water in said pen, said pumping delivering higher density cleaning water at a velocity sufficient to distribute said higher density water across at least a major portion of the area of said pen while permitting at least a portion of said higher density water to sink toward a bottom of said pen at a rate to,carry plankton with it and dispensing said plankton carried to said bottom by said cleaning water from said pen.
Preferably said pumping dispenses said cleaning water substantially radially of an outlet without formation of an abrupt downward plume of water at said outlet.
Preferably said pumping dispenses said cleaning water substantially radially of an outlet to form a surface plume that extends over a major portion of the area of the surface of said pen. Preferably said pumping dispenses said cleaning water at a velocity having a component radially of said outlet of between 1 and 3 meters/second.
Preferably said pumping dispenses said cleaning water at a flow rate of between 1 and 2 cubic meters/second.
Preferably said cleaning water in said pen has a downward velocity obtained substantially solely based on turbulence and the difference in density between said cleaning water and said water in said pen.


A jewelry holder attached to the wall or door in a bedroom or dressing room is provided with a horizontal front panel having apertures in which detachable hooks are frictionally wedged to hold chains, necklaces and the like. Bracelet, ring and earring holders are provided along the top of the front panel.

This invention relates to the general field of jewelry holders and jewelry caddies. A variety of jewelry holders have been described in prior art including the finger ring exhibitor by M. Adams in U.S. Pat. No. 608,946. Later versions include the jewelry cabinet described in U.S. Pat. No. 930,702 to Pichowicz and a jewelry caddy in U.S. Pat. No. 3,997,050 to C. W. Patterson.
None of these prior art devices nor any of the other devices on the market satisfy the need of the person, male or female, with an average collection of costume jewelry. Many persons have jewelry chosen to fit and go with a particular outfit. Typically, this jewelry does not contain precious gems, but does vary in cost from inexpensive costume jewelry to the more unique pieces having artwork. The jewelry varies considerably as to the weight, thickness and size of chains with the size, shape and weight of pendants varying considerably. Many of these pendants are constructed of glass, ceramic or other breakable substances. It has been found that no jewelry box or jewelry caddy with any limit on the size will allow the typical jewelry collection to be stored and separated. Changing styles in costume jewelry will shortly make any jewelry box outmoded. The above described jewelry holders cannot adjust to different quantities and kinds of jewelry and further use up a significant amount of the top of the dresser space. Further, none of the prior art devices allow for interchange of the size and number of the posts and hooks to hold the jewelry. The above described prior art does not satisfy the objects of this invention provided herebelow.
It is an object of this invention to provide a jewelry holder which accommodates and holds chains, necklaces, finger rings and bracelets in varying size and number.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a variable accommodations for chains and the like of varying sizes and weight.
It is a further object of this invention to provide capability of substituting various size and shape hooks and posts to accommodate different kinds and styles of jewelry.
It is an additional object of this invention to avoid the use of any space on the top of dresser or cabinet in the bedroom.
It is a further object to provide a jewelry holder that does not detract but rather adds to the decor of the room.
It is an additional object of this invention to provide a capability that each individual chain or like item may be stored individually for ready removal without interfering with storage on adjacent hooks or posts.
It is a particular object of this invention to provide the capability of adjusting the space between the adjacent hooks or posts holding the chain or like item.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a jewelry holder which not only provides for hanging of chains or like jewelry, but also provides for storage for solid ring bracelets, finger rings and earrings, also separated and held in separate accommodations.
My invention, as described hereinbelow, satisfies these and other objects which will be apparent to the reader of this disclosure.


A thrust reverser system for a gas turbine engine includes a support structure, a transcowl, an actuator, and a hydraulic assist mechanism. The actuator is configured to supply an actuation force to the transcowl to thereby move the transcowl between the stowed and deployed positions. The hydraulic assist mechanism is coupled to the transcowl and is configured to react reverse thrust loads on the transcowl at least when the transcowl is translating between the stowed position and the deployed position.

When turbine-powered aircraft land, the wheel brakes and the imposed aerodynamic drag loads (e.g., flaps, spoilers, etc.) of the aircraft may not be sufficient to achieve the desired stopping distance. Thus, the engines on most turbine-powered aircraft include thrust reversers. Thrust reversers enhance the stopping power of the aircraft by redirecting the engine exhaust airflow in order to generate reverse thrust. When stowed, the thrust reverser typically forms a portion the engine nacelle and forward thrust nozzle. When deployed, the thrust reverser typically redirects at least a portion of the airflow (from the fan and/or engine exhaust) forward and radially outward, to help decelerate the aircraft.
Various thrust reverser designs are commonly known, and the particular design utilized depends, at least in part, on the engine manufacturer, the engine configuration, and the propulsion technology being used. Thrust reverser designs used most prominently with turbofan engines fall into two general categories: (1) fan flow thrust reversers, and (2) mixed flow thrust reversers. Fan flow thrust reversers affect only the bypass airflow discharged from the engine fan. Whereas, mixed flow thrust reversers affect both the fan airflow and the airflow discharged from the engine core (core airflow).
Fan flow thrust reversers are typically used on relatively high-bypass ratio turbofan engines. Fan flow thrust reversers include so-called "Cascade-type" or "Translating Cowl-type" thrust reversers. Fan flow thrust reversers are generally positioned circumferentially around the engine core aft of the engine fan and, when deployed, redirect fan bypass airflow through a plurality of cascade vanes disposed within an aperture of a reverse flow path. Typically, fan flow thrust reverser designs include one or more translating sleeves or cowls ("transcowls") that, when deployed, open an aperture, expose cascade vanes, and create a reverse flow path. Fan flow reversers may also include so-called pivot doors or blocker doors which, when deployed, rotate to block the forward thrust flow path.
In contrast, mixed flow thrust reversers are typically used with relatively low-bypass ratio turbofan engines. Mixed flow thrust reversers typically include so-called "Target-type," "Bucket-type," and "Clamshell Door-type" thrust reversers. These types of thrust reversers typically use two or more pivoting doors that rotate, simultaneously opening a reverse flow path through an aperture and blocking the forward thrust flow path. However, a transcowl type thrust reverser could also be configured for use in a mixed flow application. Regardless of type, mixed flow thrust reversers are necessarily located aft or downstream of the engine fan and core, and often form the aft part of the engine nacelle.
Transcowl type thrust reversers transition from the forward thrust state to the reverse thrust state by translating the transcowl aft so as to open a reverse thrust aperture, and simultaneously rotating a set of doors so as to obstruct the forward thrust nozzle. The actuation system must, therefore, manage both resisting and aiding loads. In some cases, the aiding loads are much higher than the resisting loads. Moreover, the static loads incurred at the deploy stop when the engine powers up can be even greater. This burden can increase the power demand and structural design requirements.
Hence there is a need for a thrust reverser actuation system configuration that will simultaneously provide a light-weight solution and a clean airstream, while continuing to provide load paths used to react aerodynamic loads. The present invention addresses at least this need.

Aircraft thrust reverser system with hydraulic assist device


An ink jet recording apparatus includes a recording head for recording on a recording medium with the discharge of ink; a cap for covering a face of a recording head formed with a discharge port for discharging ink, the cap having an ink flow path with an ink suction port on an interior side thereof, and an ink exhaust port communicating with the ink suction port and located on the other side opposite to the ink suction port, the ink exhaust port of the ink flow path having an area smaller than that of the ink suction port; an ink absorbing member disposed within the cap, the ink absorbing member covering a part of the ink suction port, and maintaining the remaining part thereof open; and a suction device for exerting a suction force on the inside of the cap, the suction device communicating with the ink exhaust port.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a suction recovery device which is applicable to a printer, a copying machine, facsimile terminal equipment, a typewriter, and a word processor that are generally used as business machines or an ink jet recording apparatus comprising complex equipment. This invention is also especially effective for an electronic typewriter having a word processing feature.
2. Related Background Art
A conventional arrangement of an absorbing member disposed within a cap is typically disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,600,931. With this arrangement, a recording head is protected from drying out due to the heat insulating effect of the cap, because the ink absorbing member, impregnated with ink, is disposed within the cap which caps the recording head. Another arrangement in which an absorbing member is contained within a cap is known in U.S. Pat. No. 4,543,589.
Further, a capping device used in an ink jet recording apparatus is disclosed in British Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2,184,066, which discloses an ink suction port provided on a lower portion within a cap, and an ink absorbing member partially contained within the cap so as to entirely close the ink suction port therein.
Recently, however, recording time has increased, because ornamental characters or graphics are frequently recorded, for example, by a word processor. During such a long recording, the capping of the recording head may be often omitted. Moreover, the present inventor has found the following new problems from an investigation of these recording conditions.
As an ink absorbing ember disposed within a cop is subject to he atmosphere for a long time, it often occurs that the ink absorbed int eh ink absorbing member becomes dry. This drying may cause some amount of an additive contained in the ink, such as color or pigment, to stick to the absorbing member due to the evaporation of water or alcohol in the ink. Thus a new problem occurs that the gas permeability of the ink absorbing member deteriorates, thereby reducing the absorbing capability of the absorbing member.
The present inventor also examined another main method of ink recovery using a predischarge (which is described in detail in GB2169855), wherein the use of an idle suction (which is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,558,332) to suck and remove the ink makes the device more complex, resulting in the need for higher power consumption, or the need for a larger pumping power due to the increased volume of the absorbing member. The present inventor has developed this invention as a result of carrying out various experiments to enhance the ink retention capability of an ink absorbing member as much as possible.

Suction recovery device and ink jet recording apparatus with the device


An x-ray tube (10) of a CT scanner has a rotating anode and rotor combination which is propelled by AC currents applied to run and phase windings (42, 46) by a starter (22). A monitor (24) includes Hall effect current detectors (40, 44) which detect the actual current flowing through the run and phase windings. The detected analog current values, voltage values, and the like are multiplexed (132) and digitized in a preselected order by an analog to digital converter (60) and stored in that order in a FIFO memory (62). A microprocessor (64) performs a Fourier transform (94, 96) to convert the digital run and phase signals into frequency spectra. The run and phase frequency spectra are compared (100, 102, 104, 106) with frequency spectra indicative of rotor speed, bearing wear, anode vibration, failure of the anode to rotate, and other conditions, analyzed for symmetry or other characteristics, or the like (FIG. 5 ) to generate digital run and phase reference signals. An error amplifier (54) controls a pulse width modulator ( 56) or other power amplifier controls in accordance with a deviation between analog reference signals converted from the digital signals by a reference digital to analog converter (66) and the actually sensed run and phase signals (40, 44) to adjust the starter. A direct coupled driver (122) adjusts DC offsets in the drive currents to maintain balance and drive efficiency.

The present invention relates to the art of rotational speed control. It finds particular application in conjunction with controlling the starting and acceleration of rotating anodes in x-ray tubes and will be described with particular reference thereto. However, it is to be appreciated, that the invention may also find application in other fields.
Conventionally, x-ray tubes have a cathode and an anode. The cathode is typically a filament which is heated with a filament current to a sufficient temperature that a cloud of electrons is boiled off. A high x-ray tube voltage or kV is applied between the cathode and anode to cause a flow of the electrons, a tube current, from the cathode to the anode. The electron flow heats the anode to very high temperatures, near its melting point, such that x-rays are generated. To prevent the anode from becoming thermally damaged in high output tubes, the anode is rotated. Commonly, the anode is a disk which is mounted to an inductive rotor. In very high output x-ray tubes, the anode is often 10 or 15 centimeters in diameter. The rotor, its mounting bearings, the anode, and cathode are all sealed within the x-ray tube envelope. Run and phase windings are mounted outside the x-ray tube envelope adjacent the rotor to provide motive rotational forces thereto. In this manner, a non-synchronous type motor is created, which motor is relatively inefficient due to the spacing limitations between the run and phase windings and the rotor imposed by the x-ray tube envelope.
The large anode and relatively high operational speeds tend to cause bearing degradation. Because the bearings are sealed within the x-ray tube envelope, it is important to preserve the bearings for the life of the tube. Accordingly, the rotating anode is commonly rotated at its operating speed for the generation of x-rays and rotated at a slower speed or stopped when no x-rays are being generated. To meet customer demand and to minimize mechanical resonance, the rotor and anode typically accelerate quickly to the operating speed. Typically, an electrical braking force is applied after the x-ray exposure to return the anode more quickly to its idle speed.
Commonly, high speed x-ray tube anode starters use open loop type controls. That is, AC currents of the appropriate phase and frequency to cause rapid acceleration of the rotor are applied to the run and phase windings. In these open loop systems, the laws of electromagnetism are relied upon to assure that the anode actually accelerates as projected.
Other anode starters use closed loop analog circuitry to compare the actual and anticipated rotational speed of the rotor and anode. The speed of the rotor and anode can be determined directly with a tachometer or derived indirectly from the relative phase, frequency, and magnitude of the currents through the run and phase windings. A rotor that is lagging or leading the rotational speed that the phase and frequency of the applied run and phase currents are designed to provide causes measurable alterations in these currents. These measurable differences or analog error signals can control a modulator which in turn controls the AC current pulses applied to the run and phase currents.
Typical prior art rotor speed control circuits are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,829,551 issued May 9, 1989 to Messrs, Resnick, Dupuis, and Szabo and U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 07/489,465 of Rarick. The present invention contemplates a new and improved digital starter speed monitor and control method and apparatus.


Embodiments include apparatuses and systems including a circuit which increases a speed of removal of data stored in a memory cell. In embodiments, the circuit includes a first discharge device coupled to an access transistor of a memory cell and coupled to an output terminal of a charge pump circuit to pull up a first voltage level at the output terminal to ground in response to a signal to accelerate leakage of a first leakage current; and a second discharge device coupled to a voltage generator circuit to pull down a second voltage level at a cell plate node of the memory cell to ground in response to the signal to accelerate leakage of a second leakage current, wherein the cell plate node is coupled to a storage node of the memory cell by a capacitor. Other embodiments may also be described and claimed.

The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims in the present disclosure and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Volatile memory devices, such as for example, Random Access Memory (RAM) including Dynamic RAM ("DRAM") are generally considered to be secure because it is believed that their memories are erased immediately upon losing power. At normal operating temperatures, however, DRAM memory may take up to a few seconds after power is lost to dissipate, while at lower temperatures data can remain for minutes or even hours. This delay can leave the device vulnerable to a variety of attacks. For example, a cold-boot attack can occur when an attacker has physical access to a machine while a security key remains in main memory. The security key can be extracted from memory, defeating extensive security measures, such as for example, full-disk encryption. Software changes and/or hardware changes to avoid these security vulnerabilities may require significant time and expense to implement.

Apparatuses, methods, and systems for increasing a speed of removal of data from a memory cell


Data detection capability is improved by whitening crosstalk noise from an equalization signal and detecting binary data. Each of a plurality of detection signals is input to one of a plurality of adaptive equalizers, and outputs of the plurality of adaptive equalizers are computed to obtain an equalization signal for returning light at the time of shining of light onto bounds including a target track subject to data detection and adjacent tracks of an optical recording medium having a plurality of tracks formed thereon. Crosstalk noise from the adjacent tracks included in the equalization signal obtained by this multi-input adaptive equalization process is whitened first, followed by a binarization process. Also, an equalization error is found, and supplied as a control signal for adaptive equalization. Further, a whitening factor updating process is also performed to adaptively update a filter factor of a whitening filter.

In the case of partial response (PR) equalization of a playback signal from an optical disc and so on as described in PTL 1, noise is also emphasized. NPML (Noise Predictive Maximum Likelihood) is known to improve detection capability by whitening emphasized noise.
Also, if a track pitch is narrowed to increase optical disc density, crosstalk from adjacent tracks will increase. For example, PTL 2 describes a crosstalk canceller that supplies respective playback signals of a target track to be played and tracks on both sides thereof to an adaptive equalizer so as to control a tap factor of the adaptive equalizer.

Data detection device, playback device, and data detection method


A post-mix beverage dispenser comprising: a sub-system for making and dispensing a chilled, carbonated beverage from syrup concentrate; a sub-system for making and dispensing a chilled, still beverage from flavor concentrate; and a sub-system for making and dispensing a hot beverage from either concentrate or powder. Each of the concentrates for the respective sub-systems are provided in bag-in-box supply packages of a conventional type. Also included are two carbonator designs for operating under zero gravity conditions without forming a gaseous phase within the carbonator tanks thereof. The first of these unique carbonators is a batch carbonator and the second is a continuous carbonator.. The batch carbonator includes an outer rigid shell and an accordian-type inner container which contracts or expands when fluids are dispensed or introduced. The continuous carbonator has a rotary agitator including a plurality of radial vanes in a carbonation chamber which includes an outer toroidal-shaped chamber and an inner cylindrical chamber.

The present invention relates to a post-mix beverage dispenser system suitable for use in outer space in the controlled environment of a space station. More specifically, the present invention relates to a post-mix beverage dispenser system capable of producing cold, carbonated beverages; chilled, citrus-flavored, still beverages, and hot beverages such as coffee, tea and cocoa.
The operation of a post-mix beverage dispenser in outer space presents some unique problems which are not encountered on earth. Most significant is the absence of gravity because under zero gravity conditions there is no natural separation of gaseous and liquid phases within containers, such as carbonators or drinking cups. Therefore, there is no headspace formed within these containers from air or carbon dioxide as there would be on earth. In addition, these containers in the controlled environment of a space station or the like in outer space, are often subjected to temperatures in excess of 100.degree. F. (37.8.degree. C.) and they must be able to withstand lift-off and landing conditions of space carft. Furthermore, it is imperative in the environment of a space station to control the pressure of carbonated beverages so that they do not exceed two to three p.s.i. in order to assure comfortable beverage consumption by astronauts. Accordingly, a need in the art exists for a post-mix beverage dispenser system which operates satisfactorily under the above unique conditions and any other conditions which may be encountered in the controlled environment of a space station.

Beverage dispenser system suitable for use in outer space


An image forming apparatus of this invention is provided with a conveying guide that is curved in the direction reverse to the curved shape of a nip portion of a fixing unit in order for leading sheet paper that is vertically conveyed at the time of fixing in the horizontal direction and the top of the curved portion of the conveying guide is constructed with a guide belt. The contacting force of the curl correction unit with the guide belt of the curl correction unit is adjusted according to amount of curl of sheet paper produced at the time of fixing and corrects the curve of sheet paper properly.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an image forming apparatus that corrects curl produced on a sheet paper when forming a toner image on the sheet paper.
2. Description of the Related Art
In an electro-photographic image forming apparatus such as a copying machine, a printer and the like, a fixing unit that fixes a toner image formed on a sheet paper by conveying a sheet paper, heating and pressurizing a toner image formed thereon with a pair of fixing rollers is widely used. In this fixing unit, to supply sufficient heat to a toner image, a prescribed nip is formed between the fixing rollers and a satisfactory fixing is obtained by supplying a sheet paper through this nip.
However, after fixing a toner imager, a sheet paper may be curled along the nip shape of the fixing rollers and when tried to discharge a curled sheet paper, it can be bent for defective paper discharge or a sheet paper discharged preceding may disturb the discharge of a succeeding sheet paper. For correcting such curling of a sheet paper, a curl correction unit that controls the pressing force of a pressing roller to press a sheet paper against a belt by a cam is disclosed in Japanese Patent Disclosure No. 6-144679. In addition, an image forming apparatus with two curl correction means arranged at the downstream of a fixing means to correct curl properly according to the direction of curl of recording media is disclosed in Japanese Patent Disclosure No. 2003-66744.
However, both of the above-mentioned curl correction unit and the curl correction means are for correcting sheet paper curl while sheet paper is conveyed linearly and a long path is required.
On the other hand, the downsizing of an image forming apparatus is demanded in recent years in spite of such high function as correspondence to high speed color image forming. Therefore, in order to make the sheet paper conveying distance short, an apparatus to transfer and fix a toner image while conveying sheet paper supplied from a lower paper supply cassette in the vertical direction and then, discharge the sheet paper by guiding in the horizontal direction is developed. In such a small size apparatus, a space for discharge sheet paper conveyed in the vertical direction to the horizontal direction is limited. Therefore, the downsizing is demanded for a curl correction unit for correcting the curl of sheet paper after fixing and its installing space is restricted.
Accordingly, an image forming apparatus that is small in size and can be arranged in a limited space but is capable of properly correcting the curl produced on sheet paper when fixing an image and achieving a satisfactory conveying and discharging sheet paper is demanded.


A set of interlaminar clamps of specific and improved shapes provides a better fit to clamp together any two adjacent cervical laminae in the range from C1 to C7. These clamps are called Moskovich clamps, and their distinctive shapes are called Moskovich Curves. A method is also presented to manufacture similar cervical clamps for improved fit to clamp together any two adjacent cervical laminae throughout the entire back. This method is called the Moskovich Method. Morphometric data was taken for a large number of C1 through C7 laminae. Average shapes were then computed from this data for the C1 through C7 laminae. A small number of clamp shapes were then calculated that would fit these average cervical shapes. It was found that only a small number of clamp shapes were needed for clamps for the C1 through C7 range, and that these clamp shapes were different from what was available on the market in the prior art clamps. This method can be used to calculate average cervical shapes for all the cervical laminae of the back. Also, the method can be used to calculate average body part shapes for any body part, and to make better fitting surgical implants to be attached to or placed in contact with that body part.

A number of surgical techniques exist for posterior cervical arthrodesis. Onlay bone grafting and posterior wiring techniques (with or without bone blocks) are currently the most important surgical techniques in this area. These techniques have been supplemented recently by transfacet screw fixation and interlaminar clamp arthrodesis. The interlaminar clamp technique for posterior arthrodesis may prove to be superior to wiring techniques and simpler to perform than screw fixation methods, but the interlaminar clamp technique requires some improvement.
Interlaminar clamp fixation of the cervical spine has been in clinical use for approximately the past decade. Use of interlaminar clamp fixation has proven effective in achieving a satisfactory rate of posterior cervical fusion. There is, however, an incidence on non-union and loosening of the clamp fixation device.
The prior art interlaminar clamp is called a Halifax clamp, and is basically a variation of the common C clamp. FIG. 19 shows two views of a prior art Halifax clamp. The clamp has two opposing parts, each approximately in the shape of a "C", and made out of bent pieces of flat metal bars. The upper C-shaped part 1 and the lower C-shaped part 2 are fastened together at one end by a screw 3, which screw 3 is screwed to tightened the clamp. The current design of these prior art clamps is somewhat restricted in that there is a limited variety of clamp sizes and shapes available, which causes incidents of inaccurate fit of the clamps to the laminae. This poor fit problem may result in residual rotatory motion at the operated cervical segment, causing loosening of the clamp and possible disengagement of the clamp from the laminae.
The object of the present invention is to provide a set of new improved interlaminar cervical clamps that provide superior fit and hence do not loosen, and to provide a method to manufacture such clamps. Furthermore, it is an object of this invention to provide a general method of manufacturing better fitting surgical implants of all types.

Moskovich clamps for interlaminar cervical fixation


A hair tinting shampoo in an aqueous medium having good lathering properties, excellent color adsorptive capacity and outstanding skin compatibility contains at least one direct, semi-permanent hair dye and at least one anionic surfactant comprising at least 25% by wt., calculated to the total quantity of the anionic surfactant, of an alkyl amidoether carboxylic acid of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein R denotes an alkyl group from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and n is a number between 1 and 10, and (or) water-soluble salts thereof.

This invention comprises a liquid tinting shampoo in an aqueous medium providing good lathering properties when used with water, rendering the hair soft and pliable and giving it a long lasting lustrous hair color.
According to the invention, this problem is solved by preparing a shampoo in an aqueous medium, which contains at least one direct hair dye and at least one anionic surfactant, characterized in that the anionic surfactant comprises at least 25% by wt., calculated to the total anionic surfactant composition, of an alkyl amidoether carboxylic acid of formula I ##STR2## wherein R denotes an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and n is a number between 1 and 10, and/or the water-soluble salts thereof.
R preferably represents an alkyl group from 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and n is a number from 2.5 to 5, particularly 3 to 4.
The anionic surfactant preferably consists of about 30% to 50% by wt. of the alkyl amidoether carboxylic acid according to formula I. Suitable water-soluble salts thereof are particularly ammonium salts and alkali salts such as the sodium or potassium salt; amine salts, too, are suitable.
So-called tinting shampoos have been known and are on the market since a long time. They normally contain anionic surfactants, particularly alkyl sulfates and alkyl ether sulfates, and at least one direct, i.e. semi-permanent, hair dye in an aqueous medium.
While these shampoos present good lathering properties, the intensity of the hair coloration achieved thereby very often is not satisfactory; and also the skin mildness when using these shampoos is not optimal.
Attempts have been made to overcome these disadvantages by using other anionic surfactants, e.g., sulfosuccinates or polyether carboxylic acids and the water-soluble salts thereof, however, this has not led to optimal coloring results either.

Hair tinting shampoo which contains a direct dye and an anionic surfactant


Vitamin/mineral nutritional mixture in the form of a dry powder soluble in water.

Vitamins and minerals are universally recognized as components necessary to a healthy body. Generally, it has been the position of the American Medical Association (AMA) that the necessary vitamins and minerals are components of the normal food eaten by people all over the world, and that any supplemental intake of vitamins and/or minerals is unnecessary except in instances of poorly fed people, whether by reason of unavailability of a variety of food stuffs or by reason of a person deliberately refusing to eat well-balanced meals. In any event, there has become available to the public many varieties and recipes for vitamins and minerals to supplement a person's daily intake of food. Generally, these recipes have been compounded into pills such that each pill contains a daily amount of all components in the recipe. There has been developed and issued a listing of all normally used vitamins and minerals with a recommended daily amount for persons in the U.S.A. (known as U.S.R.D.A.). This has become a standard against which other recipes are measured.
It has been generally accepted by AMA that vitamins do not harm the body, if taken in amounts greater than the USRDA amounts, and that any excess vitamins in the body are not accumulated in the body, but are passed through the body waste to the outside. Many persons have declared that excess vitamins in many specific instances are beneficial to the body, and accordingly special recipes have been marketed to serve a variety of purposes, e.g., to relieve stress, to minimize fatigue, to produce extra energy, to induce restfullness, to minimize plaque deposits in the blood stream, to neutralize free radicals in the system, to enhance nerve activity, etc. Linus Pauling, several years ago, led a campaign to partake of large quantities of Vitamin C to function as an oxidizer, which is now understood to mean that Vitamin C neutralized free radicals that otherwise would be detrimental to the health of the individual. Pauling attributed his long life to the use of high doses of Vitamin C. Other research workers have produced other recipes which are alleged to provide other benefits all of which lead to a more healthy body. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No.5,405,613 to Rowland who suggests a mixture of vitamins, minerals and an esoteric composition from the Far East named "Shilajit", which was a folk remedy for various disorders. U.S. Pat. No. 5,308,627 discloses a nutritional supplement said to treat cellular deficiencies. Other patent disclosures are said to minimize the harmful effects of arteriosclerosis. None of these recipes, however, are designed specifically to be taken as a drink to energize the body with a healthful nutrition.
It is an object of this invention to provide a novel health drink of vitamins and minerals. It is another object of this invention to provide a recipe for vitamins and minerals that includes excess amounts of the components as compared to most compositions available today. Still other objects will appear from the more detailed description which appears below.