In an image forming apparatus of an image forming system, a judging section judges, based on identification information included in print job data, whether a display apparatus corresponding to the print job data is a specific display apparatus. Based on a judgment result of the judging section, an image formation control section controls image forming operation of an image forming section. When it is judged by the judging section as being the specific display apparatus, this image formation control section suspends the image forming operation by the image forming section once. Further, when it is judged by the judging section as not being the specific display apparatus, the image formation control section causes the image forming operation by the image forming section to be executed promptly.

1. Field of the Technology
The present technology relates to an image forming system for forming an image based on image data displayed on a display apparatus by an image forming apparatus, an image forming apparatus, and a display apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
As an information device for displaying and explaining various information for a plurality of viewers at meetings, business presentations, education, training and the like, a display apparatus such as an information display (IDP) is used. This IDP is often configured to have a large screen and further to have a coordinate input section such as a touch panel and a display section such as a liquid crystal display integrated.
This IDP is able to display image data on the display section, and is able to edit, with respect to an image displayed on the display section, the displayed image in real time such as by inputting handwritten characters using a touch panel.
The IDP is often used in a conference hall or a presentation hall as described above, and image data that has been edited on the display section is often printed and distributed to viewers as materials after explanation based on the image data displayed on the display section is finished as well. In such a case, a display apparatus that is the IDP and an image forming apparatus for printing the image data are connected so as to allow data communication, which are configured as an image forming system.
In such an image forming system, print job data including image data is transmitted from the display apparatus such as the IDP, and the image forming apparatus that has received the transmitted print job data forms an image based on the image data included in the print job data on a recording medium such as recording paper by heating and pressing with an electrophotographic system.
As to the image forming apparatus constituting the image forming system, an image forming apparatus capable of switching a power-saving state and an image formation enabled state to reduce power consumption has been proposed. In the image forming apparatus capable of switching a state, the power-saving state is set during a standby period of image forming operation that print job data is not received from a display apparatus such as an IDP, and when print job data is received from the display apparatus, the power-saving state is cancelled and the image formation enabled state is set.
In the image forming system including the image forming apparatus as described above, in a case where print job data is received from the display apparatus in the power-saving state, each time print job data is received, returning operation for cancelling the power-saving state to switch to the image formation enabled state (that is, heating operation) becomes necessary, so that power required for the returning operation becomes wasted.
Technologies for solving such a problem are disclosed, for example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications JP-A 2011-173323 and JP-A 2010-125616. According to image forming systems disclosed in JP-A 2011-173323 and JP-A 2010-125616, when receiving print job data from a display apparatus in the power-saving state, an image forming apparatus temporarily stores the print job data in a storage section and suspends image forming operation once to collectively execute the image forming operation corresponding to a plurality of print job data stored in the storage section at a time. Thereby, the number of times of the returning operation for cancelling the power-saving state to switch to the image formation enabled state is reduced, and it is possible to suppress wasteful power consumption accordingly.
However, in the image forming systems disclosed in JP-A 2011-173323 and JP-A 2010-125616, since it is configured such that the image forming apparatus, when receiving print job data from the display apparatus, temporarily stores the print job data in the storage section and suspends the image forming operation once, there is a problem that, in a case where the image forming apparatus is shared by a plurality of display apparatuses, for example, even when the image forming apparatus receives print job data that is desired to be printed immediately from other display apparatus than the IDP, the image forming operation is suspended.

Image forming system, image forming apparatus, and display apparatus


A filter septum is constructed with a stainless steel sheet microscreen element which has uniformly distributed apertures through which a liquid to be filtered is passed from an inlet side to an exit side of the element. The apertures are preferably tapered from a larger diameter at the inlet side to a smaller diameter at the exit side of the microscreen element. A supporting metal base plate having rows of uniformly distributed holes which are larger then the apertures is brazed to the microscreen element bonding the exit side of the microscreen element to the inlet side of the base plate. Preferably the inlet side of the microscreen element is Teflon.RTM. coated.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to filtration systems. More particularly, this invention relates to a filter septum through which liquid to be filtered is passed and the method of manufacturing this filter septum.
2. State of the Art
The state of the prior art is accurately set forth in detail in a technical paper, of which I am a coauthor, entitled "MICROSCREEN FILTRATION OF METALWORKING FLUIDS" presented and published in March 1993 by the Society of Manufacturing Engineers. In this paper the term "microscreen" is defined as a thin metallic sheet with small, uniform apertures or holes throughout. This definition eliminates screens constructed of wire, plastic or synthetic fiber. The advantages of microscreen septums are also presented, centering around higher flux rates made possible by the ability to make the septum aperture smaller, more closely spaced, and more accurately defined by utilizing an electrochemical process in the manufacture of the microscreen. This microscreen is an essential part of the present invention.
As also presented in the above-mentioned paper, the difficulty utilizing the advantages of microscreen lies in the fabrication of the filter septum utilizing microscreen. Before the present invention, the most successful use of microscreen has been in placing the microscreen over the outside of a drum of perforated plate by wrapping and clamping the microscreen in position. The difficulties encountered in using only mechanical clamping to secure the microscreen to a perforated substrate or base plate are obvious even in the more successful use in drums and cylinders where often doctor blades are used for scraping and cleaning or pressure swings are used for backflow regeneration. With planar septum configurations the problems can be exasperated.


An epoxy resin composition in a liquid or solid state having excellent solubility and having high preservation stability. A modified epoxy resin composition including: Compound A containing tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-isocyanurate having 1 to 3 glycidyl group(s) in a molecule substituted with a functional group(s) of Formula (1):

Crystalline epoxy resins are used in fields that require reliable heat resistance, such as an electric/electronic field, because they commonly have rigid main chain backbones and are polyfunctional, and thus they are highly heat resistant.
However, only liquid compositions can work for certain uses such as cast molding, and thus crystalline epoxy resins are predominantly used for uses of solid materials, such as a transfer molding.
Also, epoxy resins used for liquid molding, such as cast molding, are liquid epoxy resins, which do not satisfy strict demands for improvements of curing characteristics, such as heat resistance, in recent fields of adhesion, cast molding, sealing, molding, lamination, and the like. Therefore, a demand for liquefaction of crystalline polyfunctional epoxy resins that give curing characteristics having high heat resistance has been raised. Meanwhile, a demand for stability of cured products in short wavelength regions, corresponding to white LEDs and blue LEDs, has also been raised.
Patent Document 1 describes a modified liquid epoxy resin obtained by reacting a crystalline epoxy resin with a compound that has two or more phenolic hydroxy groups and/or carboxy groups in a molecule and a compound that has one phenolic hydroxy group and/or one carboxy group in a molecule.
Patent Document 2 describes a method for manufacturing a liquid epoxy resin composition that is flowable in a room temperature, in which a mixture containing a crystalline epoxy resin and a liquid acid anhydride curing agent is melted and mixed for 10 minutes or longer at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the epoxy resin to react the mixture to obtain a non-crystalline epoxy resin.
Patent Document 3 describes a tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-isocyanurate composition that is liquid at a room temperature, composed of: 100 parts by weight of the low melting point-type stereoisomer of tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-isocyanurate having a melting point of 98° C. to 107° C. and an epoxy value of 9.9 or more; and certain parts by weight of a curing agent, in which a ratio of a carboxylic anhydride to one epoxy group in a total epoxy resin is 0.5 to 1.5.
Patent Document 4 describes a method for preventing crystallization, which is for preventing solidification by recrystallization of a liquid composition containing a trivalent epoxy compound having a triazine nucleus as its backbone and an acid anhydride curing agent, characterized in that a moisture percentage in the composition is kept at 0.5% by weight or less.
Patent Document 5 describes a liquid epoxy resin composition in which a crystalline tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-isocyanurate having high solubility is reacted with an acid anhydride such as acetic anhydride. However, a manufacturing method of the tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-isocyanurate containing only α crystals, and not containing β crystals having low solubility is not described at all. In addition, in order to manufacture the tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-isocyanurate containing only α crystals, and not containing β crystals, recrystallization needs to be repeated to remove β crystals, which results in low recovery, and thus this is not preferable as an industrial manufacturing method.

Highly soluble modified epoxy resin composition

Abstract: in which R1 and R2 are each independently an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a heterocyclic group; or a halogenated derivative, an aminated derivative, or a nitrated derivative of these groups; and Compound B containing tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-isocyanurate, wherein tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-isocyanurate of Compound A before the substitution and tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-isocyanurate of Compound B comprise 2% by mass to 15% by mass of β-type tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-isocyanurate and a remaining percentage of α-type tris-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-isocyanurate based on a total mass of Compound A before the substitution and Compound B.


A system is disclosed for stowing a sail of a sail boat. The system may include a furling stick, and ribs extending therefrom, for gathering the sail upon lowering of the sail. The system may further include leech sticks mounted on the sail for defining segments at which the sail folds upon stowing of the sail against the furling stick.

The sail furling sticks system is designed for furling and stowing of a sailboat's mainsail on the boom. Sail furling sticks are used in lieu of other main sail stowing systems that are available such as: Lazy Jacks, Stack-packs, Dutchman, In-Mast or In-Boom stow systems. The design and use of the sail furling sticks does not compromise or interfere with the design or use (such as hoisting, setting or shaping) of the mainsail.


A resilient rear suspension for graders for creating an impedance mismatched to attenuate the noise transmitted from the drive gears to the operator's compartment. A resilient elastomeric material is interposed between the axle housing and the suspension trunnion attached to the vehicle. The rear suspension further employs a backing ring to increase fore, aft and lateral stability of the axle with respect to the vehicle frame.

This invention relates in general to vehicles and, in particular, to a vehicle suspension.
More specifically, but without restriction to the particular use which is shown and described, this invention relates to a resilient rear suspension in the rear-axle-to frame joint of a vehicle to attenuate the structural borne noise transmitted to the operator's compartment from the drive gears. The resillient rear suspension of the invention further provides vertical, fore and aft, and lateral stability to improve operation of the vehicle.
In the operation of construction and industrial machinery, such as, for example, conventional road graders, known equipment has subjected the operator to high levels of noise which is transmitted to a large extent from the drive gears of the vehicle to the operator's compartment. Maximum noise occurs generally when the machine is driven or roaded in high gear, often subjecting the operator to discomfort and potential interefrence with his effective operation of the vehicle. Federal regulations now specify stringent exposure levels of noise which are acceptable in the operator's compartment during operation of construction equipment. In the prior art a conventional grader employes a rear axle which is rigidly mounted to the vehicle frame through trunnions that transmit noise from the drive gears to the operator's compartment. A high level of noise transmission from the drive gears to the frame in prior graders is attributable to the rear suspension employing a rigid axle mount with metal to metal contact. This conventional suspension technique thus transmits noise to the operator's cab without significant isolation.


A mixing element for a static mixer for installation into a tubular mixer housing has a longitudinal axis along which at least one first and one second installation body are arranged behind one another. An inlet element is provided which is arranged upstream of the first installation body, wherein the inlet element and the first installation body are connected to one another via a connection element. The inlet element has a body which can be sealingly taken up at the peripheral side in the mixer housing. The body has a first inlet passage and a second inlet passage, wherein the first inlet passage has a first entry opening and a first exit opening, wherein the second inlet passage has a second entry opening and a second exit opening so that the corresponding component can be conducted through the corresponding inlet passage.

The invention relates to a mixing element for a static mixer of plastic including an installation body for installation into a tubular mixer housing. Such a mixer as well as the associated mixer housing can be connected to the outlets of a multicomponent cartridge as in WO 2008/113196 A1 and can in their totality represents a cartridge arrangement as is shown in FIG. 2 of WO 2008/113196 A1.
The mixing element, in particular its installation body, has a longitudinal axis which is aligned in the direction of a fluid flowing into the installation body so that a mixing space can be spanned by the installation body in the inner space of the mixer housing. The mixing space has a cross-sectional flow area in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis which essentially corresponds to the cross-sectional flow area of the tubular mixer housing. The installation body includes a wall element for the division and/or deflection of the fluid flow into a direction deviating from the longitudinal axis.
Such a static mixer is, for example, known from EP 1 426 099 B1. In this static mixer, two components are mixed with one another by means of a plurality of mixing elements of the same type in a three-part mixing process in which the material is first divided, then spread and displaced. This mixing process has to be carried out several times depending on the physical properties of the components. For this reason, the static mixer contains a plurality of installation bodies of the same construction arranged behind one another. These mixers are in particular used for the mixing of small quantities of the components, that is a few milliliters up to approximately 1,000 milliliters. Accordingly, these mixers have a mixing space with a diameter of less than 16 mm with a length of more than 50 mm. This has the consequence that the wall thicknesses of the wall elements of this mixer can amount to less than 1 mm, often even less than 0.5 mm.
Such a static mixer in accordance with EP 1 426 099 B1 of plastic is preferably manufactured in an injection molding process. The manufacture of a mixer of 30 mm length with a wall thickness of less than 3 mm using the injection molding process, as shown in FIG. 1 of this patent, was previously not possible since the flow path from the injection point of the injection molding tool up to the oppositely disposed end of the mixer would require internal tool pressures which are too high. To be able to manufacture a static mixer having such small wall thicknesses economically in the injection molding process, each installation body is connected to the adjacent installation body via bar elements. These bar elements allow the polymer melt in the injection molding tool to move from one installation body to an adjacent installation body and to maintain the inner tool pressures below 1000 bar so that a failure of the injection molding tool can be prevented. It must be noted that an inlet element is interposed before the installation bodies. The inlet element contains the two inlet passages which introduce the components from the cartridge outlets into the mixer housing. The mixing element contains installation bodies. The components are deflected, divided and recombined by the installation bodies, whereby a mixing of the components takes place. The components are thus present as a uniformly mixed filler material at the outlet end.
The mixer of WO 2008/113196 A1 has a configuration in accordance with which a lead of one component is prevented in that a constriction is provided in the flow passage, that is a restriction effect is deliberately installed. FIG. 13 of WO 2008/113196 A1 shows that a bar element is provided for this purpose in the inlet region of the mixer adjoining its inlet passage, said bar element forming a flow obstruction and providing the deflection of the flow around this bar element. The component flowing at the left side thus has a longer flow path imposed on it than the component flowing at the right side. In accordance with another embodiment which is shown in EP 0 885 651, a separation bar is provided over each of the two inlet openings. This separation bar is flowed around by the component flowing through the corresponding inlet opening. The volume flows of the two components also differ in this embodiment. The first component having the larger volume flow is guided adjoining the separation bar by bar elements parallel to the outer surface of the adapter element in the direction of the inlet opening of the second component. The second component which has a smaller volume flow is taken up by the first component and brought into contract even before the entry into the mixing element. This means that the first component having the larger volume flow reaches the mixer with a delay in relation to the second component, that is its flow is delayed by an additional path length.
In the document EP 0 723 807 A2, a variant is shown in accordance with which the inlet chambers have different volumes when the components are present in a mixing ratio not equal to 1:1. These inlet chambers take up the components conveyed from the cartridge before they enter into the mixing element. The inlet chamber of the first component which forms the larger volume flow has a larger volume than the inlet chamber of the second component which forms the smaller volume flow. When the first component thus moves into the inlet chamber, the inlet chamber is first completely filled before the component reaches the first mixing element of the static mixer. The second component simultaneously flows through the second inlet chamber which has a substantially smaller volume. The volume ratio can thus be set such that the first component and the second component reach the first mixing element simultaneously.
The component which has a higher volume share is also dammed in accordance with EP 0 584 428. The flow path is interrupted by a plate at the inlet of the static mixer for this purpose. A slit-like opening is provided in this plate through which the components which have filled up the reservoir space disposed in front of it move into the static mixer. A lead of the component having the larger volume flow is hereby suppressed.
It can thus be said in a generalizing manner that the volumes which are located between the cartridge and the mixer should be adapted to the corresponding mixing ratios in order to be given as little a lead as possible to avoid material being obtained mixed in an unusable manner. The first approach is therefore to adapt the cross-sectional areas of the feed lines in accordance with the desired mixing ratio. If, however, very different mixing ratios are present, the cross-sectional area for the component having the smaller volume flow can, however, no longer be manufactured. An additional volume, for example an inlet chamber as described in EP 0 723 807 A2 or a chamber at the inlet end of the mixing element as described in EP 0 584 428 A1, is therefore provided to the component having the larger volume flow.


A magnetic or optical disk apparatus having a flexible disk rotated at high speed and head sliders for reading and writing information on the disk, floating from both sides of the disk. The disk apparatus is also provided with straightening plates for keeping air flow in the radial direction of the disk as a laminar flow to surely prevent the disk from being vibrated at the time when the disk is rotated at high speed. As the result, positions of the head sliders relative to the disk can be surely and accurately maintained to provide heads with excellent recording and reproducing characteristics. Mass storage and high speed access can be thus achieved without damaging the flexible disk and the disk apparatus can be smaller-sized with lighter weight and lower cost.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an information storing disk apparatus and more particularly, a magnetic or optical disk apparatus intended to use a flexible information storing disk.
2. Description of the Related Art
It has been asked these days that the magnetic disk apparatus can achieve mass storage and high speed access and be smaller-sized with lighter weight and lower cost.
The hard disk apparatus is well-known as being characteristic of mass storage and high speed access. In the case of this hard disk apparatus, however, the inertia of its hard disk medium is quite large. The spindle motor for rotating this hard disk medium becomes therefore extremely large in size and its rising time is long accordingly. Further, the hard disk apparatus usually uses floating head sliders and the hard disk medium is rigid. If magnetic heads of the head sliders strike against the hard disk medium, therefore, impact applied to the magnetic heads is quite large. In addition, the hard disk medium is comparatively high in its manufacturing cost.
Although the hard disk apparatus is characteristic of its mass storage and high speed access, it was difficult to make the device small in size and low in cost.
On the other hand, the floppy disk apparatus is well known as being small in size, light in weight and low in cost. It has been variously tried that the flexible magnetic disk for the floppy disk apparatus is rotated at high speed to achieve mass storage and high speed access as well as to make the device small in size and low in cost. However, the floppy disk apparatus is intended to read and write signals on and from the disk, keeping the magnetic head contacted with the flexible disk. When the flexible disk is rotated at high speed, therefore, the disk is remarkably damaged and the wearing of the disk is quite notable.
It was therefore difficult for the floppy disk apparatus to achieve mass storage and high speed access as well as to be made small in size, light in weight and low in cost.
In the case of the floppy disk apparatus intended to use the flexible disk, the position of the magnetic head relative to the disk must be accurately held to achieve mass storage and the like. The flexible disk can seemingly keep its flatness due to centrifugal force at the time of its high speed rotation. This enables the position of the magnetic head to be almost accurately kept relative to the disk. However, it is not assured that the flexible disk can always keep its flatness not to vibrate at the time of its high speed rotation.
This asked the following means to be conventionally employed to prevent the vibration of the disk. As disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,419,704 and others, only one fixed Bernoulli is arranged to face the one surface of the disk with an extremely small clearance (or 100 .mu.m, for example) interposed between the plate and the disk. Very little air flow is thus created between the Bernoulli plate and the disk at the time when the disk is rotated at high speed, so that this air flow can support the disk with a certain pressure to prevent the vibration of the disk. However, the disk contacts the Bernoulli plate at the time of its speed rotation. This causes the disk to be damaged and remarkably worn by the Bernoulli plate at the time when the disk is started and stopped.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,661,875 and others disclose another Bernoulli plate separated from the disk by an extremely small distance (or 100 .mu.m, for example) and rotated together with the disk. In this case, too, the centrifugal force makes it possible to create very little air flow between the Bernoulli plate and the disk and in the radial direction of the disk to prevent the vibration of the disk. However, the disk rotates together with the Bernoulli plate and the inertia of the rotating matters becomes large. This makes it impossible to make the disk apparatus small in size. In addition, head access to both sides of the disk is left impossible, thereby causing mass storage not to be achieved.
Various kinds of means have been employed to prevent the disk from being vibrated, but they usually followed such drawbacks that the disk was worn, that the inertia of the rotating matters was large and that mass storage could not be achieved.

Flexible information storing disk apparatus having laminar air flow


A vehicle indicator system is set forth for a vehicle that has first and second instrumentation indicator lamps for indicating the condition of first and second vehicle systems. Instead of the first indicator lamp having a backup lamp in case the first indicator lamp burns out, the second indicator lamp serves a dual purpose as the backup lamp for the first indicator lamp.

Typically vehicle instrumentation displays include indicator lamps to signal to a vehicle operator the state of certain vehicle systems. Such indication lamps include ISO seatbelt lamps, supplemental inflatable restraint (SIR) lamps, anti-lock brake system lamps, low fuel indicator lamps, low coolant indicator lamps, low battery indicator lamps, low oil pressure indicator lamps, etc., and are well known to those skilled in the art.
In certain circumstances, it may be desirable to implement a backup indicator lamp in case the primary indicator lamp does not function properly. However, adding backup lamps to the vehicle instrumentation increases vehicle cost. For example, wire for the lamp circuit, the lamp itself, and a driver circuit to drive the lamp must all be added to the vehicle. What is desired is the comfort of a backup system for certain indicator lamps without the added cost of additional backup warning lamps.

Back-up warning lamp useful for supplemental inflatable restraint systems


An exercise apparatus, a method of using the apparatus, and a method of exercising are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the exercise apparatus comprises an exercise platform comprising a base and a lid, the platform defining an interior space accessible by moving the lid from a closed to an open position with respect to the base, at least one handle associated with the platform for use by a user in moving the exercise apparatus, at least one wheel movably mounted to the base and permitting the platform to be rolled along a surface, at least one riser for use in supporting the platform upon a surface to increase a height thereof and sized to fit within the interior space when not in use, at least one resistive element for selective attachment to the platform for use in an exercise by a user, at least one mount associated with the platform to which the at least one resistive element may be attached, and at least one hand/foot peg for use with the platform.

The present invention relates to an exercise apparatus.
In recent years, the number of individuals who have undertaken exercise regimens has grown tremendously. Each person has their own desires when it comes to when and where to exercise, and the type and number of exercises in which they wish to engage. Gyms provide large numbers of individuals with a wide range of exercise devices. Some people, however, wish to exercise at home or the office, by personal preference or constraints such as time or location. Individuals may have a limited budget and space for exercise equipment at home. As described below, current exercise equipment does not meet the differing goals and preferences of users.
Currently, a large variety of exercise equipment is available. This equipment ranges from simple steps, mats and free weights, to large and complex machinery that may be computer controlled, such as treadmills, rowing and stepping machines. Most individuals are limited in the number and type of exercise devices they may own, generally as a result of the cost of such equipment and the space necessary to store and use the equipment. Even gyms must be conscious of the space required by each piece of equipment or the number of devices which the gym may provide to its users may be unduly limiting. Thus, it is a desire to provide an exercise apparatus which may be conveniently stored and which is affordable to the home/office user.
Individuals commonly employ an exercise regimen where they work out at home or the gym one or more times per week. These individuals generally find it desirable to maintain their regimen when traveling, such as when on a business trip or vacation. Further, as noted above, some individuals do not wish to work out in a gym on all occasions or ever, but prefer to work out at home or work. For these reasons, it is desirable to provide exercise equipment which is portable and easy to store.
In addition to the foregoing, it is important to note that most individuals wish to engage in multiple exercises. For example, large numbers of individuals enjoy xe2x80x9cstepxe2x80x9d exercises. These exercises involve stepping on and off a raised platform. These exercises are known for their cardiovascular benefits and work-out of the legs. In addition, the same individuals may wish to engage in strength and flexibility training involving other portions of the body, such as the arms, chest and shoulders. For example, bicep curls, rowing, overhead presses and similar exercises are all well known for exercising various specific portions of the body.
Present exercise equipment is deficient in addressing the above-stated problems and preferences. For example, large multi-station weight machines provide a user with the opportunity to perform a large number of exercises. On the other hand, these machines are not transportable, and are generally large and expensive. Simple xe2x80x9cstepsxe2x80x9d are available (including those which may be raised and lowered). These devices are easy to transport and relatively inexpensive, but afford the user very few exercises.
As a result of the above-stated problems and desires, there is a need for an exercise device which is both compact and portable. In addition, however, it is desirable for the device to permit a wide range of exercises.
The present invention comprises an exercise apparatus, one or more methods of using the apparatus, and one or more methods of exercising with the apparatus.
In one or more embodiments, the exercise apparatus comprises an exercise platform comprising a base and a lid, the platform defining an interior space accessible by moving the lid from a closed to an open position with respect to the base, at least one handle associated with the platform for use by a user in moving the exercise apparatus, at least one wheel movably mounted to the base and permitting the platform to be rolled along a surface, at least one riser for use in supporting the platform upon a surface to increase a height thereof and sized to fit within the interior space when not in use, at least one resistive element for selective attachment to the platform for use in an exercise by a user, at least one mount associated with the platform to which the at least one resistive element may be attached, and at least one hand/foot peg for use with the platform.
In one or more embodiments, the mounts comprise aligned slots in the walls and lid and a pin extending across the portion of the slot in the wall. The resistive elements may comprise elastic elements having a hook at one end for coupling to the pin of a mount.
In one or more embodiments, the lid is hingedly mounted to the platform. One or more latches are provided for maintaining the lid in a closed position when a user is exercising.
One or more embodiments of the invention comprise a method of using the exercise apparatus. These methods include methods of transporting and arranging the apparatus for use.
One or more embodiments of the invention comprise methods of exercising using the apparatus. These methods include using the apparatus as an exercise platform/step and using the hand/foot pegs and resistive element(s) coupled to the platform in a variety of exercises.
Further objects, features, and advantages of the present invention over the prior art will become apparent from the detailed description of the drawings which follows, when considered with the attached figures.


A pair of goggles comprises a goggles frame with a pair of eyepiece holders, a nosepiece extending between inner end portions of the eyepiece holders, and a head strap extending between outer end portions of the eyepiece holders. Each eyepiece holder has an opening with an eyepiece unit fitted therein, the eyepiece unit having an overall length less than length of the eyepiece opening to permit relative movement therebetween to vary interocular spacing between the eyepieces to accommodate persons having eyes at different spaces. Guides are provided at outer end portions and intermediate portions of the eyepiece units and eyepiece holders to ensure axial movement of the eyepiece units with respect to the eyepiece holder with negligible rotation therebetween. A locator is provided to limit relative movement between the eyepiece holder and eyepiece unit. The locator can be fitted between adjacent outer end portions of the eyepiece holder and eyepiece unit to prevent movement of the eyepiece unit relative to the eyepiece opening.

The invention relates to eye goggles, in particular eye goggles as used for swimming.
Swimming goggles have been used for many years and, in general, comprise a pair of separate eyepieces interconnected at adjacent inner ends thereof by a nosepiece, and at oppositely located outer ends by a head strap adapted to pass around the head to secure the goggles to the face. Such goggles can be classified into two main types, namely goggles with essentially rigid nosepieces, and goggles with flexible nosepieces. Goggles with rigid nosepieces are usually more stable when fitted on the face, and thus do not easily become displaced and leak. Also, such goggles can be retained on the head with a relatively light head strap tension and they often more comfortable to wear than the other types of goggles. However, for some individuals, goggles with rigid nosepieces are awkward to fit as the nosepiece does not provide a wide range of adjustment of spacing between the eyepieces, which spacing is usually termed interocular separation or spacing. Thus, persons with eyes which are closer together or much wider apart than average can have difficulty in fitting goggles with rigid nosepieces which provide correctly spaced eyepieces with a secure and comfortable fit.
In contrast, goggles with flexible nosepieces are usually easy to adjust for a wide range of interocular spacing, but tend to be unstable when fitted on the face, and consequently require relatively high head strap tension to maintain a secure sealing fit. High head strap tension causes discomfort after a short while, and consequently such goggles are appropriate for short races, but tend to be uncomfortable for relatively long periods of wear.
There is also a third type of goggles comprising a one-piece goggles frame which has opposite ends interconnected by a head strap for securing to the head. The frame has a pair of eyepiece openings to receive respective eyepieces, the eyepieces being adjustable with respect to the eyepiece openings in the frame to accommodate spacing between the eyes of the person. An example of such goggles is found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,093,940 (Nishiyama). While this patent shows a means to easily adjust interocular spacing, the means of adjustment relies on friction to hold the eyepieces at the required interocular spacing. It has been found that the friction is sometimes insufficient to maintain the desired spacing of the eyepieces, causing the spacing between the eyepieces to inadvertently change, and thus such goggles often require frequent adjustment to maintain comfort and fit. In addition, the frame of Nishiyama is relatively flexible, and this also contributes to difficulty in adjusting the spacing of the eyepieces.
For persons requiring corrective lenses, that is refractive lenses, it is important that optical or ocular axes of the lenses coincide as closely as possible with the optical axes of the eyes. For such persons, accurate adjustment and maintenance of the interocular spacing of the eyepieces is important, as well as correct alignment of the eyepiece with respect to the eye. Consequently, when corrective lenses are used in goggles having a flexible nosepiece, difficulty can be experienced in positioning and maintained the eyepieces accurately with respect to the eyes to obtain adequate vision. Similarly, for goggles with essentially rigid nosepieces, adjustment of interocular spacing is also limited, and thus fitting corrective lenses to such goggles can be costly as spacing between the eyepieces must be individually adjusted to accommodate the person's eye spacing. For the third type of goggles exemplified by the above Nishiyama patent, while such structure permits easy adjustment of interocular spacing of the eyepieces, the spacing adjustment is easily lost and sometimes an eyepiece can rotate with respect to the frame, and thus frequent readjustment of the goggles would be necessary to attain satisfactory alignment of the optical axes.

Eye goggles with laterally adjustable eyepieces within goggles frame


A process for selectively reducing nitrile contaminants in fluids such as water, methanol or hydrocarbon streams containing mono olefins and which contain minor amounts of contaminants comprising nitriles in the presence of hydrogen and a supported cobalt catalyst. In the olefin stream the nitrile contaminants are substantially reduced without substantial reduction of the mono olefins.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the selective hydrogenation of contaminants contained in a light refinery stream.
2. Related Information
Dienes and nitriles are known catalyst poisons in processes using acid catalysts. Many important processes in the petroleum industry require acid catalysts. The production of gasoline octane enhancers such as methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) or tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) or catalyzed alkylation processes require acid catalysts.
Mixed refinery streams often contain a broad spectrum of olefinic compounds. This is especially true of products from either catalytic cracking or thermal cracking processes. These olefinic compounds comprise ethylene, acetylene, propylene, propadiene, methylacetylene, butenes, butadiene, etc. Many of these compounds are valuable, especially as feed stocks for chemical products. Ethylene, especially is recovered. Additionally, propylene and the butenes are valuable. However, the olefins having more than one double bond and the acetylenic compounds (having a triple bond) have lesser uses and are detrimental to many of the chemical processes in which the single double bond compounds are used, for example polymerization.
Refinery streams are usually separated by fractional distillation, and because they often contain compounds that are very close in boiling points, such separations are not precise. A C.sub.5 stream, for instance, may contain C.sub.4 's and up to C.sub.8 's. These components may be saturated (alkanes), unsaturated (mono-olefins), or poly-unsaturated (diolefins). Additionally, the components may be any or all of the various isomers of the individual compounds.
Several of the minor components (diolefins) in the feed will react slowly with oxygen during storage to produce "gum" and other undesirable materials. However, these components also react very rapidly in the TAME process to form a yellow, foul smelling gummy material. Thus it is seen to be desirable to remove these components whether the "light naphtha" cut is to be used only for gasoline blending by itself or as feed to a TAME process.
Diene contaminants can be removed by selective hydrogenation in the presence of olefins. The most recommended catalyst being palladium on a support, sometimes with promoters.
Hydrogenation is the reaction of hydrogen with a carbon-carbon multiple bond to "saturate" the compound. This reaction has long been known and is usually done at superatmospheric pressures and moderate temperatures using an excess of hydrogen over a metal catalyst. Among the metals known to catalyze the hydrogenation reaction are platinum, rhodium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten and palladium. Generally, commercial forms of catalyst use supported oxides of these metals. The oxide is reduced to the active form either prior to use with a reducing agent or during use by the hydrogen in the feed. These metals also catalyze other reactions, most notably dehydrogenation at elevated temperatures. Additionally they can promote the reaction of olefinic compounds with themselves or other olefins to produce dimers or oligomers as residence time is increased.
Selective hydrogenation of hydrocarbon compounds has been known for quite some time. Peterson, et al "The Selective Hydrogenation of Pyrolysis Gasoline" presented to the Petroleum Division of the American Chemical Society in September of 1962, discusses the selective hydrogenation of C.sub.4 and higher diolefins. Boitiaux, et al in "Newest Hydrogenation Catalyst", Hydrocarbon Processing, March 1985, presents an overview of various uses of hydrogenation catalysts, including selective hydrogenation, utilizing a proprietary bimetallic hydrogenation catalyst.
The known method of removal of nitriles from hydrocarbon feeds involves a water wash of the hydrocarbon feed. This requires a number of stages, depending on the relative solubility of the nitrile in water versus hydrocarbon. These additional stages provide additional production costs. It is particularly difficult to remove propionitrile by water wash. The additional stages required for water washing increase complexity and production costs. Although there is a substantial body of art relating to the hydrogenation of nitriles to produce amines or other amino compounds, there is no suggestion as to the fate of olefinic compounds during those processes.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,449,036 teaches the hydrogenation of nitriles to primary amines using nickel or cobalt catalysts providing the reduction is in the presence of a strong aqueous basic solution in ethyl alcohol.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,565,957 discloses the reaction of nitrilotriacetonitrile with hydrogen and a large amount of ammonia in the presence of a catalyst, chosen from a group consisting of nickel, cobalt, and rhodium.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,186,146 discloses the hydrogenation of aromatic nitriles to the corresponding aminomethylbenzene derivatives in a solvent system containing water, ammonia, and water miscible ether solvents using a cobalt or nickel catalyst.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,235,821 discloses the hydrogenation of aliphatic nitriles in a solvent system of water, ammonia, and water miscible ethers using a ruthenium catalyst.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,739,120 teaches the hydrogenation of an organic nitrile group to a primary aminomethyl group in the presence of a rhodium catalyst, a basic substance, and a two-phase solvent system comprising an immiscible organic solvent and water.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,075,506 describes a method for producing secondary amines from fatty nitriles, with ammonia and hydrogen over a cobalt catalyst promoted with zirconium. The catalyst may be supported on kieselguhr or other support. A second stage using the same catalyst but without ammonia, may be used to increase the proportion of secondary amines.
It is an advantage of the present hydrogenation process to selectively hydrogenate contaminants with little if any saturation of the olefins. The absence of hydrogenation of olefins is an unexpected benefit, since cobalt may used as a hydrogenation catalyst for olefins. A particular feature of the present process is that nitriles are hydrogenated to amines, which can be removed easily by water wash, when compared to nitriles, due to fact that the low molecular wt. amines are very soluble in water.

Reduction of nitrile contaminants by selective hydrogenation


For prescribing a state of a selection operating part having options disposed on an operating page displayed, a type attribute of the selection operating part, a display attribute of displaying or not displaying an operating part corresponding to each option of the selection operating part, and priority setting information indicating modification of setting of an option of the selection operating part, are stored, the modification being carried out while the operating page is displayed. In response to a user's operation, a selected or non-selected state of an operating part of each option, or a display attribute may be changed. When a display attribute of an option is changed, information corresponding to a type of the selection operating part having the option and a selected or non-selected state of the operating part having the option is registered as the priority setting information.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a screen editing apparatus for editing the contents of an operating page to be displayed on a display device, a screen editing method for editing the contents of an operating page to be displayed on a display device, a screen editing program for causing a computer processor to carry out the screen editing method, an electronic apparatus for displaying the operating page on the display device based on data edited by means of the screen editing apparatus or the screen editing method, and an image forming apparatus which is one of such an electronic apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Such a configuration is known that, a GUI (Graphical User Interface) is displayed on a display device, and, with the use of the GUI, various data is displayed to a user or an operation by a user is received.
Design of such a GUI can be carried out in such a manner that various components, such as a button for receiving the operation by a user, a character displaying frame for displaying set contents and so forth, are disposed on a page. Further, recently, there are many requests for customization of a GUI to meet a user's purpose by editing the contents of a pager in addition to a case where a GUI provided by a manufacturer is used as it is.
The following patent documents 1, 2 and 3, for example, discuss customization of a GUI:
Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2005-45370
Patent Document 2: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2003-150971
Patent Document 3: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 2003-5825
The patent document 1 discusses an image forming apparatus with which it is possible to change a display or non-display state, a position, a size and so forth of each function key on a display page displayed on a liquid crystal display device, by selecting a panel customization mode.
The patent document 2 discusses an art such that an operating page of an electronic apparatus can be edited as a result of a server being accessed from a user terminal. Further, the patent document 2 discusses an example of editing such as increasing/decreasing a size of an operating button, cutting a part, combining parts, changing a position, or killing (or deleting) a function of the operating button, and so forth.
The patent document 3 discusses an industrial machine with which it is possible to customize a GUI by modifying a HTML file setting a page layout.
Further, a patent document 4 (Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 2006-260085) discusses access rolls for efficiently controlling a user authentication process, and a proving process for the authenticated user being able to use a function, and controlling, by a manager of a system, available functions according to a user's request.
Recently, in various electronic apparatuses typified by image forming apparatuses, a function of such customization of a GUI is provided as a set function which may be set for the entirety of an apparatus. In such an apparatus, a user can change a display position, a size and so forth of each button, a caption or such, or can select usable or operable functions by changing a display/non-display state of each button on a GUI.
Further, a program function or a macro function is known such that set contents or a series of set operation contents in an apparatus are previously registered, and can be reflected on operation of the apparatus as a result of being called as is necessary.
However, if such a GUI customization function and a program function or a macro function are used simultaneously, an inappropriate setting may be carried out by a user in particular in a case where a plurality of users share data concerning the functions.
For example, a case is assumed where, while a first user uses a first GUI which the first user has customized, and the first user calls a program or a macro, which has been created by a second user as being used with a second GUI different from the first GUI. In this case, in the program or the macro, an instruction may be described such that a function concerning a button, which is not displayed on the first GUI, is to be turned on. When such an instruction is described in the program or the macro and is executed during the first user uses the first GUI, a corresponding function, which is not displayed on the first GUI at all, is turned on, and the turning on of the button may not be known by the first user. It is necessary to solve such a problem in a case where page data created by means of a customization function or a program or macro data created by means of a program or a macro function are shared by a plurality of users.
It is noted that the same problem may occur even in a case of a single user due to an erroneous operation, misunderstanding or such, which may occur upon creation of a program or a macro.

Screen editing apparatus, screen editing method and computer-readable information recording medium


Techniques for improved image disparity estimation are described. In one embodiment, for example, an apparatus may comprise a processor circuit and an imaging management module, and the imaging management module may be operable by the processor circuit to determine a measured horizontal disparity factor and a measured vertical disparity factor for a rectified image array, determine a composite horizontal disparity factor for the rectified image array based on the measured horizontal disparity factor and an implied horizontal disparity factor, and determine a composite vertical disparity factor for the rectified image array based on the measured vertical disparity factor and an implied vertical disparity factor. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

In the field of image acquisition and processing, it may be desirable to generate a composite image based on a set of images captured by a two-dimensional camera array. Generating such a composite image may involve combining some or all of the captured images. Combining the captured images may require an accurate determination of correspondences between positions and/or pixels within the respective captured images. Based on such correspondences, depths may be estimated for objects and/or features associated with those positions and/or pixels. The accuracy with which such correspondences may be determined may depend on the accuracy of one or more image disparity factors by which they are characterized. Accordingly, techniques for improved image disparity estimation may be desirable.


The present invention discloses a method of RGBW compensation based on color aberrations of white subpixel and an apparatus thereof: when aberrations exist between a color coordinate point Ws of white subpixel and a standard white color coordinate point Wd under sRGB, analyzing color coordinates of every subpixel on the RGBW panel, and then dividing a triangle with vertices points Rs, Gs and Bs into three triangle regions based on Ws as the center point; based on ranges of the three triangle regions, a triangle region where Wd is located is confirmed; a first data is calibrated by performing compensating the white subpixel corresponding by the center point Ws via a predetermined normalized proportion through two subpixels corresponding to the other two points within the triangle region surrounding and locating Wd. Through the aforementioned manner, the present invention is capable of calibrating aberrations of white subpixels in order to normalize images of RGBW panels.

With strengthening of people's awareness of energy conservation, energy consumptions of products gradually turn into an important factor of product. Under a motivation of awareness of energy conservation, developments of RGBW come afterwards. LG Display added white subpixel based on RGB foundation inventively to form RGBW 4K. Light transmittance of panels of RGBW 4K is increasing apparently with participation of white subpixel, and luminance of panel increases 1.5 times based on the foundation of panels of traditional RGB 4K.
Nowadays, a variety of algorithms exists in switching from RGB signals to RGBW signals, and comprises traditional algorithms and new algorithms in research. However, after applying those algorithms to switch RGB signals into RGBW signals particularly in Organic Light Emitting Display (OLED), aberrations are found between color coordinate points of actual white subpixels (W-subpixel) and standard white color coordinate points under sRGB; the white subpixels have larger color aberrations.

Method of RGBW compensation based on color aberrations of white subpixels and apparatus thereof

Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd


A connecting element (4) for an electric motor (1) of a fuel feed unit of a motor vehicle has a molded component (7) which is fabricated in one piece with a connecting contact (6) and a guide for a carbon brush. The molded component (7) is fabricated from sheet metal and can be inserted in a premounted form into a receptacle (8) of the connecting element (4).

The invention relates to a connecting element for an electric motor, in particular for an electric motor of a fuel feed unit of a motor vehicle, having connecting contacts for connecting the electric motor to a power source and to the carbon brushes of the electric motor, a molded component which has at least one of the connecting contacts being arranged in a receptacle.
Such connecting contacts are frequently used to connect electric motors in feed units of fuel containers in contemporary motor vehicles and are known from practice. Here, the connecting contacts are each punched out of a piece of sheet metal and soldered to electronic components, such as a capacitor or reactor, and a connecting line for the carbon brush. The connecting contacts are then usually connected to a plastic part. During the mounting operation, the plastic part is attached to the electric motor, and the carbon brushes are inserted into guides of the electric motor. A disadvantage of the known connecting element is that it is very complex, and thus cost-intensive, to mount.

Connecting element for an electric motor


An apparatus, system, and method are generally related to an antenna device that includes a pass-through interface such as for a USB device. The antenna device is enclosed in a housing. The pass-through interface includes two ports. The housing is coupled to the pass-through interface body such that one of the ports is blocked by a blocking member when the housing is in a first position. The blocking member prevents impact damage to the blocked port, while also preventing dirt and dust from collecting. The blocking member is cleared from the opening of the blocked port when the housing is biased into a second position by inserting a connector. The blocking member automatically returns to the first position when the connector is removed from the port. Antenna performance is improved by automatically aligning the antenna away from the connector, which may otherwise degrade performance.

Personal computer technologies have been embraced in many portable electronics devices including: cellular telephones, personal data assistants (PDAs), laptop computers, MP3 players, pen-drives, digital video cameras, as well as other mobile devices. Many of the portable electronic devices can be configured to operate with various peripheral devices such as a computer mouse, a computer writing tablet, a digital camera, as well as others. Moreover, many of the portable electronic devices are also configured to interface with personal computers through a standard interface.
The need for standardization in computer related interfaces, as well as the need for high-speed communication interfaces has lead to the development of the universal serial bus (USB). The USB interface is a high-speed communication protocol that permits devices to communicate at data rates on the order of 48 Mb/s. A revised USB interface such as the USB 2.0 specification can operate at even higher speeds that are on the order of 480 Mb/s. The high speed USB interface has lead to widespread acceptance of external peripheral devices such as USB HDD systems, USB Ethernet devices, USB compact disk writing devices (e.g., CD/RW), as well as other devices.

Automatic antenna orientation for USB pass-through port


A method of assembling an electrical test connector for testing connectivity in aircraft wire harness fitted with military specification or other electrical connectors. In a particular embodiment, the test connector is manually assembled on site by a technician from components that are readily and inexpensively available, providing ease and speed in completing connectivity or other wire testing. The test connector has a mating insert, selected and configured to mate with an identified aircraft connector present on the harness to be tested. Insulation and internal wire support is provided by packing the wire connections with a potting material and covering the test connector with an optional heat shrink tubing. Alignment to the aircraft connector may be keyed with the use of a visual indicator applied to the covering. The components as a kit and the assembled test connector are also provided.

Many modern civilian and military aircraft are dependent upon electrical systems for proper operation. Often, miles of wires interconnect the electrical systems within an aircraft. During the life of the aircraft, these wires are subject to vibration, corrosion, aging, and other stresses.
Failure of a wire or set of wires in an aircraft wire harness may result in a spectrum of events ranging from the malfunction of a simple light bulb to the malfunction of an aircraft system. As an aircraft ages, wire related maintenance costs and related interruptions in service of the aircraft for wire repair can be costly and can occur with increasing frequency.
In general, it is not practical to remove an aircraft wire harness from an aircraft for inspection. As well as being costly and time consuming, re-installing a wire harness after a successful test may stress and strain the wire harness and induce other unknown wire faults. Therefore, to minimize aircraft downtime, cost and overall complexity, it is generally desirable to test an aircraft wire harness without removing it from the aircraft.
With the amount of wire generally contained in an aircraft, the presence of insulation generally covering the wires, and aircraft parts covering the insulated wires and wire harnesses, electrical connectivity testing may be selectively used in addition to selective visual inspections.
To facilitate connections between systems, some wire harnesses employ military specification electrical connectors. Military specification connectors are designed to withstand stress and/or to provide protection for the integrity of the electrical connection against many factors commonly including weather, moisture, altitude, pressure, vibration, temperature, etc. . . . all of which may cause connectivity failure during operation and/or permit deterioration and/or corrosion of the connection contacts.
To provide a robust and functional connection, a military specification electrical connector generally is manufactured to certain standards that provide: A) protection of the electrical connection; B) proper alignment of the connection; and C) a firm engagement by the connector beyond a mere friction hold.
The connectivity an aircraft wire harness may be tested by attaching test equipment with corresponding mating military specification connectors (See FIG. 1A.) to the wire harness. In this manner, a connector on the test equipment wire harness may be mated to a connector on the aircraft harness to be tested. The process of connecting a military specification connector to a test equipment wire harness may be a complex process that may involve specialized tooling, training, and time consuming assembly processes.
FIG. 1 A shows one prior art military specification electrical aircraft connector 7 for aircraft wire harnesses. The military connector has a hard metal backshell 9, a metal shield 15, a slot 17 and a lock mechanism 19. The metal backshell 9 protects the harness wires 11 at their point of connection to the roots (not shown) of the connector's pins or sockets 13, and provides a grasping point. The metal shield 15 protects the contact pins or sockets 13. The slot 17 is a physical alignment device that permits the connector 7 to be joined to a mating connector in an aligned orientation. The connection lock mechanism, such as a threaded coupling 19 serves to securely engage one military specification connector to a mating military specification connector in a specific robust alignment. As shown, the backshell 9 of military specification electrical connector 7 can incorporate a compression clamp 21 for securing the backshell 9, and thus the connector 7, to the wire harness 11.
Specialized tooling and manufacturing processes are used to make a military specification electrical connector. Such rigorous tooling and manufacturing requirements are reflected in the costs of military specification connectors, with per connector costs ranging from several hundred to thousands of dollars.
Fabricating a test harness with military specification connectors can become an arduous and expensive task because the wire harness for a typical auxiliary power supply may have as many as a dozen military specification electrical connectors. In addition, the number of military specification electrical connectors within a given aircraft may number in the hundreds if not in the thousands. Further, different aircraft and different versions of aircraft generally have different military specification electrical connectors. With the wide variety of military specification electrical connectors in use, it is expensive to maintain an inventory of pre-assembled test purpose wire harnesses. In addition, the high cost of the military specification electrical connectors makes disposal of the entire test harness after use undesirable. It is therefore a practice to disassemble the test harness so the military specification connectors can be reused. This can be time consuming and expensive.
With high costs, bulky size, specialized attachment processes, and time consuming coupling and de-coupling to test wires, maintaining an inventory of military specification electrical connectors for use in testing aircraft wire harness can be wasteful of time and resources.
Hence, there is a need for a test-purpose connector, and a related method of assembly, for use with military specification electrical aircraft connectors, that overcomes one or more of the drawbacks identified above. The present invention satisfies one or more of these needs.

Universal test connector and method of assembly


A thermal head for a thermal-transfer or heat-sensitive printer has a silicon substrate having a projection. A porous silicon layer having a small thermal conductivity is formed on the silicon substrate so as to cover at least the projection on the silicon substrate. A heat-generating resistor layer is formed on the porous silicon oxide layer in a region above the projection of the silicon substrate. A conductor layer is formed on the heat-generating layer so as to expose the portion of the heat-generating resistor layer which is right above the projection of the silicon substrate and which serves as a heat-generating portion. The heat-generating portion and the conductor layer are covered by a protective layer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a thermal head for use in thermal transfer type printers or heat-sensitive type printers and more particularly, to a thermal head of the type in which a heat-generating portion is provided on a projecting portion of a substrate.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 18 shows a known thermal printer head. This thermal printer head has an aluminum substrate 1 which is locally covered by a heat-accumulation layer 2 of glass glaze. A heat-generating resistor layer 3 is formed on the heat-accumulation layer 2 and the substrate 1. A conductor layer 4 for supplying electrical current to the heat-generating resistor layer 3 is formed on the layer 3. A heat-generating portion 6, composed of the resistor layer 3 exposed through the conductor layer 4, is formed in a dot-like form. A protective layer 5 is formed on the dot-like heat generating portion 6 to protect the latter from oxidation and wear.
This thermal head is used in contact with a recording medium (not shown) such as an ink ribbon or a heat-sensitive paper. When an electrical current is supplied to the heat-generating portion 6 of the thermal head, heat is generated to transfer an ink in an ink ribbon to the recording medium or enables coloring component in the recording medium to develop a color, whereby information is recorded on the recording medium.
The thermal response characteristic is improved to enable high-speed printing when the glass glaze heat-accumulation layer is thinned as shown in FIG. 19. In such a case, however, the pressure at which the dot-like heat-generating portion 6 is pressed against the ink ribbon is reduced because the amount of projection or height of the heat-generating portion 6 is reduced correspondingly. This causes various inconveniences such as impairment of printing quality and efficiency, as well as increase in the electrical power consumption. Printing quality and efficiency would be improved when the projection height of the heat-generating portion 6 is increased by an increase in the glass heat-accumulation layer 2 as shown in FIG. 20, because in such a case the heat-generating portion 6 can be pressed onto the ink ribbon at higher pressure. In such a case, however, the thermal capacity of the thermal head is increased due to increase in the thickness of the glass glaze heat-accumulation layer 2, with the result that the thermal response characteristic of the thermal head is impaired to, and thus inhibits high-speed printing.


A fin strip of the kind used as secondary heat transfer surface in heat exchangers. Convolutions in the strip are formed to increase the developed length of a fin strip and thereby to increase the surface area which can be accommodated in a given space, particularly an annular space, without obstruction to flow. In a strip corrugated to provide alternating peaks and valleys, peaks are depressed to form spaced apart peak portions interconnected by intermediately positioning valley portions which add to the developed length of the strip without reducing the space between strip valleys. In an annular space occupied by a fin strip made in accordance with the invention fin density is substantially uniform throughout.

This invention relates to fin strip material, particularly, although not exclusively, as used in heat exchange tubes as a secondary heat transfer material. Heat transfer capabilities tend to be affected by the amount of secondary surface area made available in a given flow passage. However, fin density cannot be increased without regard to the extent to which the pressure drop of a flowing fluid may be affected. Also, and especially in dealing with a fin strip which must be bent to an annular configuration for installing between concentric tubes, adjacent fins crowd upon one another along the inner periphery of a curved strip and consequently reduce open flow area. In light of these considerations, it is the practice in the prior art to select a fin strip which, in terms of fins per inch, is essentially a compromise between what the designer would like to achieve in heat transfer performance and what is possible to achieve while maintaining an acceptable volume of flow over the fin surface. It has been suggested that the problem of crowding along the inner periphery of a bent strip can be overcome by forming the fin convolution so that valley portions are more widely spaced apart than are peak portions. See DeGroote U.S. Pat. No. 3,831,247, dated Aug. 27, 1974. This lessens flow and pressure drop problems but does so at a cost in overall fin density. Neither does it provide substantially uniform fin density with substantially uniform open flow area between fin surfaces. Insofar as is known, the problem of achieving high and uniform fin density without seriously affecting volume flow and pressure drop has not heretofore been successfully dealt with.


A cognitive assistant system, computer program product, and computer-implemented method configured to improve the accuracy of a statement. In one example, the system receives from a user an original statement that includes statement entities and generates an original confidence estimate (CE) for a correctness of the original statement. The system generates a replacement statement by selecting a suspect statement entity, selecting a replacement entity for the suspect statement entity, and replacing the suspect statement entity with the replacement entity in the original statement. The system generates a replacement CE for a correctness of the replacement statement. If the replacement CE exceeds the original CE by a tuning factor, the system sends the replacement statement to the user. If not, the system repeats generating the replacement statement and generating the replacement CE.

The present disclosure relates generally to Cognitive Assistant (CA) systems. CA systems provide support to a user in searching for information or making decisions. A CA system may include natural language processing (NLP), which is the ability of a computer program to understand human speech as it is spoken or written. One such CA system is the IBM Watson™ system available from International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation of Armonk, N.Y.

Method for improving the accuracy of a statement

International Business Machines Corporation


A low profile fixed shaft disc drive motor with separate disc mounting and motor sections. The motor is ball staked to a cup shaped piece of sheet metal, which is in turn screwed onto the casing of the disc drive. The motor shaft has an integral lamination mounting flange. The hub has a lower, cup shaped magnet section which has a feature for mounting the discs which is the same length as a disc spacer.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the field of rigid disc drive data storage devices, and more particularly to an improved spindle motor for spinning the discs on which the data is recorded.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
Disc drive data storage devices of the type known as "Winchester" disc drives are well known in the industry. Such devices utilize rigid discs coated with a magnetizable medium for the storage of digital information in a plurality of circular concentric tracks, and this information is written to and read from the discs using a data head mounted on an actuator mechanism which moves the head from track to track under control of electronic circuitry. The discs are mounted for rotation on a spindle motor, and as the discs spin, a thin layer of air is dragged along with the discs and forms an "air bearing" on which the heads fly above the surface of the discs. The integrity of this air bearing is dependent, in part on the cleanliness of the air in the vicinity of the heads and disc, and for this reason, the heads and discs are sealed in a housing to prevent the entrance of contaminants and particles.
The earliest 5" Winchester disc drives included a brushless DC spindle motor which was mounted to the base of the housing with the actual motor components outside the housing and the shaft of the motor projecting into the housing, where a hub, fixed to the shaft, was used to mount the discs.
As industry demands for smaller sizes of disc drives lead to the introduction of half-height 5" units, 3", the size and configuration of the spindle motor has also changed, first to the "pancake" spindle motor--which employed an air gap in the motor which was axial in relationship to the motor shaft--and then to the "in-hub" spindle motor--where the motor coils and magnets which make up the motor were located inside the hub which mounted the discs.
The current generation of 2.5" disc drives continues to use this in-hub configuration of spindle motor, but the inner diameter (ID) of the discs in these drives is only 20 mm. This dimension represents about the lower limit for in-hub motors, since the space required for rotor magnets and stator coils of necessary size to start the discs spinning from rest, and the bearings needed to rotate the hub, occupy virtually all available space.
Disc drives in the 1.8" form factor are currently being introduced in which the ID of the discs is only 12 mm. With such a space limitation, there is not sufficient room within the disc-carrying hub for bearings, magnets and coils to ensure adequate starting torque, particularly if the drive configuration includes multiple discs and heads.
A need clearly exists, therefore, for a spindle motor configuration for 1.8" and future smaller disc drives which can provide necessary starting torque, while still minimizing the physical size of the motor to fit within the small mechanical dimensions of such disc drives.


A concrete conduit is completely encased within a shell of a plastic resin such as polyethylene. The plastic shell functions to insulate the concrete conduit from mechanical shocks thereby preventing breakage and cracking of the conduit. The shell also effectively provides an impermeable barrier for water vapor and a smooth, relatively frictionless, surface for receiving electric cables, wires and the like. The conduit is made by preforming the shell, for example by rotational molding, and filling the shell with pourable cement through a filler hole in the shell. The filler hole can then be closed with a plug of the resin used to form the shell.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to conduits and pipes generally, and particularly to concrete conduits used to house subterranean electric cable and/or other utility wires.
2. Description of Related Art
Power companies frequently lay electric cables and other utility wires underground. The subterranean placement of power lines offers a variety of well known advantages including public safety. In addition, the need for erecting and placing utility poles is avoided.
One problem with laying power lines in this manner is that the relatively harsh subterranean environment including, for example, silt, water and various pollutants has a tendency to cause corrosion of the plastic insulation surrounding the electric cable. For example, processes have been known to occur which are referred to as electrochemical treeing ("ECT") or water treeing. These processes lead to the development of branched tree-like cracks in the insulation commonly referred to as ECT structures or water trees.
In an attempt to overcome these problems, power companies have required that subterranean cables be housed within concrete conduits to protect the cables from the environment. Power companies have adopted specifications for these concrete conduits which are designed to ensure adequate protection for the cables which they house. For example, the conduit is required to have a square cross section to allow for stacking of multiple conduits on top of one another and a smooth concentric interior bore for receiving cable with minimal friction. The ends of each conduit are provided with extensions for receiving a plastic coupling which functions to join each conduit section in end-to-end fashion with another conduit section. The coupling is typically a polyvinlychloride tube which is force fitted around the relatively abrasive extension ends of adjoining conduits with sufficient pressure so as to prevent foreign matter from entering the conduit. Another important requirement is that the conduits must be free from cracks, broken ends, defects and all irregularities.
A major disadvantage associated with the use of concrete conduits is the very high breakage and cracking rate which is encountered during handling. Some utility companies have estimated that, on the average, 30% or more of all concrete conduits are broken during shipping, handling and storage even before they are used.
In addition, compliance with other power company specifications has proved to be troublesome for conduit manufacturers using conventional pressure molding techniques for cement. For example, the extension ends of the conduit must be physically machined when the concrete is in a semi-solid state after pressure molding.
Other drawbacks to the use of concrete conduits are that they are not completely effective in preventing water vapor from coming into contact with the cables because of the porous nature of the concrete. In an attempt to solve this problem, clay has been incorporated into the concrete to decrease its permeability. However, the use of clay is not desirable because there is a tendency for the clay to break off and contaminate the inside of the conduit.
A further drawback of concrete conduits is that the abrasive interior surface of the bore hinders the pulling of electric cables through the conduit. Because of the difficulty of pulling long sections of power cables through the conduit, power companies have had to interrupt the conduits with frequent pit sections in which the cables are spliced together with separate cable sections, thus increasing electrical resistance and the possibility of electrical failure.
In the manufacture of concrete sewer pipes it has been known to provide a corrosion resistant plastic lining along the inside surface of the pipe to prevent corrosion of the concrete caused by sewage inside the pipe. However, the lining along the inside surface has not reduced the tremendous breakage and cracking rate associated with concrete conduits. In addition, these concrete sewer pipes must be produced by conventional pressure molding techniques followed by a coating process for lining the inside surface with plastic. Coating can be difficult to accomplish, requiring several complicated process steps. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,054,473, 4,338,153 and 4,670,315.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a concrete conduit which exhibits virtually no breakage or cracking during shipping and routine handling.
It is another object of the invention to provide a conduit which is virtually impermeable to water vapor.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for making a virtually unbreakable conduit which does not require the use of conventional pressure molding.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a conduit for housing electric cable having smooth inner and outer surfaces to facilitate sliding of cables through the conduit and easy handling.

Method for making conduits having a shock absorbing shell


A transparent optical article is disclosed, which is produced by molding a branched polycarbonate resin having a viscosity average molecular weight of from 13,000 to 20,000 as prepared from at least one dihydric phenol compound in the presence of a polyfunctional organic compound having at least two phenolic hydroxyl groups as a branching agent in an amount of from 0.02 to 3 mol % based on the total amount of the dihydric phenol compound. The transparent molded optical article includes digital audio discs, video discs, memory discs and lenses used in the optical reading system. The optical article is greatly reduced in double refraction and has a high mechanical strength.

It is known, as described in Japanese Patent Application (OPI) No. 131654/81, for example, that an acryl resin is useful as a material for production of transparent optical articles because of its excellent properties such as (1) good transparency, (2) good fluidity and (3) low double refraction (the term "OPI" as used herein means a published unexamined Japanese patent application). Such acryl resins, however, have disadvantages in that heat resistance is as low as about 70.degree. C., impact resistance is low, and may wrap on absorbing water.
In order to eliminate these disadvantages of acryl resins, a polycarbonate resin having a viscosity average molecular weight of from 15,000 to 18,000 is now under investigation as a material for production of optical discs and lenses, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application (OPI) No. 180553/83. Such polycarbonate resins, however, still have disadvantages in that the fluidity is insufficient and the double refraction as a most important factor in producing optical articles is still high. This poor fluidity has been improved by decreasing the molecular weight of the polycarbonate resin, or by increasing a molding temperature.
Although the improvement in the fluidity is practically useful, it causes different problems such as insufficient mechanical strength and stringiness during the molding process thereby making it impossible to mold articles continuously. Thus, the polycarbonate resin is still limited in its practical use. In the precision optical system used in reading or writing of information utilizing laser, it has been desired to develop optical materials having a low double refraction, a high mechanical strength, and being free from stringiness capable of being molded continuously. The term "stringiness" as used herein means a phenomenon that a molten resin remains between a nozzle and an end of a sprue, and it sticks to the sprue in a string form in taking out a molded article.
The double refraction of a transparent optical article as described above varies with properties of the resin material used and also with molding conditions.
In molding a transparent optical article, a resin is melted and cooled in a mold. If the viscosity of the molten resin is too high, the resin is cooled in a non-uniform state whereby optical strain remains in the resulting molded article which then gives rise to undesired double refraction. Particularly, if the viscosity of the resin used in the injection molding is too high, orientation of the resin remains in a flow direction since the resin is injected in a mold whereby double refraction is liable to develop in the molded article.
As a means for moderating molding conditions, a conventionally known technique, that is, a method for compounding plasticizers to prepare a molding material of high fluidity can be considered. However, when conventional plasticizers for polycarbonate resins such as olefin- and phosphate-based plasticizers are added in an amount sufficient to improve moldability, fluidity can be improved, but the desired optical molded article cannot be obtained due to contamination of mold with the plasticizer which results in the production of contaminated molded articles, or poor compatibility between the plasticizer and the polycarbonate resin lowers the transparency which results in the production of molded articles having poor appearance. Moreover, physical properties are reduced to an extent that is not practically acceptable.
For this reason, the reduction in double refraction of transparent optical articles has been considered by changing molding conditions, particularly increasing a molding temperature, or by using a low molecular weight polycarbonate resin having good fluidity. However, when the low molecular weight polycarbonate resin is molded at high temperatures, the resulting molded article is reduced in double refraction but is poor in strength and causes stringiness in injection molding. Thus, a material which is satisfactory in total aspects of double refraction, strength and continuous moldability has not yet been discovered.

Optical articles of branched polycarbonate resin


The present invention relates to a double backbone core for automated hollow door manufacture and a door comprising same. The double backbone core comprises an expandable core component comprising two backbones with relatively smaller cells running parallel to one another along the length dimension of the door, wherein the core is formed from a plurality of interconnected strips.

Current hollow core doors have a central lengthwise extending core with a backbone of relatively small cells. These single backbone cores when used in automated door manufacturing have a tendency to curve to one side or the other depending upon variations in the core, the door being assembled and manufacturing inconsistencies. This may cause both performance issues on the automated line and quality issues when the core movement causes the molded panels on one side to have insufficient support, i.e., pillowing.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,583,338 to Sewell, et al., discloses a hollow door panel construction including a rectangular frame of predetermined thickness assembled from side and end members defining an elongated enclosure. Within the enclosure are corrugated paperboard strips, having a width equal to the predetermined thickness. The strips are variously formed and attached to define a plurality of horizontal cell rows, vertically stacked to fill the framed volume. Each cell row spans the internal width of the frame, and includes a centrally positioned short-walled brace cell straddled on either side by a long-walled lateral cell. To complete the panel construction, thin sheets abut and are secured to the opposite faces of the frame and to the outer edges of the strips. In essence, Sewell discloses a single back bone core designed to provide greater door strength. However, as with all single backbone cores, Sewell's single backbone core has a tendency to curve to one side or the other during automated manufacturing depending upon variations in the core. When this curving occurs, the molded panels on one side tend to have insufficient support.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,827,670 to Schwindt discloses a hollow core door wherein the surface sheets have limited relative longitudinal movement with respect to each other and rigid connection of the surface sheets to longitudinally extending stiles is eliminated. Schwindt discloses a single backbone core structure using a higher concentration of cellular material in the vicinity of the edges along the stiles and rails. As with Sewell, the core of Schwindt would have a tendency to curve during manufacture.
There remains a need for a core that provides a more consistent position and coverage in hollow core doors, that resolves both the automated line manufacturing issues such as interference with the hinge blocks and lock blocks, and that resolves quality issues that occur when the door facings have insufficient support from the core.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Double backbone core for automated door assembly line, door comprising same and method of using same


An illustrative digital communications receiver and a fractional-N phase lock loop based clock recovery method provide substantially reduced sensitivity to nonlinearities in any included phase interpolators. One receiver embodiment includes: a fractional-N phase lock loop, a phase interpolator, a sampling element, a phase detector, a phase control filter, and a frequency control filter. The phase interpolator applies a controllable phase shift to the clock signal from the frac-N PLL to provide a sampling signal to the sampling element. The phase detector estimates timing error of the sampling signal relative to the analog receive signal. The phase control filter derives a phase control signal for the phase interpolator which operates to minimize a phase component of the estimated timing error. The frequency control filter derives the frequency control signal in a fashion that separately minimizes a frequency offset component of the estimated timing error, reducing the interpolator's phase rotation rate.

Digital communications occur between sending and receiving devices over an intermediate communications medium, e.g., a fiberoptic cable or insulated copper wire, having one or more designated communications channels, e.g., carrier wavelengths or frequency bands. Each sending device typically transmits symbols at a fixed symbol rate, while each receiving device detects a potentially corrupted sequence of symbols and attempts to reconstruct the transmitted data.
A "symbol" is a state or significant condition of the channel that persists for a fixed period of time, called a "symbol interval." A symbol may be, for example, an electrical voltage or current level, an optical power level, a phase value, or a particular frequency or wavelength. A change from one channel state to another is called a symbol transition. Each symbol may represent (i.e., encode) one or more binary bits of the data. Alternatively, the data may be represented by symbol transitions, or by sequences of two or more symbols. The simplest digital communication links use only one bit per symbol; a binary '0' is represented by one symbol (e.g., an electrical voltage or current signal within a first range), and binary '1' by another symbol (e.g., an electrical voltage or current signal within a second range).
Channel non-idealities produce dispersion which may cause each symbol to perturb its neighboring symbols, causing intersymbol interference (ISI). As the symbol rate increases, ISI can make it difficult for the receiving device to determine which symbols were sent in each interval, particularly when such ISI is combined with additive noise.
The open literature discloses many equalization and demodulation techniques for recovering digital data from the degraded receive signal even in the presence of ISI. A critical piece of such techniques is a determination of the correct sample timing, as sample timing directly affects the signal to noise ratio of the discrete samples. Strategies for detecting and tracking optimal sample times exist with varying degrees of tradeoff between simplicity and performance, but as sample rates increase well into the tens-of-gigahertz range, silicon-based CMOS circuit implementations approach the device design limits and fail to provide adequate performance for existing clock recovery solutions.

Fractional-N PLL based clock recovery for SerDes