A document management system, a document management method, and a document management program for managing document data generated by scanning are disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a document management system, a document management method, and a document management program for managing document data generated by scanning.
2. Description of the Related Art
Techniques of electronic processing of various documents, such as drawings and text, are progressing, wherein the documents are often stored as image data by a document management system. For example, when a paper document is registered into the document management system, the following process is performed. First, the paper document is scanned, and an electronic file is generated and stored in a predetermined folder of a client terminal. Then, a file name of the electronic file is changed into a document number, a drawing number, a product number, and the like using the client terminal. Then, a destination folder of the document management system is selected for storing the document, and the document is stored accordingly. Furthermore, the document management system provides an attribute item (bibliography matters) required for searching.
Further, for example, Patent Reference 1 discloses an image reading apparatus for transmitting image data of printed matter (medium) scanned and electronically processed to a destination. According to the technique given by Patent Reference 1, a digital multifunction machine is connected to a host computer and a terminal unit through a LAN. There, a CPU generates a folder in a storing unit according to directions from the terminal unit. When a user pushes a "save" key prepared in the multifunction machine, a destination folder, in which the image data of the document are to be stored, is specified. The document is scanned by a scanning unit, and an image-processing unit performs an image process on the image data. The processed image data are saved in the destination folder specified by the user.
Further, for example, Patent Reference 2 discloses a technique of a document management system wherein an electronic document is stored for searching and reuse without a filing work. According to the technique, a scanner apparatus, a printer, and a facsimile terminal apparatus on an intranet store an electronic document to be processed in a HDD of a storage unit associating the electronic document with registration IDs of each apparatus. Then, the registration ID, a storage address, and ID information of the electronic document are provided to a server apparatus, and the electronic document is stored so that it can be searched for by a PC.
[Patent Reference 1] JPA 2001-358882
[Patent Reference 2] JPA 2000-89997

Document management system, a document management method, and a document management program

Abstract: The document management system includes a scanning unit for reading a document and generating image data, an image data storing unit for storing a scanned image file, and a document management server that includes a destination folder for storing the scanned image file and a file name conversion table. A code attached to the document is acquired by one of a code converting process, an OCR process, and a code inputting process. A file name is generated based on the acquired code. The scanned image file is acquired from the image data storing unit, the destination folder and attribute information are acquired by converting characters of the file name using the file name conversion table such that the scanned image file is stored in the destination folder with the attribute information associated.


A method of wavelength tuning an opto-electronic component arrangement with at least two opto-electronic components is disclosed. The method includes the step of setting a characteristic wavelength for each opto-electronic component by selectively modifying a resistance of a conductor of a resistance heater and/or by selectively modifying a resistance of a resistor arrangement connected upstream from the resistance heater. The method, which minimizes costs, is aimed at wavelength tuning of semiconductor lasers, optical amplifiers, filters, wavelength multiplexers and optical fibers.

Optical transmission systems are being increasingly used for data transmission and transmission of TV and radio channels. In general, such an optical transmission system includes an optical fiber, a semiconductor laser used as a light generator, and a light detector. The semiconductor laser emits light with a certain characteristic wavelength. This characteristic wavelength is basically dependent on the material used, but can be set within a certain wavelength range by the effect of heat, for example. In order to increase the amount of data that can be transmitted by an optical fiber, a plurality of semiconductor lasers associated with one optical fiber and operating at different wavelengths can be used. In this case, however, the wavelengths should be strictly observed, so that the data can be clearly differentiated at the end of the transmission.
The characteristic wavelength of semiconductor lasers varies within a tolerance range determined by the manufacturing technology; therefore, semiconductor lasers must be tuned prior to data transmission. For this purpose, devices known as resistance heaters are used, which change the characteristic wavelength of a semiconductor laser using a conductor mounted on a substrate by a thermal effect. Tuning is generally performed by setting the voltage applied to the electric conductor of the resistance heater, a voltage source being assigned in this case to each resistance heater.
A disadvantage of this method, however, is that it requires a very complex design. Furthermore, the arrangement cannot be tuned in a simple manner at a later time.

Method for syntonizing the wave lengths of an arrangement of optoelectronic components


An amplifier device has a high output speaker, which is connected a printed circuit board (PCB) mounted within said amplifier housing. A digital signal processor circuit is contained within the PCB board to filter out the low frequency sounds. The amplifier device also has a rechargeable battery connected to the PCB board. The amplifier housing is wrapped in an outer rubber housing mounted on a suction cup for adhering to an electric guitar. The amplifier device has control panel buttons built into the device to customize the sound produced through the speaker such as distortion, chorus and reverb.

Musicians have a very close relationship to the instruments they play. After years of playing them on stage, they become very attached to them, such that their instruments become almost an extension of themselves.
Where some electric guitar players switch to playing acoustic guitar if they do not have an amplifier, many do not because they want to play the instrument they have become accustomed to playing every day.
Current invention has been developed to meet the requirements of electric guitar players who want to play her/his electric guitar whenever she/he wants to.

System for suction-cup attachable, portable amplifier for electric guitar


An optical device including slots and an apparatus employing the optical device are provided. An optical unit device for selectively transmitting electromagnetic waves of a wavelength range, includes a material layer including slots. A gap between the slots has a distance such that the optical unit device has a Q-factor of about 5 or more.

1. Field
Apparatuses consistent with exemplary embodiments relate to an optical device and an optical apparatus, and more particularly, to an optical device (optical element) including a slot and an optical apparatus employing the optical device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Because a spectrometer according to a related art disperses (splits) light by mainly using a prism or grating structure, a space of about several centimeters to about tens of centimeters is used for dispersing light. As the size of a spectrometer decreases, a spectral resolving power may be lowered.
Technology capable of decreasing the size (miniaturizing) of an optical apparatus such as a spectrometer and improving performance thereof is being developed. A method or technology to improve light efficiency and reduce the size of a unit area (unit device) for light dispersing or imaging is demanded.

Optical device including slot and apparatus employing the optical device

KOREA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND BUSINESS FOUNDATION


A method for detecting sickle-cell disease in an individual. A blood sample from an individual is brought into contact with an agent for inducing the sickling of red blood cells suitable for placing the red blood cells in a hypoxic condition. The blood sample is filtered through a porous membrane of which the pore size is determined to retain the sickled red blood cells, and allow the non-sickled red blood cells to pass through. The possible presence of a residue on the membrane is detected, during and/or after the filtering step. The presence indicating that the individual is suffering from sickle-cell disease.

Sickle cell disease, also referred to as sickle cell anemia, is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by an abnormality of the hemoglobin contained in the red blood cells, more specifically a structural abnormality of the β-chain of hemoglobin, characterized by the mutation of an amino acid of this β-chain, from glutamic acid to valine.
Sickle cell disease constitutes the most significant hemoglobinopathy throughout the world. Close to 120 million individuals are indeed thought to be carriers of the sickle cell trait.
Sickle cell disease is found in certain regions of the Indian subcontinent, in South America and in the Mediterranean basin. Intertropical Africa, that is to say the area located between the 15th parallel south and the 20th parallel north, is the most affected, with a rate of approximately one case of sickle cell disease per 65 births. The most affected countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Senegal, Benin, and Angola. Mention may be made of a correlation, in these zones, with resistance to malaria, which supports the hypothesis that sickle cell disease would result from a process of natural selection by resistance to malaria, due to the difficulty for the plasmodium to carry out its cycle in sickle cells.
In France, homozygous sickle cell disease represents one birth in 1200. It is the primary genetic risk in Ile de France. In the West Indies, the rate reaches 1 case in 260 births. Sickle cell disease also affects the afro-American population, which is easily explained by the historical origin of the birth of this community in the United States, namely the mass of deportation of Africans in the context of the triangular trade, the descendents of whom remain nowadays affected by sickle cell disease.
Sickle cell disease thus constitutes a real public health problem, all the more since healthy carriers, who show no clinical sign, may be unaware that they are capable of transmitting this disease to their offspring. The World Health Organization predicts that, in a few decades, the number of carriers of such a hemoglobin abnormality will reach a rate of 8% of the worldwide population.
At the current time, there are several tests for testing for or diagnosing sickle cell disease. These tests are in particular based on the particular properties of the abnormal hemoglobin, termed hemoglobin S. These properties are for example, in the deoxygenated state, a decrease in solubility and a change in shape, called sickling. Under hypoxic conditions, the hemoglobin of the red blood cells undergoes gelling, and polymerizes into fibers which deform the red blood cells by elongating it, thereby giving it the appearance of a sickle.
The abnormal sickle nature of the hemoglobin can thus be detected by an insolubility test, termed Itano test, or by a hypoxia-induced sickling test, such as Emmel's test. More specifically, Emmel's test, well known to those skilled in the art, consists in bringing a blood sample into contact with a reducing agent, so as to trigger the phenomenon of sickling of the sickle red blood cells, and in observing under a microscope the effect of this agent on the shape of the red blood cells. However, these tests require specific laboratory equipment. In addition, they are not automatable.
Other identification tests currently used are based on electrophoresis techniques, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques or molecular biology techniques, in particular techniques for detecting the disappearance of a restriction site in the nucleotide sequence of hemoglobin, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. In addition to the fact that these tests require specific and expensive equipment, and also operator expertise, they are lengthy to carry out.

Method for detecting sickle-cell disease and kit for implementing same


A fluid control system may include a fluid conduit defining a fluid passage, and a fluid metering assembly in fluid communication with the fluid passage. The fluid metering assembly may include a metering valve rotatably secured within an internal chamber. An actuator may be coupled to the metering valve. A control unit may be coupled to the actuator. The control unit is configured to operate the actuator to rotate the metering valve between an open position in which fluid flows through the fluid passage and a closed position in which the fluid is prevented from flowing through the fluid passage. The control unit is configured to operate the actuator to rotate the metering valve into a pressure relief position beyond the closed position that is configured to allow a reduced portion of the fluid to flow through the fluid passage.

A typical internal combustion engine includes a main cooling circuit configured to allow coolant, such as water, to flow through a radiator. A bypass conduit opens during a start phase of the engine and allows the coolant to circulate through the bypass conduit. In general, a thermostatic valve system controls the flow of coolant. At least one valve is driven by a thermally expansive member and fit with a bypass valve. The valves are connected to each other such that, at a predefined lower temperature, the thermostatic valve is closed and the bypass valve is open. As the temperature increases, the thermostatic valve opens, and the bypass valve gradually closes. WO2010/061343, entitled "A Cooling System For A Combustion Engine," which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, provides further details of a cooling system.
A typical ball valve thermostat assembly includes a fail-safe return member and utilizes a control unit that is configured to drive the valve in both open and closed directions. However, the valve is generally only electrically driven in the closed direction. During a cold start, the valve is driven to the closed position so that the engine may be quickly heated. When temperatures are extremely cold, the motion of the fail-safe return member is generally slower than at normal operating temperatures. If the engine is revved when the outside temperature is extremely cold, and the valve is in the closed position, high pressures may develop within the cooling system. The resulting high pressures may damage the cooling system and the engine.
FIG. 1 illustrates a graph of typical valve operation within a coolant regulator. As shown, angular valve positions of 0 degrees and 93 degrees provide hard physical stops within the coolant regulator. Angular valve positions of 5 degrees and 88 degrees provide soft stops. To close the valve, the valve is electrically actuated to a rotated position of 88 degrees. To re-open the valve, the electrical signal is stopped and the return spring opens the valve. The valve can be stopped at any angle by applying sufficient electrical energy to stop the valve without moving it back toward the open (or closed) position.
However, as pressure increases within the coolant regulator, the closed position of the valve generally prevents fluid from passing therethrough. As such, fluid pressure within the coolant regulator may build and damage the coolant regulator and/or the engine. Accordingly, a need exists for a system and method of relieving pressure within a coolant regulator.

System and method for operating a pressure-relieving fluid-metering valve assembly


A portable exercise device includes a base having a flat central section on which the user may either stand, sit or lie and a strap housing on each side of the central section. The base comprises two sections joined by mating extrusions such that the base may be disassembled to provide greater portability of the exercise device. One of the strap housings contains a supply/takeup reel onto which left and right straps are wound and from which they are unwound during a workout by the user. The right strap is routed underneath the base and around an idler pulley contained within the other housing. Each of the straps exits its respective housing and is connected to one end of an exercise bar. A rewind spring, a one-way clutch, and a band brake are coupled to the supply/takeup reel to adjust the force required of the user to pull the straps during a workout and to rewind the straps when the user releases the bar.

This invention relates generally to exercise devices and, more particularly to a portable exercise device that allows those who travel, for example, to perform the same types of exercises that are usually accomplished at home or at a gym through the use of heavy weight sets or weight lifting machines.
A number of exercise devices are known in the prior art. U.S. Pat. No. 4,557,480 is directed to a portable exercise device that employs a single spring-loaded rope that requires significant rewind space and is subject to stretching. No provision is made for gauging the resistance against which the rope is pulled, and no one-way clutch is provided to release the rope for rewind. Moreover, dual side exercises such as bench presses are not possible with this device.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,779,866 and 4,871,165 are directed to portable exercise devices that employ a brake to impart resistance. However, no dual side exercises such as bench presses are possible with these devices.
It is therefore the principal object of the present invention to provide a portable exercise device that enables the user to perform bench presses, dead lifts, military presses, biceps curls, squat thrusts, shoulder shrugs, and calf raises, for example, the same as if the user had access to a basic set of free weights or a weight machine.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a portable exercise device in which the resistance is indicated to the user and may be easily adjusted to an effective weight sufficient for most experienced users.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a portable exercise device that is safe, as opposed to weight sets, which may trap the user under a heavy barbell.
These and other objects are accomplished in accordance with the illustrated preferred embodiment of the present invention by providing a base having a flat central section on which the user may either stand, sit or lie and a strap housing on each side of the central section. The base comprises two sections joined by mating extrusions such that the base may be disassembled to provide greater portability. One of the strap housings contains a supply/takeup reel onto which left and right straps are wound and from which they are unwound during a workout by the user. The right strap is routed underneath the base and around an idler pulley contained within the other housing. Each of the straps exits its respective housing and is connected to one end of an exercise bar. A rewind spring, a one-way clutch, and a band brake are coupled to the supply/takeup reel to adjust the force required of the user to pull the straps therefrom when pulling the exercise bar and to rewind the straps when the user releases the bar.

Friction exercise device having a single supply and take up reel


A magnetoresistive structure having two dielectric layers, and method of manufacturing same, includes a free magnetic layer positioned between the two dielectric layers. The method of manufacture comprises at least two etch processes and at least one encapsulation process interposed therebetween wherein the encapsulation is formed on sidewalls of the partially formed magnetoresistive stack between etch processes.

Magnetoelectronic devices, spin electronic devices, and spintronic devices are synonymous terms for devices that make use of effects predominantly caused by electron spin. Magnetoelectronics are used in numerous information devices to provide non-volatile, reliable, radiation resistant, and high-density data storage and retrieval. The numerous magnetoelectronics information devices include, but are not limited to, Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM), magnetic sensors, and read/write heads for disk drives.
Typically an MRAM includes an array of magnetoresistive memory elements. Each magnetoresistive memory element typically has a structure that includes multiple magnetic layers separated by various non-magnetic layers, such as a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), and exhibits an electrical resistance that depends on the magnetic state of the device. Information is stored as directions of magnetization vectors in the magnetic layers. Magnetization vectors in one magnetic layer are magnetically fixed or pinned, while the magnetization direction of another magnetic layer may be free to switch between the same and opposite directions that are called "parallel" and "antiparallel" states, respectively. Corresponding to the parallel and antiparallel magnetic states, the magnetic memory element has low and high electrical resistance states, respectively. Accordingly, a detection of the resistance allows a magnetoresistive memory element, such as an MTJ device, to provide information stored in the magnetic memory element. There are two completely different methods used to program the free layer: field-switching and spin-torque switching. In field-switched MRAM, current carrying lines adjacent to the MTJ bit are used to generate magnetic fields that act on the free layer. In spin-torque MRAM, switching is accomplished with a current pulse through the MTJ itself. The spin angular momentum carried by the spin-polarized tunneling current causes reversal of the free layer, with the final state (parallel or antiparallel) determined by the polarity of the current pulse. Spin-torque transfer is known to occur in MTJ devices and giant magnetoresistance devices that are patterned or otherwise arranged so that the current flows substantially perpendicular to the interfaces, and in simple wire-like structures when the current flows substantially perpendicular to a domain wall. Any such structure that exhibits magnetoresistance has the potential to be a spin-torque magnetoresistive memory element. The mean current required to switch the magnetic state of the free layer is called the critical current (Ic). The critical current density (Jc) is the average critical current per area of the bit (Jc=Ic/A), where A is the area, and the current supplied by the circuit to switch spin-torque MRAM elements in a memory array is the write current (Iw). Reducing Iw is desirable so that a smaller access transistor can be used for each bit cell and a higher density, lower cost memory can be produced. Lowering Jc while not lowering the break down voltage, Vbd, where the tunnel barrier breaks down is desirable. Tunnel barrier breakdown is an irreversible degradation in the integrity of the tunnel barrier so that the magnetoresistance and spin torque reliability are greatly reduced.
Reducing the Ic by lowering the area of the bit for a constant Jc reduces the magnetic energy barrier Eb separating the two stable states of the free layer. Eb is proportional to the magnetization Ms of the free layer material, the anisotropy Hk of free layer, and the free layer volume V. Reducing the area obviously reduces V and therefore Eb. Reducing Eb impacts the non-volatility of the MRAM making it possible for the free layer to switch via thermal fluctuations in the temperature range and during the operating life of the part. It would be therefore be advantageous to reduce the area of the tunnel barrier without the reduction in area of the free layer.
In order to reduce write current, some spin-torque MRAM elements incorporate a dual-spin-filter (DSF) structure, in which the MTJ stack includes two different spin-polarizing layers, one on each side of the free layer, to lower Jc by improving spin-torque transfer efficiency through increased spin torque on the free layer, resulting in a lower write current. Dual-spin-filter devices have two tunnel barriers for providing a lower Jc, and a more symmetrical write current in the current up/down direction, than found in single tunnel barrier devices.
Dual-spin-filter devices require that the spin-polarizing fixed layers on either side of the free layer have opposite magnetization directions, so that the spin-torque effect from each of the two fixed layers will act together to switch the free layer magnetization into the desired direction when a current flows either up or down through the device.
Another structure similar to the DSF structure is a dual tunnel barrier structure (DTB). This structure, like the DSF, has tunnel barriers on either side of the free layer but, unlike the DSF, a magnetic fixed layer on only one side. This structure has shown an improvement in the ratio of the voltage required to write the bits and the voltage where breakdown occurs. This ratio provides more operating margin or voltage (or current Iw) and therefore is advantageous.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a spin-torque magnetoresistive memory element having symmetric tunnel barriers resulting in improved symmetry in the polarized current and switching states, the upper tunnel barrier undamaged by etching through the free layer. Furthermore, other desirable features and characteristics of the exemplary embodiments will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the foregoing technical field and background.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Magnetoresistive structure having two dielectric layers, and method of manufacturing same


The present invention is a container for food. The container has a lid and a base which form a series of three self-reinforcing seals when mated. A protrusion on the lid reinforces the triple seal formed between the lid and base. The protrusion applies a force to the base, locking the lid and base together. The third seal has the largest surface area and acts as a first line of defense against food leakage out of the container and a last line of defense against the entry of contaminants into the container.

There are various container assemblies currently used in the "take-out" food industry which are capable of transporting and storing food for a temporary period. It is important that such containers may be sealed to prevent the leakage and/or spoilage of food while in transport or storage. Currently, there are various designs available for such a purpose in the food industry.
An example of such a container consists of a lid and base portion that, upon mating form a seal to prevent leakage and spoilage. These containers are made of various materials including an aluminum base having a cardboard lid and a plastic base with a plastic lid. Specifically, an aluminum base forms a seal with the lid by the folding of the base around the peripheral to grasp the lid. This seal is not effective at preventing the food from leaking out of the container through the seal, especially when liquid is contained within the container. In addition, such containers are inconvenient because the assembly and disassembly proves to be both time consuming and messy.
Containers which consist of a base and lid made of plastic typically have only one or two seals to prevent the flow of food out of the container area and to prevent the introduction of bacteria and air into the container. With such containers, however, food leakage can occur when one or both seals are broken. Typical double seal containers provide two identical seals, one interior to the other. The seals have small surface areas to prevent the flow of food, liquids and/or air. Disadvantageously, the small surface area of the seals results in failure of the seal more often than acceptable. In addition, double seal containers typically have the two seals located right next to each other, so that if food has leaked through one seal, it is highly likely that the food will leak through the other. In other words, the placement of the seals on the currently available containers does not allow the seals to reinforce each other because they are close in proximity.
There are also available certain containers having three seals. Again, as with the double and single seal containers, the surface area of the seals is small and the proximity of the seals is close. Therefore, the likelihood of failure of theses seals is great.
Yet another example of a container currently available in the "take-out" food industry are the traditional Chinese Food take-out containers. These containers are made completely of cardboard. These containers form a seal on top by the folding over of interlocking flaps. This seal is not airtight and thus, leakage is a common occurrence. In addition, food often leaks out of the bottom of such containers because the bottom is composed of one piece of cardboard folded to form the container. Thus, there are gaps in the container, along the folds. In addition, the cardboard of the container weakens easily and is not effective for storing food that may be left over.
Considering the great number of containers in use in the take-out industry, there is a need for a container having a seal which prevents food leakage and spoilage. In addition, there is a need for a container which may be easily and readily assembled and disassembled. In addition, the container must be of such quality such that it is capable of storing foods for some length of time. Yet another desirable feature is for a container that may be easily and compactly stored.


A pressing device for thin-film circuits and terminals includes the characteristics of a machine base provided with a bottom panel, and a cutting block and a pressing block capable of intermittent up-and-down displacement at an interior thereof; an inner modular base capable of elastic displacement and flexibly disposed in a projecting column on the bottom panel; and an outer modular base fixed at an outer side of the inner modular base. Wherein, the outer modular base presses onto an upper pressing plane using downward displacement of the pressing block, and a cutting-edge portion slides upward along a rear sliding wall of the inner modular base, thereby accurately puncturing, stamping and connecting a plurality of terminals onto silvered wires of a thin-film circuit at a time.

(a) Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a pressing device for thin-film circuits and terminals, and more particularly, to a pressing device capable of effectively puncturing and pressing metal terminals onto silvered wires of flexible circuits.
(b) Description of the Prior Art
According to conventional terminal pressing devices, metal terminals are encapsulated and stamped onto electroformed wires or copper wires, thereby connecting the terminals to the wires.
In addition, a flexible plastic thin-film printed having silvered wires as circuits at an interior thereof is available on the market, and is being extensively applied in electronic products.
However, difficulties indeed exist in stamping metal terminals onto the thin-films circuits at the present time. The process of stamping a terminal onto a single silvered wire of a thin-film circuit is rather inefficient, and accuracy of conductivity obtained by stamping a plurality of terminals onto a plurality of silvered wires of a thin-film circuit is also rather low due to poor positioning. Hence, it is a vital task of the invention as how to position, stamp and connect a plurality of terminals to a plurality of silvered wires of a flexible circuit at a time.

Pressing device for thin-film circuit and terminal


A pressing pad for assembling a display module by applying a pressure to a flexible display panel to attach the flexible display panel to a window member and a method of assembling a display module, the pressing pad including a first pressing part that applies a first pressure onto a display area of the flexible display panel; a second pressing part that applies a second pressure onto a pad area of the flexible display panel, the second pressure being less than the first pressure and the pad area of the flexible display panel being adjacent to the display area of the flexible display panel; and a support part that supports the first and second pressing parts, wherein the second pressing part has a height from the support part that is less than a height of the first pressing part.

1. Field
Embodiments relate to a pressing pad for assembling a display module and a method of assembling the display module.
2. Description of the Related Art
Flexible display devices used in mobile phones are now being developed. Such a flexible device may include an active area (or a display area) on which an image is displayed and an inactive area (or a pad area) on which the image is not displayed. In order to assemble the display module, a process of attaching a window member to a flexible substrate by applying a pressure may be performed.

Pressing pad for assembling display module


A method to estimate water saturation in electromagnetic measurements includes making an electromagnetic measurement and performing at least one of (a) creating an analytical forward model of the EM measurement, (b) creating a numerical finite difference forward model of the EM measurement, and (c) performing an inversion. The method also includes removing at least one petrophysically-adverse alteration of EM measurements in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 100 MHz. A petrophysically-adverse alteration is due to the presence of at least one of the following: pyrite, graphitic-precursors, magnetite, and other conductive minerals.

Conventional interpretation of electromagnetic measurements in heterogeneous materials neglects electrodiffusion and electrochemical effects occurring at interfaces. Such neglect of electrodiffusion and electrochemical effects may grow significant at the interfaces of, for example, geological stratum. As a result of this neglect, interpretations may be inaccurate, causing skewed results. For recovery of hydrocarbons, for example, such inaccuracies can seriously impact the economic viability of recovery of hydrocarbons from wellbores.

Method to estimate water saturation in electromagnetic measurements


Some embodiments provide a system for interacting with a web browser. During operation, the system establishes a network connection with the web browser from a portable electronic device. Next, the system provides data to the web browser using a web server on the portable electronic device. Finally, the system sends a set of control instructions from the web server to the web browser, wherein the control instructions direct the web browser to obtain and display the data.

1. Field
The present embodiments relate to interaction between a web browser and a portable electronic device. More specifically, the present embodiments relate to techniques for directing the display of data in the web browser from the portable electronic device.
2. Related Art
Modern portable electronic devices typically include functionality to create, store, open, and/or update various forms of digital media. For example, a mobile phone may include a camera for capturing images, memory in which images may be stored, software for viewing images, and/or software for editing images. Moreover, the portability and convenience associated with portable electronic devices allows users of the portable electronic devices to incorporate digital media into everyday activities. For example, the camera on a mobile phone may allow a user of the mobile phone to take pictures at various times and in multiple settings, while the display screen on the mobile phone and installed software may allow the user to display the pictures to others.
However, size and resource limitations may prevent users of portable electronic devices from effectively sharing media on the portable electronic devices. For example, the display screen on a mobile phone may be too small to show pictures to a large group of people and/or at a sufficient resolution. Instead, the mobile phone user may show the pictures on a large display by copying the pictures from the mobile phone to a different electronic device that is connected to the larger display.
Hence, what is needed is a mechanism for facilitating the sharing of media from a portable electronic device.

Directing data in a web browser from a portable electronic device


Techniques for implementing mixed-radix FFT on SIMD vector processors efficiently for the latest standard in wireless communication technology by dynamically reordering stages are provided. In one aspect, a mixed-radix FFT implementation method for vector processors is provided which includes the following steps. Input data is decomposed into segments of factors based on a size of the input data, wherein the decomposing is performed in one or more stages, and wherein at each of the stages the input data is processed in blocks using one or more FFT butterfly computations for each of the blocks. The stages in which the decomposing is performed are reordered to insure complete utilization of the vector processors. The butterfly computations for one or more of the blocks are reordered to insure that the input data have memory addresses which are next to each other and contiguous.

The 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest standard in wireless communication technology. The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier modulation method in LTE to have better bandwidth efficiency, and one of the most computationally intensive operations of OFDM is Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The LTE defines various sizes of FFTs which are required at both basestations and terminals to transmit and to receive signals up to 20 MHz bandwidth. The use of large size FFTs in the physical layer consumes a significant percentage of processing power of the processor.
Mixed-radix FFT was proposed to decompose and factor the large data length into shorter lengths such as 2, 3, 4 or 5, and uses the small sized FFT modules to compute the original large sized input data length more efficiently. While there have been efforts to find efficient ways to parallelize the mixed-radix FFT implementation, the efforts were mainly focused on FFT sizes of power of 2 or power of 4, and none have been able to restructure the process efficiently to fit better on target Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) vector processors for any composite sized FFT which is factored into factors such as 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Thus, techniques for implementing mixed-radix FFT on SIMD vector processors efficiently for the latest standard in wireless communication technology such as 4G LTE would be desirable.

Techniques for improving the efficiency of mixed radix fast fourier transform

International Business Machines Corporation


The drainage bag carrier comprises a long, flattened envelope made of breathable fabric suspended from an elastic, releasable waistband. The envelope is attached to the waistband by hook and loop fasteners to allow adjustment of the length of the envelope hanging from the waistband. The drainage bag is inserted into the envelope through a slot in the outer side of the envelope, which faces outwardly from the wearer's leg. Fastening means are provided to support the drainage bag within the envelope--either medical rivets for disposable-type bags or hook and loop straps for reusable-type bags with side loops. On the inner side of the envelope, which is worn immediately adjacent to the wearer's leg, a support sleeve is placed around the leg to hold the envelope against the leg. The location of the support sleeve with respect to the drainage bag is adjustable along the length of the envelope. The envelope has pleats between the outer side and the inner side to permit expansion of the bag within the envelope. On the outer side of the envelope, just above the drainage bag, a tab is provided to hold the catheter tubing in place and to direct it downward to connect to the inlet of the drainage bag. A window is provided in the outer side of the envelope to view the contents of the drainage bag. An opening in the bottom of the envelope is provided for a drainage bag outlet.

This invention relates to carriers for receptacles used to receive discharge of body fluids, specifically to such carriers which are attached to the leg of the wearer.
Ambulatory patients who are required to have a catheter or tube in place for drainage of body fluid over an extended period of time are faced with a difficult and often uncomfortable situation of carrying a drainage bag wherever they go.
Early methods of permitting mobility included providing the drainage receptacle with a handle. This technique was still primarily limited to permit the patient to move from one treatment area to another and would not permit the patient to move readily in public without detection of the drainage system.
Many patents have been addressed to securing catheter tubing to some point of the body to prevent pulling out or shifting of the catheter (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,878,849 of Moore, et al., No. 4,088,136 of Hasslinger, et al. and No. 4,569,348 of Hasslinger, et al.). The devices disclosed generally relate to straps which can be fastened around a limb. Similar straps are used for holding drainage bags on which loops or slotted openings are provided so that the straps may be threaded through them. For example, for a disposable leg bag, two sets of slotted openings are provided, one set each at the top and bottom. A strap runs through each set of slots and is then fastened around the patient's leg. Due to the weight of a filled bag, the straps must either be fastened very tightly, or must be located straddling the patient's knee so the knee can prevent the bag from slipping down. Either method can result in substantial discomfort for the user. In addition, the polymer or plastic of which the bags are made can result in additional discomfort when held directly against the skin so that it prevents the skin from breathing.
Devices for holding catheters, IV bags and drainage bags have been incorporated into wearing apparel such as vests, (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,087,864 of LaBove, et al., No. 4,504,267 of Parmalee, et al., and No. 4,578,062 of Schneider). None of these, however, address the concerns of a leg bag which is most often used with a urethral catheter.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,122,851 to Grossner (1978) describes a urine bag carrier that lacks the ability to be adjusted in length below the belt. This fixed length does not allow the carrier to be adapted to various body lengths and comfort zones. Grossner's design therefore prohibits the carrier from being attached to the leg since it resides mainly on the hip. With movement of the wearer, shifting and moving of the unrestrained bag could cause chaffing and irritation of the skin. Moreover, this same movement could cause pulling on the catheter which could produce irritating and/or bleeding in the wearer's urinary tract. This carrier does not provide for the use of reusable-type latex urinary bags, only the disposable type. With only a belt to support the increasing weight of a filling bag, this would only magnify the deficiencies of this design noted above.
Mark-Clark (publication) does not appear to have a means of adjusting the length of the carrier to adapt to differing body lengths of the wearer. The durability of a foam support belt backed with cotton flannel can be questioned. Mark-Clark shows a 2 inch wide leg strap at the base of the drainage bag for additional support. Experience has shown that a leg strap should be of substantially greater width to adequately support a filling urinary bag because with only the lower part of the bag supported, the bag will tend to slump and pull away from the wearer's leg as the bag fills. This design also requires the wearer to use drainage bags designed specifically for this system precluding the use of other disposable or reusable type bags.
The U.S. Pat. No. 3,186,409 to Bartz (1965) provides an adhesive tape to seal the drainage tube to the top of the drainage bag, but does not provide the stabilizing property of a tie-down strap to prevent pulling on the catheter.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,511,358 to Johnson, Jr. et al. (1985) fails to provide a method for securing a catheter to the drainage bag which would allow the tube to pull on the wearer with body movement. It provides no means of visually monitoring the fluid volume collected in the bag without removing the bag from the pouch. The narrow leg straps, if not tight enough, can slip or curl and roll up and down the leg with body movement. These straps, when worn for an extended time, can cause irritation. If the leg straps need to be tightened to support the additional weight of a filling drainage bag, they can become quite uncomfortable and restrict blood circulation.
It would be desirable to provide a carrier for drainage bags which can be worn comfortably and discretely, and which is adjustable for different sizes and comfort requirements of wearers. It is to such a device that the present invention is directed.


A head of a drum or similar kind of musical instrument comprising a synthetic plastic sheet material containing surfaces with variegated color shadings to give the texture and appearance of a natural animal skin. A method of manufacture of the improved drumhead including the steps of fine sanding to produce minor surface scratches, and intensive sanding to produce deeper scoring or gouges in the top and bottom surfaces of the head. A coating of resin is applied to the surfaces and collects within the scratched and gouged areas to produce the variegated characteristics of a natural skin and manipulate the surface structure to provide vastly improved sound.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to drums and similar musical instruments and, more particularly, to a head for a drum and a method for improving the sound and appearance of the drumhead.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Drumheads of various types and materials are well-known in the prior art. U.S. Pat. No. 4,308,782 to Harty contains an informative discussion on the subject. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,091,248 and 5,581,044 to Belli are also pertinent to the technology.
Laminated drumheads, which are comprised generally of adhesively bonded sheets of synthetic fabric and plastic materials, are employed largely in conjunction with tom-toms and snares. Rarely are laminated heads used to produce a timpani drum, which is used primarily in an orchestral setting often joined by over one hundred other string, wind and percussion instruments. The laminate head simply does not produce the degree and quality of resonance and warm, rich and full sound required of a drum of this type in a symphonic setting.
Timpani heads are usually comprised either of a single plastic sheet material, such as MYLAR.RTM., or ideally of a natural animal skin. A timpani head must vibrate sufficiently to produce the quality and volume of sound required to be an effective percussion instrument in a large orchestra. Plastic heads have their drawbacks as they do not resonate sufficiently or produce a full enough sound to perform at optimum levels in an orchestral setting. These heads are not susceptible to proper pitch control and consistently suffer from sound decay. They also have a characteristic plastic or "clicking" sound that many musicians, particularly timpanists, find distracting and unappealing. Laminate drumheads, principally because of the nature and complexity of their double layered construction, simply do not vibrate or resonate adequately enough to produce the desired timpani sound. They act as a poor substitute for a natural animal skin head.
Plastic drumheads may also include slightly roughened surfaces. But these surfaces constitute only mere umperfections in the material. These slight projections and depressions, when they appear, are inherent in the material and are not placed there intentionally for the purpose of achieving a specific look or sound.
In the rare instance where a drumhead surface is intentionally given some degree of texture, it occurs for the sole purpose of enabling the drummer to produce a shuffling or scratchy sound as the drumstick or brush is made to move along the head surface. Improved sound quality or appearance, such as a more natural look, is not the objective in these instances.
Absolutely nothing in the prior art has succeeded in creating a synthetic head to ideally match the sound qualities and appearance of a natural skin. Animal skins produce a more sophisticated, resonant sound, particularly in the lower ranges, which drummers of all disciplines generally prefer. The sounds are rich and warm and decidedly focused and the pitch is more centered. Pitch control is much easier with drumheads fashioned from animal skin. However, animal skins are much more costly than synthetic heads. Skins also have a tendency to absorb moisture, which can have a dramatically negative effect on the quality of the sound and the pitch produced by the drumhead. Depending on the climate, the humidity condition(s) and the extent of any moisture absorbed by the head, the sound generated by a head comprised of natural skin will differ from one location to another, often substantially.
The present invention solves the foregoing problems in the prior art by employing a relatively less expensive head comprised of only a single sheet of plastic material, which is fashioned carefully to produce a head that has the look and sound of a head made from a genuine skin. The plastic sheet material employed by the present invention is roughened up on both sides with various grits of sandpaper or emery cloth to control the depth and breadth of the texture and then coated with a resin. The resin coats the surfaces of the head and collects in the scratched and gouged areas produced by the sanding process. The areas where the resin collects tend to produce shades with varying intensity, giving the head the characteristics and appearance of an authentic skin. The improved head produces more resonance and has significantly more overtones than anything preceding it in the prior art. It also has the appearance of a genuine animal skin without any of the major disadvantages. A method of manufacture of the improved drumhead is also provided.


A joint spacer member for a pivotable connection between first and second yokes of a windshield wiper assembly includes a longitudinally extending U-shaped portion including first and second sides with a connecting side extending therebetween, the U-shaped portion having a first longitudinal end and a second longitudinal end, each of the first and second sides having a central section and resilient sections, wherein the resilient sections extend at an incline with respect to each of the central sections from each of the central sections to each of the ends.

This invention relates to a windshield wiper and, particularly, to a windshield wiper adapted for use in a vehicle such as an automobile and the like.
A typical prior art windshield wiper comprises a wiper arm, a primary yoke member connected pivotally to one end of the wiper arm at the lengthwise central portion thereof, a pair of secondary yoke members connected respectively and pivotally to the opposite ends of the primary yoke member, and a blade rubber assembly connected to opposite ends of respective secondary yoke members.
Usually, the yoke members have respectively generally U-shaped form having spaced apart side walls at the pivotal connecting portions, and a pivot pin extends through respective side walls of the inner and outer members. Further, a spacer member is usually disposed between side walls of the outer and inner members. The spacer member acts to absorb excessive clearance in the sidewise direction or in the direction of the axis of the pivot pin, and to reduce the friction during the pivotal movement.
However, in such prior art construction, there are shortcomings that manufacturing tolerance of the yoke members and the spacer member tends to cause excessive clearance, and excessive axial clearance tends to cause a noisy sound.
The present invention aims to overcome above described shortcomings in the windshield wiper.

Joint spacer for the yoke of a windshield wiper


The combustion system for implementing the process has a combustion grate, hoppers below the combustion grate for supplying primary combustion gas through the grate and nozzles that lead into the furnace above the combustion grate to supply secondary combustion gas. At least one extraction duct for flue gas is provided at the rear end of the furnace above the combustion grate. This duct is connected to the suction side of a fan. The pressure side is connected to nozzles arranged in the upper area of the flue gas pass. The nozzle height allows the flue gases a residence time of at least 1 second after secondary gas is supplied.

A method of this kind is known from EP 0498014 B 2. In this case, the method was used to reduce the flue gas flow but did not deal with the possibilities for reducing pollutant emissions.
It is a known fact that a part of the nitrogen in the waste reacts during combustion to become NO/NO2, which leaves the combustion process with the flue gases and must undergo complex treatment to prevent its being released into the environment as a pollutant (NOx/nitrogen oxide). Another part of the nitrogen in the combustion process reacts to become NH2 or CN compounds/radicals. These intermediate products are instable at high temperatures and undergo further reactions. Since the intermediate products/radicals are capable of reducing already formed NO/NO2 to N2, it makes sense to design combustion control to use this effect as a denitrification process inherent in the system.

Method for supplying combustion gas in incineration systems

Martin GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik


The present invention discloses an apparatus for adapting an electronic or electrical device enclosure for mounting on a DIN mounting rail having two opposed outwardly extending flanges. The apparatus comprises a DIN mounting rail bracket having provisions for attaching to the enclosure of the electrical or electronic device. The mounting rail bracket is provided with a hook for receiving a portion of one of the outwardly extending flanges of the DIN rail. The mounting rail bracket is also provided with a selectively operable locking and releasing mechanism opposite the hook for locking onto and releasing from a portion of the other outwardly extending flange of the DIN rail.

Most electrical or electronic device enclosures including photoelectric sensor enclosures are provided with holes for attaching to a mounting bracket. The mounting bracket is generally an L-shaped bracket designed for mounting the device to a flat surface. These L-shaped brackets generally include holes on one leg for attaching to the device enclosure and holes on the other leg for attaching to the mounting surface. Devices which have provisions for mounting on DIN rails have had these provisions incorporated as an integral part of the device enclosure. Mounting on a DIN rail requires locking mechanism and a release mechanism which generally includes a movable or flexible part which can be released from the mounting rail. Rymer U.S. Pat. No. 3,992,074 discloses a flexible latching member formed as an integral part of the device while the Idec Corporation model FFR 1H OPTO FIBER SENSOR incorporates a sliding latch retained by a spring which permits it to engage and disengage the DIN mounting rail. By incorporating the DIN mounting rail provisions as a part of the device enclosure the manufacturing cost of the device is increased. In many instances manufacturing time is also increased since some assembly may be required to install the release mechanism parts to the device enclosure.


A cover that is assembled from a front assembly (3+6) and a base element (2) is produced in that the front assembly including the front plate (3) and the light conductor pin (6) are integrally injection molded in two subsequent injection molding steps, while the base element (2) is injection molded remote there from. Subsequently, the two components which are arranged in the different tool halves (101, 102) are brought in alignment with one another with an index plate (103) and are joined through closing the tool and are preferably interlocked with one another.

Covers of this type for automotive applications in dashboards have to be high quality, thus not only sized correctly, but also very high quality with respect to the surface structure and the imprimation edges.
Covers of this type are typically not only made from a front plate providing the actual cover function but also from a base element extending from the backside of the front plate in depth direction, so that the front plate and the base element together provide a three-dimensional cover which is stable enough by itself for handling and assembly purposes and in which additional functions can be integrated.
For this purpose, the front plate is typically made from transparent material and is covered with a light permeable layer on its front side which is only interrupted where a light permeable, in particular backlit portion, shall be provided in the cover. For this purpose, the non light permeable layer is initially applied fully covering the surface of the front plate and subsequently removed again in the desired portions e.g. through laser impact.
An additional function of this type is e.g. the configuration of pass-through openings extending in the depth direction of the cover, in particular of the base element of the cover which can be closed on the front side by the front plate or can also be left open.
The pass-throughs that are open on the front side are used e.g. for inserting switches, actuation knobs which themselves in turn can form a cover according to the invention or similar from the front side of the cover, while the blind hole channels that are closed on the front side by the front plate have other functions and typically are not only used for stabilizing the base element.
Thus, e.g. portions of the cover, e.g. particular blind holes are backlit from the backside of the cover e.g. by LEDs which are arranged in a respective position on a circuit board arranged behind the cover.
In particular when the portion to be illuminated in the front plate of the cover is relatively small and due to the extension into the depth of the cover, the illuminating LED is relatively far behind the front plate, e.g. 1 to 2 cm or more, the illumination effect on the front plate is too small.
For this purpose, it is known to arrange a typically pin shaped light conductor made from plastic material in the dead hole of the cover, wherein the light conductor bridges the distance between the illuminating LED and the front plate that is light permeable in this portion in order to let a greater light volume reach the front plate. The light conductor pins are thus typically made from a transparent light permeable plastic material and the light conductor effect typically includes that at the side surfaces of the light conductor pin that extend along the light conductor pin, a reflection of the impacting light occurs and the light is reflected back into the light conductor.
In this context, it is already known that the light conductor function of the light conductor pins is less when the light conductor pins are produced through filling the dead hole channel with transparent plastic material through an injection molding method, thus the light conductor pins are melted together on their entire lateral surfaces with the surrounding walls of the dead hole, thus of the base element of the cover.
A melting together of the front face surface and/or of the front portion of the side surfaces of the light conductor pin, in particular with the backside of the front plate however is essentially harmless since a pass-through of the light rays is particularly desirable at this location.
Therefore, it is known to produce the cover and the light conductor pins separately, in particular produce them through injection molding and subsequently insert the light conductors from behind into the dead holes that are open in the back, where they are typically interlocked through friction locking or form locking of light conductor pin and dead hole.
This, however, means high logistics complexity and assembly complexity since the cover and light conductor pins initially have to be produced separately, though also possibly in the same injection molding tool, subsequently the light conductor pins have to be removed from the injection mold, stored in an intermediary manner, shipped to the assembly location, aligned correctly with the dead hole channel and inserted into the dead hole channels. Whether this is performed manually or automatically, the complexity is very high, also for automated assembly in particular the investment for extraction devices, assembly devices, transport devices, storage devices, etc., in particular for the up to 20 light conductor pins or more per cover is very high.
Another problem in this context is that covers of this type with respect to the shape of the face of the front plate typically are not flat but have a camber which can not only be provided in one spatial direction but in two spatial directions as it is often the case for covers for the dashboards for motor vehicles.
Since, due to injection molding reasons, the camber of the face side of the front plate is typically also provided on the backside of the front plate in order to provide and even wall thickness of the front plate and the light conductor pins shall contact the backside of the front plate with its faces surface, this means that light conductor pins that are to be inserted into a cover of this type, which can also be 10, 20 or more light conductor pins are not identical with one another, but respectively slightly different with respect to length, camber of the face surface, positioning of the snap-locking elements in their longitudinal extension etc.
This means that the light conductor pins are not exchangeable among one another with respect to the particular dead hole channels and due to the small dimensions of the light conductor pins, thus a length of 1 to 2 cm and a transversal extension of a few millimeters, the existing differences between the light conductors are so small that they typically cannot be detected with bare eyes. When subsequently assembling the light conductor pins in the respective dead hole channels of the cover, this typically leads to mix-ups when the light conductor pins are not separated from one another right from the beginning according to their types and even then mix-ups still occur.
However, when an incorrect light conductor pin is pressed into a dead hole channel during assembly, this is additionally often not recognized during assembly since the physical differences between the particular light conductors are very small.
This error typically only becomes apparent later, either because the subsequent assembly of the cover configured with light conductors is not possible in a surrounding component or it comes to damages either at the cover or at the incorrectly used light conductor or at the receiving component surrounding the cover.
For vendors that deliver covers for a larger sub-assembly, this causes great difficulties when reject parts due to incorrectly inserted light conductor pins are not detected and an deficient part is delivered to the customer.


A receptacle and dipping assembly aid in the preparation of a tissue sample for frozen histologic sectioning. A receptacle receives a tissue sample and O.C.T. compound. A chuck in inserted into the receptacle. A dipping assembly receives the receptacle and holds the chuck in proper orientation while the receptacle is cooled and the O.C.T. and tissue are frozen. The chuck, with the frozen block of O.C.T. and tissue attached thereto, is removed from the receptacle and placed in a microtome for slicing of the tissue.

The present invention relates generally to a device and method for preparing a tissue specimen for frozen sectioning in surgical pathology, histopathology and MOHS. More particularly, the present invention relates to a device and method for preparing tissue sections for microscopic examination during surgery using frozen section technique for extirpation of neoplasms.
Frozen sectioning is used in surgical pathology, histopathology and MOHS to relatively quickly yield tissue sections for microscopic examination. Frozen sectioning is particularly useful for tumor margin analysis. The use of histologic sections guides or assists a surgeon during surgery to determine whether all of the cancerous cells or neoplasm are excised and, if not, where to make further surgical excisions. The technique involves an iterative process of excising tissue, examining it and then excising additional tissue as dictated by the examined tissue sample. More specifically, a portion of tissue is excised and sliced into sections in a microtome. The tissue slices are examined microscopically and then another area is selected for excision based on the examination of the slices. The next tissue sample is excised and the sample is sliced into sections which are examined microscopically to determine whether they contains residual neoplasm. Mapping techniques are used to record tumor location and to determine which tissue adjacent to the previous tissue sample should be excised next. The procedure is repeated until the excised tissue specimen shows no residual neoplasm.
In general, the preparation of tissue slices involves encasing or embedding the tissue specimen in an O.C.T. substance and then slicing the solidified block in a microtome, yielding slices that contain a generally peripheral portion of O.C.T., with an internal portion of tissue section in most of the slices. xe2x80x9cO.C.T.xe2x80x9d stands for xe2x80x9coptimal cutting temperaturexe2x80x9d and, as the name suggests, is a substance that makes it easier to cut or slice the tissue specimen. O.C.T. is typically liquid or semi-liquid at room temperature. It is poured in liquid form over the tissue specimen and then is solidified by cooling it to a temperature below its freezing point.
Typically, an excised tissue portion is generally curved or parabolic in cross-section. However, to obtain tissue slices or sections that are satisfactory for microscopic examination, the face of a specimen to be sectioned should be planar and parallel to the path of relative movement between the microtome knife and the specimen, thus ensuring that all of the surgical margin is included in the first several slices or sections. When performing frozen sections for tumor extirpation, this is of particular importance for accurate histologic or microscopic interpretation. For general diagnostic frozen sectioning, this is advantageous because it saves time. Therefore, the parabolic or curved specimens should be flattened before they are encased in O.C.T. to produce good quality slices. This is often difficult and tedious because the edges of tissue specimens are typically inclined to curl or not lie flat.
The frozen section technique requires the fast preparation and examination of fresh tissue. Therefore, techniques used to prepare fixed tissue for permanent section analysis are not applicable.
One method of preparing fresh tissue samples for slides for use in a frozen section technique is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,695,339 to Rada. Rada describes placing a tissue specimen on a polished platform, placing a membrane over the specimen, manipulating the specimen with a tool to flatten it on the platform, then using a vacuum device to further flatten the specimen against the platform. Rada then describes freezing the tissue specimen by applying liquid nitrogen to it with a swab. Thereafter, the frozen specimen is entombed in O.C.T. by applying the O.C.T. to the platform that holds the tissue and to another mateable platform. The two platforms are pressed together until the O.C.T. solidifies. The platforms are then pulled apart, and the solidified block of O.C.T with the tissue specimen embedded therein is removed from the platform to which it adheres. This process involves one step for freezing the tissue and then later in the process requires another step for solidifying the O.C.T. Further, the process requires the use of vacuum equipment.
The efficiency and accuracy of the frozen section technique is affected by the quality of the tissue slices. What has been needed is an elegant and effective method and device for preparing tissue slices or sections that allows the entire excised tissue surface to be examined. Further, a method and device are needed which minimize the size, bulk, and power requirements of the equipment involved in the process. Still further, what is needed is a process that reduces the amount of time required for preparing tissue sections.
The present invention provides a device, method, and kit for preparing tissue samples for sectioning. According to one aspect of the invention, a device is disclosed that includes a cup-shaped receptacle having a planar surface on which a specimen is flattened. The cup shape of the receptacle allows OCT to be poured directly into the cup over the specimen. The receptacle accommodates a chuck member that has a planar surface sized to be received in the cup-shaped receptacle.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method is disclosed for preparing tissue samples for sectioning. The method includes the steps of placing a tissue sample or specimen on a planar surface inside a cup-shaped receptacle, then pouring or applying O.C.T. into the receptacle in an amount sufficient to cover the specimen. Next, a chuck member, having a planar surface sized to be received within the cup-shaped receptacle, is inserted into the receptacle. The O.C.T. forms a barrier between the chuck planar surface and the specimen so that the specimen does not adhere to the chuck. The assembly of the receptacle and chuck with the O.C.T. and specimen therebetween is exposed to a temperature low enough to quickly freeze the specimen and the O.C.T., creating a solidified block of O.C.T. with the specimen embedded therein. The solidified block is then sliced for examination.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a method is disclosed for preparing a tissue specimen for sectioning, including the steps of: providing a cup-shaped receptacle having a first generally planar surface; providing a chuck member having a second generally planar surface sized to be received within said receptacle; placing a tissue sample on said receptacle planar surface; pouring a substance in liquid form into said receptacle; inserting said second planar surface into said receptacle; decreasing the temperature of said substance at least to its freezing point such that said that substance forms a solidified block with the specimen frozen therein.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method is disclosed for conveniently forming a solidified block of O.C.T. with tissue embedded therein on a chuck. The chuck, loaded with solidified O.C.T. and tissue, is then easily carried to a microtome for slicing while preserving the orientation of the flattened tissue surface.
According to another aspect of the invention, a device is disclosed for facilitating the alignment of a chuck member in a cup-shaped receptacle which thereby assists in orienting the chuck to the tissue specimen. In disclosed embodiments, the alignment device is configured with a handle that is spaced from the assembly of the chuck member and the receptacle. The handle allows the user to dip the entire assembly of the chuck member and the receptacle into liquid nitrogen for simultaneously freezing the specimen and encasing it in a solidified block of O.C.T.
According to another aspect of the invention, an assembly having a based for receiving a receptacle and a cap for orienting the chuck within the receptacle and for holding the chuck in proper orientation during dipping of the cup and chuck into a coolant, with the assembly having a handle portion spaced from the cup, such that a user can dip the receptacle and chuck in coolant while maintaining the proper orientation of the chuck in the receptacle.
According to another aspect of the invention, a kit is disclosed including a chuck and a mating receptacle for conveniently embedding a tissue sample in O.C.T. for frozen tissue sectioning.

Device and method for preparing tissue specimen for histologic sectioning


A friction stir spot welding structure includes a pair configured of an upper side flange portion and a lower side flange portion that are friction stir spot welded together by being pressed by a rotating pin rotating from one thickness direction side at a mutually overlapping location. A pair of protruding portions that project out in a protruding shape from the upper side flange portion toward the lower side flange portion are formed to the upper side flange portion. A pair of engagement holes into which the pair of protruding portions are inserted are formed to the lower side flange portion.

Technical Field
The present invention relates to a friction stir spot welding structure.
Related Art
Friction stir welding is known as a joining method in which a pair of panel members are joined together in a overlapped state (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 2007-289976). Friction stir spot welding is also known as a similar type of joining method to friction stir welding.
In friction stir spot welding (FSSW or SFSW (spot friction stir welding)), first, the pair of mutually overlapped panel members are gripped by a clamp. Next, a rotating pin projecting out from a leading end of a tool is pressed, while rotating, against one panel member of the pair of panel members. A joint portion of the pair of panel members is softened by frictional heat accompanying the friction with the rotating pin, and the softened joint portion is stirred (plastic flow) by the rotating pin so as to become an integral unit.
There is a possibility of cracks, buckling, and the like occurring in the panel member if the panel member being pressed by the rotating pin follows the rotation of the rotating pin while this is being performed.


A wireless sensor network includes a controller connected with multiple antennas for sending out a beacon signal at different instants into different directions and for receiving a sensor signal. Furthermore, the wireless sensor network comprises a sensor having a receiver connected with a sensor antenna for receiving the beacon signal, a transmitter connected with the sensor antenna for sending out the sensor signal, and a control unit which takes care that the sensor signal is transmitted after the beacon signal has been received.

In general, a wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a set of sensor nodes S1, S2, . . . SK which are centrally controlled by means of a central controller C, which in the following is also referred to as WSN controller. The sensor nodes S1, S2, . . . SK are deployed over a geographical area. Each sensor or sensor node S1, S2, . . . SK by measurement collects information about a physical phenomenon and forwards its measurement result via a wireless link to the WSN controller C for further processing. Since the costs of the sensor nodes S1, S2, . . . SK should be reduced and the sensor nodes are usually powered by batteries, the sensor design should aim to reduce the implementation complexity and the power consumption. The central controller C, however, does not have the same limitations on cost and power. Therefore, in order to enhance the performance of a WSN, methods and functions should be identified that can mainly be implemented at the central controller C and avoid increasing the complexity of sensor nodes S1, S2, . . . SK.
R. Laroia, P. Visawanath, and D. Tse have described in "Opportunistic beamforming using dumb antennas", IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 48, pp. 1277-1294, 2002, the concept of opportunistic beamforming with dumb antennas for the downlink in a cellular mobile communication system for exploiting multi-user diversity and suppressing adjacent cell interference. The scheme uses multiple antennas at the basestation to transmit the same signal from each antenna modulated by a complex gain whose value is changing in a controlled, but random fashion. Each mobile user measures the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) by tracking a pilot signal that is repeatedly radiated at the transmit antennas of the basestation. All mobile users feed back their measurements to the basestation which analyzes the fed-back SINRs values in order to form a rule for efficiently scheduling a downlink message transfer to the mobile users.

Signal transmission between a sensor and a controller device in a wireless sensor network


A sound absorbing panel having a front surface and rear surface, the front surface having a plurality of parallel grooves therein, the rear surface having for each groove in the front surface, a row of bores aligned with respect to the groove, each bore extending into the sound absorbing panel toward the groove with a first diameter to a depth below the depth of the grooves, and thereafter extending with a second smaller diameter into the groove, thereby communicating with the respective one of the grooves, the second diameter being smaller than the width of the grooves.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a panel shaped element, specifically for sound absorbing structures and to a sound absorbing installation.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Generally known are panel shaped elements which include through bores. The prior art includes also tube chipboards having grooves at their visible side or offset, continuous slots, resp. Further known are longitudinally and laterally grooved panels whereby the front side is longitudinally grooved and the backside is laterally grooved. Also, known, furthermore, are panels structured of a porous material. All these known panel shaped elements can be varied in relatively restricted limits only in such a manner that they are suitable for a broad spectrum of acoustical problems, specifically for sound protection purposes.

Panel shaped element, specifically for sound absorbing structures and a sound absorbing installation


A method and apparatus select a peripheral for use with a computer. The method comprises the following steps: identifying a network switch to which the computer is connected; determining all peripherals connected to the network switch; and choosing one of the determined peripherals according to a predetermined criteria. According to the predetermined criteria, if the number of predetermined peripherals is one, then the predetermined peripheral is chosen; if the number of predetermined peripherals is more than a predetermined number, then none of the predetermined peripherals is chosen; if the number of predetermined peripherals is less than a predetermined number, then one of the predetermined peripherals is chosen. Optionally, the method also reads a connection table in the network switch. The apparatus comprises a network switch identification module, a peripheral determination agent and a peripheral selection logic. The peripheral determination agent is connected to the network switch identification module. The peripheral selection logic is connected to the peripheral determination agent. Optionally, the apparatus also comprises a switch connection table reader, connected to the peripheral determination agent and/or a secondary criteria agent, connected to the peripheral selection logic. In some embodiments, the apparatus also includes a main control module, connected to the a network switch identification module, the peripheral determination agent, and the peripheral selection logic. In other embodiments, the apparatus is a host computer including a network interface, connected to the network switch identification module and the peripheral determination agent. In yet other embodiments, the apparatus is a computer network, including a network switch and a printer, connected to the network switch.

In order to use a peripheral device with a computer, it is often necessary to configure the computer to be able to communicate with and control the peripheral. For example, in order to use a printer, it is necessary to configure the computer to send print jobs to a printer. Configuring a computer to use a peripheral device may prove to be a difficult task at times. Ideally, users should be able to simply plug their peripheral into a power outlet, connect the peripheral to the computer, and then begin using the peripheral without any additional effort.
However, the way in which a peripheral is connected to a computer greatly influences the amount of effort required to configure the computer to use the peripheral. If the computer and printer, for example, are connected through a direct connection (e.g., a parallel or serial connection), then automatic configuration can occur with some operating systems. Software that resides in the operating system periodically checks for the presence of directly connected peripherals. If any peripherals are found for which the computer is not configured to use, the identity of the peripheral is determined using conventional means (e.g., PML (peripheral management language)) and the necessary configuration takes place to enable the computer to use the peripheral. This typically involves installing software or other user intervention. Because the peripheral is directly connected to the computer, an assumption is made that the computer should be configured to be able to use it.
Unfortunately, the method described above does not work well when applied to networked peripherals. A network may have many peripherals, only a portion of which are of interest to a given computer. Users would be dissatisfied if their computer were configured to use every available network peripheral; for example, users want their computer configured only for those printers to which they are likely to print. Providing access to all printers may overburden their computer with unnecessary printing software and would make selecting a printer more difficult since there would be a potentially unbounded number of printers from which to choose. For example, it would generally not be appropriate to setup a computer system to use a printer that is on a different floor or in a different building. In short, the assumption that is applied to direct connected peripherals does not necessarily apply to network connected peripherals; just because a network peripheral is available to a computer does not mean that the computer should be configured to be able to use it.
It is still necessary, however, to configure a networked computer to be able to use a subset of network peripherals that are relevant to the user. Today, printers are typically identified using two methods. According to a first method, the user is provided with a list of network peripherals discovered using conventional means. This list contains identifying information such as a model name of the peripheral and a network address. The user takes advantage of this information to select the peripheral for which they wish to configure their computer. For example, a user will often print a self-test page to determine the hardware network address (e.g., Ethernet address) of a printer in order to make an accurate selection. According to a second method, the user enters the network address of the peripheral directly into software, without consulting the list of discovered peripherals.
Both of these methods often require the user to select the desired printer by its network address. In the first method, the user may be able to determine the desired printer simply from the model name; however, when more than one particular model of a printer exists on the network, it may be difficult to choose which printer of a particular model to configure. Although common practice today, it is an unacceptable burden to require users to know details of a computer network, such as the network address of the printer. Furthermore, users should not have to print a self-test page to obtain the information necessary to configure their computer to use a printer.

Selection of a candidate peripheral device

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


The method and apparatus of the invention simultaneously induces the same variable frequency mechanical vibrations in a test part and a standard. The vibrations of the two are converted to signals which are either displayed for comparison purposes or automatically analyzed for differences. Advantageously, the signals are electrical signals providing spectra which are analyzed for differences in amplitudes produced by the signals. Where the parts are separately supported, they are held with substantially the same force and are maintained against the vibration inducing mechanism with the same force. Where accelerometers are used, they are held with substantially the same force against the vibrating parts.

It is known that similar parts will produce similar patterns of vibration amplitudes over a range of frequencies with the greatest amplitudes being at the resonant frequencies. When one of these parts has one or more defects, a substantial variation in the pattern will be produced and it is known to use this variation to detect flaws in production parts.
The above-known principles were employed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,043,132 which is incorporated herein by reference. In the case of this patent, the resonant frequencies of a part are first obtained and then used to determine circuit values in order to provide for output signals indicating whether or not a part being tested has resonances corresponding to a standard. In accordance with this invention, all such preliminary computations are eliminated by simultaneously comparing the part being tested with a standard part known to be free of defects or with another portion of the part being tested expected to have the same amplitude pattern as the portion being tested.


Apparatus and method for killing mosquitoes outdoors and in the neighborhood of a building normally occupied by humans or animals, has an electrical grid for killing the mosquitoes and which is suitable for mounting adjacent the building and is connectable to a supply of voltage, the grid separating an interior space, usually within the surrounding grid, from the atmosphere outside of the building, and being such that, when the grid is attached to a voltage supply, mosquitoes are killed on attempting to pass through the grid. A duct connects the interior space to the interior of the building so that air containing carbon dioxide produced by occupants of the building passes through the duct and into the interior space where it attracts mosquitoes to the grid for electrocution. Preferably, the apparatus includes a fan for pulling air containing carbon dioxide from inside the building through the duct and into said interior space.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the eradication of mosquitoes outdoors, especially close to dwellings or other buildings having humans or animals. The invention provides a system whereby the mosquitoes may be destroyed on a continual basis, where they gather, so that the insect population will decline.
It is the breeding female mosquitoes that are most active and which are attracted to humans and animals. By destroying these females the overall quantity of eggs laid within a specific area will be reduced and the overall number of mosquitoes will decline.
The invention makes use of the common knowledge that mosquitoes are attracted to heat and carbon dioxide. It is also known that these insects congregate at the lee side of buildings away from direct sunlight and wind. They will gather in the evening hours especially when the outside temperature drops below the temperature inside the building.
2. Prior Art
Many devices for killing mosquitoes outdoors are known. The majority of these use an electrically charged grid capable of killing mosquitoes which attempt to pass through the grid. The mosquitoes are attracted to the grid by various means, including canisters which produce carbon dioxide and/or special attractant chemicals, combustion of fuel which produces carbon dioxide, or by light, or heat. The use of these various attractants is discussed in the following patents:
U.S. Pat. No. 5,020,270, issued Jun. 4, 1991 to Lo;
U.S. Pat. No. 5,255,468, issued Oct. 26, 1993 to Cheshire, Jr.;
U.S. Pat. No. 5,301,458, issued Apr. 12, 1994 to Deyoreo, et al;
U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,018, issued Jan. 21, 1997 to Wilbanks;
U.S. Pat. No. 5,647,164, issued Jul. 15, 1997 to Yates;
U.S. Pat. No. 5,799,436, issued Sep. 1, 1998 to Nolen, et al.;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,050,025, issued Apr. 18, 2000 to Wilbanks, and
U.S. Pat. No. 6,055,766, issued May 2, 2000 to Nolen, et al.
Systems using canisters or fuel for providing carbon dioxide and/or other attractants have the disadvantage that the canisters or fuel need constant replenishment or replacement. The present invention provides apparatus which avoids this drawback, and which can operate for lengthy periods with nothing but a small supply of electricity.
Applicant is also aware of U.S. Pat. No. 6,305,122, issued Oct. 23, 2001 to Iwao, et al., which issue date is after Applicant""s priority date. The Iwao, et al. patent is different from the others in that, in addition to using chemical-type carbon dioxide generators of various kinds, it also suggests using carbon dioxide produced by humans or animals. Specifically, it includes a fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 and 12 which uses carbon dioxide produced by dogs to kill mosquitoes in the neighbourhood of a dog house, and fifth and sixth embodiments shown respectively in FIGS. 12 to 14, and in FIGS. 15 and 16, which use carbon dioxide produced by human beings, along with heat produced by a heater, to attract the mosquitoes to the neighbourhood of a house. The fifth embodiment uses a sticky sheet to trap the mosquitoes, whereas the fourth and sixth embodiments use electric grids to kill the mosquitoes.
In the dog house version of the Iwao, et al. patent, the electric grid is in the ceiling of the dog house so that dead mosquitoes will fall inside the house. In the sixth embodiment, the grid is held vertically within a box structure installed in the wall of a house, so that dead mosquitoes will pile up inside this structure against the grid. No method of removing the mosquitoes is described; removal would seem to require some disassembly of the box structure. If not removed the dead mosquitoes would reduce the effective area of the grid.
The present invention avoids the need for canisters, fuel, etc., for supplying carbon dioxide by using the carbon dioxide produced by humans or animals inside a building, this carbon dioxide being ducted to mosquito killing apparatus which is located outside the building. Heat and moisture produced inside the building may also provide supplemental attractants. Unlike with the Iwao, et al. patent, the apparatus of this invention causes the dead mosquitoes to drop away easily from an electric grid and fall outside the building, and no special mosquito removal step is required.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, apparatus for killing mosquitoes outdoors and in the neighbourhood of a building with an interior normally occupied by humans or animals, comprises:
exterminating means including an electrical grid, said means being suitable for mounting outdoors and adjacent said building and connectable to a supply of voltage, said grid separating an interior space from an atmosphere outside of the building, and being such that, when the grid is attached to a voltage supply, mosquitoes are killed on attempting to pass through the grid;
a duct for passing through a wall of the building and for connecting said interior space to the interior of the building,
the arrangement being such that air containing carbon dioxide produced by occupants of the building passes through the duct and into said interior space where it attracts mosquitoes to the grid for electrocution,
and wherein said grid is disposed above a relatively unobstructed space to allow mosquitoes to fall freely away from the grid and outside the building.
Generally, the grid is situated so that dead mosquitoes simply fall to the ground under the grid and outside the wall of the building. While the grid may be vertical, in preferred embodiments the grid is generally flat and either horizontal or sloping, in each case having its downwards side facing the outside atmosphere, so that dead mosquitoes may more easily fall off. If any container is used to collect the dead mosquitoes, this is spaced so that it does not cause mosquitoes to pile up against the grid, as would happen in the Iwao et al. patent.
The apparatus is mounted on an outside wall of a building, preferably on the lee side, with the duct passing through an opening in the wall to access the interior air. Preferably a fan, such as an in-line fan or duct fan, moves warm, moist air containing carbon dioxide from inside the building and through the duct into the interior space, which is inside the grid or adjacent the grid. The interior space may be inside an inner cylindrical grid of a standard kind of mosquito exterminating device sometimes termed an xe2x80x9cELECTRIC KILLING DEVICExe2x80x9d or EKD. Such devices usually have a light for attracting the mosquitoes, but this light is not needed with apparatus in accordance with this invention. The air passes out through the grid of the EKD into the atmosphere. Mosquitoes detect the warm, carbon dioxide containing air and follow the trail back to the EKD; as they try to locate the source of the air they strike the grid and are electrocuted. The dead insects fall out of the open bottom of the EKD to the ground or into a suitable container.
The use of a fan is a further distinction over the Iowa, et al. patent in which the corresponding sixth embodiment has no fan so that there would seem to be little movement of carbon dioxide to the outside where it can attract mosquitoes.
Preferably a screen is provided in the duct which prevents any mosquitoes entering the building even when the grid is not energized.
The invention also provides a method for killing mosquitoes, comprising conducting carbon dioxide containing air, produced by humans or animals inside a building, through a duct to the outside of the building, and supplying this air to an interior space separated from the outside atmosphere by an electrically charged grid, so as to attract mosquitoes to the grid where they are killed, and allowing the killed mosquitoes to fall away from the grid.

Method and apparatus for the systematic eradication of mosquitoes adjacent to dwellings


When pressure detected by a pressure sensor connected to a calibration standard cell has continuously fallen within a regulated pressure range at calibration for a regulated duration at calibration, zero-adjustment is performed based on the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor. Then, communication between the plurality of cells is created to perform internal pressure adjustment of the plurality of cells to a predetermined internal pressure value, based on the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor connected to the calibration standard cell and calibrate each of pressure sensors connecting to the plurality of cells, based on the adjusted internal pressure. With this scheme, it is possible to a mattress and the like that can perform zero-point adjustment efficiently by adjusting the zero point in the same manner even if the mattress is formed of a plurality of branches, without releasing the pressure sensor of each cell to atmospheric pressure.

The air mattress formed of cells inflated by air pressure has been conventionally known. The air mattress is used as a Body pressure dispersion mattress and the like, and this mattress is useful for presenting bedsores from occurring over the body of a patient by dispersing the load of the body of the patient lying over the mattress to reduce the pressure acting on the body.
Herein, for individual cells of the air mattress, it is necessary to regulate the pressure inside each cell within a prescribed range (which will be referred to hereinbelow as "internal pressure control"). In order to perform internal pressure control, the pressure is measured first using a pressure sensor, then based on the measured pressure, each cell is inflated or deflated to regulate the pressure.
Herein, before performing internal pressure control, zero-point adjustment should be performed in order to measure pressure correctly. As a method for performing zero-point adjustment, a device disclosed in Patent Document 1 has been known, for instance.

Mattress, pressure sensor calibration method, and bed device