A system for decomposing a liquid or gaseous organic compound comprises a ultraviolet decomposition unit and an intermediate product treatment apparatus. The ultraviolet decomposition unit decomposes an organic compound contained in polluted liquid or polluted gas by irradiating ultraviolet rays whose wavelength is less than 300 nm to the polluted liquid or the polluted gas containing the organic compound. An acid electrolytic water feed pipe and an alkali electrolytic water feed pipe are respectively connected to the intermediate product treatment apparatus through valves to neutralize an intermediate product, which results from decomposition of the organic compound, for decomposition by selectively adding strong alkali electrolytic water and strong acid electrolytic water to the polluted liquid or the polluted gas containing the intermediate product.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a system for decomposing a gaseous or liquid organic compound.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Organic compounds such as trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene have been used over a long term of years as detergents and solvents in the field related to semiconductors as well as the field of metal oil cleaning, dry cleaning and the like because of their high solvency.
However, it has been recently ascertained that carcinogen is contained in these chlorine organic compounds, so that their harmfulness constitutes a social problem, resulting in enforcement of regulation on emission of the chlorine organic compounds. For this reason, in places of industries that have emitted a large quantity of chlorine organic compounds after use in the past, pollution of the soil, as well as pollution of the ground water, within the sites and the peripheries thereof is at serious issue.
In addition, polluted gas containing a certain kind of organic compound emits an offensive odor, which sometimes causes environmental deterioration.
To purify the ground water, there has been normally the need for regeneration of an organic compound by pumping up polluted ground water with a storage pump and then removing the organic compound contained in the pumped-up ground water by adsorption with activated carbon, or alternatively, separating the organic compound contained in the polluted ground water by adsorption with the activated carbon or the like after separating the organic compound as exhaust gas with the aeration equipment. For this reason, the large-scaled adsorption equipment using the activated carbon is required for places that are polluted in high concentration over a wide area, so that a burden on the facility cost, as well as the running cost, constitutes a problem.
In addition, to purify the soil, there has been the need for regeneration of an organic compound by drawing soil gas by suction and then removing the organic compound contained in the soil gas by adsorption with activated carbon. For this reason, the large-scaled adsorption equipment using the activated carbon is also required for places that are polluted in high concentration over a wide area, so that a burden on the facility cost, as well as the running cost, constitutes a problem.
If making an attempt to remove the organic compound contained in the soil gas by adsorption solely with the activated carbon, the activated carbon needs to be exchanged frequently, and besides, a tremendous labor, as well as an enormous expense, is required for exchange and regeneration of the activated carbon, disposal of the wasted activated carbon and the like, resulting in a remarkable increase in burden on enterprises to realize purification of the soil.
On the other hand, a technique for decomposing an organic compound by ultraviolet irradiation is well known. For surface cleaning of a semiconductor wafer, for instance, an Excimer lamp and the like are used for irradiation of high energy ultraviolet rays (whose wavelength is 172 nm) to decompose the organic compound on the wafer surface. Irradiation of high-energy ultraviolet rays as described above results in decomposition of the organic compound in an extremely short period of time. However, the Excimer lamp is exceptionally expensive and needs not only the enormous facility cost but also the extremely high power consumption, so that it is supposed that the Excimer lamp is not suited to be of practical use for purification of the soil.
In addition, if making an attempt to decompose the organic compound by ultraviolet irradiation with a low pressure mercury lamp, a middle pressure mercury lamp and high pressure mercury lamp that are available at low cost, an unstably reactive substance such as hydrogen chloride and halacetic acid is produced as an intermediate product, and as a result, it takes much time to decompose the intermediate product into up to stable substances.
In this connection, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 8-24335, there is disclosed a method for decomposing an organic chlorine compound by steps of decomposing the organic chlorine compound into up to a reaction intermediate having chlorine atoms by irradiating ultraviolet rays inclusive of ultraviolet rays whose wavelength is not more than 300 nm to gas containing the organic chlorine compound, and further decomposing the reaction intermediate through the biological treatment.
The biological treatment has the advantage of adaptability to the environment, whereas it presents problems such as a difficulty in managing the treatment and a need for much time to conduct the treatment due to the extremely slow proceeding of decomposition. In particular, it is supposed that the biological treatment is not enough to cope with high concentration pollution.


Provided are an apparatus and a method for controlling a stored image in an image display device. When a time shift function is selected by a user in the image display device having a storage function, information regarding a recording material for each time with respect to time-shifted contents, and exploration to a desired position is conveniently made. That is, a list of time-shifted contents is generated in cooperation with collectable program information and source (channel) information during broadcast, and information for maintenance and management of time shift. The generated list of the contents is displayed in the form of one of summary, a list, and an EPG. When one of the contents displayed on the EPG is selected by the user referring to the EPG, movement is made to a corresponding position, and a corresponding program is reproduced. Therefore, times consumed for searching for and exploring contents, and movement to a position of the contents can he reduced.

Generally, with development of digital technology, digitalization of analog broadcasting has been promoted. Accordingly, digital broadcasting has realized multi-channels and high quality, and a digital television (TV) has developed as an appliance having various applications, as well as a simple TV receiver.
Examples of application products include web TVs and personal video recorders (PVRs) that are under development in many countries. The PVR is also called a digital video recorder (DVR). Unlike a video cassette recorder (VCR) for storing image signals on a magnetic tape, the PVR is a digital recorder for recording/reproducing information to/from a hard disk driver (HDD). When a channel is not selected, the PVR automatically stores and reproduces currently broadcasted signals in/from a HDD in a digital form. Therefore, a time shift function, which is an important function of the PVR, can be performed.
According to a time shift function, when a user presses a stop button and then presses a play button again, reproduction is performed at a point where stored broadcasting signals have been suspended, and after that, storing and reproduction are simultaneously and continuously performed with a predetermined time.
Also, a user can repeatedly view or reproduce a currently broadcasted program in slow motion, and skip a tedious portion.
Meanwhile, the PVR can record all of programs simultaneously broadcasted through various channels. A multi-channel recording method allows a user to record programs broadcasted through various other channels simultaneously with viewing, reproducing, or recording one channel.
That is, an operating method of a TV having a time shift function receives broadcasting signals through a tuner, decodes the received broadcasting signals to display the same in real-time, and simultaneously, processes reconfigured broadcasting signals in the form of data of a long time to store the processed data in a storage medium, and extracts and displays the reconfigured broadcasting signals stored in the storage medium upon reproduction request of a user afterward.
A method for controlling an image in an image display device according to a related art will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling an image in an image display device according to a related art, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are views illustrating a method for exploring an image in an image display device according to a related art.
Referring to FIG. 1, according to the method for controlling an image in the image display device according to a related art, whether a time shift function has been turned on is judged (S11).
Subsequently, when the time shift function has been turned on as a result of the judgment (S11), desired broadcasting signals are stored in a storage medium (S12).
When a power-on command is input by a user and a channel is changed, the corresponding channel is selected (S13-S16).

Apparatus and method for controlling stored image in image display device


A method and apparatus to provide various mechanisms to improve yield of an integrated circuit (IC) employing serial input/output (I/O) communication devices. A single error correction model provides one spare transceiver per group of primary transceivers, whereby reconfiguration of the IC isolates the defective transceiver and configures the replacement transceiver for operation in its place. A multiple error correction model is also provided, whereby multiple replacement transceivers may be configured to replace multiple defective transceivers. The replacement mechanism may occur during various phases of the IC, such as during wafer testing, final testing, or post-deployment testing.

PLDs are a well-known type of IC that may be programmed to perform specified logic functions. One type of PLD, the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), typically includes an array of programmable tiles. These programmable tiles can include, for example, Input/Output Blocks (IOBs), Configurable Logic Blocks (CLBs), dedicated Random Access Memory Blocks (BRAM), multipliers, Digital Signal Processing blocks (DSPs), processors, clock managers, Delay Lock Loops (DLLs), Multi-Gigabit Transceivers (MGTs) and so forth.
Each programmable tile typically includes both programmable interconnect and programmable logic. The programmable interconnect typically includes a large number of interconnect lines of varying lengths interconnected by Programmable Interconnect Points (PIPs). The programmable logic implements the logic of a user design using programmable elements that may include, for example, function generators, registers, arithmetic logic, and so forth.
The programmable interconnect and the programmable logic are typically programmed by loading a stream of configuration data into internal configuration memory cells that define how the programmable elements are configured. The configuration data may be read from memory (e.g., from an external PROM) or written into the FPGA by an external device. The collective states of the individual memory cells then determine the function of the FPGA.
Another type of PLD is the Complex Programmable Logic Device, or CPLD. A CPLD includes two or more "function blocks" connected together and to Input/Output (I/O) resources by an interconnect switch matrix. Each function block of the CPLD includes a two-level AND/OR structure similar to those used in Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs) and Programmable Array Logic (PAL) devices. In some CPLDs, configuration data is stored on-chip in non-volatile memory. In other CPLDs, configuration data is stored on-chip in non-volatile memory, then downloaded to volatile memory as part of an initial configuration sequence.
For all of these PLDs, the functionality of the device is controlled by data bits provided to the device for that purpose. The data bits can be stored in volatile memory (e.g., static memory cells, as in FPGAs and some CPLDs), in non-volatile memory (e.g., FLASH memory, as in some CPLDs), or in any other type of memory cell.
As discussed above, PLDs may provide a plurality of circuit topologies, whereby reconfigurable digital logic may coexist with high-speed analog circuitry to form a hybrid PLD implementation. In particular, certain PLDs may provide architectures that include MGTs along various columns of the PLD in order to support multi-channel, serial communications.
Implementing such hybrid implementations, however, presents some manufacturing challenges. In particular, while the reconfigurable portion of the PLD, i.e., the fabric, may achieve production yields in the, e.g., 90% range, the production yield of the high-speed analog circuitry may not be as high. Using current topologies, even if only a single MGT on a particular PLD is determined to be defective, then the entire PLD must be scrapped. Further, if the determination that the MGT is defective is not made until after packaging, then the economic loss sustained from scrapping the device is maximized, since most of the expenses associated with producing the PLD, e.g., wafer fabrication and packaging, have already been incurred. Efforts continue, therefore, to increase the yield of these hybrid ICs so as to reduce yield based economic losses.

Method and apparatus for a redundant transceiver architecture


Charged toner is transferred from an image member to a web of imagable material, such as paper, using an impression cylinder without toner back scatter even at high speed (e.g. more than 150 feet per minute) movement of the paper. A nip is provided between the image member and the impression cylinder. Toner having a first polarity is applied to the image member, and a second face of a paper web is moved into contact with the image member adjacent the nip so that toner transfers from the image member to the web face. An electric potential of a first polarity is applied to the web at the first face prior to and adjacent the nip, the potential of sufficient intensity so as to substantially prevent back scatter. The electrical potential may be applied using an electrical conductive electrode biased (e.g. with a spring) into contact with the first face of the paper web, and connected up to a power supply of a first polarity. Alternatively, the electrical potential may be applied using a corona generating device connected to a power supply of the first polarity and shielded from the impression cylinder.

The problem of back scatter as a result of aerodynamic forces acting at a nip between members of a non-impact, electrostatic printing system, is recognized in U.S. Pat. No. 5,499,085 (the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein). The system and method of the U.S. Pat. No. 5,499,085 patent are extremely effective in controlling trailing edge dusting on the MIDAX 300 electrostatic printer, as well as other printers. However, there are some other types of electrostatic printers which have configurations that make the particular mechanism of the U.S. Pat. No. 5,499,085 patent for preventing back scatter--namely, applying an electrical bias of the same polarity as toner to the impression cylinder--not as practical. For example, in the Nipson-Printing Systems Varypress, and other types of non-impact electrostatic printing systems having semi-conductive elastomeric rollers, or similar components, or having component geometries which differ significantly from the preferred embodiments of the U.S. Pat. No. 5,499,085 patent, some other mechanism is desirably used in order to prevent back scatter.
According to the present invention an electrostatic printing system, and method of transferring charged poundered toner from an imaged member to a web of imagable material (such as paper), are provided which solve the problem of edge dusting (toner back scatter) in a wide variety of printer component embodiments, including the Nipson-Printing Systems Varypress. According to the present invention it is possible to operate the Nipson-Printing Systems Varypress at high speeds (i.e. over 150 feet per minute, e.g. about 200-300 feet per minute) while achieving excellent print quality, and in a manner--for the particular configurations involved--with greater effectiveness than the mechanism used in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,499,085 patent. According to the present invention the two main mechanisms that may be utilized include a particularly configured electrode biased against the web face which engages the impression cylinder at the nip area, and a shielded corona generator at that area.
According to one aspect of the present invention a non-impact electrostatic printing system is provided comprising the following components: An image member to which poundered toner having a first polarity is applied. A semi-conductive elastomeric roller having an outer periphery, the outer periphery positioned to form a nip with the image member, the roller biased to a second polarity opposite the first polarity. The elastomeric roller rotatable about a first axis (e.g. by a conventional motor of any type). A web of imagable material which passes through the nip to have toner from the image member transferred thereto, the web having a first face which moves into engagement with the elastomeric roller, and a second face which engages the image member at the nip. An idler roller rotatable about a second axis substantially parallel to the first axis, and having an outer periphery spaced from the elastomeric roller outer periphery and for engaging the web first face and for guiding the web to the nip. And means for applying an electrical potential of the first polarity to the web at the first face thereof between the idler and elastomeric rollers, of sufficient intensity so as to substantially prevent back scatter of toner as a result of aerodynamic forces acting between the web and the image member.
In one embodiment the electrical potential applying means may comprise a conductive electrode mechanically biased into contact with the web (e.g. paper) first face, and connected to a power supply having the first polarity (e.g. positive). The conductive electrode may have a tapered first end extending at least partially into the nip so as to maintain the first polarity through the web onto the toner until the web and the image member are in intimate contact. The conductive electrode may be spring loaded, and the spring load actually biases the web into contact with the image member prior to the web actually engaging the elastomeric roller (impression cylinder). The conductive electrode is at all times spaced from the elastomeric roller and the idler roller, however. The poundered toner may have the first polarity imparted thereto, or reinforced therein, by a precharging station disposed prior to the conductive electrode and the nip in the direction of the image member movement. The image member may comprise a belt or other conventional structure, but preferably comprises an image cylinder rotatable about a third axis substantially parallel to the first and second axes.
In another embodiment, the electrical potential applying means comprises a corona generating device connected to a power supply of the first polarity and shielded from the rollers. For example, the corona generating device may comprise a single corona wire (or multiple wires), and the wire may be shielded from the rollers by a substantially arcuate shield. For example, the corona wire and shield may be positioned with respect to the nip so that the web is in substantially intimate contact with the image member before the web is shielded from ions emanating from the corona wire, and the elastomeric roller outer periphery may actually engage the web after the web is in substantial intimate contact with the image member.
Other mechanisms (such as belts, rollers, or other mechanical or electrical or electromechanical components) may be used as the means for applying the electrical potential as long as positioned in operative association with the web at the first face of the web adjacent the nip.
According to another aspect of the present invention a non-impact electrostatic printing system is provided comprising the following components: An image cylinder to which toner having a first polarity is applied and rotatable about a first axis. An impression cylinder having an outer periphery, the outer periphery positioned to form a nip with the image member. The impression cylinder rotatable about a second axis substantially parallel to the first axis. A web of imagable material which passes through the nip to have toner from the image cylinder transferred thereto, the web having a first face which moves into engagement with the impression cylinder, and a second face which engages the image cylinder at the nip. And means for applying an electrical potential of the first polarity to the web at the first face thereof adjacent the nip.
In one preferred embodiment the electrical potential applying means comprises a conductive electrode mechanically biased into contact with the web first face and connected to a power supply having the first polarity, the conductive electrode have a tapered first end extending at least partially into the nip so as to maintain the first polarity through the web onto the toner until the web and the image cylinder are in intimate contact. In another embodiment the electrical potential applying means comprises a corona wire (one or more) connected to a power supply of the first polarity and shielded from the impression cylinder by a substantially arcuate shield.
According to another aspect of the present invention a method of transferring charged toner from an image web to a web of imagable material, such as paper, having first and second faces, using an impression cylinder, and a nip provided between the image member and the compression cylinder, is provided. The method comprises the steps of: a) Providing poundered toner having a positive first polarity on the image member. b) Moving the second face of the web of imagable material into contact with the image member adjacent the nip, at a speed greater than 150 feet per minute, so that toner transfers from the image member to the web second face. And c) applying an electrical potential of the positive first polarity to the web at the first face thereof prior to and adjacent the nip, the potential of sufficient intensity so as to substantially prevent back scatter of poundered toner as a result of aerodynamic forces acting between the web and the image member.
Step c) may be practiced by mechanically biasing an electrically conductive electrode, connected up to a power supply of the first polarity, into contact with the web first face. Step c) may be further practiced so as to maintain said first polarity through the web onto the toner until the web and the image member are in intimate contact, spring loading actually biasing the web into contact with the image member prior to the web actually engaging the impression cylinder.
Alternatively, step c) may be practiced by applying electrical potential using a corona generating device connected to a power supply of the first polarity and shielded from the impression cylinder. Step c) may be further practiced by using as the corona generating device a corona wire shielded from the impression cylinder by a substantially arcuate shield.
It is the primary object of the present invention to effectively prevent back scatter of toner in particular types of electrostatic printing systems. This and other objects of the invention will become clear from an inspection of the detailed description of the invention, and from the appended claims.

Like polarity biasing to control toner dusting


A self-adaptive intelligent voice device and method, wherein the device includes a voice recognizing module (101), a recognition result processing module (102), a voice broadcasting module (103), and a broadcast voice parameter generating module (104), and the broadcast voice parameter generating module (104) is configured to acquire extracted voice parameters from the voice recognizing module (101), and generate broadcast voice parameters according to the extracted voice parameters and a default policy, and input the broadcast voice parameters to the voice broadcasting module (103), the abovementioned technical solution enables the broadcast voice more closely matching a user's voice.

With the development of mobile communication technology and mobile phone manufacturing technology, more and more consumers favor smart phones due to their high performances, a variety of supported services and declining costs.
With the improvement of the smart phone hardware performance and the powerful operating system functions, more and more intelligent applications, including intelligent voice service, can be realized. Compared with the traditional manual human-machine interaction, more and more users prefer intelligent voice due to its more humane and convenient interaction mode, and a series of intelligent voice applications such as siri have been emerged on smart phone platforms such as apple and android.
The existing intelligent voice applications mainly consist of three function modules: a voice recognizing module, a recognition result processing module and a voice broadcasting module.
Wherein the voice recognizing module is used for extracting parameters characterizing a human voice, converting lexical content in the human voice to a machine language file such as a binary code file according to the voice parameters, and sending the machine language file to the recognition result processing module; wherein the parameters characterizing the human voice mainly comprise a formant (frequency, bandwidth, amplitude) and a pitch frequency.
The recognition result processing module is used for performing an appropriate operation based on the machine language file, and sending the operation result to the voice broadcasting module; if the lexical content represented by the received machine language file is "Where am I", the recognition result processing module acquires the user's current location from a positioning module, and sends the location information to the voice broadcasting module;                the voice broadcasting module is used for converting the operation result sent by the recognition result processing module into an audio file to broadcast by combining the broadcast voice parameters.
In the related art, the broadcast voice parameters are selected and determined by the user according to options provided to users, or fixed in the voice broadcasting module before delivering from the factory. For the former, due to the user differences, different users may need to reset values of the voice broadcast voice parameters during the use, giving the users a complex and cumbersome nature of use; for the latter, because all the users use the same voice to broadcast, it results in a single and boring user experience.

Self-adaptive intelligent voice device and method


A method for forming microspheres containing bioactive material, comprising dissolving a polymer matrix, such as albumin or beta-cyclodextrin, in an aqueous medium in a first vessel; contacting the dissolved polymer matrix with a crosslinking agent, such as glutaraldehyde, to crosslink the polymer matrix and the crosslinking agent; neutralizing with sodium bisulfate any excess crosslinking agent remaining after crosslinking is substantially complete; solubilizing in a second vessel a bioactive material in an aqueous solution; mixing the solubilized bioactive material together with the neutralized crosslinked polymer matrix in solution to form a mixture; and, spray drying the mixture to produce nanospheres, whereby substantial bioactivity of the biomaterial is retained upon cellular uptake.

The delivery of drugs to targeted and specific diseased sites can aid in reducing side effects in patients, thereby preventing toxicity. Exposure of non-targeted areas to the drugs can have adverse results. By using drugs in a nanosphere ("NS") formulation exposure of the drug to non-diseased organs and tissue can be prevented or substantially reduced. For the purposes of the present disclosure, nanosphere-sized particles mean those having a general average size in the range of about 50 to about 999 nanometers. Nanospheres are also capable of releasing the drug in a controlled manner, thereby minimizing the need for frequent drug administration. These nanospheres can be effectively used to transfect cells due to the nanosize of the encapsulated drug. These nanospheres due to their small size are capable of targeting and delivering the vaccine material to the Payers Patches in the intestine, without any degradation in the harsh acidic environment of the stomach due to an effective enteric coating. Also, because of their small size they are capable of penetrating into the tumor rather easily.
Some examples of bioactive materials include, but are not limited to, proteins, peptides, antibodies, enzymes, chemical entities, drugs. Other drugs, such as immunosuppressants such as FK-506 and anti-inflammatory drugs such as steroids such as dexamethasone and prednisolone might prove useful in altering the viability of the transplanted organ in a transplant donor situation. Albumin nanospheres prepared by spray drying can be a potential drug delivery method for the delivery of oligonucleotides. For the purposes of the present disclosure "drug" is considered to include any of the bioactive materials described herein.

Nanospheres encapsulating bioactive material and method for formulation of nanospheres


A network file system-based data storage system that converts random I/O requests into a piecewise sequential data structure to facilitate variable length data segment redundancy identification and elimination. For one embodiment of the invention a stateless network file system is employed. For one such embodiment, that provides multiple-client access to stored data, multiple Writes are buffered and then broken into variable length data segments. Redundant segment elimination is then effected. One embodiment of the invention allows sharing of the variable length data segments among files.

The increasing use and complexity of computer applications has led to a corresponding increase in data storage requirements. The costs associated with data storage are directly related to the efficiency and reliability of the data storage scheme employed. As such there is a continuing effort to improve data storage systems.
A file system is a scheme for storing and organizing electronic data with the goal of making such data easy to locate and access. In general, a file system consists of abstract data types implemented to effect the storage, organization, retrieval, and modification of the stored data. Typically, file systems used for large-scale data storage include one or more dedicated computers and software systems to manage data.
Conventional file systems include an underlying data storage device that offers access to an array of fixed-size blocks (e.g., 512-byte sectors). File system software organizes the blocks into files and directories and maintains associations between blocks and corresponding files.
File systems may be implemented as disk file systems in which data is stored to and accessed from a disk drive, which may be directly or indirectly connected to a computing system. File systems may also be implemented as network file systems in which data is stored and accessed over a network (e.g., a local area network (LAN)). A network file system is a distributed file system of files and directories located on remote computers within a network. Use of a network file system provides several advantages including, the management of remote files and directories as if they are local, mount referenced files systems, configuration of security options, management of mount properties and establish access permissions for hosts. Using a network file system, data may be stored and accessed by multiple computing systems concurrently. Network file systems may include, for example, NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) of Novell, Inc., Orem, Utah, the Common Internet File System (CIFS) developed by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash., and the UNIX-based Network File System (NFS) developed by Sun Microsystems, of Santa Clara, Calif.
One application for a file system, including a network file system, is to affect a backup storage scheme. That is, the continued increase in data storage has been accompanied by an increasing need to have an accurate record of the state of particular data stores at specified times. A backup of stored data may be created to affect recovery of data upon a catastrophic failure or to maintain a record of the state of the data at given times.
As noted above, a variety of schemes have been developed to provide more efficient data storage and such schemes are particularly applicable to data backup systems. This is because, depending upon the required backup frequency, enormous amounts of data are typically stored to provide reliable and updated backup data. This data must be stored efficiently to provide a cost-effective data backup scheme.
Network file systems, though providing numerous advantages in regard to storing and accessing data are often incompatible with techniques for improved storage efficiency and reliability. For example, typical network file systems (e.g., NFS) are stateless (i.e., for the NFS protocol, the state of interactions between the server and a client are not tracked or managed by the server during a session). So, if a client makes a request to a server, and after satisfying that request the server fails and is restarted, the server must be able to handle subsequent related requests from the client without needing to access state data that was lost when the server failed.
In general, this statelessness is achieved because each request has sufficient information to completely define the request. The required state is saved at the client and passed to the server with each request. In particular, the NFS protocol defines a data structure called a "file handle." The file handle contains sufficient information to uniquely identify the file to be accessed. The advantage and purpose of a stateless server is to improve robustness by being able to continue file access in spite of the failure and restart of the file server.
However, statelessness means that when a file is transferred using the NFS protocol, it may be transferred as a number of fixed size blocks (e.g., 32 Kb blocks), which need not be in order.
Such fixed-size, unordered, data transmissions may be incompatible with data storage schemes that reduce or eliminate redundancies to improve storage efficiency and/or reliability.

Network file system-based data storage system


A method and system for transferring an address book based on Bluetooth are provided. First, address book information stored in a terminal and a SIM card of a first mobile terminal is transmitted to the second mobile terminal. A second mobile obtains the address hook information in the first mobile terminal. The method and system provided by the present invention make the transfer of the address book information more convenient and efficient, not only improving a user's experience of the mobile terminal but also providing convenience for the user's daily life.

With the rapid development of mobile Internet and the upgrade of mobile phones, in order to pursue a better experience, users now like to replace their phones frequently.
However, many users are bothered by figuring out how to locally back up, restore, and even transfer contact data between two mobile phones. Using the transfer of the contact data between two mobile phones as an example, in the prior art, transferring the address book information from one mobile phone to another mobile phone is achieved generally by combining the mobile phone with a SIM card (abbreviated from Subscriber Identity Module, also called a smart card or a user identification card). The method is: first, to copy the address book information in a mobile phone to the SIM card mounted in the mobile phone, then to install the SIM card to another mobile phone, and then to copy the address book information to the present mobile phone from the SIM card, thereby completing the processes of transferring the address book information from one phone to another phone. As can be seen from the above, the processes are not only cumbersome, but also prone to error during the transferring process.
Therefore, based on the above-mentioned technical problem, there is a significant need to provide a method for conveniently and efficiently transferring the address book information between mobile terminals.

Method and system for transferring address book based on bluetooth

HUIZHOU TCL MOBILE COMMUNICATION CO., LTD.


A sheet delivery apparatus includes sprockets and delivery grippers, a sheet delivery device, a switching cam, and conveyor belt, driving roller, and driven roller. The sprockets and delivery grippers hold and convey a sheet. The sheet delivery device delivers the sheet conveyed by the sprockets and delivery grippers. The switching cam is arranged upstream of the sheet delivery device in a sheet convey direction to release the sheet held by the sprockets and delivery grippers. The conveyor belt, driving roller, and driven roller are arranged below the switching cam to convey the sheet released by the switching cam in the sheet convey direction.

The present invention relates to a sheet delivery apparatus for extracting, from sheets printed by a printing unit in a sheet-fed offset rotary printing press and stacked on the pile board of a delivery device, every predetermined number of sheets as a printed sample or an inappropriate sheet which occurs at the start of printing or due to a printing registration error without stopping the printing press.
As shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-047749, a conventional sheet delivery apparatus includes a sheet loading device on which printing sheets are stacked, a delivered sheet receiver for a printed sample which is arranged downstream of the sheet loading device in the sheet convey direction, a switching cam arranged above the sheet loading device, and a fixing cam arranged above the delivered sheet receiver. In this structure, the switching cam is retreated from the traveling path of a delivery pawl by switching. When the traveling delivery pawl abuts against the fixing cam, it releases the sheet. The sheet is delivered not onto the sheet loading device but onto the delivered sheet receiver.
As shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-62134, a sheet delivery apparatus is proposed which includes a pile board on which a sheet gripped by a sheet delivery pawl and conveyed by the travel of a delivery chain is to be stacked, and a receiving plate for a delivered sample sheet which is arranged most downstream in the sheet delivery chain. As shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-87469, a sheet delivery apparatus is proposed which includes a lay which is set upright or laid down by a handle operation and aligns the leading edge of a sheet stacked on a board receiving plate when it is set upright, and a sheet receiver which is interlocked with the laying operation of the lay to enter a sheet falling passage in order to regulate falling of the sheet onto the board receiving plate and receive the sheet. In this structure, while the sheet receiver receives a sheet, one of the sheets stacked on the board receiving plate is extracted as a printed sample.
Of the three conventional sheet delivery apparatuses described above, in the first and second apparatuses, the delivered sheet receiver or receiving plate for the sample sheet is arranged downstream of the sheet loading device in the sheet convey direction. Thus, the sheet which is to be delivered to the delivered sheet receiver or receiving plate passes above the sheet loading device. At this time, if the trailing edge of the sheet hangs due to the instability of the sheet or waving, the hanging trailing edge comes into slidable contact with the surface of the upper most one of the sheets stacked on the sheet loading device to damage the surface of the sheet, thus causing wasted paper. In the third apparatus described above, when a printed sample is to be extracted, it comes into slidable contact with the upper surface of the sheet immediately under it to damage the upper surface of the sheet, thus causing wasted paper.

Sheet delivery apparatus with sheet extraction device


In a network composed of a plurality of nodes wherein the nodes verify mutually and can communicate directly each other, when a certificate is revoked due to withdrawal of a node, the revoking node transmits a withdrawal notice to all the other existing nodes which can be connected directly and promotes them to update the connection tables and revocation lists held by the respective nodes.

In recent years, to ensure the mutual communication security between nodes composing a network, that is, terminal devices, the art for a digital certificate has been used widely. By this art, the identity of the node of a communication destination can be confirmed, so that unfair transfer of data between the so-called "spoofing" and a node can be prevented from occurring.
The digital certificate is issued by the certificate authority (CA) which is a third party other than the concerned party of communication and a reliable organization. As a specification for the digital certificate, the one specified in ITU-TX.509 is generally known. In the digital certificate, the term of validity is set and an expired digital certificate cannot be used.
However, even if the term of validity is not expired, when the owner of the digital certificate loses the secret key concerning the digital certificate or it is stolen by another person, the reliability of the digital certificate is impaired. Therefore, the certificate authority reports and opens to the public the information concerning the serial number and so on thereof in a certificate revocation list (CRL), thereby revoking such a digital certificate whose reliability is impaired.
Further, when any attribute (for example, name or company name) of the owner of the digital certificate is changed or when the owner comes not to exist, the certificate authority revokes the digital certificate. Therefore, to enhance the certainty of the confirmation (certification) of the communication destination, it is necessary to confirm not only the contents of the digital certificate but also the revocation certificate list.
In Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Publication No. 2004-185263, a dispersed cooperative content delivery system according to the aforementioned concept is proposed. In this system, a cache storage is installed in each client, the caches bear their share of contents to be delivered, and for actual content delivery, each of the clients transfers data mutually by using cache index provided. This is the so-called P2P (peer to peer) system.
In communication by the P2P system, the confirmation (certification) of the communication destination as mentioned above is particularly important for security and in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Publication No. 2004-185263 indicated above, a public key certificate used in communication is verified. However, it cannot be denied that whether the certificate is valid or not may vary depending on conditions, and it is similarly necessary to confirm the revocation certificate list each time.
However, according to Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Publication No. 2004-185263, although the public key certificate is verified, if the policy of the sending source for verification of a certificate permits, even if not every time, within a cycle decided by the sending source, the previous verification result is used. For example, before the next sending day of a revocation list CRL, the previous verification result may be used.
That is questionable from the point of security. It is not known when and in what situation the validity of the certificate varies. When a certificate is revoked in some situation, it is desired that it is reflected timely on the, revocation list CRL and is confirmed promptly by a client in need.
Further, conventionally, each client periodically accesses the certificate authority to obtain a CRL, it is however also questionable. When the P2P network is used, there are possibilities of considerably frequent occurrences of cancellations of certificates. For example, when canceling the certificate to update the terminal device as a node, from just the moment the certificate is canceled, all the nodes must not permit connection by the certificate of the canceled node.
In a managing method for obtaining a CRL every given period, there is a fear that using a time period until the CRL is updated at each node, a malicious third person may connect incorrectly to the network by the certificate which ought to have been canceled and may obtain secrete information.
An object of the present invention is to solve the aforementioned problems and to provide a managing method for information relating to revocation of a certificate and an information processing apparatus as a node composing the network. In a network composed of a plurality of nodes wherein the nodes certificate mutually and can communicate directly, when a certificate is revoked due to withdrawal of a node, for immediately reflecting the information on the revocation of the certificate to the revocation lists CRL of the other existing nodes and preventing a danger of unfair connection within the time until the CRLs are updated.

Method of managing information and information processing apparatus


A multi-stage, clam shell, vacuum pump comprises two housing components (12) which are to be sealingly connected to one another such that an array of chambers extending longitudinally from an inlet region of the pump to an outlet region of the pump is defined thereby. Sealing means (30) are provided within the vacuum pump, between the two housing components, to prevent transfer of fluid in to and out of the vacuum pump where said components are connected. An array of discrete, elongate channels (33, 34, 36, 38) is provided, located between the sealing means (30) and the array of chambers (14, 16, 18, 20, 22). The channels serve to protect the sealing means (30) from fluid that passes through the chambers during operation of the vacuum pump. Each channel is configured to receive a barrier fluid having a different pressure than a barrier fluid to be received by an adjacent channel.

This invention relates to multi stage, clam shell vacuum pumps. In particular, seal assemblies used in such vacuum pumps.
Vacuum pumps are known which are oil-free in their vacuum chambers and which are therefore useful in clean environments such as those found in the semiconductor industry. In such a manufacturing environment, if lubricants were present in the vacuum chambers, these materials could potentially back migrate into the process chamber and, in so doing, may cause contamination of the product being manufactured. Such dry vacuum pumps are commonly multi-stage positive displacement pumps employing intermeshing rotors in each vacuum chamber. The rotors may have the same type of profile in each chamber or the profile may change from chamber to chamber.
It is known to form the housing of such a multistage vacuum pump from two half-shell stator components, which define the plurality of pumping chambers and the fluid transfer channels for conveying gas between the pumping chambers. It is necessary to provide a sealing means between the two stator components in order to prevent leakage of the process gas from the pump and to prevent any ambient air from entering the pump. A line of sealant is typically provided to perform this sealing function.
In clean environments, such as a load lock application, the integrity of the sealing means is not jeopardised and so the sealing properties of the sealing means are maintained. However, in a harsh environment, such as may be found within a process pump, exposure to corrosive process gases may cause the sealing means to deteriorate. The deterioration of the sealing means leads to replacement of the sealant, thus causing costly servicing down times for the entire process. Furthermore, contact surfaces of the stator can experience corrosion, which can lead to anomalies in these surfaces such that distortion of the pump case can occur. This distortion leads to a reduction in clearance between rotating and static components that, in turn, can affect the mechanical reliability of the pump.
Conventional systems are known which introduce mechanical barriers to protect the static sealing mechanism by reducing the quantity of corrosive gaseous material that reaches the sealing means. However, compatibility must be achieved between the material chosen to form this mechanical barrier and the process gas. Furthermore, additional complexity is introduced into the system by the presence of such a mechanical barrier and such a mechanical barrier will not generally protect the contact faces of the stators.


A weather strip (50) has: a body section (51) which extends along a door sash (12) and an edge of a door body (11); a ridge section (52) which extends from the body section (51) so as to rise toward the outside of the vehicle; and an extension section (53) which extends at the root of the ridge section (52) from the body section (51) so as to be capable of being located between a door mirror (14) and the surface (23) of an upper piece section (21), the surface (23) facing the outside of the vehicle. The extension section (53) is gripped between a gap absorbing member (33) and the surface (23) of the door sash (12), the surface (23) facing the outside of the outside of the vehicle. Also, a protrusion section (54) is engaged with an engagement recess (55). The weather strip (50) is held down not at a fitting section (56) but also at the extension section (53) and the protrusion section (54). As a result, the weather strip (50) is less likely to come out of the door sash (12).

A vehicular door includes a weather strip abutting on the surrounding region of an edge of a door opening portion of a vehicle body for preventing intrusion of water from the door opening portion into the inside of a vehicle. A technique for providing a front vehicular door with a weather strip is known from, for example, patent literature 1 below.
The technique known from patent literature 1 is providing a door mirror to a corner between a front top part of a door body and a front bottom part of a door sash. A mirror base of the door body is mounted to cover the door sash and a weather strip is provided on a vehicular inside of the door sash for preventing intrusion of water from a door opening portion into the inside of a vehicle.
The weather strip is retained on the door sash by fitting in a weather strip mounting portion of a U-shaped cross-section formed on the door sash. However, it is difficult for only the weather strip mounting portion to retain the weather strip near the corner between the front top part of the door body and the front bottom part of the door sash. As one measure against this, generally, a method for retaining the weather strip by clips is considered. In this case, however, it is difficult to provide clip insertion holes near the corner at which the front bottom part of the door sash is connected to the front top part of the door body. In addition, the provision of the clips makes the structure complex, requiring an additional cost. An improvement is needed to retain the weather strip in the corner as well as to prevent the weather strip from being lifted up.


A technique for attaching solder balls of a BGA to a PCB. In one example embodiment, this is accomplished by applying solder paste onto at least one of a plurality of contact pads on a PCB. At least one of a plurality of solder balls of an IC device are then onto the at least one of the plurality of contact pads on the PCB. The temperature is then increased to reflow the solder paste. The IC device is then pulled away from the PCB as a function of a geometric shape of the IC device and held in a new position upon reflowing the solder paste to transform the at least one of the plurality of solder balls and the reflowed solder paste into a high shear strength solder joint structure. The reflow temperature is then lowered to room temperature to attach the high shear strength solder joint structure to the at least one of the plurality of lands on the PCB.

Many electronic systems include a printed circuit board with several integrated circuit devices connected to the PCB. Frequently, these integrated circuit devices are connected to the PCB by solder. For example, integrated circuit devices, such as ball grid arrays (BGAs) are utilized in a circuit along with other electronic components that are connected to the PCB by solder. BGAs typically include at least one solder ball arranged between the integrated circuit device and the printed circuit board at each contact so as to electrically connect the integrated circuit device to the circuit board.
The solder balls are attached to an associated plurality of conductive surface pads located on the bottom surface of the ball grid array (BGA) package. The BGA package including the solder balls and the solder paste are placed onto the PCB, wherein the solder balls and solder paste are reflowed to form BGA joints, which in turn attach the BGA package to the PCB.
BGAs have become quite prevalent in the commercial electronics industry, and many useful devices are packaged in this manner. In general, BGA joints do not offer the life and reliability that is required in the commercial electronics industry, due to the fact that, because of their dumpling shape, the BGA joints are not pliant enough to absorb mechanical shock, such as those experienced by an accidental dropping of a cell phone. This can result in solder ball damage on either the bottom surface of the BGA package side or the PCB side, which in-turn can result in disjoining the BGA from the PCB.
One method aims to improve the BGA joint reliability by changing substrate plating to, such as Ni plating, on the bottom surface of the BGA package to strengthen the BGA joint. However, this method does not address the underlying problem of the relatively low height and dumpling shape of BGA joints, which results in a lower shear strength solder joint structure.

Method and apparatus for attaching an IC package to a PCB assembly


An impact tool will fit around a fastener such as a nut or bolt head. The tool has an annular section with an outside and an inside surface encircling the central axis of the fastener. The outside surface has at least one recess with a striking surface and guide surface. The striking surface lies in a plane intersecting the central axis. With the annular section placed around the fastener, the striking surface intersects a predetermined radial projection from the central axis. The striking surface is struck at a right angle to the predetermined radial projection to turn the nut or bolt head.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to impact tools and methods, and in particular, to compact devices that fit over a nut, bolt head or other fastener for turning them.
2. Description of Related Art
Threaded fasteners such as nuts and bolts may be tightened and left in place for long periods of time. Loosening such fasteners may be difficult because of various effects such as rusting, debris on threads, deformation of the fastener, chemical corrosion and bonding, etc. in many situations the ability to loosen the fastener may be critical for maintaining an associated machine. For example, an automobile engine has many replaceable parts that periodically wear and must be replaced by loosening bolts and nuts or other fasteners.
Applying torque to a fastener with a wrench having a long lever arm may exacerbate the problem by snapping a threaded shank or by rounding or shearing a bolt head. After such a catastrophic failure a mechanic will probably need to drill out the fastener, a difficult and time-consuming procedure.
Penetrating liquids are sometimes used to help loosen the frozen fastener but a penetrant may be ineffective in some situations, e.g. with deformed fasteners.
In some circumstances the fastener can be loosen by mechanical or thermal shock. For example, the fastener can be heated with a simple torch which causes a differential thermal expansion that can loosen the fastener. Alternatively, hitting the fastener with a hammer may break a bond that prevents loosening. However, a hammer blow will often produce an ineffective axial shock wave without applying a loosening torque.
Known bolt/nut removers employ a socket-like device with internal flutes that can grip a rounded bolt head. A wrench may be applied to this device to remove the bolt. A known impact driver has a body with an internal cam mechanism for driving a distal shaft that is fitted with a socket or other accessory. The driver body may be struck with a hammer, which causes the cam to rotate the shaft and its accessory.
See also U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,366,187; 3,799,011; 3,861,250; 4,708,209; 4,807,349; 4,864,902; 5,904,076; 6,370,993; 6,668,686; 7,044,035; and 7,089,833.
Accordingly, there is a need for an improved impact device that can simply and efficiently turn a fastener.


Device for feeding single sheets out of a stack of film sheets while avoiding the risk of artifacts. The device comprises a housing for housing the stack of film sheets, a driven feed roller in contact with the first film sheet of the stack, biasing means for keeping the stack with its first film sheet in contact with the feed roller, and a withdrawal passageway for the film sheets, characterized in that the passageway is defined by a first guide surface forming an angle of 30.degree. to 60.degree. with the sheets of the stack and a second rounded guide surface, the passageway has a height at least twice the thickness of a single film sheet, and the feed roller has an outer surface comprising a material which provides a coefficient of static friction between that material and a film sheet which is greater than the coefficient of static friction between two adjacent film sheets of the stack.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a device for feeding single film sheets out from a stack of film sheets, particularly for use in a feed magazine for an X-ray film apparatus.
2. Background of the Invention
A feeding device for film sheets must ensure both that only a single sheet is fed at a time and that no artifacts are caused on the film sheet, such as scratches, pressure marks, static marks etc.
Many devices are known which make use of vacuum suction to pick up a film from the stack, but this solution is considered too complex and expensive.
Other known devices are based on a calibrated withdrawal slot, which has a width that allows the exit of only one film at a time. An example is given by U.S. Pat. No. 4,365,793, in which the film sheet is driven by a friction roller through the slot.
Other devices make use of a calibrated pushing claw or the like, which engages the edge of only one film at a time. An example is given by U.S. Pat. No. 3,955,092, in which film bending assists in the separation of the film from the stack.
Another known device is shown by U.S. Pat. No. 3,961,785. That device makes use of both a calibrated withdrawal slot and a calibrated pushing claw.
It has been found that known devices not only are too complex and expensive, but also very often cause damage to the film sheets. In particular, film sheets can easily be scratched while passing through a calibrated slot, since at least one side of the slot must be sharply angled to ensure film to film separation. Also pushing claws may easily scratch the film adjacent the film being pushed.

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company


An image forming apparatus reads an image, generates a file from the read image, and sets a confidentiality attribute of the file for identifying a storage destination of the file. The file is stored either in the image forming apparatus or in a remote apparatus based on the confidentiality attribute.

1. Field
Aspects of the present invention generally relate to an image forming apparatus, a method for controlling an image forming apparatus, and a program.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, storage devices are mounted on image forming apparatuses to realize a local storage function for storing a program, and allowing read image data to be stored, edited, printed, and browsed from a network. Further, in recent years, there has been also realized a remote storage function of allowing even image data shared with a storage connected via a network to be browsed, stored, edited, and printed in a similar manner to the local storage.
When a user scans and stores an image, the user selectively uses the above-described local storage and the above-described remote storage according to his/her purpose by choosing one of them before starting a job. Further, in recent years, a cloud storage service, which allows a large-capacity storage to be used in a network, has been widely provided, and use of such a large-capacity storage has been increasingly demanded compared with the local storage that has only a limited capacity and backup volume.
On the other hand, together with an extremely high demand for assuring security of data and protecting privacy, the image forming apparatuses are also requested to have a capability to completely delete image data and preference data recorded in the storages.
For example, regarding hard disks (hereinafter referred to as HDDs), some image forming apparatuses are configured to overwrite a region where deletion target data is stored, with dummy data a plurality of times for the purpose of removing remaining magnetism, thereby preventing the deleted data from being restored (refer to, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-153516).
However, use of the remote storage leads to the necessity of checking every time whether a scanned document does not contain a highly confidential page like a document that should not be presented to anyone outside the company, and whether the storage destination is a safe storage. Therefore, a workload on users may increase.
Further, according to the conventional techniques, the data overwriting deletion processing can effectively work for data stored in the local storage. However, when the remote storage is used, this processing only works when image data is moved to the remote storage, and does not work after that.
For example, placing a highly confidential document in the remote storage occurs by mistake and incurs a risk of an information leak. Once the document is placed in the remote storage, even if the file is deleted after noticing the mistake, the risk of the information leak cannot be reduced because the data overwriting deletion processing is not performed, so that a possibility of restoration of the image data exists.

Storing scanned document data based on at least a confidentially attribute of the scanned document data


Artificial antimicrobial peptides are obtained by alterations in alpha helical portions of a known antimicrobial protein, granulysin. The peptides obtained have significantly improved antimicrobial activity and lack the ability to lyse mammalian cells, which may be toxic to a host. The peptides may be designed according to certain guidelines, and may further be modified by the addition of altered residues and alterations in normal peptide secondary and tertiary structure, including modifications in quaternary (multimeric) structure.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of antimicrobial peptides.
2. Related Art
Background
Granulysin, a protein expressed by human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer cells, was discovered in 1987 by Drs. Krensky and Clayberger during a search for genes expressed late (3-5 days) after T cell activation. Granulysin has potent lytic activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphlococcus aureus, Cryptococcus neoformus, Leishmania major, Leishmania monocytogenes, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio cholera.
Granulysin is a member of the saposin-like protein (SAPLIP) family that has been highly conserved for almost one billion years in various organisms. This family includes NK-lysin, a lytic molecule isolated from pig intestine; amoebapores, used by amoebae to kill bacterial invaders, and saposins. Naturally occurring granulysin is a 15 kD molecule which is processed intracellularly to a 9 kD protein. It consists of five alpha helices separated by short loop regions and four cysteine residues that form two intramolecular disulfide bonds. Similar to many other cationic peptides, granulysin lyses both microbes and mammalian cells.
Granulysin plays a central role in the human cellular immune response. T lymphocytes use granulysin to kill both extracellular and intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although the latter also requires perforin. Similarly, exocytosis of granulysin by CTL is required for killing of the fungus Cryptococcus as well as Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria. Granulysin expressing T cells were detected in cutaneous leprosy lesions at a six fold greater frequency in patients with the localized tuberculoid form as compared with the disseminated lepromatous form of the disease, strongly implicating granulysin in controlling the spread of leprosy. In contrast, perforin was expressed at similar frequencies in both types of leprosy. Although granulysin is apparently not lytic against either HIV or varicella-zoster virus, granulysin killed intracellular varicella virions and accelerated death of varicella infected cells. A study from a Japanese group reported that NK cells from cancer patients with a poor prognosis contained significantly less granulysin than NK cells from cancer patients with a good prognosis or from healthy donors. The levels of perforin were similar in cells from all three groups. In renal transplant recipients, elevated levels of granulysin in both PBL and renal biopsies are associated with acute rejection and poor graft outcome.
Stenger et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,485,928 describes the use of granulysin as an antimicrobial agent. It further gives the sequence of human granulysin, which may also be found in GenBank Accession number AAN99767, defined herein as a "human granulysin sequence,"
(SEQ ID NO: 1)MATWALLLLA AMLLGNPGLE VSVSPKGKNT SGRESGFGWA IWMEGLVFSR LSPEYYDLAR AHLRDEEKSC PCLAQEGPQG DLLTKTQELG RDYRTCLTIV QKLKKMVDKP T /1/ QRSV SNAAT RVCRT /2/ GRSRW /3/ RDVCRNFMRR /4/ YQ SRVIQGLV /5/ AGETAQQICE DLRLCIPSTG PL
The H3 region is underlined and is shown again in Table 1, which also indicates alignments with "wild type," or "parent," i.e., non-mutated, sequences, of peptides further developed and tested as described below. As will be discussed below, the inserted numbers, /1/ through /5/, indicate the portions of granulysin from which the present peptides were originally obtained.
Bair U.S. Pat. No. 4,999,369 sets forth the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of the "519" protein, referred to presently as granulysin. The amino acid sequences disclosed include two variants, having aa 16-145 and aa 16-172 of sequence id's no. 3 and 4 of the '928 patent. The '928 patent also discloses that the granulysin polypeptide may be modified with substitutions, insertions or deletions. These sequences may be used to modify or extend the peptides disclosed below.
Wang et al., "Bacterial and Tumoricidal Activities of Synthetic Peptides Derived from Granulysin," J. Immunol. 165:1486-1490 (2000) discloses a number of synthetic peptides derived from granulysin. These peptides are derived from full-length granulysin and are intended to cover certain predicted alpha helices in granulysin. The authors termed their peptides G1 to G15. Certain substitutions were made in several of the peptides. C→S substitutions were made for each granulysin cysteine. These substitutions disrupted disulfide linkages in the peptide. The authors reported that both G8 (which does not contain C→S substitutions) and G9 (which does contain C→S substitutions) have the same bacterial lysing ability as full-length granulysin. Certain R→Q substitutions were also made in order to study the effects of positively charged residues on lysis. Positively charged residues were reported to be important for lytic activity.

The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University


A new Water Craft Loading And Unloading Apparatus for allowing generally one person to easily load and unload a water craft. The inventive device includes a receiving hitch insert, a frame a sliding drawer and a pair of winches.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to self loading and carrying apparatus and more particularly pertains to a new Water Craft Loading And Unloading Apparatus for allowing generally one person to easily load and unload a water craft.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of self loading and carrying apparatus is known in the prior art. More specifically, self loading and carrying apparatus heretofore devised and utilized are known to consist basically of familiar, expected and obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art which have been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements.
Known prior art self loading and carrying apparatus include U.S. Pat. No. 4,960,358; U.S. Pat. No. 5,249,910; U.S. Pat. No. 5,380,141; U.S. Pat. No. 5,005,846; U.S. Pat. No. 4,930,973 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,934,895.
While these devices fulfill their respective, particular objectives and requirements, the aforementioned patents do not disclose a new Water Craft Loading And Unloading Apparatus. The inventive device includes generally a receiving hitch insert, a frame, a sliding drawer and at least a pair of winches.
In these respects, the Water Craft Loading And Unloading Apparatus according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of allowing generally one person to easily load and unload a water craft.

Water craft loading and unloading apparatus


An image recording device includes a recording unit, a feeding mechanism, a guide member, and a lock portion. The feeding mechanism is configured to feed a first feeding object along a feeding path. The feeding path has a straight path and a curved path. The recording unit faces the straight path. The guide member defines the curved path and is rotatable between an exposed position and a closed position. The lock portion is movable between a locked position at which the guide member is locked in the closed position and an unlocked position at which the lock is released. The guide member has a recess formed therein and the feeding mechanism further feeds a second feeding object to the recess along the straight path. When the second feeding object is disposed in the recess, the lock portion is disposed at the locked position.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image recording device which includes a cover having a recess formed therein, into which a feeding object is fed.
2. Description of the Related Art
An image recording device capable of recording an image on a recording medium, such as a CD, is known. In the image recording device, a cover having a hole, through which a tray on which the CD is placed can pass through, is provided at a rear surface of the image recording device. When the cover is abruptly opened while the tray is passing through the hole during the image recording on the recording medium, the tray or the recording medium may be damaged.


An apparatus for detecting an in-vehicle network attack, is configured to cumulatively count packets for each device that has a respective ID and is connected to an in-vehicle network bus. The apparatus is configured to cumulate a check value every time the packets are cumulatively counted to calculate a cumulated value, and determine that an attack is conducted when an average cumulated value obtained by dividing the cumulated value by a cumulative counted value does not exceed a first threshold value.

In general, since an in-vehicle network is operated independent of an external network, there is no equipment for protecting in-vehicle network information.
Recently, since the in-vehicle network may be connected to external networks, such as a wireless communication network (3G/4G), Bluetooth, and the like and connected to a vehicle diagnosis device, it is likely that an in-vehicle network is negatively affected. That is, when a malicious attacker of external networks disturbs an internal network, a serious problem occurs in a vehicle operation, which may threaten safety of passengers.
Meanwhile, characteristics (packet size, delay time, occurrence frequency, and the like) of Internet packets having the same IP address are changed over time and the packets also have irregular and random characteristics. Therefore, a technology of detecting a network attack generally determines whether an attack occurs based on the number of received packets per unit time.
On the other hand, traffics generated in the in-vehicle network have different packet generation frequencies for each ID, but the traffics for each ID are relatively regularly generated. In this case, when two packets are generated simultaneously, a transmission sequence is determined based on priority.
Therefore, when packets having an ID are generated at high speed, an attack of injecting packets having a higher priority than that of the ID into a network with a frequency similar to the generation frequency of packets having the ID may not be detected only by an analysis based on the number of received packets per unit time.
That is, since IDs for attack having a higher priority are injected into a network instead of a normal ID having a lower priority, an attack may not be detected merely by a method of counting the number of packets.
Therefore, a need exists for a traffic analysis method suitable for vehicle traffics, that is different from a method used for Internet intrusion detection.

Apparatus and method for detecting in-vehicle network attack

INDUSTRY-ACADEMIC COOPERATION FOUNDATION, CHOSAUN UNIVERSITY


A non-volatile memory device may include a control plug formed over a substrate. A floating gate may be formed over the substrate, the floating gate surrounding the control plug and being separated from the control plug by a gap. A first charge blocking layer may be formed over sidewalls of the floating gate to fill the gap.

1. Field
Exemplary implementations of the present invention relate to a semiconductor device fabrication technology, and more particularly, to a non-volatile memory device and a method of fabricating the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recent digital media devices allow people to readily use information they want anywhere at any time. As various devices are converted from analog to digital and the digital devices are propagating rapidly, storage media for simply storing video, recorded music, and diverse data are required. Meanwhile, a non-memory semiconductor field also pays attention to System on Chip (SoC) to keep the pace with the trend of high integration, and the global semiconductor industries are competitively making an investment in SoC foundation technology. The SoC is a technology of integrating all system technologies into a single semiconductor. Without system designing technology, it is difficult to develop non-memory semiconductor.
As a chip having a complex function of both digital circuit and analog circuit emerges as mainstream technology in the SoC field where complicated technologies are integrated, there is an increasing demand for an embedded memory for trimming an analog device or storing an internal operation algorithm.
Since embedded memories are fabricated based on a logic process or a CMOS process for forming a logic circuit, it is difficult to improve the integration degree and operation characteristics of the embedded memories. To solve this problem, in other words, to improve the integration degree and operation characteristics of the embedded memories, it is inevitable to add other processes in addition to a predetermined logic process. However, procedural variables of the processes added to the predetermined logic process deteriorate not only the embedded memory but also the characteristics of a device including an embedded memory.

Non-volatile memory device and method of fabricating the same


Systems and methods are provided for an equalizer. An equalizer includes a first voltage correcting circuit configured to correct a communication signal by applying a first variable corrective voltage to the communication signal, the first corrective voltage having a voltage level selected according to a first adjustable granularity. A second voltage correcting circuit is configured to further correct the communication signal by applying a second variable corrective voltage to the communication signal, the second corrective voltage having a voltage level selected according to a second adjustable granularity that is different from the first adjustable granularity.

Channel losses, inter-symbol interferences, and signal reflections are just a few of many causes of receipt of imperfect communication signals at a receiver. Equalizers, such as decision feedback equalizers attempt to correct these imperfections to improve data signal detection and reduce transmission error rates.
The description above is presented as a general overview of related art in this field and should not be construed as an admission that any of the information it contains constitutes prior art against the present patent application.

Systems and methods for reducing quantization errors using adjustable equalizer granularities


A method of gas phase synthesis including the steps of measuring, by ellipsometry, optical properties of a surface of a sample on which a film is formed during formation of the film, and of evaluating the density of nucleation from changes in ellipsometric parameter angles during formation of of the film. An apparatus for gas phase synthesis includes a synthesizing chamber, a light source means which is disposed outside the synthesizing chamber for radiating polarized light into the synthesizing chamber, a light-inlet window mounted on the synthesizing chamber for introducing thereinto the light radiated from the light source means, a light-outlet window mounted on the synthesizing chamber for leading the light introduced from the light-inlet window and reflected from a substrate on which a film is being formed out of the synthesizing chamber, a light-receiving means for receiving the light reflected from the substrate and passed through the light-outlet window, and a data processing system for receiving an output signal from the light-receiving means for measuring and analyzing a density of nucleation.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for gas phase synthesis and, in particular, to a method of synthesizing in gas phase a functional material or a hard film, especially a diamond film to be used for mechanical purposes and for semiconductor purposes, as well as to an apparatus for carrying out this method.
As a representative example of a conventional apparatus for gas phase synthesis of a diamond film, there are known those as disclosed by S. Matsumoto et al in the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 21, p. L183 (1982); M. Kamo et al in the Journal of Crystal Growth, 62, p. 642 (1983); K. Suzuki et al in the Applied Physics Letters, 50, p. 728 (1987).
In case the diamond film is used as a coating film on a tool or a wear-resistant sliding part, the adhesion of the film to a substrate is an important matter of interest. This matter is known to be solved by controlling or increasing the density of nucleation of the diamond crystal nuclei grown at the beginning on the substrate.
Further, in case the diamond film is used as a protection film on an optical window or a protection film of a lens, it is necessary for the film surface to be smooth in order to improve the light penetrating characteristics by minimizing the scattering of light on the film. However, since the diamond grows in the form of nuclei, the surface of the diamond film formed cannot be made smooth if the density of the nucleation is small. Therefore, in this case, it is also necessary to control or increase the density of nucleation of the diamond crystal nuclei.
In case the diamond film is used for semiconductor purposes, it is necessary to epitaxilly grow the diamond film. For this purpose, it is required that the film be formed under conditions of high density of growth of crystal nuclei, i.e., high density of nucleation.
As described above, controlling or increasing the density of nucleation is especially important in utilizing the material susceptible of easy nucleus growth such as diamond as a functional material or as a hard film.
On the other hand, it is sometimes disadvantageous from a viewpoint of other film characteristics or economy to unnecessarily increase the density of nucleation. In such a case, it is important to control the density of nucleation at a level above a predetermined value while satisfying the other requirements.
As a method of controlling or increasing the density of nucleation, there is known, at present, a method of scratching the substrate on which the film is formed with diamond powders prior to the film formation (as disclosed, for example, by Yugo et al in the Extended Abstracts of the 35th Spring Meeting of the Jpn. Soc. Appl. Phys. and the Related Societies, p. 438, 1988).
This method of scratching treatment with diamond powders is a method in which prior to film formation a substrate is placed into a solution containing therein diamond powders outside a synthesizing apparatus and subject it to ultrasonic vibrations for a predetermined period of time, or the substrate is rubbed against diamond powders to form very fine scratches on the substrate. Thereafter, the film is formed on the substrate. According to this method, by controlling the density of the scratches to be formed on the substrate, the density of nucleation can be controlled to a certain degree within a range of 10.sup.5 to 10.sup.9 /cm.sup.2.
The evaluation of the density of nucleation of the diamond nuclei has generally been made by taking out a sample, after film formation, to examine with an electron microscope or the like, thereby counting the number of grown nuclei within a predetermined area.
Since the control or the evaluation of the density of nucleation according to the conventional method is carried out only before or after the film formation, the grasping of the density of nucleation is nothing but an estimate or a result. Therefore, it was impossible in the conventional method to accurately control the density of nucleation.
Further, in case the number of grown nuclei is counted in process with an electron microscope, the electron microscope must be placed inside an apparatus for gas phase synthesis. It is impossible to count the number in such a high-pressure zone as in the method of gas phase synthesis because the mean free path of the electrons is short.

Method and apparatus for gas phase synthesis


A contact block (31) is provided with a flat face portion (311A) parallel with the axis of a spindle (12) and a conical face portion (311B) that comes closer to the flat face portion (311A) along the axial direction of the spindle (12) in the direction of going away from the spindle (12). Even in the case of a shape formed by integrating a step and a gap inseparably, since the flat face portion (311A) is parallel with the axis of the spindle (12), it is possible to insert the contact block (31) into the gap while the axis of the spindle (12) is kept perpendicular to the direction of the gap, hence it is possible to measure the gap W accordingly.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a step and gap measuring instrument, more specifically to a step and gap measuring instrument that is provided with a spindle disposed on a case body movably in the axial direction of the spindle and a contact point disposed at one end of the spindle, and measures the height of a step and/or the width of a gap by making the contact point abut a workpiece.
2. Description of Related Art
Conventionally, a dial gage or the like has been used for the measurement of a step and a caliper or the like for the measurement of a gap. As a consequence, there has been such problems that, when it is attempted to measure both a step and a gap of a workpiece, at least two kinds of measuring instruments have been required, for example, a dial gage or the like firstly to measure a step and a caliper or the like secondly to measure a gap, and that has involved an immense amount of time and effort.
As a means of solving the problem, an inside measuring instrument is proposed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei7-113603. The inside measuring instrument is configured so as to be equipped with: a case body; a spindle disposed on the case body movably in the axial direction thereof; a conical contact point that is disposed at the tip of the spindle and has a conical side face abutting a workpiece; a displacement detector that detects the displacement of the spindle; a computation controller that computes the gap between the measuring portions of the workpiece on the basis of the displacement of the spindle detected by the displacement detector and a constant based on the conical shape of the contact point and displays the computation results on a digital display; and a reference piece that is attached to the case body and provides a reference end face.
Such an inside measuring instrument makes it possible to measure a gap of a workpiece by inserting a contact point into the gap. Firstly, the contact point is inserted into a gap until the reference end face of a reference piece abuts the reference flat face of a workpiece. By so doing, the spindle moves in such a direction that the spindle is squeezed in the case body and the displacement is detected by the displacement detector. The computation controller computes the gap of the workpiece on the basis of the detected displacement and a constant based on the conical shape of the contact point and displays the computation result on the digital display, and consequently an operator can know the gap by reading the result on the digital display.
Further, since the inside measuring instrument can be also used as a conventional dial gage, it is possible to measure a step as well by using it.
That is, by using the inside measuring instrument, both a step and a gap can be measured with a single instrument.
With an inside measuring instrument disclosed in the aforementioned patent document however, a gap cannot be measured in the case of a shape formed in such a way as integrating a step and a gap inseparably as shown in FIG. 12. That is, since the shape of the contact point of the inside measuring instrument is conical, it is impossible to insert the conical contact point perpendicularly to the gap in such a case as shown in FIG. 12, and consequently the gap cannot be measured.


There is disclosed a method of producing a molded latex product which does not require a vulcanizing step.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of producing a molded latex product which does not require a vulcanizing step.
2. Description of Prior Developments
Latex or emulsion-polymerization technology is well-known in the art and includes vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, acrylics, acrylonitrile and ethylene, in addition to the monomers of styrene, butadiene and isoprene. Emulsion polymerization is a heterogeneous noncatalytic reaction. The mechanistic reaction model is based on the mixing of a monomer and a surfactant in water to yield both monomer droplets and solubilized monomer in micelles. The free radical is generated in the aqueous phase and can enter either the monomer droplet or monomer-swollen micelle.
Generally, the course of batch-emulsion polymerization is subdivided into three intervals. Particle formation takes place during interval I and, depending on the water solubility of the monomer, normally ends at 1-5% conversion. Interval II is characterized by the growth of the primary particles and ends when the separate monomer phase disappears. In interval III, the particle volume decreases, i.e. the monomer concentration in the particle decreases with a corresponding increase in polymer viscosity.
Solubilization is the spontaneous passage of molecules of an insoluble substance in water into the interior of the micelle of a dilute surfactant solution. Solubilization involves the process of diffusion from a separate monomer phase to the micelle. Emulsification occurs beyond the monomer saturation point of micelles with further addition of monomer. There is a strong temperature effect on the solubilization of an oil in the aqueous solution of a nonionic surfactant that results from a change in the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of the surfactant.
Emulsion polymers generally are considered to be metastable systems. The large surface represented by the particles is thermodynamically unstable and any perturbation affecting the balancing forces results in a change of the kinetics of particle agglomeration. An interface, e.g. the latex polymer particle aqueous phase interface, may acquire an electrostatic charge by any one of several well-known mechanisms.
Freeze-thaw stability, which is important to shipping and storing of latices, may be accomplished in any one of several ways including the incorporation of ionogenic comonomers and the prevention of ice formation. This may be achieved by the addition of water-soluble solvents, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc. which depress the freezing point. With ionogenically stabilized latices, the addition of a water-soluble organic solvent swells the latex particles but does not dissolve them The latex particles are stabilized by charge and hydration of polar surface groups. The degree of charge stabilization is determined by the balance between the surface-active agent concentration on the particle surface and particle size. The stability and the performance properties of latices depend in part on the particle size and distribution. Viscosity is dependent upon latex rheology.
The traditional raw material has been natural latex concentrate preserved with approximately 0.7% ammonia and containing about 60% of rubber. This is normally prepared on rubber estates by centrifugation of field latex. Creamed latex concentrate may also be used. Concentrates are available containing a lower amount (0.2%) of ammonia together with a secondary preservative. Blends of natural rubber latex with styrene-butadiene (SBR) latices are frequently employed. The choice of blend depends on factors such as price, processing behavior and technical requirements for the final product.
There are several well-known methods of producing latex products. Dipped articles, which are seamless hollow articles, in general are formed from polymer solutions or dispersions by completely coating a mold surface, then drying and cross-linking the coating. The molds are coated by dipping them briefly into the polymer solution or dispersion so that polymer precipitates on their surface. Latex products precipitated on molds are dried in hot air and vulcanized. Articles produced in hollow molds by casting may be considered a special category of dipped articles. In such cases, the precipitation of the polymer takes place mainly by absorption of the serum through the pores. Very high wall thicknesses are achieved in this way.
Molded foams are also well-known in the art. The greatest proportion of molded foam is produced by the Dunlop process. Here, an aqueous sodium silicofluoride dispersion is added to the readily mixed, vulcanizable latex compound during the mechanical foaming process. The quantity depends on the desired potlife of the foam compound, which is generally adjusted to 8-12 minutes, a time sufficient to fill the foam molds. After vulcanization, the articles are removed from the mold, washed and dried.
In the so-called Kaysam process sensitization is carried out with ammonium salts in the presence of zinc oxide whereas in the Dunlop process sodium or potassium silicofluoride is used with zinc oxide.
Polyvinyl methyl ether and polyoxypropylene glycol are easily soluble in water at room temperature, but at a certain temperature they become insoluble in water and are precipitated. Simultaneously they induce the latex particles to coagulate as an irreversible coagulum, resulting in a uniform film deposited on the surface.
In the case of heat sensitization with trypsin, the stabilizing protein substances still present in the latex are decomposed and the latex is so sensitized that, after the addition of zinc oxide and simultaneous heating of the compound to about 50.degree. C., spontaneous coagulation takes place in about 3 to 4 minutes.
The Talalay process is an alternative foam process by which the vulcanizable latex compound is frothed in a mechanical mixer to give a foam with relatively high density which is poured into molds. The closed molds are evacuated. The latex compound foams to its final density because of the vacuum applied and thus fills the mold completely. By cooling the mold to about 30.degree. C. the structure of the foam is fixed. Carbon disxide is led into the mold, thus lowering the pH of the frozen foamed latex compound, which then gels. The foam can then be thawed and the mold heated in stages to 110.degree. C. After vulcanization is complete, the article is removed from the mold, washed and dried.
In each of the above processes, a synthetic rubber latex is employed. Synthetic latices are differentiated from other polymer dispersions [i.e. poly(vinyl chloride), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer or polyacrylates]. The criterion for identifying a synthetic latex is recognized to be the irreversible conversion of the polymer from the thermoplastic to the elastomeric state by vulcanization.
Latex vulcanizates are dried in air room temperature or at an elevated temperature. The drying of very thin sectioned goods (0.5-0.1 mm) is extremely rapid. The drying of thick-walled goods takes place in two phases, the first phase being rapid but the second phase taking considerably longer owing to the reduced water permeability of the film. Therefore, hot air with a relative humidity of 50% to 60% is often passed over the drying films. The humidity in the hot air prevents the surface of the rubber film from closing as rapidly as it would otherwise do and thus enables water inside the film to reach the surface more easily. At an elevated temperature, i.e. 100.degree. C. to 110.degree. C., the drying takes place rapidly. It is generally considered advisable to dry at a moderate temperature initially (about 70.degree. C.) and then to pass from drying to curing by increasing the temperature to 110.degree. C.
The method of the present invention, which may be used with any type of latex, produces a superior latex product which does not require vulcanization and, therefore, does not require the drying of latex vulcanizates. Surprisingly, the present method teaches the production of solid latex foam without requiring a vulcanization step.