An interposer module may be used between a unified architecture blade compute module and a mid-plane of a present technology blade compute module system. The interposer module may contain input-output controllers for desired input-output fabrics. The mid-plane couples these input-output controllers to associated input-output fabric switches. The same unified architecture blade compute module may also be used without the interposer module in a new technology blade compute module system having multi-context fabric input-output controllers. The multi-context fabric input-output controllers may be coupled to the unified architecture blade compute modules of the information handling system by a switch such as a PCI Express (PCIe) switch.

As the value and use of information continues to increase, individuals and businesses seek additional ways to process and store information. One option available to users are information handling systems. An information handling system generally processes, compiles, stores, and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or other purposes, thereby allowing users to take advantage of the value of the information. Because technology and information handling needs and requirements vary between different users or applications, information handling systems may also vary regarding what information is handled, how the information is handled, how much information is processed, stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the information may be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in information handling systems allow for information handling systems to be general or configured for a specific user or specific use such as financial transaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage, or global communications. In addition, information handling systems may include a variety of hardware and software components that may be configured to process, store, and communicate information and may include one or more computer systems, data storage systems, and networking systems, e.g., computer, personal computer workstation, portable computer, computer server, print server, network router, network hub, network switch, storage area network disk array, RAID disk system and telecommunications switch.
As consumer demand increases for smaller and denser information handling systems, manufacturers strive to integrate more computer components into a smaller space. This integration has led to the development of several applications, including high density compute modules. High density compute modules provide the computer processing resources of several computers in a small amount of space. A typical arrangement for a high density compute module system includes a shared power supply system, a management module, shared input-output (I/O) interfaces, a connection board (e.g., a back-plane or mid-plane) and the compute modules.
Blade compute modules, or "blades," are miniaturized compute modules that typically are powered from a common power supply system and are cooled by a cooling system within a multi-compute module cabinet. Typically, a blade includes a circuit board with one or more processors, memory, a connection port, and possibly a disk drive for storage. By arranging a plurality of blades like books on a shelf in the multi-compute module cabinet, a high density multi-compute module system achieves significant cost and space savings over a plurality of conventional computers in separate enclosures. These savings result directly from the sharing of common resources, e.g., I/O interfaces, power supplies, cooling systems, enclosures, etc., and the reduction of space required by this type of multi-compute module system while providing a significant increase in available computer processing power.
Blades may be adaptable for a number of different input-output (I/O) interface protocols in a multi-compute module information handling system. Each of these I/O interface protocols may be interchanged to a user specified fabric, e.g., Ethernet network interface controller (NIC), Fibre Channel (FC), InfiniBand, etc., by a modular daughter card associated with the respective blade, e.g., the modular daughter card may plug into a connector on the blade. Each daughter card connector is routed to a specific I/O interface module. All of the daughter cards connected to the specific I/O interface module must have the same fabric as that I/O interface module for proper operation thereof.

Fabric interposer for blade compute module systems


A data exchange method in a Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) system, including an assistant point and a converging point. One method comprises selecting a predetermined number of subbands with the best channel quality, and exchanging user data of the selected subbands. Only part of the user data received at the assistant point is transmitted to the converging point. The requirement on the transport network capacity is thus loosened. By transmitting data with the best channel quality, a good enough gain is guaranteed.

Unless otherwise indicated herein, the approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims in this disclosure and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Currently, the CoMP Work Item was approved in 3GPP RAN plenary #53 meeting. A User Equipment (UE) in a CoMP scenario means that a UE is served by at least two nodes at the same time, including a macro node and at least one pico node. Uplink Coordinated Multi-Point Joint Reception (UL CoMP-JR) is an advanced technology introduced in LTE to improve the coverage of high data rate service, cell-edge throughput and/or to increase system throughput, due to the increased UE signal receiving power and good interference suppression of one or several interferers. UL CoMP JR operation targets many different deployments, including coordination between sites and sectors in cellular macro deployments, as well as different configurations of heterogeneous deployments, where for instance a macro-node coordinates the transmission with pico-nodes within the macro node's coverage area.
FIG. 1 shows a CoMP scenario, and FIG. 2 shows an UL processing procedure in a CoMP scenario. As shown, a UE 140 may be served by a converging point 110 and two assistant points 120 and 130. The converging point 110 transmits service data directly to the UE 140, and to the assistant points 120 and 130, which forward the received service data to the UE 140. The UE 140 jointly processes the service data received from the converging point 110 and from the assistant points, and can get a service with an increased gain. Similarly, the UE 140 transmits signals directly to the converging point 110. The assistant points 120 and 130 are capable of receiving the signals transmitted from the UE 140.
The assistant points 120 and 130 may optionally pre-process the received signals, and forward the pre-processed signals to the converging point 110. On each assistant point, the received signals could be hard or soft demodulated according to the requirements as the optional pre-processing. The converging point 140 then co-processes the signals received from the UE and from the assistant points. After co-processing, the signal quality from the UE is well improved because of the combination of the multiple received signals from multiple points, so that the system performance, such as cell-edge throughput, can be improved in the UL in the CoMP scenario. The converging point may be the serving point, for example the macro node, and the assistant points may be the cooperated points, for example, the pico nodes.
From the above mentioned UL CoMP processing procedure, it is noted that one key issue for UL CoMP is to exchange received UE signals between points, which are normally geometry distributed. Therefore, this normally requires a proper transport network capacity for the inter-point data exchanging, and different pre-processing options would have different transport network capacity requirements.
The typical pre-processing options, maximum transport network capacity requirements and potential UL CoMP gains are illustrated and listed in Table 1, where the result is obtained based on the assumptions of eight receiving antennas on each point, 20 MHz bandwidth and TDD subframe configuration 1.
TABLE 1Exchange channel capacity requirements for UL CoMPMax. Transport UL CoMP Pre-processingcapacity requirementgainTime domain raw data4 GbpsHighFrequency domain raw2.4 GbpsHighdataSoft bit conversion100 MbpsMedium-HighDecoded data12 MbpsLow
The received signals on each point can be exchanged without/with simple pre-processing, i.e., raw data in time or frequency domain. Though the UL CoMP gain is large, the transport network capacity requirement is very huge, i.e., 4 Gbps for the time domain raw data exchanging, which needs intra-board data exchange or dedicated fiber connection between points and it is impossible in many deployments.
On the other hand, the signals can be decoded as a series of hard bits on each point to be exchanged. Though the transport network capacity requirement is small, i.e., 12 Mbps, the UL CoMP gain is low because there is almost not much extra information from the hard decoded data for further co-processing.
The soft bits exchange after soft demodulation as the pre-processing on each point is considered to provide for a good balance between transport capacity and UL CoMP gain.
In UL CoMP, as the key issue, the capacity of inter-point transport network directly determines the potential gains. In general, the capability of inter-point communication normally depends on the operator's transport network deployment, which can be:                Direct fiber connection, which can provide high transport capacity while be with the high rollout expense.        Re-use (or rent) of some existed wired transport network, like Packet Transport Network (PTN), which normally can only provide tens of Mbps transport capacity.
For most of operators, especially in dense urban which really needs UL CoMP feature to improve performance, the second one, i.e., re-use of existed wired transport network, is always selected.
It is noted from Table 1 that even though the maximum transport capacity requirement of the pre-process scheme, soft-bit exchange, is much lower than that of time/frequency domain raw data, it still heavily exceeds the real transport network capacity for the above mentioned second deployment. Therefore, in this case, to save the bandwidth, the operators have to switch off UL CoMP feature, or limit the number of UEs to utilize UL CoMP, which would heavily constrain the UL CoMP gains due to such small inter-point transport capacity.
On the other hand, the inter-point transport network bandwidth has to be shared with other communications, such as X2-Handover signaling, etc., which definitely has the higher priority than UL CoMP. Thus, the inter-point data exchange bandwidth for UL CoMP is not always fixed.
In addition, some prior art use traditional bandwidth reduction method to reduce the UL CoMP bandwidth requirement, such as to reduce the number of sampling bits though it increases the quantization noise. However, it normally can only reduce 20˜30% bandwidth requirement, which is still not enough for real deployment.
In total, the prior art cannot fully utilize bandwidth in a flexible way.


A polyolefin-based resin composition of the invention has an addition polymerization-based block copolymer (I) and a polyolefin-based resin (II). The addition polymerization-based block copolymer (I) is selected from block copolymers comprising at least one polymer block A and at least one polymer block B, and the hydrogenated products thereof. The polymer block A comprises an aromatic vinyl compound unit comprising at least 1% by mass of an alkylstyrene-derived structural unit (a), in which at least one alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is bound to a benzene ring. The polymer block B comprises a conjugated diene compound unit. A moiety of polymer block A can undergo crosslinking upon exposure to an active energy ray. After being molded into a desired shape, the composition is exposed to an active energy ray to carry out the crosslinking reaction. The composition exhibits flexibility, heat resistance, mechanical properties and solvent resistance in a well-balanced manner.

Polyolefin-based resins generally show moderate heat resistance and high solvent resistance. This feature makes the compounds suitable for use in a wide range of applications, including wire coatings; cable coatings; tubes; films, such as laminate films, agricultural films, stretch wrapping films, adhesive films, and medical films; sheets, such as agricultural sheets; processed paper; injection molding; pipes; bundling tapes; flat yarns; and fibers. Nonetheless, as far as such applications as wire coatings, tubes, films, and sheets are concerned, further improvements are required in certain physical properties of polyolefin-based resins, including heat resistance and solvent resistance.
The following several methods or techniques have been proposed in an effort to impart required mechanical properties, heat resistance and solvent resistance to the polyolefin-based resins. In a method <1>, a crosslinkable polymer composition composed of a polyolefin-based resin and a crosslinkable monomer is exposed to an active energy ray (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 10-147671). In another method <2>, polyethylene is blended with an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer or a styrene-based block copolymer (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 11-130921).
Also, in a technique <3>, a polyethylene resin composition that undergoes crosslinking upon exposure to electron beam has been proposed. This composition is composed of a polyethylene and a highly crosslinkable ethylene copolymer obtained by copolymerization of a non-conjugated diene having 8 or more carbon atoms (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 7-48482). In a technique <4>, a molded article has also been proposed that comprises an ethylene interpolymer (preferably, uniformly branched ethylene polymer) copolymerized with at least one other monomers and that is formed by curing, irradiating, or crosslinking the ethylene polymer (National Publication of PCT application No. 2002-515530). In a method <5>, also proposed is a crosslinked composition containing silane-modified polyolefins and polypropylenes (International Patent Publication No. WO 01/038433).
Furthermore, in a technique <6>, a method for producing a particular elastomer has been proposed. In this method, a composition containing an ethylene-propylene rubber, a crystalline polymer (preferably, polyethylene) and an inorganic filler is exposed to an ionizing radiation to cause the composition to undergo crosslinking and thus form the elastomer (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Sho 51-59981). In a technique <7>, a composition has also been proposed that has been improved in its properties such as oil-resistance, cut-through property, thermal deformation, and solder resistance. This composition is obtained by crosslinking a particular crosslinkable resin composition either chemically or by exposure to an electron beam. The crosslinkable resin composition is composed of a styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer, a polypropylene, an oil, a stabilizer, and a crosslinking aid (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 58-145751). In a technique <8>, a heat-resistant and flame-resistant crosslinkable polyethylene composition has been proposed that is obtained by causing a particular composition to undergo crosslinking either chemically or by exposure to an electron beam. The composition is composed of a polyethylene, a styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer, and a flame retardant (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Sho 59-105040).
However, the method <1>, which involves addition of a crosslinkable monomer and irradiation with an active energy ray, cannot necessarily provide the resulting crosslinkable polymer composition with sufficient heat resistance or solvent resistance. In the method <2>, in which a polyethylene is mixed with an ethylene-α-olefin copolymer or a styrene-based block copolymer, the addition of ethylene-α-olefin copolymer does not significantly improve the heat resistance of the resulting resin, while the addition of styrene-based block copolymer often results in a reduced solvent resistance of the resin. Thus, the method is not appropriate when it is desired to obtain a composition that exhibits flexibility and heat resistance in a well-balanced manner.
Although each of the techniques <3> through <5> is effective in facilitating crosslinking of the resin, as well as in improving the heat resistance of the resin, none is effective in improving the flexibility of the resin and is thus suitable for applications that require high flexibility.
Involving an ethylene-propylene copolymer rubber or a styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer as an elastic component, the techniques <6> through (8) are each effective to some extent in increasing the flexibility of the resin. However, each of these techniques fails to impart sufficient crosslinkability and, thus, heat resistance to the resin and is not suitable for use in applications that require high heat resistance, such as wire coatings intended for use in the engine room of automobiles.
For these reasons, a demand exists for a polyolefin-based resin composition that exhibits flexibility, mechanical properties, heat resistance, and solvent resistance in a well-balanced manner and is thus suitable for use in applications such as wire coatings, cable coatings, tubes, films, and sheets.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Polyolefin-based resin composition and use thereof


A marker assembly has a scalable frame that allows a user to set the width of the frame to provide flexibility in defining the width at which a marking furrow is made. The scalable frame includes multiple linkages interconnected to one another in a manner that allows the frame to be folded into a relatively compact configuration for storage and/or transport. An outer linkage has a telescoping member that allows a user to vary the spacing of a marking disc to vary the width at which a marking furrow is made in the ground.

The present invention relates generally to agricultural implements and, more particularly, to a scalable marker assembly for use with an agricultural implement.
Agricultural seeders, which are commonly used to deposit seed, fertilizer, and granular chemicals onto a farm field, generally consist of a towable frame that supports one or more rows of seed units. Seed or other granular product is typically metered to the seed units which in turn deposit the product onto the farm field. The seeder will often include furrowing opening devices, such as coulters, knives, shanks, and the like that cut a furrow into the farm field immediately ahead of the seed units so that the granular product is deposited into a furrow rather than simply atop the farm field. A trailing packer will then pack the furrow to improve germination and/or fertilization.
Agricultural seeders are also commonly outfitted with a pair of marker assemblies. Each marker assembly will generally include a marker frame which carries a marking disc. A seeder will typically have a marker frame extending laterally on opposite sides of the seeder, and the marker frames can be independently raised and lowered by a respective lift assembly, such as a hydraulic cylinder. The marking disc is designed to cut a furrow into the farm field which serves as a marker as to the position of the seeder as the field was passed. Thus, during a subsequent pass of the farm field, the operator can position the seeder so that the next pass is properly aligned with the previous seeding pass to prevent overseeding of a previously seeded area or to prevent undesirable gaps in the seeded rows. Improper uniformity in spacing of the rows as well as distribution of the seed can negatively impact crop yields.
Most marker assemblies have a collapsible or foldable frame that can be retracted from an extended working position to a folded position for transport and/or storage. Typically, the frame will consist of either one linkage or two linkages pivotably connected to one another. The width of the marker frame (distance the marker frame extends away from the implement to which it is coupled) is set by the collective length of the one or more linkages. Fixing the width of the marker assembly prevents any flexibility in letting a farmer define the width of the marking furrow made by the marker assembly. Moreover, since not all planters make a pass across a field with the same planting width, manufactures must design and make marker assemblies that are tailored for a specific planter width. For a product line consisting of planters of different widths, the need for individualized marker assemblies can introduce additional manufacturing, materials, tooling, and inventory costs. In addition, a number of wider marker assemblies for planters with relatively wide planting widths have been developed but they cannot be compactly folded for transport and storage.
Therefore, there is a need for a scalable marker assembly capable of marking a marking furrow at user-selectable widths that can be folded into a compact configuration when desired for transport and/or storage.

Marker assembly for an agricultural implement


Memory pages of a local application program are prefetched from a memory of a remote host. A method of prefetching the memory pages from the remote memory includes detecting that a cache-line access made by a processor executing the local application program is an access to a cache line containing page table data of the local application program, identifying data pages that are referenced by the page table data, and fetching the identified data pages from the remote memory and storing the fetched data pages in a local memory.

Remote memory techniques have been employed to pool memory from multiple hosts connected via a fast network. Even though the network has high bandwidth and low latency, the cost of a remote memory access is still high relative to local memory accesses. To avoid delays in remote memory accesses, memory pages may be prefetched before they are accessed. Various prediction models have been developed to be employed in prefetching memory pages from a remote host, but they have generally been inadequate. What is needed is an improved way of prefetching memory pages from a remote host that is able to better predict what memory locations are to be accessed by application programs before they are actually accessed.


A reduction gear includes: an orthogonal shaft reduction gear having an orthogonal shaft reduction gear casing; and a parallel shaft reduction gear having a parallel shaft reduction gear casing, which is connected to the orthogonal shaft reduction gear, wherein the orthogonal shaft reduction gear casing and the parallel shaft reduction gear casing are connected through a joint plate, the orthogonal shaft reduction gear casing has a flange portion protruding to the outside of the orthogonal shaft reduction gear casing, and the orthogonal shaft reduction gear casing and the joint plate are connected by a first bolt inserted into the flange portion from the orthogonal shaft reduction gear side, and a second bolt inserted into the joint plate from the parallel shaft reduction gear side.

Technical Field
The present invention relates to a reduction gear.
Description of Related Art
The related art discloses a reduction gear in which an orthogonal shaft reduction gear having an orthogonal shaft reduction gear casing and a parallel shaft reduction gear having a parallel shaft reduction gear casing are connected.
The orthogonal shaft reduction gear is provided with an orthogonal pinion shaft which is supported on the orthogonal shaft reduction gear casing through a bearing. The orthogonal shaft reduction gear casing and the parallel shaft reduction gear casing are connected to face each other in a direction orthogonal to the orthogonal pinion shaft.


A device for audiovisual presentation of sound and images, particularly for advertising purposes, with a memory unit (14) and a monitor (10) to display image information from the memory unit (14). An actuator unit (11) is provided to move the monitor, and a control unit (12) controlling the actuator unit (11) depending upon the image information displayed on the monitor (10) controls movement of the monitor (10).

The present invention involves a device for audiovisual presentation of sound and images, particularly for advertising purposes, with a memory unit and a monitor for displaying image information from the memory unit.
Audiovisual presentations are a familiar use of monitors or displays that are available in the form of CRTs, or increasingly flat monitors, primarily LCD and TFT flat monitors. Monitors are used, for example, to present advertising offers in stores, at exhibitions, and in public transportation. These monitors are usually positioned in a stationary manner at the location, and supplied with sound and image material from a video player or a DVD player. This video information is usually displayed on the monitor without a change in the configuration as recorded on the data medium. This widely disseminated type of presentation has lost a great deal of its attractiveness through many years of unchanged usage, not least because the use of television in the home has accustomed the addressed public to this type of presentation; in other words, such presentations usually no longer attract any particular degree of attention.
Thus there exists a need for an audiovisual presentation device that is appropriate for attracting attention from both technical audiences and consumers with regard to advertising offers.

Device for audiovisual presentation of sound and images

GTG Gesellcraft für elektronische Geräte mbH


The invention provides a catheter and control box apparatus and related methods that are useful in delivering liquids, including liquids comprising nucleic acid molecules into cells. In particular, the invention provides a catheter that stabilizes fluid flow within a vein to deliver a volume, pressure charge of saline solution, exogenous compositions, and isolated vectors to kidney cells, using the renal vein as a guide and under hydrodynamic pressure. The catheter and control box apparatus and related methods described herein are useful to research, prognose, ameliorate symptoms of kidney injury, and treat kidney pathologies.

Reliable methods for gene transfer to specific target cells in live animals have the potential both to enhance basic and disease-focused research in animal models and to facilitate the advancement of gene therapy in humans. Numerous methods have been proposed to deliver exogenous genes to mammalian cells in situ. These techniques could provide inexpensive and rapid alternatives to pronuclear microinjection-derived transgenic models. However, more efficient approaches are needed to enhance gene transfer by improving the distribution, extent and duration of gene expression, while minimizing injury associated with the delivery.
Generally, in vivo nucleic acid molecule transfer rates are directly influenced by the following phenomena: 1) time taken for cells to express the delivered nucleic acid molecules; 2) number of cells that incorporate the exogenous nucleic acid molecules; 3) intensity of the resulting expression; 4) cellular turnover rates; 5) vascular flow rates; 6) reliability of the process; 7) method driving nucleic acid molecule expression; and 8) possible injury that may result from the nucleic acid molecule delivery process.
Efficient gene transfer has been difficult to achieve routinely in the kidney, as illustrated by the varied levels of successful transgene incorporation reported in previous studies, and more generally, the failure of any of these methods to achieve widespread use. The structure of various renal vascular beds and their permeability characteristics present intrinsic challenges to gene transfer processes. For example, proximal tubule epithelial cells have an immense capacity for the apical endocytic uptake of exogenous materials, and thus the possibility of transgene incorporation. Yet, the accessibility of the apical domain to exogenously delivered vectors, and accordingly the resulting extent of transgene uptake, are strongly limited by the permeability characteristics of the glomerular filtration barrier. The degree to which proximal tubule cells are accessible for gene delivery at the basolateral surface, via the peritubular capillaries, is largely unknown.
In the kidney, previous studies have observed widely varying levels of gene expression using adenovirus vectors. In those studies, the adenoviral vectors were delivered through arterial injections in normal and cystic rats; via pelvic catheter infusion in normal rats; and via tail vein and cortical micropuncture injections in uninjured animals. For instance, adenovirus vectors delivered through intra-arterial injections to kidneys that were pre-chilled for extended periods generated transgene expression largely within the cortical vasculature; whereas the pre-chilling treatment, combined with vasodilators, facilitated gene transfer in both the inner and outer stripes of the outer medulla. However, expression in the cystic kidneys was only observed as patchy patterns in the vasculature, some epithelial cysts and interstitial cells.
Another group used adenovirus vectors to transduce rat glomerular endothelial cells by slow infusion into the renal artery. This technique resulted in transgene expression which lasted for at least 3 weeks without causing significant damage. However, expression was not observed within other cell types. Within the same study, analogous concentrations of the same adenovirus vector were delivered to the kidney via arterial injections and pelvic catheter infusions produced transgene expression in distinct, but still limited, regions of the kidney.
Comparably, studies using tail vein or retrograde ureteral adenovirus infusions, to target aquaporin water channels, also reported varied levels of expression that appeared to be dependent upon the transgene infusion site. Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) expression in apical and basolateral membranes of proximal tubule epithelial cells in the renal cortex, but no AQP1 expression was observed in glomeruli, loop of Henle, or collecting duct, when the virus was delivered by tail vein infusions.
Conversely, through ureteral infusions, significant ureteral and renal papilla transgene expression was reported, also with less intense and patchy expression observed in cortical collecting ducts.
Finally, others have explored direct transfer of adenovirus vectors into individual nephron segments using micropuncture techniques and achieved site-specific genetic incorporation within the injected tubules or vascular welling points. One limitation of the approach, however, is that gene expression is restricted to the injection site. There is also a risk of injury from transgene delivery via inflammatory responses generated from large concentrations of adenovirus vectors. Importantly, this result also demonstrated the utility of intravital fluorescent two-photon microscopy as a means of directly monitoring protein expression in live animals.
Lastly, acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a major clinical problem, as approximately 25% of ICU patients and 5-15% of all hospitalized patients experience this injury. Such patients observe increased risks of having their AKI progress to renal insufficiency, and ultimately dying during their hospitalization. Generally, AKI results primarily from direct renal trauma or blood loss, and the accumulation of various toxins, such as broad-spectrum antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents, in proximal tubule epithelial cells. The management of AKI depends on the identification and treatment of its underlying cause, and current treatment regimes are mainly supportive. Intravenous fluid delivery is generally the first course of treatment for pre-renal AKI, in the absence of hypervolemia. This standard approach is employed to prevent or eliminate volume depletions, remove tubular blockages, dilute toxin concentrations, facilitate diuresis and reinstate normal GFP levels. However, further studies are needed to determine exact fluid quantities and infusion endpoints for maximal interventional benefit.
AKI patients also have increased risk of progression to renal failure. AKI results from various etiologies including nephrotoxic agents, such as aminoglycosides, chemotherapeutic drugs and radiocontrast dyes. Management of AKI depends on identification and treatment of underlying causes, and current treatment regimens are mainly supportive. Gene therapy has been proposed as a novel alternative to treat, and possibly prevent AKI. While significant challenges to efficient renal gene transfer remain, the development of renal gene therapy by hydrodynamic gene delivery has shown promise in addressing this problem by providing substantial levels of reporter transgene expression in proximal tubule, which is the site of major damage during AKI.

Hydrodynamic method and apparatus for delivering fluids to kidney tissues

Indiana University Research and Technology Corporation

United States Government as Represented by the Department of Veterans Affairs


A fuse holder device including a casing, at least one pair of substantially cylindrical terminals respectively mounted inside the casing, each terminal having a split receptacle at one end adapted to receive one end of a respective fuse and an electric wire receptacle at an opposite end adapted to receive one end of a respective electric wire, at least one fuse respectively connected between the at least one pair of terminals, a plurality of electric wires respectively connected to the terminals at two opposite ends of each fuse, and a plurality of clamps respectively mounted around the electric wires inside the casing to secure the electric wires to the terminals.

The present invention relates to a fuse holder device which uses terminals and clamps to secure electric wires to fuse means rapidly.
FIG. 1 shows a fuse and electric wire mounting arrangement according to the prior art. This arrangement comprises a casing 10', two fuse holders 11' disposed inside the casing 10' near its two opposite ends, the fuse holders 11', a cartridge fuse 13' connected between the fuse holders 11'. Each fuse holder 11' has a first plug hole 12' at an inner side adapted to hold one end of the cartridge fuse 13', and a second plug hole 14' at an outer side adapted to receive an electric wire. When the conductors of two electric wires are respectively inserted into the second plug holes 14' on the fuse holders 11', tightening up screws 15' are threaded into respective screw holes on two opposite ends of the casing 10' into respective radial through holes on the fuse holders 11' to fix the inserted electric wires in place. Before the installation of the electric wires, the insulators must be removed from the lead ends of the electric wires, so that the conductors of the lead wires can be exposed to the outside and inserted into the second plug holes 14' on the fuse holders 11' inside the casing 10'. This installation procedure is complicated, and the installation cost of the arrangement is high.


Curable compositions having desirable attributes such as rapid curing rates and enhanced physical properties are prepared using admixtures of one or more (meth)acrylate-functionalized compounds and one or more reactive comonomers, such as 1,1-diester-1-alkenes (e.g., methylene malonates), 1,1-diketo-1-alkenes, 1-ester-1-keto-1-alkenes and/or icatonates.

Radiation-curable compositions based on various types of (meth)acrylate-functionalized compounds (i.e., compounds containing one or more acrylate and/or methacrylate functional groups per molecule, including both monomers and oligomers) have been known for many years and enjoy wide use in a number of applications, including as formulations for coatings, sealants, adhesives, inks, 3D printing inks and molding resins. Generally speaking, methacrylate-functionalized compounds are typically used to provide improvements in the physical properties of the cured formulation (e.g., higher strength, higher glass transition temperature, greater chemical resistance), while acrylate-functionalized compounds are typically employed to promote a faster rate of reaction (i.e., a faster cure rate, when the radiation-curable composition is exposed to radiation). Rapid curing is highly desirable in many end-use applications, as productivity increases and other advantages can thereby be achieved. But at the same time, the physical properties of the cured composition should desirably continue to meet certain minimum performance requirements. While increasing the proportion of acrylate-functionalized compound in a radiation-curable formulation may increase its rate of curing, this often comes at the expense of compromising to some extent the physical properties in the cured product that would otherwise be achieved if only methacrylate-functionalized compounds were present. Many low-functionality acrylate/methacrylate resins (i.e., resins having a low number of (meth)acrylate groups per mole) show poor cure speed using conventional radiation sources, particularly when using long wavelength LED curing systems. Moreover, the acrylate-functionalized compounds (especially acrylate-functionalized monomers) tend to be more irritating and to have greater health hazard issues as compared to their methacrylate-functionalized counterparts.


A capacitor is fabricated on a base surface by applying a first pattern of electrical conductors (a first capacitor plate) over the base surface with an outer surface of the first pattern of electrical conductors including molybdenum. A first hard portion of a capacitor dielectric layer including amorphous hydrogenated carbon is deposited over the first capacitor plate and the base surface, a soft portion of the capacitor dielectric layer is deposited over the first hard portion, and a second hard portion of the capacitor dielectric layer is deposited over the soft portion. The deposition of the soft portion occurs at a lower bias voltage than the deposition of the first and second hard portions. A second pattern of electrical conductors (a second capacitor plate) is applied over the capacitor dielectric layer which is then patterned. A polymer layer is applied over the first and second capacitor plates, and two vias are formed, a first via extending to the first capacitor plate and a second via extending to the second capacitor plate. An electrode-coupling pattern of electrical conductors is applied over the polymer layer, a first portion extending into the first via and a second portion extending into the second via. Deposition of the capacitor dielectric layer can include using a methylethylketone precursor. Additional capacitor dielectric layers and plates having staggered via landing pads can be layered to increase the capacitance.

In one form of high density interconnect (HDI) circuit module, an adhesive-coated polymer film overlay having via openings covers a substrate which can support integrated circuit chips in chip wells. The polymer film provides an insulated layer upon which is deposited a metallization pattern for interconnection of substrate metallization and/or individual circuit chips through the vias. Methods for performing an HDI process using overlays are further described in Eichelberger et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,695, issued Nov. 8, 1988, and in Eichelberger et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,933,042, issued Jun. 12, 1990. Generally a plurality of polymer film overlays and metallization patterns are used. Capacitors are needed for a variety of packaging applications utilizing the HDI fabrication process technology. Conventionally, capacitors are incorporated into the substrates of HDI modules as chips.
In another form of circuit module fabrication, as described by Cole et al., "Fabrication and Structures of Circuit Modules with Flexible Interconnect Layers," U.S. application Ser. No. 08/321,346, filed Oct. 11, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,527,741 a method for fabricating a circuit module includes using a flexible interconnect layer having a metallized base insulative layer and an outer insulative layer. At least one circuit chip having chip pads is attached to the base insulative layer and vias are formed in the outer and base insulative layers to expose selected portions of the base insulative layer metallization and the chip pads. A patterned outer metallization layer is applied over the outer insulative layer extending through selected ones of the vias to interconnect selected ones of the chip pads and selected portions of the base insulative layer metallization.


The present invention provides methods and systems for managing Risk by associating a biometric profile with other data relevant to a Risk subject. Computerized systems can receive informational data that relates generally to Risk variables and relate the information to known biometric profiles. Compiled information can be situated and conveyed to a compliance department and be able to demonstrate to regulators that a financial institution has met standards relating to Risk containment.

This invention relates generally to a method and system for facilitating the identification, investigation, assessment and management of legal, regulatory, financial and reputational risks ("Risks"). In particular, the present invention relates to a computerized system and method for banks and non-bank financial institutions to access biometric profiles compiled on a worldwide basis and relate such profiles to other information gathered and a risk subject, such as a transaction, wherein the information is conducive to quantifying and managing financial, legal, regulatory and reputational Risk associated with the transaction.
An increased awareness of fraud, money laundering and terrorism activities has prompted numerous security provisions to be implemented relating to transactions and in particular financial transactions. One area of security relating to an event, including a financial transaction, includes recording an image of a participant to the event. Such an event can include something as simple as gaining access to a building or executing a simple banking transaction.
Typically, a recorded image is utilized to memorialize an event or transaction or to perform a visual correlation between a proffered photo ID and a person offering the photo ID. These measures are good unto themselves, but offer little prophylactic protection. An individual's identity can be verified by digitally measuring selected features of the individual and comparing these features against the previously stored biological measurements can be utilized to ascertain an individuals identity.
Additional security measures can be linked to network access or general security and Risk management. Such security measures can include biometrics. One area of security relating to an event, including a financial transaction, includes recording an image or other biometrics of a participant to the event. Such an event can include something as simple as gaining access to a building or executing a simple banking transaction.
Typically, a recorded image is utilized to memorialize an event or transaction or to perform a visual correlation between a proffered photo ID and a person offering the photo ID. These measures are good unto themselves, but offer little prophylactic protection.
As money-laundering and related concerns have become increasingly important public policy concerns, regulators have attempted to address these issues by imposing increasing formal and informal obligations upon financial institutions. Government regulations authorize a broad regime of record-keeping and regulatory reporting obligations on covered financial institutions as a tool for the federal government to use to fight drug trafficking, money laundering, and other crimes. The regulations may require financial institutions to file currency and monetary instrument reports and to maintain certain records for possible use in tax, criminal and regulatory proceedings. Such a body of regulation is designed chiefly to assist law enforcement authorities in detecting when criminals are using banks and other financial institutions as intermediaries for, or to hide the transfer of funds derived from, criminal activity.
Obligations include those imposed by the Department of the Treasury and the federal banking regulators which adopted suspicious activity report ("SAR") regulations. SAR regulations require that financial institutions file SARs whenever an institution detects a known or suspected violation of federal law, or a suspicious transaction related to a money laundering activity or a violation of the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA).
Regulations can impose a variety of reporting obligations on financial institutions. Perhaps most broadly relevant for the present invention, regulations require an institution to report transactions aggregating to $5,000 that involve potential money laundering or violations if the institution, knows, suspects, or has reason to suspect that the transaction involves funds from illegal activities, is designed to disguise such funds, has no business or legitimate purpose, or is simply not the sort of transaction in which the particular customer would normally be expected to engage, and the institution knows of no reasonable explanation for the transaction after examining the available facts.
For example, banks must retain a copy of all SARs and all supporting documentation or equivalent business records for five (5) years from the date of the filing of the SAR. Federal banking regulators are responsible for determining financial institutions' compliance with the BSA and implementing regulations.
Federal regulators have made clear that the practical effect of these requirements is that financial institutions are subject to significant obligations to "know" their customer and to engage in adequate monitoring of transactions.
Risk associated with an account involved in international transactions can be greatly increased due to the difficulty in gathering and accessing pertinent data on a basis timely to managing Risk associated with the transaction. As part of due diligence associated with performing a Financial Transaction, it is imperative for a financial institution to "Know Their Customer" including whether a customer is contained on a list of restricted entities published by the Office of Foreign Access Control (OFAC), the Treasury Office or other government or industry organization. In addition, it is important to know that the person presenting themselves as a customer is in fact the customer and not an imposter.
System and methods previously disclosed offer assistance in ascertaining whether a name of a customer is associated with information that may be indicative of high Risk; however there is no method or system to tie such information to association with physical or biometric profiles.
What is needed is a method and system to address Risk containment prophylactically through the use of biometric data.


Volatile memory is placed into a data-preserving safe state in a computer system in response to any one of a reduction in power applied to the volatile memory, a bus reset signal on a data communication bus of the computer system, and an absence of a bus clock signal on the bus. The volatile memory is powered from an auxiliary uninterruptible power supply in response to the reduction in power. The volatile memory is also placed into the data-preserving safe state in response to a cessation in executing software instructions by a CPU of the computer system. Placing the volatile memory into the safe state in response to and under these conditions enhances the opportunity to preserve data in response to error and malfunction conditions.

The ever-increasing use of modern computer systems has created an increased demand to store and utilize large masses of data. Mass data storage is economically achieved by using an array of relatively inexpensive or independent disk drives. Such "RAID" (redundant array of independent disks) systems also offer considerable benefits in data reliability because of their well-known ability to reconstruct lost or corrupted data. The typical RAID mass storage system requires a computer to control the array of disk drives as well as to control the transfer of data when performing read and write operations on the disk drives.
To store data reliably, the data should be saved completely on the RAID disk drives before a write transaction is acknowledged. If the computer ceases functioning ("crashes") as a result of a software hang-up or a hardware failure, or as a result of a power loss or reduction, or if the bus which transfers the data ceases to function because of a bus malfunction, before the data is saved completely to the disk drive, the data is lost. In general, the redundancy and reliability of data storage on a RAID storage system are available only after the data has been completely stored on the disk drives. Thereafter, failures or malfunctions of the disk drives will usually allow the data to be reconstructed.
Disk drives require a relatively long amount of time ("high latency") to perform a read or write transaction, because mechanical components must be moved to perform the operation. Because of the relatively high latency, the speed and performance of the computer system will be adversely affected if the storage transactions are performed directly on the disk drives. The higher latency of the disk drives limits mass storage performance because considerable time is unused while waiting for the disk drives to perform the data transactions.
To avoid the latency problem of disk drives, it is typical to use an intermediate, high performance ("low latency") solid-state memory upon which to perform the read and write data transactions. The data is transferred rapidly to the low latency intermediate memory, and then, in a separate transaction which does not adversely affect the processing performance, data is transferred from the intermediate memory to the disk drives. In this manner, the normal processing performance of the computer system is not diminished by mass storage transactions. However, should a crash, a power loss or a bus malfunction occur while the data is present in the intermediate memory and before the data has been completely transferred to the disk drives, that data will be lost and reconstruction of the data becomes impossible.
Intermediate solid-state memories have been made nonvolatile to maintain data in the event of power loss. Usually battery backup power is supplied to achieve such nonvolatility. Although certain types of solid-state memories have inherent nonvolatile characteristics, the semiconductor materials used in those types of memories to obtain inherent nonvolatile characteristics require greater time to write the data. Consequently, inherently nonvolatile memories generally have a relatively high, and therefore unacceptable, latency when performing read and write transactions. It is for this reason and others that inherent nonvolatile solid-state memories are not usually considered acceptable as intermediate nonvolatile memories in a mass storage computer system. Instead, low latency dynamic random access memories (DRAMs) with a battery backup are typically used as nonvolatile intermediate memories in a mass storage system.
In addition to intermediate memories in RAID mass storage systems, volatile DRAM is also widely used for storage during computations performed by a central processing unit or processor. Very low latency, high-performance memory is particularly important in computational situations because of the very high speed of modern processors. If memory read and write transactions are not performed as quickly as the processor executes instructions, the computational power of the computer system is diminished.
The typical DRAM requires refresh signals to be applied to it periodically in order to maintain the data written to it. The refresh signals are typically generated by circuitry external to the DRAM. So long as adequate power is available the external circuitry will continue to refresh the DRAM and therefore maintain the data within it. However, should a power interruption or reduction occur, it is necessary to place the DRAM into a self-refresh state and apply the battery power to the DRAM. In the self-refresh state, the DRAM automatically generates its own refresh signals, and the power to do so comes from the battery. It is essential that the DRAM be placed into the self-refresh state and the battery power be applied to it in order to assure non volatility of the data.
A similar situation exists with respect to a hardware or software crash or malfunction. In these cases, the usual technique for recovering from such malfunction condition is to power cycle the computer system by manually powering-down or terminating the application of power and then reapplying the power. If the memory is not placed into the self-refresh state and the battery power applied to it, powering-down the computer system when executing a power cycle will result in the loss of data within the volatile memory.
A hardware or software crash or malfunction can occur in a computer system from a variety of different causes. Some of the more common malfunction conditions are the unintentional loss of the main power to the computer system. Unintentional main power loss may occur while the computer systems operating normally and the applied AC mains power is interrupted or diminished because of a power distribution problem, a tripped circuit breaker, or a power cord is unintentionally disconnected, for example. Another malfunction condition may be caused by a sag in an internal voltage level within the computer system itself, such as the voltage which powers the logic circuits of a computer. A sag in the internal voltage may occur as a result of an AC power interruption or a malfunction of an internal power supply within the computer. Failing to adequately power the internal circuits within a computer can also result in a malfunction leading to a data loss. The loss of a bus clock signal on an internal peripheral expansion bus of the computer system is another malfunction condition. At the beginning of a normal power-down sequence, the typical computer system will maintain a bus clock signal on its peripheral expansion bus for sufficient amount of time to allow the components connected to the expansion bus to complete operations. However in some circumstances, the bus clock signal may cease before the memories are placed into the safe state. Powering-down or resetting the computer system is typically signaled by the assertion of a bus reset signal on the peripheral expansion bus. In response to the bus reset signal, the memory should place itself into the safe state. A hang up in the execution of the instructions by the processor of the computer system is also a malfunction condition. The typical way to avoid a software hang up is to reset or power-cycle the computer system, although some processors include watchdog circuits which will signal the event of a software hang up and attempt to clear the hang up condition before resetting the entire system. Lastly, some test and engineering equipment that may be connected to the computer system for diagnostic reasons may cause resetting at any time without warning. Malfunction conditions can result from other causes as well, but the vast majority of the malfunction conditions are characterized by or result from those situations described above.

Method and apparatus to establish safe state in a volatile computer memory under multiple hardware and software malfunction conditions


A printing arrangement and printing method are disclosed for two-sided printing on a recording medium, in which intermediate fixing by superheated steam takes place after printing on the first side of the recording medium. Owing to the intermediate fixing, damage to the print image of the first side during subsequent printing on the second side is avoided without the recording medium being impaired by the intermediate fixing.

Exemplary digital printers are known for example from DE 10 2010 015 985 A1, DE 10 2008 048 256 A1 or DE 10 2009 060 334 A1.
Two-sided printing, as for example in the case of two-sided duplex printing, in a printing system with subsequent combined fixing of the printed image on a first side and a second side opposite the first side, that is to say the front and back, of a recording medium is associated with significant problems when the front, which is printed first, is fed, after printing, directly to one or more printing units for printing on the back.
The greatest technical problem in this connection is that of finally feeding the print image, which is located on the front and which has not yet been fixed, to fixing without damaging the print image and with simultaneous printing on the back.
The unfixed print image on the recording medium, for example a printing substrate web, can be remobilised at any time under the effect of an electric field, as used for example in a printing unit of a duplex printing apparatus. In duplex printing, the printed image, for example a toner image, can on one hand be drawn onto the back of the recording medium by the electric field present between transfer roller and pressure roller (back roller). On the other hand, the already transferred print image of the front can be removed from the recording medium. In addition to damage to the print image, this also results in soiling of the pressure roller.
In general there is the option of intermediate fixing (thermally, by means of pressure, by means of solvent, infrared light, flashlight, etc.), but this is associated with other drawbacks. Furthermore, it is usually not economical to use two fixing stations. In the case of thermal fixing, the recording medium which is dehumidified after fixing causes problems in terms of printability. A high energy input is also necessary in this connection.
It should also be noted that thermal fixing stations are also relatively large, since the heat of the air and the energy input per unit area are low. When using mineral-oil-based ink systems, explosion prevention and observance of the applicable limit values for the exhaust air must also be observed.
Furthermore, the recording medium may shrink, for example in the case of paper and cardboard. In principle, this results in a relatively great deviation of the print image dimensions between front and back. The print image of the front is printed narrower owing to transverse shrinkage by 0.5 to 1% of the dimension transverse to the paper fibre and the back print is printed in the original width. Thus, without additional technical complexity, a congruent print from front to back is not possible, and this specifically is a requirement in letterpress printing. Remoistening and increasing the efficiency in the transfer can be solved only with great technical complexity. In addition, print fixing can lead to a change in the gloss.
DE 197 55 584 A1 for example thus describes melting the toner for fixing the intermediate image by means of a gas having a temperature between 150° C. and 400° C., and this can lead to the problems indicated above. Also, relatively large quantities of steam in the range of 160 I/sec are used for the method described therein.
Similar methods are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,140,377 A, DE 2003 992 A1 and DE 103 01 587 A1.
DE 20 2004 020 953 U1 also deals with fixing a toner on a recording medium, and also explicitly addresses the problem of shrinkage of the recording medium. Since this problem is considered unavoidable in the solution described therein, a correction apparatus is proposed in order for the shrinkage not to have a negative effect on the ratio of the printing on the front and back of the recording medium.
An alternative fixing method is also known from DE 10 2004 009 987, in which the fixing takes place by means of a polymer film. However, this requires an additional application of material and also greater complexity in terms of machinery.

Printing arrangement for two-sided printing on a recording medium and printing method


An apparatus and method for connecting a plurality of LAN workstations to the internet via an on-line server/interface that does not require a PC operating system dedicated to the server. The server operates in TCP/IP protocol for communication over the Internet. Only a single connection to the Internet is required in order to permit the entire LAN to operate simultaneously on the Internet. Specifically, only a single phone line is required to simultaneously serve all LAN workstations. The system is equally well suited to connect via a telephone line connection to an Internet providers's slip or PPP or via an Ethernet connection to a router or direct connection by any available means. The system does not disturb the native LAN protocol, while communicating via the internet protocol such as, by way of example, TCP/IP. The LAN is provided with a complete internet protocol service, supporting functions not generally available in the dedicated stacks previously provided for individual PCs.

1. Field of the Invention
The subject invention is directed to an on-line interconnect system for connecting a terminal with an internet and is specifically directed to the method and apparatus for enabling PC workstations on a local area network (LAN) to access the TCP/IP protocol internet without alteration of the PC hardware configuration and without the need for communication with a LAN server provider having a TCP/IP protocol stack.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
An internet is a collection of disparate physical computer networks which are interconnected to function as a coordinated unit. The Internet is the interconnected network which includes the Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as well as most other research institutions, colleges and universities, and recently, most large companies. The Internet operates entirely under the protocol TCP/IP. Computers which communicate over the Internet must either use TCP/IP protocols or a TCP/IP protocol service provider.
Over the years local area networks or LANs have evolved and developed with protocols which are much simpler and more efficient than TCP/IP. The protocols do not require individual address management, or accessory functionality such as name servers to maintain the order of the membership. They were specifically designed to utilize a minimum memory capacity. While such systems are very useful for the intended purpose of linking a plurality of workstations to a central processor and to each other, they did not anticipate or plan for the need or desirability to permit each individual workstation to independently communicate via the Internet.
Several prior art systems have been developed with the objective of permitting LAN workstations to communicate with the Internet utilizing the required TCP/IP protocol. Initially, a second protocol, TCP/IP was added to each PC's native LAN protocol or the LAN was converted to exclusive use of the TCP/IP protocol. IBM, Microsoft and Novell are examples of companies providing a second or conversion protocol. The difficulty with these solutions were the installation and management of TCP/IP stacks in the LAN PCs, more memory utilization for the protocol and a slowdown of normal LAN operation due to the inherent inefficiencies of TCP/Ip protocol when used as a LAN protocol.
These problems were reduced by introduction of a shared TCP/IP into an existing server, which eliminated the TCP/IP from the LAN workstations and permitted the LAN to operate in its native protocol. These solutions relied upon existing PC operating systems for the server, the TCP/IP for these systems housing the server and the LAN interface used by the server. Many such systems relied upon a special code or on start-up facilities to be installed in each LAN PC. Examples of such systems include Firefox and Internetware (for Novell NetWare servers), Ipswitch (OS/2) and Fel (Windows). All require a PC operating system to house the server and to provide access to the native LAN protocols. While such systems did eliminate the need to convert the LAN protocol and reduced the use of memory and the alteration of the LAN client PCs, each proved costly to install and maintain.
There have also been a number of recently issued patents which disclose systems for interconnection of various terminals across different networks by mapping or providing different protocol schemes, where the computers have different protocols or different communications architecture. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,353,283, issued to P. F. Tsuchiya, et al, on Oct. 4, 1994, discloses a method for use in a large communication internet with several interconnected networks having one or more interconnected nodes. Specifically, an algorithm is provided for writing a sequence of one or more identifiers suitable for use in indexing a forwarding table at each node in a special routing section of each packet to be transmitted via the internet, to provide a routing method adapted to achieve different routing criteria and styles to accommodate varying structures and architecture.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,355,365, issued to D. Bhat, et al, on Oct. 11, 1994, provides for a share modem resource to PCs connected through a LAN and to off network PCs.
Various other methods and apparatus have been developed to provide access to various internets from individual workstations of a LAN. However, to date, all of the systems available require at least a partial combination of expensive hardware additions to either the LAN in the form of a PC server or to each workstation of the LAN; substantial memory utilization; use of a protocol service provider and/or limited simultaneous access to the internet via the shared system, for example, one user at a time on a shared modem.
It is, therefore, desirable to provide an internet access system wherein each LAN workstation can simultaneously directly communicate with the internet without requiring substantial hardware modification or DOS memory utilization in existing LAN workstations or servers.

Method and apparatus for communicating between a network workstation and an internet


An optical image capturing system includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element and a sixth lens element. The first lens element with positive refractive power has a convex object-side surface. The second lens element and the third lens element have refractive power. The fourth lens element with negative refractive power has a concave object-side surface and a convex image-side surface. The fifth lens element with positive refractive power has a convex object-side surface, wherein at least one inflection point is on at least one surface thereof. The sixth lens element with negative refractive power has a concave object-side surface. The surfaces of the fifth and the sixth lens elements are aspheric. The optical image capturing system has a total of six lens elements with refractive power.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to an optical image capturing system. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a compact optical image capturing system applicable to electronic products.
2. Description of Related Art
In recent years, with the popularity of mobile products having camera functionalities, the demand of miniaturized photographing systems has been increasing. The sensor of a conventional photographing system is typically a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) or a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) sensor. As the advanced semiconductor manufacturing technologies have allowed the pixel size of sensors to be reduced and compact photographing systems have gradually evolved toward the field of higher megapixels, there is an increasing demand for compact photographing systems featuring better image quality.
A conventional photographing system employed in a portable electronic product mainly adopts a four-element lens structure or a five-element lens structure such as the ones disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 7,809,142 and the U.S. Pat. No. 8,000,031. Due to the popularity of mobile products with high-end specifications, such as smart phones and PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), the requirements for high resolution and image quality of present compact photographing systems increase significantly. However, the conventional photographing system cannot satisfy these requirements of the compact photographing systems.
Other conventional compact photographing systems with six-element lens structure such as the one disclosed in the U.S. Publication No. 2012/0314304 A1 enhance image quality and resolution. However, the shape of the object-side surface of the fifth lens element cannot effectively control the angle at which the incident light projects onto an image sensor from every field. Therefore, this photographing system tends to produce more spherical aberration, coma aberration and astigmatism which will influence image quality.


A system and method for reconfiguring a TCP window in a switch of a network system, where the size of the window is determined based on the operating speed of a work station to which data packets in the window are being sent and the size of the switch buffer. The algorithm includes establishing a connection between a server and the station, where the connection includes TCP data packets. The algorithm identifies a TCP window size requested by the station, and identifies the connection speed of the station in the switch. The algorithm then modifies the TCP window size of the connection if the identified TCP window size does not support the connection speed and the size of the buffer. The algorithm also changes the TCP check-sum based on the new TCP window size.

Networks typically employ one or more servers that store files and other information accessible by several work stations that are part of the network through a switch. When the server sends a particular file to a station, the TCP separates the file into data packets and transmits the data packets in groups referred to as TCP windows. The size of the TCP window determines how much data can be in flight between the server and a station at any given time. By defining TCP windows to include a plurality of data packets, the throughput can be increased because the station does not transmit an acknowledgment back to the server that it received the data packets until it has received all of the data packets in the TCP window, as opposed to sending an acknowledgment back each time it receives a data packet.
The size of the data packets will typically be about 1500 bytes. Certain known systems employ a 64 k byte TCP window size. Therefore, known TCP windows typically include about 42 data packets. Each data packet in a TCP window has a header that may include a 16-bit field that identifies how big the TCP window can be.
Typically, the server will be operating at a much faster speed than the stations. For example, the server may operate at 1 giga-bit/per second and the stations may operate at 100 mega-bits/per second. The server will send each TCP window at its faster speed that is received by the switch. The switch will then send the TCP windows to the appropriate station at the slower station speed. Because the switch is receiving the data packets from the server much faster than it is transmitting the data packets to the work station, the data packets are stored in a buffer in the switch until they can be transmitted to the station.
Because of the speed mismatch between the server and the stations, it is possible that data packets will be dropped as a result of the buffer being too small. Particularly, if the buffer is smaller than the TCP window size, a dropped packet may occur. The speed difference between the server and the stations and the interaction between the TCP and the SMB protocols combined with the size of the buffer influences the number of dropped packets that may affect system performance. If a dropped packet happens to be at the end of an upper layer protocol boundary, significant upper level protocol dependent time-out delays can occur resulting in poor throughput performance.
If a data packet does happen to be dropped, the TCP recognizes this because the station will not send an acknowledgment message back to the server acknowledging that it received all of the packets in the TCP window that were transmitted. When the server identifies a dropped packet, it will then resend the file starting with the dropped data packet.
One possible solution to the dropped packet problem referred to above is to provide more memory in the buffer, so that all of the data packets received by the switch from the server have a place to be stored before they are transmitted to the station. However, this solution has significant drawbacks because of the cost of providing so much memory to eliminate the problem. For example, it is desirable that the buffer memory be provided on the same application specific integrated circuit chip (ASIC) within the switch that includes the processor. If more memory is required beyond what can fit on the ASIC, and the ASIC has to connect to other chips having the additional memory, then the cost of the switch goes up considerably.
Another solution to the problem referred to above is to reconfigure the operating system, such as Windows™, to reduce the size of the TCP windows that it receives. This solution requires significant software knowledge, and is not trivial to perform, and therefore, it is generally not a viable solution.

In flight TCP window adjustment to improve network performance

HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT LP


A method, a system, and an oxygen delivery boomlet are configured to provide an additional partial pressure of oxygen to an aviator. The boomlet includes a conduit configured to receive an oxygen flow from a positive pressure oxygen source. A nozzle is in communicative connection with the conduit such that the oxygen flow the conduit receives is conducted to the nozzle. The nozzle is configured to direct the conducted flow of oxygen to an interpalatine region of the aviator. The boomlet is configured for attachment to a microphone boom.

On Oct. 25, 1999, about 1213 central daylight time (CDT), a Learjet Model 35, N47BA, operated by Sunjet Aviation, Inc., of Sanford, Fla., crashed near Aberdeen, S. Dak. The airplane departed Orlando, Fla., for Dallas, Tex., about 0920 eastern daylight time (EDT). Radio contact with the flight was lost north of Gainesville, Fla., after air traffic control cleared the airplane to flight level 390. Several U.S. Air Force and Air National Guard aircraft intercepted the airplane as it proceeded northwest-bound.
The military pilots in a position to observe the accident airplane at close range stated (in interviews or via radio transmissions) that the forward windshields of the Learjet seemed to be frosted or covered with condensation. The military pilots could not see into the cabin. They did not observe any structural anomaly or other unusual condition. The military pilots observed the airplane depart controlled flight and spiral to the ground, impacting an open field. All occupants on board the airplane, the captain, first officer, and four passengers, were killed, and the airplane was destroyed. The National Transportation Safety Board determined the probable cause of this accident was incapacitation of the flight crewmembers because of their failure to receive supplemental oxygen following a loss of cabin pressurization, for undetermined reasons.
The airplane included an oxygen system that provided emergency oxygen for the flight crew and passengers comprising of a single oxygen bottle, an oxygen bottle pressure regulator with a shutoff valve, an oxygen pressure gauge, an overboard discharge relief valve and indicator, flight crew mask quick disconnect valves, flight crew masks, a manual passenger shutoff valve, an oxygen aneroid valve, an oxygen aneroid bypass shutoff valve, passenger oxygen actuator lanyard valves, and passenger masks. Oxygen was available to the flight crew at all times during the flight when the oxygen bottle pressure regulator shutoff valve is open, as it was at the time of impact.
If the pilots had received supplemental oxygen from the airplane's emergency oxygen system, they likely would have properly responded to the depressurization by descending the airplane to a safe altitude. Therefore, it appears that the partial pressure of oxygen in the cabin after the depressurization was insufficient for the flight crew to maintain consciousness and that the flight crewmembers did not receive any, or adequate, supplemental oxygen.
What is needed then, is a system, method, and apparatus for supplying a locally oxygen-rich environment during depressurization allowing flight crewmembers sufficient time to respond and to take corrective measures including the donning of an oxygen mask.

Nevada Aviation Safety Consultants, Inc.


The present invention discloses a refrigerator which can perform direct cooling of circulating cool air by natural convection in a freezing chamber (F) and a refrigerating chamber (R), and which can selectively perform indirect cooling of circulating cool air by forcible convection in the refrigerating chamber. It is like that, frost or condensed water formed in the refrigerating chamber (R) of the direct cooling type refrigerator does not Influence the inside of the refrigerating chamber. In addition, the refrigerator efficiently performs a defrosting operation of the refrigerating chamber (R), sanitarily performs a cooling operation, and maintains uniform cooling performance.

In general, a refrigerator prevents deterioration and reduction of freshness of foods, by generating cool air by exchanging heat with cold refrigerants passing through a refrigeration cycle, and freezing or maintaining the foods at a low temperature by circulating the cool air in a freezing chamber and a refrigerating chamber. Therefore, the refrigerator stores various kinds of foods for an extended period of time.
Normally, the refrigerators are classified into direct cooling type refrigerators and indirect cooling type refrigerators. In the direct cooling type refrigerator, evaporators are installed on inner walls of a freezing chamber and a refrigerating chamber, and cool air generated around the evaporators is naturally convected to cool the freezing chamber and the refrigerating chamber. Conversely, in the indirect cooling type refrigerator, an evaporator is installed on an inner wall of a freezing chamber, a fan is installed on a cool air circulation passage, and cool air generated around the evaporator is forcibly blown by the fan to cool the freezing chamber and the refrigerating chamber.
FIG. 1 is a side-sectional view illustrating a conventional direct cooling type refrigerator.
Referring to FIG. 1, in the conventional direct cooling type refrigerator, a freezing chamber F and a refrigerating chamber R are formed in upper and lower portions of a refrigerator main body 2 having an outer casing 2a and inner casings 2b and 2c, and the front surface of the refrigerator main body 2 is opened. A freezing chamber door 4a and a refrigerating chamber door 4b are hinge-coupled to the front surface of the refrigerator main body 2 to be opened or closed. A refrigeration cycle including evaporators 10a and 10b are built in the inner walls of the inner casings 2b and 2c of the refrigerator main body 2.
The refrigeration cycle includes a compressor 6, a condenser 8, a capillary tube (not shown), and evaporators 10a and 10b, so that circulated refrigerants can be compressed, condensed, expanded and evaporated.
Here, the large parts of the evaporators 10a and 10b are closely adhered to the inner wall of the inner casing 2b of the freezing chamber F, and the other parts thereof are built in the inner wall of the inner casing 2c of the refrigerating chamber R with a predetermined gap. Temperature sensors (not shown) are built in the evaporators 10a and 10b. In a state where the evaporators 10a and 10b are built in between the outer casing 2a and the inner casings 2b and 2c, an insulation material 12 is foamed.
The conventional refrigerator includes a control unit (not shown). The control unit externally receives a set freezing temperature Tf0 and a set refrigerating temperature Tr0, receives temperature information of the evaporators 10a and 10b from the temperature sensors to form a judgment, and controls the operation of the compressor 6 according to the judgment.
On the other hand, a drain tube 14 for externally guiding condensed water formed on the inner casings 2b and 2c of the refrigerating chamber R is installed at the lower portion of the refrigerating chamber R, and a drain fan 16 for collecting the condensed water flowing through the drain tube 14 is built in the lower portion of the refrigerating chamber R.
The operation of the conventional refrigerator will now be explained. The operation of the compressor 6 is controlled according to the set freezing temperature Tf0 and the set refrigerating temperature Tr0 inputted from the control unit. As the compressor 6 is operated, the refrigerants are compressed, condensed, expanded and evaporated by the compressor 6, the condenser 8, the capillary tube and the evaporators 10a and 10b. Low temperature low pressure liquid refrigerants passing through the evaporators 10a and 10b exchange heat with air in the freezing chamber F and the refrigerating chamber R, to generate cool air. The cool air is naturally convected in the freezing chamber F and the refrigerating chamber R to maintain a low temperature.
While the refrigerating chamber R maintains a relatively higher inside temperature than the freezing chamber F, since the evaporator 10b is built in the inner wall of the inner casing 2c of the refrigerating chamber R, frost is generated on the surface of the inner casing 2c of the refrigerating chamber R.
When a defrosting operation for stopping the compressor 6 to remove the frost is performed, the frost is molten, runs down the surface of the inner casing 2c of the refrigerating chamber R, and is discharged to the drain fan 16 through the drain tube 14.
The conventional direct cooling type refrigerator reduces heat exchange efficiency due to the frost formed at the refrigerating chamber R. In addition, the frost formed at the refrigerating chamber R is molten to increase humidity, and the condensed water insanitarily contacts foods inside the refrigerator.
The cool air is only naturally convected in the freezing chamber F and the refrigerating chamber R of the conventional direct cooling type refrigerator. As a result, a large capacity refrigerator cannot be manufactured.


In a method and an apparatus for affecting the cornering performance of a motor vehicle, a transverse acceleration of the motor vehicle is determined, a desired transverse tilt of the motor vehicle defined based on the determined transverse acceleration, at least one actuator of an active suspension system of the motor vehicle is adjusted so that the motor vehicle assumes the desired transverse tilt, and an additional actuator intervening in the steering system of the motor vehicle. A yaw movement of the motor vehicle caused by the adjustment of the at least one actuator of the active suspension system is at least partially compensated by the additional actuator.

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for affecting the cornering performance off a motor vehicle. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle with such an apparatus.
The following discussion of related art is provided to assist the reader in understanding the advantages of the invention, and is not to be construed as an admission that this related art is prior art to this invention.
Motor vehicles with active suspension system and/or stabilizers are known as Active Body Control (ABC), wherein their controllable suspension characteristics enable a specific compensation of pitch and roll movements. Typically, the vertical position of each wheel can be electro-hydraulically adjusted. In this way, the driving characteristics of a motor vehicle can be improved, in particular when driving along turns, for example in that the motor vehicle actively leans into the turn.
Disadvantageously, roll movements when negotiating turns typically cause feedback for the cornering performance of the motor vehicle. In particular, with active rolling, the axles of the motor vehicle are operated at an unfavorable operating point, causing the motor vehicle to steer into the turn when cornering, which must typically be compensated by a manual steering movement from the vehicle operator.
It would therefore be desirable and advantageous to obviate prior art shortcomings and to provide an improved method and an apparatus, which can improve the driving comfort for the occupants of the motor vehicle and which leads to a more natural steering characteristic of the motor vehicle in turns.

Method and apparatus for affecting cornering performance of a motor vehicle, and a motor vehicle


A software controlled mechanism causing a test equipment to place the edges of test signals accurately. The mechanism determines expected time of occurrence of an edge of a signal in relation to a tester cycle time. The mechanism sends commands to the test equipment to receive back the signal (of interest) in multiple cycles and provides the time points corresponding to the edge in the multiple cycles. The software controlled mechanism computes an error based on the time points and the expected time, and adjusts the timing of the edges of the signal according to the error. Such computation and adjustment are performed until the error is within an acceptable range.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to testing of integrated circuits, and more specifically to a method and apparatus to improve edge placement accuracy of signals generated by test equipment.
2. Related Art
Test equipment is often used to test integrated circuits/devices after fabrication. In a typical scenario, a test equipment generates various signals required for testing an integrated circuit (IC), and examines the generated output to determine whether a tested IC/device ("device under test", DUT) operates in a desired manner or not.
Page of One general requirement with test equipment is that the signals be generated with appropriate timing. That is, the edges of the signals (which generally drive the transitions from one state to another) need to occur with a desired gap/duration, and with a desired relative positions with respect to other signals. For example, when a clock signal is used to sample data, the transitions of the data and clock signals need to satisfy the setup and hold time considerations, well known in the relevant arts.
However, the signals used for testing may not be generated accurately due to reasons such as the inherent nature of hardware components of test equipment. The degree of deviation may not be the same for all the generated signals. Accordingly, many commercially available test equipment specify the degree of deviation from accurate delays with which the test signals may be generated. For example, Catalyst test equipment (CAT50 and CAT400 products with a DRATE between 50–400 MHz) commercially available from Teradyne, Inc., (321 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Mass. 02118—2238 USA, Phone Number: +1/617 482—2700) specifies that the deviation can be between +/−282 ps (pico-seconds) to +/−700 ps.
One problem with such different degree of deviations is that timing requirements of the signals to test ICs may not be met. For example, to test integrated circuits operating at a frequency of 840 MHz, equals a time period of about 1190 ps. Achieving both setup and hold times within the 1190 ps with such high degree of deviation within +/—50 ps (pico_seconds) may present challenges.
What is needed at least for such reasons is a method and apparatus to improve edge placement accuracy of signals generated by test equipments.
In the drawings, like reference numbers generally indicate identical, functionally similar, and/or structurally similar elements. The drawing in which an element first appears is indicated by the leftmost digit(s) in the corresponding reference number.

Edge placement accuracy of signals generated by test equipment


A testing device for analyzing the glucose concentration of a sample of blood is adapted to remove a test sensor from a sensor package. The testing device comprises an inlet region and a puncturing member The inlet region receives a portion of the sensor package extending inward from an outer periphery of the test sensor package. The puncturing member is adapted to extend into the inlet region, puncture the sensor package, and to engage a mating feature of the test sensor. The puncturing member is adapted to hold the test sensor in the inlet region in a manner allowing the package to be removed and is adapted to hold the test sensor in the inlet region during testing a blood sample.

It is often necessary to quickly obtain a sample of blood and perform an analysis of the blood sample. One example of a need for obtaining a sample of blood is in connection with a blood glucose monitoring system, which a user must frequently use to monitor the user's blood glucose level.
Those who have irregular blood glucose concentration levels are medically required to regularly self-monitor their blood glucose concentration level. An irregular blood glucose level can be brought on by a variety of reasons including illness such as diabetes. The purpose of monitoring the blood glucose concentration level is to determine the blood glucose concentration level and then to take corrective action, based upon whether the level is too high or too low, to bring the level back within a normal range. The failure to take corrective action can have serious implications. When blood glucose levels drop too low—a condition known as hypoglycemia—a person can become nervous, shaky, and confused. That person's judgment may become impaired and that person may eventually pass out. A person can also become very ill if their blood glucose level becomes too high—a condition known as hyperglycemia. Both conditions, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, are potentially life-threatening emergencies.
One method of monitoring a person's blood glucose level is with a portable, hand-held blood glucose testing device. The portable nature of these devices enables the users to conveniently test their blood glucose levels wherever the user may be. The glucose testing device includes a test sensor to harvest the blood for analysis. One type of test sensor is the electrochemical biosensors. The electrochemical biosensor includes a regent designed to react with glucose in the blood to create an oxidation current at electrodes disposed within the electrochemical biosensor which is directly promotional to the users blood glucose concentration. Such a test sensor is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,120,420; 5,660,791; 5,759,364; and 5,798,031, each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety. Another type of sensor is an optical biosensor, which incorporates a reagent designed to produce a colorimetric reaction indicative of a users blood glucose concentration level. The colorimetric reaction is then read by a spectrometer incorporated into the testing device. Such an optical biosensor is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,393, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
In order to check the blood glucose level, a drop of blood is obtained from the fingertip using a lancing device, and the blood is harvested using the test sensor. The test sensor, which is inserted into a testing unit, is brought into contact with the blood drop. The test sensor draws the blood, via capillary action, to the inside of the test unit which then determines the concentration of glucose in the blood. Once the results of the test are displayed on a display of the test unit, the test sensor is discarded. Each new test requires a new test sensor.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, an example of a testing device 10 and a package 30 of test sensors 12 ("sensor pack") are shown, respectively. The sensor pack 30 is designed to be housed within the testing device 10. Prior to each test, a collection end 14 of an individual test sensor 12 is pushed by a mechanism within the testing device 10 through its packaging and is extended from the test device 10 through a slot 16 for harvesting a sample of blood. The testing device includes a slider 18 for advancing the test tensor 12. In FIG. 1, a test sensor 12 is shown extending from the testing device 10. The collection end 14 extends from the testing device 10, while a contact end, that is the opposite end of the test sensor 12, remains inside the testing device 10. The contact end includes terminals that electrically couple the electrodes to a meter disposed within the testing device 10 for measuring the oxidation current produced at the electrodes by the reaction of glucose and the reagent. The test unit includes a display 20.
Referring now to FIG. 2, test sensors 12 are shown disposed in the sensor pack 30. The sensor pack 30 is made up of a circular disk 32 having ten individual compartments (blisters) 34 arranged radially. The disk is made from an aluminum foil/plastic laminate which is sealed to isolate the sensor from ambient humidity and from other sensors with a burst foil cover 36. Each test sensor 12 kept dry by a desiccant located inside a desiccant compartment 37 disposed adjacent the blisters 34. To retrieve a sensor, a mechanism disposed within the testing device 10, such as a knife, is driven down through the burst foil into an individual elongated compartment 34 at the end closest to the hub of the disk 32 and then moved radially toward the perimeter of the blister 34 In doing so, the knife engages the contact end 38 (fish tail) of the sensor in that compartment Radial travel of the knife pushes the tip of the sensor out through the burst foil and through parts of the testing device 10 such that the collection end of the sensor 12 is completely out of the testing device 10 and ready to receive a fluid test sample such as blood. For this stage, it is essential that the bond between the base and lid of the sensor withstand the sheer forces generated when the sensor bursts out through the foil. This method of providing a sensor ready for use is more fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,575,403, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Further details of the operational and mechanical aspects of the testing device 10 and sensor pack 30 are more fully described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,575,403; 5,630,986; 5,738,244; 5,810,199; 5,854,074; and 5,856,195, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
A drawback associated with testing devices which house a package of sensors is that the size of the package (i.e., the number of sensors in the package) is constrained by the device itself, thus making it difficult to modify the number of sensors per package. Accordingly, there exists a need for a testing system wherein the test sensor package size is independent of the testing device.
A drawback associated with the test sensor 12 of the device illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is the somewhat pointed collection end (FIG. 2) of the 14 of the test sensor 12. The pointed end can be inconvenient and uncomfortable in collecting blood. The collection end 12 is pointed to puncture the foil cover 36 as the test sensor 12 is pushed from its individual compartment 34. A test sensor which has a substantially flat, non-pointed, collection end would more conveniently and comfortably collect a sample of blood.