A surgical handpiece having a motor for actuating a cutting accessory. The handpiece has a bore for receiving the cutting accessory. A suction conduit extends through the handpiece from the bore. An irrigation conduit extends through the handpiece to the bore. The irrigation conduit opens into the bore at point where irrigating fluid can be introduced into the cutting accessory. When the cutting accessory is fitted in the bore, a suction is drawn from the handpiece through the suction bore. At the same time, irrigating fluid is introduced into the cutting accessory through the irrigation conduit.

The powered handpiece has evolved into an important tool for performing surgical procedures. A typical powered handpiece includes a housing that contains an electrically driven motor. A coupling assembly is attached to one end of the handpiece. The coupling assembly is used to releasably secure a cutting accessory to the motor so that the motor, when energized, actuates the cutting attachment. The development of powered surgical handpieces and their complementary cutting accessories has made it possible to cut, shape and remove both hard and soft body tissue at faster rates and with a higher degree of accuracy than was possible with the manually powered tools that preceded them.
When a cutting attachment is actuated, the cutting action causes loose tissue and other debris to develop at the surgical site. This material is removed by applying an irrigation fluid to the site and also drawing a suction from the site. The irrigation fluid serves as a transport media for carrying the debris; the suction draws away the fluid and the entrained debris. In order to perform this irrigation and suction, some cutting attachments are provided with conduits through which fluid is applied to and drawn from the surgical site. For example, cutting attachments designed to perform endoscopic surgery or sinus surgery often include a static outer sleeve in which a rotating tube is fitted. The head of the rotating tube is provided with some type of cutting surface or cutting member. Each of these attachments is further shaped so that irrigation fluid can flow to the surgical site through the annular channel between the rotating tube and the static sleeve. The inner rotating tube is further provided with an opening adjacent the head through which a suction is drawn from the surgical site. Thus, the inner tube serves as the conduit through which the irrigation fluid and debris are removed from the surgical site.
A powered handpiece intended for use with the above cutting attachments is designed with complementary features that facilitate the drawing of the suction away from the surgical site. Specifically, this type of handpiece is provided with a suction bore to which a suction pump is applied. The coupling assembly allows fluid flow from the inside of the rotating tube to the suction bore. Moreover, the handpiece is provided with a valve for regulating fluid flow through the suction valve. Thus, a surgeon using this type of handpiece can, with one hand, both manipulate the cutting accessory and regulate the rate at which fluid is drawn from the surgical site.
While current handpieces have provided useful for both driving cutting attachments and drawing a suction, there are some disadvantages associated with their use. In particular, current handpieces and their complementary cutting attachments are designed so that irrigation fluid is introduced into the annular channel through a supply line that is separate from the handpiece. While this supply line may be attached to a handpiece, it has a free end that is typically located forward of the handpiece coupling assembly. The free end of this line has to be manually fitted to an inlet luer integral with the static sleeve. When, during a surgical procedure, the doctor wants to switch cutting attachments, this line must first be removed from the cutting attachment being separated from the handpiece. Then, after the new cutting attachment is installed, the supply line must be manually fitted to the new attachment. The time it takes to perform these steps adds to the overall time it takes to perform the surgical procedure.
Moreover, in these surgical handpieces, the motor is in close physical proximity to the path through which the suction fluid flows through the handpiece. Accordingly, these handpieces must be constructed to include sufficient seals that prevent liquid flow into the components forming the motor. However, over time, and owing to the presence of the moving parts against which these seals press, these seals can wear out. Consequently, it is not uncommon for fluid to enter the motor and cause the components forming the motor to corrode and/or malfunction. Once the integrity of these seals diminishes, this corrosion and motor component wear can occur at a relatively fast rate because the fluid drawn through the handpiece suction is saline.
Also, occasionally, debris can clog the cutting accessory rotating tube through which the suction is drawn from the surgical site. This clogging is especially prone to occur in cutting accessories designed for performing sinus surgery. This is because the diameter of the bore through which this suction flow travels is relatively narrow. Presently, there are two ways a surgeon can try to remove this type of clog in order to reestablish suction at the surgical site. One method involves introducing a large quantity of irrigation fluid into the surgical site. The surgeon takes this action by momentarily running the irrigation pump used to supply fluid at a high speed/high flow flush setting. The introduction of this large quantity of water causes a large fluid pressure head to develop in the rotating tube upstream of the clog. If the conditions are right, the pressure head of this fluid forces the clog-causing debris to flow downstream out of the rotating tube. One problem with this clog removal technique is that the switches for regulating the irrigation pump are typically located off the handpiece. In order for the surgeon to be able to control the pump, he/she must actuate a separate foot or hand switch or instruct an assistant to perform this operation. In each of these situations, the surgeon may have to significantly divert his/her attention from the actual surgical procedure being performed. Still another problem with this method of clog removal is that, often, it simply does not work. Then, the surgeon is left with a situation in which excess fluid has been introduced into the patient.
The second method of clog removal is more mechanical. This method involves running a rigid wire down the rotating tube in order to force the clog out of the tube. When a surgeon has to take this action, he/she must first withdraw the cutting attachment from the surgical site. Then, once the clog is removed, the cutting attachment must be repositioned so that the surgical procedure can be completed. The need to perform these tasks adds to the overall time it takes to perform the surgical procedure.

Motorized powered surgical handpiece for actuating a cutting accessory, the handpiece having a bore for receiving the cutting accessory and irrigation and suction conduits that extend to the bore


A switching circuit includes at least two first semiconductor switches, each having a first input portion and a second input portion; range resistors that are provided between output portions of the first semiconductor switches and a device under test and that have different resistances from each other; a second semiconductor switch having an input portion connected to the output portions of the first semiconductor switches; and a differential amplifier having an input portion connected to the output portion of the second semiconductor switch and an input portion connected to ends of the range resistors, the ends being adjacent to the device under test. In accordance with a control signal, a desired one of the first semiconductor switches is connected to the first input portion and the second switch is connected to the output portion of the desired first semiconductor switch.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a current measurement circuit used for evaluating/testing characteristics of, for example, an IC (integrated circuit) tester and also to an apparatus including the current measurement circuit.
2. Description of the Related Art
Examples of known circuits for switching current ranges using relay switches include a circuit disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 5-119110 (Document 1). The circuit switches a current range resistor 15 using a semiconductor switch, such as a CMOS 32 illustrated in FIG. 1 in this document. Such a semiconductor switch is low in cost compared to mechanical relays (or reed relays) illustrated in FIG. 1 in U.S. Pat. No. 5,994,947 (Document 2), which predates Document 1.
Although such a semiconductor switch is relatively inexpensive, it has a large amount of leakage current and shows somewhat inferior performance compared to mechanical switches.
To overcome such drawbacks, FIG. 2 of Document 2 illustrates a circuit that uses both relays and a semiconductor switch, such as an FET (field effect transistor). The circuit includes three relays (36, 42, and 46 in FIG. 2 in Patent Document 2), two diodes (38 and 40), one buffer (44), and two resistors (34 and 48).
However, the circuit configuration in FIG. 2 of Document 2 requires an increased number of components in order to overcome the drawbacks of degraded measurement accuracy due to leakage if the semiconductor switch is used. Thus, the cost required for the circuit configuration still remains high.

Switching circuit for current measurement range resistor and current measurement apparatus including switching circuit


An air filter element has a filter medium body that has a wall to be flowed through by a fluid to be purified in a radial direction relative to a longitudinal axis of the filter medium body. The filter medium body has a first end face and an oppositely positioned second end face. The filter medium body has an elongate cross section shape with two oppositely positioned narrow sides and two oppositely positioned long sides connecting the two narrow sides. A cross section surface of the filter medium body tapers from the first end face toward the second end face. The two long sides each have an inwardly oriented radial constriction in a region of the narrow second end face, wherein, in a region of the first end face, the two long sides are formed without or at least approximately without the inwardly oriented radial constriction, respectively.

The invention concerns an air filter element, in particular round (air) filter element, in particular for gas filtration, e.g. for use in the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, with a filter medium body embodied as a folded filter and annularly closed, whose wall can be flowed through by the fluid to be purified in radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the filter medium body, wherein the filter medium body comprises an elongate cross section shape with two oppositely positioned narrow sides and two oppositely positioned long sides connecting the two narrow sides.
DE 10 2004 053 118 A1 discloses an air filter device for an internal combustion engine that comprises a hollow cylindrical filter element in a filter housing, wherein the filter element is flowed through by the air to be purified in radial direction from the interior to the exterior. The air is guided through an open axial end face into the interior of a filter medium body of the filter element and flows through the wall of the filter medium body in radial direction from the interior to the exterior. Subsequently, the purified air is discharged through an outlet socket from the air filter device.
The filter element is placed onto an inlet socket which is located at the bottom of the filter housing and projects into the interior of the filter element in the mounted state. The incoming air flows through the inlet socket axially into the interior of the filter element and is subsequently deflected in radial direction for flow through the filter medium body.
DE 10 2011 011 595 A1 discloses a filter element for air filtration whose filter medium body is embodied circumferentially in an annular shape and surrounds an inwardly positioned flow space into which the raw fluid to be purified is introduced in axial direction. The filter medium body which is flowed through in radial direction from the interior to the exterior by the fluid comprises an elongate cross section shape with semicircular narrow sides and concavely inwardly oriented long sides. The filter medium body comprises across its axial height a constant unchanged cross section shape.

Air filter element, in particular for gas filtration


Method for producing a card sliver and carding machine therefor. The flexible bend of a card is set automatically by the machine control by means of a controllable actuator system on the basis of a wear characteristic, this characteristic representing the wear as a function of the production of a given material.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention pertains to a method for producing a card sliver using a carding machine including working elements wherein the condition of the working elements deteriorates as the machine operating time increases, the method comprising periodically resetting the working elements for the purpose of compensating, at least partially, the deterioration in the condition of the working elements; and a carding machine for carrying out this method.
2. Discussion of the Background of the Invention and Material Information
On each side of a conventional revolving flat card there is a so-called flexible bend which can be adjusted relative to the corresponding side shield for the purpose of setting the carding gap (between the clothing of the flat bars and the carding cylinder clothing). This adjustment can be made manually, according to German Utility Model DE-Gbm 9313633.
It is also known, in the case of modern revolving flat cards, for example in the case of Applicants' own C 50 card, that the quality of the produced card silver is checked at regular time intervals using a laboratory instrument. The card clothing teeth are visually assessed by the responsible foreman of the spinning operation. If the latter determines, on the basis of his inspections and the operating period, that the quality is falling below a predetermined standard, then the card must be stopped so that the teeth of the carding cylinder clothing, and also, if necessary, the flat clothing can be reground. This inspection task is frequently performed by the manufacturers of the card clothing within the context of service contracts.
Following the grinding it is necessary to reset the existing carding gap, which has been enlarged by wear and the grinding operation. Generally three to five setting elements are provided on the flexible bend for this purpose, on each side of the card. The carding gap is measured at different points by means of a blade gauge and then set. These tasks are known to be time-consuming and result in stoppage times of up to one day on a single card. Obviously, however, the spinning operation requires full utilization of the machine operating times and therefore seeks to minimize the stoppage times for inspection of the machines. For this reason, in many spinning operations this inspection work is not carried out until the last moment, i.e., when the quality of the produced card sliver is still only just adequate or is even already below the tolerance limit. In view of this unsatisfactory situation, Applicants have set forth various proposals for automatic grinding of the carding cylinder clothing in European Patent Applications EP-A-497736 and EP-A-0 565 4860. The latter document, for example, provides for a controller for the application of a grinding element at periodic operating intervals. The use of automatic grinding enables the quality of the produced card sliver to be maintained over a certain period of time and within a defined tolerance range. However, it still remains necessary to reset the carding gap by hand.
It is the task or object of the present invention to further reduce the adjustment work on the card without adversely affecting the quality of the produced card sliver.


The invention relates to a method and a device for evaluating defects in flat textile structures. To be able to provide a method and a device which permit the repeated and unambiguous evaluation of defects in flat textile structures, the invention provides for an image (1) of a flat structure to be generated such that at least two representations of defects (2-17) in the flat structure appear in the image which differ in terms of the length and contrast of the defect. On the basis of said representations a decision is taken as to whether a defect in the flat structure is admissible or inadmissible. To this end a tabular or matrix-like arrangement of representations of different kinds of defects is created and an image of a defect-free flat surface is used as background.

The invention relates to a method and a device for evaluating defects in flat textile structures.
Hitherto, the procedure for the inspection of fabrics has been, for example, that training of the inspecting personnel in admissible and inadmissible defects in the fabric was based on examples. In the actual inspection, it was then sought to detect defects visually and to assign them to an already known example. Defects which appeared to correspond to examples which were unacceptable were marked as such and others were subsequently ignored, as acceptable defects.
In automatic inspection systems, images of the fabric were subjected to filters which filtered out characteristics of the image, and these were then compared with predefined thresholds. Depending on the result of the comparison, possible defects in the images were marked or simply ignored.
A disadvantage of the first method is the fact that human evaluation of a defect is subjective, and is not always uniformly reproducible. Moreover, the person experiences doubt when there are borderline cases. The latter are then not always treated in the same way. This type of inspection thus results in a non-uniform evaluation of fabric defects. Moreover, this type of evaluation does not always proceed at the same rate. In particular, it is slowed down if the defect at issue is difficult to classify and doubts delay the decision.
In the case of the second method, it is a disadvantage that the above-mentioned comparison with threshold values relate to parameters which do not relate directly to the image or the defect. For example, such a parameter can be a limit frequency which, although it does have a significance for the image, acts in combination with other parameters and, considered in isolation, has an effect on the image which is identifiable only with difficulty and is not always uniform. Such methods have been based particularly on what can be easily automated, but it has had to be accepted that the result is not always definite and does not always serve the desired purpose.
It is evident that speck-type, punctiform or linear defects of comparatively small extent in flat textile structures are perceived in relation to the structure of the surface of such a flat textile structure. Thus, in very homogeneous surfaces, extremely small irregularities are perceived clearly by the eye and appear as disturbing defects. On the other hand, an irregular surface pattern reduces the conspicuousness of small imperfections. A problem consists in finding a valid quantity for the characteristic of the defects which conforms to subjective perception. In particular, an interpretable standard is required for setting the sensitivity on automatic inspection systems.
The object of the invention, as characterized in the claims, is to create a method and a device which permit the repeated, rapid and unambiguous evaluation of defects in flat textile structures.
This is achieved according to the invention in that, according to the method, an image of a flat structure is generated such that at least two representations of defects in the flat structure are generated which differ in respect of the length and contrast of the defect. On the basis of these representations, a decision is made as to whether a defect in the flat structure is admissible or inadmissible. Particularly advantageous is a tabular or matrix-like arrangement of representations of different kinds of defects, an image of the defect-free flat structure being used as background. The representations of the defects can thus be evaluated in the surrounding which is specific to the task. To this end the image is divided into sections by means of a two-dimensional grid, the length of the defects constituting the first dimension and the contrast of the defects constituting the second dimension. Sensitivity curves are also superimposed on the image.
The advantages achieved by the invention lie particularly in the fact that a method is achieved by which defects in flat textile structures can be evaluated both objectively and by automated means. The method is also suitable for setting the sensitivity of automated inspection systems for flat textile structures. The invention also provides for a device by which automatically and objectively inadmissible defects in flat structures can be separated out without direct human evaluation. According to the invention, it is possible to evaluate defects in a flat structure which result from both the structure and the material used. In the case of a fabric this means that it is possible to evaluate both defects in the alignment of individual weft or warp threads and defects caused by the yarn itself such as, for example, diameter variations.

Method and device for evaluating defects in flat textile structures


A system and apparatus for establishing whether a received signal frame is an audio signal frame is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes a predetermined position in an audio signal frame containing a piece of secondary information for an audio characteristic of the audio data, with a selection device for selecting a succession of bits which is arranged at the predetermined position in the received signal frame. A decision-making device flags the received signal frame as an audio signal frame if the succession of bits represents the piece of secondary information.

The present invention relates to digital signal processing and particularly to the detection of audio data in a received signal frame.
In message transmission systems, for example in a GSM system as considered by way of example below, no radio signal is sent from the transmitter to the receiver in the case of a voice link during a break in speech. This method is referred to as discontinuous transmission (DTX) and is used both in the uplink direction (from the mobile station to the base station) and in the downlink direction (from the base station to the mobile station). The advantages of the DTX method are the reduced power consumption at the transmitter end and the reduced interference level in the entire radio network.
With activated DTX functionality, no signal is sent from the transmitter to the receiver during a break in speech, which means that only noise is received at the reception end. In this case, the receiver continually attempts to receive a valid GSM signal, for example. If the receiver receives a valid GSM signal, it forwards it to a voice decoder. If the receiver does not receive a valid GSM signal, however, it is assumed that the transmitted signal has been disconnected on account of a break in speech at the transmitter end. In that case, the receiver forwards a comfort noise block to the voice decoder in order to generate artificial background noise of the output of the voice decoder.
During a break in speech, the receiver should therefore receive only noise and replace it with comfort noise (CN) in the voice decoder. Problems arise here if the receiver mistakenly detects the received signal containing no voice data as a valid GSM signal containing voice data. In this case, the supposed GSM signal is not replaced by comfort noise but rather is forwarded to the voice decoder. The information content of the supposed GSM signal is arbitrary, however, which means that a cracking sound ("Bong") of greater or lesser volume is obtained at the output of the voice decoder. These cracking sounds are generally irritating because they occur during a break in speech, that is to say during a relative silent break in the voice signal.
ETSI specifications 3GPP 46.011, 3 GPP 46.012 and 3GPP 46.031 specify the following standard solution for DTX handling in the full-rate voice decoder:
In a first process, the type of the currently received voice frame is determined. A voice frame corresponds to a voice signal of 20 ms in length. To this end, the bits (flags) determined in the channel decoder—BFI (Bad Frame Indication), SID (Silent Descriptor Frame) and TAF (Time Alignment Flag)—are evaluated. Accordingly, the type of the current voice frame (subsequently also called "Frame Type") may assume one of the following values:                GOOD_SPEECH: Valid voice frame        UNUSABLE: Invalid voice frame        VALID_SID: Valid SID frame                    Using an SID frame, a.) the comfort noise (background noise) is parameterized at periodic intervals and b.) a DTX period is initiated after a period of speech.                        INVALID_SID: invalid SID frame
In addition, the current state of the DTX handling is considered. This state (subsequently called "DTX State") may assume one of the following two values:                SPEECH_STATE: The DTX handling is in this state if a period of speech is currently in progress. That is to say that no comfort noise has been generated by the voice decoder in the past voice frames.        CNI_STATE: The DTX handling is in this state if a break in speech is currently in progress, i.e. if comfort noise has been generated by the voice decoder in the past voice frames.
On the basis of the frame type and the DTX state, the following data are forwarded to the actual voice decoder:                if the frame type has the value GOOD_SPEECH, this frame is forwarded directly to the voice decoder and the DTX state is set to the value SPEECH_STATE. It is assumed that a period of speech is in progress or that one is just starting.        if the frame type has the value VALID_SID or INVALID_SID, this frame is forwarded to the voice decoder for the purpose of comfort noise generation and the DTX state is set to the value CNI_STATE. It is assumed that a break in speech is in progress or that one is just starting.        if the frame type has the value UNUSABLE, the operation of the voice decoder is dependent on the DTX state.        such a frame type in the DTX state SPEECH_STATE (that is to say during a period of speech) indicates to the voice decoder that this voice frame has been lost and therefore the "Muting Mechanism" needs to be activated.        such a frame type in the DTX state CNI_STATE (that is to say during a break in speech) indicates to the voice decoder that the transmitter has been switched off and therefore a comfort noise frame needs to be inserted.
A very irritating effect is obtained if a voice frame is mistakenly detected as GOOD_SPEECH in a break in speech (DTX state has the value CNI_STATE). In that case, this supposedly good voice frame is forwarded directly to the voice decoder and produces a cracking sound of greater or lesser volume (depending on its random content) at the output thereof. In addition, the supposedly good voice frame causes the DTX state to change to SPEECH_STATE (supposed start of a new period of speech). Since, in reality, the break in speech has not yet ended, however, the transmitter continues to be switched off, which is why the receiver will detect the frame type UNUSABLE again for the further voice frames. However, these voice frames with the frame type UNUSABLE result in the aforementioned "Muting Mechanism" in the DTX state SPEECH_STATE, i.e. the previously received supposedly valid voice frame is now also repeated and attenuated, which means that the aforementioned cracking sound (as a result of the repetition) is now also given a metallic character ("Bong").
To compensate for this weakness in the standard solution of the DTX handling, great effort has been made in the past in attempting to improve the basis for frame type determination (BFI, SID and TAF) outside the voice decoder. This has been done by evaluating additional parameters, such as equalizer or channel decoder results. However, this solution has the drawback that it needs to be simulated, implemented and verified afresh for each baseband chip. The actual problem, however, is the lack of robust error concealment in the full-rate voice decoder, which is not covered by the GSM standard.
For these and other reasons, there is a need for the present invention.

Apparatus and method for identifying signal frames as audio signal frames


A toner has columnar particles manufactured through: a kneading step of melt-kneading toner raw materials including at least binder resin, colorant and a release agent to prepare a kneaded product; a spinning step of extruding the kneaded product from orifices disposed at the tip of a spinning nozzle to prepare a fibrous kneaded product; and a pulverizing step of cutting or pulverizing the fibrous kneaded product, the toner matrix particles each having an aspect ratio of 0.5 to 5.0 and a dB/d50 value of 0.5 or above and contain an external additive composed of large particles and small particles having a volume average particle size smaller than that of the large particles, as well as to provide each of the columnar particles with each having 10 or less reentrants whose apertures have a longer length in a minor axis thereof than a radius of the respective large particles.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a toner for the use in developing electrostatic latent images in an electrophotographic image forming process or the like, a two-component developer, a developing device, and an image forming apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
The toner for the use in electrophotography can be obtained by a kneading pulverization method or a polymerization method such as a suspension polymerization method and an emulsion-polymerization aggregation method. In the kneading pulverization method, a toner raw material containing a binder resin and a colorant as main ingredients, in to which additives such as a charge control agent and a release agent are mixed as required, is melt-kneaded, then cooled to be solidified, and further pulverized and classified. To such a toner, inorganic fine particles such as fine-particle silica or aluminum oxide are generally added as external additives for the purpose of improving flowability and electrostatic charge stability.
In recent years, enhancement of image quality in the electrophotographic field has been studied from various angles. And there is a growing recognition that reduction in size of toner matrix particles is especially effective for enhancement of image quality. However, as toner matrix particles advance in size reduction, there develops a tendency that their flowability and transfer efficiency are lowered to result in formation of poor-quality images.
Such a tendency is brought to the fore in the case of forming full-color images in particular. In general, toners of subtractive primary colors, namely three colors of yellow (Y), magenta (M) and cyan (C), or toners of four colors including these three colors and black (B) are used for color reproduction in full-color image formation. The color reproduction procedure is, e.g., as follows, Electrification, exposure, development and transfer steps in an image forming process are repeated for each of C, M, Y and B colors, and then toner images thus formed on photoreceptors assigned for those colors respectively undergo primary transfer onto an intermediate transfer body in succession so that one color image is superposed upon another color image. Thereafter, a full-color image is formed on a recording medium by one-operation transfer of superposed toner images of multiple colors. In the final fixing step, the superposed toner images are fused and fixed into the recording medium.
In such full-color electrophotography, flowability and transfer efficiency of toner of each color become extremely important factors because development is carried out for plural times and in the transfer step, toner images are collectively performed in one operation. Therefore, to a toner small in particle size used in full color image formation, an external additive is often added which is composed of so large particles as having a volume average particle size of the order of 50 nm to 150 nm, for the purpose of enhancing flowability and transfer efficiency of the toner.
However, the external additive of large particles added to surfaces of toner matrix particles of the toner moves to reentrants in the surfaces of toner matrix particles of the toner and is deposited thereon and further embedded therein by various mechanical stresses applied to the toner through stirring in a developing device. Therefore, there occurs a problem that initial toner properties including the flowability and the chargeability the toner has at the time of initial use cannot be retained over the long term to result in degradation of image quality, such as background fog and inconsistencies in density.
When the kneading pulverization method is adopted, the reentrants in surfaces of toner matrix particles, where deposition and embedment of an external additive occur, are formed by the toner matrix particles undergoing stresses inside a device used in the pulverizing step and collisions between themselves. When the polymerization method such as an emulsion-polymerization aggregation method is adopted, on the other hand, those reentrants are formed of cavities among aggregated particles. In these reentrants, large ones with diameters reaching several μm are included.
In order to solve the problem, arts of reducing the number of reentrants in surfaces of toner matrix particles and smoothing the surfaces have been proposed. For exampler, in the case of the nonmagnetic toner disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications JP-A 11-295922 (1999) and JP-A 11-295925 (1999), momentary heating treatment is given to toner particles so that the value obtained by dividing the reduced particle size D determined from their BET specific surface area by the 50% relative particle size d50 of particle size-specific relative weight distribution becomes 0.20 or above. By this treatment, surface conditions of the toner particles improve in not only smoothness but also uniformity, surface properties of the toner particles are retained stably over the long term, and flowability and electrification properties required of the toner are obtained.
Although the momentary heating treatment is given to toner matrix particles with the intention of enhancing their surface smoothness in JP-A 11-295922 and JP-A 11-295925, there is a risk that the release agent incorporated in the toner bleeds from the toner surface by this momentary heating treatment and affects adversely durability of the toner. In addition, there is another risk that the fluidizing agent added is fixed to surfaces of toner matrix particles by such treatment, and pressed and embedded in the surfaces of toner matrix particles by stresses from, e.g., stirring inside the developing device, resulting in degradation in flowability. Furthermore, retention of a homogeneous dispersion state during the momentary heating treatment requires a greater amount of fluidizing agent than usual, and threatens to impair electrostatic charge stability.

Toner, two-component developer, developing device, and image forming apparatus


A torso, around which clothes can be wound, includes a curved incision on the backface. Preferably, an elastic member is provided at least on the periphery of the incision. The torso may also include a first opening on the backface, an elastic member formed to cover the first opening, and a curved incision on the elastic member, where the incision is exposed from the first opening. Preferably, the incision is formed along the longitudinal direction of the first opening. Furthermore, the first opening may include at least two projections formed on its periphery, and the elastic member may include at least two holes formed at positions opposing the projections, respectively. A fixing member may be provided for fixing the elastic member, and the fixing member includes a second opening having the same shape and size as those of the first opening and formed at a position opposing the incision.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a torso for dress-up doll playing with clothes (garments).
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, in torsos for dress-up doll playing by variously changing clothes (garments), when the same clothes (garments) are replaced to another torso with a different size and shape, the size may be improper to be ill-shaped. When changing clothes using torsos with different sizes and shapes, it is uneconomically necessary to additionally prepare a plurality of clothes (garments).
In order to solve such a problem, a mannequin doll has been proposed in that a concave recess is formed on the back face of the mannequin doll to have a linear slit, and elastic bodies are provided within the recess on its both insides, respectively, to oppose each other (Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Registration Application Publication No. S55-38914, for example). By using such a mannequin doll, a slack cloth portion generated when putting a garment thereon can be pinched into the slit, thereby easily adjusting the size of the garment.
However, in the mannequin doll described in Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Registration Application Publication No. S55-38914, since the slit is linearly formed for pinching clothes thereinto, the pinched clothes are liable to come off, so that the mannequin doll may be cumbersome to be used for adjusting the size of a garment. The elastic bodies provided within the recess on the back face of the mannequin doll are only arranged on the both the insides within the recess, respectively, to oppose each other, so that the pinched cloth is liable to loose, may resulting in simply coming off the slit. The elastic bodies may simply come off both the sides of the recess due to the repetition of again pinching and coming off.
For a mannequin doll capable of displaying garments with long sleeves, any specification that can adjust the garment in size to comply with the size of the mannequin doll has not been proposed yet.


The invention relates to novel 1-arylpyrazole oxime derivatives, of general formula (I) or (I bis)

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to novel 1-arylpyrazolecarboxaldehyde oximes, compositions, and derivatives thereof. It relates to their unexpected and useful systemic insecticidal activity. The invention particularly pertains to compositions of said compounds and methods, using said compounds, for the control of arthropod, nematode, helminth or protozoan pests. In particular to the application of said compounds or compositions in agricultural methods of use, particularly as pesticides, for controlling arthropods, especially insects by systemic action. The invention also relates to 1-arylpyrazole hydrazones.
2. Description of the Related Art
The control of insects, nematodes or helmrinths by means of active material having a 1-arylpyrazole group therein has been described by many patents or patent application such as International Patent Publication No. WO 93/06089 (and the equivalent U.S. Pat. No. 5,451,598), WO 94/21606 and WO 87/03781 as well as in European Patent Publication Numbers 0295117, 659745, 679650, 201852 and 412849, German Patent No. DE19511269 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,940.
Other compounds are disclosed in WO 92/13451, Aug. 20, 1992, to Schering Agrochemicals Ltd., which describes 5-chloro-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-(4,5-dicyano-1H-imadazol-2-yl)-3-hydroxyiminomethyl-1H-pyrazole as an intermediate, also with activity against a single species Lucilia sericata, sleep blow fly.
This Schering reference appears to be the only reference describing 1-arylpyrazole-oxime compounds as insecticides.
It is an object of the present invention to provide new pesticidal compounds of the 1-arylpyrazole family together with processes for their preparation.
A second object of the present invention is to provide pesticidal compositions and pesticidal methods of use of the pesticidal pyrazole compounds against arthropods, especially insects, plant nematodes, or helminth or protozoan pests, particularly in agricultural or horticultural crops, forestry, veterinary medicine or livestock husbandry, or in public health.
A third object of the present invention is to provide very active compounds, with broad spectrum pesticidal activity, as well as compounds with selective special activity, e.g., aphicidal, miticidal, foliar insecticidal, soil insecticidal and nematicidal, systemic, antifeeding or pesticidal activity via seed treatment.
A fourth object of the present invention is to provide compounds with substantially enhanced and more rapid activity, especially against insects and more particularly insects in their larval stages.
A fifth object of the present invention is to provide compounds with greatly improved (greater and faster) penetration into pest species when topically applied and thus provide enhanced movement of the compounds to the pesticidal site(s) of action within the pest.
Another object of the present invention is to provide compounds with high activity and improved safety to the user and the environment.
These and other objects of the invention shall become readily apparent from the detailed description of the present invention. These objects are met in whole or in part by the instant invention.
This invention describes novel systemic chemical compositions and methods for treating plants with the compositions having insecticidal or nematocidal systemic activity of the following formula (I):
wherein:
X is xe2x80x94S(O)mR6 or R7,
Y is hydrogen, C-3 to C-6 alkenyl, alkynyl, formyl, alkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, halocycloalkyl carbonyl, aroyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, aminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylaminoalkylcarbonyl, dialkylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, alkylthioalkylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonylalkylcarbonyl, arylthioalkylcarbonyl, N-alkylcarbamoyl, N-arylcarbamoyl, N-alkylthiocarbamoyl, N-arylthiocarbamoyl, alpha-hydroxyarylalkylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkylcarbonyl, carboxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl, xe2x80x94P(xe2x95x90O)(O-Alkyl)2, xe2x80x94P(xe2x95x90S)(O-alkyl)2, xe2x80x94P(xe2x95x90O)(S-alkyl)2, xe2x80x94P(xe2x95x90S)(S-alkyl)2, trialkylsilyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxyalkylcarbonyl, aryl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, xe2x80x94C(xe2x95x90O)S-alkyl, xe2x80x94C(xe2x95x90O)S-aryl, xe2x80x94C(xe2x95x90O)S-alkylaryl, alkoxyalkoxycarbonyl, alkylthioalkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonylalkoxycarbonyl, arylthioalkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl and aryloxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl; or alkyl or haloalkyl, optionally substituted by alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, cyano, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkylthio, nitro, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylcarbonyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, hydroxy, alkylcarbonylamino or alkylcarbonyloxy;
Z is hydrogen, halogen, xe2x80x94C(O)R7xe2x80x94,xe2x80x94S(O)nR8, xe2x80x94C(O)OR9, alkyl, haloalkyl, xe2x80x94OR9, xe2x80x94Nxe2x95x90C(R10)(R11), alkenyl, hydrazino, alkylthiocarbonyl, 1H-pyrrol-1-yl or 1H-pyrazol-1-yl, xe2x80x94CHO, xe2x80x94CHxe2x95x90NOH, amino, R12NHxe2x80x94 or R13R14Nxe2x80x94;
R1 is hydrogen, alkyl or xe2x80x94NR15R16;
R2 is hydrogen or halogen;
R3 and R5 are hydrogen, halogen or alkyl;
R4 is halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, R17S(O)pxe2x80x94 or SF5;
R6 is alkyl or haloalkyl, alkenyl or haloalkenyl, alkynyl or haloalkynyl or cycloalkyl having 3 to 5 carbon atoms;
R7 is alkyl or haloalkyl;
R8 is R7 or phenyl;
R9 and R10 are hydrogen, alkyl or haloalkyl;
R11 is alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, or a phenyl group which is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from hydroxy, halogen, alkoxy, cyano, R7 or xe2x80x94S(O)qR7;
R12, R13 and R14, which are identical or different, are R7S(O)rxe2x80x94, formyl, alkynyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl or aroyl; or alkyl, C-3 to C-6 alkenyl or xe2x80x94C(O)alkyl wherein the alkyl and alkenyl portions are optionally substituted by one or more R18; or R13 and R14 are joined so as together form a divalent radical having 4 to 6 atoms in the chain, this divalent radical being alkylene, alkyleneoxyalkylene or alkyleneaminoalkylene, preferably to form a morpholine, pyrrolidine, piperidine or piperazine ring;
R15 and R16 are independently hydrogen or alkyl;
R17 represents haloalkyl;
R18 is cyano, nitro, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, xe2x80x94C(O)R7, R8S(O)sxe2x80x94, xe2x80x94C(O)OR9, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, halogen, hydroxy, aminosulfonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl or dialkylaminosulfonyl;
m, n, p, q, r and s represent zero, one or two;
M is C-halo, Cxe2x80x94CH3, Cxe2x80x94CH2F, Cxe2x80x94CH2Cl, Cxe2x80x94NO2, or N;
geometric isomers, tautomeric forms and pesticidally active salts thereof.
By the term xe2x80x9cpesticidally acceptable saltsxe2x80x9d is meant salts the anions and cations of which are known and accepted in the art for the formation of pesticidally acceptable salts. Preferably such salts are water soluble. Suitable acid addition salts formed from compounds of formula (I) containing an amine group, include salts with inorganic acids for example hydrochlorides, phosphates, sulfates and nitrates, and salts with organic acids for example acetates. Suitable base addition salts formed from compounds of formula (I) containing a carboxylic acid group, include alkali metal (for example sodium or potassium) salts, ammonium salts and organic amine (for example diethanolamine or morpholine) salts.
Compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 represents xe2x80x94NR15R16 in which R16 represents hydrogen and R15 represents hydrogen or alkyl may exist in tautomeric forms as shown in formulae (Ia) and (Ib). Such tautomerism is well known as is described in S.Patai (The Chemistry of Functional Groups: Amidines and Imidates, Vol 2, 1991, pages 276-277). It will be understood that all such tautomeric forms are embraced by the present invention.
Unless otherwise specified alkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio groups have from one to six (preferably one to four) carbon atoms, alkenyl groups have from two to six (preferably two to four) carbon atoms and alkynyl groups have from three to six (preferably three or four) carbon atoms. Cycloalkyl groups have from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 7 carbon atoms. By the term xe2x80x9carylxe2x80x9d is meant mono or polycyclic aromatic moieties, preferably including phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, furyl and naphthyl groups. It shall be understood that the rings formed by the divalent alkylene radicals which include the nitrogen atoms to which they are attached are generally 5, 6 and 7 membered rings. In the instant invention, some words are used in a specific sense: The term xe2x80x9caminocarbonylxe2x80x9d means a carbamoyl radical, that is, a radical of the formula xe2x80x94C(O)NH2. Similarly, the term xe2x80x9calkylaminocarbonylxe2x80x9d means an alkylcarbamoyl radical, that is, a radical of the formula xe2x80x94C(O)xe2x80x94NH-alkyl; and the term xe2x80x9cdialkylaminocarbonylxe2x80x9d means a dialkylcarbamoyl radical, that is, a radical of the formula xe2x80x94C(O)xe2x80x94N(alkyl)2 in which the alkyl moieties can be the same or different. The term xe2x80x9caminosulfonylxe2x80x9d means a sulfamoyl radical, that is, xe2x80x94SO2NH2. Similarly, the term xe2x80x9calkylaminosulfonylxe2x80x9d means an alkylsulfamoyl radical, that is, a radical of the formula xe2x80x94SO2NH-alkyl; while the term xe2x80x9cdialkylaminosulfonylxe2x80x9d means a dialkylsulfamoyl radical, which has the formula xe2x80x94SO2N(alkyl)2 wherein the alkyl moieties can be the same or different.
The term xe2x80x9chaloxe2x80x9d before the name of a radical means that this radical is partially or completely halogenated, that is to say, substituted by F, Cl, Br, or I, in any combination, preferably by F or Cl. The term xe2x80x9chalogenxe2x80x9d means F, Cl, Br or I. When the name of any substituent is repeated, it keeps the same meaning unless otherwise specified. The term xe2x80x9caroylxe2x80x9d designates a carbonyl aromatic radical, that is, aryl-C(O)xe2x80x94, which is preferably a benzoyl optionally substituted by one or more alkyl, alkoxy or halogen groups.
Compounds in which Z is amino, R12NHxe2x80x94 or R13R14Nxe2x80x94 are preferred.
Compounds in which X is xe2x80x94S(O)mR6 are preferred.
R1 is preferably amino or hydrogen;
R6 is preferably alkyl; especially preferred are methyl and ethyl;
R3 and R5 are preferably hydrogen;
R4 is preferably haloalkyl, haloalkoxy or SF5; especially preferred is trifluoromethyl.
M is preferably C-halo, or N.
Y is preferably hydrogen or alkoxycarbonyl.
Preferred phenyl groups or pyridyl groups comprising the R2 to R5 and M radicals in formula (I) are: 2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl; 2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl; 2-bromo-6-chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl; 2-bromo-6-chloro-4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl; 2,6-difluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl; 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl; 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridinyl; 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxy-2-pyridinyl; 2-bromo-6-fluoro-4-difluoromethylphenyl; 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl; 2,6-dibromo-4-trifluoromethylphenyl; 2,6-dibromo-4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl; and 2,6-dichloro-4-pentafluorothiophenyl.
A preferred class of compounds of formula (I) are those wherein:
X is xe2x80x94S(O)mR6;
Y is hydrogen; alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms (including linear, branched and cyclic) optionally substituted by aminocarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, cyano or nitro; C-3 to C-4 alkenyl; C-3 to C-5 alkynyl; alkylcarbonyl; optionally substituted aroyl; arylalkylcarbonyl; alkylsulfonyl; alkoxycarbonylalkylcarbonyl; haloalkylcarbonyl; N-alkylcarbamoyl; alkoxycarbonyl; aryloxycarbonyl; alkoxyalkylcarbonyl; alpha-hydroxyarylalkylcarbonyl; hydroxyalkylcarbonyl; aminoalkylcarbonyl; xe2x80x94C(xe2x95x90O)S-alkyl and trialkylsilyl;
Z is amino, R12NHxe2x80x94, R13R14Nxe2x80x94, halogen or methyl;
R1 is hydrogen, methyl, amino or methylamino;
R2 is F, Cl, Br or H;
R3 and R5 are hydrogen;
R4 is CF3, CF3O, CHF2, CF3S(O)p, CF2Cl, CFCl2, CF2ClO, CFCl2O, Cl, Br, or F;
R6 is methyl or ethyl optionally substituted by F, Cl or Br;
M is CCl, CF, CBr, or N;
R12, R13 and R14 are CF3S(O)rxe2x80x94, alkynyl or alkoxycarbonyl;
or alkyl, C-3 to C-6 alkenyl or xe2x80x94C(O)alkyl wherein the alkyl and alkenyl portions are optionally substituted by one or more R18; and
R18 is cyano, nitro, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, xe2x80x94C(O)R7, R8S(O)sxe2x80x94, xe2x80x94C(O)OR9, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, halogen, hydroxy, aminosulfonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl or dialkylaminosulfonyl.
A further preferred class of compounds of formula (I) are those wherein:
Y represents hydrogen; a C1 to C3 alkyl group optionally substituted by cyano, carbamoyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl or alkylsulfonyl; trialkylsilyl; acetyl; propionyl substituted by alkoxycarbonyl; benzoyl optionally substituted by alkyl; alkoxycarbonyl; or N-alkylcarbamoyl;
Z represents amino, R12NHxe2x80x94, R13R14Nxe2x80x94, xe2x80x94CHO, xe2x80x94CHxe2x95x90NOH, halogen or methyl;
R1 represents hydrogen, methyl, amino or methylamino;
R2 represents chlorine, bromine or hydrogen;
R3 and R5 represent hydrogen;
R4 represents CF3 or OCF3;
R6 represents optionally halogenated methyl or ethyl;
R7 represents CF3;
R12, R13 and R14 represent alkynyl; or methyl or ethyl optionally substituted by R8S(O)Sxe2x80x94, cyano or aminocarbonyl;
R8 represents alkyl or phenyl; and
M represents Cxe2x80x94Cl, Cxe2x80x94Br or N.
According to another aspect of the invention, Y may be a sugar moiety, preferably Y is a ring containing 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms and which is interrupted by one oxygen atom, the carbon atoms substituted by one or more hydroxy groups, one or more CH2OH groups or one or more OC(O)alkyl groups
The instant invention also provides arylpyrazoles of the following formula (I bis):
wherein:
A is xe2x80x94NR26xe2x80x94;
Y 1 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, xe2x80x94S(O)aR28, xe2x80x94P(O)R29R30, xe2x80x94P(S)R29R30, xe2x80x94Si(R31)(R32)(R33), xe2x80x94C(O)R27, xe2x80x94C(S)R27, cyano or nitro;
R19 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, or xe2x80x94NR34R35;
R20 is xe2x80x94S(O)bR36 or R37;
R21 is hydrogen, halogen, xe2x80x94C(O)R38, xe2x80x94S(O)cR39, alkyl, haloalkyl, xe2x80x94OR40, xe2x80x94Nxe2x95x90C(R41)(R42), alkenyl, xe2x80x94NR43R44, 1H-pyrrol-1-yl, 1H-pyrazol-1-yl, or xe2x80x94CHxe2x95x90NOH;
R22, R23 and R25 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen or alkyl;
R24 is halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, xe2x80x94S(O)dR45 or SF5;
R26 is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;
R27 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl of C1 to C20, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, xe2x80x94OR46, xe2x80x94NR47R48, or xe2x80x94SR49;
R28 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted aryl;
R29 and R30 are independently selected from alkoxy and thioalkoxy;
R31, R32 and R33 are independently selected from alkyl, haloalkyl and aryl;
R34 and R35 are independently selected from hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;
R36 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or C3-C6 cycloalkyl each of which is optionally substituted by one or more halogens;
R37 is alkyl or haloalkyl;
R38 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy;
R39 is alkyl haloalkyl or aryl;
R40 and R41 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl and haloalkyl;
R42 is alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or phenyl each of which is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from hydroxy, halogen, alkoxy, xe2x80x94CN, alkyl, xe2x80x94S(O)ealkyl;
R43 and R44 are independently selected from hydrogen, NH2, xe2x80x94S(O)fR50, xe2x80x94C(O)R51, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl and alkynyl; or R43 and R44 may form together a divalent alkylene radical which may be interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur;
R45 is haloalkyl;
R46 and R49 are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted aryl;
R47 and R48 are independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl and substituted or unsubstituted aryl; or R47 and R48 may form together a divalent alkylene radical which may be interrupted by one or more heteroatoms preferably selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur;
R50 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;
R51 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, alkenyl, xe2x80x94OR52, xe2x80x94SR53, or xe2x80x94NR54R55;
R52 and R53 are independently selected from alkyl and haloalkyl;
R54 and R55 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl and aryl;
a, b, c, d, e and f independently represent zero, one or two;
M1 is C-halo, Cxe2x80x94CH3, Cxe2x80x94CH2F, Cxe2x80x94CH2Cl, Cxe2x80x94NO2, or N;
or a pesticidally acceptable salt thereof.
A preferred group of compounds of formula (I bis) are those with one or more of the following features wherein:
A is xe2x80x94NR26xe2x80x94;
Y1 is hydrogen, alkyl, or xe2x80x94C(O)R27;
R19 is hydrogen or NH2;
R20 is xe2x80x94S(O)bR36;
R21 is xe2x80x94NR43R44;
R22 is halogen;
R23 and R25 are hydrogen;
R24 is haloalkyl;
R27 is alkyl or O-alkyl; or
M is C-halo.
Another preferred group of compounds of formula (I bis) are those wherein:
A is xe2x80x94NR26xe2x80x94;
Y1 is hydrogen, alkyl, or xe2x80x94C(O)R27;
R19 is hydrogen or NH2;
R20 is xe2x80x94S(O)bR36;
R21 is xe2x80x94NR43R44;
R22 is halogen;
R23 and R25 are hydrogen;
R24 is haloalkyl;
R27 is alkyl or O-alkyl; and
M is C-halo.
In the compounds of formula (I bis), preferably by the term xe2x80x9csubstitutedxe2x80x9d is meant by one or more of the following substituents: halogen, hydroxy, alkylthio, cyano, carboxy, xe2x80x94C(O)alkyl, xe2x80x94C(O)Oalkyl, xe2x80x94C(O)NH2, xe2x80x94C(O)NHalkyl, xe2x80x94C(O)N(alkyl)2, aryl, nitro, azido, amino, alkylamiino, dialkylamino, alkylsulfenyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, aryloxy, arylthio, alkylcarbonylamino, alkylcarbonyloxy, or aryloxycarbonyl.
Among the compounds of general formula (I) or (I bis) are the following particularly preferred compounds, which provide particularly useful control of insect species by systemic action. The compound numbers are for reference purposes only.
1) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
2) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-ethylamino-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
3) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-methylamino-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
4) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
5) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-ethylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
6) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-trifluoromethylthio-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
7) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-difluoromethylthio-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
8) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylthio-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
9) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-trifluoromethylthio-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-(methyl)oxime
10) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-(acetyl)oxime
11) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-(2-methylbenzoyl)oxime
12) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-(methoxycarbonyl)oxime
13) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)propionyl]oxime
14) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylthio-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-(acetyl)oxime
15) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylthio-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-(methoxycarbonyl)oxime
16) 5-Amino 1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfonyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
17) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-(methyl)oxime
18) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-(N-methylcarbamoyl)oxime
19) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-(carboxymethyl)oxime
20) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
21) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxime
22) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-formyl-N-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylthio-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
23) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-5-hydroxyiminomethyl-4-trifluoromethylthio-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
24) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-(isopropyl)oxime
25) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)oxime
26) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-(aminocarbonylmethyl)oxime
27) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethyl]oxime
28) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde O-(2-cyanoethyl)oxime
29) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-methyl-4-methylthio-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
30) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-methyl-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
31) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-methyl-4-methylsulfonyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
32) 5-Amino-1-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
33) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-ethylthio-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
34) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-ethylsulfinyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
35) 1-[2-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-[2-ethylsulfonyl(ethylamino]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
36) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-dimethylamino-4-methylthio-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
37) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4-ethylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
38) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde oxime
39) 3-Acetyl-5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole oxime
40) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
41) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-methoxy-4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
42) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4-ethylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
43) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4-ethylthio-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
44) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4-methyl-sulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
45) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4-methyl-sulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
46) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4-methyl-sulfonyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
47) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4-methylthio-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
48) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4-ethylsulfonyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
49) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-methoxy-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
50) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-methoxy-Nxe2x80x2-methyl-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
51) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4-(2-fluoroethylsulfinyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
52) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4-(2-fluoroethylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
53) 5-Amino-1-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-4-ethylsulfinyl-N-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
54) 5-Amino-1-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
55) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-5-methylamino-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
56) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-ethylamino-N-hydroxy-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
57) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-[2-(ethylsulfonyl)ethylamino]-N-hydroxy-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
58) 5-[2-(Cyano)ethylamino]-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
59) 5-(Aminocarbonylmethylamino)-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
60) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethylamino]-N-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
61) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dibromo4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
62) 1-[2-Bromo-6-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-ethylamino-4-methylsulfinyl-N-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
63) 5-Amino-1-[2-bromo-6-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
64) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4ethylsulfinyl-5-[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethylamino]-N-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
65) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-5-[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethylamino]-N-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
66) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-ethylsulfinyl-5-[2-(ethylsulfinyl)ethylamino]-N-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
67) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-5-[(prop-2-ynyl)amino]-N-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide
68) 5-Amino-1-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide.
Other compounds of formula (D) or (I bis) that are provided by the instant invention include:
69) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-amino-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide;
70) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(isopropylcarbonyl)amino-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide;
71) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(n-heptylcarbonyl)amino-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide;
72) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(ethoxycarbonyl)amino-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide;
73) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl-N-amino-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
74) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-ethylsulfinyl-N-amino--1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
75) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl-N-acetylamino-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
76) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(1-methylethenylcarbonylamino)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
77) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(tert-butylcarbonylamino)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
78) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(2-methylethenylcarbonylamino)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
79) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(ethylcarbonylamino)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
80) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(propylcarbonylamino)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
81) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(1-ethylpropylcarbonylamino)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
82) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(butylcarbonylamino)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
83) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(pentylcarbonylamino)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
84) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(hexylcarbonylamino)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
85) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-ethylsulfinyl-N-acetylamino-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
86) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-chloroacetylamino-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
87) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(tridecylcarbonylamino)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
88) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(n-propoxycarbonylamino)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
89) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(1,1-dimethylpropyloxycarbonylamino)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
90) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(tertbutyloxycarbonylamino)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
91) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(acetyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
92) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-ethylsulfinyl-N-(acetyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
93) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(ethylcarbonyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
94) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(propylcarbonyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
95) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(2-methylethenylcarbonyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
96) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(benzoyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
97) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-methylamino-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(acetyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
98) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfonyl-N-(acetyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
99) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(heptylcarbonyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
100) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfonyl-N-(heptylcarbonyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
101) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfenyl-N-(acetyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
102) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfenyl-N-(heptylcarbonyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
103) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl-N-(acetyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
104) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-formylamino-4-ethylsulfenyl-N-(acetyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
105) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(hexylcarbonyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
106) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(pentylcarbonyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
107) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(butylcarbonyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
108) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfenyl-N-(cyclopentylcarbonyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
109) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(cyclopentylcarbonyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
110) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(tert-butylcarbonyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
111) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(iso-propylcarbonyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
112) 1-[2,6-Dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-formylamino-4-ethylsulfinyl-N-(acetyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
113) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(chloroacetyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
114) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(bromoacetyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
115) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-(1-ethylpropylcarbonyloxy)-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
116) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methylsulfinyl-N-[(3-acetyloxy)phenylcarbonyloxy]-1H-pyrazole carboximidamide;
117) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4-trifluoro methylsulfonyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide;
118) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-hydroxy-4-trifluoro methylsulfenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide;
119) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-(methoxycarbonylamino)-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde hydrazone;
120) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-(methylsulfonylamino)-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde hydrazone;
121) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-amino-4-ethylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde hydrazone;
122) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-amino-4-trifluoromethylsulfenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxaldehyde hydrazone;
123) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-amino-4-methylsulfenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide;
124) 5-Amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-(furylcarbonylamino)-4-methylsulfinyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboximidamide; or
Methods or Processes of Synthesis
The compounds of formula (I) can be prepared according to the manufacturing processes described in International Patent Publications Nos. WO 94/21606 and WO 93/06089 or International Patent Publication No. WO 87/03781 as well as in European Patent Publication No. 0295117 and Hatton et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,940. Those skilled in the art will choose the proper initial reactant in these known methods and adapt these known methods to the said reactant so as to obtain the corresponding desired products. It is understood that in the description of the following processes the sequences for the introduction of the various groups on the pyrazole ring may be performed in a different order and that suitable protecting groups may be required as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
In the following description of processes when symbols appearing in formulae are not specifically defined, it is to be understood that they are xe2x80x9cas defined abovexe2x80x9d in accordance with the first definition of each symbol in the specification.
According to a further feature of the present invention compounds of general formula (I) wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, M, X, Y and Z are as defined above and R1 represents amino (namely compounds of formula (Ia) or (Ib) in which R15 represents hydrogen), may be prepared by the reaction of a compound of formula (II):
with a compound of formula (III):
NH2OY
in which Y is defined above. The reaction is generally performed using an acid salt of compound (III) for example the hydrochloride salt and in the presence of a base for example pyridine or an alkali metal carbonate (such as sodium carbonate) or an alkali metal acetate (such as sodium acetate) or ammonium acetate in a solvent such as methanol and/or water at a temperature from 0xc2x0 C. to 100xc2x0 C.
According to a further feature of the present invention compounds of general formula (I) wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, M, X, Y and Z are as defined above and R1 represents amino may be prepared by the reaction of a compound of formula (IV):
wherein R represents alkyl, with a compound of formula (III) in which R is alkyl and Y is defined above. The reaction is generally performed using an using an acid salt of compound (III) for example the hydrochloride salt and optionally in the presence of a base for example pyridine or an alkali metal carbonate (such as sodium carbonate) or an alkali metal acetate (such as sodium acetate) or ammonium acetate in a solvent such as methanol and/or water at a temperature from 0xc2x0 C. to 100xc2x0 C.
According to a further feature of the present invention compounds of general formula (I) wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, M, X, Y and Z are as defined above and R1 represents alkylamino or dialkylamino may be prepared by the reaction of the corresponding compound of formula (I) wherein R1 represents amino with an alkylating agent preferably of formula R-hal where R represents alkyl and hal is chloro, bromo or iodo. The reaction is usually carried out in the presence of a strong base such as potassium t-butoxide or sodium hydride in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran at a temperature from 0xc2x0 C. to 100xc2x0 C.
According to a further feature of the present invention compounds of general formula (I) wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, M, X, Y and Z are as defined above and R1 represents hydrogen or alkyl may be prepared by the reaction of a compound of formula (V):
in which R1 represents hydrogen or alkyl with a compound of formula (III) in which Y is defined above and using the same conditions as employed in the reaction of compounds of formula (II) with compounds of formula (III) above.
According to a further feature of the present invention compounds of general formula (I) wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, M, X and Z are as defined above, R1 represents hydrogen or alkyl, and Y is defined above with the exclusion of hydrogen, formyl, aryl, pyridinyl and pyrimidinyl (the exclusions being for chemical reasons only), may be prepared by reaction of the corresponding compound of formula (I) wherein Y represents hydrogen with an appropriate alkylating or acylating reagent or Michael acceptor generally in the presence of a base for example triethylamine in an inert solvent such as dichloroethane at a temperature of from 0xc2x0 C. to 100xc2x0 C.
According to a further feature of the present invention compounds of general formula (I) wherein Z represents R12NHxe2x80x94 or R13R14Nxe2x80x94 in which R12, R13 and/or R14 represent xe2x80x94C(O)alkyl optionally substituted by one or more R18 may be prepared by the acylation of the corresponding compound wherein Z represents amino, according to methods described in one or more of International Publications No. WO 94/21606, WO 93/06089 and WO 87/03781, European Patent Publication No. 0295117 and Hatton et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,940.
For the synthesis of 5-alkylamino and dialkylamino compounds wherein Z represents R12NHxe2x80x94 or R13R14Nxe2x80x94 in which R12, R13 and R14 represent alkyl or C-3 to C-6 alkenyl optionally substituted by R18, including the cyclic amino compounds (i.e., the compounds in which R13 and R14 are joined together) of formula (I), three basic methods are appropriate. The first method includes direct alkylation of precursor compounds of formula (I) in which Z represents amino with alkylating agents. The second method involves a two-step sequence, with formation of the imino ethers, followed by a reduction. The third method of preparation is through a conjugate addition, e.g., a Michael-type addition.
The compounds of formula (I) wherein Z represents R12NHxe2x80x94 or R13R14N R13 in which R12, R13 and/or R14 are R7S(O)r, formyl, alkynyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl or aroyl, and R7 and r are defined above can be prepared by methods described in one or more of International Publications No. WO 94/21606, WO 93/06089 and WO 87/03781, European Patent Publication No. 0295117 and Hatton et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,940.
The compounds of formula (I) in which Z represents hydrogen, halogen, xe2x80x94S(O)nR8, xe2x80x94C(O)R7, xe2x80x94C(O)OR9, alkyl, haloalkyl, xe2x80x94Nxe2x95x90C(R10)(R11) alkylthiocarbonyl and amino, R12NHxe2x80x94 or R13R14Nxe2x80x94 may be prepared by methods described in one or more of International Publications Numbers WO 94/21606, WO 93/06089 and WO 87/03781, European Patent Publication Numbers EP 0295117, EP 511845, EP 403309 and EP 403300, and Hatton et al U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,940, and German Patent Publication No. DE 19511269.
According to a further feature of the present invention compounds of general formula (I) wherein Z represents OR9 may be prepared by methods described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,047,550 and 4,918,085.
According to a further feature of the present invention compounds of formula (I) in which the substituent Z is hydrazino, 1H-pyrrol-1-yl or 1H-pyrazol-1-yl may be prepared according to the procedures described in EP 0352944. The synthesis of higher oxidation states of the compounds of formula (I), i.e., compounds in which m is 1 or 2, can be achieved by oxidation of the corresponding compounds in which m is 0 or 1.
Intermediates of formula (II) may be prepared by known methods (see for example the above listed references).
Certain compounds of formula (I) are novel and as such constitute a further feature of the invention.
Intermediates of formula (IV) wherein R represents alkyl may be prepared by the reaction of compounds of formula (II) with an alcohol of formula ROH where R is alkyl. The alcohol is usually employed in excess as the solvent but a co-solvent such as tetrahydrofuran may be present. The reaction is generally carried out in the presence of a base such as sodium alkoxide at a temperature of from 0xc2x0 C. to 100xc2x0 C.
Intermediates of formula (V) wherein R1 represents hydrogen or aLkyl may be prepared by known methods for example as described in WO 8703781 and EP 295117. For example where R1 represents hydrogen by the reaction of the corresponding compound of formula (II) with diisobutylaluminium hydride, and where R1 represents alkyl by the reaction of the corresponding compound of formula (II) with an organometallic reagent of formula R1Q in which Q represents for example Mgxe2x80x94Cl or lithium in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran.
Compounds of formula (IV) are novel and as such constitute a further feature of the invention.
Certain compounds of formula (V) are novel and as such constitute a further feature of the invention.
Intermediates of formula (III) are known or may be prepared by known methods.
According to a further feature of the present invention compounds of general formula (I bis) in which R19 is amino may be prepared by the reaction of a compound of formula (II bis):
with a compound of formula (III bis):
H2NNR26Y1xe2x80x83xe2x80x83(III bis)
in which Y and A are defined above. The reaction is generally performed using an acid salt of A compound of formula (III bis) for example the hydrochloride salt and in the presence of a base for example pyridine or an alkali metal carbonate (such as sodium carbonate) or an alkali metal acetate (such as sodium acetate) or ammonium acetate in a solvent such as methanol and/or water at a temperature from 0xc2x0 C. to 100xc2x0 C.
According to a further feature of the present invention compounds of general formula (I bis) wherein R19 is amino may be prepared by the reaction of a compound of formula (IV bis):
wherein R represents alkyl, with a compound of formula (III bis). The reaction is generally performed using an using an acid salt of a compound of formula (III bis), for example the hydrochloride salt, and optionally in the presence of a base (for example pyridine or an alkali metal carbonate such as sodium carbonate) or an alkali metal acetate (such as sodium acetate or ammonium acetate) in a solvent such as methanol and/or water and generally at a temperature from 0xc2x0 C. to 100xc2x0 C.
According to a further feature of the present invention compounds of general formula (I bis) wherein R19 represents NR34R35 and wherein one or both or of R34 and R35 are substituted or unsubstituted alkyl may be prepared by the reaction of the corresponding compound of formula (I) wherein R19 represents amino with an alkylating agent formula R-hal where R represents alkyl and hal is chloro, bromo or iodo, preferably iodo. The reaction is usually carried out in the presence of a strong base such as potassium t-butoxide or sodium hydride in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran at a temperature from 0xc2x0 C. to 100xc2x0 C.
According to a further feature of the present invention compounds of general formula (I bis) with the above definitions wherein R19 represents hydrogen or alkyl may be prepared by the reaction of a compound of formula (V bis):
in which R19 represents hydrogen or alkyl with a compound of formula (III bis) defined above and using the same conditions as employed in the reaction of compounds of formula (II bis) with compounds of formula (III bis) above.
According to a further feature of the invention, compounds of formula (I bis) wherein Y is xe2x80x94S(O)axe2x80x2R28, xe2x80x94P(O)R29R31, xe2x80x94P(S)R29R30, xe2x80x94Si(R31)(R32)(R33), xe2x80x94C(O)R27, xe2x80x94C(S)R27, cyano or nitro may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (I bis) wherein Y1 is hydrogen, wit sulfenylating, sulfinylating, sulfonating phosphorylating, thiophosphorylating, silylating, acylating or thioacylating reagent, respectively, generally in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or sodium carbonate and generally in a solvent at a temperature generally in the range xe2x88x92100 to 100xc2x0 C.
According to a further feature of the invention for the synthesis of 5-alkylamino and dialkylamino compounds of formula (I bis) wherein R21 represents R43NHxe2x80x94 or R43R44Nxe2x80x94 in which R43 and R44 represent substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C-3 or C-6 alkenyl three basic methods are appropriate. The first method includes direct alkylation of precursor compounds of formula (I bis) in which R21 represents amino with alkylating agents. The second method involves a two-step sequence, with formation of the imino ethers, followed by a reduction. The third method of preparation is through a conjugate addition, e.g., a Michael-type addition.
The compounds of formula (II bis) wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and M are the above described substituents can be prepared by methods described in one or more of the following: WO 94/21606, WO 93/06089, WO 87/03781, WO 97/22593; European Patent Publications EP 0295117, EP 0511845, EP 0403309, EP 0403300, EP 352944, EP 780378; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,232,940, 5,047,550, 4,918,085; German Patent Publication No. 19511269; or by methods known to the skilled in the art.
The synthesis of higher oxidation states of the compounds of formula (I bis), i.e., compounds in which a, b, c, d, e or f are 1 or 2, can be achieved by oxidation of the corresponding compounds in which those variable are is 0 or 1.
Intermediates of formula (II bis) may be prepared by known methods (see for example the above listed references).
Representative Compounds of the Invention
The compounds of TABLE 1 are illustrative of some of the preferred compounds of general formula (I) wherein R3 and R5 represent hydrogen and can be prepared by the herein described methods or processes of synthesis, by the appropriate selection of reactants, conditions and procedures, which are commonly known and apparent to one skilled in the art. In Table 1 Me means methyl, Et means ethyl and where subscripts are omitted they should be present, for example CH2 means CH2.
The following EXAMPLES 1 to 17 and REFERENCE EXAMPLES 1 to 24 illustrate detailed methods of synthesis and the physical properties of representative pesticidal compounds of formula (I) (and their chemical intermediates) according to the invention. These example compounds and others prepared in a similar manner, following the detailed procedures or other methods or processes herein described, are shown in Tables 2. Additionally, one or more spectroscopic analyses (IR, H1 or F19 NMR, MS, etc.) have been performed on each compound for characterization and confirmation of the chemical structure. In the following Tables Me means methyl, Et means ethyl, 2-Tolyl means 2-methylphenyl and C2H means ethynyl.

Abstract: These compounds are found to be generally safe systemic insecticides for control of arthropod, nematode, helminth or protozoan pests including compositions and derivatives thereof.


The present invention provides a method for providing aggregate power consumption information for hundreds or thousands of data processing systems interconnected in a network. In one embodiment, a method is provided that receives power consumption information for each of the data processing systems along with time intervals associated with this information. The power consumption information is analyzed to provide the power consumption of the total number of data processing systems. This is accomplished by selectively computing total power consumption for selected time values.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to reporting aggregate (i.e., total) power consumption by numerous systems. In particular, the present invention relates to reporting aggregate power consumption by numerous data processing systems.
2. Description of the Related Art
Data centers have provided a central location to house data processing equipment including networking equipment, telecommunications equipment, and storage equipment. Such facilities have historically managed the power used by the data processing systems.
Historically, power management was accomplished by measuring the power consumed by each of the data processing systems at the same points in time, i.e., at a given point in time, the power consumed by each data processing system would be measured, and the resulting power consumption values could simply be summed to arrive at a total power consumption for the aggregation of all data processing systems at that point in time. However, as the number of data processing systems increased, this synchronized measurement activity became very difficult to accomplish. First, polling more than a few data processing systems simultaneously is very difficult. Each data processing system is typically polled by a separate thread of execution within the program doing the polling, and the number of simultaneously executing threads is limited in practice to a few dozen or a few hundred at most. Second, the power consumption information may be returned at different times because of network or system latencies. Additionally, the use of different types of data processing systems with different power measurement circuits that update at different intervals makes it very difficult, if not impossible, to synchronize any measurement of power consumption.
What is needed, therefore, is a system and method that provides the ability to measure the aggregate or total power consumed by a large number of data processing systems without requiring that each of those data processing systems be polled at the same points in time.

Aggregate power display for multiple data processing systems

International Business Machines Corporation


Provided is a portable terminal (100) which can perform pseudo push distribution and display of a message obtained in response to a request from a reader/writer from a noncontact IC card by noncontact communication which is difficult to be always connected with. A noncontact IC card, a reader/writer and information distribution method are also provided. The noncontact IC card for receiving a message transmitted from the reader/writer by noncontact communication is mounted on the portable terminal (100). The message transmitted from the reader/writer is provided with an event header wherein setting conditions for specifying a message to be displayed by the portable terminal (100) are indicated. The portable terminal is provided with a message acquiring section (103) for acquiring only a message that satisfies the setting conditions indicated on the event header, from the noncontact IC card which has received messages, and a display section (106) which displays the message acquired from the message acquiring section (103).

There are conventionally information delivery methods using a push-type information delivery technique whereby information is sent directly from a server to a portable terminal such as the user's cellular phone without the user's approach.
As a system and portable terminal or the like that carries out communication using this type of information delivery method, the "information delivery mediation system" described in Patent Document 1, "portable information device" described in Patent Document 2 and "portable terminal mounted with IC module" described in Patent Document 3 are known.
The "information delivery mediation system" described in Patent Document 1 converts, upon discovering a delivery date and time registered through an on-line channel and current date and time information stored in a computer, the information delivery contents registered in combination with the delivery date and time to e-mail data and transmits the e-mail data to the e-mail address of a cellular phone or a portable terminal registered through the on-line channel beforehand.
According to this "information delivery mediation system," it is possible to deliver information to a cellular phone or portable terminal of a specific customer on a specified date and time using an e-mail service.
Meanwhile, the "portable information device" described in Patent Document 2 changes information to be displayed on a display screen of a wrist watch type information device to publicity information which is predetermined information, advertisement information or information urging the user's action (visit to amusement facilities or the like) based on the time elapsed after a predetermined reference time set by an attraction system or the remaining time until a predetermined reference time.
This "portable information device" can effectively use the information processing function of a non-contact IC module and display publicity information or advertisement information on the display screen of the wrist watch type information device in amusement facilities such as a theme park.
Furthermore, the "portable terminal mounted with an IC module" described in Patent Document 3 is provided with a memory in which a secure element (IC module) having an IC card function stores data of a service-related state and a control section that performs control so that service-related processing is performed through non-contact communication with a service terminal provided in a predetermined place. Furthermore, the portable terminal is provided with a processing decision section that decides whether or not a change made without requesting the user for verification satisfies a condition set so as to call the user's attention and instructs a display section of the portable terminal to report to the user based on a decision that the change satisfies the condition.
Even when set to be password free, this portable terminal can report, when processing that should call the user's attention is performed through communication between a service terminal and IC module, this to the user using a user interface function of the portable terminal so as to allow the user to easily check whether or not unintended processing or an error has occurred.    Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-282684    Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-288068    Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-50262

Portable terminal, noncontact IC module, reader/writer and information distribution method


A fluid filled variable power optical lens is described that includes a substantially tubular shaped housing having in one embodiment an optically transparent elastic membrane disposed over one end thereof and a transparent plate over the second end thereof and defining a chamber for containing an optically transparent fluid and in another embodiment an optically transparent elastic membrane disposed over each end thereof and defining a chamber containing the fluid, and pump assembly for inserting or withdrawing fluid from the chamber whereby each membrane is correspondingly selectively bulged outwardly or inwardly in the shape of a convex or concave lens.

The present invention relates generally to variable power optical lenses, and more particularly to a fluid filled variable power optical lens having a focal length that can be continuously varied to provide focusing capability.
The invention provides a continuously variable power (focal length) lens comprising a generally tubular shaped chamber filled with transparent fluid with a transparent flexible membrane across one opening. As fluid is pumped into or withdrawn from the chamber the elastic membrane bulges outwardly or sags inwardly with predictable curvature in a shape defining a positive or negative optical power surface. The optical power of the lens can be continuously adjusted by selectively varying (increasing or decreasing) the fluid pressure in the chamber.
A variable power lens constructed according to the invention allows focusing of an optical device into which the lens is incorporated without the use of movable mechanical parts and allows continuous adjustment of focal length over a finite range without movable lens elements. The invention may be used in any optical application requiring lens power adjustment or focusing, such as focusing the objective lens of night vision goggles (NVG), or as auto-focusing means for eyeglasses. For example, NVGs presently include objective lenses that require manual focusing by translation of the objective lenses toward or away from the image intensifier tubes to permit viewing of objects at various distances. The device may be used in conjunction with a distance sensor to maintain good image focus as the objective distance changes. Use of a miniature fluid lens of the invention together with a distance sensor and an electromechanical pressure transducer provides an autofocus mechanism that could be retrofit to existing NVGs.
For the purpose of describing the invention and defining the scope thereof, the term "optical" or "optically" shall, in accord with customary usage, be defined herein to include only ultraviolet, visible, near infrared, mid-infrared and far infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum lying between about 0.1 to about 1000 microns (see, e.g., Optical Physics, Max Garbuny, Academic Press, N.Y., 1965, pp 1-6), and more specifically to the range of from about 0.2 micron, the approximate lower limit of operation of fine quality quartz lenses (Garbuny, p 280), to about 50 microns, the approximate upper limit of operation of long wavelength transmitting material such as thallium bromide-iodide ionic crystal (Garbuny, p 282).
It is therefore a principal object of the invention to provide a variable power optical lens.
It is another object of the invention to provide a fluid filled variable focal length, variable optical power optical lens.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a variable power optical lens which may be focused without the use of mechanical translation devices.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a fluid filled variable power optical lens for retrofitting existing optical devices.
It is yet a further object of the invention to provide a variable power optical lens for use in autofocusing devices.
These and other objects of the invention will become apparent as a detailed description of representative embodiments proceeds.

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force