A self-contained mobile walk-in cooler is disclosed. The self-contained mobile walk-in cooler is comprised of a refrigeration unit, a gasoline generator to provide power to the refrigeration unit when a permanent power source is unavailable, and a mobile carriage for quick and easy transport. The self-contained mobile walk-in cooler provides mobile and walk-in refrigeration and cooling with an easily transportable mobile carriage system.

There are many patents in existence that claim to be a "mobile cooler." Several patents in the prior art use the words mobile cooler to refer to camping coolers or picnic coolers that are portable or mobile. The myriad of these patents often disclose what is essentially a family picnic cooler enhanced with wheels, handles, tracks, rollers, drive assemblies, or the like. Such inventions do not disclose the use of a larger, mobile refrigeration cooler nor do they disclose the use of an accompanying gasoline generator as an alternative power source.
Other patents in the prior art use the term mobile cooler to refer to a large stationary walk-in cooler used for refrigeration. Such a refrigeration cooler is technically mobile, but only because it can be moved with the aid of a lifting machine. Such a device, although movable, is not easily and readily transportable. For example, coolers manufactured by U.S. Cooler, see http://www.uscooler.com, are walk-in, and are transportable to a location for use, but they are not mobile in the sense that they are on a mobile carriage to be pulled as a trailer behind a vehicle. Neither are they ready for quick and immediate use upon delivery.
Still other patents in the prior art also use the term mobile cooler to refer to a large commercial refrigeration unit for the transportation of perishables, essentially a refrigerated semi-trailer. Such devices, although useful for their intended purposes, do not provide a walk-in cooler, but rather disclose very large transportation units for moving perishables. Additionally, these devices further need a commercial trucking system driver to transport the trailers from place to place.
Many of the refrigeration units in existence are powered by either electricity or by diesel engine power. A need exists for a mobile cooler that can operate independent of any need for an electrical source or a diesel power source.
These and other problems exist. Previous attempts to solve these and other problems include the following.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,355,694, issued to Morrow et al. on Oct. 18, 1994, discloses a container cooled by air from a vehicle air conditioning system and especially adapted for use in a commercial van utilized for the delivery of perishable foods over considerable distances.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,692,100, issued to Gallagher, Jr. on Sep. 19, 1972, discloses a mobile refrigerator shipping container unit adapted for both land and sea shipment has both air-cooled and water-cooled condensers in the refrigeration system with connections which can be quick coupled to ship air exhaust and water circulating systems so that when the container is aboard ship it can utilize the ships systems including power and be relieved from operating on its own self-contained power generator which is operated only when external power is not available as during land transportation aboard a truck trailer or railroad car. The unit has other novel features and controls peculiarly adapted for use in such a container unit.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,929,061, issued to Lajeunesse on Aug. 16, 2005, discloses a self-contained, portable, computer operated, light weight, temperature controlled compartment for installation in emergency vehicles has insulated walls and a door. The compartment carries a mechanical refrigeration system having a small compressor for cooling the interior and electrical heating units providing radiant heat to the interior. The heating and cooling units are controlled by a microcomputer and temperature sensor to keep the interior within a desired range of temperature.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,792,595, issued to Willis on Feb. 19, 1974, discloses a cooling apparatus used within a transportable refrigeration compartment for preserving perishables. The apparatus includes the combination of a heat exchanger having an exit nozzle for producing and discharging a gaseous cooling medium and a venturi-type conduit. The venturi conduit comprises an exit end and a flared inlet end which is aligned longitudinally apart from the heat exchanger exit nozzle and in a predetermined spaced relationship therewith. Gas ambient to the compartment and the cooling medium being ejected from the heat exchanger can be mixed within the flared end, with the tempered mixture being exhausted through the venturi conduit exit end and into the storage compartment. To provide an induced circulation of the tempered mixture throughout the compartment, the venturi conduit flared inlet end and the heat exchanger exit nozzle may be enclosed by a hollow duct having both the front and back walls removed so as to induce an aspiration effect therein.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,961,925, issued to Rhoad on Jun. 8, 1976, discloses a portable, self-contained, refrigerated storage and transportation container for preserving perishable commodities includes an insulated storage chamber for the perishable commodities. A recirculating liquid cooling system is provided within the container and includes conduit and nozzle means disposed within the storage chamber adapted to spray a liquid coolant, such as chilled brine, directly onto the perishable commodities to maintain them at a uniform cool temperature. The sprayed liquid coolant is collected in the bottom portion of the storage chamber. A closed refrigeration system is also provided within the container and includes, in part, heat exchange means disposed within the bottom portion of the storage chamber for cooling the sprayed liquid coolant which has collected there.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,604,218, issued to Cresti on Sep. 14, 1971, discloses an insulated container for perishable goods comprises a pair of convergent passages defined by the upper wall of the container, a pair of convergent passages defined by the lower wall of the container and sets of channels open to the interior of the container formed in the respective sidewalls of the container, the channels extending between the convergent passages. When the container is filled with a load impervious to air, air is circulated through the passages and channels around the load. When the container is filled with a previous load, air is circulated through the channels and passages and passes through the load directly from one set of passages to the other.
Japanese Patent No. 7,151,439 A2, filed by Tadashi et al. and published on Jun. 16, 1995, discloses a refrigerated container for transporting frozen food.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,012,384, issued to Badalament et al. on Jan. 11, 2000, discloses a mobile container adapted for transporting perishable goods includes a front wall, a rear wall, a pair of side walls extending there between so as to define an elongated enclosure having a longitudinal axis and adapted to receive a cargo load. An air recirculation plenum is defined in the enclosure adjacent to the front wall. A refrigeration system is in fluid communication with the air recirculation plenum and is adapted to induct air at a first temperature and to exhaust air at a second temperature. A pair of air delivery plenums extends from the bulkhead along the length of the enclosure parallel to the longitudinal axis. Each of the pair of air delivery plenums is defined by a corresponding one of the pair of side walls and a plenum wall disposed spaced from the corresponding side wall and extending from the upper margins of the enclosure such that the plenum wall is adapted to be co-extensive and in abutting contact with a portion of the cargo load. The container also includes a source of pressurized air having an inlet in fluid communication with the exhausted air from the refrigeration system and an outlet in fluid communication with the pair of air delivery plenums. A return air plenum is defined between the air delivery plenums such that the cool air is supplied under pressure along the longitudinal length of the enclosure parallel to and adjacent the pair of side walls and then flows through the cargo load in a direction substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis into the return air plenum whereafter the air flows substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis back to the air recirculation plenum.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,727,352, issued to Bared et al. on Mar. 17, 1998, discloses a modular convenience store. The store has a floor and a plurality of walls extending substantially vertically from the floor, which define a perimeter of the store, which has an interior and exterior. This plurality of walls includes a front wall, a rear wall, a left wall, and a right wall. The front wall is less than or equal to sixty feet long. The rear wall is less than or equal to sixty feet long and substantially opposing the front wall. The left wall is less than or equal to fourteen feet long, and the right wall is less than or equal to fourteen feet long and substantially opposing the left wall. A roof covers the interior of the store. A front door is substantially intermediate the front wall, and a rear door is substantially intermediate the rear wall. A walk-in cooler, with an interior, is located within the interior of the store, adjacent the left and rear walls, left of the rear door, and spaced from the front wall. An exterior cooler-service door is provided for passage directly between the exterior of the store and the interior of the cooler. An interior cooler-service door is provided for passage between the interior of the cooler and the interior of the store. The store is assembleable off-site and transportable as a single unit.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,249,438, issued to Rhaney et al. on Oct. 5, 1993, discloses a mobile cooler including a compartment having pivotable wheels and a handle assembly for pulling the cooler. A pair of wheel assemblies individually pivots within recesses in the cooler from a raised to a lowered position. In the lowered position the cooler can be transported over smooth or uneven terrain. The handle telescopes partly into the compartment, and partly folds down by a pair of hinges to fit within recesses in the compartment lid. The handle length can be adjusted to suit the user.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,932,677, issued to Shustack on Jun. 12, 1990, discloses a mobile cooler having a flexible tank track for moving the cooler over sand or irregular ground surfaces. The track members of the flexible tank track are normally made of rubber and are recessed into the outermost surfaces of the side walls of the insulated container to improve appearance of the cooler and to provide minimum obstruction to other articles when the cooler is stored in trunks or other compartments of automobiles. A retractable cord, attached to a spring loaded pulley recessed into the lower front wall of the cooler, facilitates towing of the cooler from place to place in a picnic area. A vertical leveling slot in each of the front axle supports keeps the track members in maximum contact with the surface of the ground during the towing process. Conventional pivotable handles attached to the front and back walls of the insulated container allow the cooler to be easily lifted or lowered in storing or retrieving the unit from storage.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,502,656, issued to Weiss et al. on Jan. 7, 2003, discloses a selectively configurable storage container for storing and transporting items through various environments includes a housing having at least one surrounding sidewall and a bottom which defines an enclosure. The storage container also includes a motor with at least one drive assembly. The drive assembly is selectively engagable with a first member, e.g., a wheel, and is configured to move the housing relative to a first terrain, e.g., a floor. The drive assembly is also interchangeable with at least one additional member configured to move the housing relative to a different terrain or environment, e.g., sand, water, grass, etc. A steering control cooperates with the drive assembly to navigate the housing through either the first or the different terrain.
While these patents and other previous methods have attempted to solve the above mentioned problems, none have utilized or disclosed a self-contained mobile walk-in cooler that is comprised of a commercial refrigeration unit, a gasoline generator to provide power to the refrigeration unit when a permanent power source is unavailable, and a mobile carriage for quick and easy transport, as does the present invention.
Therefore, a need exists for a mobile cooler with these attributes and functionalities. The self-contained mobile walk-in cooler according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art. It can be appreciated that there exists a continuing need for new and improved mobile coolers which can be used commercially. In this regard, the present invention substantially fulfills these objectives.
The foregoing patent and other information reflect the state of the art of which the inventor is aware and are tendered with a view toward discharging the inventor's acknowledged duty of candor in disclosing information that may be pertinent to the patentability of the present invention. It is respectfully stipulated, however, that the foregoing patent and other information do not teach or render obvious, singly or when considered in combination, the inventor's claimed invention.


A structure of a pull adjustable catch for a drawer slide including an adjustable catch outfitted at the front end of the slide track and a turning knob in which the adjustable catch swings when the slide track is being pulled outwardly from the drawer. The adjustable catch has the curved flange and a retaining stud mounted on center of one side. A terminal end of the adjustable catch has a retaining spring to be caught between two stops fo the bumper mounted at the front end of the slide track. The turning knob provides a guide groove for the retaining stud to move along at a curved angle. While the operator turns the turning knob, the guide groove leads the displacement of the retaining stud, limiting the retaining spring moving between two stops of the bumper.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a new technology pertaining to the adjustable catch for the drawer slide.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 1 shows a pulling adjustable catch illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 6,497,464 in which the adjustable catch 3′ is installed at the front end of the slide track 1′, a retaining block 4′ which is permitted to swing at a certain angle with the catch 3′. There is a dented bumper 5′ at the front end of the outer slide panel 2. The inner rim of the bottom of the catch 3′ has a catch tail 31′ with a section of teeth 32′. The retaining block 4′ has a stop pin 41′ with one ball end touching the catch tail 31′ of the catch 3′ and one tooth end 42′ meshed to the teeth section 32′ of the catch 3′ permitting multi-stage angular regulation of swing. When the angle is properly adjusted till the flange 43′ falls into the dented bumper 5′ of the outer slide panel 2′, the pulling force to pull outward of the drawer slide 1′ is therefore set up.
It is sure that this design of adjustable catch will achieve the predetermined pulling force for pulling outward the slide track 1′, however, the swing angular adjustment of the retaining block 4′ within the adjustable catch 3′ is troublesome, requiring special tool and strength, inconvenient for general operators.

Structure of pull adjustable catch for drawer slide


A parking brake system pneumatically actuates an air cylinder to mechanically lock a wheel brake in an applied position in response to a parking demand request. The parking brake system includes a dual hand control that has an electronic control element and a pneumatic control element. The electronic control element communicates with an electronic braking system control unit and the pneumatic control element communicates with a parking brake air reservoir. When the dual hand control is moved to a park position, the electronic control element generates an electronic control signal that applies a parking brake force to the wheel brake. The pneumatic control element generates an air signal that is sent to the air cylinder. The air cylinder includes an extendable shaft that supports a lock member. The air signal moves the lock member into engagement with a brake operating member to lock the wheel brake in the applied condition. The wheel brake remains locked even if pressure is released or leaks from the air chamber. When a release command is initiated, the electronic control unit actuates the wheel brake to unload the lock member and return the air cylinder to an unlocked position.

The subject invention relates to a parking brake system for a vehicle having an electronic braking system where the parking brake system includes a dual hand control that includes electronic and pneumatic elements to actuate a latching cylinder to mechanically lock a service brake in a parked condition.
Traditionally, heavy commercial vehicles utilize spring actuators to provide the energy needed for parking. Typically, a hand operated lever or handle is moved by an operator into a park position, which causes the spring actuators to be applied. A valve that works on an inverse air principle controls the spring actuators. The valve releases air pressure in response to a parking command, to allow the spring force of the spring actuators at each wheel to apply the brake. During vehicle operation, i.e. under normal driving conditions when parking is not required, the air pressure in the system is sufficient to overcome the spring force in the spring actuators allowing free rotation of the wheel.
One disadvantage with this conventional parking system is that the spring actuators are bulky, heavy, and expensive. This system is especially disadvantageous on front steering axles where packaging space is at a premium. In certain axle configurations, it is not possible to install the spring actuators because there is simply not enough room.
Thus, there is a need for a parking brake system that eliminates the spring actuators while still providing a pneumatically controlled and mechanically lockable park brake that can operate in an electronically controlled parking brake system.

Pneumatically actuated parking brake for electronic braking system


A method for authenticating an object is provided. The method comprises optically encoding an authentication image to produce an encoded image and applying the encoded image to an object in a layer of non-visible indicia to form a non-visible encoded image. The non-visible encoded image may be rendered visible and decoded to allow the authentication image to be viewed.

The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for authenticating objects.
Every year, the sale of counterfeited goods is responsible for tens of millions of dollars in losses for U.S. and foreign companies. Goods, such as food products, consumer products, textiles and other items, are produced illegally by counterfeit operations that then sell them on the black market. These counterfeit goods may be passed along to legitimate retailers as goods originating from the known manufacturer even though they are false. Many companies have attempted to solve this problem by spot checking supplies/inventories of goods that have made their way into the hands of legitimate retailers. Nonetheless, these attempts have not been successful in stopping the problem because it is often impractical to check large volumes of goods that may be stored in a given warehouse, for example.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

System and method for authenticating objects using non-visually observable encoded indicia


A method and apparatus for production of cellulose based fuel pellets from wood logs includes steps of comminuting the wood logs to particulate wood material. The particulate material heat treated in a reactor and the pressure is reduced in a manner causing defibration of the particulate material. The material is pelletized using the softened lignin at least partially as a binder for the pellets. The comminution of the wood logs is effected as a single-step operation in which the wood logs are charged to a comminution station where at least one rotating drum provided with cutting teeth is arranged in a manner to fully comminute the wood logs. The particulate material may be fractioned and a selected size fraction used for the further treatment.

The disclosure relates to production of fuel pellets and a related apparatus for production of cellulose based fuel pellets.
Cellulose based fuel pellets have been known for some decades. Due to an increasing focus on sustainability in energy production, use of cellulose based pellets has been suggested and attempted in industrial combustion plants mainly designed for coal. For a little more than a decade, various attempts have been made to increase the energy content in such cellulose based fuel pellets to make them more competitive compared with coal and thus more suitable for use in a combination with coal or as an alternative to coal in industrial combustion plants for production of electricity.
Some alternative processes have been developed to produce energy enhanced cellulose based fuel pellets, also called black pellets, where cellulose containing materials, mostly wood and waste from wood industry, have been comminuted, subjected to heat treatment and pelletized with a controlled low moist content. One highly interesting process for such heat treatment is referred to as steam explosion.
An area which has received somewhat less interest, but is also of importance in relation to cellulose based pellets productions and in particular high energy black pellets, is the process of comminuting the cellulose material. It is of importance that the comminution is conducted in an energy efficient manner, in a time-efficient manner, with a controlled particle size and preferably in a manner reducing the need for large storage volumes still maintaining the ability of continuous production.
In previous processes, there has been little control of the particle size and in particular the particle size distribution of the cellulose containing material charged to the steam explosion process or other adequate process for the heat treatment preceding the palletisation. This is due to a number of factors, partly that cellulosic materials of different origin and different physical properties have been mixed prior to the heat treatment, various types of equipment being used for the comminution of the different kinds of materials, partly that little emphasize has been directed to this part of the process.
When there is a high degree of variation in the particle size, it is hard to know how severe the heat treatment should be in order to obtain the desired property in the material. Moderate conditions applied to large particles may lead to insufficient softening of the lignin material while more severe conditions applied to small particles may lead to undesired decomposition of the material, undesired high energy consumption and release of toxic gases or gases with unpleasant odours.
A method for production of fuel pellets from biological materials such as sawdust, wood or similar, using steam explosion technique, is described by WO 2006/006863. The manner in which the sawdust or the like is produced is not commented or discussed in any detail in this publication.
The standard process for producing particles suitable of being pelletized from wood logs is a two step downsizing comprising:                log chipping by mean of a disk or a drum chipper, obtaining chips having a typical size of 20-50 mm×20-50 mm×3-15 mm        chips milling by mean of hammer mills or knife ring mills, obtaining typical particle size of 5-50 mm×0.2-5 mm×0.2-5 mm.
Processes for wood chopping are known e.g. from U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,942,675, 3,061,207, 4,317,544, and 2,299,248.

Method and apparatus for production of cellulose based fuel pellets


A deviation angle detector enlarges the application range by enlarging the detectable deviation angle range. The deviation angle detector has two resolvers, which have rotors, stators, and single excitation windings and multiple output windings that are coiled around the stators. The difference in rotation angles of the resolvers is detected as a deviation angle Δθ by calculating the output signal that corresponds to the rotation angles of the resolvers digitally or in analog. The corresponding output windings of the resolvers are connected in series and the output signals are extracted from the serially connected output windings and calculated digitally or in analog.

The present invention relates to deviation angle detectors, and particularly one in which the difference in the rotation angles of two resolvers is detected as a deviation angle.
Conventional deviation angle detectors include a rotor, a stator, and a single excitation winding and multiple output windings, which are coiled around the stator. The difference in the rotation angles of the resolvers is detected as a deviation angle by calculating the output signal that corresponds to the rotation angles of the resolvers digitally or in analog. For example, a typical deviation angle detector is used as a means to find a transmission torque by detecting the distortion angle of a power transmission angle. An example of such a deviation angle detector is discussed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publications H11-321689 and 2001-272204.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show conventional examples of a deviation angle detector.
The deviation angle detector 100 shown in FIG. 4 includes two resolvers (variable reluctance resolvers) VR1 and VR2. Resolver VR1 includes rotor 110, stator 111, and single excitation windings (not shown) and multiple output windings 112 and 113 that are coiled around stator 111. Resolver VR2 includes rotor 120, stator 121, and single excitation windings (not shown) and multiple output windings 122 and 123 that are coiled around stator 121. The output signals Es1 and Es2 (sine signals) and Ec1 and Ec2 (cosine signals) from the output windings 112, 113 and 122, 123 from each of the resolvers VR1 and VR2 are input to each of the R/D converters (resolver digital converters) 114 and 124 and digitized. Then, the digitized signals are input to the controller 140 and calculated. Thus, the deviation angle Δθ is calculated as the difference of the rotation angles θ1 and θ2 of the rotors 110 and 120 of each of the resolvers VR1 and VR2.
However, deviation angle detector 100 employs a method in which each of the output signals Es1, Es2 and Ec1, Ec2 are separately calculated (can be an analog calculation) by using two resolvers VR1 and VR2, and therefore it requires two R/D converters 114 and 124, and consequently, there have been problems in terms of cost, space, processing speed, etc.
Therefore, as with deviation angle detector 200 shown in FIG. 5, a method has been proposed in which each of the output windings 212, 222 and 213, 223 that correspond to each of the resolvers VR1 and VR2 is connected in parallel. The output signals Es1 and Es2 (sine signals) and Ec1 and Ec2 (cosine signals) that correspond to the difference in rotation angles (deviation angle) Δθ is extracted from the connected portion. Then, the output signals are input to the R/D converter 230. Next, the digitized signal from the R/D converter 230 is input to the controller 240. Thus, the deviation angle Δθ is calculated. According to this method, only one R/D converter 230 is required, and thus, the above-mentioned problem is solved.
However, with the deviation angle detector 200 shown in FIG. 5, the maximum deviation angle Δθ that can be detected with high precision is ±22.5° (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication 2001-272204). Therefore, a problem with conventional deviation angle detectors is that the application range of the detector 200 is limited.

Two-resolver deviation angle detector having serially connected output windings


A method of selecting an object by using a multi-touch, by which the object displayed on a screen of an electronic device is selected, is provided. The method includes determining whether at least two touches are input to a touch screen of an electronic device, determining a reference point from touch points where the at least two touches have been input, when it is determined that the at least two touches have been input, tracking a path along which the determined reference point is moved, as the at least two touch points are moved on the touch screen, and selecting at least one object corresponding to the moving path of the reference point on a screen displayed on the touch screen.

As the number and complexity of services and functions provided by a mobile device (e.g., a smart phone) has increased, so too has the use of these features. To support many of these features, most mobile devices are now provided with a Graphic User Interface (GUI) using a touch screen. Further, diverse applications executable in the mobile device have been developed in order to enhance an effective value of the mobile device, and satisfy various needs of users.
Basic applications that are manufactured by device manufacturing companies and installed in the devices, and additional applications that are downloaded from various websites through the internet may be stored and executed in the mobile device. The additional applications may be developed by general developers and registered in the various websites.
A variety of methods may be used for selection of an object (e.g., a text, an image, an image list, or the like) that is being displayed on a screen in an electronic device such as a mobile device (e.g., a smart phone) including a touch screen. For example, a specific object displayed on the screen may be selected using an object selection mode in a separate sub-menu of an executed application. In another method, an object selection mode may be entered through inputting a specific key. However, in these object selecting methods, a separate menu must be selected in order to switch to the object selection mode, and additional operations must be performed in order to select the object after selection of a mode switching function.
Switching to the object selection mode may also be performed by touching desired characters for a long time for the sake of selecting a specific text among currently displayed objects on a screen. That is, an area including the desired characters is blocked and displayed when a specific area including the characters is touched for a long time. At this time, a user may select the characters by dragging indicators that are separately displayed at start and end portions of the displayed area. However, since the user must maintain the touch for a long time in order to make the selection, the user finds difficulty in rapidly selecting the object. Moreover, since the user must drag the indicators, which are displayed having a small size on the screen, for the sake of designating a selection area even after switching to the object selection mode, the method is inconvenient for selecting a text area.
Accordingly, an object selecting method, in which a variety of objects displayed on a screen can be immediately selected by one touch without an unnecessary process for the sake of switching to the object selection mode, is needed.
The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the present disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the present disclosure.

Apparatus, method, and computer readable recording medium for selecting object by using multi-touch with related reference point


A focus layer jump control circuit may include a signal processing block that converts an analog focus error (FE) signal into a digital FE signal, in response to the analog FE signal and a FE selection signal; a layer jump control block that outputs a second control signal, in response to the digital FE signal and a reference clock signal; a focus main filter block that outputs first and second compensation signals that amplify the digital FE signal and that compensate for a phase of the digital FE signal, in response to an internal selection signal; an exponent signal generator that generates an exponent signal, in response to a focus layer jump indicating signal and a first control signal; and an output circuit that outputs a first-order difference signal using the exponent signal, the first compensation signal, and the second compensation signal, in response to the second control signal.

1. Field
Example embodiments relate to optical discs. Also, example embodiments relate to focus layer jump control circuits of optical discs and methods of controlling focus layers jumps used by the focus layer jump control circuits.
2. Description of Related Art
To obtain data written in a pit of an optical disc, a laser beam is projected to the optical disc and light reflected from the projected laser beam is picked up. The picked up, reflected light is converted into a radio frequency (RF) signal using an optical element such as a photo diode. A tracking error (TE) signal, a focus error (FE) signal, and an information signal are extracted from the RF signal. The TE signal controls an actuator driver to follow a track of the optical disc. The FE signal controls a focus actuator driver that controls a focus actuator in an exact position so that a focus of the projected laser beam on the optical disc can be adjusted.
The optical disc arranges pits in a layer located at a specific depth from the surface thereof. A dual-layer optical disc arranges pits in at least two layers, each having a different depth from the surface thereof, and writes data in one of the at least two layers, thereby increasing an amount of writing in the optical disc. Unlike the optical disc that writes data in one layer, the dual-layer optical disc requires a layer-jump operation. That is, to reproduce data written in the two layers, the dual-layer optical disc must layer jump from one layer to the other layer.
FIG. 1 is a waveform for generating a kick/brake signal in performing a related art layer jump using a FE signal. Referring to FIG. 1, if a layer jump command is applied, a S-shaped curve of the FE signal is used to generate a kick signal and a brake signal for driving a focus actuator.
The kick signal and the brake signal are indicated as a signal in the bottom of FIG. 1. The kick signal with a voltage level VK provides physical force to the focus actuator to move the focus actuator. The brake signal with the voltage level VB suppresses the physical force applied to the focus actuator.
When a layer of an optical disc is tracked, if a layer jump command (L/J) is applied to enable the kick signal, a waveform of the FE signal changes according to the motion of the focus actuator in response to the kick signal.
The change of the FE signal is smaller from the center line when the FE signal performs tracking. If the layer jump command (L/J) is applied to enable the kick signal, the width of the change of the FE signal increases according to the motion of the focus actuator in response to the kick signal.
If a S-shaped waveform of the FE signal in the bottom of the center line is formed in layer 0, and a S-shaped waveform of the FE signal in the upper of the center line is formed in layer 1, the layer jump command (L/J) indicates a jump from the layer 0 to the layer 1.
A time period where a magnitude of the FE signal is greater than or equal to a magnitude of a first reference voltage V1 until the magnitude of the FE signal is smaller than a magnitude of a second reference voltage V2 is a first time period T1. When the magnitude of the FE signal is smaller than the magnitude of the second reference voltage V2, the kick signal is disabled. Thus, the kick signal is enabled during a second time period T2. The focus actuator moves using a force supplied according to the kick signal after the kick signal is disabled. A time period where the focus actuator moves is a time from when the kick signal is disabled until the magnitude of the FE signal is greater than a magnitude of a fourth reference voltage V4. The time period is a third time period T3.
The brake signal is enabled from an end of the third time period T3 until a fourth time period T4 having a length equal to one half of the first time period T1 (i.e., T4=T1/2). When the magnitude of the FE signal is smaller than a magnitude of a fifth reference voltage V5, after the fourth time period T4, the layer jump is completed and a light pickup is changed to a pull-in mode.
The third time period T3 must be narrowed. A reference value T_ref used to determine a voltage level VB of the brake signal is a time period twice as long as the third time period T3 (i.e., T_ref=2*T3).
The voltage level VB of the brake signal is determined based on a comparison value COMPARE obtained by equation (1).COMPARE=T3−T_ref  (1)
Wherein the comparison value COMPARE denotes a difference in time between the third time period T3 and the reference value T_ref.
A jump from the layer 1 to the layer 0 will now be described.
If the comparison value COMPARE is smaller than 0, the voltage level VB of the brake signal is set to a previously set maximum value. If a value obtained (by subtracting a value obtained by multiplying data stored in an address 0 with data stored in an address 20 from the comparison value COMPARE) is greater than 0, the voltage level VB of the brake signal is set to the previously set reference value. In addition, a value stored in data of an address COMPARE+0×E0 is set to the voltage level VB of the brake signal. 0×E0 denotes a value obtained by multiplying the data stored in the address 0 with data stored in an address E0.
When a jump is performed from the layer 0 to the layer 1, if the comparison value COMPARE is smaller than 0, the voltage level VB of the brake signal is set to a previously set minimum value. If a value obtained (by subtracting a value obtained by multiplying the data stored in the address 0 with the data stored in the address 20 from the comparison value COMPARE) is greater than 0, the voltage level VB of the brake signal is set to the previously set reference value. In addition, a value stored in data of the address COMPARE+0×E0 is set to the voltage level VB of the brake signal.
The kick signal and the brake signal used for the layer jump of a related art digital versatile disc (DVD) dual disc have pulse waveforms, and thus have the following disadvantages.
1. Since a focus kick signal has a pulse waveform, it is difficult to control the accelerating force of the actuator.
2. Since the brake signal has the pulse waveform, if brakes controlled by the brake signal are too strong, the focus actuator can be returned to an original layer. If brakes controlling the brake signal are too weak, the focus actuator can be returned to a new layer but a focus pull-in can be impossible.
3. If a layer is off track after the layer jump, no focus-range signal is input and no control is performed. Therefore, since the focus pull-in must be performed again, a screen temporarily stops reproduction of the dual-layer optical disc.

Focus layer jump control circuits and methods of controlling focus layer jumps used by the same


A method of treating fungal infections by treatment with CAP37 peptides and derivatives thereof, including peptide analogs having serine or threonine substitutions at least one of the two cysteine residues therein. Other substitutions of the amino acid residues of the peptide are also contemplated.

CAP37 (cationic antimicrobial protein of Mr 37 kDa) was originally identified as a component of the oxygen-independent killing mechanism of the human neutrophil (PMN) and was demonstrated to have strong bactericidal activity for Gram negative organisms including Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Shafer et al., 1984; Shafer et al., 1986; Spitznagel 1990). Distinct from its effect on bacteria the native CAP37 protein has potent regulatory effects on host cells. It is an effective regulator of cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system such as monocytes (Pereira et al., 1990), microglia (Pereira et al., 2002) and macrophages (Larrick et al., 1991). It also regulates corneal epithelial (Ruan et al., 2002), endothelial (Lee et al., 2002; Lee et al., 2003) and smooth muscle cell functions (Gonzalez et al., 2004).
Structure function analysis of CAP37 enabled us to delineate its antibacterial domain to a region corresponding to residues 20 through 44 of the native molecule (Pereira et al., 1993). A peptide comprising this 25 amino acid sequence (CAP37(20-44)nat) mimicked the antimicrobial activity of the native molecule (Pereira et al., 1993) and extended its range of activity to encompass Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, two Gram positive organisms. The bactericidal activity of the peptide was pH dependent, with maximum activity obtained between pH 5.0 and 5.5. Replacement of the cysteine residues at positions 26 and 42 with serine residues (CAP37(20-44)ser26/42) resulted in an inactive compound (Pereira et al., 1993). In vivo experiments demonstrated the efficacy of CAP37(20-44)nat in attenuating the lethal effects of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a conscious rat model of endotoxic shock (Bracket et al., 1997).
Infections due to the various Candida species can result in disease manifestations ranging from self limiting superficial infections to life threatening systemic infections (Nola et al., 2003). In the recent past there has been a dramatic increase in invasive fungal infections and Candida species are beginning to contribute substantially to serious hospital acquired infections (Clark and Hajjeh, 2002; Hobson 2003, Nola et al., 2003; Rapp 2004). The reasons for this are complex but can be attributed in major part to the latest advances in medicine leading to the increased survival of immunocompromised persons and the use of indwelling medical devices and catheters for treatment of hospitalized patients (Clark and Hajjeh 2002; Nola et al., 2003). The developing incidence of resistance to available anti-fungal drugs further compounds the clinical and public health problems associated with mycotic infections. New drugs having anti-fungal activity are needed. It is to this object that the present invention is directed.

Antifungal peptides and methods of use thereof

The Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma


An image detection apparatus includes a color filter for receiving light and for passing luminance components and color components of the light. The color filter has first and second lines which filter elements for luminance components disposed in each line and offset from filter elements for luminance components in an adjacent line, the first line including filter elements for two color components, and the second line including filter elements for a single color component. An image sensor unit receives the luminance and color components passed by the color filter, and outputs signals corresponding to the respective luminance components and color components. A signal processing unit receives the signal output by the image sensor unit, and generates a color difference signal from the received signals.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an image signal processing apparatus. It has particular application to an image signal processing apparatus having an image pickup device and a color filter.
2. Description Related Art
In the prior art there is known an image pickup device which has a stripe color filter or a mosaic color filter and also there is known an image pickup device which has a "Bayer type" mosaic color filter as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3971,065.
In the Bayer type filter, the filter portions "Y" that pass luminance component of light are arranged offset in adjacent lines as shown in FIG. 2. Accordingly by adopting the Bayer type filter, the image pickup apparatus can achieve better resolution because it has a finer effective pitch for the Y filter portions. The finer effective pitch arises because the horizontal positions of the Y filter portions in one line are offset from the horizontal positions of the Y filter portions in the next line, and taking the two lines together a Y filter portion pitch can be achieved which is twice as fine as the pitch for one line alone.
However, in the above prior art Y filter portions have higher transparency than R or B filter portions, with the result that the image sensor tends to saturate more easily behind the Y filter portions than behind other filter portions. When the Y sensor portions saturate before other color sensor portions, false color signals tend to result, which is undesirable.
In order to solve this problem the color filter such as shown in FIG. 3 is known.
By adopting this kind of filter, color reproduction is improved, ut on the other hand spatial resolution tends to be reduced because the G signal replaces the Y signal in the output of the sensor. The Y signal can be obtained from the R, G and B signals, but the increase in effective Y resolution from the Bayer type filter is lost. This applies especially to an image having very little G signal, such as a predominantly red image.

Image signal processing apparatus having a color filter with offset luminance filter elements


Disclosed is a stent for a vessel implanted and left in the vessel of a living body to support the lumen of the vessel from inside. The stent for a vessel consists of a plurality of stent constituting members (4a and 4b), formed by combining a plurality of the tubular-body constituting elements (5a and 5b) in multistage, each of the tubular-body forming elements (5) comprising a part of a tubular member (2) is formed by bending a yarn (3) of a biodegradable polymer in a zigzag design. Each of stent constituting members (4a and 4b) is comprised with tubular segments (6) formed by combining the tubular-body forming elements (5a and 5b) facing each other, and by continuously joining at least neighboring parts of each tubular-body forming element (5a and 5b) together, to comprise a continuously joined tubular body (2).

Heretofore, if a stenosis has occurred in a vessel of a living body, in particular the blood vessel, such as artery, a balloon forming portion provided in the vicinity of the distal end of a balloon catheter is inserted into this stenosis portion, and the wrapped balloon forming portion is inflated to expand the stenosis portion of the blood vessel to improve the blood flow in the vessel. This operation is termed percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).
However it has been known, if the PTA is applied, stenosis tends to be reproduced at a high probability in the once stenosis portion.
To prevent this restenosis, the technique of implanting a tubular stent in the site applied PTA has been used. This stent is inserted into the blood vessel as it is contracted in diameter, and subsequently expanded so as to be implanted in the blood vessel to support the blood vessel wall from its inside, and to prevent occurrence of restenosis in the blood vessel.
As such sort of the stent, a stent comprised a tubular metal member provided with an incision to permit its expansion or contraction in diameter has been known.
Metal stent may cause a reaction against a foreign substance by remaining for a prolonged time in a living body. Hence, it is not desirable or proper to remain metal stent in the living body semi-permanently. Moreover, surgical operations are needed to remove the metal stent once the stent is implanted in the living body, thus imposing a severe load on the patient.
To solve such inherent problem with the metal stent, the present inventor has proposed a stent formed of a biodegradable polymer in Patent Publications of WO92/15342 and WO00/13737. A stent formed of a biodegradable polymer has also been proposed in JP Laid-Open Patent Publication H-11-57018.
Recently, many reports have been made on the effect of a so-called drug eluting stent, which a drug is locally released from a stent implanted in the living body to restrain hyperplasia of neointima. The present inventor has proposed in the Publication of WO2004/028615 a so-called drug eluting stent in which a drug is locally released from to restrain hyperplasia of neointima.


A PowerPC based Network Operating System Loadable Module (NOSLM) is concatenated onto an Intel-based NOSLM and offsets are adjusted to account for the size of the Intel-based NOSLM. The resulting enlarged NOSLM appears as a typical Intel-based NOSLM to Intel-based servers. When the enlarged NOSLM is loaded by PowerPC-based servers, the offsets are used to point the server to the beginning of the PowerPC-based NOSLM code and the Intel-based NOSLM is interpreted as a machine-specific header.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to the field of Network Operating System Loadable Modules used in network servers running with a network operating system such as NetWare. In particular, the present invention describes methods for creating Network Operating System Loadable Modules capable of being loaded on network servers utilizing various processors.
2. Description of Related Art
Networking is one of the major information technology trends of the 1990's. Network Operating Systems (NOSs), once merely a solution for allowing a number of personal computers to use a common printer, are the backbone of such systems, and provide for the sharing of resources and data across a network. Traditional NOSs relied on a central dedicated server which held all of the network common data files and provided access to shared network resources. More modern NOSs, however, interwork across a network.
A multitude of NOSs exist in the art. One well-known NOS is the NetWare collection, available from Novell Corporation of Provost, Utah Although several versions of NetWare operating systems are available, each share two common features: the NetWare shell (software running in the client computer which controls access to the network and its resources) and the core NetWare operating system (running in one or more computer system servers and managing and controlling access to the network common data and resources).
It is known in the art that if a network operating system were to provide for all conceivable functions, it would require more memory than is realistically available on a typical server. Tailoring the NOS to the specific network environment in which it is operating by only adding those NOS functions which are appropriate overcomes this problem. The approach adopted in the prior art has been to supply core NOSs that handle essential server operating functions and provide "hooks" for additional applications required by individual networks. In the early development of these NOSs, the applications which were built on these "hooks" were generically known as value-added processes (VAPs). A variety of VAPs, including communication services, gateway services, and offload processing operations have become available.
More recently, with the development of new NOSs running on new processors, VAPs have been replaced by Network Operating System Loadable Modules (NOSLMs). Like VAPs, NOSLMs are integral components of a network, providing additional functions not supported by the core NOS. NOSLMs, as second generation products, contain features that were not previously available in VAPs. For example, NOSLMs can be easily unloaded and therefore do not take up any memory when not required.
As networks grow in size and complexity, they generally require more than one server. For example, dedicated print servers might be used so that separate file servers need not bother with print requests. It is equally apparent that, as technology advances are made, the various servers supporting a network might be based on different types of processors. For example, some servers might be based on x86/Pentium processors, available from Intel Corporation of Santa Clara, Calif., while others are based on PowerPC processors, available from Motorola, Inc. of Schaumberg, Ill. This presents a problem in that NOSLMs designed for use for use on Intel-based servers (i.e., those servers utilizing an x86/Pentium processor) are not compatible with servers based on the PowerPC. Thus, the owner of a network comprising both types of servers is forced to purchase two copies (one for the Intel-based servers and one for the PowerPC-based servers) of the same NOSLM if that NOSLM is to be resident on both types of servers. A related problem, this time from the NOSLM vendor's point of view, is that two sets of packaging, inventories, etc. must be maintained.
The incompatibility problem arises because of the manner in which NOSLMs are produced. As is familiar to those skilled in the art, NOSLMs are generally written in a high-level source code. The server processor cannot understand the source code version of the program, so the source code is compiled into object code for loading on the server. The object code for an Intel-based server will be different than that for a PowerPC-based server. Hence, the NOSLM which is compiled for the Intel-based server cannot be used on the PowerPC-based server and vice-versa. While enlarged computer programs containing compiled code for two different types of processors have existed, such programs are not available for network loadable modules for network operating systems. Accordingly, there exists a need to provide a method of generating a single NOSLM which can be loaded on either type of server.

Processor independent network operating system loadable modules


A method is disclosed for mitigating phase noise at high frequencies in 5G and 6G. Quadrature modulation schemes, in which orthogonal branches are amplitude modulated, are susceptible to phase noise which rotates the branches, causing demodulation faults. Disclosed is a single-branch reference signal that can mitigate phase noise. The transmitter can transmit a particular resource element having a normal amplitude in one branch, and zero amplitude in the orthogonal branch. The receiver can then measure the amplitudes of the particular resource element as-received (with phase noise), and determine a phase rotation angle according to a ratio of the two branch amplitudes. The receiver can then correct the branch amplitudes of each message element, and thereby negate the effect of the phase noise. The disclosed procedures can thereby make high-frequency, high-reliability communication feasible, at extremely low cost.

Wireless communication at very high frequencies, such as tens to hundreds of GHz, is needed for the massively increased demand in bandwidth and throughput expected in 5G and 6G. However, phase noise is an increasing problem at higher frequencies, preventing full usage of the bandwidth for messaging. What is needed is means for mitigating the phase noise so that the promise of high-speed messaging at high frequencies can be at least partially realized.
This Background is provided to introduce a brief context for the Summary and Detailed Description that follow. This Background is not intended to be an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter nor be viewed as limiting the claimed subject matter to implementations that solve any or all of the disadvantages or problems presented above.

Single-branch reference for high-frequency phase tracking in 5G and 6G


A method for forming a metal-containing layer on a substrate is disclosed. A slurry of the metal is first deposited on the substrate; followed by heating to remove volatile material from the slurry, and to form a layer of the metal. In another embodiment, a slurry of aluminum is deposited over the slurry of the metal, before or after the metal has been heat-treated to some degree. A diffusion heat treatment results in a coating which includes the noble-metal aluminide compound. Related articles are also disclosed.

This invention relates generally to coatings for substrates. More particularly, it is directed to methods for applying protective coatings on substrates employed in high temperature.
High-performance alloys are often the materials of choice for various components which are exposed to high-temperature environments. As an example, turbine blades and other parts of turbine engines are often formed of nickel-based superalloys because they need to maintain their integrity at temperatures of at least about 1000xc2x0 C.-1150xc2x0 C. In many instances, the alloys have to be covered with protective coatings which provide greater resistance to corrosion and oxidation at high temperatures, as compared to the alloy itself.
A common example of a protective coating material for turbine engine blades is a metal-aluminide, such as platinum aluminide. This type of material is usually deposited in several steps. For instance, the platinum is electroplated onto the blade, using P-salt or Q-salt electroplating solutions. In the second step, the platinum layer is diffusion-treated with aluminum vapor to form platinum aluminide.
When such a protective coating becomes worn or damaged, it must be carefully repaired, since direct exposure of the underlying substrate to excessive temperature may eventually cause the component to fail and adversely affect various parts of the engine. The coatings often have to be repaired several times during the lifetime of the component. The xe2x80x9coverhaulxe2x80x9d of the protective coating usually involves complete removal of the coating, followed by the application of a new coat of the material.
In many situations, certain portions (i.e., xe2x80x9clocal areasxe2x80x9d) of the protective coating require repair, while the remainder of the coating remains intact. As an example, portions of a platinum-aluminide protective coating may become depleted in aluminumxe2x80x94especially when the component is exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere for an extended period of time. In the case of superalloy substrates, loss of aluminum from the adjacent protective coating can be detrimental to the integrity of the superalloy since, under desirable circumstances, the coating provides thermal oxidation protection at elevated use temperatures.
For selective, local repair, the traditional process of completely removing the platinum-aluminide coating is often inefficient. Such a process requires multiple electroplating steps, followed by an aluminiding process, such as, pack aluminiding. In addition to being labor-intensive and time-consuming, the traditional repair process can sometimes be detrimental to the component. For example, the repeated stripping and re-coating of protective layers may damage the substrate, xe2x80x9ceatingxe2x80x9d into its thickness and thereby changing critical dimensions of the component.
Thus, new techniques for applying metal-aluminide coatings to substrates would be welcome in the art. The techniques should be efficient and not labor-intensive. They should also be useful for coating selected portions of the substrate, such as, only those sections which require repair. Moreover, the new techniques should preserve the integrity of the substrate surface.
In one aspect, this invention is directed to a method for forming a metal-containing layer on a substrate, comprising the following steps:
(a) depositing a slurry of the metal on the substrate; and
(b) heating the metal slurry under temperature and time conditions sufficient to remove substantially all volatile material from the slurry, and to form a layer which comprises the metal.
The slurry of the metal is deposited on the substrate by various techniques, such as spraying. For purposes of this invention, the metal slurry layer is separate from aluminum metal or the aluminum slurry layer. It may be applied in multiple applications, with heat treatments between each application, to remove the volatile components. The layer of metal is then usually subjected to a diffusion heat treatment. A typical metal used in this process is platinum. The substrate is often a superalloy, such as, a nickel-based superalloy used in a turbine engine.
In another embodiment, a slurry of aluminum is deposited over the slurry of the metal, before or after the metal has been heat-treated to some degree. A diffusion heat treatment after the deposition of the aluminum results in a coating which comprises a metal-aluminide compound. The coating may also comprise a compound based on aluminide, metal and at least one metallic element in the substrate.
In still another alternative, the deposition of the metal slurry is followed by a volatile-removing heat treatment, and then a diffusion heat treatment. Aluminum is then deposited by a diffusion heat treatment of aluminum vapor.
The invention is also directed to a method for repairing a damaged or worn metal-aluminide coating applied over a substrate, comprising the following steps:
(i) removing the damaged or worn coating from a selected area on the substrate; and then
(ii) applying additional coating material over the selected area, by
(I) depositing aluminum and a slurry of the metal on the selected area, in place of the coating removed in step (i); and
(II) heating the aluminum and the slurry under temperature and time conditions sufficient to remove substantially all volatile material from the deposited aluminum and slurry, and to form a layer of metal-aluminide on the selected area. The aluminum is usually in the form of an aluminum slurry deposited on the selected area after the deposition of the slurry of the metal (such as, platinum). This method is a convenient technique for quickly and effectively repairing platinum-aluminide coatings, such as those which are not easily accessible for other repair techniques.
Related articles of manufacture are also described below, along with further details regarding the various features of this invention.

Method for applying coatings on substrates


A patterned, multi-layered thin film structure is patterned using ultra-fast lasers and absorption spectroscopy without damaging underlying layers of the layered structure. The structure is made by selecting ablatable layers based on their thermal, strength and absorption spectra and by using an ultra-fast laser programmed with the appropriate wavelength (λ), pulse width (τ), spectral width (Δλ), spot size, bite size and fluence. The end structure may have features (such as vias, insulating areas, or inkjet printed areas) patterned in the last (top) layer applied or at deeper layers within the layered structure, and can be used as components of organic light emitting didoes (OLEDs) and organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). The method of the present invention includes determining the product's specifications, providing a substrate, selecting a layer, applying the layer, patterning the layer and determining if more layers need to be added to the multi-layered thin film structure.

Yearly market projections for electronic display devices over the next five to ten years are in the tens of billions of dollars, with $20 billion anticipated in liquid crystal display (LCD) sales alone. In the same timeframe, it is expected that the market for OLEDs will be in the range of $700 million to $3 billion annually.
OLEDs are generally anticipated to overtake LCDs as the preferred display technology. This is expected because OLEDs enjoy a number of practical advantages over LCDs. Some of the most significant advantages include: 1) OLEDs project a brighter image that can be viewed from wider angles; 2) OLEDs do not require the backlight required in LCDs, which lowers the cost of manufacturing, increases reliability of performance, and improves the image intensity range, contrast, and consistency over the viewing area; 3) OLEDs require less power for equivalent image quality; 3) OLEDs are projected to be less expensive to manufacture, requiring fewer materials and roughly half the number of manufacturing steps; 4) OLEDs are designed to have a longer lifetime based on power requirements; and 5) OLEDs produce a wider spectrum of colors.
As a result, manufacturing OLEDs has become an emerging field of interest. As part of the active matrix OLED manufacturing process, circuitry such as organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) is built on the OLED device to drive the OLED, similar to other display devices. Patterning layers of organic thin film material is one of the specific manufacturing needs to accomplish this. Although the semiconductor industry has developed photolithography and etching methods for silicon wafers, these semiconductor-based methods are not viable for patterning organic materials because (1) the chemistries may be damaging to the organic materials, (2) OLEDs cannot be subjected to semiconductor vacuum processes, and/or (3) the variety of chemistries required for multiple layers may be too expensive to use, or moreover, may not exist. This is particularly true when the substrate in consideration consists of many thin layers of different types of materials. Therefore there exists a need for methods that support fabrication processes and standards for next generation organic electronic devices, for example for flexible displays.
A method of patterning organic layers on a multi-layered structure using multiple chemistry processes is found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,080,529, entitled, "A Method of Etching Patterned Layers Useful as Masking during Subsequent Etching or for Damascene Structures." However, semiconductor etches and pattern chemistries for patterning multi-layered material both adds process steps, and are expensive. In addition, a specific chemistry is selected to be effective on a specific material, and lacks versatility across multiple layers and substrates. Thus this approach both reduces the overall profitability for manufacturing the device and the ability to use the approach on other materials. Therefore there exists to provide a way to build high quality organic thin film structures, where the materials have been optimized for fabrication through a method that does not require multiple and costly semiconductor etch and pattern chemistries to achieve ablation.
A method of fabricating an electroluminescent (EL) display is found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 20030186078, entitled "Red-Green-Blue (RGB) Patterning Of Organic Light-Emitting Devices Using Photo-Bleachable Emitters Dispersed in a Common Host." The '078 patent application describes a method of fabricating organic EL displays with simplified light emitting device (LED) structures. One embodiment of the '078 patent uses a laser ablation technique to ablate away undesired organic and electrode layers patterning discrete RGB pixels adjacent to each other on the same substrate. However, the '078 patent application fails to alleviate some problems with laser ablation techniques on organic thin films. Specifically, the '078 patent application fails to provide a means of optimally selecting thin organic materials taking into consideration each organic layer's differing physical attributes such that the underlying layers are not damaged upon ablation. Therefore there exists a need to provide a way to select materials appropriate for making a layered organic thin film structure, wherein the underlying layers of the structure are not damaged upon patterning of the layers during fabrication.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide methods that support fabrication processes and standards for next generation organic electronic devices.
It is another object of the invention to provide a way to build high quality organic thin film structures, where the materials have been optimized for fabrication through a method that does not require multiple and costly semiconductor etch and pattern chemistries to achieve ablation.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a way to select materials appropriate for making a layered organic thin film structure, wherein the underlying layers of the structure are not damaged upon patterning of the layers during fabrication.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a way of making a multi-layered organic thin film structure, wherein the manufactured structure is patterned at selected and/or multiple layers of the structure.

Manufacturing method of composite sheet material using ultrafast laser pulses

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


An apparatus for measuring gravity acceleration of a drilling tool comprises sensors and a measurement circuit. The sensor comprises a three-axis gravity accelerometer, a reference measurement sensor and a temperature sensor. The three-axis gravity accelerometer measures acceleration component signals in three mutually orthogonal directions, and the reference measurement sensor generates a signal that varies with rotation and is not affected by vibration or shock to serve as a reference signal. The temperature sensor measures the temperature in the apparatus to compensate the temperature effect of the gravity accelerometers. The measurement circuit acquires output signals of the sensors and performs cross-correlation processing on the accelerometer components using the reference signal to extract gravity acceleration signals so as to eliminate centrifugal acceleration, vibration, shock and other interferences generated by rotation. The non-interference gravity acceleration signals is used for calculating an inclination angle and a toolface angle of a drilling tool in the rotating state.

Measurement While Drilling (MWD) refers to a process of measuring well trajectory parameters in real time and transmitting information to the surface by using drilling fluid, electromagnetic waves and the like as media in a drilling process. A MWD instrument likes the eyes of a directional drilling engineer and is an indispensable tool for controlling the well trajectory. In a directional drilling process, direction information of a drill bit is essential for correct drilling, accurate measurement of the direction of the drill bit can not only ensure efficient drilling for a specified target, but also avoid a risk of collision with adjacent wells. Therefore, in addition to the traditional bottom hole assembly (including a drill bit, a positive displacement motor, centralizers, drill collars, etc.), a directional drilling tool needs to use position sensors to measure downhole tool attitudes, including an azimuth angle (a drift angle on the horizontal plane with respect to the north), an inclination angle (the drift angle with respect to the vertical direction, also known as an inclination angle) and a toolface angle (equivalent to a roll angle in navigation), these position sensors and sensors for detecting the drilling engineering parameters (pressure, vibration, torque, etc.) jointly constitute a MWD system, which is installed in a non-magnetic drill collar about 10 meters away from the drill bit. The existing MWD system uses three accelerometers to measure the inclination angle and the toolface angle, and uses a three-axis fluxgate magnetometer to measure the azimuth angle in combination with the information of the inclination angle and the toolface angle measured by the accelerometers.
The existing MWD system must stop drilling for measurement, the whole drill string is static in the measurement process except for the mud circulation, this measurement mode has the advantages that the influence of rotation, vibration, shock and other factors of the drilling tool on the measurement results of the accelerometers is very small, which is conducive to improving the measurement accuracy. However, the disadvantages are that only intermittent measurement can be performed after a certain distance, measurement is generally performed once every 30 meters in actual engineering applications, the well trajectory between the measurement points can only be calculated by a mathematical method, and thus accurate well trajectory information cannot be obtained. Meanwhile, due to static measurement, the drilling operation must be stopped frequently, especially in a directional section, the drilling efficiency is seriously affected, the borehole wall stability is also affected due to the stop of the drilling, a very large torque needs to be borne in a re-rotation process of the drill string after the measurement is completed, which brings a series of problems to the drilling safety. In recent years, horizontal well development for shale gas and other unconventional oil and gas resources, latter-stage fine exploration for mature oilfield development, and the development of thin and ultra-thin layer (less than 1 meter) oil and gas reservoirs have higher and higher requirements on the well trajectory control accuracy, and the mode of intermittent measurement with drilling stopped of the existing MWD can hardly meet the requirements.
There is a conflict between the number of trajectory measurement points and the measurement efficiency of the existing MWD system, and dynamic and continuous measurement of the well trajectory has become the development trend of directional drilling measurement. For example, in a near-bit, the inclination angle MWD tool and a rotary steerable tool proposed in recent years, a three-axis gravity accelerometer is installed at positions near the drill bit to measure the inclination angle and the toolface angle, but the measurement accuracy still has a difference from that of the conventional MWD. This is because the strong vibration and strong shock downhole environment generated by the high-speed rotation of the drilling tool, cutting of rocks by the drill bit and the friction and collision between the drill string and the borehole wall brings strong interference to the measurement of the gravity acceleration in the drilling process, and a centrifugal acceleration, a vibration acceleration and a shock acceleration are superimposed on the gravity acceleration for output, therefore how to extract the gravity acceleration effectively in the interference environment is very important to improve the measurement accuracy of the inclination angle and the toolface angle.

Gravity acceleration measurement apparatus and extraction method in a rotating state

INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES


A conductive thin film device includes a substrate and a thin film structure applied to the substrate. The thin film structure is applied as a first layer and forms a one-dimensional nanomaterial networked layer deposited on the substrate. A coating layer overlays the one-dimensional nanomaterial networked layer and can be made from graphene or graphene oxide. The coating layer at least partially covers the nanomaterial networked layer, thereby forming the device as a double-layer structure.

1. Field
The present disclosure relates to thin films, silver nanowires and graphene oxide. More particularly it relates to flexible thin films with high electrical conductivity formed as one-dimensional nanomaterial networked film, which can be conductive, transparent and flexible.
2. Background
Application of electrically conducting thin films is experiencing a rapid growth with a huge number of commercial products in the market such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), plasma displays, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), flexible displays and solar cells. In any one of these applications, a thin film with high electrical conductivity is always desired. In addition to photonic applications, conductive films exhibiting high degree of thermal conductivity is desirable. Moreover, in flexible display and electronic paper applications, flexibility of the conductive film is a key factor. For solar cells, electroluminescence control elements and touch panels, transparency of the conductive film is a priority.
Conventionally, indium-tin oxide (ITO), which displays high electrical and optical performance, is the most commonly used electrical conductive thin film. These ITO films are usually deposited on a substrate by vacuum deposition or sputtering. Such deposition processes are relatively expensive and the resulting ITO films often cannot be employed in flexible devices due to their brittleness.

Electrical and thermal conductive thin film with double layer structure provided as a one-dimensional nanomaterial network with graphene/graphene oxide coating

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology


Systems and techniques to generate a term taxonomy for a collection of documents and filling the taxonomy with documents from the collection. In general, in one implementation, the technique includes: extracting terms from a plurality of documents; generating term pairs from the terms; ranking terms in each term pair based on a relative specificity of the terms; aggregating the ranks of the terms in each term pair; selecting term pairs based on the aggregate rankings; and generating a term hierarchy from the selected term pairs.

The present application describes systems and techniques relating to information retrieval (IR) techniques, for example, taxonomy generation for a document structure.
Searching information in a large collection of documents is often time-consuming. To increase the speed of the search, the document collection may be organized in a structural way, e.g., in clusters where documents of similar topics are stored together. Taxonomy generation deals with categorizing and labeling documents to satisfy a user's need for efficient document searching and retrieval.
A common approach to categorizing documents uses clustering algorithms, which group documents with similar types of contents in a cluster. After the clustering operation, a label is given to each cluster to describe the type of documents in the cluster. The ability of a user to navigate the document structure may depend on the descriptiveness of the labels. However, descriptive labels may be hard to find, if not impossible. Moreover, some of the clusters may be related to one another, and the cluster labels typically do not reflect such a relationship.

Taxonomy generation for electronic documents


A pivot-axis, pin arrangement for rifle receivers can serve as a trigger or hammer pin therefor. A lower housing has a pair of sidewalls defining a gap and with a pair of bores spaced across the gap. The outer side of one sidewall has a slightly recessed channel which is elongated between spaced ends, at least one of which is rounded and centered on the axes of the spaced bores. The pivot axis pin has a cylindrical shaft and a T-slot head style head. The head has one portion forming an annular ring while the remaining portion is elongated to an end. In use, the pin is inserted through the bores, and is ‘simply supported’ by the ends thereof in the bores therefor. The head of the pin locks against rotation merely by settling in into at least one rounded end of the recessed channel.

The invention relates to rifle receivers and, more particularly, to improvements in pivot axis pin fixtures therein. Additionally, the invention relates to a threaded assembly pin and, more particularly, to replacement of conventional roll pins for assembly of not only the bolt catch mechanism of an AR-15 firearm but also the forward assist mechanism.
The improvements of invention were inspired in particular with improving the design(s) of AR-15 lower housings, and like style of firearms. Nowadays, the features of AR-15 lower housings are typically machined from aluminum castings. After the machining operations, certain accessories are mounted to the aluminum lower housing as a subsequent assembly operation.
For example, various pivoting parts are mounted to the aluminum lower housing by means of pivot axis pins typically produced from steel, and then mounted in bores therefor bored into the receiver. Such pivoting parts include without limitation the hammer and trigger (which are mounted on laterally extending pins), the forward assist mechanism, or else bolt stop release mechanism and the like (which are typically mounted on longitudinally extending pins).
The hammer and trigger for an AR-15 lower housing are typically mounted on pins which are not intended to rotate. Hence the pins are intended to be fixtures. The hammer and trigger are mounted to pivot on these fixed pins.
The pins are preferably mounted as follows. That is, the pins typically have smooth cylindrical walls. The pins are mounted in the manner of being 'simply supported' at their opposite ends in spaced bores therefor in the spaced left and right sidewalls of the lower housing (or spaced port and starboard sidewalls thereof). This way, the pins span across a hollow interior of the lower housing in which is laterally confined the hammer and trigger for each respective pin. Preferably each pin is slid through one of the bores therefor in one sidewall of the lower housing (preferably a bore that provides a close fit). Then the pin is slid through a counterpart bore therefor in the respective hammer or trigger. Finally the pin is preferably press fitted into the opposite bore therefor in the spaced sidewall of the lower housing, wherein this bore is slightly undersized to force an interference fit.
In this manner, the pins are intended to be fixtures for the hammer and trigger to pivot thereon. However, after many cycles of firing and re-loading, the pins are vibrated to such an extent that the pins start to work loose in their close fits and/or press fits. The pins might also seize in the mounting bores therefor in the hammer and/or trigger.
That is, the hammer and trigger as well as the pins therefor are typically steel parts (eg., hard materials) which tend to seize (eg., the hammer or trigger with its respective pin) if there is any problem at the cylindrical interface therebetween. In other words, if there are any problems between the hammer and trigger and each one's respective pin, relative pivoting will likely be eliminated due to seizure. Such sources of problems leading to seizure include any of wear, distortion, corrosion, erosion, and so on.
The housing, typically being made of a softer material, typically suffers. If the pins were originally tightly held by the housing due to a press fit, but subsequently seize with the hammer of trigger, the pins will thereafter spin in their press fit bores in the housing. Given enough use, the features which mount the pins (or are mounted on the pins) start to distort. The pins may start to rotate during the actuation of the hammer and/or trigger.
The pins and the mounting holes therefor in both sidewalls of the lower housing as well as in the hammer and trigger are designed in accordance with tight tolerances not just for optimal performance but also to avoid ruination to unacceptable performance.
But as mentioned previously, the pins are made of steel while the lower housing is typically made of aluminum. This unfortunately makes the lower housing more susceptible to any damage when things begin to function abnormally. What normally happens is that the pins begin to rotate, slightly at first. This causes the bores to become oversized and/or egg shaped.
As the mounting bores are compromised by enlargement, the lower housing is unable to maintain its positioning tolerance as required by engineering specification therefor. The engineering specification for the function of the hammer and trigger pins is such that the pins are meant to be stable while the hammer and trigger pivot about the pins.
Once this initial deformation occurs, there is an exponential amount of damage caused after each use. In time, dramatic steps need to be taken to amend the damage, and sometimes it renders a lower housing damaged beyond repair.
To turn attention now more particularly to the bolt catch feature of an AR-15 firearm, the conventional way to assemble the bolt catch mechanism has been to use roll pins. That is, the forward assist mechanism would be positioned and locked into place using a roll pin. The roll pin would be typically positioned and driven in place by use of a punch. To disassemble the pin, such a roll pin would have to be driven back out with use of the punch again.
Such hammering back and forth is difficult for a majority of individuals to perform in such delicate circumstances. Moreover, such hammering risks increased chances of damaging the housing if the pin is driven in incorrectly (and also if the punch slips).
The foregoing problems are likely and exacerbated by the small-scale working room afforded to a user attempting to drift punch such rolls pins.
Here is why. The pivot pin for the forward assist mechanism is typically 'simply supported' across gap between a pair of spaced bosses (eg., raised protrusions). These bosses are typically raised on the outer sidewall of the lower housing, just forward of the trigger, and on the side opposite of the user's trigger-pulling hand. Each boss (eg., raised protrusion) will need to have a through hole for the roll pin. That is because, the through hole in one boss allows for insertion of the pin. The through hole in the opposite boss either allows for the roll pin to be pushed through until the pin falls out, or else insertion of the punch to push the pin out in reverse (eg., back out the hole it was inserted through).
There are many many problems with the foregoing. These bosses are just slight protrusions off the sidewall of the housing. The roll pin is intended to be disposed on a pivot axis which just barely clears the plane of the housing sidewall. Therefore, the main problems are with the punch tool. With allegorical reference to children stories, the punch tool can be likened to Gulliver in a Lilliputian work-environment. If the punch tool has a radius larger than the gap between the pivot axis of the roll pin and the housing sidewall, the punch tool cannot drive the roll pin on axis. The punch tool can only do so at an oblique angle. If, to solve that problem, the punch tool is made especially slender (but long), then the chances of driving the pin straight are only likely to the skilled, the lucky, or just the skilled and lucky. And then there is the clearance of features on the sidewall of the of the housing to give a flight path for the punch from both sides of the housings, or, from the side of just one housing but clearance for the pin to push out from the opposite side of the opposite housing.
The problems with the roll pin insertion and removal for the forward assist mechanism according to the prior art are rife. What are needed are solutions over the shortcomings of the prior art.
To be brief about the forward assist mechanism, it enables the AR-15 user to manually drive the bolt carrier forward when the carrier becomes jammed. There is a socket or cavity in the rifle receiver lower housing for the forward assist mechanism to be inserted into. The conventional way for retaining the forward assist mechanism in its socket has been to use a roll pin. The forward assist mechanism could likewise benefit by the replacement of roll pins with a threaded assembly pin.
A number of additional features and objects will be apparent in connection with the following discussion of the preferred embodiments and examples with reference to the drawings.

Pivot axis pin fixtures for rifle receivers


A method and an apparatus for automatically recognizing an electrical imaging well logging facies, wherein the method comprises: acquiring historical data of electrical imaging well logging; pre-processing the historical data of the electrical imaging well logging to generate an electrical imaging well logging image covering a full hole; recognizing a typical imaging well logging facies in the electrical imaging well logging image covering the full hole, and determining the electrical imaging well logging image covering the full hole as a training sample in accordance with a category of the imaging well logging facies; constructing a deep learning model including an input layer, a plurality of hidden layers, and an output layer; training the deep learning model using the training sample to obtain a trained deep learning model; and recognizing the well logging facies of the electrical imaging well logging image of the well section to be recognized using the trained deep learning model.

An electrical imaging well logging facies refer to features such as color, structure and the like of different types of sedimentary formations that are presented on electrical imaging well logging images. By analyzing the electrical imaging well logging facies and establishing relationship with lithofacies and sedimentary facies of the formation, it is possible to provide an important basis for comprehensive evaluation of reservoir well logging and for prediction of distribution of high-quality reservoirs. The traditional interpretation of the electrical imaging well logging facies is mainly that images are divided directly by experts according to their experience. Such interpretation is highly subjective and is difficult to meet urgent needs of oilfield production. The key to improve interpretation efficiency of electrical imaging well logging data is how to automatically recognize the electrical imaging well logging facies to realize automatic and intelligent processing.
There are two main existing methods for automatically recognizing an electrical imaging well logging facies, one of which is to recognize and quantitatively extract various geological features in the images on the basis of imaging well logging image segmentation, then to perform classification recognition by means of fuzzy mathematics, neural network, and etc. according to relationship between different geological feature phenomenon and the well logging facies. This method is controlled by image segmentation quality and a recognition effect of geological features and has a low recognition accuracy; the other one of which is to select typical imaging well logging images of different well logging phases as templates and to count feature parameter curves of typical images of various well logging phases, to determine the templates with high similarity by correlation matching and other similar methods for the images of a well section to be recognized, as a corresponding well logging facies category. This method is influenced by the selected feature parameter indexes, has a narrow application range and a low recognition accuracy, and cannot meet the needs of geological research and reservoir evaluation.

Method and apparatus for automatically recognizing electrical imaging well logging facies


The present integrated circuit package provides both a high density of conductor poles, and reduced crosstalk noises between the conductor poles. The conductor poles are received within holes in an insulating substrate. The insulating substrate has a laminated, multi-layer ceramic substrate structure comprising insulating plates having metallized layers thereon which constitute a portion of the walls of the holes. In addition, insulating layers for insulating the metallized layers from the conductor poles are formed within a selected number of the holes.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an integrated circuit package comprising an insulating substrate for receiving a number of conductor poles that pass signal, power, and ground from an integrated circuit mounted on the integrated circuit package.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Recently, there has been a demand in the field of integrated circuit packaging to reduce the pitch of the conductor poles received in the insulating substrates of integrated circuit packages in order to increase the speed and density, and decrease the size, of the integrated circuits that are mounted on integrated circuit packages.
The art has not been able to overcome two fundamental problems that occur when the pitch of the conductor poles becomes narrow. First, crosstalk noise becomes significantly high, between the conductor poles. Accordingly, the art has failed to reach the desired density of the conductor poles and also reduce crosstalk noise. A second problem is that the characteristic impedance of the conductor poles is scattered which causes signal reflection noise and deteriorates signal transmission characteristics.


A method, apparatus, and article of manufacture provide the ability to integrate multiple engineering design systems in a computer aided design (CAD) system. A design generator is displayed and used to create an engineering design that has different worksheets. Each worksheet represents a different aspect of the design, has local design objects that represent functional aspects of a component that are independent from the component's physical representation, and relation objects that models constraints for properties of the design objects. The objects are organized into a functional layout document (FLD) that is stored in a data center/database that is shared by the worksheets. The FLD is then used to design an engineering design/model.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to computer-aided design (CAD) systems, and in particular, to a method, apparatus, and article of manufacture for integrating multiple subsystems for a conceptual engineering design within a CAD system.
2. Description of the Related Art
Mid-range and high-end CAD systems of today attempt to streamline a user's workflow by optimizing commands and data-structures for building a single, detailed, sometimes very large, 3D model. Users must focus on tying every piece of geometry to every other so that any edit to any portion of the model will cause the rest of the model to update. However, the highly iterative, rough, abstract and piece-wise nature of early stage design becomes difficult to undertake within an essentially monolithic design approach adopted by such CAD systems. Designers end up resorting to various disparate niche software tools, resorting to various data catalogs, to 'hand' references to previous designs, to mental references to the company's rules of thumb, etc., in order to accomplish their task.
Several inefficiencies arise from handling the early stage design task in this manner:                Increased cost of operation: Designers buy and maintain different software programs        No coherent data-model: Downstream operations cannot take full advantage of the work        Leaves room for error: Holds to reason since so much is left to a manual regimen        Different tools, different results: Computations vary across stages of the design cycle        Re-usability limitation: Not easy to use a previous conceptual design as a starting point        Project timeline stretch: Combination of inefficiencies lead to increased project time
Accordingly, what is needed is a flexible approach (within a CAD system) to integrate multiple tools, subsystems, software programs, and objects in the early stage or conceptual engineering design stage.

Integrating multiple design systems in a CAD system