A brake booster for a brake system of a vehicle, wherein the brake booster is in fluid communication with a source of pressurized fluid. The brake booster includes a housing having a bore formed therein and a conduit formed therein being in fluid communication with the bore and the source of pressurized fluid. The brake booster includes first and second pistons slidably disposed within the bore of the housing. The bore, the first piston, and the second piston define a fluid chamber in fluid communication with the conduit formed in the housing, wherein the volume of the chamber is defined by the position of the first piston relative to the second piston. The brake booster further includes a valve selectively preventing fluid flow in a direction from the chamber to the source of pressurized fluid via the conduit.

This invention relates in general to brake systems for motor vehicles, and in particular to fluid pressure operated brake boosters for vehicle braking systems.
Conventional vehicle braking systems are constructed such that the braking force developed by the system is generally proportional to the force applied by the vehicle operator on a vehicle brake pedal. The pedal is linked to a piston in a master cylinder which moves to pressurize the fluid of the brake system, and thus actuate the individual wheel brakes. Generally, in order to provide a sufficiently high pressure to operate the wheel brakes without requiring an excessive effort by the operator, most vehicles include a "boosted" power brake system wherein the force applied to the brake pedal by the operator is amplified or boosted before being applied to the master cylinder. In automobiles and light trucks, this is typically accomplished by incorporating either a vacuum or hydraulically operated boost piston assembly between the brake pedal and the master cylinder.
Vacuum operated boost piston assemblies utilize the pressure differences between the atmosphere and the vehicle's engine vacuum to develop a force across a boost piston or diaphragm. The force developed by this differential pressure across the boost piston may be many times that which could be developed by the operator by pressing against the pedal, and is applied to the piston of the master cylinder to actuate the brakes.
Hydraulic boost piton assemblies utilize a source of pressurized fluid developed by a hydraulic system, for example, using the vehicle's power steering pump, to apply a force to a boost piston or a plurality of boost pistons. The force applied by the hydraulic system to the boost piston, like the vacuum boost system, may be many times that which could be applied by the operator of the vehicle when operating the brake pedal through the same stroke length used to actuate the hydraulic boost piston assembly. Thus, the increased force applied to the piston of the master cylinder generates higher braking system operating pressures for a given pedal force input.
For some hydraulic boosters, undesirable boost piston travel length can occur when the fluid pressure source fails, such as in an engine stall in a brake circuit utilizing a power steering pump. Upon failure, the travel length of a boost piston and accordingly the brake pedal, may need to be advanced, during which there is generally not an increase in brake pressure generated by the master cylinder. This extraneous travel length is generally undesirable to the operator of the vehicle. Undesirable boost piston travel length can also occur after the demand for pressurized fluid flowing into the hydraulic booster rises above the maximum output of the source of pressurized fluid, referred to as booster runout. Thus, it would be desirable to provide a brake booster having a piston travel limit feature, to help prevent undesirable boost piston travel during booster runout and hydraulic system failures.

Hydraulic brake booster having piston travel limit feature


A process fluid pressure measurement system is provided. The system includes a process fluid pressure transmitter having a pair of process fluid ports disposed coplanar with one another on a bottom surface thereof. The process fluid pressure transmitter is configured to measure a differential pressure between the pair of process fluid ports and provide an indication of the measured differential pressure over a process communication loop. A process fluid flange has a first surface configured to mount to the surface of the process fluid pressure transmitter, a second surface opposed to the first surface, and at least one lateral sidewall extending between the first and second surface. A plurality of fins are disposed proximate the lateral surface.

Process monitoring and control systems are used to monitor and control operation of industrial processes. Industrial processes are used in manufacturing to produce various products such as refined oil, pharmaceuticals, paper, foods, et cetera. In large scale implementations, these processes must be monitored and controlled in order to operate within their desired parameters.
"Transmitter" has become a term which is used to describe the devices which couple to the process equipment and are used to sense a process variable. Example process variables include pressure, temperature, flow, and others. Frequently, a transmitter is located at a remote location (i.e., in the "field"), and transmits the sensed process variable back to a centrally located control room. Various techniques are used for transmitting the process variable including both wired and wireless communications. One common wired communication technique uses what is known as a two wire process control loop in which a single pair of wires is used to both carry information as well as provide power to the transmitter. One well established technique for transmitting information is by controlling the current level through the process control loop between 4 mA and 20 mA. The value of the current within the 4-20 mA range can be mapped to corresponding values of the process variable.
One type of transmitter is a pressure transmitter. In general, a pressure transmitter is any type of a transmitter which measures a pressure of a fluid of the process. (The term fluid includes gas, steam and liquids and their combination.) Pressure transmitters can be used to measure pressures directly including differential, absolute or gauge pressures. Further, using known techniques, pressure transmitters can be used to measure flows of the process fluid based upon a pressure differential in the process fluid between two locations.
Typically, a pressure transmitter includes a pressure sensor which couples to the pressure of the process fluid through an isolation system. The isolating system can comprise, for example, of an isolation diaphragm which is in physical contact with the process fluid and an isolation fill fluid which extends between the isolation diaphragm and the pressure sensor. The fill fluid preferably comprises a substantially incompressible fluid such as oil. As the process fluid exerts a pressure on the isolation diaphragm, changes in the applied pressure are conveyed across the diaphragm, through the isolation fluid and to the pressure sensor. Such isolation systems prevent the delicate components of the pressure sensor from being directly exposed to the process fluid.
In some process environments, the process fluid may experience relatively high temperatures. However, transmitters typically have a maximum operating temperature of 185-250° F. Even in cases where the transmitter can withstand the high temperature, temperature extremes can still introduce errors in pressure measurements. In processes which have temperatures which exceed the maximum operating temperature of the pressure transmitter, the transmitter itself must be located remotely from the process fluid and coupled to the process fluid using a long capillary tube. The capillary tube can run many feet and an isolation fluid is carried in tube. One end of the tube mounts to the process through an isolation diaphragm and the other end of the tube couples to the pressure transmitter. This long capillary tube and isolation diaphragm is generally referred to as a "remote seal", or "water legs" on steam flow measurement applications.
While a remote seal arrangement does still provide effective pressure measurement, there are some tradeoffs. When "water legs" are utilized and installed, incorrectly, errors can be induced into the actual pressure measurements. These water legs also require additional anti-freeze protection provisions in certain climates. Thus, providing a direct mount process fluid pressure measurement system that could be employed to higher temperatures would be beneficial to users who may not want to switch to a remote seal system for their high temperature application.

Process fluid flow transmitter with finned coplanar process fluid flange


A three-dimensional stereo display, and a system and method are provided for controlling the three-dimensional stereo display. The three-dimensional stereo display includes backlight, a first polarizer, a first liquid crystal panel, a second polarizer and a second liquid crystal panel which are sequentially arranged on the backlight source. The second liquid crystal panel switches the polarizing angle of the light travelling through and exiting from said second liquid crystal panel between a horizontal and vertical polarization. Due to the polarization direction of light could be changed by the liquid crystal panel, and makes the light for the left-eye image and the right-eye image are mutual perpendicular. The polarization direction of the light for the left-eye image is the same as that of the left lens, and the polarization direction of the light for the right-eye image is the same as that of the right lens. So the light belongs to the left-eye image or the right-eye image can pass through the left lens or the right lens respectively, then a stereo image will emerge in people's brain due to the effect of “fusion activity”. Further, there is no need to close the polarized spectacles, the displaying efficiency is improved compared with the “Active Stereo”.

With the development of the technology of three-dimensional (3D) stereo display, 3D stereo displays are used in many fields, such as mobile communication terminals, TV, computer, Car Monitor and so on. 3D application will enter people's daily life more deeply. The mechanism of seeing 3D) stereo image by human eyes is in that everything seen by the left eye and right eye respectively is different in angle because there is a distance between the left eye and right eye. So there will be a little difference in the images caught by the left eye and right eye respectively, which is called "parallax". People will feel the depth and the stereo when the two different images are processed by human brains. Then the 3D stereo images are generated inside the human's brain.
Nowadays, there are two main stereo image generation technologies, one is "Active Stereo", which is also called "division of active stereo stereopair", the other one is "Passive Stereo", which is also called "division of passive stereo stereopair". As shown in FIG. 1, the principle of "Active Stereo" is in that the left-eye image and the right-eye image are displayed alternately on a monitor, and a pair of shading glasses which is controlled by an infrared transmitter is needed in order to observe the images. As soon as the left-eye image is displayed on the monitor, the left eye can see the left-eye image because the left lens is opened by the signal send out by the infrared transmitter, which makes the beam of light rendering the left-eye image pass the left lens. The right eye cannot see any image because the right lens is closed at that moment. When the right-eye image for right eye is displayed on the monitor, the right lens is opened while the left lens is closed, which are controlled by the signal send out from the infrared transmitter. People can feel in this way the "parallax" due to the "retention effect" in human's brain. So the left-eye image and the right-eye image compose a stereo image. However, the disadvantages of this technology is in that it will take some time to finish the alternation of the left-eye image and the right-eye image since the image is displayed row by row, and it will lead that a part of the right-eye image and a part of the left-eye image are displayed on the monitor at the same time. The shading glasses are needed to be closed during these periods to avoid the "image overlapping". However, longer the lenses are opened, more beam of light will pass the lens. The closing of the shading glasses will result in that the image which people see becomes dark.
As shown in FIG. 2, the principle of "Passive Stereo" is in that the polarization directions of the left-eye image and the right-eye image are made to be mutual perpendicular, and the pixel of the odd row of the left-eye image is extracted, then the even row of the right-eye image is extracted, and the image displayed on the monitor finally is formed by the fusion of those left-eye image of the odd row and right-eye image of the even row which are extracted. People need to wear a pair of polarized spectacles to see the images. The difference of the polarization directions between the two lenses is 90 degree, so the left-eye image and the right-eye image can pass the lenses respectively. A stereo image will be formed as soon as the "parallax" is generated in people's brain. There are also some disadvantages of this technology. For example, the resolution of the image in 3D) mode is only a half of that in 2D mode, because half of the pixels ware extracted. That may result in the "blinking phenomenon" especially when the precise image and the still image are displayed, and the visual perception experiences will be lowered.
As a result, a display and method for displaying stereo images which will not decrease the resolution of the image and have sufficient displaying luminance is needed.

Liquid crystal display, system and method for displaying three-dimensional stereo pictures


In a color image forming machine in which are provided a charger by which an image carrier is charged, an image exposing device by which a latent image corresponding to image data composed of different color data is formed on the image carrier. A plurality of developing devices by which the latent image is developed by different color toners. Different color toner images are repeatedly registered to form a color image. The color image forming machine is further provided with a converting device by which the image data is converted so that an amount of black toner to be used can be increased more than that of other color toners to be used.

The present invention relates to a color image forming apparatus in which different color toner images are repeatedly superimposed in order to form a color image, an especially to a color image forming apparatus which is used in the field of electrostatic recording and electrophotography.
Conventionally, in order to form a color image according to, for example, an electrophotographing method, processes of charging, image exposing, developing, and transferring ar e repeated for each component color, and color toner images are superimposed on a recording sheet. That is, by using light which is modulated by color information from a color original document, the above-described processes are repeated four times and color toner images are obtained so that a color image formed by yellow, magenta, cyan and black toners can be formed.
However, in the above-described color image forming method, it is necessary to transfer one color toner image onto a transfer body each time after development has been completed for each color toner. Therefore, problems arise such as the dimensions of the apparatus must be increased, and the recording process becomes complicated, so that a large amount of time is wasted. Further, since each color toner image is transferred onto a recording sheet after each process, transfer slippage occurs, and thus the quality of the color image is decreased. In order to solve the foregoing problems, a color image forming method is known, in which a plurality of toner images are superimposed onto the same photoreceptor so that a transferring process can be completed at one time.
However, in the above-described prior art method, for example, yellow, magenta, cyan and black toner images are superimposed, to form a color image. However, it is more difficult to make black toner adhere to the toner surface than the other toners. That is, as shown in FIG. 1 (see especially the edge effect), for example, a yellow toner, (which is the first color toner in this process), forming a toner image 100 can easily be made to adhere onto an edge portion. In FIG. 1, each when image exposing is used in order to make a toner image 101 it adheres to the toner surface (as shown by a two-dotted chain line) when magenta, cyan, and black toner images are subsequently superimposed onto the toner surface in the same way as the yellow toner image and after the yellow toner image is made to adhere the photoreceptor surface, it is difficult to make the toner image 101 adheres an edge portion after the yellow color toner adheres to the toner surface. Thus, it becomes more difficult to superimpose one toner image onto the surface of another toner image as the number of superimposing processes advances further. Furthermore, since the toner image 100 is exposed from the upper portion as shown in FIG. 3, an edge portion of the image such as, for example, a character becomes thicker because toner splashes occur when the toner image is exposed again.
As described above, when a later development is performed, the toner is difficult to make toner adhere onto an edge portion of the toner image obtained by the former development, and further, the toner is disturbed, so that a hue of the image is changed, or the image can be splattered with toner.

Color image forming apparatus with black toner control


An objective of the present application is to provide a road characterization method, comprising: acquiring a target road, wherein the target road comprises one or more road segments; determining one or more atomic lanes corresponding to the road segments according to the road segment attribute information of the road segments; and determining lane association information related to the atomic lanes corresponding to the target road; wherein the one or more atomic lanes and the lane association information are used for characterizing the target road. The method can functionally completely describe objective connections of lanes within a target area, including lane connectivity and lane change feasibility.

A self-driving system typically includes a sensing module, a localization module, a planning module, and a control module. The sensing module may acquire a scene where a vehicle is currently located. The localization module may analyze the scene to obtain a current location. The planning module may plan a route according to the current location and a target location. Finally, the control module may issue a vehicle driving instruction.
To allow the planning module to practically plan an available route from an initial location to a target location, a navigation map describing the lane access in a relevant area is essential. As shown in FIG. 1, to drive the vehicle from a point P1 in the road segment R1 to a point P2 in the road segment R2, the map should provide a description of the line for the scenario. A plain description method includes recording a driving trajectory from the initial location to the target location in advance. Referring to FIG. 2, during operations of the system, the vehicle always runs along this single route.
This single-line description method is simple and convenient but has some obvious drawbacks. For example, 1) only a line with a fixed start point and end point can be described. If the start point or target location is to be changed, the map must be changed. 2) Only one method for traveling from the start point to the end point can be described. If the route is to be changed or a lane change is to be made (or a lane merge, meaning that the vehicle is driven from one lane to another lane), the map must be changed.

Road characterization method, method for displaying road information and devices

UISEE (SHANGHAI) AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGIES LTD.


The present invention relates to methods, network devices, and machine-readable media for an integrated environment for automated processing of reports of suspicious messages, and furthermore, to a network for distributing information about detected phishing attacks.

In a phishing attack, an individual (e.g., a person, an employee of a company, a user of a computing device) receives a message, commonly in the form of an email or other electronic message or communication, directing the individual to perform an action, such as opening a message attachment or following (e.g., using a cursor controlled device or touch screen) an embedded link. If such message were from a trusted source (e.g., co-worker, bank, utility company or other well-known and trusted entity), such action might carry little risk. Nevertheless, in a phishing attack, such message is from an attacker (e.g., an individual using a computing device to perform a malicious act on another computer device user) disguised as a trusted source, and an unsuspecting individual, for example, opening an attachment to view a "friend's photograph" might in fact install spyware, a virus, and/or other malware (e.g., malicious computer software) on the user's computer. Similarly, an unsuspecting individual directed to a webpage made to look like an official banking webpage might be deceived into submitting a username, password, bank account number, etc. to an attacker.
Software as a Service (SaaS) solutions for sending simulated phishing messages are known, such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,053,326. Such solutions for user training and education have been proven to reduce the susceptibility of users to phishing attacks. Some solutions provide the user with a user interface as a means for reporting suspected phishing attacks, such as that described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/763,538. Provided with the means to report, due to the difficulty of discerning attacks from legitimate messages, users may report actual phishing attacks, as well as legitimate messages. False positive reports sent to network security personnel are distracting and time consuming to process and respond to.
Thus, what is needed is a system for allowing network security personnel to quickly discern malicious messages from a large volume of reported threats.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Suspicious message report processing and threat response


A method and apparatus for a multi-mode and multi-rate telemetry transmitter includes a digital baseband lineup, a digital-to-analog converter (“DAC”), and an analog reconstruction filter. The digital baseband lineup may be programmed to any desired bit rate, enabling the transmitter to support multi-rate capabilities. Different coefficients and numerical values may be programmed in the digital baseband lineup to support any desired modulation scheme, enabling the transmitter to support multi-mode capabilities. The digital baseband lineup may be designed by implementing up-sampling stages, down-sampling stages, and digital filters in a variety of arrangements.

Telemetry is a science of measuring data at remote locations and reporting that data to desired receiving points. The Range Commanders Council ("RCC") government telemetry group publishes the IRIG 106-04 specification document that defines the telemetry standard. The telemetry standard supports many modulation schemes that fall under the general modulation family of continuous phase modulation ("CPM"). SOQPSK and PCM/FM are just two examples of modulation schemes that are part of the family of CPM.
Telemetry transmitters are used in various commercial applications as well as other applications. For example, they can be utilized as part of an on-board diagnostic system for satellites, space modules, trains, missiles, smart projectiles, planes and other aircraft. The transmitters' main function is to send status data to receiving stations for record-keeping, decision making, and alerting purposes that will allow operations to be successful and effective.
The traditional method of building telemetry transmitters was to utilize analog components. The analog circuit architectures were important to preserve the linearity and quality of the transmitted signal. However, analog components are typically expensive, and they use significant current.
Also, traditional analog architectures are not capable of being flexible to meet a variety of bandwidth requirements. For example, many analog circuit architectures utilize band specific components that limit multi-mode capabilities. Therefore, a single transmitter cannot support multiple modes unless the actual analog components are changed or multiple transmitter lineups are utilized. Even then, one is still constrained by the actual analog components existing in the transmitter.
Another disadvantage is that a telemetry transmitter that is using a traditional analog architecture is limited in supporting multi-rate capabilities. When designing telemetry transmitters, a specific transmission data rate is chosen. Then specific analog components are used and tuned to accommodate that specific transmission data rate. Therefore, a single transmitter cannot support multiple rates unless the actual analog components are changed, multiple clocks are utilized, or multiple transmitter lineups are used, which is significantly limiting.
Accordingly, there is a need for architectures and methods for telemetry transmitters that support both multi-mode and multi-rate capabilities. Specifically, there is a need for a telemetry transmitter that can accommodate any one of a variety of rates and modulation schemes using a single transmitter lineup without having to replace internal components.

Method and apparatus for a multi-mode multi-rate telemetry transmitter

Cobham Defense Electronic Systems Corporation


The present invention provides a nano-crystallized herbal ingredient-containing package for use in a food processor or being used directly to prepare a herbal decoction. The package includes a housing; single or multiple herbal ingredient nano-crystals; one or more non-additive and anti-caking spacers for preventing caking that blocks solvent flowing through the package towards the single or multiple herbal ingredient nano-crystals during processing by the food processor; and optionally one or more stabilizing agents for stabilizing the single or multiple herbal ingredient nano-crystals during nano-crystallization of the herbal ingredients and during preparation of the herbal decoction. A method of preparing a herbal decoction from the package is also provided.

Traditionally, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is administrated in a form of decoction, in which several herbs are boiled in water for about an hour, and the remaining concentrated liquid is used for consumption for better health management. However, traditional decoctions have some disadvantages to users, such as (i) difficulties in ensuring quality of the herbal ingredients, (ii) hour-long time required to prepare, (iii) inconvenience in transportation and storage of liquid. Historically, different kinds of formulations have been developed in response to these shortcomings. These strategies include traditional preparations of wan (pills), san (powder) and the modern formulations of granules. In recent years, some Chinese pharmaceutical companies have developed more than 600 kinds of individual herb granules and 200 kinds of herbal formulae, which have been widely used in clinical practice. Nevertheless, there are more evidences demonstrating that contents of constituents in an herbal decoction prepared in a traditional way with boiling may be different from those found in an identical physical mixture of granules [1,2]. It is postulated and widely accepted that some other new compounds are to be generated from herb-herb interactions during the boiling process. Therefore, the health beneficial effects generating from the conventional TCM decoction boiling method cannot be simply physically replaced by a mixture of individual ingredient granules.
Nowadays, the commercial coffee capsule has revolutionized coffee drinking habit from the old days. Development of a convenient way to get TCM decoction from a food processor for preparing a freshly brewed coffee using coffee capsule such as from a single-serve brewer is attractive. Users can prepare their own cup of herbal decoction from herbal ingredient-containing capsule within a minute. However, technical difficulties in limited dissolution rate may hinder the development of herbal decoction capsule because many herbal ingredients are poorly soluble or even insoluble in water. Raw or coarse herbal materials or even granule form of herbal extract have not had enough surface area for contact with the solvent during brewing, which lengthens the preparation time and limits the number and/or type of herbal ingredients to be used for preparing an herbal decoction.
Nanocrystals, a carrier-free colloidal delivery system in nano-sized range, is a decent approach to solve these difficulties by reducing the ingredient's particle size, thus enhancing the dissolution rate and the solubility as well [3]. For example, the Chinese patent CN103211759B disclosed a formulation which is a carrier free colloidal system and contains a stabilizer preferably selected from hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. The preparation process disclosed in that Chinese patent appears to apply ball milling and spray drying techniques to obtain nano-crystalline particulate. Another example is the Chinese published patent application CN102895451A which disclosed a broad-spectrum anti-viral nano-sized traditional Chinese medicine including herbal extracts from Salvia miltiorrhiza. The preparation process disclosed in the second example also appears to apply ball milling and spray drying techniques to obtain nano-crystalline particulate of the herbal extracts. However, none of these examples provides a means for extracting or eluting the herbal ingredients from the nano-crystalline particulate in a more efficient way like the use of conventional single-serve coffee capsule to prepare a coffee from a coffee machine. Therefore, a convenient yet cost- and time-effective means to prepare an herbal decoction while the potential herb-herb interactions generated in the TCM decoction is preserved is utmost needed.

Nano-crystallized herbal ingredient-containing package and method of preparing herbal decoction

Nano and Advanced Materials Institute Limited


An analog input signal that is sampled at a predetermined rate is multiplied by a corresponding binary code sequence, i.e. xe2x80x9c+1xe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cxe2x88x921xe2x80x9d by the multiplier. The output of this multiplier is applied in conjunction with a signal supplied by the negative feedback circuit to the analog integrator. The quantization circuit quantizes the output signal of the analog integrator into N levels and outputs a digital word. This digital word is delayed by a unit time interval by a digital delay circuit and then processed by the above mentioned negative feedback circuit. As a result of this signal magnitude reducing process, the required integrating capacitance can be minimized without risks of saturation effects. Additionally, the output is already in digital form as required by the subsequent system blocks.

The present invention relates to a correlating device for calculating the correlation between an analog input signal and binary-code sequence with respect to time, which is suitable for use, for example, as a correlating device for synchronizing an input signal and a binary-code sequence, or a correlating device for demodulating spread data into the original form, for example, in spread spectrum communications.
As a correlating device, for example, one can use switched capacitor circuit as in FIG. 16, which directly calculates an analog signal Aout indicative of the correlation between an analog input signal Vin and a binary-code sequence a(i) with respect to time without converting the analog input signal into digital.
In such a correlating device, however, in order to prevent saturation before the calculation of the correlation completes, as the length of binary-code sequence becomes longer, it is required to increase the capacitance of an integration capacitor C101, that in turn increases the amount of parasitic capacitance. The presence of these parasitics translate into large power consumption in order to achieve the desired speed of operation.
Furthermore, in a general spread spectrum communication receiver, the functional blocks, such as path searcher, tracking controller or rake receiver, which follow the correlating device 101 are usually implemented by digital circuits. In this case, the output signal Aout of correlating device 101 has to be converted to a digital value before it is passed to those digital circuits. This conversion requires separate AD converter(s) and hence further increase of power consumption.
It is an object of the present invention to realize a correlating device capable of operating at low power consumption even at high operating speeds and for long binary-code sequences, that gives its output in digital form without using separate AD converters.
In order to achieve the above object, a correlator for calculating a correlation value between an analog input signal and a code sequence with respect to time, is characterized by a multiplier that multiplies a sampled analog input signal by a code from the code sequence; an analog integrator; a quantization circuit that quantizes an integrated value from the analog integrator; a digital accumulator that accumulates digital values outputted by the quantization circuit, and outputs a result of accumulation as the correlation value; and a negative feedback circuit that converts the digital value outputted by the quantization circuit to an analog value of inverse polarity; wherein the analog integrator integrates a sum of a negative feedback signal outputted by the negative feedback circuit and an output from the multiplier.
With this arrangement, the quantization circuit and the negative feedback circuit form a negative feedback loop, and therefore, compared with the case without a negative feedback loop, the absolute value of the integrated value of the analog integrator is reduced. Therefore, even when the length of code sequence becomes longer, it is possible to prevent the saturation of the integrated analog output without increasing the size of integrator capacitor which stores the integrated value, thereby realizing a correlator of small power consumption.
Furthermore, upon completing a computation with respect to all the values of the code sequence, the digital output of the digital accumulator indicates a correlation value between the analog input signal and the code sequence with respect to time. Thus, unlike the conventional arrangement wherein the correlation value of the analog signal integrator is subjected to AD conversion, it is possible to output a digital value indicative of a correlation value without providing an AD converter as a the second stage of the correlator.
Here, as in the conventional arrangement, in the case of converting the correlation value which is once output in a analog value and then converted into a digital value, as the maximum analog value is a product of the number of quantization levels and the quantization interval, it is difficult to increase the number of quantization levels, and thus a calculation with an improved precision is difficult to be achieved. Furthermore, another problem may arise due to limitations of the conversion rate of low-power AD converters, unless complex structures are used.
In contrast, the number of quantization levels L which can be outputted by the correlator according to the present invention is (Nxe2x88x921)xc2x7M+1 wherein N is the number of quantization levels of the quantization circuit and M is a length of the code sequence. Therefore, without increasing the number of quantization levels of the quantization circuit, the number of quantization levels L of the correlator increases as the code sequence becomes longer.
As a result, it is possible to reduce the number of quantization levels N of the quantization circuit (for example, two or three quantization levels) to be smaller than the number of quantization levels L of the correlator (for example, 64 to 256), thus outputting a high precision correlation value with a simple circuit structure.
Incidentally, the maximum quantization error of the correlator having the above arrangement is determined by the maximum quantization error of the quantization circuit, and thus a small maximum quantization error of the correlator can be achieved which is less than twice as much as the maximum quantization error of the quantization circuit even when initialization is not performed.
In order to achieve a high precision correlation calculation, it is preferable that initializing means be provided, which, at the beginning of each cycle of the code sequence, adjust at least one of the integrated value of the analog integrator and a value indicated by an output of the quantization circuit, so that the integrated value and the value indicated by the output are equal.
With this arrangement, the integrated value of the analog signal integrator and the quantized value indicated by the output of the quantization circuit before computation of a correlation value starts coincide with each other. Thus, compared with the case where these values are different, the maximum quantization error can be reduced by half and a computation can be performed with a still improved precision.
The arrangement of the initialization is made by means of CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) operation, that sets a predetermined value of the output of the analog integrator and at the same time suppresses the low-frequency noise, thereby increasing the accuracy of the computation.
It may be also arranged so as to further include measuring means, which, prior to correlation computation, measure offset error of the correlator; and offset compensation means, which adjust a result of computation by the correlator, so that the offset error can be cancelled based on the offset error as measured, for example, by subtracting the offset error from the correlation value computed by the correlator, or adjusting beforehand the initial value of the digital accumulator according to the offset error.
With this arrangement, a natural offset error of the correlator in use can be cancelled, and thus a computation can be performed with an improved precision.
For a fuller understanding of the nature and advantages of the invention, reference should be made to the ensuing detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.


Embodiments of the present invention provide a system for generating duplicate layered electronic data logs for monitored events on a network. The system is configured for identifying one or more entity resources associated with an entity, continuously monitoring the one or more entity resources, identifying at least a first event and a second event associated with at least one entity resource of the one or more entity resources, storing the first event and the second event in at least a first log and a second log, and generating at least one other log to record activities associated with at least one of the first log and second log.

Conventional systems do not have the capability to effectively monitor one or more entity resources and log the monitored information. As such, there exists a need for a system that can effectively monitor the one or more entity resources and generate duplicate layered electronic data logs for one or more events on a network.

System and method for generating duplicate layered electronic data logs regarding monitored events on a network


The invention provides methods and systems for determining the position of a remote object such as an in vivo medical device such as capsule or probe within a medical patient. Integrated computer and computer executable remote permanent magnetic dipole position and orientation detection system monitors remote object movement. User interface displays remote permanent magnetic dipole location and orientation in a 3-dimensional view. Database stores object position movement in association with time. Magnetic sensor planes detect remote objects with permanent magnetic dipole and generate magnetic field information signal. Computer stores and searches location and posture information use a file.

Ingestible wireless medical capsules are known in the medical arts. Such capsules telemetrically transmit information to a receiving and recording apparatus located outside the body. The wireless capsule is swallowed and travels through the digestive tract, collecting and transmitting data during the course of its journey. Receiving and recording apparatus is stationed external to the body. In general, after a day or two, the disposable capsule is excreted naturally from the body and the recorded data, such as for example, temperature, pH, pressure, and transit time, may be transferred for analysis and/or storage. It is known in the art to use wireless medical capsules for collecting images by equipping them with cameras, or for delivering doses of medication to general areas of the digestive system by equipping them with drug reservoirs.
The deployment and detection of relatively small probes or sensors for reconnaissance in confined, inaccessible, or remote spaces is useful in many contexts. Determining the position of an object during deployment faces may challenges. In many applications, the target environment may be no more than a few liters in volume. It is sometimes desirable to determine the position of an object, such as a probe or capsule, with as much precision as possible. Remote sensing may be used in many endeavors, such as industrial or medical applications. For example, the currently available wireless capsules used in the medical field are carried by peristalsis through the digestive tract, and the capsule location during the journey is either unknown or only approximately known. Similarly, in non-medical applications, a probe may be carried by fluid flow and/or gravity, through a system of piping or tubing for example, and its position at any given time only estimated. The lack of position information is a drawback of current wireless capsule technology. For example, often a doctor reviewing data from an in vivo capsule does not know the precise location of features indicated by the data, e.g., an image of a gastro-intestinal tumor. Often an additional scoping procedure or even surgery may be required in order to determine the exact location of the problem. In connection with medical devices, some development of magnetic locating techniques has occurred. One approach, exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 5,558,091 to Acker, is to embed a magnetic sensor in an in vivo capsule, and track the sensor within the body by relating it to magnetic fields external to the body. Although this approach may be useful to some degree, it does not take into account the effect of the earth's magnetic field or the potential interference of additional magnetic fields such as those that may emanate from electrical current and ferromagnetic materials nearby. Another approach, exemplified by U.S. Pat. No. 6,216,028 to Haynor, is to place a magnet on a medical device such as the tip of a probe inserted into the patient, and detect the magnet's field distribution with sensors located on an outside surface of the body. This approach proposes using four magnetic sensors to measure the magnetic field in the x, y, and z axes, and modeling the magnetic tip as a dipole, solving a number of nonlinear equations to determine the position of the magnetic dipole. The complexity of the computations involved requires considerable computing power and/or a significant amount of time to complete. The complexity of this approach also increases the possibility for considerable error.
Systems and methods for accurately determining remote object, such as a locatable wireless capsule or probe would be useful and advantageous in order to accurately match a location with remotely detected images or other parameters such as pH, temperature, pressure values and so forth. It may also provide advantages for accurately guiding the delivery of medications, or for taking biopsies, or for later surgery. In non-medical applications, it may be used for inspecting piping or fluid-handling systems. Used in conjunction with capsules or probes capable of controlled movement, the capability for timely detection of the probe or capsule position would be particularly advantageous. Due to the foregoing and other problems and potential advantages, improved position determining methods and systems using magnetic fields would a useful contribution to the applicable arts.

Computer-implemented system and method for determining the position of a remote object


A portable mixer has a bin with a number of augers rotatably mounted therein. The augers have forward flights, for conveying roughage feed material, such as hay, in a forward direction, and reverse flights, for conveying the feed materials in an opposite direction. The augers mix feed material introduced into the bin and convey the feed material to a discharge opening. At least one of the augers has a ribbon flighting positioned at an outer peripheral edge of the auger flighting. The ribbon flighting has an outer edge having a continuous saw-tooth cut. The relatively small, closely spaced teeth of the saw-tooth edge cuts the elongated fibrous material, such as hay, without increasing the torque required by the auger. The ribbon flighting is formed from a number of separate, identical ribbon flighting members positioned in series along the outer peripheral edge of the auger flighting.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to a portable or permanent mixer for mixing animal feed or roughage. More particularly, the present invention is directed to an auger for use in a portable mixer. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a ribbon flighting, adapted to be attached proximate an outer peripheral edge of an auger, for cutting fibrous feed material, such as hay.
2. Description of the Related Art
Mixers for mixing animal feed or roughage, such as hay and the like, are well-known. Such mixers generally include a bin having one or more augers located within the bin for mixing the feed materials and, at the same time, conveying the feed materials from an inlet portion of the bin to a discharge outlet opening of the bin. Typically, the orientation of the augers is such that the mixed feed is conveyed to an outlet opening in the side of the bin so that the mixed feed can be discharged by continuing rotation of the augers. As set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,148,999, which discloses an animal feed mixing system of the type having a bin with augers, various elongated fibrous materials, such as hay or cornstalks, often present problems for traditional mixing systems. The fibrous material tends to become clogged about the auger, thus increasing the torque required by the drive assembly, coupled to the rotatably mounted auger, for driving the auger.
In order to overcome the problems associated with mixing and conveying fibrous materials, such as hay and the like, numerous attempts have been made at placing cutting blades at the outer peripheral edge of the augers In this regard, it is highly desirable to cut the elongated fibrous materials into finer pieces for both the purpose of enhancing the mixing operation, as well as reducing clogging and the amount of torque to which the rotational augers are subjected. U.S. Pat. No. 5,148,999 shows one approach in which outer edges of the auger flight include inserts having cutting edges positioned at various spaced locations. The inserts co-act with the sides of the mixer to cut and chop fibrous material. This approach, and others like it, requires substantially modifying the outer peripheral edge of an auger flighting, thereby increasing the overall complexity and expense of the auger.
Prior art devices, having cutting blades at spaced locations along the peripheral edge of an auger flight, typically utilize blades having a tooth size of around one inch (1") or larger Those prior art devices utilizing spaced teeth of one inch, or larger, have a limited number of teeth per 180.degree. of auger flighting. As a result, these prior art devices have a limited number of blade contact areas. Additionally, the utilization of large, spaced teeth tends to cause the fibrous material to load up, thereby increasing the torque loads required by the auger. In some cases, a sickle knife has been used which provides a sharper cutting edge, but tends to break because of the elongated, thin nature of the knife.
Accordingly, the need exists for a simple, inexpensive auger for cutting and mixing fibrous material. Specifically, the need exists for an auger which tends to maximize the cutting contact area about the auger flighting. The need also exists for an auger which increases the cutting action accomplished by the auger, without increasing the torque to which the auger is subjected. Additionally, the need exists for a device which may be easily retrofit onto certain existing augers. The present invention fills these and other needs, and overcomes the drawbacks of the prior art.

Portable mixer with roughagecutting auger


An antenna is provided that receives electromagnetic radiation and includes a dielectric substrate (106). First and second spirals (60 and 70) on a first surface of the substrate (106) radiate the electromagnetic radiation. A third spiral (80) is utilized on a second surface of the substrate (106) and is substantially underneath one of the first and second spiras(60 and 70). The resulting spiral antenna is compact and has multioctave bandwidth capability.

Past approaches for antenna design include spirals that are not sufficiently compact since their absorber cavities have generally been on the magnitude of a quarter wavelength deep. For example, an antenna with frequency of 10 GHz which has a wavelength of approximately one inch requires a cavity of at least a quarter inch in depth. Since this past approach matches the cavity's depth to that of the longest wavelength, it is not suitable for broadband operations.
Other past approaches f or compact antennas include utilizing patch antennas. Patch antennas are relatively thin and can be on the order of 2% of lambda (i.e., wavelength) in thickness. However, patch antennas are limited in bandwidth and are too large for certain applications where space is considered a premium. Moreover, patch antennas cannot be dedicated to multioctave bandwidths.
Still another previous approach is the multioctave bandwidth spiral-mode microstrip (SMM) antenna. However, this approach necessitates the use of a large ground plane that extends past the diameter of the spiral arms of the antenna in order to operate. This large ground plane increases the overall size of the antenna which may not be suitable for applications that demand a relatively small antenna. Moreover, the SMM antenna approach can only provide a single common ground plane for a dual or multiple concentric antenna configuration. This greatly limits isolation between the antennas.
Accordingly, there is a need for a compact spiral antenna that has multioctave bandwidth capability that allows isolation between concentric spirals.


The invention relates to a turning center which comprises a machine frame, a first workpiece spindle unit having a first workpiece spindle, a second workpiece spindle unit, which is disposed on the machine frame and having a second workpiece spindle, at least one tool carrier unit, which is disposed on the machine frame and on which at least one tool for machining a workpiece held in the workpiece spindle units is disposed, and a working space, in which workpieces held in the workpiece spindle units can be machined with the tool. The aim of the invention is to provide a turning center which is compact as possible while allowing extensive turning and/or milling applications, and also ensures highest possible machining accuracy. For this purpose, the machine frame having a machine bed formed by two spaced-apart columns, by the first workpiece spindle unit being disposed on a front side of a first of the columns, facing the working space, by the second workpiece spindle unit being disposed on a front side of a second of the columns, facing the working space, and by the at least one tool carrier unit being disposed on a transverse side of one of the columns, facing the respective other column.

The invention relates to a turning center comprising a machine frame, a first workpiece spindle unit, which is disposed on the machine frame and has a first workpiece spindle that is rotatable about a first workpiece spindle axis, a second workpiece spindle unit, which is disposed on the machine frame and has a second workpiece spindle that is rotatable about a second workpiece spindle axis, at least one tool carrier unit, which is disposed on the machine frame and on which at least one tool for machining a workpiece held in the workpiece spindle units is disposed, and a working space, in which workpieces held in the workpiece spindle units can be machined with the tool.
Turning centers of this type are known from the prior art, requiring a disadvantageously great amount of space.
It is therefore an object of the invention to improve a turning center of the generic type in such a way that it is constructed to be as compact as possible while allowing extensive turning and/or milling applications, and also ensures highest possible machining accuracy.


A side-opening hinge-lid container for elongate smoking articles may include a body portion and a lid portion, with the lid portion connected to the body portion along a hinge line for pivotal movement between a closed position and an open position, in which at least a portion of the interior of the body portion is accessible. A body portion liner may be provided, and being mounted in the body portion while projecting sideways therefrom into a space covered by the lid portion in the closed position. An outwardly extending ear mounted on the body portion liner. An inwardly extending flap hingedly mounted in the lid portion for pivotal movement relative thereto. During pivotal movement of the lid portion between the open and closed positions, the flap engages the ear to produce a sound.

Smoking articles such as cigarettes and a variety of other consumer goods are commonly sold in hinge-lid containers having a body portion and a lid portion, which is hinged to the body portion. In conventional hinge-lid cigarette packs, the lid portion of the pack is hinged to the top of the rear wall of the body portion thereof along a transverse hinge line and the cigarettes stand in the body portion of the upright pack with their longitudinal axes parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pack. When the consumer opens the pack, by pivoting the front of the lid portion up and to the rear, the upper ends of the cigarettes standing in the body portion are exposed, while in the closed position, the front wall, rear wall and side walls of the lid portion of the hinge-lid pack form vertical extensions of the corresponding walls of the body portion thereof.
As an alternative to such conventional "top-opening" hinge-lid cigarette packs, it is also known to provide "side-opening" hinge-lid cigarette packs wherein the lid portion of the pack is hinged to an elongate open side of the body portion thereof and the cigarettes are housed in the body portion of the pack with their longitudinal axes parallel to the elongate open side thereof. WO-A-99/52791, for example, discloses a side-opening hinge-lid cigarette pack in which the rear wall of the lid portion of the pack is pivotally connected to the rear wall of the body portion along a vertical hinge line, parallel to the longitudinal axes of the cigarettes therein. The pack disclosed in WO-A-99/52791 further comprises a liner mounted in the body portion of the pack, which projects from the open side of the body portion into the space covered by the lid portion in the closed position. In use, cigarettes standing in the body portion of the pack are partially enclosed by the liner, a side wall of which prevents sideways escape of the cigarettes from the pack.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,058,646 discloses an alternative side-opening hinge-lid cigarette pack in which the bottom wall of the lid portion of the pack is pivotally connected to the bottom wall of the body portion along a horizontal hinge line, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cigarettes therein. Like the pack described in WO-A-99/52791, the pack of U.S. Pat. No. 3,058,646 also comprises a liner secured to the body portion of the pack, which projects from the open side of the body portion into the space covered by the lid portion in the closed position. As well as restricting sideways movement of cigarettes held in the body portion of the pack, the liner of the pack disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,058,646 is also provided with a pair of opposed tabs that extend substantially parallel to the plane of the front and rear walls thereof. In order to hold the pack in the open or closed position, as desired, the free ends of these tabs are adhered to the inner surface of the front and rear walls of the lid portion of the pack. In use, as the lid portion is pivoted about the hinge line in order to open and close the pack, folding of the tabs flexes the front and rear walls of the lid portion of the pack outwardly, is placing the tabs under compression and creating resistance to the opening and closing of the pack.

Side-opening hinge-lid container with audible indication of closure and/or opening


A color cathode ray tube includes a phosphor screen, a shadow mask closely spaced from the phosphor screen and electron gun. The electron gun has a plurality of electrodes including a plurality of cathodes for emitting a plurality of in-line electron beams, a control grid having a plurality of in-line apertures centered with the cathodes, an accelerating electrode, a cup-shaped focus electrode and a cup-shaped anode fixed on insulating supports. Each of the cup-shaped focus electrode and anode has at a first end face thereof opposing the other of the cup-shaped focus electrode and anode, a single opening surrounded by a rim formed by turning in the end face thereof toward an interior thereof. Each of said cup-shaped focus electrode and anode has a correction plate electrode therein, has a step on an inner wall thereof at a position set back from the first end face thereof to provide a first portion having an inside diameter larger on an open end side thereof opposite the first end face, than that of a second portion thereof on a side of the first end face. The correction plate electrode is pressed against the step and fixed to the cup-shaped electrode, or is fixed in the second portion of the smaller inside diameter.

The present invention relates to a color cathode ray tube, and particularly to a color cathode ray tube having precision main lens electrodes for an in-line type electron gun.
Color cathode ray tubes such as a color picture tube, a display tube, and the like are widely used as a receiver of TV broadcasting or as a monitor in an information processing apparatus for their high-definition image reproduction capability.
The color cathode ray tube of this kind includes a vacuum envelope comprised of at least a funnel having a faceplate carrying a phosphor screen on its inner surface at one end thereof, and a neck connected to the end of the funnel housing therein an electron gun structure for emitting electron beams toward the phosphor screen.
FIG. 15 is a schematic sectional view for explaining the configuration of a shadow mask type color cathode ray tube as one example of a color cathode ray tube to which the present invention is applied. Reference numeral 20 designates a faceplate, 21 a neck, 22 a funnel for connecting the faceplate to the neck, 23 a phosphor screen formed on the inner surface of the face plate to constitute an imaging screen, 24 a shadow mask which is a color selection electrode, 25 a mask frame for supporting the shadow mask to constitute a shadow mask structure, 26 an inner shield for shielding external magnetic fields, 27 a suspension spring mechanism for suspending the shadow mask structure on studs heat-sealed to the inner side wall in which the shadow mask structure is heat-sealed internally of the side wall of the face plate, 28 an electron gun housed in the neck for emitting three electron beams Bs (.times.2) and Bc, 29 a deflection device for horizontally and vertically deflecting the electron beams, 30 a magnetic device for carrying out a color purity adjustment and a centering adjustment, 31 a getter, 32 an internal conductive coating, and 33 an implosion protection band.
In the configuration shown in FIG. 15, the faceplate 20, the neck 21 and the funnel 22 constitute a vacuum envelope. Three electron beams Bc, and Bs.times.2 emitted in a line from the electron gun are horizontally and vertically deflected by magnetic fields formed by the deflection device 29 to scan the phosphor screen 23 two-dimensionally.
The three electron beams Bs, Bc.times.2 are respectively modulated by color signals of red (side beam Bs), green (center beam Bc) and blue (side beam BS) and subjected to color selection in beam apertures in the shadow mask 24 disposed immediately in front of the phosphor screen 23 to impinge upon a red phosphor, a green phosphor and a blue phosphor of the mosaic three color phosphors of the phosphor screen 23, thereby reproducing a desired color image.
FIG. 16 is a top view of main parts for explaining a structural example of an in-line type electron gun structure used for the color cathode ray tube shown in FIG. 15. Reference numeral 10 designates a cathode, 11 a first grid electrode serving as a control electrode, 12 a second grid electrode, 13 a third grid electrode, 14 a fourth grid electrode, 15 a fifth grid electrode, 16 a sixth grid electrode, 16a a correction plate electrode in the sixth grid electrode 16, 17 an anode, 17a a correction plate electrode in the anode, 18 a shield cup, and 19 insulating supports (only one of two is shown).
In the electron gun, three electron beams generated in a triode constituted by the cathode 10, the first grid electrode 11 and the second grid electrode 12 are accelerated and preliminarily focused by the third grid electrode 13, the fourth grid electrode 14 and the fifth grid electrode 15, focused as desired by a main lens formed between the opposing surfaces of the sixth grid electrode and the anode 17, and they are directed toward the phosphor screen as shown in FIG. 15.
In the electron gun of this type, the fifth electrode 15, the sixth electrode 16 and the anode 17 constituting the focus lens are cup-shaped. Particularly, each of the grid electrode 16 and the anode 17 constituting the final lens has a single opening surrounded by an in-turned rim on mutually facing ends thereof and has a correction plate electrode 16a, 17a therein set back from the mutually facing ends thereof which has an individual aperture therein for each of the electron beams, respectively.
FIGS. 17A and 17B are schematic sectional views for explaining a main lens forming electrode of the aforementioned type electrode gun. FIG. 17A is a sectional view in parallel with the in-line direction of the three beams, and FIG. 17B is a sectional view perpendicular to the in-line direction.
In FIGS. 17A and 17B, the sixth grid electrode 16 has a single opening 16-1 in the end face of the sixth grid electrode 16 opposing the anode 17, surrounded by a rim turned in an axial distance H toward the interior of the sixth grid electrode 16, and has a correction plate electrode 16a having three beam apertures therein corresponding to the number of the electron beams and disposed at a position therein set back a distance d1 from the single opening toward the interior of the sixth grid electrode, and similarly the anode 17 has a single opening 17-1 in the end face of the anode opposing the sixth grid electrode 16 across a spacing g, surrounded by a rim turned in an axial distance H toward the interior of the sixth electrode 16, and has a correction plate electrode 17a having three beam apertures therein corresponding to the number of the electron beams and disposed at a position therein set back a distance d2 from the single opening toward the interior of the anode. The correction plate electrode 17a has an opening for passing a center electron beam and forms passageways for side electron beams in cooperation with the inner wall of the cup-shaped anode 17. A combination of the single openings 16-1, 17-1 and the correction plate electrodes 16a, 17a produces an effectively large diameter electron lens. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-43532 Publication discloses an above-described effectively large diameter main lens formed by provision of oval rims in opposing end faces of a pair of electrodes in the main lens and correction plate electrodes set back from the respective opposing end faces toward the interiors of the respective electrodes.
FIGS. 18A to 18C are schematic sectional views for explaining the shapes of the electrodes for a main lens of the conventional electron gun. Generally, the inner wall of the cup-shaped electrode 16 (17) is formed to have an axially uniform inside diameter (in major and minor axis directions) from the open end A to the opposite end B formed with a rim as shown in FIG. 18A. The opening end A sometimes becomes narrower than the opposite end B after manufacturing process such as drawing as shown in FIG. 18B.
The outside diameters of the correction plate electrode are made substantially equal to the inside diameters of the cup-shaped electrode in major and minor axis lengths. Since the correction plate electrode 17a disposed within the anode 17 is semi-circular or semi-oval at both ends of its major axis, only top and bottom edges of the plate electrode in the minor axis direction are welded to the inner wall of the cup-shaped electrode.
When the correction plate electrode 16a (17a) is inserted into the cup-shaped electrode 16 (17) and fixed by laser weld or the like to a position of a desired set back amount d from the electrode end face to manufacture the electrode as shown in FIG. 18C, if the inside diameter of the cup-shaped electrode is of the shape shown in FIG. 18A or FIG. 18B, it is very difficult to accurately position the correction plate electrode 16a (17a) within the cup-shaped electrode (the sixth grid electrode 16 or the anode 17). Thus, it is difficult to establish the dimension d or to secure the parallelism with respect to the single opening, resulting in deterioration of characteristics of the electron gun.
As described above, in the conventional electron gun structure for the cathode ray tube, the correction plate electrode is welded by laser to a position set back from the rim in-turned internally of the opposing end faces of the cup-shaped electrode, within the cup-shaped electrode of the main lens. Therefore, variations in positioning accuracy of the correction plate electrode are caused by variations in the shape of the open end of the cup-shaped electrode, resulting in an increase of astigmatism of the lens.
There is a further problem in that it is very difficult to adjust the positioning of the correction plate electrode after being assembled and welded.
FIGS. 19A to 19C are schematic sectional views for explaining the shape of the main lens forming electrodes of the electron gun previously proposed by the present inventor, FIG. 19A is a sectional view similar to FIG. 17B illustrating the cup-shaped anode 17, FIG. 19B is a front view of the correction plate electrode 17a to be welded and fixed to the interior of the cup-shaped electrode 17, and FIG. 19C is an enlarged view of main parts of FIG. 19B.
As shown in FIG. 19A, the correction plate electrode 17a is inserted toward the opposite end formed with a rim along the inner wall B from the open end A of the cup-shaped anode 17, and fixed at its edges by laser weld or the like to the position of the set back amount d2. As shown in FIG. 19B, the correction plate electrode 17a has the beam aperture 17a for passing a center electron beam and two cutouts 17as for passing side electron beams at both its sides. The cutouts 17as form an electron beam aperture in cooperation with the inner wall of the anode 17.
Recesses 17b are formed by press-forming at the edges of the correction plate electrode 17a which contact the inner wall of the anode 17 when inserted into the anode 17, to reduce friction with the inner wall B and secure ease of assembling. However, when the recess 17b is press-formed in the correction plate electrode 17a, burrs 17d occur as shown in FIG. 19C. If the protrusion L' of the burr 17d is larger than the clearance between the plate electrode and the inner wall of the anode 17, this deforms the anode 17 and the correction plate electrode 17a.
In addition to burrs, variations of outside diameters of the correction plate electrode 17a and inside diameters of the open end of the cup-shaped electrode 17 hinder the ease of insertion of the correction plate electrode 17a into the cup-shaped electrode 17. This difficulty with of the insertion and variations of conditions of laser weld change the diameter of the opening in the cup-shaped electrode and the diameters of the apertures in the correction plate electrode which play the most important role in the assembled electrodes. This poses a problem in that characteristics of the electron gun is degraded by the reduced accuracy of the main lens electrode geometry and resultant increased astigmatism such that a cathode ray tube can not provide the desired performance.
There is a further problem in that it is very difficult to readjust the position of the correction plate electrode after it is assembled and welded to the cup-shaped electrode.
The same is true for the assembly of he sixth grid electrode 16 and the correction plate electrode 16a therefor, and the description associated with the problem is omitted.

Color cathode ray tube having correction plate electrodes mounted in steps


A generator air gap baffle train assembly includes linearly aligned baffle segments, linearly aligned wedge blocks, and a tensioning rod. Each baffle segment includes a radially outer portion having an outer surface to interface with the axial slot and a side surface angled with respect to the outer surface and an axially aligned first thru bore and a radially inner portion which projects into an air gap. A pair of wedge blocks are positioned on opposing sides of the radially outer portion, each wedge block including a side surface that interfaces with the side surface of the radially outer portion so that the interfacing surfaces are in abutting contact and an outer surface that interfaces with the axial slot and a second thru bore axially aligned with the first thru bore of each baffle segment. The tensioning rod is enclosed by a non-conducting hollow tube spanning between adjacent baffle segments.

Turbine generators employ internal air cooling systems to circulate cooling air within the machine. The cooling scheme of some generators requires the stator core be separated into different cooling zones. A plurality of axially aligned composite airflow baffles circumscribe the stator bore and establish cooling airflow zones in an air gap between the stator bore and the rotor that are bounded by the composite airflow baffles. These rings of airflow baffles should be able to be inserted after the rotor is installed in the machine.

Air gap baffle train for a zone cooled turbine generator


A machine for automatically loading elongated bars into an automatic screw machine. Each bar initially is advanced at a rapid rate and with relatively low force by a first fluid-operated actuator. When the leading end of the bar reaches the feed finger of the screw machine, a second fluid-operated actuator advances the bar at a slower speed and with relatively high force. A measuring device measures the distance through which the bar is advanced by the second actuator and automatically stops the advance when the leading end of the bar is located in a predetermined position.

This invention relates to apparatus for automatically loading elongated bar stock into the tool holder of a machine tool. A typical machine tool with which the present apparatus is especially adapted for use is a multiple spindle automatic screw machine. In machines of this type, an indexable stock reel is located ahead of the machine collets and carries a plurality (e.g., six) of tubes for guiding the bars toward the collets. Typically, a feed finger is located between each collet and the downstream end of each stock tube for incrementally feeding the bar into the screw machine once the bar has been turned over to the screw machine by the loader.
It is desirable for the loader to deliver the bars to the stock reel and through the stock tubes at a rapid rate. Substantial force, however, is needed to feed the bars through the feed fingers and to the collets. Also, it is desirable for final movement of the bars through the feed fingers to be at a relatively slow rate for purposes of positional accuracy.
While machines exist for loading bars first at a rapid rate and then at a slower rate, such machines are extremely complex. Also, prior art loading machines usually are customized for a particular type of automatic screw machine and do not readily lend themselves for use with different makes and models of screw machines.

Machine for automatically loading bar stock

c/o Sharon Screw Products, Inc., 1928 12th St.


A process for the preparation of a polyprenol represented by formula (1): ##STR1## where Y and Z individually represent a hydrogen atom or are coupled together to form a carbon-carbon bond; R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxyl group, and n is 0 or an integer not less than 1, by reacting an organic complex of an alkali metal with a compound represented by formula (2): ##STR2## where either V represents a halogen atom, while W and X are coupled together to form a carbon-carbon bond, or X represents a halogen atom, while V and W are coupled together to form a carbon-carbon bond; A represents a protective group for a hydroxyl group, and Y, Z and n are as defined above.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyprenols. The polyprenols prepared by the present invention are useful as pharmaceuticals or synthesis intermediates therefor. Among the polyprenols prepared by the present invention, is, for example, 3,7,11,15,19,23,27-heptamethyl-6,10,14,18,22,26-octacosahexaen-1-ol.
2. Description of the Related Art
Several methods are known for reducing an allylic terminal, including:
(1) using NaBH.sub.4 in dimethylsulfoxide as a solvent [see J. Am. Chem. Soc., 92, 4463 (1970)], PA1 (2) using LiAlH.sub.4 [see J. Am. Chem. Soc., 95, 553 (1973)], PA1 (3) using sodium formate as a hydrogen source in the presence of a palladium catalyst [see Chem. Lett., 1463 (1986)], and PA1 (4) using diisobutyl aluminum hydride (DIBAL) as a hydrogen source in the presence of a palladium catalyst [see J. Org. Chem., 56, 2918 (1991)]. PA1 R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxyl group; and PA1 n is 0 or an integer not less than 1, PA1 which comprises reacting an organic complex of an alkali metal with a compound (hereafter abbreviated as Compound (2)) represented by the following formula (2): ##STR4## where either V represents a halogen atom, while W and X are coupled together to form a carbon-carbon bond, or PA1 X represents a halogen atom, while V and W are coupled together to form a carbon-carbon bond; PA1 A represents a hydroxyl protecting group; and PA1 Y, Z and n have the same meanings as defined above with respect to formula (1).
In the case of the synthesis of a polyprenol from a terminal allyl halide, it is necessary not only to conduct dehalogenation but also to form a carbon-carbon double bond at a selected position. Upon dehalogenation of a terminal allyl halide, use of method (1) described above, however, causes hydroboration owing to BH.sub.3 formed after dehalogenation. The more carbon-carbon double bonds present in the molecule, the more eminent such a tendency becomes, which brings about a reduction in the yield of a polyprenol. In the above-described method (2), on the other hand, it is difficult from an industrial viewpoint to handle LiAlH.sub.4 because it is a powder and has undesirable ignition properties. The above-described method (3) involves a problem in selectivity because many positional isomers of the carbon-carbon double bond may be formed. Method (4) described above has high positional selectivity for a carbon-carbon double bond, but requires temperature as low as -78.degree. C. as necessary for the reaction and, in addition, the palladium catalyst is expensive.
Accordingly, any one of the above methods are not satisfactory for the preparation of a polyprenol selectively and industrially advantageously.


Embodiments of a cell traverse for an aseptic region of a filling machine for filling packages with flowable products are provided. The cell traverse includes a frame structure with a first lateral longitudinal structure and a second lateral longitudinal structure opposite the first longitudinal structure. Also included are a plurality of transverse elements arranged between the first and second longitudinal structures and connecting the longitudinal structures. Between the longitudinal structures and the transverse elements a plurality of cells of the cell traverse are formed for receiving packages to be filled. The cell traverse also includes insert elements, which each have the frame structure, in particular at least one longitudinal structure and/or at least one transverse element, and at least some of the insert elements are detachably connected to the frame structure of the cell traverse.

Generic filling machines are used to fill packages preferably with flowable foods. In particular, packages which are open on one side to provide an opening for filling the packages are used as packages. The packages may, for example, be carton composite packages formed from a packaging material in the form of a laminate comprising a cardboard layer and outer, in particular thermoplastic, plastic layers such as polyethylene (PE). The carton gives the packages sufficient stability so that they can be easily handled and stacked, for example. The plastic layers protect the carton from moisture and allow the packaging material to be sealed to form a tight package. In addition, further layers, such as an aluminium layer, may be provided to prevent diffusion of oxygen and other gases through the package. However, a package can also be a bottle, such as a PET bottle.
Packages are typically filled with food under sterile conditions. Not only the food to be filled, but also the package has to be sterilized. For this purpose, the food is normally heated for a certain period of time. The packages are usually first blown out with sterile hot air. A sterilizing agent which is typically or at least contains hydrogen peroxide is then introduced into the packages heated in this way. Since the package is preheated, high reaction rates are achieved during sterilisation and condensation is prevented from forming in the package. Moisture and residual hydrogen peroxide are then removed from the package by drying the package with drying air, which is preferably hot and sterile. Then, under sterile conditions, the sterile package is filled with the product, which is also sterile and predominantly flowable, especially liquid. Such products are typically foods such as juices, milk, sauces and the like. In addition to at least one liquid component, foodstuffs may also contain chunky components. After the packages have been filled, they are sealed in a sterile atmosphere.
During sterilisation and/or filling, the packages can be transported continuously through the filling machine at a constant speed as required. Alternatively, however, the packages are moved through the filling machine in cycles, i.e. step by step. The packages can take up specific positions one after the other for a certain period of time, in which the packages can be pressurised with hot air, sterilising agent and/or drying air or filled with the product to be filled, standing still via at least one nozzle.
The targeted transport of the packages through the filling machine is often facilitated by a transport device which has a series of revolving movable cell traverses with cells. The cells of a cell traverse typically pass through the same process step of the filling machine at the same time. By providing several parallel cell traverses one behind the other, cells arranged one behind the other are created. In a feeding area, the packages are transferred one after the other from a feeding device into the cells of the cell traverses arranged one behind the other. The packages are then moved in the cells through a filling area to a dispensing area, during which the packages are sterilized, filled and sealed as described. An aseptic or sterile area (aseptic area) is required from sterilisation to sealing of the package and especially when filling the packages. The cell traverses must therefore not introduce any germs or other impurities into the aseptic area. At the same time, the cell traverses must be able to withstand aseptic conditions (high temperatures, water, sterilising agents such as hydrogen peroxide). In the delivery area, the packages are then delivered via a corresponding delivery device. The now empty cells are then moved back to the feed area via a return area in order to be able to pick up the packages, in particular packages open on one side, to be filled again. Typically, the filling area and the return area are approximately linear, while between them there are deflection areas in which the transport direction of the cells is reversed. For reasons of space, the feed and discharge devices are typically assigned to the deflection areas.
The cell traverses are designed in such a way that they are also suitable for accommodating slightly different package sizes with the same cross section. That means, that the cell is preferably suitable for accommodating packages of the same cross-section but of different heights. In practice, groups from 80 ml to 250 ml or 500 ml to 1000 ml or 1400 ml to 2000 ml or similar ranges occur. However, if geometrically different packages (e.g. different groups) are to be filled with the filling machine, it is often necessary to replace the cell traverses. Since the transport equipment of a filling machine often comprises dozens of cell traverses and a change is correspondingly time-consuming, this can lead to a not inconsiderable production standstill. In addition, different groups of cell traverses must be kept available. Apart from the cell geometry, other properties of the cell traverses, such as material properties or flow properties of the cell traverses, can also lead to these having to be exchanged.
At the same time, it must be taken into account that the cell traverses must always meet further requirements, in particular with regard to their resistance if they are exposed to the conditions prevailing in the aseptic area of the filling machine (heat, water, sterilising agents) or hygienic requirements.

Cell traverse with insert elements for a filling machine


An apparatus, system, and method for optimization. The apparatus, system, and method include a mechanism for ending an optimization when all models within one design tolerance of an optimum model have been simulated.

Engine performance simulation software has become an integral part of the engine designer's toolkit. However, optimization of a particular design using such software is often difficult and time consuming. That is due primarily to the number of parameters required to adequately characterize the engine and the interdependency of these parameters on one another. The present invention describes apparatuses, systems, and methods that help to automate the engine design process and shorten the development time to meet specified performance goals.


A high risk vehicle windshield protective device is provided for a windshield of an automobile and consists of a bullet resistant panel pivotally mounted to the underside of the roof of the automobile adjacent the windshield. A bullet proof glass panel slides within a pair of tracks on the forward side edges of the bullet resistant panel, so that it can be pulled down and extended behind the windshield to protect an occupant most likely the driver from being shot through the windshield during dangerous situation and alternatively stored away when not in use.

The instant invention relates generally to protective transparent shields and more specifically it relates to a law enforcement high risk vehicle windshield protective device.
Numerous protective transparent shields have been provided in the prior art that are adapted to be utilized on windshields of motor vehicles, so as to withstand gun fire at close range. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,855,898 to McDonald; U.S. Pat. No. 3,866,242 to Slagel and U.S. Pat. No. 4,643,477 to Kovatch all are illustrative of such prior art. While these units may be suitable for the particular purpose to which they address, they would not be as suitable for the purpose of the present invention as hereafter described.

Law enforcement high risk vehicle windshield protective device


A bendable area design for flexible printed circuitboard is disclosed. The flexible printed circuitboard (FPC) is comprised of: a flexible substrate; at least a circuit pattern; and a bendable area, being formed intersecting with the at least one circuit pattern and having at least a groove formed therein at a position corresponding to the intersection with the at least one circuit pattern; wherein the depth of the at least one groove is no larger than the thickness of the corresponding circuit pattern for preventing the circuit pattern from being cut off by the groove. By configuring the aforesaid bendable area in the FPC, stress generated by the bending of the FPC is restricted inside the bendable area effectively so that accurate control of the bending angle for bending FPC can be realized.

A flexible printed circuit board (FPC) is a circuit board which can be easily bent and flexible, so that it is commonly used for connecting various parts of foldable electronic devices, such as clamshell phone hinges, etc. Thus, it is important to have a FPC capable of being bended at an exact position where is it is designed to be bended.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a white line 11 is usually being marked on a conventional FPC 10 at a position where it is designed to be bended and is used for assisting an operator of a bending process to identify the position where the FPC is supported to be bended. However, as there can be tolerance for the marking of the while line 11 on the FPC 10 in addition to the error caused by the manual bending of the operator, accurate control of the bending angle for bending FPC 10 can not be realized.
There are some manufacturers trying to improve the aforesaid bending accuracy by hollowing a portion of their FPCs at positions where it is supposed to be bended, However, such method will damage the FPCs, causing the strength of the FPCs to reduce and sometimes even crack.

Bendable area design for flexible printed circuitboard


A beam key and wheel assembly for aircraft brakes is presented. A beam key is pinned at one end to the aircraft wheel and is engaged proximate an opposite end to a pad on an outrigger flange of the wheel. The pad has a milled arcuate surface which is congruent with and nestingly receives a similar arcuate surface of a foot member. The foot has a channel formed therein on a side opposite the arcuate surface, the channel matingly receiving a base on a bottom surface of the beam key. A bolt passes through the beam key, foot, and pad on the outrigger flange to secure the elements together.

It is well known that aircraft brakes typically employ a stack of alternatingly interleaved stator and rotor disks, such disks being adapted for selective frictional engagement with each other. The stator disks are typically splined to the axle of the aircraft, while the rotors are keyed to the wheel. As is known in the art, a series of beam keys are circumferentially spaced about an inner portion of the wheel and engage key slots in the outer circumferential surface of the rotors. The beam keys typically have one end thereof pinned to the wheel, and an opposite end mounted to an outrigger flange of the wheel. As shown in FIG. 1, a beam key and wheel assembly in accordance with the prior art is designated by the numeral 10. Here, a beam key 12 is mounted upon a foot 14 which in turn is engaged to an outrigger flange 16 of the wheel 18. A nut and bolt assembly 20 attains the secured engagement of the beam key 12, foot 14, and outrigger flange 16. The bolt of the nut and bolt assembly 10 is a shear bolt. Typically, a thermal insulator 22 is interposed between the foot 14 and the outrigger flange 16 to minimize the transfer of heat from the heat sink of the brake disk stack to outrigger flange 16.
Another prior art beam key and wheel assembly is illustrated in FIG. 2 and designated generally by the numeral 28. In this embodiment, the beam key 30 is received upon a foot 32 which is maintained in a channel 34 which is milled from the outrigger flange 36 of the wheel 38. A nut and bolt assembly 40 is again provided for purposes of securing the beam key 30, foot 32, and outrigger flange 36 together. The bolt of the nut and bolt assembly 40 is preferably a shear bolt.
In the beam key and wheel assembly 10 of FIG. 1, the beam key 12 has a rather wide flange to provide a reaction to the overturning moment to which it is subjected in operation. In beam key and wheel assembly 28 of FIG. 2, a similar wide flange is used to react to the overturning moment, but the shear loads are first received by channel 34 milled out of the outrigger flange 36. The prior art structures of FIGS. 1 and 2 are typical in the industry. This embodiment of FIG. 2 allows a smaller diameter bolt to be used than in the embodiment of FIG. 1, since the bolt in the assembly 28 is primarily in tension rather than combined tension and shear. The channel 34 also increases the fixity at the bottom end of the key, reducing the load at the opposite "post" or pinned end of the key. In contradistinction, the assembly 10 has typically required a bushing or sacrificial member in the pinned end of the wheel. This requirement, combined with the necessity of a larger diameter nut and bolt assembly 20 in the embodiment of FIG. 1, can make that embodiment heavier than the embodiment of FIG. 2. However, the precise machining required for the wheels employing the embodiment of FIG. 2 is time consuming and expensive. Specifically, the channel 34 must be milled out using a "stitching" technique, which is both costly and time consuming. The use of right angle milling cutters making passes to machine the slot adds significantly to the cost of manufacturing the preferred prior art embodiment of FIG. 2.
There is a need in the art for a beam key and wheel assembly which provides for the secure and force dissipating engagement between the beam key and the wheel which is attained by employing the technique and structure of FIG. 2, but which enjoys a reduction in both the time and cost to manufacture.


An object is to prevent a false signal from being generated. In a CCD comprising a lot of photodiodes, vertical transfer paths, and a horizontal transfer path, signal charges respectively representing R, G and B color components are mixed in the horizontal transfer path. Therefore, readout of the signal charges inputted to the horizontal transfer path from the photodiodes is controlled such that the order of the color components respectively represented by the signal charges is a repetition of R, G, B and G and a repetition of B, G, R and G in every other row. When complementary colors are generated by mixing pixels in the horizontal transfer path, they differ even in the same column, thereby making it possible to prevent a false signal from being generated.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a solid-state electronic image imaging device comprising a lot of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in the column direction and the row direction, vertical transfer paths for transferring signal charges respectively accumulated in the photoelectric conversion elements in the vertical direction, transfer gates for respectively shifting the signal charges accumulated in the photoelectric conversion elements to the vertical transfer paths upon receipt of transfer gate pulses, and a horizontal transfer path for horizontally transferring the signal charges transferred from the vertical transfer paths and a method of controlling the operation thereof.
2. Background of the Invention
A CCD (Charge Coupled Device) in a honeycomb arrangement where photoelectric conversion elements are arranged in odd rows or even rows with respect to odd columns and arranged in even rows or odd rows with respect to even columns has been developed. In the CCD of the honeycomb arrangement, color filters which allow the transmission of a blue or red light component are respectively arranged on the photoelectric conversion elements in odd rows or even rows, and color filters which allow the transmission of a blue or red light component are alternately arranged for each column and for each row on the photoelectric conversion elements in even rows or odd rows.
In the CCD of the honeycomb arrangement, when signal charges are respectively shifted from the photoelectric conversion elements to the vertical transfer paths and are thinned such that the amount of signal charges is reduced to half, the signal charges outputted from the vertical transfer paths may, in some cases, be the same as signal charges obtained in a case where the same color filters are arranged on the photoelectric conversion elements of one column, for example, those in a solid-state electronic imaging device where color filters which allow the transmission of an R (red), G (green) or B (blue) light component are arranged on the photoelectric conversion elements of one column for each column. In such a case, when signal charges corresponding to three pixels which are adjacent in the horizontal direction are mixed to generate complementary colors, all of the columns are white (W), yellow (Ye) or cyan (Cy) (the reason why the complementary colors are generated is that the number of pixels corresponding to the signal charges is substantially reduced to one-third by generating the complementary colors, thereby making it possible to increase the speed of transfer).
In order to return (or reproduce) signals representing the generated complementary colors to an RGB color signal, signals representing three complementary colors, i.e., white, yellow and cyan are required. Unless signal charges corresponding to four pixels are used in the horizontal direction, the three complementary colors, i.e., white, yellow and cyan cannot be obtained. Even if signal processing is devised, therefore, false signals are increased.
Such a problem also arises with a so-called G-stripe B/R checkered color filter arrangement where color filters which allow the transmission of a green light component are arranged in a vertical stripe shape, and color filters which allow the transmission of a blue or red light component are arranged in a checkered shape.

Solid-state electronic imaging device and method of controlling opertion thereof


A first routing bridge (RB) according to an example determines whether there is a nickname conflict between nicknames of the first RB and a second RB. If there is a nickname conflict, the first RB determines whether it is a lower priority RB and may modify its nickname if it is lower priority and based on a broadcast of link state packet from the second RB.

Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) is a Layer 2 (L2) network standard recommended by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), and may make up for the lack of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) in a large data center.
In a TRILL network, a device running TRILL protocol is called a Routing Bridge (RB), and each RB has a unique nickname. The first RB that a unicast frame encounters in a campus in the TRILL network encapsulates the frame with a TRILL header that specifies the last RB where the frame is decapsulated. To save room in the TRILL header and simplify forwarding lookups, a dynamic nickname acquisition protocol is run among the RBs to select 2-octet nicknames for RBs. The nicknames are used to specify the ingress and egress RBs in the TRILL header.

Processing nickname conflict in TRILL network

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