The present invention relates to a nectarine tree and more particularly to a new and distinct variety broadly characterized by a medium size, vigorous, half-hardy, self-fertile, productive and regular bearing tree that requires only 450 chilling hours. The fruit matures under the ecological conditions described in late May, with first picking on May 24, 2005. The fruit is uniformly medium in size, excellent in flavor, globose in shape, clingstone in type, firm in texture, white in flesh color, and mostly red in skin color. The variety was developed as a first generation cross using an unnamed white flesh peach as the selected seed parent and ‘Rose Bright’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 15,845) as the selected pollen parent.

In a continuing effort to improve the quality of shipping fruits, I, the inventor, typically hybridize a large number of peach, nectarine, plum, apricot, and cherry seedlings each year. The present invention relates to a new and distinct variety of nectarine tree, which has been denominated varietally as 'MAY PEARL II'. The present variety was hybridized by me in 2001, grown as a seedling on its own root in my greenhouse, and transplanted to a cultivated area of my experimental orchard near Le Grand, Calif. in Merced County (San Joaquin Valley).
The variety was developed as a first generation cross using an unnamed white flesh peach (unpatented) as the selected seed parent and 'Rose Bright' (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 15,845) as the selected pollen parent. A single tree from the stated cross was selected as the claimed variety. Subsequent to origination of the present variety of nectarine tree, I asexually reproduced it by budding and grafting in the experimental orchard described above, and such reproduction of plant and fruit characteristics were true to the original plant in all respects. The reproduction of the variety included the use of 'Nemaguard' (unpatented) rootstock upon when the present variety was compatible and true to type.
The present variety is very distinguished from its pollen parent, 'Rose Bright' (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 15,845) nectarine, by producing nectarines that are white instead of yellow in flesh color and that are sub-acid instead of acid in flavor.
The present variety is similar to 'Early Pearl' (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 14,248) nectarine, by producing nectarines that are firm in texture, sub-acidic and sweet in flavor, full red in skin color, and white in flesh color, but is distinguished therefrom by requiring less chilling hours, blooming earlier, and producing fruit that is somewhat larger in size and that has a sweet instead of bitter kernel.


A touch sensor panel including a plurality of drive lines crossing a plurality of sense lines, forming an array, is disclosed. The plurality of drive lines and the plurality of sense lines are formed by interconnecting a plurality of substantially transparent conductive sections having a first resistivity. A substantially transparent conductive material, with a second resistivity that is lower than the first resistivity, is deposited over at least part of at least one of the plurality of substantially transparent conductive sections of at least one of the plurality of drive lines and the plurality of sense lines. A second layer of the substantially transparent conductive material, with the second resistivity, can be deposited thereafter. At least one dummy section is disposed in an area of the touch sensor panel around the conductive sections of at least one of the plurality of drive lines and the plurality of sense lines.

Many types of input devices are presently available for performing operations in a computing system, such as buttons or keys, mice, trackballs, joysticks, touch sensor panels, touch screens and the like. Touch screens, in particular, are becoming increasingly popular because of their ease and versatility of operation as well as their declining price. Touch screens can include a touch sensor panel, which can be a clear panel with a touch-sensitive surface, and a display device such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) that can be positioned partially or fully behind the panel so that the touch-sensitive surface can cover at least a portion of the viewable area of the display device. Touch screens can allow a user to perform various functions by touching the touch sensor panel using a finger, stylus or other object at a location dictated by a user interface (UI) being displayed by the display device. In general, touch screens can recognize a touch event and the position of the touch event on the touch sensor panel, and the computing system can then interpret the touch event in accordance with the display appearing at the time of the touch event, and thereafter can perform one or more actions based on the touch event.
Mutual capacitance touch sensor panels can be formed from a matrix of drive and sense lines of a substantially transparent conductive material such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), often arranged in rows and columns in horizontal and vertical directions on a substantially transparent substrate. Signals transmitted through the drive lines pass through the static mutual capacitance at the crossover points (sensing pixels) of the drive lines and the sense lines. The static mutual capacitance, and any changes to the static mutual capacitance due to a touch event, can be determined from sense signals that are generated in the sense lines due to the drive signals.
In order to minimize negative visual effects on the LCD image, the ITO forming the touch sensing pixels should not introduce any color shift, moiré, or visual artifacts of any kind. Ideally, the ITO pixel layer should be invisible to the human eye. To achieve this goal, the thickness of the ITO layer must be less than the thickness threshold where negative visual effects such as color shift become apparent. In large touch screens, because of the large distance over which the ITO must span, the electrical resistance of the drive and sense lines can become so large that the resulting resistance and capacitance (RC) time constant reduces the rate at which the touch screen can be scanned. This can lead to slow response to user input and overall poor system performance. A solution to reducing the RC time constant is to use a thicker ITO coating. However, a uniformly thicker ITO would also introduce an undesirable color shift along with some reduction in overall light transmission.


A method and system for virtualizing images. Multiple images are shadowed (i.e., copied) into portions of the physical address space of system memory. A mapping mechanism is effected to map all of the images into a common virtual address space, wherein images in the virtual address space are overlapped, thus enabling the images to be logically stored in a portion of virtual memory having a size less than the aggregated size of the images. In some embodiments, the images comprise option ROM images, which are shadowed into system memory during the pre-boot of a computer system. Due to legacy requirements, the option ROM images must be logically located in a limited portion of virtual memory (i.e., the common virtual address space). The embodiments enable a large number of option ROM images to be shadowed at the same time. In one embodiment, system hardware is programmed by firmware to effect a dynamic mapping between virtual pages at which an image is logically located to physical pages where the image is physically located.

Since the introduction of the personal computer (PC) architecture in 1981 and the ubiquitous PC-AT (advanced technology) architecture in 1984, PC-based computer systems have been continuously evolving. A concurrent evolution has likewise occurred with processors and operating systems. Although dramatic advancements have been made in each of these areas, the evolution process has been somewhat restricted due to legacy provisions. The legacy provisions result, in part, from the widespread popularity of PC's, which represent the vast majority of computers used worldwide. It is estimated that upwards of 100 million PC's are sold per year.
To better understand the reason for legacy provisions, consider that the PC-AT architecture is an open architecture, allowing literally 10's of thousands of peripheral components and software applications to be used on a PC-AT-based platform. Now consider the aspect of add-on peripherals. The PC-AT architecture introduced the industry standard architecture (ISA) bus and corresponding ISA expansion slots. Expansion slot architecture has evolved to include such variants as EISA (Enhanced ISA), microchannel (MC), ISA plug-n-play, and PCI (peripheral component interface), the current de-facto standard.
In order to maximize the potential market, peripheral components, such as add-on cards, have been designed to support the most basic common denominator—that is, the original PC-AT architecture. In particular, many of today's PC and PC-based server designs provide support for both ISA bus add-on cards and PCI add-on cards. ISA add-on cards are often referred to as "legacy" cards, due to their legacy requirements. Other architectures, such as PCI, provide mechanisms for supporting various legacy requirements. This continued support for legacy technology has generally restricted the level of enhancement that is provided in a new platform design. For example, it would be advantageous to start PC architecture anew, with a clean slate. However, this simply is not realistic.
One problem with legacy components and their carry-over designs is the original legacy architecture was designed in view of limited resources and thus, limited expandability. For example, at the time the PC-AT architecture was introduced, a "full" 640K (kilobytes) of memory was considered a large leap forward when compared with the 256K of memory common to the original PC architecture.
One provision that was added with the PC-AT architecture was the ability to provide optional firmware code on an "Option ROM (read-only memory)." Typically, an ISA or PCI add-on peripheral card may include an option ROM (also referred to as an expansion ROM for PCI) that contains object code or interpreter code that is used to initialize a peripheral device and possibly host a firmware-based interface between the peripheral card and an operating system. Basically, the option ROM architecture provides a convenient way to extend BIOS (basic input/output system) support to add-on peripherals without requiring a commensurate change to the system BIOS.
In accordance with legacy architecture considerations, PC option ROM code is mapped to a predetermined region of the physical memory address space. More specifically, the physical address space from 0xC0000p through 0xDFFFFp (p representing physical) is reserved for option ROM mapping. This includes two 64K memory regions known as the C-segment and D-segment, respectively. This provides for a 128K limit for all ISA and PCI option ROM code for a given system.
With the recent advancement in processor technologies, the computer system architecture landscape has dramatically changed. Modern processors, such as Intel's® IA-64 processor family, are designed to perform a large number of concurrent tasks. For example, an IA-64-based platform can provide the same service as a large number of individual servers that employ lesser processors. This can be particularly advantageous for supporting a large amount of I/O (input/output) channels, such as network channels and mass storage channels. As a result, various vendors have desired to deploy IA-64-based platforms that include multiple expansion slot racks or the like to provide support for 10's to 100's of add-on peripheral cards.
Firmware architecture advancements, such as the Enhanced Firmware Interface (EFI) standard, provide a means to ameliorate the 128-kbyte option ROM limit discussed above. However, most peripheral card manufacturer would prefer to design for a large target market, and many IT departments would like to implement existing ISA and PCI cards in their upgraded servers. As a result, the vast majority of existing peripheral cards do not support EFI. But what if the platform design is to support a moderate to large number of ISA legacy peripheral cards and/or PCI peripheral cards that include option ROMs? Under conventional practices, this is not possible, as the 128-kbyte option ROM limit would be quickly consumed, preventing mapping to the object or interpreted code for many, if not most, of the option ROMs.


An oscillating blade for cutting or shaping sheet materials such as drywall, with a blade, a sharing portion, a depth gauge for determining depth of cut, a caliper portion for premarking sheet materials for a standard dimension cut, and a reverse direction blade.

The present invention relates generally to oscillating tool blades, and more specifically to oscillating tool blades with blade features and measuring devices for accurately cutting and shaping sheet goods such as drywall.
Oscillating tools are hand-held, electrically or pneumatically powered, devices that transfer torque to an oscillating blade mounted on the tool. Oscillating blades are manufactured with various types of cutting edges to cut, abrade, or shape materials. Oscillating blades have also been manufactured with shanks that are bent to enable a cutting edge to be brought into contact with material at a desired angle.
Typically, oscillating blades have a single cutting edge intended to perform a specific task on a specific material. The cutting edges may be knife edge, saw teeth, or abrasive material. Blades are easily changed by a quick-connecting mount on the oscillating tool, so that any number of tasks can be performed using the oscillating tool by simply changing blades.
Drywall, cement board, gypsum board, and other types of sheet goods, including fiber board, particle board, and plywood (collectively referred to herein as "drywall") can be cut using oscillating blades, as well as by various other tools. Knives, routers, saws (both hand and powered) can be used for cutting sheets down to size or to make plunge cuts to create openings away from the edges of the board for access to electrical junction/gang boxes, plumbing, and structural features, for example.
Cutting openings in drywall for access to electrical junction/gang boxes requires precision because drywall openings that do not closely match the location or size of the junction/gang box require costly repairs or wasted materials. Various power tools have been developed to simplify the task. For example, a sheet of drywall installed on a wall will completely cover a junction/gang box, but by knowing the general location of the box, an installer can use a drywall router with a bit having an edge guide bearing against the junction/gang box to route an opening that closely matches the junction/gang box. A similar process can be done by hand.
One downside of this router process is that junction/gang boxes typically already contain wires or other sensitive components. Routing into and around junction/gang boxes can, therefore, risk damaging whatever is in or adjacent to the junction/gang box. Various types of protective covers can be installed over wires in the junction/gang boxes prior to drywall installation, but they require additional time and expense.
Another method requires cutting openings before the drywall is installed by accurately marking and cutting a hole or opening and installing the drywall. This method requires measuring the location of the mounted junction/gang box and transferring that measurement to the drywall. Once the location is marked on the drywall, the dimensions of the junction/gang box are used to mark and cut the opening. Accurate measuring and cutting with this method are critical, and difficult for the inexperienced drywall installer.
Oscillating tools can also be used to cut openings in drywall, and oscillating blades with saw teeth are less likely to damage wires because the degree of movement in an oscillating blade is only about two to five degrees, so they have a short stroke that is less likely to damage wires. Nonetheless, it is preferred to limit contact between power tools and wiring or other electrical and communication components installed in junction/gang boxes. Further, using an oscillating blade is not as accurate because oscillating blades do not bear against junction/gang boxes edges like router bits do. Thus, although useful, oscillating blades are not always as accurate as router bits, for example.
One oscillating blade developed for this purpose is an oscillating drywall blade sold under the brand name QBIT, part no. SQ1000-S, which is a box shaped blade having four walls and accurate saw teeth for cutting into the drywall. The box-shaped blade matches the size of a single junction/gang box, so the opening need not be premeasured. Nonetheless, the oscillating motion of the blade does not align with all of the saw teeth, and the cut is not clean.
Another drywall blade is an oscillating drywall blade sold under the brand name DREMEL Multi-Max MM435 Drywall Jab Saw, which has a rearwardly directed saw blade and a rounded shank. The tip of the saw blade is used to jab drywall for an initial opening and then the saw blade is used to cut the opening, as previously marked on the drywall. This type of blade cuts drywall, but measuring and layout of the junction/gang box measurements is necessary, and the tool itself.
Thus, there is a need for an oscillating tool blade that quickly and easily cuts accurate holes in drywall.


In a system where client and server components (or actors) of an application are organized as complementary hierarchical graphs, a method and apparatus for creating server applications and dynamically deploying server applications on a client system are described. The server graph comprises, as a minimum, server nodes corresponding to the union of all possible client nodes, whereas each client graph corresponds to a subset of the related server nodes. The server graph is a compound tree from which all possible combinations of client trees can be dynamically created. At a desired time, for example, when the client requests for a client tree representation, the server creates the client tree representation using a peeling process to determine which nodes in the server actor tree should be included in the client tree representation. The peeling process involves determining the server actor nodes that meet a set of criteria for the particular client. The generated client tree structure contains objects that are shipped via a secured communication interface to the client in a tree structure.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of computer applications, and, more specifically, to object-oriented client-server applications.
Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Java, Java 3D and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.
2. Background Art
In monolithically designed object-oriented computer applications, program code is developed as a collection of objects linked as an "object web." Each object encapsulates its own data, as well as methods for operating on that data. In the execution of the application, messages are sent between objects, calling the various methods to implement the application. However, more and more frequently, applications are being designed as distributed in nature. That is, elements of the application may exist in separate execution environments, sometimes resident within the same computer system, but more often executed in multiple computer systems coupled via a network. An example of such a distributed scheme is the client-server paradigm. Unfortunately, as described below, it is difficult for monolithic distributed applications to provide efficient communication between the distributed elements of the application.
In a client-server application, the functionality of the application is split between two primary locations, i.e., the "client" and the "server." In many cases, the same server will interface with multiple clients, e.g., for common access to a database or shared services. In this type of environment, for a monolithically designed application, communication is generalized into simple client-server messages transmitted over a common communication channel.
Typically, one communication object or component of the client receives all outgoing message requests from the application objects local to the client. Those outgoing message requests are packaged (e.g., as a network packet) and sent via the common channel to the server. At the server, another communication object receives the packaged message. The communication object, or other server resident object, must then determine what the message is regarding (i.e., what is the message context) and which object on the server should handle the message. It is possible that the message will be processed in this manner by multiple objects before being forwarded to the desired target object on the server. The same communication procedure is repeated over the common communication channel for communications originating from the server for processing by the client.
The process of determining the message context and identifying the appropriate target object can be non-trivial, particularly for large applications. Because the application is monolithic in nature, it may not be obvious which object should handle a message having a particular context. Extra effort may be needed to predetermine what sort of message contexts each object can handle, and organize this predetermined information into a useful format. The application structure must then remain fixed in order for this predetermined information to remain valid. Constraining the application to a static configuration in this way undesirably eliminates any dynamic flexibility in the application, making improvements and alterations to the application more complicated. Efforts are thus needed to improve the efficiency of communication in distributed applications without constraining the flexibility of those applications.
Improving communication in distributed applications require a complex operating architecture and creates a challenge for the designer by requiring development of server side objects and, possibly, multiple client side objects for different clients communicating with the same server side object. Thus, a method is needed to improve design of architectures for distributed applications.
Efforts in the organization of applications include the development of hierarchical tools referred to as "scenegraphs," which are used to organize rendering applications as directed acyclic graphs. A description of scenegraph techniques is provided below.
Scenegraph Techniques
A scenegraph is a tree structure comprising a multiplicity of nodes interconnected in a hierarchical manner. This hierarchical structure provides a well-organized framework for software applications, and one in which functionality may be easily augmented through the addition of one or more nodes to an existing scenegraph. Individual functional application elements are constructed as separate node objects and connected together in a treelike structure. Those node objects are then manipulated using their predefined accessor, mutator and node-linking methods.
For reference, an object is a programming unit that groups together a data structure (one or more instance variables) and the operations (methods) that can use or affect that data. Thus, an object consists of data and one or more operations or procedures that can be performed on that data. An object can be instructed to perform one of its methods when it receives a "message." A message is a command or instruction sent to the object to execute a certain method. A message consists of a method selection (e.g., method name) and zero or more arguments. A message tells the receiving object what operations to perform.
Any given object is an "instance" of a particular class. A class provides a definition for an object which typically includes both fields (e.g., variables) and methods. (The term "object" by itself is often used interchangeably to refer to a particular class or a particular instance.) An instance of a class includes the variables and methods defined for that class. Multiple instances can be created from the same class.
In the construction of a scenegraph, a child node object is attached to a parent group node object by calling the "addChild" method of the parent node object and specifying the child node object in the input field. A reference to the child node object is then stored in the parent node object, enabling general scenegraph mechanisms, such as traversal methods, to be implemented between the parent and child node objects. Other specific mechanisms for linking child nodes may be implemented for specific node object types. Also, constraints may be placed on what types of node objects may be linked as children to other specific node types to enforce particular nodal relationships of scenegraph implementations.
Scenegraphs are currently used in graphics rendering applications. The scenegraph contains a complete description of the entire scene, or virtual universe. This includes the geometric data, the attribute information, and the viewing information needed to render the scene from a particular point of view. In the case of a 3D scene, the scenegraph hierarchy promotes a spatial grouping of geometric objects found at the leaves (i.e., end nodes) of the scenegraph. Internal nodes act to group their children together. A group node may also define a spatial bound that contains all the geometry defined by its descendants. Spatial grouping allows for efficient implementation of operations such as proximity detection, collision detection, view frustrum culling and occlusion culling.
Node objects of a scenegraph may be separated into "group node" objects and "leaf node" objects. Group node objects group together one or more child nodes, and can be used to define behavior or relationships common to those child nodes. A leaf node has no children and only one parent. The state of a leaf node includes any state in a direct path between the leaf node and the source or "root" node of the scenegraph. In the context of a graphics scene, leaf node objects contain the actual definitions of shapes (geometry), lights, fog, sound, etc. When a scene is rendered, the renderer incorporates all state changes made in a direct path from the root node of the scenegraph to a leaf node object in the drawing of that leaf node object.
FIG. 1 illustrates a general scenegraph structure used to represent a 3D scene in accordance, for example, with scenegraph policies as described in the Java 3D™ API Specification available from Sun Microsystems, Inc. The scenegraph of FIG. 1 comprises a single root node, referred to as virtual universe (VU) 100, one or more locale nodes (LO) 101, one or more branch group nodes (BG) 102, one or more group nodes (GN) 103, and one or more leaf nodes (LN) 104.
Virtual universe 100 represents the center of the scene, with all child nodes being positioned relative to it. One or more high-resolution locale nodes 101 are coupled to virtual universe 100. Each such locale node 101 specifies a relative offset position with respect to virtual universe 100. This relative offset is represented in a high-resolution format to accommodate distance relationships comparable to the smallest and largest conceived distances in the real world. Each locale node 101 may be used to attach one or more branch group nodes 102, whose rendering positions are interpreted relative to the given locale node 101.
Branch group nodes 102 generally act as a root node of a subgraph associated with the given parent locale node 101. When a branch group node 102 is attached to a locale node 101, and hence to a virtual universe 100, the branch group node and its descendants are considered "live" (i.e., ready to render) with respect to the scene. One or more general group nodes 103 may be attached as child nodes to each branch group node 102. Each group node 103 may support zero or more child nodes in the form of further group nodes 103 or leaf nodes 104.
An example of an implementation of a group node 103 is as a transform node that contains a transform matrix used to scale, rotate, and position its descendants. Other group nodes implemented as "behavior" nodes may be used to embody algorithms for modifying the transform matrices of specified transform objects. Certain leaf node objects may also have references to component objects (not shown) which specify specific attributes of the given leaf node object (e.g., a shape leaf node may have as associated component objects a geometry component object, specifying a geometric shape of the shape leaf node, and an appearance component object, specifying the appearance of the shape in terms of color, texture, etc.). One leaf node is typically used to represent the viewing platform for rendering purposes, with associated component objects for specifying attributes of the rendering viewpoint, as well as the canvas or screen on which the rendered output is to be displayed.

Method and apparatus for creating and deploying applications from a server application


An optical communication module is fabricated to include a refraction plate made of an inorganic material whose refractive index varies little with temperature. The refraction plate is inserted in the optical path to perform optical axis compensation in a single lens system with long focal length.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical communication module using a refraction plate for optical axis compensation, and its manufacturing method.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, multi-functionalization of an optical module aimed at space saving has been advancing. Along with it, the necessity of integrating a plurality of optical components into one optical module arises. However, the optical axial alignment tolerance in the case of optical coupling and fixation of optical components is extremely narrow, because the spot size is small (nearly 1 to several μm).
Often, when a plurality of optical components is fixed for being coupled optically, a positional misalignment can arise at the time of the fixation. When the positional misalignment arises, optical loss increases, and then, many characteristics of the optical module which is constructed of the coupled optical components deteriorate. In the prior art, as shown in the Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-272143, there is a method of optical axis compensation by inserting a parallel plate in a focal point side of a dual lens system.
In addition, the Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-248144, shows an optical transmission module in which a semiconductor laser diode and an optical fiber are optically coupled through a lens. And a positional misalignment compensation window is provided between a lens and an optical fiber, wherein the positional misalignment compensation window consists of a material whose refractive index varies widely with temperature, and is constructed into a parallel plate, a wedge prism, or the like.
However, as shown in the Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-272143, in the method of optical axis compensation by inserting a parallel plate in a focal point side of a dual lens system, because the focal length of a lens for a dual lens system is generally short, a space for inserting the parallel plate is limited. Therefore, integration of an optical module is difficult.
In addition, as shown in the Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-248144, in the case that a parallel plate for optical axis adjustment is made of a silicone-based resin, an epoxy system resin, polyimide, or the like where the refractive indices of the main components varies widely with temperature change, the amount of misalignment of an optical axis is different in every optical transmission module. Therefore, the usage of the module is difficult.

Optical communication module using refraction plate for optical axis compensation, and manufacturing method of the same


A bus protocol compatible device includes an encoder having an input for receiving a local clock signal, and an output, a multiplexer having a first input for receiving a reference clock signal, a second input coupled to said output of said encoder, a control input for receiving a select signal, and an output, and a driver having an input coupled to said output of said multiplexer, and an output for coupling to a bus protocol link.

Various computer bus protocols support low power states and specify wakeup sequences for individual devices to wake up other linked devices prior to communication. For example, the PCI Express (PCIe) standard provides certain protocols for link power management. The power management (PM) controller of a PCIe device responds to system software to transition through "D-states". In particular, after system reset, a PCIe device transitions to an uninitialized configuration state D0. Next, the system software completes the enumeration process. After enumeration, the PCIe device transitions to an active D0 state. The PCIe standard defines the power management state of the link based on a particular D-state of a downstream PCIe device.
A PCIe device transitions through link states (L-states), depending on the status and activity of the link. The PCIe standard defines link power management, L0, L0s (L0 standby), L1, L2, and L3. For additional power savings, a PCIe device changes its operation from the fully operative L0 state, to an increased latency, low power L1 state, and ultimately to an off-link L3 state.
The PCIe standard also defines Active State Power Management (ASPM). ASPM is based on a Physical Layer (PHY) protocol to place an idle bus link in a low-power communication state, and ASPM supports L-state transitions. A PCIe device following the ASPM hardware-based protocol supports L-state transitions even when operating in the active D0 state. According to ASPM protocol, a PCIe device reduces its power consumption on its side of the link, and instructs a downstream PCIe device to reduce power on the downstream side of the link.
When a PCIe device begins to transition from the low power communication L1 state to the fully operative L0 state, the PCIe device will exchange training sequences with a downstream PCIe device. A PCIe device provides encoded training sequences using 8b (bit)/10b encoding when the data rate is 2.5 GT/s (gigatransfers per second) or 5.0 GT/s. A PCIe device provides encoded training sequences using a per-lane code along with Physical Layer encapsulation for data rates greater than or equal to 8.0 GT/s. Training sequences include information such as the skew between all lanes within a multi-lane link. When both PCIe devices transition to the L0 state, the PCIe devices have enabled their ability to transmit active traffic on the link.
The PCIe standard defines three discrete logical layers, the Transaction Layer, the Data Link Layer, and the Physical Layer. The Transaction Layer manages Transaction Layer Packets (TLPs) between the Physical Layers of two PCIe devices. The Data Link Layer manages the link and the integrity of the data transferred on the link. Also, the Data Link Layer transmits and receives link management Data Link Layer Packets (DLLPs). For a PCIe device, the PHY includes all circuitry for interface operation, such as the transmitter, the receiver, and the logic to control the power state transitions.
Continued performance pressure has led to increasing requirements for lower latency communication and improved power management for PCIe devices. It would be desirable for PCIe devices to decrease the period of time to transition between power management states.

Fast exit from low-power state for bus protocol compatible device


A bicycle lock device for public use is disclosed. The device is comprised of an enclosure, a retractable reel with a retractable cable, a lock/unlock device having a first member attached to the cable free end, and a second member secured in the enclosure, and a lock control device. The user accesses the device by inserting a payment such as a coin or credit card in a user interface of the device. If the payment is accepted, the user then enters a user-specified key code in a keypad on the lock control device. The lock control device unlocks the lock/unlock device. The retractable cable may then be extended. The user weaves the cable through the bicycle components and then enters the cable free end into the lock/unlock device, thereby locking the lock/unlock device and securing the bicycle. When the user later enters the key-code, the device unlocks the cable.

Bicycle locks, comprised of a securing component such as a cable, chain or U shaped bracket, and a locking component such as a lock and key or combination lock are in common usage. A bicycle lock that is easily carried with the bicycle has several disadvantages. Size and weight considerations of the bicycle lock limit the length of the securing component and the sophistication of the locking component. Storage of the bicycle lock while a user is biking also limits its usability. Therefore, there is a need for a bicycle lock that avoids these problems.


A method for making aromatic organic carbonate, such as diphenyl carbonate is provided which employs a transition metal catalyst in the form of a palladium catalyst mixture. The palladium catalyst can be used in combination with an organic cocatalyst, such as a terpyridine and a cobalt cocatalyst in the form of a cobalt complex containing a pentadentate ligand. The aromatic organic carbonate is separated from the carbonylation reaction mixture as a 1:1 molar adduct of aromatic organic carbonate such as diphenyl carbonate and aromatic organic hydroxy compound, such as phenol. The transition metal catalyst has been found to be recyclable allowing for the introduction of make up aromatic organic hydroxy compound into the reactor under ambient conditions.

The present invention relates to a palladium catalyzed method for making aromatic organic carbonates by the direct carbonylation of an aromatic organic hydroxy compound, such as phenol. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for making aromatic organic carbonates using recycled carbonylation catalyst present in the carbonylation reaction mother liquor after recovery therefrom of a 1:1 molar adduct of the aromatic organic carbonate and aromatic organic hydroxy compound.
Aromatic organic carbonates, such as diphenyl carbonate are of interest to thermoplastic manufacturers, since they offer an alternative non-phosgene route to aromatic organic polycarbonates by melt transesterification. A procedure for making aromatic organic carbonates using an organic solvent, such as methylene chloride, is shown by Chalk, U.S. Pat. No. 4,187,242. Additional procedures for making aromatic organic carbonates are shown by Hallgren, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,361,519 and 4,410,464, utilizing a molecular sieve as a drying agent for the water formed during the reaction. A further procedure for making aromatic organic carbonates by catalytic carbonylation of aromatic organic hydroxy compounds is shown by Japanese patent 01,165,551. Reference also is made to EP A89111581.8, utilizing a divalent or trivalent manganese salt or cobalt (II) salt in combination with hydroquinone and a palladium catalyst to catalyze the conversion of an aromatic organic hydroxy compound to an aromatic organic carbonate.
Prior to the present invention, as shown in copending application Ser. No. 07/906,681, filed Jul. 7, 1992, some aromatic organo carbonates were made by the carbonylation of an aromatic organic hydroxy compound, such as phenol, with a mixture of carbon monoxide and oxygen which were introduced into a reactor under constant composition gas flow conditions to substantially maintain the gaseous components at a constant molar ratio and partial pressure during the course of the reaction. Although the procedure of 07/906,681 for making aromatic organic carbonates provides improved yields, the effectiveness of the transition metal catalyst, for example, the combination of a divalent or trivalent manganese salt, or cobalt (II) salt, and hydroquinone and a palladium catalyst can be substantially impaired whenever an attempt is made to introduce make-up aromatic organic hydroxy compound into the reactor under ambient conditions. It would be desirable therefore to be able to make aromatic organic carbonates, by the direct carbonylation of aromatic organic hydroxy compounds, such as phenol using constant composition gas flow conditions, by providing recyclable transition metal catalyst to allow the introduction of make-up aromatic organic hydroxy compound, such as phenol into the reactor under ambient conditions.

Method for making aromatic organic carbonates


The disclosure provides an antenna device and communications terminal including such an antenna device. The antenna device includes a coil including a conductor wound around a plate-shaped magnetic core. A flat conductor is positioned adjacent to the coil, and the coil is positioned such that it is closer than the flat conductor to an antenna of a communication partner positioned near the antenna device. The coil conductor includes a first conductor portion adjacent to a first main surface of the magnetic core and a second conductor portion adjacent to a second main surface thereof. A circuit substrate includes a ground electrode formation area and a ground electrode non-formation area. The antenna coil is mounted on the ground electrode non-formation area of the circuit substrate with the first main surface of the magnetic core facing the circuit substrate.

Japanese Patent No. 3975918 (Patent Literature 1) discloses an antenna device included in a mobile electronic apparatus for use in RFID systems.
As shown in FIG. 1A, an antenna device 70 of Patent Literature 1 includes an asymmetrical coil where two positions are opposed to each other with the center of the winding area of a coil 71 therebetween and the winding pitch varies between the two positions. On a side 71a having a larger winding pitch, a magnetic body 72a is disposed on the back of a main surface opposed to an IC card; on a side 71b having a smaller winding pitch, a magnetic body 71b is disposed on the main surface opposed to the IC card. As shown in FIG. 1B, the distribution of a magnetic field generated by the antenna device 70 is an asymmetrical distribution where the magnetic field is enhanced on the side 71a having a larger winding pitch and a larger line width of the loop coil 71. As shown in FIG. 1C, the antenna device 70 is disposed in a main body 91 of a communication terminal apparatus 90.

Antenna device and communication terminal apparatus


Feature classification using a novel supervised statistical pattern recognition approach is described. A tree-like hierarchical decomposition of n-dimensional feature space is created off-line from an image processing system. The hierarchical tree is created through a minimax-type decompositional segregation of n-dimensional feature vectors of different feature classifications within the corresponding feature space. Each cell preferably contains feature vectors of only one feature classification, or is empty, or is of a predefined minimum cell size. Once created, the hierarchical tree is made available to the image processing system for real-time defect classification of features in a static or moving pattern. Each feature is indexed to the classification tree by locating its corresponding feature vector in the appropriate feature space cell as determined by a depth-first search of the hierarchical tree. The smallest leaf node which includes that feature vector provides the statistical information on the vector's classification.

1. Technical Field
This invention relates in general to feature classification techniques for a static or moving image, and more particularly, to a feature classification system and method which employ supervised statistical pattern recognition using a novel vector classification model of spatially decomposed multi-dimensional feature space.
2. Background Art
As the use of optical scanning and electronic imperfection detection have continued to increase, automatic differentiation of defect classes has come within reach of available technology. Pattern recognition is applicable to feature classification problems because pattern recognition automatically assigns a physical object or event to one of several pre-specified categories. Each defect (or feature) shows up as a connected region in the image and each defect can be assigned to a category.
There are two types of pattern recognition (PR), structural and statistical. Structural methods use a representation of a feature's shape known as a boundary representation (BREP), while statistical methods use an array of numbers or measurements containing properties of each feature; this numerical information is called a feature vector. In structural pattern recognition the picture of the feature can be recreated from the reduced data since the BREP has complete boundary information in polygonal form. In statistical pattern recognition, however, the picture cannot be recreated from its representation; but, a feature vector is a more compact representation of the object than a BREP. With either method, the goal is to construct a classifier, i.e., a machine to automatically process the image to generate a classification for each feature.
In structural pattern recognition, the classifier is based on formal language theory. The BREP is processed into a series of symbols representing the length and direction of the vectors in the boundary. A set of strings consisting of concatenations of these symbols is the language. The grammar, which is a mathematical system of describing the language, describes the structure or the boundary of the features as ordered combinations of symbols. A recognizer, which is constructed from this grammar, works like a computer language compiler used to recognize and distinguish computer language statements. For example, the box of FIG. 1 can be thought of as a language. As shown, L={a.sup.n, b.sup.n, c.sup.n, d.sup.n .vertline. n.gtoreq.1)} is a language describing the box with each side of length "1" or greater.
In real-world problems a feature or defect does not have an exact description so the problem is more difficult than parsing a computer language. A structural recognizer that can handle realistic problems has to be based on complicated context sensitive or stochastic grammars to deal with high data complexity and variation. Because of this, structural methods are not readily implemented in typical engineering situations.
In contrast, statistical pattern recognition uses a recognizer based on statistical decision theory. Several different types of statistical pattern recognition exist but in general there are two main approaches, called supervised and unsupervised classification.
Supervised classification uses a labelled training sample formed when an expert identifies the category of each member of the sample. Probability distributions are estimated or recognizers are constructed directly from the training sample. An expert must examine the data and label each of the features. (Again, the novel pattern recognition approach described herein uses supervised classification.) The effort of labelling a training sample can be made easier by providing a graphical interface to facilitate an expert's interaction with the data.
Unsupervised classification doesn't use a labelled training sample. This approach requires the recognizer to learn the underlying probability distribution of the data as it goes, which is often a difficult problem. However, unsupervised classification also does not require the sometimes lengthy process of accumulating a sufficiently large training sample and it does not necessarily require the effort of identifying the members of this sample. The method can be useful in augmenting supervised classification by allowing the system to adapt to changes in the data.
In addition to the above-noted approaches, statistical pattern recognition employs two main methods, parametric and non-parametric. Parametric methods assume an underlying probability distribution of the real world data. Non-parametric methods make no such assumptions.
Parametric methods are generally used when the distribution is known to be in one of the familiar forms, such as Normal or Gaussian. Classifiers can be generated based on Bayes rule with the a priori distributions known and joint probability distributions determined from the sample data. Specific features can then be compared to the statistics of the known distribution function thereby classifying them.
In real-world situations, the data often does not conveniently fall into a Normal or other known distribution. The distribution of a class of features might be multi-modal, i.e., with two or more peaks in the distribution of a defect category (e.g., see FIG. 2). As in the example of FIG. 2, spot like defects are roundish and easily recognized by an approximately equal length and width, but there might be relatively small and large defects all of which are known as spots. In this example, the spots might be better recognized as the ratio of area to perimeter, which will remain approximately constant as the size of the roundish spots vary. Although a specialized recognizer can be constructed to deal with this example, a method is needed which is generally applicable.
Non-parametric methods provide a more general solution to the above problem in that they generate decision functions or a classifier directly from a training sample. By doing this such approaches bypass the parameter estimation problem and ignore any presumed form for the density function. (As described below, the present invention comprises a non-parametric technique.)
One of the main difficulties of non-parametric methods is the exponential increase in storage and computational requirements as the dimensionality increases. If the feature is described by a large number of measurements (or elements), the problem can grow to be very large when some of the known methods are used. (Since the technique of the present invention divides the feature space recursively by powers of two, the problem is made more manageable because the storage space only increases as the log base 2.)

Feature classification using supervised statistical pattern recognition


A lightweight mud pump piston assembly for reciprocating inside of a cylinder. The piston has decreased weight because light weight materials are used to form the majority of the hub which is the heaviest part of the piston. The piston maintains its compressive strength because the critical stress portions of the hub are made with high strength material having higher tensile strength and density than the light weight material.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to piston assemblies, and more particularly, to a lightweight mud pump piston assembly.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Generally, mud pumps are used to pump slurry, mud solutions, oils, water and other fluids. In the oil field, mud pumps are often required to circulate drilling fluid through a borehole having a mud column thousands of feet in length. The internal pressures in the compression chambers of mud pump cylinders can often reach 2,000 pounds per square inch or more depending largely on the diameter of the bore of the mud pump cylinders and the depth of the well bore. Given a typical mud pump piston having a six inch diameter, a compression chamber pressure of 2,000 pounds per square inch results in a total force on the piston of approximately 56,000 pounds. This force is placed on the piston with each piston stroke.
In light of this heavy burden, the hub portion of the piston, which comprises the bulk of the piston assembly, has in the past been constructed out of high strength metals such as steel or similar metal alloys. Typical examples of solid steel hubs can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 4,281,590.
Although such construction is quite suitable for handling the large force placed on the piston, this solution causes the piston assembly to have a substantial weight that exacerbates other problems which mud pumps have a tendency to experience.
Wear on the piston assembly and in the cylinder liner is one of the chief causes for downtime in a mud pump. A major cause of wear is the drilling fluid which is especially erosive when pumped at the high pressure and substantial volume that is required for drilling. The weight of the piston combined with the general wear of the cylinder liner resulting from the drilling fluid tends to create an unbalanced contact of the piston with the liner. Although the sealing elements which seal between the hub and the cylinder create a centralizing bias on the piston, this centralizing bias tends to be offset due to the effects of the weight of the piston. Furthermore, when the mud pump is positioned so that the cylinders are generally horizontal, the weight of the piston often results in greater contact of the piston on the bottom portion of the liner than the upper portion. These problems are further aggravated when the connecting rod to which the piston is secured is somewhat out of alignment due to bearing support wear or other pump problems.
These conditions generally cause an uneven wear pattern of the piston as well as the liner and, in some cases, will cause a metal to metal scouring of both the liner and any metal portion of the piston that may contact with the liner.
A number of pistons using light weight materials have been developed for various purposes. United Kingdom Patents 2,045,389 and 2,033,537 A show plastic pistons intended for use in air compressors. However, these snap on plastic pistons are designed for operating at much lower pressures than mud pump pistons and therefore do not suggest how it is possible to use such lightweight materials where the pressure demands on a piston are much greater.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,072,088 and 4,404,935 show how various lightweight and ceramic materials can be used to overcome problems specifically related to internal combustion engines such as heat and high revolutions per minute. These internal combustion pistons are generally shaped much differently than mud pump pistons and the problems these Patents address by using various lightweight materials are not subject to the same restraints in using light weight material in mud pumps. Therefore, these Patents do not suggest how it would be feasible, or even useful, to employ light weight materials in a mud pump piston.
Consequently, a need exists for improvements in piston assemblies which will result in greater reliability and dependability of operation of such assemblies.


Olefins are selectively converted to epoxides by reacting with an organic hydroperoxide in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst comprised of a carbon molecular sieve containing a Group IVA, VA, VIA, or VIIA transition metal such as molybdenum.

Epoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1,2-butene oxide and the like are useful intermediates for the preparation of a wide variety of products. The oxirane functionality in such compounds is highly reactive and may be ring-opened with any number of nucleophilic reactants. For example, epoxides may be hydrolyzed to yield glycols useful as anti-freeze components, food additives, or reactive monomers for the preparation of condensation polymers such as polyesters.
Polyether polyols generated by the ring-opening polymerization of epoxides are widely utilized as intermediates in the preparation of polyurethane foams, elastomers, sealants, coatings, and the like. The reaction of epoxides with alcohols provides glycol ethers, which may be used as polar solvents in a number of applications.
Many different methods for the preparation of epoxides have been developed. One such method involves the epoxidation of an olefin in a liquid phase reaction using an organic hydroperoxide as the oxidizing agent and certain solubilized transition metal compounds as catalyst. The early work in this field concluded that optimum epoxidation rates and selectivity to epoxide generally are obtained using metallic catalysts which are soluble in an organic reaction medium. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,350,422 teaches in Example 6 that while vanadium naphthenate (a soluble catalyst) provided 72% hydroperoxide conversion and 38% selectivity to propylene oxide, vanadium pentoxide (an insoluble species) gave only 34% hydroperoxide conversion and 6% propylene oxide selectivity. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 3,351,635 teaches that metals such as molybdenum, tungsten and titanium are most effective as epoxidation catalysts when dissolved in the epoxidation reaction mixture. Poorly soluble species such as molybdenum trioxide thus are initially inactive and only become suitable for use in such application when converted to a soluble active form by reaction with alcohol, glycol, hydroperoxide or the like (see, for example, the discussion in Sheldon, J. Mol. Cat. 7, pp. 107-126 (1980)).
A distinct disadvantage of an epoxidation process which utilizes a soluble metallic compound as catalyst is the difficulty associated with recovering the catalyst for reuse in subsequent runs. When the other components of an epoxidation reaction mixture (typically, epoxide, unreacted olefin, solvent, unreacted hydroperoxide, and the alcohol derived from the reacted hydroperoxide) are relatively volatile, these components may be separated from the soluble non-volatile catalyst by distillation and the catalyst recovered in the form of a bottoms stream. A problem associated with such a method, however, is that the bottoms stream may tend to accumulate certain heavy substances such as acids and polymers which may have a deleterious effect on epoxide selectivity or olefin conversion when the stream is reused. The catalyst may also have a tendency to precipitate from solution if the bottoms stream is overly concentrated; recycle of a relatively large bottoms stream may thus be required, which will detrimentally affect the productivity of the epoxidation process. It would therefore be highly desirable to develop an insoluble (heterogeneous) epoxidation catalyst which has high activity and selectivity and which may be readily recovered in active form from an epoxidation reaction mixture by filtration or similar separation techniques or which may be utilized in the form of a fixed bed or the like.

Olefin epoxidation using a carbon molecular sieve impregnated with a transition metal


A developing device includes a developer container having a developer supply opening and a developer storage section, so that developer is supplied from the developer container to the developer storage section through the developer supply opening. The developing device further includes a developer guide member disposed below the developer supply opening along a longitudinal direction of the developing device, and a developer delivery member disposed in the developer guide member for delivering developer supplied through the developer supply opening in a longitudinal direction of the developer guide member. The developer guide member has a wall portion having a shape so that developer flows out the developer guide member in a substantially uniform amount along the longitudinal direction of the developing device.

The present invention relates to a developing device and an image forming apparatus.
In a conventional image forming apparatus such as a printer, a copier, and a facsimile, an image is formed through the following process. First, a charge roller charges a surface of a photosensitive drum. An exposure device such as an LED head exposes the surface of the photosensitive drum to form a static latent image or a latent image thereon. A developing roller attaches a thin layer of toner to the static latent image to form a toner image. A transfer roller transfers the toner image to a sheet or a recording medium, thereby forming an image or printing on the recording medium. A developing device is formed of the photosensitive drum, the charge roller, the developing roller, and so on.
After transferring the toner image, the sheet is transported to a fixing device, so that the fixing device fixes the toner image to the sheet.
In the conventional image forming apparatus described above, the developing device is provided with a developing device main body and a toner cartridge detachably attached to the developing device main body. The toner cartridge supplies toner to the developing device main body through a toner supply opening thereof. When the toner cartridge is removed from the developing device main body, toner sticking to a surrounding area of the toner supply opening may drop, thereby making inside the image forming apparatus dirty. To this end, the toner supply opening tends to have a small opening and be formed at a center portion of each of the toner cartridge and the developing device main body.
As described above, in the conventional developing device, the toner supply opening is formed at a center portion of each of the toner cartridge and the developing device main body. Accordingly, toner tends to drop only at a specific location inside the developing device. Especially, in the developing device before being used or after toner is detected to be a low level, when the toner cartridge is attached to the developing device main body and supplies toner, a large amount of toner is supplied at a center portion of the developing device main body, and a small amount of toner is supplied at both side portions thereof. Accordingly, it is difficult to uniformly supply toner along a longitudinal direction of the developing device, that is, a width direction of the image forming apparatus. As a result, a resultant image tends to have a difference in darkness in a width direction of a sheet, thereby deteriorating image quality.
In view of the problems described above, an object of the present invention is to provide a developing device and an image forming apparatus, in which it is possible to solve the problems in the conventional developing device. In particular, it is possible to prevent an image from having a difference in darkness in a width direction of a recording medium, and to improve image quality.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of the invention.

Developing device with developer guide member and image forming apparatus


Methods and a system of an ion implantation system are disclosed that are capable of increasing beam current above a maximum kinetic energy of a first charge state from an ion source without changing the charge state at the ion source. Positive ions having a first positive charge state are selected into an accelerator. The positive ions of the first positive charge state are accelerated in acceleration stages and stripped to convert them to positive ions of a second charge state. A second kinetic energy level higher than the maximum kinetic energy level of the first charge state can be obtained.

Ion implantation is a physical process, as opposed to diffusion, which is a chemical process that is employed in semiconductor apparatus fabrication to selectively implant dopant into a semiconductor workpiece and/or wafer material. Thus, the act of implanting does not rely on a chemical interaction between a dopant and the semiconductor material. For ion implantation, dopant atoms/molecules are ionized and isolated, sometimes accelerated or decelerated, formed into a beam, and swept across a workpiece or wafer. The dopant ions physically bombard the workpiece, enter the surface and typically come to rest below the workpiece surface in the crystalline lattice structure thereof.
In RF based accelerators and DC based accelerators, ions can be repeatedly accelerated through multiple acceleration stages of an accelerator. For example, RF based accelerators can have voltage driven acceleration gaps. Due to the time varying nature of RF acceleration fields and the multiple numbers of acceleration gaps there are a large number of parameters, which influence the final beam energy. Because the charge state distribution of an ion beam can change, substantial effort is paid to keep the charge value in the ion beam at the initially intended single value. However, greater demands for an implantation recipe (e.g., ion beam energy, mass, charge value, beam current and/or total dose level of the implantation) at a higher energy level call for providing a higher beam current without compromising the ion source unnecessarily.
Accordingly, suitable systems or methods for increasing beam current are desired.

Method and system for increasing beam current above a maximum energy for a charge state


A method for analyzing and optimizing programs that operate on a data structure where the state of the data structure must be valid at certain program points. The program is represented as a control-flow graph. The method decomposes the state of the data structure into components, and applies partial redundancy elimination to place instructions that set the state of the data structure, with a variation that permits speculative placement. Application extends to manipulating a stack that keeps track of what to do should an exception arise during execution. In this context, a control-flow representation of contingencies is converted into placement of instructions that manipulate the stack.

With the field of compilers, the problem of handling exceptions is important for languages that permit them. For example, the C++ and JAVA programming language permit a program to "throw an exception", which means that a structure (the exception) is constructed, and then transmitted (thrown) up the execution stack until a handler catches the exception, at which point normal execution continues. A key feature of both C++ and JAVA programming language is that they permit the programmer to specify cleanup actions to be performed if an exception is thrown. In C++, these actions are destructions of objects that are popped from the execution stack by the throwing of the exception. In JAVA programming language, these actions are code specified by "finally" clauses.
There are a variety of ways of keeping track of cleanup actions. One way is to construct lookup tables that are consulted when an exception is thrown. The tables map program-counter values onto cleanup actions, so that when an exception is thrown, the exception-handling mechanism can, knowing the current program-counter value, determine the necessary cleanup actions. The disadvantage of this prior-art technique is that the tables require expressing program-counter values and offsets within the execution stack, a notion not directly expressible in the C language, and thus is not amenable to implementation in compilers that generate intermediate code in the C language.
Another approach is, during normal execution, to register each cleanup action by pushing it onto a "exception-handling (EH) stack" when it might be needed to handle an exception, and popping it from said stack when it is no longer needed. This prior-art approach has the advantage that it is amenable to compilers that generate intermediate code in the C language. However, prior-art implementations have the disadvantage of being quite inefficient, because of excessive pushing and popping of the EH stack.
FIG. 1 shows an example program in the C++ language. It declares types S and T. Declaration 100 declares type S to have constructor 101 and destructor 102, both of which have throw( ) clauses that specify that they cannot throw exceptions. Declaration 103 declares type T to have constructor 104 and destructor 105, both of which can throw an exception since neither contains a throw( ) clause. Declaration 106 declares routine "woof", which may throw an exception if called. Declaration 107 constructs an object "ant". A try block (between braces 108 and 116) surrounds the if-statement with test 109. If x>0, then declaration 110 constructs object "boa". There is an implicit call to the destructor ˜S for boa at brace 111, because the scope in which "boa" was declared is exited. If x≦0, then declarations 112 and 113 construct objects "cat" and "dog" respectively, followed by call 114 to "woof". At brace 115, objects "dog" and "cat" are destroyed by implicit calls to their destructors, because their scope is being exited. Destructions are always in reverse order of construction. If an exception is thrown while execution is inside the try block, then any objects constructed inside the try block (i.e. between brace 108 and brace 116) are destroyed, and then the catch handler is inspected to see if it matches the type of exception thrown, which in this case is thrown objects of type int. If the handler matches, the block between braces 117 and 119 is executed. Declaration 118 constructs object "elk". There is an implicit call to the destructor ˜S at brace 120 to destroy "elk" if the handler is exited by normal execution or because call 119 to "woof" throws an exception. Object "ant" is destroyed when the outer block (ending at brace 121) is exited, no matter whether the exit is by normal execution or because an uncaught exception was thrown.
Actions taken between the time an exception is thrown and a matching try block is found are called "cleanup".
FIG. 2 shows the basic declarations for an example EH stack. The stack consists of zero or more instances of structure 200 EH_item, each of which is part of a linked list linked by field 201 "next" that points to the next EH_item deeper in the stack. The top of the stack is represented by global variable 207 EH_stack_ptr, which points to the root of the linked list. Tag 202 indicates the kind of item. There are two kinds of items in the example: items that specify destructions of objects, and items that specify try blocks.
For the destruction of an item, the tag is DESTROY. Field 203 "object" points to the object to be destroyed, and field 204 "dtor" points to the code to invoke for that item. For other sorts of cleanup, say the JAVA programming language "finally" clause, or C++"exception specifications", the field "dtor" points to the code to be executed, and the "object" field is not used, or points to some sort of data structure that further specifies the cleanup to be done. (The exact nature of the cleanup is beyond the scope of this disclosure, and therefore the cleanups in the example are restricted to simple destructions.)
For try blocks, the tag is TRY, and field 205 "buffer" contains information required to resume normal execution if the handler catches an exception. The field 206 handlers point to information about the type of exceptions caught, and their respective handlers. (The exact nature of the handlers is also beyond the scope of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that for a try block, there is information related to how to resume normal execution, and information related to determining the type of exception caught.)
FIG. 3 shows a translation of FIG. 1 using the prior art. Calls to constructors and destructors are explicit in the translation. Lines 303 and 344 respectively call the constructor and destructor for object "ant". Each time an object is constructed, an EH_item for the object is pushed onto the EH stack by adding it to the front of the linked list rooted at EH_stack_ptr. Items "ra", "rb", "rc", "rd", "re", and "rt" correspond to objects ant, boa, cat, dog, elk, and the try block respectively. The requisite fields of each EH_item are set immediately after the corresponding object is constructed. For example, line 313 constructs object "boa", and lines 313–317 set "rb" and push it on the EH stack. When execution is about to exit a block, before each object to be destroyed is destroyed, the corresponding item on the EH stack is popped by removing it from the linked list. For example, line 317 pops "rb" from the EH stack.
The code in FIG. 3 is inefficient because it fills fields prematurely. For example, call 311 to "setjmp" fills in information that is used only if an exception is thrown, but if x>0, then only object "boa" is constructed, and both the constructor and destructor for boa were declared as never throwing an exception. Similarly, despite the fact that the constructor and destructor for "ant" can both throw exceptions, if x>0, there is nothing between the call to the constructor and destructor for "ant" that might require the exceptional destruction of ant. Thus, setting EH_item "ra" and pushing it on the EH stack (lines 304–306) for sake of "ant", and setting EH_item "rt" and pushing it on the EH_stack (lines 307–310) for sake of the try block are unnecessary when x>0. Likewise, EH item "rb" is in fact useless, and lines 314–317 contribute nothing but inefficiency. Furthermore, lines 342–343 pop two EH_items from the EH stack less than perfectly: the same effect could have been achieved more quickly via "EH_stack_ptr=ra.next".
A common method of removing inefficiencies is partial redundancy elimination. Unfortunately, prior-art methods of partial redundancy analysis do not handle redundancies as complicated as adding or removing items from a linked list. What is needed is an approach that circumvents the problem by analyzing programs in a way that generates a problem more amenable to partial redundancy elimination.

Data-flow method for optimizing exception-handling instructions in programs


A dry reagent colorimetric test system for determining analytes in sample solutions containing interfering colored materials is presented comprising a reagent impregnated matrix containing a chromogenic material responsive to the analyte being detected and a masking dyestuff for obviating the interference caused by the colored materials thus allowing a proportional visual estimation of the response of the chromogenic material due to the amount of analyte in the sample solution.

Dry reagent test devices using compositions containing chromogenic indicator materials incorporated in porous or absorbent matrices have become the systems of choice to determine the amount of various analytes in aqueous fluids. Even though such test devices excel for use in field or on-site testing situations, they can likewise be advantageously used in laboratory settings. Such systems, commonly called reagent strips or "dip-and-read" test devices, can be made to give semi-quantitative and to some extent quantitative results when the user understands the limitations of the test methodology and the sample makeup. One serious problem commonly encountered by test strip developers and users is the presence of interfering colored components or materials in the test sample fluid or solution. These interfering colored components may be the result of the introduction of extraneous substances, such as naturally occurring colored materials often found in samples of ground water, or may be the result of the purposeful addition of dyestuffs to identify or delineate the particular fluid being analyzed, such as in the identification of a particular type of coolant fluid used in association with internal combustion engines.

Colorimetric dry reagent test device and method for the determination of analytes in solutions containing interfering colored substances


Provided is a display device. The display device includes a display to display an image, a processor to control the display to display a predetermined image, a power supplier to generate a direct current (DC) power by receiving an alternating current (AC) power, and supply the generated DC power to each of the display and the processor, and a sensor to output a sensing signal corresponding to whether the AC power is input, and the display stops an image display operation according to the sensing signal.

A display device is a device in which a digital or analog image signal received from the outside or various image signals and the like stored in an internal storage medium as a compressed file in various formats are processed and displayed.
The display device is provided with a capacitor so that re-setting is not performed, that is, for maintaining hold-up, even when there is no input of an alternating current (AC) power for a predetermined cycle of time. The capacity of the capacitor for maintaining the hold-up is determined by ripple current and hold-up time. A capacitor having a relatively large capacity is required for the display device.
In order to satisfy the large capacity, a related-art display device frequently uses an electrolyte capacitor. However, the electrolytic capacitor has a problem in that fire may be caused to the display device due to environmental causes caused by inter-pole insulation breakdown, defects due to a foreign matter or the like, and over-voltage, and fire to the electrolyte capacitor can cause even fire to the display device.

Power supply device that outputs a signal corresponding to whether AC power is input, display device having same, and power supply method


Apparatus and methods are provided for locating a target in a living body. Three cameras are supported at an elevated location such as on a wall or from a ceiling. The cameras are supplied as an integrated unit with a computer and are factory calibrated to said computer. A patient examining table is provided with a single radiation device, the radiation which is detectable by the cameras. The table is moved both horizontally and vertically to establish X, Y and Z coordinates relative to the room in which the installation is made. A hand held ultrasound probe is positioned to detect a target in a body disposed on said table, and an ultrasound scan screen apparatus displays the relation of the probe to the target, and also provides information for moving the table to position the target at a predetermined location.

Locating targets in the human body by means of ultrasound techniques is well known. In extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy or disintegration of a concretion or kidney stone in a kidney, ureter, or bladder by means of shockwaves is known. It is the general procedure to use an articulated arm carrying an ultrasonic transducer that both sends out and receives the ultrasound signal. Devices are connected in the articulated arm to indicate the angles between various arm segments, and the angles thereof relative to a base. Movement of such articulated arms is necessarily restricted, and the arms themselves tend to get in the way. The information obtained by such arms and the ultrasound devices carried thereby is fed through a computer to control the position of the lithotripter so that a shockwave generated thereby is focused on the kidney stone or other bodily concretion. Lithotripters have found use in fragmenting or destroying gallstones, as well as kidney stones. It is also sometimes necessary to locate a tumor in the body, or the location of a broken bone to study how well it is mending.


A capacitor includes a wound element, and externally take-out electrode members corresponding respectively to a first pole and a second pole and connected to each one of end faces of the wound element. This capacitor features that the wound element is positively fixed to the externally take-out electrode members, and has advantageously a small internal resistance. Collectors in inner circumference region of the wound element are bent in an opposite direction to a core of a winding shaft, and collectors in an outer circumference region are bent toward the core of the winding shaft. End faces of these collectors are connected to a lid, thereby forming a first pole of the capacitor, and end faces of those collectors are connected to a housing, thereby forming a second pole of the capacitor.

In recent years, a capacitor of a greater capacity and a higher output has drawn attention from the market as a product to be used in a power supply which drives a motorcar. This capacitor is now in a development stage. This kind of capacitor charges or discharges electricity, and its structure is known as an electric storage device disclosed in patent document 1.
This conventional electric storage device includes a wound element formed of an anodic electrode unit, a cathodic electrode unit, and a separator for insulating both the electrode units from each other. A positive collector is disposed on a first axial end and a negative collector is disposed on a second axial end of the wound element, and the positive collector is connected to the anodic electrode unit and the negative collector is connected to the cathodic electrode unit. These members are accommodated in a cylindrical housing having a bottom plate, and electrolyte is filled in the cylindrical housing. The opening of the housing is covered air-tightly with a lid.
The positive and negative collectors are formed of a belt-like electrode foil, on which both sides polarization electrodes are formed. The axial end of the electrode foil on the anode side protrudes to a first side, and another axial end on the cathode side protrudes to a second side, and both of the projected ends have no polarization electrodes. A region having the polarization electrodes and a region having no polarization electrode are formed on the belt-like electrode foil such that they have a given width along the longitudinal direction. The region having no polarization electrodes of the foregoing wound element is bent in part and brought into contact with the positive collector and the negative collector, and then connected to the collectors by, e.g. welding.
FIG. 20A shows a sectional view of a conventional cylindrical capacitor cut along the axial direction. FIGS. 20B, 20C, 20E, and 20F show sectional views of the wound element of the conventional cylindrical capacitor. FIG. 20D shows a fellow to the electrodes of the belt-like electrode unit of the wound element. FIGS. 20C and 20F show enlarged views around collectors 2023 and 2025 of the electrode unit of the wound element shown in FIGS. 20B and 20E. FIGS. 20B and 20C show the status where the wound element has been just rolled up, and FIGS. 20E and 20F show the status where collectors 2023 and 2025 are bent.
As FIG. 20F shows, collectors 2023 and 2025 placed in first region 2021 and second region 2022 of the electrode unit are bent to form collectors 2023 and 2025. As shown in FIG. 20A, lid 2003 working as an anodic member is brought into contact with collector 2023, and cylindrical housing 2002 with a bottom plate working as a cathodic member is brought into contact with collectors 2025, then they are connected by, e.g. welding, thereby forming a first pole and a second pole. The electrolyte is subsequently poured into housing 2002 through hole 2011, which is then closed with stopper 2012. The capacitor is thus completed.
The cylindrical capacitor discussed above needs to reduce its resistance as much as possible in order to meet the requirements of internal resistance depending on the applications. The internal resistance exists in each element of the capacitor, namely the lid working as an anodic member, the cylindrical housing with a bottom plate working as a cathodic member, the electrolyte, the wound element, joint sections between the lid, cylindrical housing and the wound element. For instance, in the case of the conventional structure disclosed in the patent document 1, one of effective means for lowering the resistance is to reduce the width of the region, having no polarization electrodes, in the collector of the electrode unit, so that a plane area of the collector can be reduced and the resistance of the wound element is thus lowered.
However, the width reduction in the wound element discussed above forces the collectors to bend in order to obtain the connecting area between the lid, the cylindrical housing, and the wound element, so that the distance between the separator and the lid, cylindrical housing, wound element is shortened at both the ends of the wound element. The welding for connecting the collector to the lid and cylindrical housing thus sometimes burns the end of the separator, and the insulation between the anodic electrode unit and the cathodic electrode unit becomes in failure.
The cylindrical capacitor discussed above needs a positive insulation between the anode and the cathode, and on top of that, if an apparatus to which the capacitor is mounted is vibrated, the wound element is required not to come off from the lid or the cylindrical housing. To meet this requirement, the lid or the housing is provided with a protrusion at its center, and they are inserted into a winding shaft of the wound element to be tightly assembled. The center of the wound element thus agrees with that of the cylindrical housing so that a given clearance between the wound element and the cylindrical housing is preferably prepared for fixing the wound element to the housing. In the conventional cylindrical capacitor disclosed in patent document 1, collectors 2023 and 2025 of the electrode units are bent toward winding shaft 2020 of wound element 2017, i.e. toward the core of the wound element as shown in FIGS. 20A, 20E and 20F, so that an open end of winding shaft 2020 is closed by the collectors of the fore-going electrode unit. This fact reveals that the insertion of the protrusion prepared at the center of lid 2003 or cylindrical housing 2002 into winding shaft 2004 of wound element 2001 sometimes breaks collectors 2023 and 2025 in parts. Thus the protrusion prepared at the center of lid 2003 or housing 2002 is not recommended, so that it is not possible for fixing wound element 2001 to housing 2002 with the center of wound element 2001 agreeing with the center of cylindrical housing 2002.
The capacitor disclosed in patent document 2 has an advantage with a view of lowering the resistance of the wound element. FIGS. 21A-21D show the structure of this capacitor. FIG. 21A show an electrode unit and a separator before they are assembled into the wound element. FIG. 21B shows a status where collectors at both the ends of the wound element are welded. FIG. 21C shows a plan view of the electrode unit of the capacitor disclosed in patent document 2, and FIG. 21D shows a plan view of the electrode unit of the capacitor disclosed in patent document 1.
The capacitor disclosed in patent document 2 includes the following elements:                anode-side electrode unit 2101 formed of collector 2103 having flaring section 2104 of which width increases from a first end of a long side to a second end thereof and polarization electrode 2105 formed on collector 2103 except in the region where flaring section 2104 exists; and        cathode-side electrode unit 2102 formed of collector 2106 having flaring section 2107 of which width increases from a first end of another long side to a second end thereof, and polarization electrode 2108 formed on collector 2106 except in the region where flaring section 2107 exists.These elements are rolled together with separators 2109, 2110 placed therebetween using the first end of the long side as the center of the roll. At both the ends of wound element 2111 thus rolled up, anode-side flaring section 2104 and cathode-side flaring section 2107 are bundled and welded together respectively to form collectors 2112 and 2113, which are then connected to terminals 2114, 2115 respectively. The width of anode-side flaring section 2104 and the width of the cathode-side flaring section 2107 flare opposite to each other with respect to the width direction of anode-side electrode unit 2102 respectively.
As show in FIG. 21C, electrode unit 2116 disclosed in patent document 2 measures M on its long side, and measures λ on the width of polarization electrode 2118, and the first end of the longitudinal side measures H1+λ, and the second end thereof measures H2+λ. The plane area S0c of collector 2117 is thus calculated with the following equation (1):
                              S                                                              0                    c                =                              1            2                                          M                                      (                                                H                                                                                1                                +                                  H                                                                                2                                +                                  2                                    λ                                            )                                                          (        1        )            where H1<H2 is established.
On the other hand, according to the structure shown in patent document 1, electrode unit 2119 measures M on its long side and polarization electrode 2121 measures λ on its width as shown in FIG. 21D. The first and the second ends of the long side measure H2+λ. Plane area S0d of collector 2120 thus figures out M(H2+λ). The difference between S0c and S0d is thus calculated with equation (2).
                                          S                                                                          0                        c                    -                      S                                                                          0                        d                          =                              1            2                                          M                                      (                                                H                                                                                1                                -                                  H                                                                                2                                            )                                                          (        2        )            Since H1<H2 is established as discussed above, S0c<S0d is established. As a result, the collector of the conventional capacitor disclosed in patent document 2 has a smaller plane area than that of the capacitor disclosed in patent document 1. It will be detailed later but as shown in FIG. 6, the collector has a smaller resistance with its smaller plane area. Therefore, the electrode unit of the wound element of the conventional capacitor disclosed in patent document 2 has a smaller resistance than the electrode unit that of conventional capacitor disclosed in patent document 1. As shown in FIG. 21B, the structure of the capacitor disclosed in patent document 2 allows preventing the edge of electrode unit of the collector from protruding at the edge of the wound element, and also allows a positive connection between the collector and the external terminals of an electric storage device.
According to the structure of the conventional capacitor disclosed in patent document 2; however, the collector of the electrode unit closes the winding shaft of the wound element as shown in FIG. 21B. This is also observed in the conventional capacitor disclosed in patent document 1. The winding shaft closed by the collector prohibits the shaft from being fixed to the housing by using the projection prepared at the center of the lid or the cylindrical housing. As a result, it is difficult for a capacitor to insulate positively between the anode and the cathode, or to obtain the reliability in the vibrating circumstances.    Patent document 1: Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H10-294102    Patent document 2: Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-56886

Capacitor having collectors with separate regions between innermost and outermost circumferences of a wound element


For a memory access at a processor, only a subset (less than all) of the ways of a cache associated with a memory address is prepared for access. The subset of ways is selected based on stored information indicating, for each memory access, which corresponding way of the cache was accessed. The subset of ways is selected and preparation of the subset of ways is initiated prior to the final determination as to which individual cache way in the subset is to be accessed.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure generally relates to processor caches, and more particularly to preparation of cache ways for access.
2. Description of the Related Art
A processor typically employs a cache to store data likely to be accessed in the near future. In order for the processor to access the cache's stored data, the storage elements of the cache must be in an accessible state. For example, in some caches the stored data can only be read when bitlines of the storage elements being accessed have been precharged to a particular voltage. Maintaining the storage elements of the cache in the accessible state consumes power. Accordingly, one technique for managing access to a cache involves maintaining the cache's storage elements in a low power state and, in response to an access request, transitioning the storage elements to be accessed to the accessible state. However, because it takes time to transition the storage elements, this technique can increase access latency.
The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicates similar or identical items.


A self-propelled forage harvester includes a chassis, an operator's cabin arranged on the chassis, a chopper drum, an ascending lower discharge chute extending from the chopper drum inside the chassis to a level above the chassis, a front attachment, a drive unit, at least two axle units, wherein the front attachment in its non-working position is arranged substantially in a region of one of the axle units, wherein the operator's cabin in its non-working position and the drive unit are arranged substantially in a region of a further axle unit, wherein the front attachment and the operator's cabin are at least movable from a working into a non-working position.

The present invention relates to a self-propelled forage harvester with a positionable operator's cabin.
A self-propelled vehicle with a positionable operator's cabin are disclosed for example in the German patent document DE OS 2 046 552. In the inventive embodiment of this vehicle the operator's cabin is arranged rotatably on an arm and is horizontally turnable around a pivot axis, and can be adjusted in at least two positions. The frames of the vehicle are equipped with devices for coupling and for receiving of a working elements. Before the receiving of working element, the operator's cabin is turned from the required mounting space for the working element into a position, in which the operator's cabin is oriented toward the frame and provides an optimal visibility of the operator in traveling direction or on the working element. The disadvantage of such an embodiment is that the operator's cabin is not positioned-changeable around the coupled working element to an opposite position.
Modern forage harvesters travel on the streets with a speed of up to 40 km/h. With the coupled tool, the load on the front axle when compared with the load on the rear axle is very high, the center of gravity of the forage harvester is located very close to the front axle, and due to the arrangement of the drive is placed very far from the ground. With this weight distribution the vehicle during acceleration or braking has an easy inclination to vibrations or swinging. The vehicles which sensitively react to steering impacts and roadway unevenness are difficult to control at high speeds. The non-uniform load distribution is compensated by a ballast which is mounted on the supporting frame in the region of the rear axle. However, this has the disadvantage that the total weight of the forage harvester is increased and simultaneously the usable load is reduced.

Forage harvester with positionable operator's cabin

CLAAS Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen GmbH


The invention relates to a retainer clip or latch attached to a fence post, such as a plastic fence post, for use in electric fences, that can be used with different types of fence strand members, and that is operated by hand to permit easy securement and removal of the fence strand members. The clip includes first and second portions which are hingedly attached together at one end and are releasably engageable with each other at the opposite end. The clip defines a loop at one end for holding an elongate fence strand member, such as wire, and an elongated area for holding a broader fence strand members, such as electric tape. The loop and elongated area are separated by a finger which extends from the second portion and into a notch in the first portion. The clips can be directly attached to a head portion of a T-shaped fence post at spaced locations along its length. In other embodiments, the clip is attached to an elongate bar which is detachably secured to the head portion of the fence post, or the clip is attached to an end cap which is detachably secured to an end of the fence post.

A fence is generally constructed of a plurality of spaced, vertically extending fence posts with fence strand members, such as electric wire or tape, barbed wire, etc. extending between the fence posts at spaced vertical locations along the fence posts. The fence strands are typically secured to each fence post in order to secure the fence strands in place and maintain the vertical spacing thereof. Previous systems for securing fence strand members to fence posts include forming holes or slots in the fence posts to receive the fence strands, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,861,122; providing tabs or projections on the fence posts for securing the fence strands, as shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,821,365 and 4,070,007; and by using retainer members which are secured around the fence post and fence strands for securing the fence strands in place, such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,977,653. These previous securement systems however are generally designed for use with a single type of fence strand member and thus do not allow for a wide range of fencing materials to be secured to the fence post. Additionally, many of the previous securement systems are difficult to use, often times requiring a physical deformation of the securement structure, in order to both secure the fence strands in place and to permit removal of the fence strands, thus usually requiring the use of a deformation tool.
What is needed then is a system for securing fence strand members to a fence post that can be used with a wide variety of fence strand members, and that does not require a physical deformation of a securement member in order to secure the fence strands in place.

Fence strand retainer clip for fence posts