A high-precision heavy-load numerically-controlled flanging machine comprises a machine frame, an edge pressing assembly, a flanging beam and a flanging beam transmission mechanism that comprises an inclined slide rail, an inertia block and two crank-connecting rod mechanisms; the flanging beam is provided with a driving inclined plane; the inclined slide rail is mounted on the machine frame; the inertia block is provided with two non-parallel inclined planes, wherein one inclined plane of the inertia block is slidably mounted on the inclined slide rail to form a sliding pair I, and the other inclined plane of the inertia block is in sliding fit with the driving inclined plane of the flanging beam to form a sliding pair II; cranks of the two crank-connecting rod mechanisms are hinged on the machine frame.

In the field of industrial production, the mental plate accounts for a very high proportion. For example, in the automobile industry, the metal plate forming and processing accounts for about 60%; in the white household industry, the metal plate processing accounts for about 80%; in the industries such as electric appliance cabinets, express delivery cabinets, cupboards and file cabinets, the metal plate processing accounts for more than 95%.
In recent years, the numerically-controlled metal plate processing equipment is developing in an approach towards automation, intelligence, high speed, high precision and heavy load. In the metal plate forming and processing industry, the metal plate bending is a process with the largest difficulty in techniques and automation. The overall technical level of the bending processing of plates determines the technical level of the whole field of metal plate processing.
The conventional metal plate bending is a "three-point" bending process, and the principle of which is shown in FIG. 12. In this processing, the metal plate will overturn upward upon bending, which will affect the processing precision, pose a threat on the personal safety of operators, and increase the labor intensity.
To solve this problem, there are two solutions:
1. A supplementary material-supporting mechanism, such as, a bending follow-up material-supporting device (Application No. 201810934350.3), and a synchronous follow-up material-supporting device of a numerically-controlled bending machine (Application No. 201010194128.8), is adopted.
2. A supplementary bending robot, such as, a metal plate bending robot with additional seven axes (Application No. 201820081641.8) and a follow-up bending control method of a metal plate processing robot (Application No. 201811527563.0), is adopted.
The above two solutions can indeed improve the processing precision to a certain extent, reduce the labor intensity, and improve the operational safety. However, in the solution 1, a semi-automatic mode is adopted with required manual participation, so that the production efficiency is low; in the solution 2, the robot is expensive and covers a large area, the follow-up of the robot is not consistent with the bending of the flanging machine, so that the precision is influenced, and meanwhile, the robot is required to perform multiple operations, such as transporting, overturning and positioning, on the plate during work, so that the processing efficiency is seriously influenced.
Therefore, a bending processing technology and equipment adopting a "flanging" process are developed for heavy-load segments such as engineering machinery, shipbuilding and lamp posts, and certainly can also be applied to segments such as electric appliance cabinets and cupboards, as shown in FIG. 13.
The Chinese Patent Application No. CN201610497320.1 discloses a flanging mechanism of a metal plate flanging machine, comprising a machine frame, wherein a supporting table is arranged at the lower end of the front side of the machine frame, a pressing beam is arranged above the supporting table, a flanging beam is arranged in the front side of the machine frame, a vertical driving mechanism for driving the flanging beam to swing up-and-down is arranged at the left and right sides of the lower end of the flanging beam, and a horizontal driving mechanism for driving the flanging beam to swing back and forth is arranged at the rear end of the flanging beam. The vertical driving mechanism drives the flanging beam to swing up-and-down to realize the movement in the vertical direction, the horizontal driving mechanism drives the flanging beam to swing back-and-forth to realize the movement in the horizontal direction, and the linkage of the two can produce complicated flanging orbits to satisfy different customers' demand.
However, the above patent application has the following disadvantages in use, which needs to be further improved.
1. The horizontal driving mechanism has additional swing while moving in the horizontal direction, and the vertical driving mechanism has additional swing while driving the movement in the vertical direction, so that a single translation with two degrees of freedom in X and Y directions cannot be realized in absolute sense. Therefore, the tool nose orbit cannot be controlled precisely, and the control precision is poor; the angle can be corrected in the bending process only through repeated manual input of correction parameters, rather than through the automatic and precise mathematical calculation on the correction value, and the efficiency is low, so that the bending angle is difficult to control intelligently. In addition, the indentation left on the plate surface in the bending process is inevitable due to the poor precision of the tool nose orbit.
2. The processing precision of the equipment depends on the processing and assembling precision of each hinge point. Therefore, it is difficult to perform processing and manufacturing to realize mass production, which limits the large-scale popularization of the equipment. In addition, in CN201610497320.1, the hinge points are not only configured for driving, but also for guiding the flanging beam or limiting the degree of freedom. Therefore, the parallelism of the flanging beam in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction may be influenced during the movement due to the manufacturing error of the hinge points.
3. Due to the existence of additional swing, the movement position of the flanging beam is difficult to feed back in real time (there is nowhere to mount a feedback measuring sensor), the movement position of the flanging beam is difficult to feed back and control in a closed loop, and thus the processing precision is difficult to guarantee.
4. The abrasion of the hinge points, the elastic deformation of rods of the mechanism and the temperature deformation of components will have a great effect on the processing precision.

High-precision heavy-load numerically-controlled flanging machine

NANJING UNIVERSITY OF POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS


A pixel structure and a manufacturing method therefor, an array substrate, and a display device are provided. The pixel structure includes a pixel electrode, an active layer, a source/drain electrode layer, and a common electrode which are located on a base substrate. The pixel electrode is located between the base substrate and the common electrode. The source/drain electrode layer includes a first electrode and a second electrode which are electrically connected to the active layer, and the second electrode is electrically connected to the pixel electrode. The active layer is located between the base substrate and the source/drain electrode layer. The active layer includes a first surface close to the source/drain electrode layer. The source/drain electrode layer includes a second surface close to the active layer. Partial edge of the first surface is aligned with partial edge of the second surface.

With rapid development of display technology, liquid crystal display devices have been widely used in people's life.
The liquid crystal display device includes an array substrate and an opposite substrate which are opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the array substrate and the opposite substrate. The liquid crystal display device includes a pixel electrode and a common electrode, and an electric field is generated to control deflection of liquid crystal molecules by applying a common voltage to the common electrode and applying a pixel voltage to the pixel electrode, so that the light in different pixel regions is controlled.

Pixel structure and manufacturing method therefor, array substrate, and display device

CHENGDU BOE OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


A wall mount type display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a main body on which a display is provided, a wire having opposite ends connected to the main body, and a wall mount assembly which is fixed to a wall and to which the wire is hung to support the main body. The wall mount assembly may include a pair of supporting bars which support the wire and extend in a direction closer to each other toward the upper side, a first link rotatably connecting upper end portions of the pair of supporting bars to each other, a long hole formed through the supporting bar and extending in a longitudinal direction of the supporting bar, a second link located at a height lower than the first link, a protrusion protruding from opposite ends of the second link and inserted into the long hole, and a fixing member fixed to the wall through the protrusion.

The present disclosure relates to a wall mount type display device.
Display devices include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a field emission display (FED), a plasma display panel (PDP), and an electroluminescence device.
As an example of the electroluminescence device, an active matrix-type organic light-emitting display device using an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is commercially available. Since the organic light-emitting display device is a self-luminous element, the organic light-emitting display device has no backlight compared to a liquid crystal display device, and has advantages in response speed, viewing angle, and the like and thus is attracting attention as a next-generation display.
Meanwhile, the display device may be divided into a stand type display device and a wall mount type display device according to an installation method.
In particular, the wall mount type display device has advantages in that the wall mount type display device is easy to adjust the installation height, does not require a stand, and has a beautiful design because the installation bracket for the wall is not visible from the front.
However, the conventional wall mount type display device has a problem in that the configuration of the installation bracket is complicated and the installation method thereof is complicated.


A battery backed-up power supply and a method of operating the same to test a battery therein. In one embodiment, the power supply includes: (1) a transformer having a main power primary winding, an auxiliary power primary winding and a secondary winding, (2) a main power converter, coupled to the main power primary winding, that provides main power received from a main power source to the main power primary winding and (3) an auxiliary power converter, coupled to the auxiliary power primary winding, that provides auxiliary power received from a battery to the auxiliary power primary winding when the main power source is interrupted and is further selectively activatable while the main power source is operational to discharge the battery through the transformer and thereby test the battery.

Power converters commonly used in optical networks convert AC or DC input power to DC output(s) frequently have multiple outputs that are often derived from multiple transformers within the converters. In converters employing multiple transformers, DC power is commonly derived as a first stage converts commercial AC power into DC power by using an AC/DC converter. Once converted, the power is manipulated in a second stage by a DC/DC converter. This secondary conversion further conditions the power resulting in multiple voltage outputs. Such outputs commonly include voltage values of +5V, +3.3V, -48V and a variable return voltage.
Additionally, typical power converters include a battery backup stage that operates as an alternate power source when commercial AC power fails. The battery backup stage is coupled to both the AC/DC stage and the DC/DC stage. During normal operation, when commercial AC power is online, the battery backup stage operates in a charging mode, where the AC/DC converter supplies power to maintain the charge. When AC power fails, the battery backup stage switches to a discharge mode to supply power from one or more backup batteries to the optical network.
As those skilled in the art are aware, the backup batteries are routinely discharged for testing purposes to ensure performance when needed. Commonly, one battery (the "battery under test") is coupled at a time to a load that dissipates energy supplied to it by the battery under test. In systems using multiple battery backups, one battery is discharged while others remain in a continually charging mode, prepared to supply DC power to the load in case of main power failure.
Unfortunately, when the batteries are discharged through these loads, great amounts of power are wasted. Usually, the energy dissipated appears as heat radiated from the load. Not only is the heat emitted wasteful, it may also be harmful. The traumatic nature of this discharge commonly damages the load and reduces its overall lifetime. Should the load suffer a critical breakdown, the system as a whole could be damaged or destroyed. Additionally, heat generated can possible damage other components in the system or pose a fire hazard to equipment and buildings located in proximity.
Accordingly, what is needed in the art is a power supply which is capable of discharging and testing backup batteries in a manner that is less wasteful and less offensive to the environment.

Battery test circuit for optical network and method of operation thereof


A server interconnection system includes three switches each having n downlink ports and an uplink port, wherein n is an integer equal to or larger than 2; and m servers each having at least two network interface cards respectively connected to downlink ports of different switches, wherein m=3p/2, p is an even number equal to or larger than 2 but equal to or less than n, wherein every three servers form a group. A first server connects to a downlink port of a first switch and a downlink port of a second switch via two network interface cards. A second server connects to a downlink port of the first switch and a downlink port of a third switch via two network interface cards. A third server connects to a downlink port of the second switch and a downlink port of the third switch via two network interface cards.

In the current cloud computation, servers that provide cloud services with computation and storage capabilities are all arranged in the data center and are connected via networks. Therefore, the role of the today's data center is becoming increasingly important.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for illustrating a structure of a typical data center network. In a tree network structure as shown in FIG. 1, an edge switch (or ToR) usually has forty-eight 1G Ethernet ports downwardly connected to servers and one to four 10G Ethernet ports upwardly connected to aggregation switches. A link between an edge switch and an aggregation switch is referred to as uplink. Thus, when there are a large number of data communications occurring for servers between Racks, the core network will often become a bottleneck, which results in degradation of applications' performances. Especially in today's cloud computation environments, a growing number of applications like Map-Reduce require transferring large amounts of data between the servers. One simple optimization method is to localize as many servers' communications as possible, i.e., data transmission does not need to go through the core network. Imagine if a rack is capable of accommodating a sufficient number of servers, so that a large distributed system can be completely deployed over these services and thus communications between these servers do not need to go through the congested core network, then the core network will not become the bottleneck of the system. In reality, however, the number of connectable servers in one rack is limited to the number of ports of an edge switch (usually 48). It is of very high cost to extend the number of ports of the edge switch, for example, the price of a 96-port switch is about ten times that of a 48-port switch.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for illustrating a combination of an edge switch stack solution and a server end link aggregation solution. The benefit of such a connection is to increase bandwidth of servers, and communications of servers under each edge switch and is not limited to stacked data lines. According to the edge switch stack solution, the edge switch may be equipped with extra stack modules, and may be connected with each other via data lines (data lines "2 to 2.5G" as shown in FIG. 2). In accordance with the server end link aggregation (Link Aggregation, or Network Interface Card (NIC) Bonding) solution, a plurality of NICs are inserted into one server (host), and software providing a link aggregation function may allow a plurality of NICs to share one network identifier (e.g., a MAC address, an IP address, and the like). However, even if the edge switch stack solution is combined with the server end link aggregation solution, the number of servers capable of direct communication does not increase. For example, assume each switch has 48 ports, then the number of servers that are connected in such a combination is still (48+48)/2=48, because each server needs to occupy two ports of the switch.

Server interconnection system, server, and data forwarding method


A new cultivar of Physocarpus plant named ‘Jefroy’ that is characterized by its foliage that is dark purple in color with the color retained throughout the summer, its compact, dwarf plant habit with tidy branching, its leaves that are similar in size to Physocarpus cultivars that lack a dwarf plant habit, and its good resistance to powdery mildew.

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Physocarpus opulifolius and will be referred to hereafter by its cultivar name, 'Jefroy'. 'Jefroy' represents a new cultivar of Physocarpus, a deciduous shrub grown for landscape use.
The new Physocarpus arose from a breeding program conducted by the Inventor in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada. The objective of the breeding program was to develop new Physocarpus cultivars with unique foliage color combined with compact plant habits and disease resistance.
The new Physocarpus originated from open pollination in summer of 2007 of Physocarpus cultivars 'Monlo' (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 11,211), 'Seward' (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 14,821), and 'Center Glow' (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 16,894) and the seeds were pooled and sown. The new cultivar 'Jefroy' was selected as a unique single plant from the resulting seedlings in summer of 2011.
Asexual propagation of the new cultivar was first accomplished by stem cuttings by the Inventor in June of 2012 in Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada. Asexual propagation by stem cuttings has determined that the characteristics of the new cultivar are stable and are reproduced true to type in successive generations.


Supporting limited address mode memory access involves receiving a write request from the processor targeted to a first predetermined address. A data portion of the write request includes a target address of the system memory. In response to determining the write request is targeted to the first predetermined address, the target address is sent via a system interface to be stored in a configuration register of the processor director. A memory access request targeted to a second predetermined address is received from the processor. In response to determining the memory access request is targeted to the second predetermined address, the target address is retrieved from the configuration register of the processor director. The memory access is serviced using the target address retrieved from the configuration register.

The term "Moore's Law" refers to an observation that, since the time modern integrated circuits (ICs) have first been commercially produced, the number of transistors that can economically be placed on an IC increases exponentially, doubling approximately every two years. So far, Moore's Law has proven to be reliably predictive of the capabilities of digital electronic devices, such as the processing speed of central processing units (CPUs). A related trend is seen in the storage capacity for random access memory (RAM). Over time, RAM storage capacity has increased at about the same rate as processing power.
One side-effect of the huge growth in RAM capacity is that some computing architectures are not capable of natively accessing the large amounts of RAM that may be available on modern hardware. For example, at certain times during operation of a computer, the instruction processor(s) which execute software are limited in the address space they can directly access. For example, a processor may be limited to 16-bit or 32-bit addresses in certain modes, but have full address capability of 40 bits or greater during normal operation. In such a case, the processor would only be able to directly access memory locations up to FFFFh (16 bit) or FFFF_FFFFh (32 bit), even though memory locations up to FF_FFFF_FFFFh may exist.
Nonetheless, there are advantages in having large amounts of available RAM. As a result, computing architecture adaptations have been made to allow limited address space processors/processor modes to access data and instructions anywhere in available system memory. In some cases, system software has been used to ensure memory access conforms to the address limitations. While relatively easy to implement, such a software solution generally slows performance.

Method, system, and apparatus for supporting limited address mode memory access


An airport runway incursion detection and warning system for monitoring ground traffic in he vicinity of a runway or taxiway of an airport. The system utilizes a microwave radar transceiver, commonly referred to as a motion detector, connected to a voice annunciator to provide a verbal warning of aircraft or ground vehicle runway incursion. In one embodiment, the microwave transceiver is integrated into a runway lamp and includes a transformer to all w the transceiver to operate from an existing runway lamp power system.

This invention relates to the field of airport ground traffic control systems and ore particularly to a system for determining aircraft position an airport surface and for providing warnings of potential collisions.
Unauthorized incursions f aircraft and ground vehicles onto runways and taxiways can often have catastrophic results. The number of aircraft accidents hat occur on the ground is nearly three times the number of aircraft accidents that occur in the air.
In poor visual conditions the problem becomes even worse since the ground controller is often reliant on non-visual information such as voice communications from the cockpit crew, reporting an aircraft""s current position on the airport surface, or on display information from a ground traffic control radar system. Unfortunately, due to their prohibitive cost, only some of the largest airports in the United States have ground traffic control radar systems to aid the controller. The remainder of U.S. airports depend solely on the visual observations of flight controllers and on position reports from pilots. Of the airports which have ground traffic control radar, some of these systems are modern systems such as the ASDE-3 systems. However, many existing ground traffic control radars are over twenty years old, are difficult to maintain, and ay provide inadequate information in poor weather because rain, snow, and fog tend to interfere with the radar signals. Thus in a large number of airports, during poor weather conditions, the flight controllers are often literally reduced to asking air crews xe2x80x9cwhere are you?xe2x80x9d to locate aircraft on the airport surface Fortunately, for any particular airport there are generally only a few taxiway/runway intersections that are critical intersections, i.e., those intersections that have a history of an excessive number of runway incursions.
What is needed therefore is a reliable yet low cost system that provides a warning of unauthorized runway incursions to the flight controllers. Ideally such a system will provide an audible warning to flight con rollers since the controllers are typically continually watching their air traffic control screens and may not notice a purely visual warning of a runway incursion. In addition, such a system should be free from the poor weather operational problems associated with conventional radar warning systems.
The present invention is a simple, low cost, but effective, runway incursion warning system for monitoring the critical runway/taxiway intersections of an airport and for communicating data indicative of a possible runway incursion to flight controllers or other airport personnel. The system uses off-the-shelf microwave radar motion detectors for detecting the approach of aircraft, ground vehicles or people. A microwave radar system has important advantage over a conventional radar system. Most notably, due to the comparatively short wavelengths of microwaves, such systems are to as affected by rain, snow, or fog, as are conventional radar systems.
In the system of the present invention, microwave radar transceivers or motion detectors are located at predetermined installation sites adjacent to selected runways and/or taxiways of the airport. The motion detectors include a transmitter unit and a receiver unit. The detectors operate by transmitting microwaves in a cone shaped dispersion pattern. When an aircraft or a ground vehicle enters the dispersion pattern some of the microwaves are reflected back to the motion detector and are detected by the receiver unit. Commonly available motion detectors may be configured t o detect motion in one direction only, thus the system of the p resent invention may be configured to selectively detect either incoming or outgoing traffic. The detectors may also be arrange in pairs to detect the direction of travel of an aircraft or vehicle.
In the system of the present invention, when the detectors detect the approach of an air raft or ground vehicle, a signal is transmitted to an annunciator located in the tower. The annunciator provides a verbal warning to tower personnel of a potential runway intrusion. Preferably, the annunciator is programable so that different voices will provide warnings depending upon, for example, where the runway intrusion is occurring. This feature is highly advantageous, in that by using a different voice to indicate a runway intrusion at each critical area, tower personnel will be able to immediately recognize where the intrusion has occurred without waiting to hear the complete warning. A further advantage of the present invention system is that it operates at low power and may utilize the existing cabling normally provided for runway lights. In one particularly preferred embodiment, the motion detector and associated hardware are integrated with a typical runway lamp. These and other features of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying exemplary drawings.

Runway incursion detection and warning system


An air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes an air-fuel ratio detector, a fuel amount controller, an operational state parameter acquiring device, an extractor, a failure determination device, a variation state parameter calculator, and a determination stopping device. The operational state parameter acquiring device is configured to acquire at least one operational state parameter. The failure determination device is configured to execute failure determination of determining a failure in an air-fuel ratio control system of the internal combustion engine based on a specific frequency component extracted by the extractor. The variation state parameter calculator is configured to calculate a variation state parameter. The determination stopping device is configured to stop the failure determination if the variation state parameter calculated by the variation state parameter calculator is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold value.

1. Field of the Invention
The disclosure relates to an air-fuel ratio control apparatus for an internal combustion engine.
2. Discussion of the Background
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-220489 discloses a control apparatus that determines a variation in air-fuel ratio of each cylinder using a single air-fuel ratio sensor provided in the pipes-assembled portion of an exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders. This control apparatus acquires data to be used in the determination when a predetermined condition including the amount of a change in the intake air flow rate being smaller than a predetermined amount, the intake air flow rate lying within the range of predetermined upper and lower limits, and the amount of a change in engine speed being smaller than a predetermined amount is fulfilled.
Further, the control apparatus calculates the intensity (MPOW1) of a one-cycle frequency component (frequency component equivalent to a half of a frequency corresponding to the engine speed) which is calculated based on the acquired data, and determines that the air-fuel ratio for each cylinder is varying beyond an allowable limit, when the intensity of the frequency component is equal to or larger than a threshold value (THMP1).
The control apparatus according to the related art executes the determination which uses the amount of a change in an operational state parameter XOP (intake air flow rate, engine speed) of the engine by comparing the amount of a change DXOP for a constant time DT (e.g., 100 msec) with a predetermined amount DXOPTH. Even in case of an operational state where there is a significant change in a period of 300 msec or so, for example, data acquisition is permitted when the change DXOP is equal to or smaller than the predetermined amount DXOPTH (see FIG. 14A). Further, even when the operational state parameter XOP has varied significantly, data acquisition is permitted when the variation lies within the range of predetermined upper and lower limits XOPLMH and XOPLML (see FIG. 14B).

Air-fuel ratio control apparatus for internal combustion engine


An apparatus for adaptive de-interlace of a frame comprises a line-segment difference-value calculating module, a motion-vector calculating module, an intra-block calculating module, a trigger-value producing module, and an image processing module. The line-segment difference-value calculating module computes a difference value of a line segment within the frame. The motion-vector calculating module computes a motion vector of a macro block that is located in the frame and comprises the line segment. The intra-block calculating module computes the amount of intra blocks in the frame. The trigger-value producing module determines whether the amount of the intra blocks is larger than a first threshold or not, so as to select an algorithm for generating a trigger value. The image processing module determines whether the trigger value is larger than a second threshold or not and then selects a de-interlace algorithm for de-interlacing the line segment.

1. Field of Invention
The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for de-interlacing a frame and, in particular, to an apparatus and a method for adaptive de-interlace of a frame.
2. Related Art
According to the well-developed technology, the displaying quality of video media is greatly progressed. However, different image processing methods may affect the displaying quality while displaying the video media. The different processing methods are, for example, the interlace scan method and the progressive scan method.
An interlace scan frame is composed of two fields, wherein each field includes only the odd scan lines of the frame or the even scan lines of the frame. In the interlace scan frame, the resolution of each odd field and/or even field is only half of the original frame. The advantage of the interlace scan method is to smoothly display the dynamic image, and the disadvantage thereof is to cause the blurring in the displayed image. The scan speed of the progressive scan is twice of the interlace scan, so that the progressive scan can present fine and clear frames. As a result, the present advanced video apparatus adopts the progressive scan method for scanning and displaying.
Regarding to the scan standard of present analog televisions, the most popular standards includes the Television Standards Committee (NTSC) system and Phase Alternation by Line (PAL) system. The NTSC system adopts the interlace scan method, so that if the image of the NTSC system is displayed in a progressive scan display system, the displayed frame only includes the odd field or the even field resulting in the poor image resolution (only half of the original image resolution). Therefore, the display quality of the image is unsatisfied. In addition, if an interlace scan DVD image is directly displayed on a progressive scan display system, the above-mentioned problem also occurs. To solve the above-mentioned problem, the interlace scan image must be de-interlaced. In other words, the de-interlace process is a way for transforming the interlace scan image into the progressive scan image.
The de-interlace processes include two typical linear transform technologies, which are weave and bob de-interlace processes. Referring to FIG. 1A, the weave de-interlace process is to overlaid or weave two input fields (including an odd field and an even field) for generating a progressive frame. As shown in FIG. 1B, the bob de-interlace process is to accept only one input field, such as the even frame only, and to discard the other field, such as the odd frame. Thus, the resolution of the vertical direction of the frame is decreased to half of the original image. To recover the resolution of the image, two adjacent scan lines of the same field are used to compensate the scan line there between in the discarded field.
The weave de-interlace process has better effects for static images, but may have misalignment for the dynamic images, which results in the serrations at the edge of the frame and decreases the displaying qualities. The bob de-interlace process may overcome the misalignment problem to obtain clear and nature dynamic images. However, for the static images, the bob de-interlace process decreases the vertical resolution of the images and then compensates it by the interpolation method. Thus, the displayed frame becomes blurred and is not sharp.
It is therefore a subjective of the invention to provide an apparatus and a method for adaptive de-interlace of a frame, which can select the proper de-interlace algorithm according to the interlace scan frame to be processed, so as to employ the suitable de-interlace method to process the dynamic or static image. Thus, the displaying qualities can be enhanced.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Apparatus and method for adaptively de-interlacing image frame


A method for welding the surfaces of materials, of which at least one is glass, during which the energy that is required for the welding process is provided by with a laser beam, characterized by the fact that an intermediate sealing glass is applied between the surfaces that are to be welded and that the laser beam is adjusted in such a way that only the intermediate sealing glass melts.

The invention relates to a method for welding the surfaces of materials, of which at least one is glass, during which the energy that is required for the welding process is supplied by a laser beam.
Due to the specific properties of glass, it was required until now that glass which was to be bonded with another piece of glass or metal through fused mass had to be heated beyond the transformation point of the glass. In part it was also required to heat the areas that were to be fused together additionally, e.g. with flames. Subsequent to the welding process, the glass must cool down slowly to room temperature while avoiding stress, which could lead to breakage.
An example of the method of the kind described above is in U.S. Pat. No. 5,489,321, which shows radiation-absorbent material, e.g. a metal or a suitable oxide, is placed between glass panes in those areas in which the glass is to be welded together. Iron oxide, vanadium oxide or nickel oxide have proven to be particularly preferred radiation absorbent materials because the metal ions achieve their radiation absorption maximum around the emission wavelength of the Nd:YAG laser utilized in that example. The laser energy fed melts the glass of the glass panes due to thermal conduction through the metal or oxide, with the glass current of both panes becoming blended. This is also followed by the cooling process described above.
An objective of the invention is to provide a method for welding the surfaces of materials, of which at least one is glass, during which the cooling process no longer has to be monitored and controlled through readjustment.
These and other objectives are obtained by the invented method in which a laser beam is used and an intermediate sealing glass is applied between the surfaces that are to be welded together, and that the laser beam is adjusted in such a way that only the intermediate sealing glass is melted.

Method for welding the surfaces of materials

Institut fur Angewandte Photovoltaik GmbH


A tape for attaching bandages, with non-adhesive tabs at each end for easy manipulation and removal while wearing gloves is disclosed. Also disclosed are tapes with target markings for location of a puncture wound, tapes with pressure disks or plates attached, and methods of making and using the tapes.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to bandages and tapes, particularly to items used in a temporary fashion, such as in a hospital or dialysis situation, to stop bleeding in puncture wounds. It involves both temporary tapes which may be handled by those wearing gloves and tapes which provide guidance and assistance in applying pressure to a wound.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the past few years, in view of increasing health risks to practitioners in all areas of medicine, the use of rubber gloves has become routine. Furthermore, temporary tapes and bandages must be removed or changed frequently during many procedures. When one is wearing rubber gloves, however, the application and removal of tapes and bandages becomes a problem. The edges of the tapes are difficult to separate from the skin with a gloved hand, and the adhesive of the tapes sticks stubbornly to the gloves. Attempts to remove the used tape from the gloves often result in tearing or stretching the glove, which can defeat the very purpose of wearing the gloves in the first place.
For example, during kidney dialysis, or when blood is donated or received, needles and tubing must be taped to the patient's arm, and then removed; a bandage pad must be secured over the resulting wound until there is no longer a possibility of bleeding, and then it too is removed. During these procedures, the practitioners must wear gloves, due to the possibility of contamination from blood that is infected with hepatitis, the HIV virus, or other infectious agents. With the existing bandages and tapes, these procedures are difficult to accomplish while wearing gloves.
Up to this time, most of the development in this area has been focused on the separation of the tape from the backing which is used to protect the tape until it is used. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,807,613 (Koehnke) discloses a bandage in which non-adhesive tabs similar to those of the present invention are presented as a means for separating the bandage from its shield. Although the tabs of that invention may also allow for easier removal of the bandage from the skin if the adhesive used is not very strong, the perforations between the tabs and the adhesive part of the bandage present an undesirable possibility that the tabs will tear off of the bandage. In fact, this is presented as a feature of that invention, which is drawn to a more permanent bandage. The perforations of that invention also eliminate the possibility of placing the strips into a roll formation, with perforations between the strips to separate them from the rest of the roll. This is an important limitation, as a roll formation is particularly easy to use in a hospital or a similar setting where these tapes are used in large quantity (e.g., blood donation facilities). The roll eliminates the necessity for the gloved practitioner to remove individual packaging or a shield from each tape used.
One partial solution to this problem is to fold the end of the tape roll under onto itself, creating a non-adhesive tab. However, this maneuver, too, is difficult with a gloved hand, it must be repeated every time a piece of tape is used, and it creates only one tab end on each tape. In certain circumstances, it may be desirable to remove a tape by pulling in one direction particularly; however, with only one tab, the direction must be determined ahead of time, and the tape applied in the appropriate orientation for later removal.
Furthermore, at present, when blood is drawn from a patient, the puncture wound which results is stopped by placing a pad of multi-layered gauze over the wound and applying pressure thereon. Until a clot forms and bleeding is substantially stopped, continual pressure must be exerted against the wound to prevent loss of blood. Because the gauze pad which is placed on the wound is opaque, it is not possible to know the precise point at which to apply pressure. This is usually not a problem since under normal circumstances bleeding will stop in a matter of minutes as a clot forms over the wound.
In certain situations, however, a clot may take significantly longer to form. This can happen, for example, when a large needle is used, when an anticoagulant has been administered, or if the patient has poor clot-formation capabilities (e.g. if a patient is a hemophiliac). It is a particular problem in kidney dialysis, since a large needle is used and an anticoagulant is often administered. In some cases, pressure must be continually applied for as long as half an hour before a clot is sufficiently formed to stop most of the bleeding. In such a situation, it is important to apply pressure directly over the wound site in order to minimize blood loss over time.
One solution to this problem was proposed by the inventor in U.S. Pat. No. 4,981,133: a bandage pad with indicia on top and bottom, marking the place of the puncture wound. Also disclosed in that patent was a plastic piece, with a "nipple", which when placed over the bandage would provide concentrated pressure on the wound. However, the present invention combines a temporary tape particularly suitable for such applications with a marking system which is even better than those previously used.


A multi-layered pressure packaging comprises a first container including a lockable neck portion followed by a body part and a bottom part, obtained from a non-foamed thermoplastic material by stretch blow molding, and a first layer at least enclosing the body part and/or bottom part of the first container. The first layer comprises foamed material, and the foamed material layer is foamed in place with an outer enclosure applied over and around the first container defining a free space in between, and foamable material introduced and foamed between the first container and the outer enclosure in the free space, obtaining the foamed material layer. A second layer is applied on the outer surface of the foamed layer for keeping the foamed layer and the first container together. Methods are provided for manufacturing a multi-layered pressure packaging according to an embodiment.

Pressure packaging are generally known. A pressure packaging should offer resistance to internal pressure of the filling product enclosed in the packaging. With normal use, there may not be risk of bursting.
Examples of pressure packaging are soft drink bottles filled with carbonated drinks, spray cans or aerosols filled with a propellant such as propane or compressed nitrogen or air.
Existing pressure packaging generally comprise bulges and a spherical shaped bottom part, because they are the most pressure-resistant. Often, one has switched from glass to plastics to make packaging lighter. A processing technique that is appropriate for making round shapes from plastics, is a blow moulding process. Particularly a blow moulding process with a stretch phase of the plastic material is advantageous to obtain a plastic material that is thinner, light and strong. However, a skilled person will know that the orientation of the polymer chains of the plastic material in the stretch phase is not optimal in the shoulder and bottom parts of the stretch blow moulded packaging, for example a bottle.
Proposals to improving this consist of providing additional material thickness. A blowing process is however limited in the wall thickness that can be obtained. EP 2 791 030 suggests working with a double container to obtain additional strength. Providing additional wall thickness by applying an additional portion to the shoulder and/or bottom was also suggested, for example in U.S. Pat. No. 9,394,098. This usually does not result in an attractive look. However, the aesthetic aspect is important for the consumer experience.
Another suggestion, that has been used in gas bottle, consists of applying glass fibre windings around a plastic container. This has for example been described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,2870987. This construction makes recycling difficult. The gas bottle is also difficult to stack.
In spray cans, filling product mixed with a propellant can be replaced by a spray can construction wherein an additional inner container contains a supply of propellant and discharges it as needed to an outer container with the product to be dispensed. An example has been described in WO 2005/082744. This relieves pressure on the outer container, but sets increased requirements for the inner container to withstand pressure. Without additional measures, this type of container-in-container is limited to typically 8 bar, at most to a pressure of 20 bar.
GB 2214891 discloses a spray can comprising a stretch blow moulded inner container with hemispherical bottom, possibly from PET, and an outer body from a rigid material with flat, U-shaped bottom, formed by injection moulding a plastic such as PET. The outer body and the inner container are fixated by in situ foamed plastic material. The inner container that functions as a pressure vessel, has a thinner wall than the outer container. The thick outer wall leads to a significant weight increase.
FR 2661156 describes a method wherein the inner container is placed in a mould and a polyurethane mixture is foamed in the space between the container and the mould. After removal of the mould, a container with single-piece foam body is obtained, with a flat bottom. The container is a glass bottle or metal container, with a flat bottom. The thus obtained packaging is a packaging for perfume. The foam body is used to increase the freedom of design. The disclosure is not directed to improving plastic pressure packaging.
DE 3843375 describes a method wherein an inner container is placed in a mould, the mould wall is covered with a foil bag and isolation foam is inserted in a space between the foil bag and the inner container. Both the inner container and the foam layer have a curved bottom. The packaging is used for household water storage. The disclosure is not directed to improving plastic pressure packaging.
DE 19650357 described a method for an isolation container comprising a two-piece outer enclosure obtained by foaming a foam layer of plastic. The disclosure is not directed to improving plastic pressure packaging.
Consequently, there is a need for further alternatives and improvements.
The present invention aims to solve one or more of the above-mentioned problems.

Pressure packaging with improved drop resistance and impact resistance


Disclosed are various embodiments of pulse generation and automatic gain control (“AGC”) circuits and corresponding methods that are especially well suited for use in motion encoding systems. Analog output signals provided by a motion encoder serve as inputs to the pulse generation circuit, where peaks, valleys and/or crosspoints corresponding to such analog signals are first detected and then employed to generate output pulses corresponding thereto. These output pulses are next provided to an AGC circuit as self-generated clock signals which control the time windows over which the analog signals of the motion encoder are sampled and processed by the AGC circuit so as to adjust the gains applied to such analog signals.

In some incremental motion encoding systems of the prior art, automatic gain control ("AGC") is employed to control and maintain a desired gain or range of gains applied to analog signals provided by an encoding system. The gain provided by such a system may change due to effects arising from manufacturing variations, ambient temperature changes, and aging. Attempts have been made to correct such effects, typically by employing relatively complicated AGC circuitry. For example, external clocks have been incorporated into circuitry configured to detect the peaks or valleys of analog signals provided by motion encoders. Other or additional approaches to AGC in motion encoding systems include using analog-to-digital converters ("ADCs"), microcontrollers, and firmware calibration, where such approaches typically involve providing external clock signals. Such AGC implementations may feature several disadvantages, such as increased complexity, power consumption, noise, die size and cost. What is needed are smaller, less complex motion encoding systems capable of effecting at least adequate AGC, but which also feature lower power consumption and lower manufacturing costs.

Automatic gain control for motion encoder signals

Avago Technologies ECBU IP (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.


Translating to a hardware description language (HDL) from an architecture description language (ADL) is disclosed. An architecture description that is written in the ADL and has a hierarchical organization is received. Decoders are generated, described in the HDL, from the architecture description written in the ADL. Control signals are generated, described in the HDL, from the architecture description written in the ADL. The decoders are configured to output the control signals and the control signals are input to functional units in order to preserve the hierarchical organization of the architecture description written in the ADL.

Today's communication market faces strong competition and multiple new standards. For this reason, many systems, such as mobile devices, networking products, and modems require new embedded processors (EP). These EPs can either be general purpose, such as microcontrollers (μC) and digital signal processors (DSP), or application specific, using application specific instruction set processors (ASIP). Finding a best-in-class solution involves exploring the tradeoff between a general design that is highly flexible and a specific design that is highly optimized. This design exploration phase is conventionally very time consuming; however, given the importance of short product development cycle times, reducing the time required for the design exploration phase is highly significant.
Moreover, the design exploration phase is only a portion of the overall development process. The development process of new EPs is separated into several development phases, such as design exploration, software tools design, system integration, and design implementation. Significantly, the different design phases are assigned to different design engineering groups with specific expertise in their respective fields. Moreover, software tools and description languages vary from phase to phase. Thus, another important factor in the design of a new architecture is communication and verification between different design groups or at least design phases.
Another obstacle in the development process is that design tools that are used in one phase are often not suitable for use in another phase. Two types of languages that are used in the development process are hardware description languages (HDL) and instruction set languages (ISL). Hardware description languages (HDLs), such as VHDL or Verilog, are widely used to model and simulate processors, but mainly with the goal of implementing hardware. However, there are a number of drawbacks in using HDL models to explore the new architecture and to generate production quality software development tools, especially for cycle-based or instruction-level processor simulation. One disadvantage is that HDLs cover a huge amount of hardware implementation details that are not needed for performance evaluation, cycle-based simulation, and software verification. On the other hand, ISLs are mainly designed to retarget the software development tools, sometimes a complete tool suite. However, ISLs operate on a high level of abstraction to provide as much convenience as possible for fast and efficient design exploration phases. Unfortunately, ISLs do not contain the required information about the underlying hardware to allow a hardware description to be formed therefrom. Conventional development processes that use an ISL and an HDL require that new code be written in each language each time a modification is made to the design of the architecture being developed.
Therefore, it would be advantageous to provide a method that reduces the time required for the design exploration phase when designing a new processor. It would be further advantageous to provide such a method that facilitates communication and verification between different design groups and phases in the development process. It would be further advantageous to meet the above constraints while being compatible with existing technologies for developing processors.

Automatic generation of structure and control path using hardware description language


The invention relates to a laryngeal mask (1) comprising at least one airway tube (2) and a mask portion (3), which mask portion (3) comprises a top face (4) and a bottom face (5), said bottom face (5) comprising a lumen (6) that communicates with the tube (2) interior (7), and said top face (4) comprising a closed transition face (8), and said mask portion (3) being at least on the bottom face in the periphery delimited by an inflatable cuff (9), and said mask portion (3) comprising a joint throughout the entire internal circumference of the cuff (9), facing towards the lumen (6) and for providing a closed cuff. Hereby a product is provided which is formed integrally with regard to mask portion and airway tube portion thereby eliminating the risk that the two parts are separated in use.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a laryngeal mask that includes at least one airway tube and a mask portion, the mask portion including a top face and a bottom face, the bottom face including a lumen that communicates with the tube interior, and the top face including a closed transition face; and wherein the mask portion is delimited in its periphery by an inflatable cuff at least on the bottom face. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a laryngeal mask.
2. The Prior Art
EP-1 259 595 discloses the manufacture of laryngeal masks by means of rotational moulding, and wherein exclusively the mask portion as such is manufactured in that process.
From EP-9 35 971 and EP 922 465 it is known to manufacture the mask portion by blow moulding.
Laryngeal masks are used in connection with the establishment of passage of air to the respiratory tracts, while simultaneously the air passage to the oesophagus is blocked. The laryngeal mask is shaped such that its lumen within the mask portion as such faces towards the laryngeal opening, and wherein there is provided an inflatable elliptical cuff around that lumen that forms a seal around the laryngeal opening. To the cuff there is a tubular connection that is connected to a balloon part and a valve, and by which the peripheral cuff of the mask is inflated thereby ensuring a tight abutment of the product; likewise it is possible to perform a deflation of the peripheral cuff by extraction of air via said valve.
However, the prior art laryngeal masks are all manufactured as multi-component products, air tube and mask portion not being manufactured integrally but rather as two separate components that are subsequently to be assembled. Likewise it is known that the mask portion as such is manufactured as two components; viz as a cuff portion and a connecting element (mount member) that are subsequently to be connected to each other. On the one hand, such additional assembly process is costly and, on the other, there is also a risk that the laryngeal mask separates at the assembly part as such, which may have serious consequences to the patient in connection with anaesthesia, etc.
It is thus the object of the present invention to provide, on the one hand, a laryngeal mask and a method that remedy the above-referenced problems and whereby it is possible to provide a product that is configured in one piece with respect to mask portion and at least a part of the airway tube portion, thereby eliminating the risk of the two parts separating in use, and wherein the material thickness of the laryngeal mask varies and can be regulated unequivocally by the process. Hereby the requisite mechanical and elastic properties are imparted to the laryngeal mask in selected and well-defined areas.

Laryngeal mask and a method manufacturing same


A method of fabricating a built-in chip type substrate containing a semiconductor chip is disclosed. The method comprises a first step of mounting the semiconductor chip on a substrate; a second step of forming chip connection wiring connected to the semiconductor chip mounted on the substrate; and a step of forming an alignment post on the substrate before the first step, the alignment post being used for positioning the chip connection wiring.

The present invention generally relates to a method of fabricating a built-in chip type substrate containing a semiconductor chip.
Recently and continuing, performance of electronic apparatuses using semiconductor devices such as semiconductor chips is becoming higher and higher, and it is required to highly integrate and miniaturize substrates on which semiconductor chips are mounted.
For this purpose, built-in chip type substrates in which a semiconductor chip is embedded are proposed, and further a variety of structures are proposed for such substrates containing semiconductor chips.
When forming such built-in chip type substrates, it is necessary to form wirings connected to semiconductor chips. Density and fineness of the wirings connected to the semiconductor chips are becoming higher and higher.
[Patent Document #1]
Japanese Laid-open Publication 2001-217381
However, as the density and fineness of such wirings connected to semiconductor chips become higher, the above explained built-in chip type substrates have the following problem. The accuracy of connection between the wirings and the semiconductor chips is difficult to control and therefore throughput of the substrate is lowered due to connection failures.
The main cause of such connection failures is poor accuracy of exposure position in photolithographic processes for patterning wirings connected to semiconductor chips. Thus it is desired to improve the accuracy of positioning wirings, compared to conventional exposure accuracy.

Method of fabricating a built-in chip type substrate


A refrigeration system module including a frame, a heating plate having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet and a first heat transfer surface, a cooling plate having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet and a second heat transfer surface, an expansion device disposed between the heating and cooling plates and in fluid communication with the heating plate fluid outlet and the cooling plate fluid inlet, and a hermetic compressor assembly. The compressor assembly is disposed between the heating and cooling plates and has a discharge outlet in fluid communication with the heating plate inlet, and a suction inlet in fluid communication with the cooling plate fluid outlet. The heating plate, the cooling plate, the expansion device and the compressor are fixed to the frame, and the first and second heat transfer surfaces each at least partially define an exterior surface of the module.

The present invention pertains to heating and cooling systems, particularly those for controlling the temperature of fluids, components or items within an enclosure.
Some enclosures contain components or items which are to be heated or cooled. These enclosures may include cabinets housing computers or other electronic devices, vending machines containing food or beverages, coolers, warmers, and other applications. In some first application types, a fluid medium in the enclosure, such as air or water, may first be cooled or warmed, with convective heat transfer secondarily occurring between the item or component and the medium. Additionally, these applications may relate to providing a product which involves temperature-treating a fluid, such as an ice machine. Examples of this application type are very well known, and include, in addition to ice machines, refrigerators, immersion baths, vending machines, and other applications.
In other, second application types, the item or component may be directly cooled or heated via conductive contact with a heatsink or a source of heat. As an example of this application type, it is sometimes necessary to provide cooling to microprocessors or breadboards within a computer cabinet beyond what can be accomplished via forced air convection. Typically, such cooling is performed by placing the component in conductive communication with the heat transfer surface of a cold plate, which serves as a heatsink.
Cold plates are well-known heat exchangers, are readily commercially available, and are usually constructed of a metal, such as an aluminum or copper alloy, having good conductive properties. Cold plates are typically metal machinings, castings or weldments providing a heat transfer surface, and which are provided with conduits located beneath the heat transfer surface and formed of series of passages or baffles, or a tubular coil through which a working fluid is flowed. The working fluid is introduced into the interior of the cold plate through an inlet, and directed through the conduit to a cold plate outlet. Heat is transferred conductively to or from the heat transfer surface to the conduit, and convectively between the conduit and the working fluid. The heat transfer surface may be small or quite large, depending on the needs of the particular application, such as, for example, the number of components to be conductively cooled.
Thus, in cooling, heat is transferred from what is being cooled to the plate's heat transfer surface, then conductively to the conduit wall, and then convectively to a cooling working fluid. The warmed fluid then exits the cold plate through the outlet and is expelled to ambient, or is cooled before being recirculated through the cold plate. Similarly, in heating, heat is transferred from a warming working fluid convectively to the conduit, then conductively to the heat transfer surface, and then to what is being warmed. Liberated of the transferred heat, the cooled working fluid exits the plate through its outlet and is dumped to ambient, or is reheated before recirculation through the cold plate. Herein, the term "cold plate" is used for this type of heat exchanger regardless of the direction of heat transfer between the working fluid and the heat transfer surface.
Cold plates may also be used for heating or cooling in applications of the above-mentioned first type, wherein heat is transferred between the cold plate's heat transfer surface and the convective fluid medium, which in turn heats or cools items or components surrounded by the medium. In such applications, air or water, for example, may be placed in convective contact with the exterior of the cold plate's heat transfer surface or another convective heat exchange arrangement, such as a plurality of fins, placed in conductive contact with the cold plate's heat transfer surface.
The applications for cooling or heating with cold plates vary greatly, and the manufacturers of the component or enclosure to be heated or cooled often lack the expertise, facilities or willingness to design, assemble or otherwise provide cooling or heating componentry, much less systems including same. Therefore, these manufacturers typically look to vendors for supplying the necessary components or heating/cooling systems or subsystems. Normally, the cold plate is provided as a component separately from other heating or cooling components, and the manufacturers or their customers undertake assembly of the heating/cooling system or subsystem.
Regardless of the application, a complete, modular system by which heating or cooling of an enclosure, or items or components therein, may be easily provided is greatly desirable. Such a system would simplify design and assembly for the above-mentioned manufacturers and/or their customers, and improve the reliability of the system, for no fluid joints to or from the heating/cooling system, or any other assembly of the system itself, need be made thereby.
Further, it would be desirable to provide a common heating/cooling system by which either heating or cooling can be performed with the same module. Such a module would reduce complexity and inventory, and their attendant costs, and simplify assembly and repair procedures.
Further still, despite any such standardization of such modules, it would be desirable in some instances to conveniently increase the heating or cooling capacity of an enclosure utilizing such modular systems.
Moreover, a means for quickly replacing a heating or cooling system without special tools, disconnecting and connecting fluid joints, or undertaking working fluid charge procedures, in the event of system failure or as part of routine maintenance, would also be desirable.


Process for preparing an olefin polymer including the step of polymerizing an olefin in the presence of a polymerization catalyst and hydrogen as molecular weight regulator in a gas-phase polymerization reactor to yield growing polymer particles, the reactor including three or more polymerization zones and at least two thereof are sub-zones of a polymerization unit wherein the growing polymer particles flow downward in a densified form and at least one polymerization zone has a ratio of hydrogen to the sum of olefins which is a factor of at least 1.5 lower than the ratio of hydrogen to the sum of olefins in the polymerization zone having the highest ratio of hydrogen to the sum of olefins and a factor of at least 1.5 higher than the ratio of hydrogen to the sum of olefins in the polymerization zone having the lowest ratio of hydrogen to the sum of olefins.

Hydrogen can be used as a molecular weight regulator in olefins polymerization processes. When polymerizing the olefins in a combination of polymerization zones which have different concentrations of hydrogen, it is possible to broaden the molecular weight distribution of the resulting polyolefin or yield polyolefins having a bimodal or a multimodal molecular weight distribution.
An example of polymerizations reactors which allow broadened or bimodal polyolefins are multizone circulating gas-phase polymerization reactors, wherein the growing polymer particles flow upward through a first polymerization zone (riser) under fast fluidization or transport conditions, leave the riser and enter a second polymerization zone (downcomer) through which the growing polymer particles flow downward in a densified form, leave the downcomer and are reintroduced into the riser, thereby establishing a circulation of polymer between the riser and the downcomer.
Another configuration for preparing polyolefins involves a polymerization reactor having two polymerization zones of different hydrogen concentrations and includes a fluidized bed of growing polymer particles and a connected zone, wherein the growing polymer particles flow downward in a densified form. Polymerization zones, in which the growing polymer particles flow downward in a densified form, can be designated as "moving bed" or "settled bed" unit or reactor.
These polymerization processes are operated in a polymerization reactor having two zones of a different composition of the reaction gas mixture.

Olefin polymerization process in a gas-phase reactor having three or more polymerization zones


An integrated circuit package comprising an enclosure including a dielectric housing, a first electrical contact, and a second electrical contact. The dielectric housing, the first electrical contact, and the second electrical contact are configured to form a contact side of the enclosure. In addition, the first and second electrical contacts are sized to be substantially alignment insensitive for electro-mechanical connection to corresponding contacts of an end-use equipment. The enclosure encapsulates an integrated circuit die which is electrically coupled to the first and second electrical contacts. The alignment insensitive first and second electrical contacts may be electro-mechanically connected to corresponding contacts of an end-use equipment (e.g., a printer). Further, the integrated circuit package may be hosted by a peripheral device (e.g., a printer cartridge).

Integrated circuit packages, such as small outline integrated circuits (SOICs) or small outline transistors (SOTs), typically consist of an epoxy plastic housing enclosing an integrated circuit die, and a lead frame consisting of a plurality of electrical contacts extending from the inside to the outside of the housing. Wirebonds situated within the housing electrically connect the integrated circuit die to the plurality of electrical contacts of the lead frame.
Generally, such integrated circuit package is soldered onto a printed circuit board. The printed circuit board including the integrated circuit package are then assembled onto an end-use equipment. This may require attachment of the printed circuit board to the end-use equipment using screws, adhesive, plastic staking, or other means. For certain applications where costs should be minimized, such a three-step process of forming the integrated circuit package, soldering it onto a printed circuit board, and then assembling the printed circuit board to an end-use equipment is not suitable because it is overly complicated, time consuming, and expensive.

Single sided, flat, no lead, integrated circuit package


The aim of the invention is to prevent an unwanted conduction of a flow of gas inside a channel that connects an inner space of an enclosed switchgear (1) to another space. To this end, the channel is closed by means of a closing mechanism according to an increase in pressure in the inner space.

A switchgear assembly is disclosed, for example, in German patent specification DE 196 95 304 C1. The known switchgear assembly is an electrical assembly for the medium-voltage range, which is essentially physically bounded by two or more switchgear cabinets arranged in a row. Various electrical devices, such as electrical lines, transformers, busbars and power breakers are arranged in the switchgear cabinets, which act as encapsulation.
If a fault occurs within the encapsulated switchgear assembly causing an arc to form, the arc results in a pressure wave forming within the switchgear assembly. In order to prevent the encapsulation of the switchgear assembly which is present there from being destroyed, provision is made for the flow of gas produced as a result of the arc to be passed to the outside via channels. In order to ensure that persons and objects located in front of the outlet openings of the channel are protected, the outlet openings are each provided with a damping element. This damping element has a large number of deflector elements, which act as a labyrinth for the flow of gas. The damping element considerably increases the length of the path of the flowing gas. In addition, the deflector elements act as cooling elements. The gas flow conditions of the damping element outlet can be coped with easily and are non-hazardous.
A large number of individual deflector elements are required for the damping element to act effectively. In order to guide the flow of gas along a flow path which is as long as possible past as many deflector elements as possible, a physical volume is required which cannot be reduced indefinitely. The design of the damping element, which cannot be reduced in size indefinitely, restricts the arrangement of such a damping element on a switchgear assembly considerably. In addition, it is problematic to point the outlet opening of such a damping element in any desired direction, for example at a point of access for the operator on the switchgear assembly or directly against building walls. Even when the damping element damps and cools the flow of gas very effectively, a risk to persons and material cannot be ruled out. Owing to the abovementioned conditions, the known designs are quite restricted with respect to the arrangement of channels on encapsulated switchgear assemblies.

Electric switchgear with an enclosed design


An improved method is claimed for responding to channel pointers in a wireless communications system, such as a cellular telephone system, operating on a communications spectrum having channel bands. The method includes storing a band search list, receiving a channel to a pointer to a pointed-to control channel, and disregarding the channel pointer if the pointed-to is in a channel band not included on the band search list. The improved method improves system response time and more efficiently utilizes system resources.

Wireless communication systems, such as cellular telephone systems, have proved to be very popular. Such systems typically include numerous mobile units (e.g., cellular telephones), a plurality of base stations at fixed locations, and one or more switching centers connecting the wireless communication systems to other communications systems, such as the land line public switched telephone network.
It is common for such systems to employ a large number of discrete communication channels for communicating voice and data from one location to another and for controlling system functions. It is also common for there to be multiple communications service providers in competition with each other for each type of communication service. As such, within a given geographical area it is typical for the various communication channels to be allocated to the different competitors such that only one service provider is responsible for providing service on any given channel.
To facilitate communications channel allocation, the spectrum of channels may be divided into several channel bands, each containing a plurality of communications channels. Thereafter, an entire channel band may be allocated to a particular service provider for a given geographic region. Thus, in a certain region, service provider Alpha may be allocated channel bands A and C, while service provider Beta may be allocated channel band B, and service provider Gamma all other channel bands. The particular details of the channel band allocations are well known in the industry. Further, because it is desirable for a subscriber of service provider Alpha to use service provider Alpha's communications channels, it is common for mobile units subscribing to Alpha's service to maintain a listing of the channel bands allocated to Alpha. This list is then used to preferentially select which channels are used for communications.
During use, it is common for the mobile unit to be switched from one channel to another, an event which can be triggered by a wide variety of reasons. For example, in a cellular phone call release procedure, a cellular base station can provide a channel pointer that will direct a mobile cellular phone to switch to a new control channel to await future paging signals. As another example, a mobile unit may receive a channel pointer as part of a redirection procedure to alleviate overload conditions when a base station is handling too many communications sessions. In any event, because it is very desirable for channel switching to be transparent to the user, this channel switching must happen as quickly as possible. In addition, because the channel switching utilizes system resources including mobile unit power, the switching procedure should be as efficient as possible.

Method for responding to channel pointers using channel bands


An electro-optical glare shielding device for protective glasses, protective helmets or protective masks, which includes an electro-optical glare shield including at least one liquid crystal cell, an electronic circuit connected to the electro-optical glare shield for applying an electric operating voltage thereto for varying the optical transmission value of the at least one liquid crystal cell, a light sensor connected to the electronic circuit for providing an input signal thereto indicative of sensed light adjacent to the electro-optical glare shielding device and in which the electronic circuit produces an electric operating voltage such that the optical transmission value of the at least one liquid crystal cell is less than 1% and the electric operating voltage frequency is less than 32 Hertz.

The present invention relates to a process for operating an electro-optical glare shielding device and a glare shielding device suitable for implementing this process.
Glare shielding devices are universally known and are used preferably in the welding and cutting torch technology. As a rule, with these glare shielding devices the radiation above 780 nm (infrared) and below 365 nm (ultraviolet) are filtered and only the radiation in the visible range is dimmed.
Safety shields are known, for example, from French Patent No. FR-2 293 188, where, in particular, safety shields are described that are constructed of an ultraviolet light filter, an infrared filter, a polarizer and an analyzer, between which is an electro-optical element. The electro-optical element rotates the polarizing direction of the light polarized by the polarizer into a direction for which the analyzer is opaque. Thus, within a few tenths of a second adequate dimness can be obtained. During this dimming period, however, the user is intensively blinded and is thus inadequately protected.
Therefore, electronic circuits, as described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 3,575,491, have already been developed to operate liquid crystal cells, with which the change-over times of the liquid crystal cells are in the millisecond range. To this end, a high electric voltage, which fluctuates with a frequency of over 60 Hertz, is attached to the liquid crystal cell. Unfortunately the operation of these devices is associated with a high electric power and thus the properties of the liquid crystal cells that are used are rapidly modified.
These and all other prior art glare shielding devices are characterized by a high power consumption. Additionally, the drawbacks of devices with unstable or rapidly consumed voltage sources are well known.
Since today's conventional glare shielding devices utilize a plurality of liquid crystal cells, usually several connected in series, in the steepest range of the transmission characteristic of these liquid crystal cells, the high temperature dependence and the high voltage dependence of this characteristic have a high negative effect. In particular, during normal operation these dependencies render the use of automatically starting glare shielding devices difficult and make it necessary to compensate for these changes in transmission.
Another problem that has still remained unsolved relates to the scattered light which is produced by the liquid crystal cells themselves and cannot be eliminated by the polarizers.

Glare shielding device and process for operating same


A novel class of transporter protein, referred to as SWEET, GLUE or Glü, is disclosed. These transporters provide a novel system for the transportation of sugars across membranes within a cell and between the inside and outside of a cell. Such transporters are useful for understanding and altering the sugar concentration within certain organs of an organism, and within certain organelles within the cell. These transporters are also useful in protecting plants from a pathogen attack.

The need and use of carbohydrates in many biochemical pathways has been extensively studied and reported over centuries. Mono-, di-, and polysaccharides, or sugars, are a prime dietary source of carbohydrate for many organisms.
Glucose is one of the more readily available sugars and its structure lends itself to be readily acted on by the biochemical systems of many organisms. Comprised of six carbon atoms, glucose falls within the category of aldehexoses. Aldehexose has four chiral centers which lead to 16 stereoisomers. Two stereoisomers of aldehexoses are regarded as glucoses, the major one being D-glucose. All major dietary carbohydrates contain glucose, either as their only building block, as in starch and glycogen, or together with another monosaccharide, as in sucrose and lactose. The metabolism of this carbohydrate translates into energy, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Other metabolic routes for glucose lead to energy storage. The glucose molecule can exist as an open-chain (acyclic) form or in a ring (cyclic) form.
Glucose may be used as a precursor for the synthesis of several important substances, such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen. Lactose, a sugar in milk, is a glucose-galactose disaccharide. Sucrose, another disaccharide, joins glucose to fructose. While glucose is the major transport form of sugars in metazoa, sucrose and its derivatives serves as the major transport form in plants.
Glucose is one of the downstream products of photosynthesis in plants and some prokaryotes. In eukaryotes, such as animals and fungi, glucose may be produced as the result of the breakdown of glycogen, through a process referred to as glycogenolysis. In plants, the resulting breakdown substrate is starch. Glucose may also be derived from the action of invertase on the major transport sugar sucrose in plants (in the cell wall, the cytosol or vacuole, each by a specific isoform).
In animals, glucose may be synthesized in the liver and kidneys from non-carbohydrate intermediates, such as pyruvate and glycerol through a process referred to as gluconeogenesis. Glucose may also be synthesized, such as through enzymatic hydrolysis of starch. Commercially, crops such as maize, rice, wheat, potato, cassava, sago, and arrowroot may be used as a source of starch.
Glucose may be used in either aerobic or anaerobic respiration. Carbohydrates are a significant source of energy for organisms. Aerobic respiration can provide roughly 3.75 kcal of energy per gram. Breakdown of carbohydrates, such as starch, results in monosaccharides and disaccharides. Through the process of glycolysis and the reactions of the citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle), glucose is oxidized and broken down to eventually forms carbon dioxide and water, yielding energy sources, predominantly ATP. The insulin reaction, as well as other mechanisms, may regulate the concentration of glucose in the blood.
The need for energy in neurological centers, such as the brain, directly correlates glucose to psychological processes. Glucose is a primary source of energy for the brain, and hence its availability influences psychological processes. When glucose is low, psychological processes requiring mental effort may be impaired. Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration start with the early steps of the glycolysis metabolic pathway, the first step being the phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase to prepare it for later breakdown to provide energy. The immediate phosphorylation of glucose by a hexokinase may then prevent diffusion out of the cell. The act of phosphorylation adds a charged phosphate group, thereby preventing the glucose-6-phosphate from easily crossing the cell membrane. Glucose is also important for the production of proteins and in the process of lipid metabolism. Glucose may also serve as a precursor molecule for ascorbic acid, or vitamin C.
Accordingly, the uptake, absorption, processing, metabolism, exchange and transport of sugars, such as glucose and sucrose, within a cell and between cells of a tissue in an organism is of utmost importance for the ability of a cell or the organism comprising the cell to thrive. Dysfunction of glucose or sucrose transport across cell membranes and between the organelles of a cell can be catastrophic. There is a need to develop methods to regulate the transport of glucose efficiently.


A micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) sensor packaging includes a first wafer having a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) formed thereon, a second wafer disposed corresponding to the first wafer and having a concave portion on one side thereof and a MEMS sensor prepared on the concave portion, joint solders formed along a surrounding of the MEMS sensor and sealing the MEMS sensor jointing the first and second wafers, and pad solders formed to electrically connect the ROIC circuit of the first wafer and the MEMS sensor of the second wafer. According to the present disclosure, in joining and packaging a wafer having the ROIC formed thereon and a wafer having the MEMS sensor formed thereon, the size of a package can be reduced and an electric signal can be stably provided by forming internally pad solders for electrically connecting the ROIC and the MEMS sensor.

MEMS refer to a technology field fabrication a sensor, a micro actuator or a gyroscope by using a semiconductor fabrication technology. Accordingly, precision processing, uniformity of products, and high productivity of the semiconductor technology are applied to the MEMS, and performance thereof is enhanced and cost is reduced.
MEMS devices, for example, an acceleration sensor, a gyro sensor, and a resonant gyroscope are packaged for protection or sensitivity increase. As the rapid development of the MEMS device manufacturing technology, high density and miniaturization of the MEMS device are realized and accordingly, miniaturization of a package thereof is necessary.
Accordingly, a wafer level packaging is frequently attempted which performs packaging in a wafer state having a device formed thereon.
A MEMS device package by typical wafer level packaging has a structure in which a substrate for a glass-based cover and a substrate for a silicon-based device are joined by anodic-bonding. However, due to the thickness of the glass substrate for the cover, the thickness of the package becomes greater and, due to large via holes formed in the glass substrate, there is limitation in reducing the size of the package. Using such a large size MEMS device package results in disturbing minimization of the device.
In addition, since a method of arraying each device on a plane in a unit device state and using a wire bonding process maintains air-tightness by using a cap on the device in the case where hermetic characteristics of the MEMS device is required, the package dimension of the entire package is large and a process thereof is complex.
An aspect of the present disclosure provides a MEMS sensor packaging and a method thereof capable of reducing a size of a package and stably providing an electric signal by forming internally pad solders for electrically connecting a readout integrated circuit (ROIC) and a MEMS sensor in joining and packaging a wafer having the ROIC circuit formed thereon and a wafer having the MEMS sensor formed thereon.
Technical issues of the present invention are not limited to those described above and other technical issues will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

MEMS sensor packaging and method thereof


An information system for dynamic distribution of location-related information between users with different perspective views includes a number of user units each including a viewing arrangement defining a viewing direction and a registration subsystem for deriving a mapping between the current perspective view and a shared location reference. The user units also include a data management system and a wireless communication arrangement. At least one of the user units further includes a user input interface for designating a viewed location within the current perspective view for association with location-related information to generate a new location-related information entry for sharing with others of the plurality of user units. At least one other of the user units further includes a display device associated with the viewing arrangement for displaying location-related information correctly positioned in the context of the current perspective view.

The present invention relates to geographic information system and, in particular, it concerns a system and method for dynamic distribution of location-related information between users with different perspective views, and for providing location-related information based on a wide-area geographical database.
The developing field of technology known as "augmented reality" relates to systems which supplement a view of the real world with additional visual information. This technology has potential applications in a wide range of contexts, for example, ranging from industrial production to tourist information systems and to games. Of particular relevance to the present invention is the context of information systems where a system provides a user with geographic information related to various objects or locations which he or she is viewing.
One example of an augmented reality information system is prototype system under development as part of a project entitled "Augmented Reality-based Cultural Heritage On-site Guide" or "ARCHEOGUIDE" funded under a European Union "Information Society Technologies" (IST) project. The system is intended to give users touring cultural heritage sites a three-dimensional display of reconstructed sites as an overlay to the directly observed ruined site. The system also provides audio-visual presentations related to objects being viewed by the user. Registration of the user's position and direction of regard are achieved by a two stage process including gross tracking by GPS and compass measurements followed by fine alignment by registration of images from a head-mounted camera with pre-calibrated images taken from different viewpoints around the site.
Although the Archeoguide system potentially offers a significant step towards a useful outdoor geographic information system, it suffers from a number of severe limitations. Firstly, the need to provide an extensive set of pre-calibrated reference images covering the site from many different viewing angles is very limiting. While such an approach may be feasible for highly localized applications such as cultural heritage sites, it cannot form a basis for vide area systems where the task of setting up a large number of pre-calibrated reference images giving full coverage of a large area from multiple viewpoints would quickly become prohibitive.
A further limitation of the Archeoguide system is the inability to convey updated or transient location-related information, or other dynamic information, between users. Since the information displayed is based on a predefined information databases, there is no convenient manner for two different users viewing the same region to relay location-related information to each other.
In the field of geographical surveys and cartography, there exist extensive geographical databases which store various geographical information tied to geostationary coordinates. Such databases may include a wide range of information regarding natural and manmade features such as hydro-topology (e.g., rivers, streams, underground water sources and aquifers), vegetation, manmade infrastructure (e.g. roads, electricity cables, water, gas and oil pipelines etc.), buildings and other geographical information. Such databases often also include information about the physical topography of the landscape in the form of a digital terrain model (DTM) and/or digital surface model (DSM), and aerial or satellite photographs, or "orthophotos", which are tied to the geographic coordinate system at reference points. Such databases may provide partial or complete coverage extending over areas of many miles, for example extending over an entire urban area, natural park or other region of interest. In some cases, databases of this type encompass an entire state or country. Such databases have not previously been used as a basis for augmented reality applications or other information systems where information is presented in the context of video images or a direct view of the terrain.
There is therefore a need for a geographic information system which would allow distribution of location-related information between users with different perspective views. It would also be advantageous to provide a geographic information system which would operate on the basis of existing geographic information databases, thereby facilitating wide-area use of the system without extensive dedicated infrastructure.

Real-time geographic information system and method