A fishing lure comprising a lure body having a connector for connecting a fishing line to the lure body and at least one hook device including a hook shank with associated attachment device and at least one hook tip shaft with associated barb equipped tip, which hook device is non-releasably secured to the lure body by the attachment device. The hook tip shaft, when the fishing lure is being drawn through water in a stand by state by the fishing line, is arranged to extend away from the direction of drawing the lure and out from the lure body and the barb of each tip is located on the side of the hook shank away from the direction of drawing the lure so that the barb is disposed behind, relative to the direction of drawing the lure, the hook tip shaft.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed towards a fishing lure, comprising a lure body having connecting means for connecting a fishing line to the lure body and at least one hook device which consists of hook shank means with associated attachment device, and one or more hook tip shafts with associated barb equipped tip, which hook device is non-releasably secured to the lure body by the attachment device.
More particularly, the invention is directed towards a fishing lure which does not tend to catch in reeds, seaweed and the like, for example, when fishing in shallow water or in well vegetated stretches of water.
2. Description of the Related Art
Fishing lures catch easily in reeds, seaweed and other objects in the water whereupon the line may break leading to loss of the lure. Additionally, a landing net is generally necessary when fishing with the hitherto known lures. There have been many proposals to resolve these problems, but thus far no proposal has been presented which is simple and cheap to manufacture, is of low weight and non-dangerous to handle and which at the same time also functions such that the fish catches on the hook so effectively as to enable fishing without a landing net. Lure hooks generally catch in water weeds and other objects due to one or more of the hook tips penetrating into the weed/object. When this happens, the hook generally sits fast very firmly therein. In this respect, the lure may sit fast so firmly in some objects that the line breaks and the lure is lost. This is obviously undesirable and irritating during all sorts of fishing with conventional fishing lures, and hooks. This is a particularly serious problem when fishing for pike, for instance, and other fish which tend to keep to shallow, reedy inlets and similar waters. It is also a problem when fishing for cod, for example, and other fish which usually lie on the bottom.
Fishing lures equipped with spines have been described previously and the spine can protect against individual reed stems, seaweed strands and similar objects but fishing lures having spines, however, generally catch when the plant growth in the water is dense. It is not possible to fish in dense reeds, for example, with these lures. Additionally, the spines often get in the way when the fish bite, which can lead to the fish not catching on the hook. Furthermore, there is a risk that the fish may see the spine and be scared off.
There are also several of types of fishing lures having hooks hidden within a flexible material. When the fish bites, the flexible material is pressed together and hooks are laid bare through openings in the flexible material. The hooks, however, do not easily catch in the mouth of the fish because they are to some extent also shielded therefrom by the surrounding soft body envelope. The construction also leads to a relatively substantial water resistance, and water weed and other objects can easily catch in the openings in the lure body. The construction is also rather complicated, heavy and expensive.
Swedish patent specification no. 21 651 depicts a fishing lure having hooks retracted into the lure body by spring action or in a similar manner, which hooks are folded out when the fishing line is sufficiently tensioned, which occurs when the fish bites. The construction is, however, rather complicated and there is also a risk that the hook is unintentionally folded out due to some mishap. The complicated construction is also comparatively expensive. A further device in relation to pike lures is described in Swedish patent no. 44 499, which is equipped with hooks radially secured to an axle and a corresponding number of radiating plates or wings rotatably journalled on the same axle and abutting the hooks due to spring action or due to the shape of the plates/wings, and which retract from the hooks so that the hooks are laid bare upon pressure from the jaws of the fish. This construction leads, however, to a relatively substantial water resistance. It is relatively heavy and complicated and is therefore comparatively expensive. The device also provides resistance when the fish bites and thus counteracts the fish catching on the hook.


A mobile communication system (100) includes an infrastructure (121) including at least a first base transceiver station (123) and a plurality of mobile stations (101, 103), wherein each of the mobile stations is operable to detect interference by jamming to a signal sent on a downlink channel by the first base transceiver station and, when it determines that such interference exists, to send a notification message to the infrastructure.

A mobile communication system is one in which mobile or portable user terminals, such as mobile telephones, portable radios or radios on vehicles, herein collectively referred to as 'mobile stations', or 'MSs' ('MS' in the singular), can communicate via a network infrastructure which generally includes fixed installations including at least one fixed base station, known in the art as a 'base transceiver station' or 'BTS', and usually various sub-systems for management and control of the system including the at least one BTS. The system may for example be a cellular one including a plurality of BTSs wherein each BTS serves MSs in a given region or area known as a 'cell' or 'site' by radio communication. The cells of neighbouring BTSs in such a system are often overlapping.
Signals sent from MSs to their serving BTS in a mobile communication system are known as 'uplink' signals. Signals sent from a BTS to MSs are known as 'downlink' signals. Uplink and downlink signals may be, and usually are, sent on different channels, e.g. with different carrier frequencies.
A mobile communication system, especially a cellular system, may be a trunked system in which radio channels of the system are shared between MSs for different communications, and each channel is assigned for a particular communication for a temporary period only.
Communications of different types in a mobile communication system, originating either at a BTS or at a MS, may be sent on different channels dedicated to the different communication types. For example, the channels employed may include control channels and traffic channels in which communications transmitted comprise respectively control signals and traffic signals. There may be different channels for different traffic types for example communications of voice, short data and packet data information. In a system operating according to a TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) protocol, the different channels may be provided by different specified time slots or frames of slots of a single RF carrier, the different time slots or frames of slots being provided within a timing structure used by all terminals of the system.
Users of MSs generally require a high grade of service and reliable connectivity whilst using the system for various services such as telephony calls, dispatch calls and data transfers, especially more advanced data transfers such as transmission of picture or video images.
Generally, in a cellular system, it is desirable therefore for the MSs to be served by a selected BTS which can provide good radio signals to and from the MS. Since MSs can move from one region to another it is known for the MSs to monitor signals from different BTSs, in order to operate a procedure to determine whether it would be worthwhile, in order to receive better service, to switch from a current serving BTS to another one and if appropriate to carry out such a switch. In the art, the procedure to monitor for and to make determinations regarding such a possible switch is known as a 'cell re-selection' procedure. This usually operates in two stages, namely (i) a first stage in which the mobile station draws up a list of candidate non-serving BTSs to which it could potentially switch to as its serving BTS, including a preferred non-serving BTS which is selected to be top of the list; and (ii) a second stage in which measurements are carried out comparing signals from the preferred non-serving BTS with those from the current serving BTS and determining whether certain criteria are met which require a switch to the preferred BTS to be made. Where such criteria are met, a procedure known as 'handover' or 'handoff' is carried out to effect such a switch so that the MS becomes served by the preferred BTS.
Any wireless link is a potential target for interference generated either accidentally or intentionally (e.g. by a hostile activity). The risk of accidental interference may be increased by the coexistence of different systems or devices in the same area sharing the same (or a close) frequency. Moreover, in a cellular communication system, accidental interference can be caused by an inappropriate frequency re-use strategy or by unusual propagation conditions. Accidental interference can however be eliminated by careful planning and design of the system.
Interference by jamming causes a greater problem, since when this occurs all communications on the channel or channels being jammed may become unintelligible noise rather than useful signals. The channels providing the more sensitive communication links, i.e. those which are more attractive to for a would be hostile party to jam, are the downlink channels, particularly the downlink control channel. Every service to MSs provided by the infrastructure is established using information exchange on the downlink channels from the serving BTS. In the event that a downlink control channel is blocked by interference due to jamming, no service can be provided. The risk of jamming of the downlink channels is increased because the transmission by a BTS on its downlink channels, usually on a given carrier frequency, is substantially continuous and therefore can be easily detected and analysed by receiving devices being used in a hostile jamming activity. In contrast, on the uplink channel, there is in general no continuous transmission; transmission is performed by MSs only when a service is being been used or being requested for use by an MS.
EP-A-1304895 describes a known method of detecting interference by jamming to a signal sent by a downlink channel. A polling signal is sent by a BTS to MSs. The MSs automatically send response messages to the BTS if they receive the polling signal. A condition of interference by jamming is deemed to exist if no response messages are received by the BTS, indicating that the MSs did not satisfactorily receive the polling signal.

Mobile communication system and a mobile station, a base transceiver station and a method for use therein


When an imaging device records a moving picture captured as a moving picture file, a representative picture that indicates the content of the moving picture is created and embedded in the moving picture file. If no still picture is captured simultaneously during the moving picture imaging, a frame picture at the beginning of moving picture frames is used as a representative picture. When a still picture is captured simultaneously during the moving picture imaging, the still picture is used as a representative picture of the moving picture. When reproducing recorded pictures, representative pictures of still pictures and representative pictures of moving pictures may be displayed at once on a selection screen that is displayed for image selection purposes. Among the displayed representative pictures, a representative picture of a moving picture during which a still picture was simultaneously captured represents an image of a scene for which the user's interest is higher than other scenes during the moving picture imaging, and is identical to the subsequent representative image of the still picture that was captured simultaneously during the moving picture imaging.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an imaging device and method with function to image still picture during moving picture imaging.
2. Description of the Related Arts
Electronic cameras, such as digital still cameras and digital video cameras, may be provided with a function to image still pictures during moving picture imaging. Also, there is a technology in electronic cameras that automatically extracts as a representative image (hereinafter called "index image") a frame image of a predetermined position (beginning, end, or somewhere in-between) in moving picture or a frame image of a position where a zoom operation took place, and uses the index image to indicate to the user the content of the moving picture imaged.

Imaging device with function to image still picture during moving picture imaging


A solid-state laser apparatus comprises a plurality of solid-state materials each having an active solid-state medium and arranged in a row with a predetermined space on an optical axis of light incident thereon. An optical rotation material and an angle adjusting instrument for adjusting an angle between the optical rotation material and the optical axis of incident light are disposed in at least a space selected from among the plural spaces. The laser apparatus further comprises a laser optical system for extracting a laser beam emitted by the plural solid-state materials.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a solid-state laser apparatus comprising a plurality of solid-state materials each including an active solid-state medium.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Referring now to FIG. 37, it illustrates a side view of a prior art solid-state laser apparatus as disclosed in technical literature such as Solid-State Laser Engineering, Springer-Verlag, pages 119-120. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a reflection mirror, 2 denotes a partial reflection mirror, and 3 denotes a solid-state material including an active solid-state medium. In the case of a YAG laser, Nd:YAG (Nd:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) is a solid-state material doped with Nd as an active solid-state material. Furthermore, reference numeral 4 denotes a pumping light source such as a semiconductor laser including GaAlAs as a major constituent thereof, 5 denotes a power supply which drives the pumping light source 4, 6 denotes a focus lens, 7 denotes a laser beam generated in a laser cavity constructed by the mirrors 1 and 2, 10 denotes an optical coating on the mirror 1 which serves to totally reflect the laser beam 7 and totally transmit incident light from the semiconductor laser 4, 70 denotes a laser beam which is extracted out of the laser cavity by the partial reflection mirror 2, and 100 denotes a base.
Next, the description will be directed to the operation of the prior art laser apparatus. When the power supply 5 by the light source is introduced into an end of the solid-state material 3 by the focus lens 6. Then, the pumping light which enters into the solid-state material 3 excites the active solid-state medium to produce a laser amplifying medium. Spontaneous emission light emitted by the laser amplifying medium travels back and forth within the laser cavity constructed by the mirrors 1 and 2 and is amplified during the travel. Furthermore, the directivity of the laser beam 7 is increased during the travel. When the power of the laser beam reaches a certain value, the laser beam is extracted out of the laser cavity as the laser beam 70.
Thus, such a prior art solid-state laser apparatus having the above-mentioned structure suffers from a problem that it cannot generate a high-power and high-quality laser beam when it is pumped by a high-power pumping light source. It is presumed that birefringence generated within the solid-state material due to thermal deformations causes a reduction in laser beam quality. However, the detailed mechanism to cause such a reduction has been unknown.


A paper sheet separation and transfer apparatus has a take-out roller which takes out stacked paper sheets onto a transfer path, a first separation unit, and a second separation unit. When the front end of a first paper sheet in the transfer direction reaches a nip of the second separation unit, the take-out roller and first feed roller are “decelerated”.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a paper sheet separation and transfer apparatus which separates a plurality of stacked paper sheets such as postal matters, bills and plain-paper copies, one by one, and takes each sheet out onto a transfer path.
2. Description of the Related Art
As a conventional paper sheet separation and transfer apparatus, a separation and transfer apparatus having a separation unit to prevent overlapped paper sheet feeding has been known. (For example, refer to Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2003-81463.) This separation and transfer apparatus has a take-out roller which rotates and contacts a paper sheet at one end of a stack, and takes it out onto a transfer path, and a transfer path which transfers the taken-out paper sheet. On the transfer path of the downstream side of the take-out roller, a separation unit and a transfer unit are arranged close to each other along the paper sheet take-out direction.
The separation unit has a feed roller which contacts the paper sheet taken out onto the transfer path on the same side as the take-out roller and rotates forward, and a separation roller which is located opposite to the feed roller through the transfer path and separates second and subsequent paper sheets taken out together with the first sheet by giving them a reverse force (a tangential force).
The transfer unit has a drive roller which accepts the transfer direction end of a paper sheet passed through a nip between the feed roller and separation roller, and rotates forward, thereby pulling out the paper sheet from the nip of the separation unit and feeding it, and a pinch roller which is arranged opposite to the drive roller through the transfer path.
In the separation and transfer apparatus with the above structure, when stacked paper sheets are taken out onto the transfer path, the take-out roller is rotated first, and a paper sheet at one end of a stack is taken out onto the transfer path. In this case, by the friction between paper sheets, second and subsequent paper sheets may be taken out together with the first paper sheet. The taken-out second and subsequent paper sheets are separated by the separation unit, and transferred to a processing unit in a later stage through the transfer path.
The separation unit feeds forward the preceding first paper sheet by the feed roller, and rotates the separation roller in the reverse direction contacting the second and subsequent sheets overlapped with the first sheet, and separates these second and subsequent paper sheets by pushing them in the reverse direction.
However, in the above conventional unit, if the take-out roller takes out two paper sheets with different size and thickness, overlapped paper sheets may not by completely separated by one separation unit.

Paper sheet separation and transfer apparatus


A fastener assembly with a raised portion holding a nail at an oblique angle for attaching a pipe to a substrate. A curved portion is attached to a substantially planar portion having a raised portion with a hole therein. The hole is eccentrically formed within the raised portion such that when a nail is held perpendicular to a substrate, the substantially planar portion is raised off of the substantially planar substrate. The curved portion is formed to compliment the outer circumference of a pipe. When driven by a power actuated gun, the substantially planar portion is driven downward in contact with the substrate, forcing the curved portion to snugly retain the pipe. The fastener assembly securely holds a pipe and is used in many different construction applications where pipes, conduits, wires or other like devices must be securely held.

There are many different types of fastener assemblies for use with a power actuated gun that contain a bracket or plate in combination with a nail or stud. These fastener assemblies are used for a variety of purposes, such as attaching various substrates or for making different connections to other various construction materials including cabling, support structures, and pipes, among others. One such fastener assembly is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,736,923 entitled "Fastener Assembly" and issuing to Losada on Apr. 12, 1988, which is herein incorporated by reference. Therein disclosed is a fastener assembly having a leg portion that is angularly offset and a nail for driving into a support structure with a power actuated gun. Another fastener assembly is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,634,756 entitled "Fastener Assembly For Use With Power Actuated Gun" issuing to Losada on Jun. 3, 1997, which is herein incorporated by reference. Therein disclosed is a fastener assembly for use with a power actuated gun that has a relatively broad bearing surface and raised portions of different configurations for holding a stud or nail. This fastener assembly is used to drive a fastener for holding a structure being fastened into a hard substrate, such as masonry. There are other types of fasteners for use with a power actuated gun used in different applications. One common application is to fasten a cylindrical pipe to a hard substrate. This type of fastener typically has a curved portion and a planar portion with a nail extending from the planar portion perpendicular thereto. While these fasteners, which are used to attach pipe, are relatively simple and have performed fairly well, they are not without problems. Often, these fasteners do not hold round pipe as securely as desired. In many applications, the pipe tends to fit rather loosely in the curved bracket of the fastener assembly after the nail is driven. Due to the different types of substrate and the high force in which the nail of a power actuated fastener is driven, the nail of the fastener is often driven into a substrate with such force that the distal end of the curved portion is caused to raise above the substrate surface. This results in the pipe not being securely held or fastened. This is undesirable in that the pipe fits loosely within the fastener assembly. This has the undesirable effect of creating noise due to vibration or rattling. Also, the fastener may eventually fail, causing the pipe to break free. Accordingly, there is a need for an improved fastener assembly for use in attaching pipe securely to a substrate.


An electrostatic precipitating apparatus for a cooling tower is provided. The precipitating apparatus include an electrostatic precipitator including a plurality of discharge electrodes to which a voltage is applied and a plurality of electrostatic precipitating electrodes each disposed between the discharge electrodes and grounded, a washing water supply spraying the washing water to the electrostatic precipitator, and a frame assembly supporting the electrostatic precipitator. The electrostatic precipitator includes a first setting beam having a plurality of lower slots into which the discharge electrodes are fixedly inserted, and the frame assembly includes a lower frame extending in a stacking direction of the discharge electrodes to support the first setting beam, via which a voltage is applied to the discharge electrode.

Generally, industrial heat exchangers in air conditioning units, refrigeration equipment, etc., produce waste heat, which can be discharged to the atmosphere, via a cooling tower, using a cooling medium in order to improve heat exchange efficiency. The cooling method of a cooling tower is divided into air-cooled cooling that performs convection cooling by forced convection of atmospheric air having a lower temperature than the fluid to be cooled, and evaporative cooling that uses the latent heat of evaporation by contact of cooling water and air. Among them, cooling towers having an evaporative cooling system are widely used because they provide greater cooling performance and economical advantage than any other cooling system.
Conventional cooling towers can be categorized into two types: a counterflow type cooling tower in which air flows vertically upward and coolant flows vertically downward; and a cross flow type cooling tower in which air flows substantially horizontally and the cooling water flows vertically downward. A flowing method of cooling water is divided into an open type in which evaporative heat exchange is carried out by allowing cooling water and air to flow through an exposed filler, and a closed-type in which evaporative heat exchange is carried out by allowing cooling water and air to come into contact with the surface of a closed cooling coil through which cooling fluid (e.g., cooling water and coolant) flows.
These cooling towers emit saturated humid air, which causes a problem of generating white (colored) smoke. Such white smoke is produced when hot saturated humid air discharged from the cooling tower collides with the relatively cold external air, so as to be cooled below the dew point to form supersaturated water vapor. The formation of white smoke occurs mainly in cold weather in which the warm discharge air is mixed with the air in the cold atmosphere. Although the white smoke is pure water vapor and is not an air pollutant, if a cooling tower is located in or near a residential area, people may mistake such white smoke as industrial pollution and file civil complaints. Furthermore, this white smoke may disrupt the appearance of the streets, may cause condensation to form on windows of nearby structures during the winter season, and may cause moisture to accumulate on roads near or adjacent to the cooling tower.
Also, since conventional cooling towers discharge the used air without purification, it is necessary to develop some technology capable of removing possible debris or fine dust from the water vapor output from the cooling tower.

Electrostatic precipitating apparatus and cooling tower having same


An insulator adapted to receive a flag terminal. The insulator has a housing and a rear cover. The housing has an L shape with a base and a riser. The housing has a rectangular terminal opening at the base and a cavity that receives the flag terminal through the terminal opening. The flat is shaped to fit within the terminal opening and is secured by a securing mechanism that includes tabs on the cover that fit into apertures in the housing. The cover is installed by pushing it into the terminal opening. The housing flexes so that the tabs to snap into the corresponding apertures, thereby securing the cover in the terminal opening.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to electrical connectors, more particularly, to insulators for flag terminals.
2. Description of the Related Art
Quick-connect terminal connectors are female terminals that mate with male tab terminals, tab adapters, and tab terminal blocks. They are used where quick attachment and removability are desired. Flag terminals have the quick attachment at a right angle to the electrical wire to which the terminal is attached. They are available with open or closed barrel crimps (indentor, confined, or a combination of the two), B (single) crimps, or F (double) crimps.
Flag terminals are available fully insulated, partially insulated, or non-insulated. Fully insulated terminals have a flexible insulator surrounding the terminal. The insulator deforms in order to crimp the terminal onto the wire. Partially insulated terminals can also come with a flexible insulator but the insulator does not cover the entire terminal. With other partially insulated terminals, the terminal is inserted into the insulator after the wire is attached. The resulting terminal/insulator assembly leaves the terminal exposed through the opening through which the terminal is inserted. Recently proposed standards for consumer appliances, such as dishwashers, will require that flag terminals be fully insulated to avoid accidental contact with exposed terminals.


An electroluminescent (EL) device and a display device are disclosed. The OLED device comprises a base substrate; a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array are disposed on the base substrate; each pixel unit comprises sub-pixel units provided with EL structures; the EL structures each comprise a transparent anode, an emission layer (EML) and a transparent cathode disposed on the base substrate in sequence; the EL structure of each sub-pixel unit is divided into a transmissive area and a reflective area; and the reflective area of the EL structure is provided with a reflective layer. The EL device can achieve transparent display with the transmissive area of each sub-pixel unit, and meanwhile, the transmissive area for achieving transparent display can also realize normal display.

Transparent display of display devices is the technical direction having received much concern in the display field in recent years. Both thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT-LCD) device and active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) device can be used to realize transparent display, and the AMOLED device has better display effect and is the main research direction of transparent display technology.
At present, the transparent display of an AMOLED device is achieved with the aid of blank windows. A transparent window is disposed within each pixel unit or a plurality of pixel units of the AMOLED device; no organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is disposed in the transparent window, or an OLED is disposed in the transparent window but the OLED in the transparent window is not driven; and hence the transparent display can be achieved.
In a traditional solution of an AMOLED device for achieving transparent display, transparent window areas in the AMOLED device cannot be utilized and can only be used as transmissive areas.

Electroluminescent (EL) device and display device


A scissor-action carrier for suspending a sign or other display from an overhead inverted “U” shaped channel support track. The scissor-action carrier comprises an elongated first arm and an elongated second arm pivotally connected to one another at a pivot axis. A rotatable wheel is attached to an upper end of each elongated arm. Wherein the wheels are individually insertable into and removable from the “U” shaped channel. A connector means is arranged at a lower end of each arm to permit support of a sign or other display therefrom when the carrier is inserted within the support track and the connector means of each arm are in respective alignment with one another, wherein the arms are prevented from rotating freely and the wheels are kept inside of the support track when the carrier is supporting a sign or other display.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to overhead support mechanisms and more particularly to readily movable, articulatable linkages which are engagable into and from an overhead support channel from which a sign or other display may be hung.
2. Prior Art
The ability to support a display panel from an overhead track and to be able to change that display panel location easily is very commercially desirable. The prior art is replete with examples of overhead supports and associated linkages. One such example is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,708,939 to Walker. A wheeled carrier is inserted into an open end of a channel in an elongated track. A hook or chain extending from the wheeled carrier is utilized to support a display panel of there beneath. Unfortunately this carrier arrangement is not installable in that track except from an open end thereof.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a carrier arrangement which may be inserted into the channel of an overhead track at any location there along.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a carrier arrangement which may be readily removed from that channel of an overhead track at any location there along.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a carrier arrangement which may be prevented from removal from a channel of an overhead track when used for support of a sign or other display.


A torque transmitting assembly including a first drum having a plurality of teeth formed at an end thereof and a sensor component annularly extending on an inner surface of the first drum. A gear assembly axially aligns with the first drum and has a plurality of teeth intermeshing with the plurality of teeth of the drum. The gear assembly includes an annular gear and a plate axially aligning with the gear.

In automatic transmission systems, torque is transmitted from component to component within the transmission by a torque transmitting assembly. Frequently, torque transmitting assemblies are of complex design, permitting them to serve several functions and reduce the number of components in the transmission system. In such a case, the materials from which the torque transmitting assembly is made is usually selected to accommodate the greatest stresses applied to this complex torque transmitting assembly. A large portion of the torque transmitting assembly is typically stronger and heavier than is really necessary for the application.
In order to reduce weight, aluminum is used in place of steel where possible. Aluminum is not an appropriate material for such components as annulus gears, but it can be used for drive shells or drums which transmit the torque between annulus gears and other supporting or torque-controlling structures within the transmission. The drums are can be formed from a flow forming process. An example of such an assembly and method of forming is shown and described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,021,171 and 7,328,492, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
However, this is a continual need to minimize a weight, a cost, and complexity of the torque transmitting assemblies. Additionally, it is desired to maximize a rigidity and an efficiency of the torque transmitting assembly with enhanced interlocking and coupling of the components.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A vehicular headlamp which provides a high beam of good visibility. The inventive vehicular headlamp includes first and second headlamp main bodies, and at least a light source and a reflector for reflecting the light of the light source forwardly. The second headlamp main body includes an integrated light projection unit which is composed of a reflector formed in a substantially ellipsoidal shape, a light source disposed at a first focal point of the reflector, a projection lens disposed in front of the light source for projecting and distributing forwardly light reflected from the reflector, and a shade disposed at the focal point of the projection lens for forming the low beam. The second headlamp main body forms the low beam and cooperates with the first headlamp main body in forming the high beam. The headlamp is characterized in that a shade for reducing the amount of light emitted is disposed at a position offset rearward and forward from the focal position of the projection lens with respect to the optical axis of the light projection unit and on the opposite side to the low beam forming shade with the optical axis therebetween.

The present invention relates to a vehicular headlamp including a light projection unit which employs a projection lens to project and direct light produced by a light source and reflected by a substantially ellipsoidal reflector to thereby form a low beam. More particularly, the invention relates to a vehicular headlamp in which a second headlamp main body consisting of the light projection unit forms a low beam from a single beam of the light projection unit and the beam of the first headlamp main body is combined with the beam of the second headlamp main body to thereby form a high beam.
In FIG. 15 there is shown a conventional headlamp of the above-mentioned type in which a parabolic reflector unit a forming a first headlamp main body, a light projection unit b forming a second headlamp, and a side lamp unit c are mounted together between a lamp body 1 and a front lens 2. According to this structure, a low beam (indicated by P1 in FIG. 16) is formed by only the light projection unit b, while a high beam (which includes the areas of P.sub.1 and P.sub.2 in FIG. 16) is formed by light reflected from the parabolic reflector unit a and the light projection unit b.
The light projection unit b is of an integral structure in which a light source 4 is disposed at a first focal point of a substantially ellipsoidal reflector 3, a projection lens 6 is disposed in front of the reflector 3, and a shade 5 is disposed at a focal point of the projection lens 3 for intercepting a part of the light produced by the source 4 to thereby form a low beam. These components are integrated into one unit.
The light projection unit b is able to provide a larger quantity of light and is more compact in size than the headlamp main body a of a parabolic reflector unit type which reflects the light of a light source 7 with a parabolic reflector 8 and distributes and controls the light using light distribution and control steps 2a formed on the front lens 2. For this reason, light projection units have been recently used more frequently.
In FIG. 16, reference numeral 9 designates an extension reflector which intercepts light to thereby prevent the light from leaking from respective areas, that is, a headlamp area and a side lamp area, and covers gaps in the periphery of the first and second headlamp main bodies a and b to thereby make the whole interior of the lap body have a mirrored appearance when viewed from the outside to thus make it look more attractive.
However, in the conventional headlamp, the near portion (the area close to the vehicle) of the high beam, which is produced by combining together the beams of the parabolic reflector unit a and light projection unit b, generally receives a disproportionately great share of the total light output so that distant areas (areas shown by oblique lines in FIG. 16) of the high beam are relatively darker, thereby impairing the illuminating pattern of the headlamp.


A computer controlled cup forming machine is provided. The computer controlled cup forming machine has a main motor, a main controller, and a plurality of workstations having individual motors electrically connected to the main motor and the main controller. The main controller develops electrical signals of a drive or motion profile that are sent to the individual motors, and the main motor sends additional electrical signals to the individual motors to initiate the drive profiles at the individual motors. The main controller also has an input station to quantitatively control each of the individual motors.

Cup forming machines are well known in the art. Such machines are generally used to convert a substrate into a formed cup having a sidewall and a bottom. While such cup forming machines according to the prior art provide a number of advantageous features, they nevertheless have certain limitations. The present invention seeks to overcome certain of these limitations and other drawbacks of the prior art, and to provide new features not heretofore available. A full discussion of the features and advantages of the present invention is deferred to the following detailed description, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.


A nape and scalp stimulator for use in simultaneously massaging both sides of the nape of the human neck is disclosed. The stimulator includes: an elongated body having a top and a bottom surface as well as a peripheral rim extending between said surfaces, a plurality of narrow teeth integral with the body and depending from its bottom surface. Two rotatable T-shaped handles for retaining the stimulator within the hands of the user are joined to the stimulator body and extend from the top surface thereof. In an alternative embodiment of the stimulator, a hinge is provided within the elongated body thereby permitting adjacent stimulator elements to pivot relative to one another.

Home remedies for the treatment of male pate baldness have been used for years. Generations of men attempting to retain their hair, and a youthful appearance as dictated by the fashion of the day, have tried numerous techniques to hinder or reverse natural hair loss. Lotions, elixirs, tonics and the like have been applied to the scalps of thousands. Strict dietary and exercise regimens have been undertaken by others. Special scalp massaging techniques and massaging tools have also been utilized. Little success, however, has been achieved in hindering or reversing the loss of hair from a gentleman's head.


A database system includes a rescheduler that performs rescheduling of transactions in a scheduling queue based on one or more criteria. One criterion is whether a first transaction in the queue can be performed as a synchronized scan of a table with a second transaction that is currently executing. This enables the first and second transactions to share a segment of a buffer storage pool.

A relational database is a collection of logically related data that includes tables (or relations) made up of rows (or tuples) and columns (or attributes). Each row represents an occurrence of an entity defined by a table, with an entity being a person, place, or thing about which the table contains information. To extract data from, or to update, a relational table, queries according to a standard database query language (e.g., Structured Query Language or SQL) are used.
Certain queries call for full-table scans to be performed, which are expensive in terms of resources consumed, especially if the scans are of large tables. A full-table scan refers to reading in sequence all rows of a table. Some database systems, such as those in which a data warehouse is implemented, store very large tables (with millions or even billions of rows). As ad hoc querying of data warehouses is becoming more common, concurrent full-table scans in a database system frequently occur. A large number of full table scans will consume a large portion of the disk I/O capacity in the database system and significantly decrease the amount of disk I/O capacity available to other transactions. To improve performance of concurrent full-table scans, a synchronized scan technique is used, in which two or more transactions that are scanning the same table are grouped together so that disk I/O activities can be shared between them. This reduces the cumulative number of I/O accesses required by the table scans while additionally saving CPU (central processing unit) cycles that would otherwise have been required to process the extra I/O accesses.
When multiple transactions are received in a database system, they are temporarily stored in a scheduling queue. As system resources become available, the transactions in the queue are executed. One such system resource is a buffer pool, which is a cache maintained in system memory for temporarily storing data retrieved from a table. The buffer pool is usually divided into multiple buffer segments, with one buffer pool segment allocated per transaction. As a database system becomes more fully loaded, the buffer pool becomes filled such that no new transactions are admitted for execution. With a conventional buffer management algorithm, after all buffer pool segments (or a large percentage of buffer pool segments) in the buffer pool are committed, no new transactions are allowed to enter the database system for execution. Conventional buffer management algorithms do not take advantage of the synchronized scan technique in admitting new transactions when a buffer pool becomes filled. For example, after all the buffer pool segments are used up, even if some transaction T1 is currently doing a table scan on relation R, a new transaction T2 scanning the same relation R is not allowed to enter the system to join transaction T1.


The portable ventilator of the present invention provides a hands-free ventilatory support device in critical care, emergency, and resource-limited environments. The portable ventilator utilizes ambient air and includes a two dual head compressor system to provide a consistent air supply to the patient. The ventilator device is battery operated and is capable of providing up to 60 minutes of care. In a preferred embodiment, the portable ventilator of the present invention also includes a pneumatic subsystem, a control subsystem, a power subsystem and an alarm subsystem. The portable ventilator of the preferred embodiment includes a dual head and single head compressor system that operates alternatively, to provide a consistent and continuous inhalation and exhalation cycle. A portable ventilator of a second preferred embodiment includes a sole dual-head compressor that operates to provide a consistent and continuous inhalation and exhalation cycle.

Immediate medical care can save the lives of countless accident victims and military personnel. In the emergency medical services arena, there has long been an emphasis on the golden hour during which a patient must receive definitive medical attention. However, definitive medical attention is often limited, because of the lack of necessary equipment. While state of the art medical equipment can be found in medical facilities, such is not the case in emergency situations or military applications. This is particularly true in the area of ventilators.
Inspiration-only ventilators are known and widely used in hospital settings as they provide useful breathing circuits while minimizing the amount of oxygen utilized in treating the patient.
Current ventilators are generally designed for stationary, medical facilities. They are heavy, cumbersome and ill suited for portable applications. Most ventilators utilize medical grade air or highly flammable, compressed canisters of oxygen for its oxygen sources. These tanks air/oxygen are heavy, cumbersome, and unsuitable for transport. Prior-art ventilators also require large power sources, making them even less suitable for quick, on-site use. Lastly, most known ventilators require operation by trained personnel in treatment environments, where additional equipment and resources are easily available.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,664,563 to Schroeder et al disclose a computer controlled pneumatic ventilator system that includes a double venturi drive and a disposable breathing circuit. The double venturi drive provides quicker completion of the exhalation phase leading to an overall improved breathing circuit. The disposable breathing circuit allows the ventilator to be utilized by multiple patients without risk of contamination. This device utilizes canistered oxygen sources. This device also would be rendered inoperable under the conditions anticipated by the present invention.
Therefore, there is a need for portable ventilators that overcome the disadvantages of the existing stationary ventilators.
The following portable ventilators address some of the needs discussed above. U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,152,135, 5,881,722 and 5,868,133 to DeVries et al. discloses a portable ventilator device that utilizes ambient air through a filter and a compressor system. The compressor operates continuously to provide air only during inspiration. The DeVries et al devices are utilized in hospital settings and are intended to provide a patient with mobility when using the ventilator. Since these devices are not directed to on-site emergency use, they provide closed loop control, sophisticated valve systems and circuitry that would render them inoperable under the types of emergency conditions anticipated by the present invention.
The references cited above recognize the need for portable ventilators that provide a consistent breathing circuit. As is the case with most portable ventilators, these devices provide breathing circuits including valve systems and an oxygen source. However, these devices lack the means by which they can be quickly facilitated in emergency situations where there are no stationary sources of power. Secondly, most of these devices depend on canister-style oxygen sources, which are cumbersome, and lessen the ability of the ventilators to be truly portable. Thirdly, the prior art ventilators do not provide breathing circuits that can be continuously used in the absence of stationary power sources. These and other drawbacks are overcome by the present invention as will be discussed, below.


A cleaning apparatus for cleaning measuring probes (18) of a gas turbine engine (1). The invention further relates to a method for cleaning measuring probes (18) of an gas turbine engine (1). The apparatus comprises distribution means (30) comprising a plurality of supply means (31, 32, 33), each comprising connection means (33) arranged for connection to a probe (18), and each supply means (31, 32, 33) being arranged to, when connected to a probe (18), distribute pressurized cleaning liquid to said measuring probe (18), wherein a substantially simultaneous cleaning of probes connected to said distribution means (30) via said supply means (31, 32, 33) can be obtained.

A gas turbine aircraft engine comprises of a compressor compressing ambient air, a combustor burning fuel together with the compressed air and a turbine for powering the compressor. The expanding combustion gases drive the turbine and also result in thrust for propelling the aircraft.
A gas turbine aircraft engine is equipped with various sensors for measuring the performance of the engine. One of many parameters measured is the engine pressure ratio (EPR). The EPR is a widely used parameter used for engine thrust settling. EPR is derived from gas pressure sensors installed in the engines gas path. One typical installation of EPR sensors is immediately downstream of the last stage of the turbine. In this position, the sensors are exposed to the exhaust gases of the engine. Exhaust gases comprises air and combustion products. Specifically, the exhaust gases contain particles in form of un-combusted fuel and combustion products such as coke and ash. Further the exhaust gases contain air foreign particles. Small particles have the ability to find their way into cavities of objects in the gas path such as the air passage of the probe for pressure measurement used in EPR estimates. Particles entering the probe may partially block the air passage and thereby restrict the air flow. Particles entering the probe may totally block the passage to the sensors. A partially blocked or totally blocked passage results in a false pressure indication or no pressure indication at all. To restore the probe to prime working condition, the aircraft maintenance procedure calls for dismantling the probe from the engine and have it cleaned or replaced with a replacement probe. This is a time consuming and costly operation due to the fact that there are multiple of these probes on each engine and in case of improper instrument reading all probes will have to be removed and cleaned.
In actual aircraft installations there are multiple probes. Each one is connected via a conduit to a manifold which in turn is connected to a pressure sensing device. The pressure sensing device generates a signal to a pressure ratio transmitter which in turn delivers a signal to the EPR instrument. The use of multiple probes allows for one or a portion of the probes being blocked without giving a false EPR reading. However, when instable EPR instrument readings are observed it is often an indication that probes are blocked.
According to aircraft maintenance routines a blocked probe is put into service again by a replacement probe or by cleaning the blocked probe. Cleaning may be the preferred action for reason of saving costs as the same probe is used again. Cleaning is conducted by dismantling the probe from the engine and cleaning according to a cleaning procedure.
Consequently, there is a great need of a method and an apparatus that provides for an efficient, both in terms of cleaning efficiency and time consumption, and cost-saving cleaning of a set of measuring probes of a gas turbine engine of an aircraft.

Pratt & Whitney Line Maintenance Services, Inc.


Disclosed are thienopyrimidinone derivatives as antagonists that act on metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1. The thienopyrimidinone derivatives show pharmacological activity against metabotropic glutamate receptor-related diseases, including pain, such as neuropathic pain and migraine, psychiatric diseases, such as anxiety disorder and schizophrenia, urinary incontinence, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Also disclosed are methods for preparing the thienopyrimidinone derivatives, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the thienopyrimidinone derivatives as active ingredients.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to thienopyrimidinone derivatives as antagonists that act on metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 to show pharmacological activity against metabotropic glutamate receptor-related diseases, including pain, such as neuropathic pain and migraine, psychiatric diseases, such as anxiety disorder and schizophrenia, urinary incontinence, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The present invention also relates to methods for preparing the compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds as active ingredients.
2. Description of the Related Art
Glutamate is an important excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Synaptic stimulation of glutamate is transmitted through the activities of two receptor types: ionotropic glutamate receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors. The former receptors are ligand-gated cation channels, and the latter receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Metabotropic glutamate receptors are divided into three groups on the basis of their structural similarity, pharmacology, and signaling mechanisms. The three groups are further subdivided into a total of eight subtypes according to their splicing variants. The group I receptors are divided into mGluR1 and mGluR5. The subtypes mGluR1 and mGluR5 activate phospholipase C (PLC) via a Gq/11 protein, resulting in release of calcium via phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis. The group II receptors (mGluR2 and mGluR3) and the group III receptors (mGluR4, mGluR5, mGluR6, and mGluR7) are negatively coupled to adenyl cyclase (AC) via a Gi/o protein, inhibiting cAMP formation.
Approximately 70 million Americans suffer from pain. The annual medical expenses for pain treatment and related social costs in the United States are estimated to be 100 billion dollars. Neuropathic pain has numerous etiologies and causes complex and chronic pain conditions. A total of about 18 million Americans, including about 4 million Americans suffering from diabetic pain, are afflicted with neuropathic pain. Various neurological diseases including pain, psychiatric diseases and neuritic diseases are associated with glutamate release. mGluR1, a glutamate receptor, is present on the primary afferent nerve terminals and is abundantly distributed in the pain process-related nervous tissues of the CNS. Thus, mGluR1 is reported to be closely associated with the treatment of pain [Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1989, 29, 365; Trends Neurosci. 2011, 24, 550; Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 2002, 6, 349; Neuron 1992, 9, 259].
Various experiment results have revealed that mGluR1 antagonism relieves neuropathic pain. It was reported that the injection of selective mGluR1 antibodies relieves allodynia and hyperalgesia in animal models, and the administration of selective mGluR1 antagonists after administration of Group I mGluR agonists to induce spontaneous pain relieves the pain [Prog. Neurobiol. 1999, 59, 55; Neuro-Report 1996, 7, 2743; J. Neurosci. 2001, 21. 3771].
Many efforts have been made to date to develop mGluR1 antagonists. However, there is still a need for mGluR1 antagonists that are selective for mGluR1, have good pharmacokinetic profiles, have good absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties, and are effective against metabotropic glutamate receptor-related diseases, including pain, such as neuropathic pain and migraine, psychiatric diseases, such as anxiety disorder and schizophrenia, urinary incontinence, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

Thienopyrimidinone derivatives as mGluR1 antagonists

KOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY


An autoadhesive oral transmucosal delivery device contains a pharmaceutically active agent which is delivered via mucosal tissues in the mouth. The device comprises a dry hydrogel polymer which autoadheres to the moist mucosal surface for a time sufficient for release of active agent to occur before becoming detached.

The present invention relates to an autoadhesive oral transmucosal delivery device for delivering a pharmaceutically active agent via mucosal tissues in the mouth. The invention also relates to the use of a hydrogel body in preparation of a medicament for oral transmucosal delivery.
The transmucosal delivery of pharmaceutically active agents to a patient is known. In particular, the buccal region of the mouth in the upper gum and inside cheek region provides a barrier to delivery that is more permeable than the skin itself and tends to be less variable between individuals. The buccal mucosa also has a significantly lower depot effect than skin. The use of steroid mucoadhesive gels for the treatment of mouth ulcers is common, and is now a significant consumer market.
There are also technologies available which rely on the adhesion of a solid sustained delivery device to the mucosal membranes to allow sustained delivery of active agent. Such systems generally comprise an adhesive layer and a delivery matrix including the active agent, typically in the form of a small tablet or patch. In the Cydot (trademark) system the patch is non-degradable and must be removed after use. In the Theratech (trademark) system the tablet dissolves after a number of hours in situ. Advantages of transmucosal delivery are said to include rapid onset of drug delivery, sustained drug delivery levels and rapid decline of drug delivery at the end of the desired treatment time. The transmucosal route also delivers active agent directly into the system and avoids the first-pass through the liver metabolism process which is characteristic of oral delivery. The transmucosal membranes also appear to allow the passage of relatively high molecular weight drugs, including peptides.
Hydrogels are known sustained release delivery vehicles and a typical hydrogel having well documented pharmacological acceptability is disclosed in patent specifications GB2047093 and GB2047094 which describe cross-linked polyurethane materials having the ability to swell and absorb several times their own weight of water. The hydrogel polymer has been used as a pessary to deliver dinoprostone (a prostaglandin) to the cervix to ripen it prior to the induction of labour and is available under the trademarks Propess and Cervidil. The pessary is enclosed in a net pouch and usually remains in place for up to 24 hours.
The use of the hydrogel polymer for localised application for the treatment of maladies of the mouth has been disclosed in passing in the GB patent specifications mentioned above.
The immobilisation of transmucosal delivery devices in the buccal region is clearly desirable in order to prevent the device being accidentally swallowed by the patient. However, mucosal tissues have a high moisture content and it is correspondingly difficult to adhere solid devices to them in an effective manner. Moreover, any suitable adhesive must not only be effective but also pharmacologically acceptable, and the presence of a further component imposes undesirable complexities on the development of a suitable product.
The present invention is based on the surprising discovery of autoadhesive properties of the hydrogel to moist mucosal surfaces, allowing the device to remain in place over a time which is sufficiently extended to allow effective delivery of active agent.
In particular, the present invention provides an autoadhesive oral transmucosal delivery device which comprises:
a body formed of a hydrogel capable of absorbing water to achieve a water-content whereat the device autoadheres to an oral mucosal surface;
the hydrogel body comprising a pharmaceutically active agent which is released while the body is adhered to the mucosal surface.
The term xe2x80x9cautoadhesivexe2x80x9d in the present specification is taken to mean that the device itself adheres to the mucosal tissue by virtue of its own properties and without the need to employ any other adhesive material.
The invention also extends to the use of the hydrogel in an autoadhesive medicament for oral transmucosal delivery of active agent.
The hydrogel body as supplied will usually contain little or no water (e.g. less than 1 or 2 wt %) and will absorb water from the surroundings after administration. It is found that autoadhesion occurs at hydrogel water contents below 50% by weight, particularly less than 45% and especially less than 35% by weight. It is found that there is also generally a lower limit above which autoadhesion occurs of around 25% by weight. Autoadhesion typically requires a water content in the range 35 to 45% by weight. Generally, hydrogel polymer will be chosen such that the water uptake is sufficient to allow the device to firmly adhere to the mucosal membranes in less than 15 minutes (e.g. in 10 to 15 minutes). During this time, the patient may need to hold the device in place using his cheek muscles, and so this period should generally speaking not be longer than 10 to 15 minutes. Thereafter, the device should remain in place until the active agent has been substantially released. Generally, the device should remain adhered whilst it absorbs further water for a period of at least one hour, particularly at least 2 hours and preferably at least 4 hours. A preferred adherence period is in the range 2-3 hours before the device becomes detached. At this point, the patient knows that the treatment is complete and can spit out the spent device.
Generally, the hydrogel is a polyurethane hydrogel of the type disclosed in patent specifications GB2047093 and GB2047094. These patent specifications disclose cross-linked polyurethane hydrogels. Typically, the polyurethane is prepared from a long chain polyethylene glycol (e.g. PEG 2000, 4000, 6000 and 8,000 which has been extensively dried), a triol (for example hexanetriol) as cross-linking agent and a diisocyanate (such as dicyclohexyl isocyanate). The mixture is cured at elevated temperatures in a mould.
Other polymers such as polyhydroxyethylmethacrylates, polyvinylpyrrolidones and celluloses may be used provided they show the required autoadhesion properties.
The delivery device is generally in the form of a conformable unit, which is flexible enough (particularly when swollen) to be accommodated within the buccal cavity in intimate contact with the mucosal membrane. Preferred shapes include sheets, discs, ovals, kidney shapes, strips and cylinders. Generally, the smallest dimension is in the range 5-15 mm and the longest dimension in the range 10-25 mm. Preferred thicknesses are in the range 0.5-5 mm, especially 0.5 to 2.5 mm and particularly 1-2.5 mm.
Generally, the hydrogel is loaded with active agent by soaking the hydrogel in a solution of active agent of required concentration for a time sufficient for absorption to occur, followed by drying the hydrogel down to the required water content. Uptake of active agent may be improved by the use of low molecular weight cosolutes such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium saccharin and benzoic acid.
The objective of the device of the invention is to provide a controlled release of the active agent to the mucosal membrane during its period of adhesion. Preferably, the release rate is substantially constant through this period. The active agent may be absorbed systemically or may exert a local action on adjacent tissue structures.
If necessary, penetration enhancers, as known in the art, may be employed to assist the rate of transmucosal delivery, depending on the nature of the active agent, for example its lipophilic or hydrophilic characteristics, size and molecular weight. Generally, the more lipophilic the compound, the better the absorption. The nonionised form of the active agent appears to be best for absorption. The pH of the buccal tissue mucosa is around 6.8 and both acidic and basic active agents are suitable candidates. In view of the rapid and effective delivery through mucosal tissues, penetration enhancers may not be required. Such penetration enhancers are known from topical application to skin tissue which constitutes a more significant barrier to absorption. Weak acids and some detergents have been used as penetration enhancers.
The release properties of the hydrogel may be modified by applying a coating thereto. Poorly soluble drugs which would not be released satisfactorily from the hydrogel may be included in a coating.
In principal, the device of the present invention is applicable to the delivery of a wide variety of pharmaceutically active agents. Specific classes of active agent include abortifacients, hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilisers, anti-pyretics, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-histamines, anti-tussives, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, anti-tumour agents (for example those for the treatment of malignant neoplasia), local anaesthetics, anti-Parkinson agents, topical or dermatological agents, diuretics (for example those containing potassium, such as potassium iodide), preparations other than those containing prostaglandins for the treatment of mental illness (for example preparations containing lithium for use in the treatment of manic depression), anti-spasmodics, anti-ulcer agents, preparations containing various substances for the treatment of infection by pathogens including anti-fungal agents (for example metronidazole), anti-parasitic agents and other anti-microbials, anti-malarials, cardiovascular agents, preparations containing hormones (for example androgenic, estrogenic and progestational hormones, notably steroids such as oestradiol), sympathomimetic agents, hypoglycaemic agents, contraceptives, nutritional agents, peptides (for example insulin), preparations containing enzymes of various types of activity (for example chymotrypsin), preparations containing analgesics (for example aspirin), and agents with many other types of action including nematocides and other agents of veterinary application. Mixtures of active agents may be incorporated into the hydrogel.
The delivery device is particularly suited to the delivery of apomorphine, fentanyl and local anti-infective agents.
Active agents which require inconvenient intravenous administration due to poor oral bioavailability are particular candidates for delivery via the oral mucosal tissues. This delivery route offers a number of potential advantages:
rapid absorption and onset of action,
bypass of first-pass liver metabolism,
improved bioavailability for certain drugs,
potential to minimise side effects by spitting the device out,
delivery of peptides (which are normally degraded in the gastrointestinal tract),
avoidance of gastric emptying factor effect on the rate and extent of absoption of the active agent,
avoidance of affects associated with the presence of food in the stomach, and
suitability for patients who do not like swallowing tablets or who are incapable of doing so.


For cooking data provided via a communication network, use track records of the cooking data corresponding with their actual use status are accurately managed. When receiving a request for transmission of cooking data from a terminal (S11), a server transmits the cooking data to the terminal (S12, S13), and at this time receives use history data with a microwave oven for previously transmitted cooking data (S14). The server manages use track records of the cooking data based on use history data received from terminals.

The present invention relates to a technology related to services of transmitting information to a plurality of users via a communication network typified by the Internet.
In recent years, with the rapid spread and advances of the Internet, services of transmitting various kinds of information to users have been provided in a variety of forms.
In such services, there has been constructed a system of managing the use frequency of contents transmitted. In this system, the number of times of downloading of contents from a server is counted, and based on the counted number, the status of use of the contents is managed/evaluated.

Actual cooking result management method, content management method, server, and cooking apparatus


The claimed subject matter provide a system for mitigation and/or elimination of scale precipitation base and side wall build up in a maple syrup primary evaporator pan, by reversing the maple sap flow to prevent liquid stagnation.

Maple syrup is made from the sap of maples trees. In cold climate areas, the trees store starch in their roots and trunk before the winter; the starch is then converted to sugar and rises in the sap in the spring. Maple trees can be tapped and the exuded sap collected and concentrated by heating to evaporate the water. The average maple tree will produce about 50 liters of sap per season. To obtain one liter of maple syrup, about 40 liters of sap must be boiled.
Maple syrup consists primarily of sucrose (more than 60% by weight) and water, with small amounts of minerals and other sugars such as fructose and glucose. The mineral content of the maple syrup is mainly potassium and calcium. Scale formation and deposit on the base and side walls of the primary evaporation pan is a recurrent maintenance problem for maple syrup producers. In maple syrup production, the circulating sap tends to remain stationary for some time during the evaporation cycle, thus allowing minerals to precipitate from the sap and adhere to the base and side walls of the pan. Over time, a number of layers of calcium and potassium based scale can aggregate on the base of the evaporation pan, and in particular in the narrow channels formed between adjacent base flues.
Scale build up compromises performance of maple syrup production since operation of the evaporating pan must be stopped regularly for cleaning and removal of the scale. The operator of the evaporator has to change the whole primary evaporator pan or has to drain and wash the same pan every time the scale deposit obstructs the flow. The operator first needs to stop the supply of heat, to let the temperature of the sap lower and to rinse the large evaporator pan. The whole operation can take several hours. Moreover, once a new primary evaporator pan is installed, the thermal resilience of the new sap in the primary evaporator pan needs supplementary energy to increase the temperature in order to meet again the required temperature for boiling. The supplementary consumption of energy means additional cost for the producer and additional polluting emissions for the environment.
Scale build up on the base of the primary evaporator pan may also cause burning of the maple syrup. As soon as the mineral sedimentation starts to caramelize on the base of the evaporator pan, as a result of the heat, the smell and the taste of burnt maple syrup can spread through all the sap that circulates in the evaporator pan. This situation may cause a loss of production or a deterioration of the quality of the product.

Method and apparatus for reducing and removing scale in a maple syrup evaporator


A sealer and inflator composition, particularly for inflating tires. The composition comprises: a sealant; a non-flammable propellant/inflator having an ozone depletion potential of zero; and a vapor pressure depressant which may be either hydrocarbon diethers of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, hydroxyketones of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof.

In Abramowski et al. U.S. Pat. No. 5,124,395, a non-ozone depleaing, non-flammable tire sealer and inflator composition is disclosed using as a propellant/inflator 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, sometimes known by the tradename of HFC 134a. HFC 134a was developed as a replacement product for Freon-type products in formulations such as tire inflator formulations stored in an aerosol can with a valve, where a tire can be inflated by attaching the valve of the can to the valve of a tire, and allowing the pressure in the can to inflate the tire, with the contents sealing the leak in the tire.
Particularly, HFC 134a was developed as a replacement product for chlorofluorocarbon propellant/inflators. It can be seen that HFC 134a is a chlorine-free fluorocarbon. Chlorofluorocarbons such as CFC-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) are undesirable for use because of their capability of attacking the ozone layer of the atmosphere.
Other propellants for tire inflator formulations have been considered such as butane and propane. However, these propellants are flammable and thus can be dangerous when used in tire inflator formulations. Thus, HFC 134a has been widely considered as a potential substitute for these other propellants in a variety of uses including tire inflator formulations, serving as an aerosol propellant and an inflator in desired formulations which do not harm the ozone layer, and which are nonflammable.
Other prior art tire sealant and inflator systems are disclosed in Magyar et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,501,825, which discloses a tire sealant and inflator system which comprises from 20 to 40% of a resin, 20 to 40% of a latex sealant, and 2 to 20% of an alkylene glycol, mixed with a propellant comprising 60% dichlorodifluoromethane and 40% dichlorotetrafluoroethane.
Fang U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,618,912 and 5,705,604 show various tire sealer and inflator compositions using a non-flammable propellant/inflator having an ozone depletion potential of zero (i.e. HFC 134a) and also incorporating a petroleum residual resin sealant, among other ingredients.
As one technical problem, the vapor pressure of HFC 134a at 130 degrees F. is 198-199 psig. This is well above 180 psig limit criteria for aerosol cans of 2Q type under DOT regulations. While the above patents have listed various vapor pressure reducing additives which may be provided to the formulation, the specific additives taught in the prior art are less effective than desired.
In accordance with this invention, vapor pressure reducing additives are provided to sealer and inflator compositions which have increased effectiveness, so that lesser amounts of the additives are required, resulting in a significant cost reduction to formulations making use of the invention of this application.


The present invention provides a magnetic disk drive for recording data on and reproducing recorded data from magnetic disk having a servocontrol data zone in which servocontrol data is stored. The magnetic disk drive includes a magnetic head shifting device for shifting a magnetic head unit radially with respect to the magnetic disk, and a voice coil motor for driving the magnetic head shifting device. A control means controls the voice coil motor so as to decelerate the magnetic head shifting device to a stop when a failure to read servocontrol data occurs a predetermined number of times while the magnetic head shifting device is being driven during a target track seek operation. Thus, a collision of the magnetic head unit against the magnetic disk can be prevented.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a magnetic disk drive and, more particularly, to a magnetic disk drive capable of servo control operation on the basis of servo control data stored previously in a magnetic disk.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A hard disk drive, which is one type of magnetic disk drive, includes a magnetic disk, consisting of a hard, metallic disk (typically referred to as a hard disk) upon which is formed a magnetic recording layer, and a magnetic head for recording information onto reproducing information from the magnetic disk. The magnetic recording layer is divided into a plurality of storage locations which are arranged in number of concentric tracks. Because the tracks are closely spaced in high track density hard disks, servocontrol data is typically provided on the magnetic recording layer to help position the magnetic head over a target track during a seek operation in order to perform recording or reproducing operations on the target track. As shown in FIG. 3, a magnetic disk 1 has a flotation security region 2 formed in a magnetic layer forming area on the surface thereof. The flotation security zone 2 has, in a sequential arrangement from the inner circumference outward, an inner guard band 3, a contact start/stop zone (hereinafter, referred to as "CSS zone") 4 in which no data is recorded and against which a magnetic head is parked when the magnetic disk is not spinning a data zone 5 in which data is recorded, and an outer guard band 6. A 0th track is formed on the outer circumference of the data zone 5 and a 614th track, for instance, is formed on the inner circumference of the data zone 5. The flotation security zone 2 is divided at angular intervals into a plurality of sectors. A servo zone 8 in which servocontrol data is recorded is formed at the leading end of each sector. The magnetic head reads the servocontrol data recorded in the servo zones 8 during a seek operation to position the magnetic head over a predetermined track.
Referring to FIG. 4, each servo zone 8 is divided into two subzones, namely, a leading zone 9 and a trailing zone 10. Servo data 9a is recorded in the leading zone 9, which is on the leading side of trailing zone 10 with respect to the direction of rotation of the magnetic disk indicated by the arrow R in FIG. 3, and servocontrol data 10a is recorded in the trailing zone 10, which is on the trailing side of leading zone 9 with respect to the direction of rotation of the magnetic disk. The servocontrol data 9a and 10a are recorded alternately in the leading zone 9 and the trailing zone 10 respectively on the opposite sides of the center lines 11a of the corresponding recording tracks 11 in a zigzag arrangement. The servocontrol data 9a and 10a are signals of the same frequency. Signals 12 on the leading side of the servocontrol data 9a has a known AGC (automatic gain control) pattern.
Sometimes, this prior art magnetic disk drive fails to read the servocontrol data recorded on the magnetic disk during a seek operation. If the magnetic disk drive fails to read the servocontrol data, a magnetic head shifting device continues to move (shift) a magnetic head unit on the basis of the servocontrol data read in a preceding magnetic head shifting cycle, so that correct servocontrol operation cannot be achieved. If the failure to read the servocontrol data is temporary and attributable to instantaneous noise, and the servocontrol data can be read correctly immediately after the failure, and no significant problem will occur. However, if the failure to read the servocontrol data occurs repeatedly, then servocontrol of the magnetic head unit is impossible, that is, the magnetic head unit is not decelerated properly as the head approaches the desired track, and as a result, the magnetic head unit collides hard against a stopper. This collision causes the magnetic head to be shaken and can cause damage the magnetic disk.


A vehicle including a radiator with improved cooling efficiency is disclosed. The vehicle, such as a motorcycle, comprises an engine 10, a radiator 13b (13c) for cooling of the engine 10, and a baffle device 14 (15) including an outer wall portion 14a (15a) extending toward an outer side 131 (13n) of the radiator 13b (13c) from the front, and an upper wall portion 14b (15b) extending toward an upper portion 13d (13f) of the radiator 13b (13c) from the front and arranged in a manner not to have any substantial gap between it and the upper portion 13d (13f) of the radiator 13b (13c).

Conventionally, there are known motorcycles (vehicles) provided with a radiator (see, for example, Japanese Patent Specification No. 3801254). The Japanese patent specification discloses a cooling device of a motorcycle, which includes a radiator and a radiator shroud (baffle device). With the motorcycle, both left and right side portions of the radiator shroud are constructed to cover left and right sides of the radiator with predetermined clearances or gaps therebetween. Also, an upper portion of the radiator shroud is positioned in a region above the radiator with a predetermined clearance from an upper surface of the radiator. That is, the upper portion of the radiator shroud is arranged in a state, in which a space is defined above the radiator.
With the construction described in Japanese Patent Specification 3801254, however, since the upper portion of the radiator shroud (baffle device) is arranged in a state, in which a space is defined above the radiator, there is a disadvantage that air received from the front by the radiator shroud is liable to pass through the space above the radiator. Therefore, since a portion of the air received from the front by the radiator shroud does not enter a core portion of the radiator, there is caused a problem that it is difficult to improve the cooling efficiency of the radiator.


Foldable electrical vehicles and related charging infrastructure are described. The foldable electrical vehicle generally includes three structural arms (front and rear wheel-bearing arms and a seat-bearing arm) that are pivotally interconnected along their lengths such that they may be pivoted between a closed position wherein the three arms are disposed roughly parallel to each other in a compact folded configuration, and an open riding configuration wherein an angular relation is formed between the arms.

A common difficulty encountered in public transport is in trying to move people from a transportation hub, like a railway station, bus stop, etc. to their desired destination, or from their origination point to a transport hub. These problems are referred to as the 'last mile' or 'first mile' problem, respectively. Where the population of a place is not dense, like in areas where there are extensive suburbs and exurbs, this difficulty can become chronic making public transport impractical. A number of solutions have been proposed to overcome this problem, including community transportation such as feeder transport and ride or car sharing programs, however, these methods require a social infrastructure that is often either not available or not extensive enough to meet commuter needs. Other solutions involve various forms of portable transport, such as bicycles. Most of these personal forms of transportation are relatively bulky and present challenges in storage at both ends of the commute, as well as transport within most public transport systems.
Accordingly, a need exists for personal transport devices and infrastructure capable of addressing the 'last mile'/'first mile' challenge.


Arrangement comprising parts which rub against each other, in which arrangement the contacting surface of the one part comprises a polyketone and the contacting surface of the other part comprises a polymer.

Such arrangement will hereinafter be called a tribological arrangement. Examples of tribological arrangements are sets of gears and bearings. Further examples are belt chains, plane and roller bearings, linear bearings, sleeve bearings, pulleys, sliding plates and other similar devices which have long been used to transmit, communicate, or facilitate motion and power in mechanical devices.
In many cases, metal parts are used in tribological arrangements. Parts having polymeric contacting surfaces form an attractive alternative offering one or more of the following advantages: greater shock and vibration dampening, reduced weight, enhanced corrosion protection, reduced running noise, decreased power and maintenance use, and more freedom of component design. These advantages are especially important in applications such as printers, copying machines and household appliances, such as shaving apparatus and video apparatus. The polymers often used in tribological arrangements are nylon and polyacetal. However, tribological arrangements made of such polymer show less good wear, i.e. the amount of material worn off relative to the force applied to the material. This means that the arrangements have an arc relatively short life time.
It would be desirable if the parts of the arrangement would be amenable to machining or processing. A further requirement is that the material properly holds a tolerance, is able to withstand the torsional stresses of start-up and shut-down, and from cyclical fatigue.
Problems can result in a failure of the tooth from excessive wear which can be compounded by plastic flow or creep due to thermal softening. Additionally, tooth bending fatigue, contact fatigue (pitting and spalling), thermal fatigue, tooth bending impact, tooth shear, tooth shear, tooth clipping, case crushing, torsional shear, and stress ruptures have similar impact. The role of material selection and preparation thus clearly have much to do with the successful design of a motion and power transmission strategy. Low heat resistance, large thermal deformation, large shrinkage upon processing, and mediocre mechanical strength have precluded the use of numerous thermoplastics, thermosets, and resins from serious consideration in demanding applications.
While these considerations clearly apply to the structure and manufacture of gears, it should also be borne in mind that almost any device used to transmit, communicate, or facilitate power and motion necessarily involves similar concerns. For example, cams are generally used to communicate motion and power by means of a connection between an edge (or a groove therein) or surface and a follower. In addition to repetitive/cyclic movement and imposition of force acting on both cam and follower, these mechanisms are often designed to - incorporate large accelerations. Thus, the use of materials which cannot hold a tolerance (e.g., through loss of material) or which are not amenable to precision processing or manufacture can easily result in wildly eccentric motion and, ultimately, failure. It is therefore important to employ materials which can be worked to precision, which function well when placed in communication with each other, and which can withstand repetitive/cyclic movement and impact.
The same can be said of bearings with rolling or sliding contact. The repetitive and cyclic facilitation of motion inevitably raises concerns analogous to those of gears and cams.
Indeed, one skilled in the art will readily appreciate that from a materials perspective, an improvement in a means for transmitting power and motion is generally applicable to all means of power and motion transmission.
Rolling contact and sliding contact are manifested in most power and motion gear applications. Rolling contact predominates in motion and power transmission when such applications are between parallel shafts or between intersecting shafts. When non-parallel and non-inter- secting shafts are employed, sliding contact predominates. Thus, materials useful in power and motion transmission between all shaft set-ups exhibit both good wear and good strength.


A large field of view projection image is obtained and a small field of view projection image is obtained. The two images are normalized, to take into account the difference between the count data between the images, and the way the images represent data. The large field of view image does not include truncation errors that are present in the small field of view image and therefore is stitched together with the smaller field of view image to use the improved data within the small field of view image with the truncation reduction enabled by the larger field of view image.

Small field-of-view imaging may be used to image small objects and/or an organ-of-interests within larger objects. When used to image an organ of interest, the data in the regions of the image other than the organ of interest regions can be truncated. This operation can introduce truncation artifacts into the images. These truncation artifacts are caused by parts of the object and/or the image being truncated on some of the projection images.
Artifacts may result during the reconstruction of the projection images into a three-dimensional tomography image, since these parts of the object are in some projection images, but not others. This can in turn limit the quantitative accuracy of the image of the organ of interest.
In cardiac SPECT, using small field of view systems has certain advantages over using large field of view systems. Imaging using small field of view systems may truncate the organ-of-interest (the patient's heart in cardiac SPECT), and also may truncate other regions. This truncation can introduce a truncation artifact into the image set, and can also limit the quantitative accuracy of the images.
For example, if the emission field of view is too small, even though one can use a truncation-free attenuation map for attenuation correction, often one cannot get quantitatively accurate attenuation corrected images of the heart.
Techniques have been proposed to reduce the truncation artifacts. One technique suggests modifying the back projection. This may be used in iterative reconstruction algorithms. In this technique, regions of the image corresponding to the truncation in the projection data are not updated for that particular angle.
A complex conjugate concept can be used with the assumption of the body symmetry for truncation compensation in transmission scans.
Data completion techniques can be used to estimate the data in the truncated regions.
These truncation compensation techniques may improve the quantitative accuracy of the images themselves as compared to the images without truncation compensation.
However, when the field of view is very small, none of these techniques may be effective.
For example, for SPECT imaging, the organ of interest may be the heart. The heart often cannot be imaged accurately using very small fields of views, such as 15.0 cm, using the prior art techniques.

Using large field-of-view data to improve small field-of-view imaging


The present invention relates to optical communication equipment and a vehicle control method, and in particular, the present invention is applied to a system utilizing inter-vehicle communication equipment via optical communication to notify information of traffic regulation utilizing optical communication according to an inter-vehicle communication system so that traveling of a vehicle can be controlled easily and reliably even in such a complicated place where a plurality of roads intersect as in urban cities or the like.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to optical communication equipment and a vehicle control method, and in particular, it relates to a system utilizing inter-vehicle communication equipment via optical communication. By arranging to notify information of traffic regulations utilizing optical communication according to the inter-vehicle communication system, it is enabled by the present invention to control traveling of a vehicle easily and reliably even in such a complicated place where a plurality of roads intersect as in urban cities or the like.
2. Description of Related Art
Conventionally, as a method for improving safe driving of a vehicle, for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication (KOKAI) Nos. 2001-167384 and Hei 9-50595, etc. have proposed methods to control traveling speed and so on in accordance with data transmission by radio from equipment installed in a road sign or the like. According to these methods, because the traveling of a vehicle ignoring a traffic regulation can be prevented, it is considered that traffic safety is improved accordingly.
According to these methods, however, there are such problems that because dedicated facilities must be installed along the road and installed in a vehicle, its system inevitably becomes large-scaled. Further, because it depends on data transmission by radio, even if a frequency band having strong directivity is employed, it is difficult to control the traveling of only a specific vehicle traveling in a specific area, thereby it is not applicable to a place where a plurality of roads intersect in complication such as in urban cities or the like.
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication (KOKAI) No. 2001-167384
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication (KOKAI) No. Hei 9-50595

Optical communication equipment and vehicle control method


The present invention offers a safe and effective drug for heart diseases and a safe and effective method for treating heart diseases such as ischemic heart disease and cardiac arrhythmia. The method comprises administering a pathologically effective amount of a benzopyran derivative expressed by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkyl group having at least one hydroxyl group, an alkenyl group, an acyl group or a glycosyl group; or physiologically acceptable salts thereof.

1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to drugs and methods for treating heart disease using benzopyran derivatives and salts thereof.
2. Background Art
The present inventors have previously reported on the anti-allergy effect of benzopyran derivatives in International Patent Publication No. WO 92/13852, Japanese Patent Application, First Publication No. Hei 8-198890 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,428,059, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Compounds corresponding to the benzopyran derivatives of the present invention have been described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,845,121 and Donald T. Witiak, J. Med. Chem., vol. 31, p. 1437-1445, 1988. However, these benzopyran derivatives and physiologically acceptable salts thereof have conventionally not been known to be effective in treating heart disease.
Additionally, benzopyran derivatives wherein the 7-position substituent group is an alkyl group having at least one hydroxyl group and physiologically acceptable salts thereof are compounds which the present inventors have newly synthesized as a result of synthesizing numerous types of benzopyran derivatives and analyzing them for the purposes of offering an effective method of treating heart disease, and their pharmacological effects have been conventionally unknown.
Although numerous pharmaceuticals for treating ischemic heart disease and arrhythmia have been available on the market, they are prone to having severe side effects, especially the medications for treating arrhythmia for which the difference between an effective dose and a toxic dose is small, thus making their therapeutic use difficult.

Benzopyran derivative and method for treating heart disease using this derivative


The present invention is configured so that one light emission source such as a light emitting diode is placed inside an operation knob in front of a light guiding piece or in a bearing of the operation knob. A light beam from the light emission source is emitted to the interior of the operation knob. A reflected indirect light irregularly reflected inside the operation knob is received by the light guiding piece located at a rear surface of the operation knob. The light guiding piece has a transmission and diffusion function. The light is then guided toward an outer periphery to illuminate the rear surface of the operation knob.

FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view of a conventional light ring apparatus (JP281586 B). FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along a line A-A in FIG. 11. FIG. 13 is a schematic front view showing a base of the conventional light ring apparatus and light emitting diodes installed on the base.
As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the light ring apparatus 30 is cylindrical and has nine chambers 31 formed at equal intervals and which are partitioned by three inclined triangular surfaces 31A. A vertex 32 of the triangular surfaces 31A of each chamber 31 is located at the outermost position of the central triangular surface 31A and at the outermost peripheral position of interior of the light ring apparatus 30. A tip portion of each light emitting diode 33 is placed substantially opposite the vertex 32 of the triangular surfaces. As shown in FIG. 12, if the triangular surfaces 31A are viewed from behind, ridge portions 34 and valley portions 35 all extending linearly are formed at equal intervals. Each chamber 31 functions as a light receiving surface that receives light from the corresponding light emitting diode 33. The chamber 31 sufficiently diffuses the light from the light emitting diode 33 and guides it to an upper portion 36 of the light ring apparatus 30. Then, the light guided into the upper portion 36 is introduced into a ring portion 37 and is viewed by a user.
Such an illumination apparatus requires two or more light emission sources in order to allow the ring portion 37 to emit light evenly. Further, there must be a long distance between the light emission sources and a ring-like illumination visible portion of an operation knob. Accordingly, if the light emission sources are arranged inside the operation knob, strict limitations are imposed on the arrangement and design of the parts.

Illuminating apparatus for operating section

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.