An electric vehicle charging station that supports delayed charging overrides. In one embodiment, to support delayed charging override in an electric vehicle charging station that requires authorization, after authentication is successful (e.g., the electric vehicle operator is authorized) and the electric vehicle is detected (e.g., the charging cord has been plugged into the charging port of the electric vehicle), the charging station begins a plug out timer for the electric vehicle operator to unplug the charging cord from the charging port of the electric vehicle and then begins a plug-in timer for the electric vehicle operator to plug the charging cord back into the charging port of the electric vehicle. If the electric vehicle operator does so within the periods of the timers, the charging session will not end and the delayed charging will be overridden.

Electric vehicle charging stations (hereinafter "charging stations") are used to charge electric vehicles (e.g., electric battery powered vehicles, gasoline/electric battery powered vehicle hybrids, etc.). Charging stations may be located in designated charging locations (e.g., similar to a gas station), near parking spaces (e.g., public parking spaces and/or private parking space), at private residences, etc. Charging stations may be controlled (e.g., owned or leased) by governments, businesses, utilities, organizations, or other entities.
Some electric vehicles have a feature that allows the electric vehicle operators to choose to configure charging immediately or delayed (e.g., based on departure time, based on electric rates and departure time). Delayed charging allows the load to be distributed. Some electric vehicles also have a way to override a delayed charging configuration at the time of charging. One example of temporarily overriding a delayed charging configuration is to unplug the charging cord from the charging port of the electric vehicle and then plug it back in within a certain amount of time (e.g., 5 seconds). This will cause the delayed charging configuration to be overridden and charging to begin immediately.

Overriding delayed electric vehicle charging events


A vehicle body includes a side sill connected by overlapping a plurality of plates. In an area of the side sill positioned in a door opening, a step garnish covers at least a portion of such area. The step garnish is formed of a hard resin garnish main body and a soft resin garnish end part. The garnish main body covers from the upper surface of the side sill through a lateral surface that includes a sealing contact part. The garnish end part is integrally formed with an end of the garnish main body, and covers at least the sealing contact part. The thickness of the garnish end part gradually decreases from a proximal end formed integrally with the garnish main body towards the distal end. Such arrangement improves appearance of the door opening and sealing characteristics of the area surrounding the door opening.

Door openings to be opened and closed by side doors are formed in side sections of ordinary vehicles, such as passenger automobiles. Generally, the lower edge of such a door opening is set at a low height to allow a passenger to get in and out of the vehicle with ease. The lower edge of the door opening is defined, for example, by the upper surface of a side sill. A construction of a side sill is disclosed, for example, in Patent Literature 1. Further, a technique for covering the lower edge of a door opening with a step garnish is disclosed, for example, in Patent Literature 2.
A vehicle body disclosed in Patent Literature 1 is constructed of plate materials differing among various portions of the vehicle body and such different plate materials are joined together, in order to achieve an enhanced quality and reduced weight. For example, lower end portions of a center pillar and a rear pillar are lapped over and joined to a side sill. Namely, a part of the side sill is constructed by the plate materials, forming the center pillar and the rear pillar, being lapped over the plate material forming the side sill. Thus, the side sill has a stepped joint section where the plate materials are lapped over and joined to each other.
Generally, a seal member is provided on the peripheral edge of the vehicle door. With the door in a closed position, the seal member contacts and seals an outer side surface, located outward in a vehicle width direction, of the side sill. If the side sill has a joint section as in the vehicle body disclosed in Patent Literature 1, the joint section would adversely influence the sealing performance of the sealing member. Further, in the case where the lower edge of the door opening is defined by the upper surface of the side sill and if the joint section is exposed on the upper surface of the side sill, the joint section is undesirably visible from outside. Therefore, a further improvement has to be made in order to enhance the outer appearance of the vehicle body.
Further, a vehicle body disclosed in Patent Literature 2 has a step plate (step garnish) provided on the lower edge of the door opening. The step plate is an aluminum plate constructed to allow a foot (or feet) of a passenger to be placed thereon and covered along its outer periphery with a decorative resin cover. Such a decorative resin cover can enhance the outer appearance of the step plate.
Further, merely combining the technique disclosed in Patent Literature 2 with the technique disclosed in Patent Literature 1 cannot enhance the sealing performance provided by the seal member in the joint section of the side sill, nor can it enhance the outer appearance of the lower edge of the door opening.

Structure for vehicle body lateral section


A recording medium in which a base paper, a first layer including a binder, and a second layer including kaolin and at least one pigment selected from calcined kaolin, delaminated kaolin, and amorphous silica are laminated in that order. A total content of at least one pigment selected from the group of pigments is 10% or more of the total amount of pigments in the second layer. A Cobb water absorption degree within a contact time of 120 sec in a water absorption test at a surface of the first layer of the base paper provided with the first layer is than 2.0 g/m2 or less, and a water absorption amount within a contact time of 0.5 sec determined by a Bristow test at a surface of the second layer is from 2 mL/m2 to 8 mL/m2.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a recording medium, a method for manufacturing same, and an inkjet recording method using same.
2. Description of the Related Art
An inkjet apparatus has a simple structure, and high-quality image recording can be conducted by inkjet recording performed using the inkjet apparatus. The viscosity of the ink used for inkjet recording is adjusted to a range from about several Pa·s to about 30 Pa·s and the ink is designed to have a surface tension of about 20 mN to about 40 mN/m, so that the ink can be ejected from an inkjet head.
The ink usually includes 50% to 90% by mass ink solvent so as to obtain the ink viscosity within the aforementioned range. Examples of suitable ink solvents include water, organic solvents, oils, and photopolymerizable monomers. From the standpoint of environmental compatibility, water is most often used. Further, a high-boiling solvent such as glycerin is generally used as an ink solvent in order to prevent an ejection nozzle of the inkjet head from being clogged due to drying of the ink solvent.
On the other hand, when a large amount of ink solvent is present on a recording medium where an ink image has been formed, image bleeding and mixing of colors caused by the large amount of ink solvent can easily occur. For this reason a special inkjet paper (see FIG. 5) having on the surface thereof a solvent absorbing layer (ink accommodating layer) that has a thickness of about 20 μm to 30 μm and is capable of absorbing an ink solvent is used as a recording medium, thereby preventing the occurrence of image bleeding and color mixing.
In the case of an aqueous ink using water as the ink solvent, the water penetrates into the base paper during recording, thereby causing paper deformation such as curling. However, where an inkjet special paper 200 has a solvent-absorbing layer 22 on a base paper 21, as shown in FIG. 5, water is prevented from penetrating into the base paper and paper deformation can be inhibited.
In particular, when graphical images with a high image density and a high image surface area ratio are to be formed, the amount of ink per unit surface area on the recording medium increases, and the solvent absorbing layer can hardly prevent the ink solvent from penetrating into the base paper. For this reason, water-resistance paper (for example, laminate paper) that is covered with a resin layer using a polyolefin or the like is typically used (for example, see JP-A Nos. 2005-238829 and 2005-96285).
However, inkjet technology is used not only in the field of office printers and home printers. In recent years, it has found application in the field of commercial printing. In commercial printing, printed sheets are required to have an appearance similar to that of general printing paper, rather than a surface, such as that of a photograph, that completely blocks penetration of ink solvent into base paper. However, the range of properties such as surface gloss, texture and stiffness is limited when a recording medium has a solvent absorption layer with a thickness as large as from 20 μm to 30 μm. Therefore, application of inkjet techniques in commercial printing has been limited, for example, to posters and vouchers, with respect to which the restrictions on surface gloss, texture, stiffness and the like are tolerable
Further, not only is the feel of the printed paper important, but the image is also required to adhere strongly to the paper, which is a recording medium, and be present thereon with good stability as a recorded image. Thus, it is necessary that no defects such as peeling or scratches appear in the image produced, due to, for example, contact with the conveying path in the image formation process.
On the other hand, because the recording medium has such solvent absorbing layer and waterproofing layer, cost thereof rises, and this also becomes the reason for the aforementioned restrictions.
In this respect, a coated white sheet paper suitable for offset and gravure printing has been disclosed, this paper using an engineered delaminated clay and soft calcium carbonate combined at a predetermined ratio in the coating layer having a two-layer configuration (for example, see JP-A No. 2006-9184), and excellent smoothness and bulkiness has been obtained. Further, using delaminated clay of a predetermined mean particle size for decreasing white paper gloss of matte coated paper has been described (for example, see JP-A No. 5-5297).
Furthermore, it has been disclosed that by using delaminated kaolin with a predetermined particle size at a content ratio 90% or more by mass in a pigment coating layer of coated paper for gravure printing, it is possible to improve wettability and increase tone jump or ink mottle (see, for example, Japanese Patent No. 3788508).
However, in the above-described coated white sheet paper and coated paper, the occurrence of image peeling or the like is difficult to avoid and high-quality images are difficult to obtain with good stability. Moreover, the fixation ability of images is insufficient.
From the standpoint of commercial value, it is generally desirable to provide the recording materials with waterpoofness of a high level such that paper deformation, e.g. curling, occurring for example when a large amount of ink solvent is applied to the recording material can be avoided.

Recording medium, method for manufacturing same, and inkjet recording method


An automatic focusing apparatus performs focusing using a first automatic focusing method in which lens drive control is performed based on a focus signal so that a focus lens is moved to an in-focus point, and a second automatic focusing method in which lens drive control is performed based on information corresponding to an object distance so that the focus lens is moved to an in-focus point. The direction in which the focus lens is moved to the in-focus point according to the second automatic focusing method is compared with the direction in which the focus lens is moved to the in-focus point according to the first automatic focusing method. Based on the result, it is determined whether to perform the lens drive control according to the second automatic focusing method.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an automatic focusing apparatus that uses different automatic focusing methods and that performs lens drive control for moving a focus lens to the in-focus point, and an image pickup apparatus such as a video camera.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, automatic focusing apparatuses for video cameras have mainly used a method for focusing in which the sharpness (contrast) of an image is detected from the output signal from an image pickup device, the sharpness is referred to as focus evaluation value (focus signal), and the focus lens position is controlled so that the value is maximized. This method is called hill-climbing AF method (hereinafter referred to as contrast AF method).
In general, the level of the high-frequency component of the output signal of the image pickup device extracted by a band-pass filter of a certain band is used as the focus evaluation value in the contrast AF. The reason is that when a normal object image is photographed, as shown in FIG. 7, the focus evaluation value increases with focusing, and the point at which its level is highest is the in-focus point.
AF methods also include an internal ranging phase difference AF method, which is commonly used in silver-halide film single-lens reflex cameras. In this method, a light beam passing through the exit pupil of a photographing lens is split into two light beams, and the light beams are received by a pair of ranging sensors, respectively. The amount of deviation of the signal output according to the amount of received light, that is to say, the amount of relative positional deviation in the beam splitting direction is detected. Thereby, the amount of deviation in the focusing direction of the photographing lens is directly obtained. Therefore, if accumulating operation is performed by the ranging sensors once, the amount and direction of focusing deviation can be obtained, and high-speed focusing operation is possible.
There is another type of phase difference AF method, in which ranging sensors are provided independently from a photographing lens. This method is called external ranging phase difference AF method. In the external ranging phase difference AF method, a light beam received from an object is split into two light beams, and the light beams are received by a pair of ranging sensors, respectively. The amount of deviation of the signal output according to the amount of received light, that is to say, the amount of relative positional deviation in the beam splitting direction is detected. Thereby, the object distance is obtained by triangulation. AF methods using external ranging sensors also include a method in which the propagation velocity is measured using an ultrasonic sensor, and a method commonly used in compact cameras and in which triangulation is performed using infrared sensors. In these methods, information corresponding to the object distance is detected.
There are proposed AF apparatuses such that a focus lens is moved close to the in-focus point by the internal ranging phase difference AF method, for example, and is thereafter driven to the in-focus point by the contrast AF method (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-64056).
In the above known apparatuses, a focus lens is first moved to an in-focus point determined by an AF method other than the contrast AF method. Only when the focus evaluation value is larger than a predetermined amount, the apparatuses change their AF method to the contrast AF method. Drive control to an in-focus point (lens drive control) is then performed by the contrast AF method. The reason of such configuration is that the contrast AF method enables more accurate focusing.
Therefore, the in-focus point according to the contrast AF method usually differs from the in-focus points according to other AF methods in which lens drive control is performed based on information corresponding the object distance, for example, the phase difference AF method. In addition, the image pickup region where focus detection is performed by the contrast AF method does not necessarily correspond to the region on the image pickup screen subject to detection of the phase difference AF method. Therefore, in-focus points for different objects can be calculated in the contrast AF method and the phase difference AF method, respectively.
In the case where the known apparatuses have different in-focus points due to use of a plurality of AF methods, they have the following drawbacks. Although the focus lens has reached the in-focus point according to the contrast AF method, which enables accurate focusing, the focus lens is often carelessly moved to the in-focus point obtained by the phase difference AF method, for example, and thereby a defocus occurs. In addition, a phenomenon called hunting can occur, in which the focus lens reciprocates between the in-focus points obtained in the respective methods. These do not matter in the case of AF apparatuses for a still image, in which recording is not performed during AF operation. However, in the case of AF apparatuses for a moving image, these are problematic because an unnatural motion is recorded.
The focus evaluation value fluctuates significantly and is unstable during a panning operation or when the panning is completed. It is highly likely that the direction of focusing performed by the contrast AF method is wrong, and the in-focus point detected by the phase difference AF method often differs from the in-focus point detected by the contrast AF method. Therefore, the focusing when the panning is completed can take a long time.

Automatic focusing apparatus and image pickup apparatus


A process for fabricating a printed circuit board concerns the use of a soluble, air-stable conducting polymer applied to plated through holes, blind holes or vias or to a predetermined portion of the printed circuit board surface for selectively metal plating on the polymer without the necessity of either an electroless plating bath or the use of precious metal seeds. A preferred conducting polymer is polyaniline. A preferred metal plating is preferably copper or a noble metal such as palladium or silver.

The present invention relates to a process useful for fabricating printed circuit boards and particularly for the metallization of plated through holes in printed circuit boards. Specifically, the invention relates to the use of a conducting polymer layer for electrolytic metallization of printed circuit boards which eliminates the necessity for precious metal seeds and electroless copper baths in the manufacture of printed circuit boards.
Prior art processes for the metallization of plated through holes have usually included the step of seeding or using a catalyst, usually a noble metal salt, within the plated through hole. The next step has been to immerse the seeded circuit board in an electroless bath, usually copper, in order to plate a thin layer of copper, approximately 2 to 5 microns thick, in the plated through hole. The thin copper layer renders the plated through holes sufficiently conductive so that a thicker copper layer may be added by conventional electrolytic deposition.
While the described process is currently used in manufacturing printed circuit boards there are several drawbacks to the process. First, by their very nature, electroless baths are unstable and require close monitoring and control. Electroless copper baths fluctuate between being too stable resulting in plated through hole voids and being too active which results in homogenous decomposition of the bath. Second, formaldehyde which is probably the most commonly used reducing agent today in electroless copper baths is toxic and poses difficulties in waste treatment and disposal. Third, precious metal seeds are expensive and often have a limited useful lifetime.
Currently there are several techniques emerging in the industry which eliminate the necessity for precious metal seeds and electroless copper baths for printed circuit board manufacturing. In one technique a plated through hole is coated using a conductive colloidal graphite suspension (Black Hole Process, Olin Hunt Specialty Products). Once coated, the plated through hole is plated electrolytically, thus eliminating the need for electroless metal deposition. The described process is only useful for the plated through holes and is not extendable to plating extended printed circuit board surfaces. Therefore, while the described process is of value for full panel plating by substractive processing, it is of limited use for pattern electroplating.
The present invention concerns an electrically conductive polymer coating which may be applied to a printed circuit board composite substrate. Preferably, the polymer coating is applied from a non-aqueous or aqueous solvent followed by an electroplating process that is performed in an aqueous solution. Moreover, the polymer coating is stable in air since the polymer may be cast, painted, spin-coated or dip-coated onto a substrate and may even be removed from the substrate to generate a pattern.
The polymer coating in practicing the present invention covers a predetermined region of the printed circuit board varying from covering the entire substrate surface including any through hole, blind holes or vias to just coating any through holes, blind holes or vias. The polymer is sufficiently conductive that the composite may be electrolytically plated simply by immersion into a copper ion solution, such as a copper sulfate bath. The polymer film precludes the need for both precious metal seeds and electroless copper deposition prior to electrolytic metallization. Moreover, pattern electroplating using a thin film of conducting polymer according to the teachings of the present invention permits enhanced circuit line profiles which is an important consideration in fine line circuitization.
Polymers useful for the electrolytic metallization of printed circuit boards include substituted and unsubstituted polyanilines, substituted polyparaphenylenevinylenes, substituted and unsubstituted polythiophenevinylene, substituted and unsubstituted polyfuranvinylene, substituted and unsubstituted polypyrrolevinylene, substituted and unsubstituted polythiophenes, polyazines, substituted polyfurans, substituted polyselenophenes, substituted and unsubstituted poly-p-phenylene sulfides and polyacetylenes formed from soluble precursors.
The above conducting polymers useful in practicing the present invention contain a partially conjugated .pi. system. A solution is formed of the polymer. To the solution is added a doping species (dopant precursor) which on exposure to energy generates a dopant which dopes the polymer to the conducting state. The addition of the dopant results in an expansion of the extent of the conjugated .pi. system in the individual polymer molecule. It is not necessary to extend the conjugated .pi. system over the full extent of the molecule. It is only necessary to sufficiently extend the .pi. conjugated system of an individual molecule so that after the solvent is removed the .pi. conjugate part of an individual molecule is adjacent to a part of the .pi. conjugated part of an adjacent molecule. In the .pi. conjugated system an electron is essentially delocalized over the entire .pi. conjugated bonds. These electrons are more loosely bond and are available for electrical conduction. When an electric field is applied, an electron can flow along an individual molecule and hop from one molecule to an adjacent molecule in a region where the .pi. conjugated parts of the adjacent molecules overlap.
The conductive properties of these polymers and their uses are described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/357,565, field May 26, 1989, entitled "Electrically Conductive Polymeric Materials and Uses Thereof" and assigned to the same assignee as the present patent application, which co-pending application is incorporated herein by reference.
The preferred polymers for the electrolytic metallization of printed circuit boards is polyaniline. A major advantage for the use of the polymer polyaniline in fabricating printed circuit boards according to the present invention is the relatively low cost of producing the polymer.

Fabrication of printed circuit boards using conducting polymer

International Business Machines Corporation


A mechanism for handling event notifications or interrupts in a logically partitioned computing system having IO adapters that support adapter virtualization are provided. A virtual adapter associated with a physical IO adapter detects an event, identifies a logical partition associated with the event, and writes an event notification entry in a partition interrupt control block (PICB) of the logical partition memory space. The virtual adapter notifies shared control point logic on the physical IO adapter of the update to the PICB which may then write an entry to a logical partition manager interrupt control block (LPAR manager ICB) identifying the update to the PICB and the operating system associated with the PICB. The LPAR manager may then inform the operating system of the logical partition of the updates to the PICB which may then read the entries in the PICB, process them and inform appropriate application instances of the events.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to handling interrupts in a computer system, and more particularly to increasing interrupt handling efficiency in a logically partitioned computer system having an IO adapter that supports adapter virtualization.
2. Description of Related Art
An input/output (IO) adapter needs to notify applications when events that require the attention of the applications occur. For example, when a data packet is transmitted or received, completion of the processing of that data packet by the IO adapter needs to be communicated to the appropriate application, i.e. either the application from which the data packet was sent (outbound) or the application to which the data packet is destined (inbound). In addition, the IO adapter notifies the appropriate application(s) when error events occur. The error events are rare compared to the high rate of events caused by the normal flow of data packets through the IO adapter. The rate of events occurring scales with the speed of the network.
The notification of events to applications is performed primarily through the use of interrupts that are sent to the operating system. When an event occurs that requires notification to an application, an interrupt is generated by the IO adapter and sent to the operating system. An interrupt handler associated with the operating system performs appropriate processing on the interrupt to determine how to handle the occurrence of the event. Interrupts and interrupt handling are generally known in the art.
High speed IO adapters can cause a high rate of interrupts toward the operating system. As mentioned above, as the speed of the network increases, so does the number of events that occur and thus, the number of interrupts. The problem is that interrupt handling can be very expensive in terms of processor performance. That is, processor resources are utilized to handle the interrupts thereby reducing the processor's ability to do other work. Another problem associated with the notification of events from IO adapters is that for IO adapters that serve multiple applications, it is necessary to recognize the source of the interrupt in order to call the associated application.
These problems are made even more evident when the IO adapter is associated with a logically partitioned host system. Since each logical partition may have its own set of applications, its own operating system, memory resources, etc., the problems of large numbers of interrupts and identifying the appropriate application for a particular interrupt is made more complex.
Thus, it would be beneficial to have an improved system and method for handling interrupts in a logically partitioned environment. Moreover, it would be beneficial to have an improved system and method for handling interrupts in which the number of interrupt notifications is reduced and identification of associated applications is made less complex.

Interrupt mechanism on an IO adapter that supports virtualization

International Business Machines Corporation


Disclosed embodiments comprise an energy harvesting computer device in association with a communication device comprising interactive user interface operatively configured with CMOS multiple antennas on chin for boosting signal receptions and for providing faster data transmission speed. Disclosed embodiment encompasses three modes of communications—the Cell phone, wireless Internet applications, and Global communication and media information. Embodiments provide communication apparatus operable to enhance mobile communication efficiency with touch sensitive display comprising energy harvesting platform in communication with a charging circuit board configured with memories, processors, sensors, and modules. Embodiments further provide a gaming device, a wireless media device configured with touch pads comprising sensors being embedded in silicon substrate and fused in nano-fiber/microfiber material having excellent electrical characteristics. Certain embodiments provide communication apparatus configured for voice enabled applications comprising human voice auditory platform for converting text into voice auditory and/or voice auditory into text applications.

Until recently, cell phone usage has become increasingly useful to businesses, individuals and most of all, automobile users. Today, more people use cell phones for business transactions and/or to reach love ones. Yet cell phone usage has been blamed for about 70% of fatal accidents occurring on our roads. Many states have instituted and are enforcing no-cell-phone usage while driving in order to save lives. Disclosed embodiments provide advanced method for entertainment, computing, and communications and would improve emailing applications with human voice auditory response to mails, GPS communications, and traffic communications by more than 90 percent. The increase in cellular telephones has dramatically reach world applications. People around the world are relying exclusively on cell phones, and are abandoning their traditional land line telephone services in favor of the convenience of cell phone mobility. There is a need for cell phone reliance, reliability, and amplified signal strength.
Cell phones emit radiofrequency (RF) energy called radio wave. The amount of RF energy produced by cell phones is too low and causes significant tissue heating and/or increase in body temperature. The amount of RF energy may pose cancer risk to cell phone users in a long run because cell phones emit radiofrequency (RF) energy at low signal strength (radio waves), which is a form of radiation. Constant loss in power may cause battery loss and may cause the production of harmful radiations which may cause brain cancer in future. Disclosed embodiments further provide a booster and/or a repeater comprising a chip being embedded in a circuit in communication with antenna apparatus. The antenna apparatus is affixed in proximity with the battery compartment and communicatively connected internally to the cell phone. Disclosed embodiment is operable for providing high signal strength for speedy data transmission. Disclosed embodiments are operable on at least one of: dual band, tri band or digital. Prior art devices can cause many problems to human body including brain cancer. Additionally, weak signal often result in signal radiations and dropped calls which can be annoying to consumers and expensive for the wireless service providers. Dropped calls are as a result of lost signals between a cell phone and a base station. This may occur for a number of reasons, such as interference due to buildings or mountains, increase in distance between the cell phone and the base station. There is a particular need to increase the reliability of cell phones near large buildings and to eliminate signal radiation causing brain tumor, including neurological effects such as sleep disruption, headaches, and dizziness.
Parent applications incorporated by reference herein in their entirety teaches means to increase the reliability of cell phones through signal boosters. Disclosed embodiments provide communication apparatus configured for signal amplification. Certain embodiments provide a communication apparatus comprising of a cellular network amplifiers being configured to receive the cellular signal sent from a base station, and operable to amplify and retransmit the signal to one or more cell phones. Some embodiments provide the cellular network amplifier being operable to receive the signals from one or more cell phones and being configured to amplify and retransmit the signals to the base station.
Although cellular network amplifiers are typically placed in relatively close proximity to one or more cell phones, these amplifiers are configured to increase the level of the signals being transmitted to and from the cell phones to enable cell phones to communicate with base stations that are out of range. Some of the amplifiers are configured to be integrated with the cell phone and/or cell phone cradle. Other amplifiers are configured to be disposed away from the cell phone location, in a vehicle, and/or in a poor reception area.
Though conventional cell phone signal boosters are externally connected to apply constant gain levels to the signal passing through the amplifier, these external signal boosters typically are expensive devices. Internal signal boosters would produce maximum regulatory allowable power and would eliminate signal radiation and roaming. Disclosed embodiment provide internally disposed signal booster to further advance distance communication signals and also eliminate signal interference due to close proximity to a base station overload, preventing unwanted oscillation. Cell phone signal boosters that are mounted externally can cause interference that would create significant problems for wireless service providers by causing degradation to the overall signal and service quality.
The many problems being solved by the application of disclosed embodiments include:                Reduce exposure to electromagnetic radiation. This radiation is invisible and the danger may not be easily noted.        Reduce effects on the human body, particularly the brain.        Reduce the link between mobile phone signals and brain cancer.        Reduce brain tumor incidence rates caused by cell phone harmful radiations.
It has been anticipated that these dangers have far broader public health ramifications than smoking, and directly concerns all of us, particularly younger generation. Disclosed embodiment reduces public health ramifications to radiation exposure, and this exposure is far broader with prior at devices than smoking.
Disclosed embodiments provide signal amplification method comprising a platform for empowering cell phones and radio antenna apparatus. The platform is operable to enable stronger signals and protects the cell phone from radiation. The platform comprises nanotechnology application configured with sensors embedded in silicon substrate and fused/etched in a micro fiber material for generating electrical energy.
The antenna apparatus comprises CMOS″ digital circuitry design, and include microprocessors operable on integrated circuits (chips). Certain embodiments provide antenna method with CMOS circuitry being operable to dissipate less power when static. Embodiments provide antenna apparatus with CMOS processes and variants. Disclosed embodiments provide CMOS circuit that allows the implementation logic gates through p-type and n-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors to create paths to the output from either the voltage source or ground. When a path to output is created from the voltage source, the circuit is pulled up. The other circuit state occurs when a path to output is created from ground and the output pulled down to the ground potential.
Furthermore, slow data speeds are caused by weak cellular signals. These signals can be amplified with advanced technologies. Though there are devices that boost communication signals, these devices are external signal booster devices with limited applications. Mega telecommunication and information system is operable to increase cellular signal strength with an internal antenna apparatus being configured with a chip operable on a logic circuit. The chip is operatively configured to boost communication signals through the cell phone antenna to improve sound quality and reduce dropped calls. The chip is operable on a logic circuit being communicatively connected with the cell phone circuit board and in communication with the antenna. Disclosed embodiments provide software in communication with the logic circuit being configured for analyzing signal strength and data speed. The amplification of the signals would improve cellular data card "IC card and SIM card" reception, providing faster data transfer speeds. The chip is further operable to move the wireless signal away from consumer's head to reduce exposure to cellular radio signals, which may cause health issues. {PRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=data card signal improvement"} The chip is a solution which depends on cell phone antenna configuration operable on CDMA, TDMB, Digital/Analog/GSM, and location area network. The rationale behind the present embodiments therefore is to provide a comprehensive solution to some of the shortcomings inherent in the existing prior arts. Further disclosure of the preferred embodiments provides a technology that is developed to advance cell phone and Internet usage in vehicles. Certain embodiments of the disclosure further comprise hands free communications while driving.
In some embodiments of the disclosure, first a problem is being identified and analyzed. In other embodiments, the problem is being solved, and/or coded to address each problem variation. These codes could be text, signals, and symbols used to transmit messages around our work places, communities, businesses, and traffic. Certain embodiments of the disclosure include electrical impulses, sound waves, and light signals comprising at least a method of coding transportation and environmental information messages. Embodiments provide a computer, telephone and radio device operatively configured to rely on these impulses to receive and transmit signals. These impulses could be changed into sounds and signals being used to transfer, emit, communicate, and absorb the coded information to and from different distant destinations. The source or sender information is first encoded and translated into the source message. The receiver information is then decoded for the information circuitry to be completed. Certain embodiments of the disclosure provide apparatus for environmental and transportation safeties. Available statistics reveal that cell phones or mobile phones have been the root cause of many fatal accidents in the United States. Yet, most drivers have no other options than turning to their cell phones to get help, when the need arises.
Studies reveal that when we drive and speak over the cell phone at the same time, especially with one hand grabbing the steering wheel and the other hand holding the cell phone hand set held close to the ear; our ability to concentrate and safely maneuver the steering wheel diminishes especially as the conversation becomes much more animated. This predisposes the driver to an accident because at the later stage his control over the car is greatly impaired due to the phone conversation. In all, cell phones have orchestrated many deaths on our highway. It is also true that in emergency cases, cellular phones have been more than helpful. Is there any thing that can be done in order to improve on the cellular phone communications to eliminate signal radiation that is causing brain tumor? Disclosed embodiments further provide communication apparatus being configured with a chip for signal amplification for advanced communications.
Disclosed embodiments provide a communication apparatus comprising a communication platform consisting of sensors being embedded on silicon substrate. Certain embodiments provide the silicon substrate being fused/etched in a micro fiber material being composed of excellent electrical characteristics. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide the communication platform being operable for signal amplification. Other embodiments of the disclosure provide the communication platform being configured for generating electrical energy. Disclosed embodiments provide the communication platform being configured to protect against cancerous brain tumor and other radiant enabled diseases. The communication apparatus further provide configurations to enable drivers to safely use cell phones for communications while maintaining control over the steering wheel.
Disclosed embodiments provide a communication apparatus operable for better communication clarity, data transmission, downloadable data, and to electronically send mails, eliminating the need to pick up the phone to receive or make a calls or to request data content. Certain embodiments of the disclosure provides at least a logic mode, which is turned on/off, all a driver needs to do is push the accept button to establish communication with the sender. In some embodiments, dialing a number comprises pushing and releasing the send button, which establishes communication with a correspondent. In case of emergency, dialing the tag number of closest vehicle would initiate communications for some help. The disclosed embodiments further provide dialing the tag number plus a family code to initiate communications to a loved one on the highway. The application of the later disclosure may result in immediate emergency response. Disclosed embodiments provide at least a communication apparatus being configured to convert text data into voice auditory communications. Certain embodiments provide at least a communication apparatus being configured for converting voice auditory message into text data. Some embodiments provide a communication apparatus being configured to read text messages sent by emails in voice auditory message. Other embodiments further provide a communication apparatus being configured to write text message from voice auditory messages and/or commands.
Further disclosure of the embodiments provides directional software being configured for city streets networks or 411 network services. Certain disclosure of the network services include occurrences where one gets lost in a city uses the 411 button to automatically enable communications with the information network for that city. Disclosed embodiments further provide embedded random-access memory (RAM) operatively configured with (CMOS) and communicatively configured with the media comprising microprocessor intelligence to diligently resolve cellular phone problems. Disclosed embodiments further include a self-test chip device embedded in the media device and being operatively connected to a cellular phone control board to constantly monitor the performance of the media, the cell phone, and the bypass mode; and to further insure routine checking of all other communication devices. The bypass mode further allows the full operations of the cell phone when detached from the media device, including all operational features of the disclosed embodiments. The transmitters are designed to transmit to all destinations with the aid of the select mode button being configured to select different options. At least a mode is responsive to incoming signal and being configured to disable all the active functions of the media system temporarily to allow the receiver to receive incoming cell phone codes and other non-media signals. Until all the signals are transmitted, the media will stay disabled. At the end of the cellular/cell phone signal transmission, the media will return to the preset mode automatically and enable the continuous entertainment mode.
Certain embodiments further provide information technologies to assist communication clarity and control of larger industrial and commercial companies. Embodiments further provide features that can surpass the two-way radios. In addition to the two-way radios, the drivers in any vehicle still have to pick up the microphone to talk. This of course will have some degree of interference with their control of the steering wheel. Drivers still have to hold the microphone with the two-way phone which causes interference with the ability to safely control their vehicle. Two-way radios can only go past a certain zone. Sometimes, where there are high-rise buildings, the two-way radios will not transmit signals. Companies are constantly spending money trying to get their businesses going without knowledge of the safety aspect of the advanced technology. Disclosed embodiments provide improved technologies to facilitate means of communications, and to give customers a better service with very limited time lost, while satisfying the company's goals. Embodiments further provide a microprocessor operable to register the tag number of a vehicle as the acceptance number. When that tag number is dialed from home or from another vehicle equipped with disclosed embodiments, the microprocessor will power the device to pick up the radio or microwave signal and communication is established. In accordance, companies would be able to reach any of their drivers or employees at any time, to pass on further assigned duties that need to be performed without distracting the driver's attention. The megatel communication system is a unique system by which cars, trucks, heavy trucks, and planes can curtail communication barriers.
Disclosed embodiments provide apparatus for recognizing incoming and outgoing communication signals. Embodiments provide code responsive communication apparatus for communications with plurality family cars. Certain embodiments provide apparatus to initiate a family line conversation to ensure the safety of family members. Some embodiments provide methods for advancing communications for the super high way and reduce the estimated cost to the society. Every call made using disclosed embodiments would be locally billed. For example, if one is driving from one state to another and decides to make an out-of-state phone call the call will connect local receivers and transmitters within the sender's state and be billed as local call.
Embodiments provide tag number plus ID-code dialing. For instance, a driver driving down town or on a highway in the middle of the night and realizes that there is another car following his would use the communication apparatus to push a 911 button and transmit the danger signal to the nearest police station. It thus establishes communication between the driver and the police station without interfering with the driver's ability to safely maneuver the steering wheel. The car chasing the driver will be unaware of the driver's communication with the police. The driver will discretely give the police a complete description of the car chasing him without noticeable body language. If the driver knows the tag number of the car chasing him, then a 911 button plus the tag number will give the police a clear description of the person or car chasing him. With this advanced technology in place, the crime rate will drop and the cost to the society for, repairing the aftermath will drop. School principals, teachers, and parents will be able to use the school bus numbers, school bus tags, or a combination of both numbers to keep track of their students. They will also be able to use disclosed embodiments to verify if all the children on the bus reached home safely without interference with the driver's control of the bus. Disclosed embodiments provide solutions to reduce communication problems and crimes around cities. Any subscriber will be able to reach any other subscriber from another company and the subscriber's provider will mail all the bills. For instance, when a driver uses disclosed embodiments to dial, for each dialing location, if the number is a local number for that location, and the driver is within that location, disclosed embodiments is operatively configured to select the nearest phone network station. The microprocessors and the fiber optics are operable to enhance communications.
Embodiments provide computerized station detector operable to search the nearest station and transmit all the coding signals to various destinations. The station will dial the number as a local number, provided that the sender and the receiver are within the local zone. If the receiver is out of the local zone were the sender is calling from, the call could become a distance. Disclosed embodiments would search among huge array of existing MVA-DMA stations, picking the dialing tag numbers for any car and dial the car directly. The computerized station detector will prepare all itemized bills through the Internet services with telephone companies and send to the subscribers. The tag card is configured to carry programmed information in communication with the computerized phone station detectors. The tag card, the communication apparatus, and the computerized station detector are made up of various kinds of transmission media sensors configured for interactions between devices. These systems would pick the stations and assign the stations to carry voice and data signals from place to place, and switching the systems that connect the circuits that link together two parties.
Disclosed embodiments further provide interactive signal detection and switching medium with voice enabled applications. Disclosed embodiments provide a communication apparatus being operable to reduce cost and increase safety. The microprocessor is designed and programmed to identify numbers and to speak to other microprocessors. These microprocessors serve as the main information exchange center by absorbing and emitting radiant energies through waves and can demodulate the absorbed energy or modulate the emitted energy. The energy signals are modulated or demodulated from the coded information. The communication apparatus further provides microprocessors being operable to allow other networks and businesses to advertise by programming plurality of microprocessors, said processors being interactive, to emit the advertisement codes.
Disclosed embodiments provide means for converting sounds, vibrations, pressure force, and external data into electrical energy. Certain embodiments further provide means for modulating the radiant energy emitted by radiant energy sources, according to the output codes assigned to each of the microprocessors. Other embodiments provide the codes being demodulated to demodulate the absorbed radiant energy. Some embodiments provide the microprocessor being configured to absorb the radiant energy signals when calls are transmitted and also exchange coded information; enabling the powered antenna motor to serve as a wave-guide power supply that receives and transmits signals. Disclosed embodiments provide an antenna apparatus being operable with signal amplification chip in communication with a logic circuit. Certain embodiments provide microprocessors being programmed for communications with ambulances, fire trucks, police, other emergency vehicles, construction areas and equipment.
Embodiments comprise of fiber optics/silicon micro fiber to transmit and receive wave signals from radio waves and microwaves, and to determine the amount of light traveling down the fiber. Embodiments use fiber optics to measure the amount of light coupling from one fiber to another in optical radiation. The fiber optic receivers are high-performance and linear fiber optic module that are configured to extend the range of radioactive frequency (RF) signals in hard-to-reach areas such as tall buildings, underground railroads, submarines, and tunnels. Some embodiments provide a fiber optic modem chip operable at full or half duplex over fiber optic cables or waves to allow faster communication signal transmissions. Disclosed embodiments provide apparatus to promote safety while simplifying its usage. Certain embodiments provide a hold in slot i for the cellular phone. The cellular phone has a coded metal base end that, when inserted into the hold in slot will recharge the phone and also permit cellular communication through the media microphone and the media speakers of at least a vehicle. When the vehicle is packed, the cellular phone is pulled out of the slot and used like a regular cellular or wireless communication device for non-driving purposes. In other words, the MEGATEL device is used as a hands-off communication device for drivers like a regular cellular phone if taken out of the slot. The microphone is used to talk party-to-party without actually holding it. This will allow the driver to have total control of the steering wheel with both hands while talking on the phone.
In other embodiments of the disclosure, the microphone could be mounted on the ceiling of a vehicle for a headset, or embedded in the sun visor, the steering wheel, or the dashboard. The headset or speakers are powered by the built-in amplifier and is connected through modular connectors. The main media volume control also controls the phone volume. Disclosed embodiments further provide apparatus for taking messages for later transmission and include Internet ready transmission. Some embodiments of the disclosure further provide at least a screen covered with electronic control protective shield that is opened when the Internet or communication service is enabled. The Internet service is disabled when the vehicle's speed exceeds the preset limit, thereby allowing the Internet service to depend on the speed of the vehicle, to further prevent future accident caused by the driver's lack of focus.
Certain embodiments provide a communication apparatus operable on different frequencies including giga range frequencies for better communication clarity. The signals are separated into more frequencies to make conversation interference very impossible. The headset is attached to the cellular phone to be powered by the amplifier configured to directly receive(s) all incoming calls. The communication apparatus could also be inserted into the slot of the media device to receive all transmissions and codes through the metal base being provided to power all signals through the microphone and the antenna. Disclosed embodiments provide microprocessors designed to continually monitor all communication devices and automatically transmitting and receiving different coding signals to and from different destinations. The megatel is a media-phone with Internet ready access mode, powered by the media amplifier and further include screen viewed from the sun-visor that has a protective cover shield to further prolong the life of the screen. Other embodiments provide communication devices operatively configured with microprocessor chips operable to transmit and receive different signals through radio waves and microwaves frequencies.
Disclosed embodiments further provide communications and entertainment station configured for processing instructions. Certain embodiments provide a communication-processing module comprising a microprocessor configured for signal communications and information handling. Some embodiments provide a microphone, including a cordless headset mounted in the vehicle for privacy usage if there is a third party in the vehicle. The cordless microphone is configured to improve on noise cancellation and to transmit communication signals with better clarity. Handling a cellular phone with one hand and driving at the same time can create hard flexion on the shoulder, headache, and neck pain, which can influence accidents. On the contrary, driving and talking through the headset is very relaxing and will help reduce the many accidents that normally occur. It is the object of the disclosed embodiments to provide communication apparatus that is configured with a chip for amplifying signal communications.
Certain embodiments provide a built in amplifier that amplifies the microphone. The cordless microphone is adjustable to accommodate different drivers. Some embodiments further provide a mode button that has many features including deactivating incoming calls if the driver does not want to be bordered. Disclosed embodiments provide the mode button which could be switched from phone mode to media mode to listen to music through the headset. Certain embodiments further provide an interface unit being operable through a circuit board operatively configured with control functions in communications with the memories to control functions of the microprocessor through the network software. Some disclosed embodiments provide a fiber optic modem chip operable through a manual or an automatic switching circuit or through corresponding pin interface operable to activate the fiber optic modem. Switching may be achieved through transmitting time of the following sources; internal oscillation, external clock from the communication apparatus, loop-back clock derived from the receive signal.
Disclosed embodiments further provide a transmission modem that is synchronous. This means, the transmission time is selected for internal, external, or loop-back clock. Transmission signals are converted internally to synchronize the format in compliance with other standards. All other formats are switch selected. Disclosed embodiments further provide a modem chip, which could be a card operable for transmitting and receiving signals to and from automobiles and other transportation equipment or industries. With this device or with the incorporation of a pressure sensor on the seat surfaces of airplane seats, electronically knowing how many passengers are seated and also communicating to individual passengers in the plane will be much easier. Certain embodiments provide a linear fiber optic transmission links operatively configured for satellite earth stations to communicate signals at the same frequencies as the links. With this linear fiber optics, distance limitations between antennas for the communication apparatus or other broadcasting media operation centers will virtually be eliminated. The linear fiber optic earth satellite station and the delivering signals are communicable without any automatic gain control.
Disclosed embodiments provide apparatus that allow communication between many personal computer systems, space communications, communication between movie producers and actors, without physically holding the phone system to talk. Certain embodiments further provide apparatus operable on a push a button and release to talk while driving or while performing other duties in the work area. Communication between actors and producers will be easily transmitted, received and controlled by a single device with the disclosed embodiments. Just push the receive button to receive incoming calls and talk while driving. All signals are digital and analogs via radio and microwave frequency communication signals through the fiber optic cables.
Certain embodiments provide apparatus operable to communicate to any driver while both cars are in motion. Some disclosed embodiments provide apparatus operatively configured to improve daily live communications and entertainments. The process of exchanging information from vehicles to vehicles, or from homes, offices, businesses to vehicles is called communication and human senses depend on more advanced technologies to make this simpler.
Disclosed embodiments further provide a media device being configured with interactive screen input/output and/or for communications. The key to solving problems includes the technical processes of exchanging information. This information is in the form of communicating, and communication technology is the process of transmitting information from a source to a destination, using codes and storage signals. Machine to machine, machine to human, and human to machine communication are the most common forms of communication being embodied in the disclosure, including hands free communications. The human to machine communication will allow the driver to transmit information to the other vehicle with an extended capability. The machine to human communication system will allow the driver of any of the other vehicle know that some one is trying to reach to the driver or the occupants. Certain embodiments further provide apparatus being operable for communication interface.
Disclosed embodiments further provide an improved automotive communication system that reduces accidental injuries caused by lack of concentration on the steering wheel. Certain embodiments provide a microchip or microprocessor operable to turn receivers on and off when a call is made. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide a communication system that receives and transmits signals from one vehicle to the other. The microprocessor is further operable to increase transmittal speed responsive to 911 codes when a collision is detected. Disclosed embodiments further provide a communication apparatus functionally programmed for communications without interfering with the steering wheel control. Certain embodiments provide automatic switchboards, radio waves and microwave transmitters, satellite, and optic fibers operable for transmitting/receiving phone signals around traffic and the world. Other embodiments provide communication apparatus operable for transmitting Information from a source to a destination through codes and signals. The transfer of information includes designing, coding, transmitting, receiving, and storing of data in a system.
Disclosed embodiments further provide apparatus that implement actions to increase traffic communication and reduce traffic accidents caused by automotive phone system. Some embodiments provide a messaging system that informs, persuades, instructs and entertains drivers and other businesses around the world. The information system is operable with a receiver to inform and provide the transmitted message. The general message that instructs all drivers also provide directions or knowledge about the future or upcoming events and road situations through coded instruction in the highway boards and other road construction areas. The message that persuades will convince drivers to take caution on different situations and events around the cities and the highways.
Disclosed embodiments further provide advertisement messages communicable to alert the public and drivers alike of some sales and other upcoming events without distracting their attention. Certain embodiments provide billboards along major highways being equipped with programmed microprocessors communicatively configured to ensure smooth transmission of vital information including ad messages to on-coming cars approaching the billboard. Disclosed embodiments further provide communication apparatus that communicate with all highway signs and advertisement boards. Certain embodiments provide compatible chip communicatively configured with programmed processors. Other embodiments provide the microprocessors operable to communicate with other processors wirelessly. Disclosed embodiments further entertain by providing some form of amusement to users and drivers while driving. Certain embodiments provide a communication apparatus in wireless communication with car media devices, further responsive to phone and Internet device applications. When there is a message, a phone call, or e-mail, the media system will be bypassed and the phone system will automatically be activated. The media amplifier, through the media speakers, is configured to amplify the receiving and transmitting messages. Certain embodiments provide a microphone located on the steering wheel, sun-visor edges, ceiling, or dashboard operable to absorb and transmit the messages.
Disclosed embodiments provide a sun-visor being operable with electronic screen for receiving electronic and Internet messages. The sun-visor has automatic foldable cover for the screen. Certain embodiments provide the screen operable to output electronic messaging and Internet communications. Some embodiments provide a communication device being configured for radio programs, cellular transmissions, and TV broadcasting to assigned locations. Receiving and transmitting communications is the process of acquiring and decoding messages. Disclosed embodiments provide a receiver being operable to decode or interpret messages from any of the sources.
Certain embodiments provide cellular and/or media receivers operable to convert the radio waves into pleasant sounds that one can hear and understand. Successful communication is often the result of feedback provided to the sender. This feedback is usually returned information to the sender to confirm that the message was received. The feedback is a communication process that responds to the completed communication signal and coded signs. Another point of concern that is affecting current hand-held cell phones is the interference. Interference is the distortion of signals intended to the receiver. This interference is caused by the reception of undesired signals. The interference can be the called noise or distractions that interfere with the communication process. Disclosed embodiments further provide amplified signal communication device. Certain embodiments provide communication apparatus that generates electrical energy Embodiments further provide the media device operable with a rechargeable means.
Disclosed embodiments further provide a chip operable on a circuit being configured with the antenna for signal transmission accuracy and destination free. The key to this advanced communication device is to allow friendly and safe conversation around the high way and inner city by increasing the level of communication signal clarity. The communicated information is being exchanged among people, machines, police, governments, businesses, schools, and industrial groups without interfering with environmental safety. In part, telecommunication is the transmitting of information or signals between distant points where the information would be received, understood, and used. The most common example is the telephone. The use of satellite to transmit radio signals around the globe is an excellent example of telecommunication system being utilized with the disclosed embodiments. Certain embodiments provide a communication apparatus being operable with a telecommunication satellite.
Embodiments provide communication apparatus being configured for communications, information, and electronic mailing. For example, a police chasing a car in the highway would be able to transmit certain verbal information through coding to all vehicles on the chasing lane. The chasing lane and the direction of the chase are instantly communicated to all the vehicles heading the direction in view of forestalling the occurrence of potential accidents. Embodiment is operable with human-to-human, human to machine, machine to human and machine-to-machine communication signals. Disclosed embodiments further provide quick means to exchange information over long and short distances at low cost.
Disclosed embodiments further transmit and receive information in electronic form. Major construction companies will be able to provide the following messages to approaching traffic miles away: "Road construction ahead, Road block, Traffic jam, Major accidents, Advertisement." A constant flow of more messages could be followed. Disclosed embodiments provide a communication apparatus being further operable for communications with large groups of people or individuals, as well as advertisement, traffic instructions, entertainment, persuasion and information. When calls are made, the calls will be sent through series of transistorized switches until the calls are connected with the other telephones at the addressed identified. Certain embodiments provide a communication apparatus that enhances the convenience of communicating quickly and easily, over any distance, without interfering with the driver's ability to safely maneuver the steering wheel. Some embodiments of the disclosure provide an interactive device for communications and safe driving. Other embodiments of the disclosure provide a wireless communication apparatus communicatively configured for networking and Internet communications. The designing process for disclosed embodiments is uncompelled and unlimited. When a message is sent, a feedback is returned to inform the sender about the status of the message. Disclosed embodiments further provide an automotive communication system that entails more options like; informing, instructing, persuading, entertaining, and advertising
Disclosed embodiments provide communication apparatus operable for reduction of the pressure effect to improve the transmission and receiving of the transmitted information. The antenna is made up of cell foams and would allow the media device and the cell phone to operate on the same mast mounted antenna. The antenna is operable to receive and transmit coded information. The antenna is communicatively configured with the chip for eliminating acoustic interference signal radiation problems that exist in the wave traffic. The quality features of the antenna include stainless steel ferrule, high-gloss urethane finish over fiberglass, powerful brass internal elements, ferrite choke bead, and UV stable RG-8x marine cable with a factory-installed mini-connector. Embodiments provide antenna apparatus operable to reduce the whistling effects and also to damp the occurring wave due to vibration. Certain embodiments provide antenna apparatus communicatively connected to a chip in communication with a logic circuit. Other embodiments of the disclosure provide an antenna motor which is turned on when the ignition switch of a vehicle is turned on. When the ignition switch is turned on, the circuit for the antenna motor will be closed and the antenna motor will rotate on one direction, enabling the antenna to be raised up.
Disclosed embodiments provide antenna apparatus with a stronger link operable with wireless communication devices and/or with vehicle media device to oversee any weak signal and to improve communication clarity. The antenna could be embedded or be vertically mounted at ranges from 4″ to 24″ with ultimate signal pulling power. All internal elements are sealed with fiberglass rod coated with high-gloss urethane finish. The high-gloss urethane coating is to ensure lasting performance and more compatibility with the other high quality antenna products that could be used. Certain embodiments of the disclosure provide an antenna apparatus operatively connected to a chip operable at other frequencies. Disclosed embodiments provide improvement to acoustic reduction, better communication performance, and is operatively configured for transmitting, receiving, switching and transmitting, receiving and switching, receiving by combining ground to air to transmit and receive signals, and is not cancerous.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Energy harvesting mega communication device and media apparatus configured with apparatus for boosting signal reception


The motion of an object is characterized by transmitting acoustic signals over first and second transmitter-receiver channels. Information relating to signals received over the first channel is compared with information relating to signals received over the second channel, to identify a similar pattern in both channels arising from reflections from the object. A relative timing difference between the channels, associated with the similar pattern, is used to characterize the motion of the object.

This invention relates to characterising the motion of one or more objects using acoustic signals; particularly, although not exclusively, using ultrasound.
It is known to track finger movements for touchless interaction with a computing device with an ultrasonic transmitter and a number of receivers using time-of-flight measurements. Indeed various proposals for such tracking have been made—e.g. in US patent application US 2006/0161871 by Apple Inc.®, which relates particularly to input to a handheld device. However these proposals have shortcomings. In particular, they can be sensitive to noise caused by changes in the shape or view-angle of the finger, or interference from one or more other objects.
Optical tracking based on time-of-flight principles has also been attempted; however, the technology is complex and costly, due in part to the need for optical components and the very high clock-speeds required. Furthermore, it is impossible to flush-mount a camera having a wide (e.g. 180-degree) field of view, meaning that camera lenses must partly project from the surface of the device so that they are exposed to damage and contamination, as well as being potentially less aesthetically-pleasing.
The disclosed embodiments aim to take a different approach.


Wire arc spraying using repetitively pulsed, high temperature gas jets, usually referred to as plasma jets, and generated by capillary discharges, substantially increases the velocity of atomized and entrained molten droplets. The quality of coatings produced is improved by increasing the velocity with which coating particles impact the coated surface. The effectiveness of wire-arc spraying is improved by replacing the usual atomizing air stream with a rapidly pulsed high velocity plasma jet. Pulsed power provides higher coating particle velocities leading to improved coatings. 50 micron aluminum droplets with velocities of 1500 m/s are produced. Pulsed plasma jet spraying provides the means to coat the insides of pipes, tubes, and engine block cylinders with very high velocity droplet impact.

Thermal spraying is a process of applying coatings of high performance materials, such as metals, alloys, ceramics, cermets and carbides, onto more easily worked and cheaper base materials. The purpose of the coating is to provide enhanced surface properties to the cheaper bulk material of which the part is made. Because of its ability to deposit virtually any material (and many combinations of materials) thermal spray has a wide and growing range of applications.
Coatings are a pervasive technology, permeating throughout all of industry and high technology applications. Coating technology is an enhancing technology that improves products and reduces cost. In many applications, coatings make it possible to achieve ends that cannot be achieved in any other known way, or at least in any way that is affordable. Examples of applications in different technologies are shown in Table 1.
Coatings are most easily grouped according to their primary function, as listed in Table 2. However, a given coating can often provide more than one of these basic functions. Some important applications are for thermal insulation, wear resistance, corrosion and chemical resistance, abradable and abrasive coatings, electrically conductive or resistive coatings, medically compatible coatings, dimensional restorative coatings, and polymer coatings. Recently, there has been strong interest in net shape spray forming techniques.
Specific applications range from thermal barrier coatings in gas turbines, to protective coatings for rocket nozzles, to internal combustion engine components such as piston rings, to newer applications in the prosthetic device area, to hardfacing load bearing surfaces, to anti-corrosion coatings on bridges and other infrastructure, to literally hundreds of others. Fabrication of ceramic substrates for electronic circuits by thermal spray techniques has long been considered, but is not yet widely accepted. This situation is expected to improve with the availability of improved spray processes which provide denser coatings with more uniform (homogeneous) and more resistive coatings. Table 1 lists many of the existing application areas for thermal spray coatings.
Dimensional restoration of worn landing gear assemblies is a potential market for advanced thermal spray technology. Currently, the quality of available thermal spray coatings is not sufficient for the FAA to approve the process for restoration of these and other critical aircraft assemblies. The potential to achieve true metallurgical bonding at high velocity holds the promise of acceptance of thermal spray repairs for these assemblies, opening up a large new market that does not now exist.
Thermal spray includes a variety of approaches, but can be grouped into three main coating processes: combustion, wire-arc, and plasma. Each particular approach has advantages and disadvantages that tend to position it in a particular area or areas of application. These include (in roughly ascending order of coating quality and with particle impact velocities listed in parenthesis): flame spray (30 m/s), flame wire spray (180 m/s), wire-arc spray (240 m/s), conventional plasma spray (240 m/s), detonation gun (910-1200 m/s), high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) (610-1200 m/s), high-energy plasma (240-1220 m/s) and vacuum plasma (240-610 m/s).
Thermal spray techniques can be further subdivided into continuous and detonation processes. Most approaches involve continuous processes. The detonation gun, marketed for years by Union Carbide under the trade name D-Gun.RTM. and more recently by Praxair, is the most notable exception. A recent variant on the D-Gun.RTM. is the DEMETON gun being marketed by a Russian firm in the U.S. Recent improvements in HVOF spray make it competitive with D-Gun.RTM. applied coatings in some applications. HVOF coating quality is roughly comparable to that of the D-Gun.RTM..
Existing thermal spray processes are compared in Table 3.
Thermal spray has a rich history, but there is considerable room for improvement in the technology. There are substantial limitations in present thermal spray technology which have slowed or prevented expansion of existing markets and penetration into new markets and new application areas. The quality of coatings produced by present thermal spray technology and its economic viability is limited by a variety of factors including the following:
A need exists for higher particle impact velocity, which generally produces better coatings. PA1 More uniformity of spray pattern is needed. More uniform spatial & temporal velocity distribution desired. PA1 Sensitivity to feedstock materials and other process variables are experienced. PA1 More efficient use of the energy is needed to melt coating materials. PA1 Deposition efficiencies are less than 50% for some materials. PA1 Coating properties are not yet equivalent to those of wrought material. PA1 Cost of newer high-performance materials is relatively high. PA1 Improved coating consistency & reproducibility are needed. PA1 More reliable equipment is needed. PA1 Higher spray rates are generally desirable. PA1 No industry standards exist for spray guns, and few for coating materials. No coating can be considered generic and reproducible at this time, partly due to the inability to accurately model existing systems.
High quality coatings are "generally" characterized by high adhesion and cohesion strengths, low porosity, low oxide inclusions (except for some cases where the phases are small and well dispersed), high hardness, and other properties designed for specific applications such as electrical or magnetic properties, or machinability for finishing.
Particle impact velocity is one of the most important factors in coating quality. One of the main areas of research and innovation in the industry has been the quest for ever higher velocities. Higher velocity impact generally produces denser, harder, and more uniform coatings with less porosity and with higher adhesion and cohesion. Porosity is the largest source of coating failure and is usually indicative of poor coating cohesion and a high degree of unmelted or cold-particle entrapment. High velocity impact forces splats to fill in voids, and the kinetic energy which is converted to heat during the impact reduces the number of unmelted particles, which reduces porosity. Oblique spraying, off perpendicular, should be significantly improved by high velocity, through reduction of shadow porosity effects. In addition, higher velocity tends to produce coatings with less induced stresses.
Ideal characteristics of the plasma spray process are uniform and controllable velocity of particles on impact, sufficient velocity to produce a high density deposit without "exploding" the molten or partially molten droplets on impact, uniform and controllable heating of particles, attainment of fully molten or plastic particles without vaporization or undesired reactions, isolation from or controlled interaction with the ambient environment, and stable process conditions with highly reproducible results.
Despite the limitations of present thermal spray systems, a $2B market has developed over the years. Penetration of thermal spray technology into new application areas, such as the automotive industry and electronics is, however, fundamentally constrained by the limitations in the existing technology as described above. The highest quality coatings are also the most difficult to make due to the high temperatures required to melt the powder materials and the high density of the powders such as the refractory metal alloys. Existing thermal spray technologies must work very hard to achieve the velocities now being produced. A contributing factor is the difficulty of controlling the chemical environment and generally preventing oxidation reactions from occurring on the surface of the powder particles prior to impact on the substrate. All of these factors effect coating quality. New applications and expanded markets for existing applications are expected to occur in the industry if dramatic improvements in performance of the technology are introduced and if costs can be reduced significantly.
Wire-arc spraying is a well established segment of the thermal spray market which is used primarily for producing corrosion and wear protection coatings. It is one of the most efficient methods of producing thick coatings. In the two-wire arc process, two insulated metallic wire electrodes are continuously fed to an arc point where a continuously flowing gas stream is used to atomize and spray the molten electrode material in the arc. Some configurations utilize a single feed wire and a non-consumable electrode.
Wire-arc spraying has several advantages over other thermal spray techniques. It produces a high spray rate. The process is energy efficient since all input energy is used to melt the metal. Energy efficiency also means typically lower substrate temperatures. Wire-arc spraying is generally simpler to operate. Equipment is relatively low in cost; and safety is enhanced by eliminating combustible gases. These advantages are counter-balanced by the fact that only non-brittle metallic wires may be used, which generally limits the materials that can be sprayed. In addition, atmospheric operation produces considerable noise and UV and infrared radiation which introduce safety hazards. The use of cored wires allows the introduction of alloys and other materials such as ceramics into the spray. Characteristic arc spraying parameters are shown in Table 4.
The metal droplets are already molten when they come off the wire tips, and so the primary function of the gas flow is to simply atomize and accelerate the molten droplets towards the substrate. However, the air flow begins cooling the molten droplets immediately after leaving the arc zone. Thus wire-arc spray devices attempt to minimize the flight time to reduce this cooling effect in order to ensure the particles are still molten on impact. This places an additional limitation on the velocity the particles can attain. The use of air to accelerate the molten droplets can also lead to undesirable surface oxidation. Needs exist for improved thermal coating apparatus methods and products.