An apparatus and method for forming a hem on a 5th panel of a liquid carton blank comprising a skiving section, a stepped creaser section, a burner section, a vacuum hemmer section, and a sealer section. Carton blanks are fed into the skiver section and exit from the sealer section at a high rate of speed. The final folding step in the process is performed by a vacuum hemmer which comprises a belt with holes for pulling a vacuum to securely hold the carton blank during the second and final folding of the skived portion of the 5th panel.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the field of carton folding, gluing and sealing and in particular to an improved apparatus and method for skiving, hemming and pre-sealing edges of liquid carton blanks with a vacuum hemmer apparatus.
2. Description of Related Art
Although carton blanks are formed from a wide variety of materials, this invention is related to the manufacture of cartons made from carton blanks having surface coatings of a thermoplastic material. The carton blanks generally are laminated with a paper board core and outer coatings of a high or low density polyethylene or other thermoplastic. The laminate may contain an optional barrier of metallic foil or other material that forms an essentially gas impermeable membrane.
In applications where a box is designed to store liquids or to store contents in a moist environment, overlapping the edges of a carton to form the box does not produce a longitudinal seam that maintains its integrity over an extended time interval for such applications. The conventional overlapped configuration exposes one edge of the paper board core that is the center of the laminate. If that edge lies inside the carton, the liquid contents can wick through the paper board core and eventually destroy the carton. Hence, it is important that the folded carton prevent such wicking in order to maintain the integrity of the longitudinal seam.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,236,408, issued Aug. 17, 1993 to Hugh A. McAdam, III, et al. and assigned to International Paper Box Machine Company, Inc. of Nashua, N.H., discloses related art and a method and apparatus for forming carton blanks into folded cartons with hemmed edges. A skiving apparatus removes a portion of a carton blank material at a predetermined area such as a first half of an edge portion. Then a folding apparatus folds the skived portion onto the blank, irons it, and then opens the hem to lie in a predetermined plane that intersects the plane of the blank. Superheated air activates a thermoplastic coating at the inner half of the edges adjacent to the skived portion of the area to be hemmed. Hemming and sealing apparatus seals the skived outer half of the edge portion fully onto the coating on the inner thermoplastic. However, during the hemming operation the blank is not securely held at the edge being hemmed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,540,391 issued Sep. 10, 1985 to Carl J. Fries, Jr. and assigned to International Paper Company of New York, N.Y. discloses an apparatus for skiving and hemming one or more edges of a paperboard web or blank to improve the sealing qualities of a container made from paperboard. The blank is skived twice, once to define an oblique surface and once to make a flat skived surface. The latter is folded over the former and heat sealed to a heat sealable material adjacent the skived region, defining a wedge-shaped edge portion which is ironed to produce a substantially flat sheet. Fries, Jr. discloses the use of vacuum suction to remove debris material during the pre-hemming milling operation which accomplishes the skiving.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,682,977 issued Jul. 28, 1987 to Gerald W. Buxton and assigned to Paper Converting Machine Company of Green Bay, Wis. discloses an apparatus for folding spaced segments of web material such as diapers having intermediate side flaps overfolded in the crotch portion making use of a vacuumized continuously moving belt system for gripping one surface of a planar web. Vacuum is applied to the bottom surface of a continuous belt means by means of a plenum chamber and conduits coupled to a vacuum pump. Continuous belt is equipped with sprocket holes engaging pins on head and tail sprockets. The continuous inner belt is equipped with a number of cutouts which allow vacuum to be applied to portions of the web which are not to be folded so as to maintain it under control.

Apparatus and method for forming a hemmed edge on carton blanks

Folder-Gluer Technical Services Group, Inc.


A transmitting unit of a LIDAR device includes at least two radiation sources for generating and emitting punctiform or linear electromagnetic beams into a scanning range, at least one of the radiation sources including an operating temperature settable as a function of an emission angle of the electromagnetic beams generated by the at least one radiation source. The different operating temperatures can generate beams having angle-dependent emission wavelengths, which can result in an improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio of a LIDAR device.

Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) devices typically include a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit generates and emits electromagnetic beams. A scanning range can be irradiated and scanned using the emitted beams. If these beams are incident on a moving or stationary object, the beams are reflected from the object in the direction of the receiving unit. The receiving unit can detect the reflected electromagnetic radiation and associate a receiving time with the reflected beams. This can be used, for example, within the scope of a "time-of-flight" analysis for an ascertainment of a distance of the object from the LIDAR device.
To optimize the signal-to-noise ratio, optical bandpass filters, for example, interference filters, can be situated in the receiving path of the LIDAR device to block interfering reflections. The narrower the transmitted wavelength range of the filter is, the less interfering or ambient light is incident on the detector and the better is the signal quality. However, in the case of the detection of beams having an angle of incidence greater than 0° in relation to an optical axis of the LIDAR device, a shift of the transmitted wavelength range of the bandpass filter toward shorter wavelengths occurs. Therefore, bandpass filters having a broader transmitted wavelength range are to be used so that beams having angles of incidence deviating from an optical axis can also be transmitted through the bandpass filter. However, a filter having a broader transmitted wavelength range can negatively affect the signal-to-noise ratio.

Transmitting unit and lidar device using at least two radiation sources having at least one of a settable operating temperature and a settable emission wavelength to generate and emit punctiform or linear electromagnetic beams for scanning a scanning range


Disclosed herein is an apparatus for radio frequency digital-to-analog conversion of in-phase and quadrature bit streams. The apparatus may include a plurality of in-phase multiplying cells that receive an in-phase local oscillator signal and a plurality of in-phase bits, a plurality of quadrature multiplying cells that receive a quadrature local oscillator signal and a plurality of quadrature bits, a first output line connected to a first set of the plurality of in-phase multiplying cells and a first set of the plurality of quadrature multiplying cells, and a second output line connected to a second set of the plurality of in-phase multiplying cells and a second set of the plurality of quadrature multiplying cells. Each multiplying cell produces an output signal based on a received input bit. The output signals from each multiplying cell combine in phase on the connected output line.

Complex signal synthesis involves combining an in-phase signal with a quadrature signal. The in-phase signal and the quadrature signal are modulated onto RF carrier signals having a ninety degree (90°) phase difference. Complex signals are widely used in modern communication systems because of their increased spectral efficiency over real component signals.
A digital-to-analog (D/A) converter takes a digital input and produces an analog output. D/A converters are especially useful in modern communication systems as microprocessors and other computers operate in the digital domain, but often need to communicate using analog signals. However, conventional D/A converters are limited in output frequency and bandwidth. Conventional D/A converters for complex signals are more than twice the size (and complexity) of D/A converters for non-complex signals.
Additionally, conventional D/A converters for complex signals suffer from false signals generated by the D/A converter process. These unwanted signals are known as image signals or aliased signals. For example, the D/A converter may generate image signals about the RF carrier during the up-conversion process, one signal being desired while the other signal being undesirable. Image frequency errors due to the aliased signals waste power on the unwanted image signal, thereby degrading signal strength of the desired signal and causing interference with other signals at the frequency of the unwanted, alias signal. RF filters can remove the unwanted image signals, but they are large and expensive, particularly for image signals having frequencies near the desired signal.

In-phase and quadrature radio frequency digital-to-analog converter


Semiconductor memory modules and semiconductor memory systems using the same are described herein. The modules divide a conventional DIMM into a series of separate, smaller memory modules. Each memory module includes at least one semiconductor memory chip arranged on a substrate; CAwD signal input lines arranged on the substrate in a first predetermined line number and connecting one of the semiconductor memory chips to CAwD input signal pins on the substrate; and rD signal output lines arranged on the substrate in a second predetermined line number and connecting the one or a last semiconductor memory to a second number of rD output signal pins of the substrate. In a semiconductor memory system including the semiconductor memory modules, each memory module is separately connected to a memory controller by the CAwD signal input lines and the rD signal output lines in a respective point-to-point fashion.

A dual inline memory module (DIMM) includes a specified number of memory chips and I/O lanes scaling with an X86 processor memory interface. Currently, the bus width for DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, and SDR is 64 bits. To supply the required 64 bit bus, typical DIMMs for desktop PCs are 8×8 memory chips.
FIG. 4 shows a prior art dual inline memory module (DIMM) comprising 8×8 memory chips M1-M8. The first seven memory chips M1-M7 may be used for data storage and the last memory chip M8 may be used for ECC bit storage. This conventional DIMM is required to have a 72 bit bus width of the DQ bus which includes write data wD, read data rD, and ECC bit signals from/to a memory controller MC. For example, DDR3-DRAM on a conventional DIMM have a single bidirectional bus for rD and wD. The CA bus transmitting command and address signals CA from the memory controller MC to the DIMM comprises (in this example) 20 lines. Since a normal connector C of the DIMM has a maximum pin count of 240, a differential signalling which a 72×2=144 bit DQ bus 120×2=240 CA bus cannot be realized with the conventional DIMM. One problem for the pin count is that you need a ratio of 2:1:1 signal to power to ground, so one needs to double the pin count compared to just counting the signal pins.
Increasingly, applications are requiring different bus width. Normal servers use 72 bit wide busses to get additional 8 bits for error correction codes (ECC). In addition, high end servers need to combine 2/4 channels to get a 144/288 bit wide data bus to implement more sophisticated error correction algorithms (for example, a chip kill to repair a complete single chip failure). Furthermore, game consoles, mobile applications, network applications, graphic applications and set top boxes can, for example, utilize smaller bus width as they do not need so much memory capacity.
Since high end servers need to combine 2/4 channels to get a 144/288 bit wide data bus to be able to implement a more sophisticated error connection algorithm (e.g. a chip kill to repair a complete single bit failure), there arises the problem that the processor (processor cache) needs a specific amount of memory per need access and that a combination of several channels gives back more data bits per read command that the processor cannot utilize.
Furthermore, modern memory systems increasingly include memory chips (DRAMs) with a single CA bus that is 20 bit wide, so it is difficult to change the bus width for the DIMM. Consequently, the standard 64 bit approach is not practical for different applications, lacking adaptability. In addition, data, command, and address signals of future memory generations will be transmitted as differential signal pairs. This has the disadvantage of necessitating double pin count, (i.e., 128 pins for a 64 bit bus). This is not possible with present DIMMs. Changing to a 32 bit bus with double speed would hold the DQ pin count constant, but the command and address signals cannot be supplied fast enough to all chips in the conventional method. This means that also the command and address signals require a point-to-point signal connection, which adds pin count at the connector of the DIMM for additional DRAM chips. In view of the above, use of a conventional DIMM having a 240 pin connector for providing, e.g., four data lanes plus 1 ECC lane will be difficult to realize. Consequently, it would be desirable to decrease the pin number of a memory module while increasing the flexibility of its use in spite of differential signal supply.


An article that includes: an inorganic oxide substrate having opposing major surfaces; and an optical film structure disposed on a first major surface of the substrate, the optical film structure comprising one or more of a silicon-containing oxide, a silicon-containing nitride and a silicon-containing oxynitride and a physical thickness from about 50 nm to less than 500 nm. The article exhibits a hardness of 8 GPa or greater measured at an indentation depth of about 100 nm or a maximum hardness of 9 GPa or greater measured over an indentation depth range from about 100 nm to about 500 nm, the hardness and the maximum hardness measured by a Berkovich Indenter Hardness Test. Further, the article exhibits a single-side photopic average reflectance that is less than 1%.

The disclosure relates to inorganic oxide articles with thin, durable anti-reflective structures and methods for making the same, and more particularly to articles with thin, multi-layer anti-reflective coatings.
Cover articles are often used to protect devices within electronic products, to provide a user interface for input and/or display, and/or for many other functions. Such products include mobile devices, for example smart phones, smart watches, mp3 players and computer tablets. Cover articles also include architectural articles, transportation articles (e.g., interior and exterior display and non-display articles used in automotive applications, trains, aircraft, sea craft, etc.), appliance articles, or any article that may benefit from some transparency, scratch-resistance, abrasion resistance or a combination thereof. These applications often demand scratch-resistance and strong optical performance characteristics, in terms of maximum light transmittance and minimum reflectance. Furthermore, for some cover applications it is beneficial that the color exhibited or perceived, in reflection and/or transmission, does not change appreciably as the viewing angle is changed. In display applications, this is because, if the color in reflection or transmission changes with viewing angle to an appreciable degree, the user of the product will perceive a change in color or brightness of the display, which can diminish the perceived quality of the display. In other applications, changes in color may negatively impact the aesthetic appearance or other functional aspects of the device.
These display and non-display articles are often used in applications (e.g., mobile devices) with packaging constraints. In particular, many of these applications can significantly benefit from reductions in overall thickness, even reductions of a few percent. In addition, many of the applications that employ such display and non-display articles benefit from low manufacturing cost, e.g., through the minimization of raw material costs, minimization of process complexity and yield improvements. Smaller packaging with optical and mechanical property performance attributes comparable to existing display and non-display articles can also serve the desire for reduced manufacturing cost (e.g., through less raw material costs, through reductions in the number of layers in an anti-reflective structure, etc.).
The optical performance of cover articles can be improved by using various anti-reflective coatings; however, known anti-reflective coatings are susceptible to wear or abrasion. Such abrasion can compromise any optical performance improvements achieved by the anti-reflective coating. For example, optical filters are often made from multilayer coatings having differing refractive indices and made from optically transparent dielectric material (e.g., oxides, nitrides, and fluorides). Most of the typical oxides used for such optical filters are wide band-gap materials, which do not have the requisite mechanical properties, for example hardness, for use in mobile devices, architectural articles, transportation articles or appliance articles. Most nitrides and diamond-like coatings may exhibit high hardness values, which can be correlated to improved abrasion resistance, but such materials do not exhibit the desired transmittance for such applications.
Abrasion damage can include reciprocating sliding contact from counter face objects (e.g., fingers). In addition, abrasion damage can generate heat, which can degrade chemical bonds in the film materials and cause flaking and other types of damage to the cover glass. Since abrasion damage is often experienced over a longer term than the single events that cause scratches, the coating materials disposed experiencing abrasion damage can also oxidize, which further degrades the durability of the coating.
Accordingly, there is a need for new cover articles, and methods for their manufacture, which are abrasion resistant, have acceptable or improved optical performance and thinner optical structures.

Inorganic oxide articles with thin, durable anti-reflective structures


A one-piece garment employing a drop seat panel configured or modified to permit the wearer to have restroom breaks or attend to other individual needs without being required to partially or fully remove the garment is disclosed. The garment creates a horizontal separation at the back waistband that goes from side seam to side seam; vertical separation of the front of the garment from the back of the garment beginning at the waistband and running down both side seams to the desired length. The garment includes a closures to close the vertical separation of the garment from the waistband down each side seam the length of the opening; and closures to attach the back bottom part of the one piece garment to the top back part of the one piece garment in the region where the separation of the garment runs horizontally between the side seams.

1. Field of Use
One piece garments exist for men, women and children for a variety of functional and fashionable uses. For example, in present disclosure pertains generally to one-piece clothing, such as coveralls, overalls, bib overalls, biberalls, personal protective clothing bibs and overalls, athletic bibs, ski bibs, snowsuits, jumpsuits and the like, and more specifically, to this style of clothing configured or modified to permit restroom breaks or attending to other individual needs without being required to partially or fully remove the garment.
When wearing an ordinary one piece garment a person must partially or completely remove the garment to take care of individual needs. The partial or complete removal of the garment is time consuming, difficult, frustrating, embarrassing, and can be a safety and health risk.
2. Background Technology
Jumpsuits are generally regarded as a garment of convenience, as they are simpler to launder, put on and remove than an ensemble outfit. Unless the jumpsuit has a drop seat, however, it is necessary to remove it entirely for bathroom use. Numerous jumpsuit designs have appeared for work and leisure applications. Various designs of jumpsuits have been developed and patented. Several jumpsuits with drop seats have been proposed. For example U.S. Pat. No. 1,537,230 (Godbehere) discloses a jumpsuit having a drop seat secured at its upper edge by a belt.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,941,209 (George) relates to a unitary garment which includes an upper and lower portion. The upper and lower portions of the unitary garment are configured to fit the top and bottom of a human torso respectively. The lower portion further includes a detachable drop-seat panel which is fastened along its side edges toward the front of the unitary garment and in the pocket area. The unitary garment further includes two pockets associated with the lower portion such that the pockets are configured to substantially conceal the fastening means and resulting fastened side edges of the drop-seat panel.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,956,774 (Spaulding) discloses a jumpsuit having a drop seat secured at its upper edge by a belt and; a jumpsuit having a sliding fastener that extends from the inside of one ankle to the inside of the other ankle along the normal inseam of the garment; and a jumpsuit having a sliding fastener that extends along a vertical seam from the neck on front, downward through the crotch region, and then back up to the neck in back.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,994,026 (Sampey) discloses a jumpsuit garment with integral drop seat flap secured at its upper edge by a belt with additional hook and loop fastening behind the belt.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,457,025 (Meryash) discloses a jump suit with a rear drop-seat panel that opens downwardly. The suit has a flexible panel mounted across the inside front portion thereof to define pockets therewith. The panel further extends on either side of the suit to define tapered flaps which overlap around the rear portion of the suit near the waist and under the drop-seat panel when it is raised to the closed position. The overlapped flaps are joined by attaching means such as VELCRO and the drop-seat panel has attaching means thereon such as VELCRO or zippers which engage matching fasteners on proximate portions of the flaps when the panel is closed over the flaps. The overlapped flaps supplement the strength of the jump suit and enhance the fit thereof and reduce draftiness at the seams of the drop-seat panel. Meryash discloses a jumpsuit with drop seat in which underflaps overlap inside the drop seat flap to enhance the fit of the jumpsuit and to reinforce the jumpsuit in this area with the drop seat panel up or down and also prevent the suit from being "drafty" or open at the panel edges when the drop seat panel is raised in the closed position.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,896,581 (Wong) discloses a unitary garment with a modified and improved drop-seat which is not overtly detectable by the casual observer. The rear portion of the garment is constructed with two plies of fabric. The inner ply contains a teardrop-shaped aperture (Wong 12) bounded by elastic around the perimeter. The outer ply incorporates a trapezoidal-shaped lappet (Wong 20) with elasticized sides. The combination of these two innovations enables a heretofore unachievable style line which closely conforms to body contours. Due to the elastic tension around the perimeter the aperture is relatively static in relation to the buttocks and upper thigh thereby allowing the wearer freedom of movement during toilet and personal hygiene activities without fear of inadvertently wetting or soiling the garment. Multiple styling embodiments are possible (e.g., jumpsuit, culottes, shorts, formal-, casual-, sports-wear, et al).
U.S. Pat. No. 5,473,780 (Zen) discloses a one-piece body suit (cat suit or jump suit or romper) that has a rear drop-seat portion. That portion is formed with a central panel and two opposite triangular panels extending therefrom which cross each other at the front of the garment. Fastener ends at the ends of the triangular panels are removably fastened at the back of the wearer.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,941,584 (Matthews) discloses a jump suit having features effective for both male and female users that includes a central zippered opening extends downward from waistband along the crotch between left and right pants legs. A main zipper controlled by a pair of keepers and opens and closes the opening, which extends from the waistband in front to an upper end in the back located slightly above the waistband. This enables opening over the hips when a user is relieving himself. A large lapel on the front of the garment is movable by being folded from a first position where the lapel extends outward to one shoulder without crossing the center to a second position where the lapel extends toward the other shoulder and covers strip of a central vertical vent. Several vents and covering strips removably controlled by zippers are provided around the periphery of a main back panel.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,163,182 (Fiveash) discloses a jumpsuit with a dropseat panel concealed by a folded pocket panel. When the dropseat is opened, the upper free edge of the pocket has a length selected such that it controls movement of the dropseat panel and its attached waistband, maintaining the waistband in contact with the wearer's body whereby the waistband cannot fall into a toilet.

Easy access individual needs one piece garment


A portable scalable performance monitoring system is provided for monitoring the performance of one or more data processing systems in real time. The portable scalable performance monitoring system may include data capture and control mechanisms such as data sampling, data selection, data buffering, and data communication to facilitate the monitoring of the one or more data processing systems in real or near real time. Furthermore, the portable scalable performance monitoring system may include multiple levels of data collection and control to increase scalability.

The present invention is related to the field of data processing systems, and more particularly, to performance monitoring of data processing systems.
The term "performance monitoring" refers to monitoring the performance of various system components within a data processing system, preferably while the data processing system is operating under normal operating conditions. Performance monitoring can be an important factor in the operation, analysis and maintenance of many of today's complex computer systems.
In the past several decades, the demand on computer systems has steadily increased. Today's software packages require much more processing power and storage capacity than those produced just a few years ago. In addition, many more people are using computers to do tasks that were traditionally done using other means. Because computer systems remain relatively expensive to purchase and maintain, many end users are operating their computer systems at a much higher capacity than in the past. This increased demand results in a higher probability that performance issues will occur in a given system.
Many factors may reduce the optimal performance of a computer system. For example, there may be a bottleneck at the input/output interface causing the Central Processing Unit (CPU) to become idle a substantial portion of time waiting for data. In another example, the users of a system may routinely execute a particular computer program. If the system is not configured properly, the system may need to load the computer program from an external disk into internal memory each time the program is executed, thereby unnecessarily slowing down system performance. In this example, system performance could be increased by recognizing that this is occurring, preferably by using one or more performance monitoring techniques, and changing the system's configuration to keep the particular computer program in the computer's internal memory during peak usage periods. In yet another example, there may not be enough internal memory within the computer system to store all of the computer programs that are to be simultaneously executed by the users. This can result in memory transfers, such as "disk swapping", which occur when internal memory limitations require a computer program or the resulting data from the computer program to be loaded and unloaded from an external storage, such as disk, each time a process or thread becomes active. Disk swapping can especially be a problem in multi-user systems and systems that use re-entrant computer programs, for example.
The above examples are given only to illustrate the desire for performance monitoring techniques within a computer system and are not intended as an exhaustive list. It is recognized that many other performance inhibitors exist in modern computer systems and that many of them may be detected by using performance monitoring techniques.
Another, motivation for monitoring the performance of a computer system is to debug a particular system during system development or to debug a particular software program during software development. Often it is unknown where the bottlenecks are likely to occur within a computer system or software program that is under development. Performance monitoring techniques can be used to produce data that can be analyzed to provide computer designers and software developers insight into where future bottlenecks or problems may occur.
Performance monitoring of today's computer systems is typically provided by using off-the-shelf software packages. Examples of such off-the-shelf performance monitoring software packages include: CMF baseline; the Torch program available from Datametrics; the SIP Database written by Structural Metals Inc. and available through the USE Program Library Interchange (UPLI); the ALICE module of the SYSTAR products; and the Online System Activity Monitor (OSAM) available from TeamQuest. These software packages are typically executed on a single computer and generate performance data based on a number of pre-selected factors. One such method is discussed in "Getting Started in 1100/2200 Performance Monitoring", by George Gray, UNISPHERE Magazine, November 1993.
These off-the-shelf software packages may prove to be useful for some users, but they are not ideal solutions for others. Problems that exist with many of these software packages include: (1) only the performance parameters selected by the software developer are available to the user; (2) the software packages are typically only available for standard computer systems and therefore cannot be used during the development stage of a computer system or on less known computer systems without independent development of the performance monitoring software; (3) the software packages are typically run concurrently with and on the same CPU as the user software and therefore may slow down systems performance while the performance monitoring software is executed; and (4) only hardware that is accessible by the software package, like CPU activity and I/O requests, can be monitored.
Problems (1) and (2) listed above may be minimized by having the user write a customized performance monitoring software package for the user's system. However, a significant investment in resources is often required to develop such a program. Problems (3) and (4) listed above cannot typically be eliminated by having the user write a customized software package for several reasons. First, only the nodes within the computer system that are accessible to the performance monitoring software can be monitored. This limitation is a result of having the performance monitoring strategy determined after the computer hardware is designed. Many nodes within a computer system are neither controllable nor observable via software. Second, the performance monitor software is often run on the same CPU as the user programs, and therefore may affect the performance of the system in which the software is attempting to measure. This may degrade the overall accuracy of the results obtained by the performance monitoring software packages.

Performance monitor for data processing systems


A toothbrush assembly comprises a toothbrush, a storage unit comprising an input, a memory for storing audio signals received via the input, and an output for transmitting or playing the stored audio signals. A variety of different embodiments of storage unit and toothbrush configurations are described, each creating an environment that makes tooth brushing enjoyable so that children and teenagers in particular will brush as often as they should and for the recommended period of time

Statistics show that a small percentage of the population in any country brushes one's teeth for the dentist recommended time of two minutes. This can be especially true of younger children and teenagers. Also, tooth brushing is seen as a mundane duty with few pleasurable aspects. Accordingly, there is a need to create an environment that makes tooth brushing enjoyable so that children and teenagers in particular will brush as often as they should and for the recommended period of time.


An operation control function, a system control function and a network control function of a facsimile device are incorporated in one printed circuit board, and a substantially entire area of an upper portion of the device is allotted for the area to accommodate the one printed circuit board. The entire upper portion of the device is pivotable between an open position and a closed position and separated by a sheet feed path when the upper unit is in the open position.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a facsimile device equipped with a printed circuit board having major functions on an upper cover.
2. Related Background Art
A conventional facsimile device is constructed as shown in FIG. 1, as taught by U.S. Pat. No. 4,768,100.
A document sheet 102 mounted on a document sheet table 101 is fed from the right to the left in FIG. 1 by rollers 103, 104, 105 and 106 of the document sheet feeding means.
In the course of feed 107, the document sheet is illuminated by a light from a light source 108, and a reflected light is directed to mirrors 109 and 110, passes through a lens 111, is focused onto a photoelectric conversion element 112 such as a charge coupled device (CCD), and is converted to an electrical signal. Arranged above the document sheet feed means 103-106 is a printed circuit board which controls the function of operation (hereinafter referred to as OP CNT board), switching means is arranged thereon to permit external entry by an operator.
An upper half of the document sheet feed means 103-106 is accomodated in an operation panel unit which is operable around 114 in a direction of arrow A. Thus, when the document sheet jams, it can be readily removed by exposing the feed path.
A roll-shaped thermal record sheet 115 is located as shown at the center of the drawing, and printing is done thereon by cooperation of a thermal head 116 arranged below the document sheet table and a platen roller 117. The record sheet is fed out in a direction of arrow B.
Numeral 118 denotes a power supply, numeral 119 denotes a system control printed circuit board (SCNT board), and numeral 120 denotes a network control unit (NCU board) used for the connection with a telephone line. Power lines and signal lines (not shown) extend between the OP CNT board 113 and the SCNT board 119 and between the NCU board 120 and the SCNT board 119.
FIG. 2 shows another prior art facsimile device with a telephone set, which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-13356.
When a document sheet 131 is inserted to reach a feed roller 132, the feeding is started. An image is read by an image sensor 133 while the document sheet is pressed and fed in a direction of arrow C by a platen roller 134. An operation panel unit 135 is arranged above the document sheet feed means and an OP CNT board 136 is accomodated therein.
On the other hand, printing is made on a roll-shaped thermal record sheet 137 by cooperation of a thermal head 138 and a platen roller 139, and the record sheet is fed out of the device in a direction of arrow D. Numeral 140 denotes a power supply, numeral 141 denotes a board which includes a combination of the SCNT board 119 and the NCU board 120, and numeral 142 denotes a telephone circuit board which controls a speech network. Power lines and signal lines extend between the OP CNT board 136 and the SCNT board 119 and between the telephone circuit board and the SCNT board 119.
In the above-described prior art facsimile devices, the OP CNT 136 is located at the top due to necessity of operation, but other boards, SCNT 119, NCU 120 and the telephone circuit are distributedly arranged. Accordingly, harnessing is required to interconnect the boards.
The harnessing includes the following problems.
1 A space to arrange the harness is required.
2 Because the harnessing is done through clearances between mechanical units, a careful safety procedure is required to prevent touching a movable part of the mechanical units and a sharp edge. This lowers freedom of design of the mechanical units and imports various restrictions.
3 A connector to receive the harness is required on each of the boards. This is disadvantageous from a space-cost standpoint.
4 Where the OP CNT board 113 is mounted on the pivotable unit as shown in FIG. 1, the harness must pass through the center of pivot or some slack must be given to the harness. Further, a mechanism to prevent the harness from being bitten when the pivotable unit is opened and closed is required.
5 The more the number of harnesses in the device is and the longer the harness is, the more electromagnetic disturbances (EMI) occur. As a regulations on EMI are becoming more sever in these years, the countermeasurement therefor is difficult to attain and requires more cost.
6 The more the number of harnesses in the device is, the more trouble occurs with respect to productivity and quality. Accordingly, the reduction of harnesses is desirable.
The above problems relating to the harness may be solved if the respective boards are accomodated in one printed circuit board, but there are many restrictions which make it difficult to accomodate them in one board. Namely, the operation control function must be arranged at the top of the device because of its close relation with the operation panel, there is no sufficient space at the top of the device to accomodate one large printed circuit board, and a reader unit, a document sheet feed path, a record unit and a record sheet feed path are to be arranged to facilitate a process when the sheet jams.
Accordingly, in the prior art facsimile device, it is difficult to accommodate all boards in one printed circuit board, as a result, the problems relating to harnessing arise.


A zinc-rich water-based paint blends a binder and a chelating agent in a zinc slurry. The zinc slurry is blended in an amount of 61.7% by weigh. A potassium as the binder is blended in an amount of 30.0% by weight. A blending quantity of an ion exchange water is decreased as a blending quantity of EDTA-4K as the chelating agent is increased such as 0.2, 0.4, 0.7, 1.4 and 2.4% by weigh as, so that a total quantity becomes 100%.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a zinc-rich water-based paint that is used for a painting or coating, while mixing zinc powders with an alkali silicate as a binder before use or while mixing a binder in a previously prepared zinc powder containing slurry.
2. Description of the Related Art
Paints or coatings utilizing a sacrificial corrosion protection of a zinc to an iron are widely used as zinc-rich paints. However, most of them contain an organic solvent, so that there is a problem that they have a bad influence on the environment. On the other hand, there is a problem in an organic solvent free zinc-rich water-based paint that it produces hydrogen gas by a mixture of the zinc and a water or that it is inferior in a rust preservation capability. A zinc-rich paint containing a chromic acid as a binder is also widely used. However, there is also a problem that it has a bad influence on the environment since it contains the chromic acid.
In view of such situation, the inventor of the present invention has invented a process of obtaining a zinc-rich water-based paint and filed a patent application therefor in Japan as Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-304863. In the invention, an ion-exchange water is added to a solution of an alkali silicate so as to hydrolyze it and lower a polymerization degree thereof. Then, zinc powders are mixed in the solution. Thus, a dense coating of a silica is formed on a surface of a zinc powder, thereby preventing contact of the zinc and the water. Consequently, the zinc powders are given high stability in water. As a result, a zinc powder containing slurry is obtained at low costs, while being given the high stability. A lithium silicate is mixed as a binder in the slurry and their mixture is stirred, so that a zinc-rich water-based paint is prepared. The Japanese Patent Application has been laid open by Japanese Patent Office on Jan. 8, 2004, as Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-2637. That is, the publication date of 2004-2637 is later than a priority date of the present patent application, Nov. 25, 2003. Thus, the publication 2004-2637 is not a prior art of the present application. Still, the publication 2004-2367 is cited herein since it discloses contents relating to the present invention.
If the lithium silicate is used as the binder, a stable zinc-rich water-based paint is obtained. However, the lithium silicate is expensive and is inferior in adhesive property. Therefore, a potassium silicate or a sodium silicate has been used instead of the lithium silicate since it is inexpensive and superior in the adhesive property. Still, zinc ions are dissolved in a zinc-rich water-based paint using the potassium silicate or the sodium silicate as the binder after mixing. Such dissolved zinc ions act as a gelling agent of the alkali silicate. Consequently, there is a problem that the stability of the paint and a coating property thereof go down over time.


An exercise apparatus may include a frame. A crank system may be coupled to the frame. A brake/inertia device may be coupled to the crank system. A pivotal linkage pendulum system may be coupled to the crank system. The pivotal linkage pendulum system may include one or more link members. An upper pivot point of at least one of the link members may be coupled to the crank system. In some embodiments, the upper pivot point of the at least one of the link members may be coupled to the crank system through a movable member. The upper pivot point may move in a back and forth path of motion or in a closed path motion. A foot member may be coupled to one or more of the link members. The foot member may include a footpad.

Exercise devices have been in use for years. Some typical exercise devices that simulate walking, jogging, or climbing include cross country ski machines, stair climbing machines, elliptical motion machines, and pendulum motion machines.
In many exercise apparatus, the user's foot is constrained during exercise to patterns that may not accurately represent the typical path and/or position of a foot during walking and/or jogging. For example, cross country ski machines may not allow a user to lift the front of his/her foot above a flat plane defined by the top of the pedal or footpad. Elliptical machines may provide inertia that assists in changing directions of the foot pedals, which may make the exercise smoother and more comfortable. Elliptical machines may, however, constrain a user's foot to the mechanically defined elliptical path of the footpads or foot pedals. The elliptical path may be too long for shorter users or too short for taller users. Thus, an elliptical apparatus may not accommodate a variety of users. In addition, a jogging stride is longer than a walking stride so a fixed stride length apparatus may not optimally simulate several different types of exercise activities.
Pendulum motion exercise apparatus may allow variable stride length. The user's feet, however, may be constrained to follow the same arcuate path in both forward and rearward motion. Such motion may not accurately simulate a walking, striding, jogging, or climbing motion. Certain pendulum motion exercise apparatus may have a fixed pendulum length. A fixed pendulum length may not allow for foot lift or vertical amplitude in the motion of the foot, and thus, may not provide naturally accommodating foot motion. Other pendulum motion exercise apparatus may have relatively short pendulum lengths that may not properly accommodate the path of motion of the foot or legs of the human body.


A mobile communication terminal to provide a widget expansion function using a message communication, and an operation method of the mobile communication terminal is provided. The method includes a configuration of generating an additional function expansion message based on expansion of an additional function of a widget, and transmitting the generated additional function expansion message. The method also includes a configuration of expanding the additional function of the widget by receiving the additional function expansion message, by determining an application programming interface (API) library with respect to the expansion of the additional function, and by calling the determined API library.

1. Field
The following description relates to a mobile communication terminal to provide a widget expansion function using a message communication, and an operation method of the mobile communication terminal.
2.Description of Related Art
Currently, with rapid development of a mobile communication terminal such as a smart phone and the like, an activation of a local service may be expected.
FIG. 1 illustrates a communication system 100 using an existing mobile communication terminal 110.
The communication system 100 may provide a local service such as, for example, a guide service, a reservation service, and a commercial transaction service, using a mobile phone based on user information. The user information may be a provider location in a predetermined region such as, for example, a school, a hospital, a shopping mall, a theme park, a gasoline station, and the like.
For the local service, the mobile communication terminal 110 may download a variety of mobile applications from a local service server 120 operated by a provider, and provide a service.
A downloadable mobile application may be classified into a native application scheme and a mobile web scheme. The native application may employ application programming interface (API) supported by a specific platform. The native application scheme may readily and quickly perform a system optimization including a user interface and support offline connection. The mobile web scheme may support a variety of devices in a multi-platform. Accordingly, an appropriate selection of the native application or mobile web scheme may be used depending on a necessity.
In the case of using the local service, when a service is provided using mobile web widgets, a user may readily access the service and use the service without being aware of a server address.
A drawback of an existing web widget is that it may not control a quick screen switch and hardware, like a game, and may be available only when a network is connected. The web scheme may create an application using a script including a Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), cascading style sheets (CSS), and JavaScript.
A manufacturing company provides a device API suggested in a standard interface, and a browser or a widget engine expands a function of the device API using a plug-in. When the function is expanded, the device API may be used. A standard JavaScript API may not directly control hardware and thus, the function of the browser or the widget engine may be expanded by defining a new JavaScript API using a native language such as, for example, C/C++.
With codes defined using the native language, a widget's JavaScript may be expanded in the widget engine using a static scheme and a plug-in scheme. In the case of a variety of mobile devices using the same platform, a device function may be used in combination with a plug-in. When the plug-in scheme is employed by a JavaScript API expanded in the browser or the widget engine, the device API may be directly called using a combined native code.
FIG. 2 illustrates a process of calling an existing device API.
An expansion of an additional function of a widget in an existing mobile communication terminal 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 2.
The mobile communication terminal 200 using an existing web scheme may use a function expansion module for each widget W1, W2, and W3 210 using a widget platform 220.
Since an API library used for widgets W1, W2, and W3 210 is called from a device API 230 via a web plug-in 221, a development may be complex and a security may be vulnerable. In addition, since each of the widgets W1, W2, and W3 210 may not use a native language, an error occurrence probability may be significantly high.

Mobile communication terminal to provide widget expansion function using message communication, and operation method of the mobile communication terminal


A light up control system board, including a system board which includes: a main control module, a control transfer module and a voltage generation module; the main control module outputs a plurality of voltage generation signals so as to control the voltage generation module to determine a voltage value of a corresponding light up voltage; by means of the control transfer module, generating enabling signals corresponding to each voltage generating signal and outputting the same to the voltage generating module; the enabling signals starting power up in the system board, and having invalid potential during a time duration used until power up is complete; the voltage generation module being output-free under the control of the invalid potential of the enabling signals, and outputting a light up voltage to a display panel under the control of a valid potential of the enabling signals.

In the process of production and preparation for a display panel, a light-on test on the display panel is generally performed by a light-on test device, so as to inspect whether the display panel has a dead pixel (for example, a bright pixel or a dark pixel), and the light-on test device usually works under the control of a light-on control system board.

Light up control system board, detection method, and light up detection device

CHENGDU BOE OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.