Disclosed herein is a method for determining a security classification for data that includes generating a classification signature for data based on a semantic interpretation of the data. The classification signature is associated with a security classification for the data. The method also includes comparing the generated classification signature to a predetermined classification signature associated with the security classification. Further, the method includes verifying the generated classification signature matches the predetermined classification signature.

Information systems with multi-level security architecture models can leverage security compartments to further segregate and protect sensitive information. A user or system may have access to sensitive data on one or more compartments based on a "need to know" basis. When a user no longer needs to know the sensitive data in a security compartment, the user's access to the data should be removed; however, some users may mistakenly retain their access privileges and accumulate access to various security compartments. Users with multiple access privileges to multiple security compartments may be able to aggregate information of a compartment to which they do not have access. Moreover, users may store data in security compartments that do not match the security level of the data. Thus, misclassified data may be stored in a compartment that is accessible to a user, and/or sent to a user, who does not have clearance to view the data. Moreover, misclassified data may transit various information systems and networks that may not comply with the data's security classification.

Semantically determining a security classification of data


A data protection system is provided that allows applications to access protected data in a way that restricts applications from outputting to unauthorized targets any unprotected data derived from the protected data and that ensures that the applications do not have access to a key that allows access to the unprotected data. The data protection system provides a policy server that may execute on a service node of a high performance computing system and a data encryption process that may execute on each compute node that is allocated to an application or batch job. The policy server maintains policies of entities specifying access control for protected data. The data encryption process generates a secure execution environment for an application process and interfaces with the policy server to retrieve keys for decrypting protected data in accordance with a policy, and it decrypts and provides the decrypted data to the application process.

High-performance data center may have tens of thousands of nodes connected via a communications channel. The nodes may be organized into high-performance computing ("HPC") systems, also referred to as clusters, that are identified by a cluster or machine name. Each node may include one or more processors (e.g., an AMD Opteron processor), memory (e.g., between 1-8 gigabytes), and a communications interface to connect the nodes to the communications channel. The communications channel may have routing tables specifying how to route incoming packets from a source node to a destination node. The nodes of an HPC system may be designated as service nodes or compute nodes. Compute nodes are primarily used to perform computations and may not have any persistent file storage. A service node may provide operating system and programming environment services (e.g., file system services, external I/O, compilation, editing, etc.) to application programs executing on the compute nodes and to users logged in to the service nodes. The service nodes may include file servers, a batch system, I/O services, and so on. Since compute nodes may not have local file storage, the compute node may interface via the communications channel with a file server service node for persistent file storage.
A batch system may be responsible for managing the execution of batch programs ("jobs") by the compute nodes of a cluster. A batch job may be used to perform complex computational tasks, such as sophisticated simulations and/or data analyses, and may operate on very large datasets with millions or billions of records. To effectively support such computational tasks, a batch job may need to execute in parallel on a set of compute nodes that may include hundreds or even thousands of compute nodes assigned from the cluster. To submit a batch job for execution, a user may sign on to the batch system and submit a batch job request that identifies one or more job scripts that specify the executable code that is to execute and that identify parameters for execution of the batch job, such as the number of compute nodes to be allocated to the batch job, the expected execution time and maximum execution time of the batch job, priority of the batch job, and so on. The batch system queues the submitted batch jobs and then schedules execution of the batch jobs based on various factors such as availability of compute nodes, priorities of the batch jobs, expected execution time, and so on. To launch a batch job, the batch system allocates a set of the specified number of computer nodes and distributes the job scripts to components of the batch system that execute on the compute nodes. The component at a compute node reads the job script and launches execution of the executable code specified by the job script. The batch system may also terminate a batch job for various reasons, such as the execution time having exceeded the maximum execution time. In a large HPC system, many unrelated batch jobs may be executing simultaneously on separate portions of the cluster, but the batch system may allow each compute node to execute only one batch job at a time. For example, in an HPC system with 3000 compute nodes, a set of 1000 compute nodes may be allocated to one batch job, and a set of 2000 different compute nodes may be allocated to another batch job.
Because an HPC system may execute many different types of batch jobs for different entities (e.g., organizations and users), the HPC system needs to ensure that data of one entity cannot be accessed by another entity. When a batch job executes, it typically executes with the access control permissions associated with the user who submitted the job request. For example, if a user has read/write access to certain data stored at a file server, then a batch job submitted by that user would also have read/write access to that data. Many data application domains have special data handling requirements such as stringent access control, protection, logging, and auditing for sensitive data. For example, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ("HIPAA") of the United States requires special data handling of the protected health information ("PHI") of patients. As another example, organizations may require special data handling of their proprietary data. Some special data handling requirements may be that data is to be encrypted when at rest (e.g., stored on disk or tape) and when in transit (e.g., while being transferred over a communications channel). Other special handling requirements may be that wherever data is decrypted or encrypted, memory needs to be wiped and caches emptied upon completion and the encryption/decryption keys need to be securely managed.
Typical encryption/decryption techniques for protecting data result in two possible protection states for protected data for each user: (1) the data is encrypted and not usable by the user or (2) the data is decrypted and completely usable by the user. Access to the decryption keys is controlled by authenticating a user via a password known to the user or via a certificate issued to the user. When a user gains access to the decryption key for data, the user can decrypt the protected data and do virtually anything the user wants with the protected data, including sending a copy of the decrypted data to an unauthorized user. If the sending of decrypted data is somehow prevented by the access control mechanism, the user may still be able to send a copy of the encrypted data to the unauthorized user and provide the decryption key to the unauthorized user (e.g., via handing over a handwritten paper with the key).
These encryption/decryption techniques have several problems. First, if the user is authenticated, then the user is completely trusted and can do virtually anything with the decrypted data. Second, since the user is not typically connected when a batch job is executed, the user cannot provide their password. Thus, the batch job needs access to the user's certificate, which presents a security vulnerability. Third, the techniques typically provide no mechanism to prevent a batch job from sending to unauthorized users the decryption keys that the batch job needs to decrypt data or even the decrypted data itself. Fourth, the techniques do not provide a full audit trail of which batch jobs or executable code accessed which protected data. Fifth, the techniques do not provide a record of the provenance of output data (e.g., which executable code run by which user operated on which input data to generate that output data).

Accessing protected data by a high-performance computing cluster

Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC


An electrophoresis device includes a mounted reference capillary and a focused optical system. A 2D image of light containing autofluorescence and a 2D image of Raman-scattered light are obtained from the separation medium, and pattern data for autofluorescence and Raman-scattered light are obtained from these. An electrophoresis capillary is mounted in the electrophoresis device, pattern data for autofluorescence and Raman-scattered light is obtained in the same way at each of multiple different focal positions of the optical system, and the focal position of the optical system that best matches that of the reference capillary is used as the in-focus position.

An electrophoresis device is used to perform separation analysis of proteins, peptides, sugars, etc., and serves a particularly important role in the analysis of DNA base sequences.
In a capillary electrophoresis device, a fluoresceinated sample is introduced into a capillary filled with a separation medium and voltage is applied between either ends of the capillary, causing the sample to migrate, in the process, separating the components of the sample. The detector performs detection by irradiating the capillary's detection site with excitation light and diffracting the resultant fluorescence by means of a diffraction element.
The detecting optical system in the detector is adjusted using a reference capillary so that the focus matches the detection site.

Capillary electrophoresis device and focal position adjustment method for the same


A back plate arranged at a back surface of a flexible display of a flexible display terminal is provided. The back plate may include a substrate with divided regions having similar displacements, so that when the flexible display is deformed, a plurality of divided plates are formed. A connected part formed of a flexible material may connect the divided plates with each other, and may be deformable in response deformation of the flexible display.

1. Field
This relates to a back plate that is able to be distorted or bent, corresponding to bending or distortion of a flexible display, and a flexible display terminal including the same.
2. Background
Recently, displays have been developed that are flexible in response to an external force, and studies on application of such flexible displays to display devices have been actively in progress. Such flexible displays may be adapted as displays for display terminals having improved portability and mobility.
Generally, terminals can be classified into mobile terminals and stationary terminals. In addition, mobile terminals can be further classified into handheld terminals and vehicle mount terminals.
A mobile terminal is a device which may be configured to perform various functions such as data and voice communications, capturing images and video via a camera, recording audio, playing music files and outputting music via a speaker system, and displaying images and video on a display.
In an effort to increase functionality of mobile terminals, software and hardware improvements, as well as changes and improvements in the structural components, may be considered for the mobile terminal.

Back plate of flexible display and flexible display terminal having the same


A mirror attachment structure for an image-reading apparatus that includes a carriage for mounting a light source for illuminating a document and a photoelectric conversion device for receiving light from the document includes a reinforcement sheet metal member. The reinforcement sheet metal member includes first and second sections that do not lie in the same plane and a mirror that is fixed to one of the sections. The carriage supports the reinforcement sheet metal member. The reinforcement sheet metal member may be formed into a proper shape by bending. The mirror may be directly bonded to the reinforcement sheet metal member, mounted on a support attached to the reinforcement sheet metal member, or formed directly on the reinforcement sheet metal member by evaporating aluminum onto the reinforcement sheet metal member.

Some image readers (i.e., scanners) are made to move an optical unit that includes a light source, a photoelectric conversion device, and optical elements such as lenses and mirrors along a manuscript to form an optical path for guiding the reflected light from the manuscript to the photoelectric conversion device to obtain image data of the manuscript. The optical unit is integrated into a carriage, and a driving mechanism for moving the carriage, such as a driving or timing belt, is coupled with the carriage and is moved back and forth by rotation of a driving motor. A guide rod extends in the direction of the longer side of the carriage in order to guide the movement of the carriage.
The basic concept of attaching a mirror to a mount or carriage is disclosed in prior art patents, such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,918,806, 3,936,179 and 4,073,584.
Prior art FIGS. 7 and 8 show a traditional structure for attaching a mirror to an elongated carriage, with FIG. 7 being a vertical cross-sectional view and FIG. 8 being an exploded, oblique view. In the central section of the carriage 1, an elongated light source 2 is integrated in such a manner that the light source 2 illuminates a manuscript mounted on a platen glass 3 arranged above the carriage 1. The light from the light source 2 is condensed to a line above the upper surface.
An elongated strip-shaped, first mirror 4 is arranged in the vicinity of the light source 2 in order to receive light reflected from the manuscript. The first mirror 4 has a length that accepts light from the entire width of the manuscript. The light from the manuscript is incident onto the first mirror at angles which are substantially 45 degrees to the normal to the mirror 4 surface. Thus, the light after reflection from the mirror 4 travels substantially horizontally to a rod lens array 5 that is arranged at the front of the first mirror 4. The rod lens array 5 is formed of rod-shaped lenses arranged in parallel, wherein light rays reflected from the first mirror 4 enter a first end of the rod lenses, pass through the rod lenses, and exit after being appropriately converged.
An elongated second mirror 6 is provided at the second end of the rod lens array 5. The second mirror 6 is made in a strip shape and the reflection surface is inclined substantially 45 degrees to the horizontal so that the light rays traveling horizontally from the rod lens array 5 are reflected vertically downward. The photoelectric conversion device 7 is arranged underneath the second mirror 6. In the photoelectric conversion device, an appropriate number of photoelectric conversion units are arranged in parallel so that the reflected light rays from virtually the entire reflection surface of the second mirror 6 may be intercepted. The optical unit, including the light source 2, the first mirror 4, the rod lens array 5, the second mirror 6 and the photoelectric conversion device 7, is housed in a unit holder 1 a formed in an appropriate recessed area in the carriage 1. The photoelectric conversion device 7 is integrated in a sensor substrate 8.
In appropriate locations in the carriage 1, elongated reinforcement sheet metal members 9a and 9b are attached to increase the rigidity of the carriage 1. Covers 1b and 1c are placed over the carriage 1 that houses the optical unit. On both sides of the carriage 1 are attached covers 1e, 1e which interlock with a guide rod (not shown) that is provided in the casing of the carriage 1 in order to guide the movement of the carriage 1. A recessed area 1d is formed, as shown in FIG. 7, at one end of the carriage 1 in order to provide passage for an electrical harness 10.
In the conventional mirror attachment structure described above, the following problems may occur because the strip-shaped mirrors 4 and 6 are made to be attached on mirror table components 4a and 6a formed inside the unit holder 1a of the carriage 1, as seen in FIG. 7. Because the mirrors 4 and 6 are very thin, they must be handled with care, and careless handling during installation may result in breakage. Mirrors 4 and 6 are attached to the mirror table components 4a and 6a, respectively, with two-sided adhesive tape. The two-sided adhesive tape is placed on the reverse side of the mirrors 4 and 6 at appropriate intervals, and is adhered to the mirror table components 4a and 6a. Empty spaces are formed between the back surface of the mirrors 4 and 6 and the mirror table components 4a and 6a where there is no two-sided adhesive tape applied. Carelessly pressing on these areas may result in breakage of the mirrors 4 and 6.
The mirrors 4 and 6 have a length that is longer than their width, which may prevent light rays from striking the mirrors unless they are adequately extended in a predetermined direction. In addition, because of the use of two-sided adhesive tape, the mirror is easily shifted in position. Peeling-off the adhesive tape to correct for the shift may also result in breakage of the mirrors 4 and 6.
After attachment, the mirrors 4 and 6 must be inspected to assure that the mirror is facing in the predetermined direction, but because the mirrors 4 and 6 are narrow, it is difficult to inspect the entire mirrors 4 and 6 prior to and during installation. This makes mass production difficult. Inspection is performed by obtaining chart image data that is available only after the product has been assembled. Discovery of defective products at this point results in a lower yield of acceptable products.

Mirror attachment structure for image-reading apparatus


A shelf lamp includes a clamp mount, which includes two clamp arms being pivotally connected by incorporating with an elastic element, and an illuminating unit. Each of the clamp arms includes at least a connection portion for providing the illuminating unit to connect thereon. The illuminating unit includes a harness element extended from one end thereof for harnessing onto the connection portion. The harness element is of a shape corresponding to the shape of the connection portion. The illuminating direction can thus be changed by changing the connection portion that the illuminating unit is harness on.

The present invention relates generally to a shelf lamp, and more particularly to a shelf lamp that can change the illuminating direction and position according to the customized assembly of the clamp mount and the illuminating unit thereof, thereby achieving a better mobility and accessibility of the illuminating directions. In addition, the assembly and operation of the shelf lamp of the present invention do not require any tool accompanying the shelf lamp of the present invention, the storage space and the manufacturing cost of which is thus reduced.
Conventional shelf lamps, especially bookshelf lamps, are installed and securely fastened to predetermined positions on the shelf. Referring to FIG. 8, a conventional shelf lamp 1 is illustrated. The shelf lamp 1 includes a lamp cover 11, a lamp rod 12, and a clamp 13. The clamp 13 includes an upper clamp piece 131 and a lower clamp piece 132, which are pivotally connected via an ear piece incorporating with an elastic element (not shown). A pipe pillar is disposed on the upper clamp piece 131 for connecting the lamp rod 12 therewith. The lamp rod 12 is a snake neck pipe, which connects with the lamp cover 11 at the other end thereof. In this manner, the shelf lamp 1 can be securely fastened onto a holding position, such as the shelf wall or a desk side, by using the clamp 13, and changing the illuminating direction and angle by employing the lamp rod 12. However, the illuminating unit and the lamp cover 11 of the conventional shelf lamp 1 described above are disposed above the clamp 13, the illuminating directions are mostly limited to around the neighborhood of the holding position where the clamp 13 is fastened onto. Although the illuminating angles can be adjusted by using the lamp rod 12, the adjustable angles and directions are largely restricted. Furthermore, the conventional shelf lamp 1 can not illuminate the dead corners of the bookshelf and/or the bottom of the desk. Even worse, the conventional shelf lamp 1 is assembled into one entity, while the turning angle of the lamp rod 12 is strictly limited, the overall storage volume of the conventional shelf lamp can not be reduced further during transportation. Therefore, there is no way to bring down the cost for transportation and storage.
Although various other shelf lamps are disclosed in the published Taiwanese New Utility Model Patent No. 563788, 500210, 497687, 356913, 200930, 121433 and 103883, all the shelf lamps are provided without deviating from the conventional single entity shelf lamp structure that include a lamp cover 11, a lamp rod 12 and a clamp 13. Only the joint or the bottom mount are improved, which can not solve the problem of limited illuminating directions, angles and positions. Moreover, the problem in the reduction of cost for transportation and storage is also untouched.


A vehicle steering system is provided which includes a variable angle ratio mechanism for changing an angle ratio of a steering angle of a steering member to a turning angle of a steering mechanism, the variable angle ratio mechanism including a first sun gear connected to a steering column, a second sun gear connected to the steering mechanism, and planetary gears each having a first toothed portion and a second toothed portion which are adapted to mesh with the first and second sun gears respectively, and are arranged to be spaced apart from each other in a tooth face width direction, the first toothed portion and the second toothed portion being formed integrally through forging.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a vehicle steering system including a angle variable mechanism for changing an angle ratio of a steering angle of a steering member to a turning angle of a steering mechanism for turning left and right steered wheels.
2. Related Art
A variable angle ratio mechanism included in a vehicle steering system is made up of a first sun gear which is connected to a steering member such as a steering wheel, a second sun gear which is disposed coaxially with the first sun gear and is connected to a steering mechanism, a first planetary gear which meshes with the first sun gear, a second planetary gear which meshes with the second sun gear and rotates together with the first planetary gear, a carrier which supports the first and second planetary gears in such a manner as to freely rotate about their own axes and revolve around the sun gears, and an electric motor for rotating the carrier, and is configured to rotate the second sun gear via the first sun gear, the first planetary gear and the second planetary gear and also to rotate the second sun gear at increased speeds via the carrier by virtue of driving by the electric motor, so as to change the angle ratio of steering angle to turning angle (for example, JP-A-2005-343205). In addition, a connecting shaft is press fitted in shaft holes opened in their rotational centers of the first and second planetary gears for integral connection thereof.
There is known a vehicle steering system which includes such a variable angle ratio mechanism in which one ends of the first and second planetary gears which are formed by cutting are butted against each other, and the butted portion is welded so as to integrally connect the first and second planetary gears together. FIGS. 4A to 4D are explanatory drawings which show steps of connecting first and second planetary gears 100, 101 through welding. Gear wheel materials 100a, 101a each having a large diameter portion and a small diameter portion which continuously connects to the large diameter portion are molded by molds (FIG. 4A), teeth are cut into the large diameter portions of the gear wheel materials 100a, 101a by a hobbing machine (FIG. 4B), following this, a heat treatment such as quenching is applied thereto, then, shaft holes are opened in central portions of the gear wheel materials (FIG. 4C), the small diameter portions of two resulting planetary gears 100, 101 are butted against each other after tooth faces thereof are ground, and the butted portion is welded (FIG. 4D). Then, a shaft element is press fitted in the shaft holes of the respective planetary gears 100, 101.
In a variable angle ratio mechanism in which first and second planetary gears are connected together by a connecting shaft as done in JP-A-2005-343205, however, teeth cutting work needs to be performed in a separate step, and moreover, a circumferential phase matching between the first and second planetary gears is difficult, there having been a demand for improvement in this respect.
In addition, in a variable angle ratio mechanism in which two planetary gears are connected together through welding, since there are necessary the steps of molding two gear wheel materials, cutting teeth in the gear wheel materials, applying a heat treatment to the same, opening shaft holes therein, grinding them and welding together the resulting gear wheels, the number of machining steps is increased, leading to a problem that the production costs of planetary gears and hence a vehicle steering system are increased. In addition, strain is generated in the connecting portion due to heat being applied to the planetary gears which is generated in association with welding, which causes a circumferential phase deviation between the first and second planetary gears, leading to a problem of increasing a difference between a backlash amount at a meshing portion between the first sun gear and the first planetary gear and a backlash amount at a meshing portion between the second sun gear and the second planetary gear. In addition, since the small diameter portions of the first and second planetary gears need to be formed relatively long so as to secure a space necessary for welding, the overall length in the tooth face width direction of the planetary gear is increased, leading to a problem the variable angle ratio mechanism has to be made large in size.


A display system employs rear projection to a curved, translucent display or image screen. A lens between the projecting device and the display screen eliminates or reduces distortion by altering a convergence of the projected image, transforming the projected image from diverging to converging for a convex rear projection screen surface or further diverging the image for a concave rear projection screen surface. A lightweight and economical Fresnel lens may be employed for this purpose.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to display devices for data processing systems and in particular to rear projection display devices. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to rear projection display devices employing curved translucent projection screens.
2. Description of the Related Art
A variety of contemporary devices require or benefit from display systems which occupy the field of vision of a user, either completely or in a substantial portion. In general, display devices designed to occupy the most significant majority of a user's field of vision may be loosely referred to a "full field" display device. Examples of such devices include flight simulators, whether utilized for training or for entertainment, and other environment simulators. Wrap-around or large, collimated display systems occupying the user's field of vision in such devices reduce a user's awareness of the actual surroundings and increase the user's awareness of the simulated environment.
An economical approach to full field display systems employs rear projection to a translucent display screen. One implementation of this approach is depicted in FIG. 5. The display system 502 includes a plurality of flat display screens 504-508 arranged to surround the focal point 510 of a user's field of vision. Each display screen 504-508 has an associated projection device 512-516 projecting a portion of the total image. This arrangement requires complex adaptations for image splitting and edge matching of the individual image portions. The boundaries between the separate image portions cannot be completely concealed from the user, and differences in distance to the image may be perceptible to the user.
An alternative implementation of the rear projection approach to full field display systems is depicted in FIG. 6. Display system 602 employs a curved display screen 604, a bubble which is nearly hemispherical. A single projection device 606 projects the complete image onto the screen 604. However, the projected image as it appears on screen 604 is distorted, which is minimal in a central region 608 and becomes increasingly distorted near outer edges 610 of screen 604. Therefore, complex image warping adaptations are required to offset the image distortion.
It is desirable, therefore, to provide a full field display system which does not require complex image management adaptations. It would further be advantageous if the full field display system employed rear projection to a curved display screen without significant image distortion.

Method and apparatus for elimination of distortion in rear projection to curved surfaces


A system and methodology for extraction and aggregation of data from dynamic content is described. In one embodiment, for example, a method is described for extracting and structuring items of data from content available via the Internet, the method comprises steps of: receiving input of a user specifying at least one source of content available via the Internet, types of data to be extracted from the at least one source, and fields for structuring extracted items of data; retrieving content from the at least one source; parsing the retrieved content to extract items of data of the types specified by the user; and mapping the extracted items of data to the fields specified by the user so as to transform the extracted items of data into a structured format.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of content retrieval. In particular, the invention relates to a computer system and methodology for extracting and aggregating data from dynamic content.
2. Description of the Background Art
Computers are very powerful tools for storing and providing access to vast amounts of information. The first personal computers were largely stand-alone units with no direct connection to other computers or computer networks. Data exchanges between computers were mainly accomplished by exchanging magnetic or optical media such as floppy disks. Over time, more and more computers were connected to each other and exchanged information using Local Area Networks ("LANs") and/or Wide Area Networks ("WANs"). Initially such connections were primarily amongst computers within the same organization via an internal network. More recently, the explosive growth of the Internet has provided access to tremendous quantities of information from a wide variety of sources. The Internet comprises a vast number of computers and computer networks that are interconnected through communication links. The World Wide Web (WWW) portion of the Internet allows a server computer system to send graphical Web pages of information to a remote client computer system. The remote client computer system can then display the Web pages in a Web browser application (e.g., Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer). To view a specific Web page, a client computer system specifies the Uniform Resource Locator ("URL") for that Web page in a request (e.g., a HyperText Transfer Protocol ("HTTP") request). The request is forwarded to the Web server that supports that Web page. When that Web server receives the request, it sends the specified Web page to the client computer system. When the client computer system receives that Web page, it typically displays the Web page using a browser application.
Currently, Web pages are typically defined using Hyper-Text Markup Language ("HTML"). HTML provides a standard set of tags that define how a Web page is to be displayed. When a user indicates to the browser to display a Web page, the browser sends a request to the server computer system to transfer to the client computer system a HTML document that defines the Web page. When the requested HTML document is received by the client computer system, the browser displays the Web page as defined by the HTML document. The HTML document contains various tags that control the displaying of text, graphics, controls and other features. The HTML document may also contain URLs of other Web pages available on that server computer system or other server computer systems. Web pages may also be defined using other markup languages, including cHTML, XML, and XHTML.
Every day, more and more information is made available via the Internet. The challenge posed to users is how to efficiently locate, access, and use information and applications that are relevant to them from amongst the huge quantities of materials that are available in a variety of different formats. The WWW is made up of millions of "Web sites" with each site having a number of HTML pages. Each HTML page usually has a number of Web objects on each page such as graphics, text, and "Hyper-Text" references (URL's) to other HTML pages. For example, a user may wish to collect information from three different sources. Each of these sources may potentially maintain information in a different format. For instance, one source may be a database, a second may be a spreadsheet, and a third may be a Web page. There is also a need to identify and retrieve dynamically updated content from these diverse network sources.
One mechanism for providing access to personalized information is a "portal". Corporate portals or enterprise information portals (ElPs) have many uses and advantages, but the most common overarching task of any portal is to provide users with efficient access to personalized information and applications. For an internal network, this can mean employee information such as retirement account balances and vacation requests. It may also include sales force automation and enterprise resource planning (ERP) applications. Externally, portals can collect and make information available to third parties such as business partners and customers. Portals can be used to simplify customer support, drive e-business, and/or accelerate content distribution.
A basic portal assembles static information in a single browser page for employee or customer use. Typically, static content is retrieved and placed into a giant repository which maintains all of the information used in the portal. The information is then reformatted and published to users of the portal. However managing a huge repository of content presents a number of difficulties to the organization operating the portal. One problem is that some types of information must be constantly updated. For example, stock prices or weather reports change regularly and frequently.
Another problem with information content retrieved via the Internet is that much of the information is not in a structured format. The data is not formatted in tables and rows like information stored in a database system. Instead, most of the information is unstructured or semi-structured data.
What is needed is a solution that enables user to capture dynamic content from a variety of sources such as Web pages, databases, and XML documents. The solution should provide an easy-to-use and flexible means to extract and aggregate data from content captured from various sources. Ideally, the solution should enable useful data to be extracted from dynamic content available from a data source and aggregated with other information. The present invention provides a solution for these and other needs.

System and methodology for extraction and aggregation of data from dynamic content


A system and method are disclosed for accessing, generating, presenting and manipulating Internet and non-Internet related information, data and content, including information netcast over the Internet. The system is also capable of controlling operatively connected, privately networked devices. A number of graphical user interfaces are utilized to facilitate user access, manipulation and control of information, data and content and networked devices. Some of the graphical user interfaces are time and topic oriented, are customizable by the user, and allow for the manipulation of information, data, content and operatively connected networked devices from the graphical interfaces themselves. The system is preferably enhanced through the use of an intelligent, dynamically updated user profile that is fully integrated with the system.

The present invention relates to an interactive software program for providing access to data on or off the Internet, and more particularly, to a software program which allows users to access, generate, present and manipulate an active presentation of sites, sources and services related to the Internet and Internet related technologies and to control privately networked devices. This access, manipulation and displaying is facilitated by use of a variety of graphical interfaces, one of which is a time and topic oriented program guide which displays and organizes Internet and non-Internet related broadcasts, information, data and content.
The use of the Internet and the World Wide Web (the xe2x80x9cWebxe2x80x9d) is continuing to expand at an exponential rate. Indeed, content is continuously added to and otherwise made available to users, new users are logging on every day to search and view this information, and new systems are being developed and linked to the Internet to take advantage of this information and content. As a result, the already vast and diverse types of information residing on the Web grow larger every day.
Today, accessing this vast storehouse of information is accomplished through the use of Web browsers which provide user-friendly graphical user interfaces by which everyday users may access and manipulate information on the Web. A browser functions on a point-to-point basis by contacting a web site and obtaining information from the site in the form of web page. This information is retrieved through the use of one or more search engines which attempt to identify, obtain and organize what is likely to be the most relevant information requested by the user on a specific the topic, based on the user""s specific inquiry and search parameters.
Retrieved web pages often contain hypertext or hypermedia links by which users can access related textual and audio, video, graphic animation and other active content, respectively. The presentation of graphical and audio active content on the Web is very recent development. Other recent developments include the proliferation of xe2x80x9cpushxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cnetcastingxe2x80x9d technology. Push technology allows users who subscribe to a push service to receive periodic updates of predetermined, user-designated information of interest to the user. The service software makes automatic, periodic queries to sites containing information relevant to the user""s requests, to see if there exists new, pertinent information on the subscribed to topics. If so, the service xe2x80x9cpullsxe2x80x9d the new information from the remote site and xe2x80x9cpushesxe2x80x9d it onto the user""s computer or other display.
xe2x80x9cNetcastingxe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cwebcasting,xe2x80x9d on the other hand, is an alternative to traditional Web browsing. Unlike browsing, where users go out on the Web and search for information, netcasting information may be broadcast over the Internet by a single host such that the data can be received by multiple recipients over one or more xe2x80x9cmulticast channels.xe2x80x9d A user wishing to receive a netcast simply tunes into the proper digital channel. Thus, a user""s computer acts like a television or radio receiver. This technology not only has the potential to turn the Internet into a mass-distribution channel for digital information on the same scale as broadcast television, but also to facilitate the interaction between the Internet and various types of private network systems and devices.
One major disadvantage of the current browser system is high network traffic over the Internet resulting from the combination of numerous and repeated site-to-site user information requests and the downloading of requested information. Other disadvantages are that all too often, the information retrieved is not responsive to the user""s request and not organized in a user-friendly format. Yet another disadvantage arises from the inability of current browsers to permit users to access, present and manipulate traditional web-based information and the more recent push and netcast information, either separately or in combination. In other words, the current browser system for accessing the Internet is ill-equipped to identify, access, manipulate and display traditional Web-based information and the distribution of Internet and non-Internet programming over digital Internet channels. Further, the current browser system is equally ill-equipped to control privately networked devices. Thus, various drawbacks exist with the current approaches and other known techniques and methods.
An object of the invention is to overcome these and other drawbacks of prior approaches.
Another object of the invention is to provide one or more graphical user interfaces (xe2x80x9cGUIxe2x80x9d) by which users can identify, access, manipulate and view Internet related information, events and services, where such graphical interfaces may be tailored according to a user""s preferences.
Another object of the invention is to automatically, or upon a user""s specific request, access and store hyperlink and hypermedia information without displaying the related links, Web pages or content.
Another object of the invention is to display information retrieved from the Web in various user-friendly formats as a comprehensive, organized whole.
It is a further object of the invention to create continuously updated user profiles based on a user""s Web and non-Web related activities.
It is a further object of the invention is to identify, access, retrieve and store information and events taking place on the Web based on a user""s profile, either automatically or in response to a user""s specific command.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide for the updates of Web sites based on a user""s continuously updated profile, and to alert the user when such updates occur and to provide summary information regarding the updates.
Yet another object of the invention is to allow users to continue an Internet or off-line session where the user left last off.
Yet another object of the invention is to scan the Internet for netcasted programming and other information and events and to display such information and events in a user-friendly, time oriented GUI.
It is yet another object of the invention to allow for the downloading of past, present or future Web and non-Web related information, content and events by means of a user-friendly GUI, either automatically or in response to a user""s specific command.
Another object of the invention is to provide for the access, retrieval and storage of summary or detailed information on the Web for selected objects by merely xe2x80x9chighlightingxe2x80x9d the objects.
Another object of the invention is to provide a system and method by which Web and non-Web related information, content and events are integrated with television, cable radio and other broadcast programming, information or data.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a system and method by which Web and non-Web related information, content and data may be accessed and manipulated by one or more networked devices utilizing the same system and method, where those devices can be used to control other networked devices.
These and other objects of the invention are carried out, alone or in various combinations, according to various embodiments of the invention detailed herein.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a standardized yet modifiable GUI is presented in the form of a grid which illustrates and provides instant and easy access to numerous applications and functions. The grid may be based on graphical icons text, sound or any combination thereof. According to one preferred embodiment the standardized GUI grid is touch sensitive and voice activated and responsive.
According to one embodiment, application which is activated by the grid is a GUI presented in the form of a Web Program Guide (xe2x80x9cWPGxe2x80x9d). The WPG displays Web netcasts, non-Web related broadcasts and other events and information (collectively xe2x80x9cnet programmingxe2x80x9d ) in a grid-like schedule displayed according to, among other things, net and broadcast channels, and the time of broadcast. The GUI allows a user to move forward or backward in time to display prior, current and future net programming. A user can also obtain information related to the programming, such as summaries of a selected program""s topic or content. In another preferred embodiment, the system allows for the one-step downloading and storage of a net program by simply highlighting the net program in the WPG. Alternatively, a user can schedule future downloads by time, net program, general topic, or user profile.
Program guides similar in nature to the WPG are available for television and cable broadcasts and radio broadcasts, individually. Alternatively, these information and content guides can be combined and viewed as an organized and comprehensive guide displaying all broadcasts, information, data and content available on any individual guide. Where appropriate the individual and comprehensive guides in a time and topic oriented format.
Another feature of the present invention is the ability of the system to create user-specific profiles for multiple users based on their Web and non-Web related activities. The profiles are continuously updated and evaluated. The system may use a user""s profile to notify the user of forthcoming Web and non-Web events, broadcasts or other information deemed by the system to be pertinent to the user""s interests. Using this profile, for example, the system can update the WPG with net programming of which the user is unaware but which is likely to be of interest to the user. Preferably, the system downloads such programming for subsequent off-line viewing.
Still another feature of the present invention is the use of a user""s profile to identify and notify a user when Web sites of interest have been modified in a way related to the interests specified by the profile. In one preferred embodiment, the system provides summary information of the modification so that the user can readily evaluate whether the change is of import.
According to another embodiment of the present invention the system identifies and downloads related hypertext and hypermedia links found in the Web page being viewed by the user, including Web pages linked to the first and higher tier pages. Preferably, this downloading takes place in the xe2x80x9cbackgroundxe2x80x9d and is transparent to the user. Alternatively, the system might automatically download all links within a domain only. Or, the user can specify the number of related links which the system will identify and download. Further, the system automatically terminates an Internet connection after downloaded is complete. In addition, according to yet another embodiment, the downloaded information is displayed as a comprehensive whole in a manner prescribed by the user, such as pages in a book, file card format or any other manner.
Yet, another feature of the invention allows the user to continue an Internet or off-line session at the Web page, document or content the user last viewed prior to terminating the previous session. This may be accomplished regardless of whether the Web page, document or content is stored on the system or whether the system must connect to the Internet to display the information.
According to one preferred embodiment, the grid and guide driven system is integrated and networked with devices such as home or office appliances and products such that Internet access and communications can be initiated and maintained from and through these devices and such that the devices can be controlled from various locations.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from a reading of the Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments presented below.

System and method for accessing, manipulating and viewing internet and non-internet related information and for controlling networked devices


In an optical recording method which utilizes hole burning, a plurality of sorts of light absorption centers having different properties are caused to coexist or to exist in the form of layers, thereby to remove the problem that, although the multiplicity of recording is high, the spacial recording density is low, so the overall recording density is low. Accordingly, the present invention can provide an optical recording method of very high recording density.

The present invention relates to an information recording method utilizing light, and more particularly to a multiple frequency recording method which utilizes hole burning.
Various researches have hitherto been made on the multiple-frequency optical recording which utilizes the hole burning phenomenon, and they are described in, for example, "Angewandte Chemie" International Edition, English 23, (1984) pp. 113-140. With any of the prior-art methods, the multiplicity in the direction of wavelengths is very high. Since, however, a medium of great light absorption coefficient is not available, the unit recording area of the prior-art method is large, and the overall recording density thereof does not considerably differ from that of a conventional optical recording method.
In the prior art, light absorption centers such as dye molecules or color centers cannot have their density made very high lest the interactions among the centers should intensify to change the property of a light absorption band. In order to attain the practical signal-to-noise ratio of read signals, accordingly, a light projection extent (unit storage region) on a recording medium must be enlarged. Usually, the area of the unit storage region is about 100 times that of an optical disk, so that even if recording at a multiplicity of 1000 is possible, the actual storage capacity per unit area becomes only 10 times.


An array substrate and a display panel including the array substrate are provided. The array substrate has a display area and a fan-shaped wiring area. A first metal layer, a second metal layer, and a third metal layer are arranged in both the display area and the fan-shaped wiring area, and a fourth metal layer is arranged in the fan-shaped wiring area. In the display area, the first metal layer includes gate lines, the second metal layer includes data lines, and the third metal layer includes touch lines. Fingerprint identification signal lines are arranged in the fan-shaped wiring area and are electrically connected to fingerprint identification units arranged in the display area. The fourth metal layer arranged in the fan-shaped wiring area includes at least one of the fingerprint identification signal lines, which avoids too many fingerprint identification signal lines being arranged in the same layer with other signal lines.

The display panel is widely used as an information input tool in various display products such as mobile phones, tablet computers, and information inquiry machines. The fingerprint identification is widely used in display panels as a way of user identity authentication and access. In order to improve the user experience, fingerprint identification units are usually integrated in the display panel, and as users demand for fingerprint identification increases, the accuracy of fingerprint identification has become a research hotspot.
With the integration of fingerprint identification units in the display panel and the increased demand for accuracy of the fingerprint identification, the number of signal lines related to the fingerprint identification is increasing. For example, in a fan-shaped wiring area it has become difficult to carry more fingerprint identification-related signal lines with a narrow border, especially so in the case of a small height of the fan-shaped wiring area.

Xiamen TianMa Micro-Electronics CO., LTD.


According to one embodiment, a pattern forming method includes forming a graphoepitaxy on a substrate, a process of forming a first self-assembly material layer that contains a first segment and a second segment in a depressed portion of the graphoepitaxy, a process of forming a first self-assembly pattern that has a first region containing the first segment, and a second region containing the second segment by performing a phase separation of the first self-assembly material layer, a process of forming a second self-assembly material layer containing a third segment and a fourth segment on a projected portion of the graphoepitaxy, and the first self-assembly pattern, a process of forming a second self-assembly pattern that has a third region containing the third segment, and a fourth region containing the fourth segment by performing a phase separation of the second self-assembly material layer.

Conventional lithography technology for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes double patterning technology by ArF liquid immersion exposure, EUV lithography, nano-imprint, etc. With the miniaturization of the pattern, the conventional lithographic technology suffers various problems, such as an increase in cost, and a decrease in throughput.
Under such circumstances, application of the self-assembly (DSA: Directed Self-assembly) to a lithography technology has been explored. Since self-assembly is caused by a spontaneous behavior called energy stability, the self-assembly can form a pattern with high dimensional accuracy. In particular, the technology of using microphase separation of the polymer block copolymer can form the periodic structure of various shapes in several to several hundred nanometers (nm) in a simple coating and annealing process. By changing the shape into a sphere, cylinder, and lamella, etc. according to the composition ratio of a high molecular block copolymer, and changing size according to a molecular weight, the dot pattern of various sizes, a hole or a pillar pattern, a line pattern, etc. can be formed.
In order to form a desired pattern extensively using DSA, it is necessary to prepare an epitaxy that controls the generating position of the polymer phase formed by self-assembly. Epitaxy may include a structure consisting of a plurality of projected surfaces and a plurality of depressed surfaces, and the following epitaxies have been known: graphoepitaxy that forms a microphase separation pattern in a depressed portion of the structure, and chemical epitaxy that is formed in a lower layer of DSA material, and controls the formation position of a microphase separation pattern based on a difference in the surface energy.
When chemical epitaxy is used, a microphase separation pattern can be formed all over a substrate (e.g., wafer). However, when graphoepitaxy is used, a microphase separation pattern cannot be formed on the projected portion of the graphoepitaxy, and the substrate is not able to be used effectively as a portion of the substrate cannot be patterned.


A system and method for training a virtual assistant to recognize and learn new context for known terms is presented. The method includes receiving a natural language input, corresponding to at least one of a desired intent and a desired entity, at a natural language processor. The method involves scoring known intents based on the natural language input to generate an intent confidence score for each known intent, and scoring known entities based on the natural language input to generate an entity confidence score for each known entity. The method involves comparing the intent confidence scores and entity confidence scores to a threshold value, and determining that the natural language input does not correspond to at least one of the known intents and the known entities based on the comparing. Finally, at least one of a new intent and a new entity are determined based on the natural language input.

Voice activated virtual assistants have become popular. Typically, a virtual assistant can perform a variety of operations based on specific speech commands. That is, the virtual assistant is pre-programmed with specific commands for intents that correspond to certain actions related to certain entities. If a user provides a speech command other than the pre-programmed commands, the virtual assistant may not understand the intent of a user and request clarification. Moreover, in some situations, the virtual assistant may understand an intent of the user, but the subject, or entity, to which the intent relates may not be understood. Accordingly, the virtual assistant may request clarification and/or may not carry out the desired intent with the determined entity.

Natural language understanding model with context resolver


A system providing support for user transactions in a media exchange network is disclosed. An embodiment of the present invention may comprise a television display, storage, and a set top box, and may provide an interface device for receiving from a user associated authorization device, information for authorizing user transactions via a communication network. A user transaction may comprise the exchange, purchase, storage, or consumption of media such as, for example, audio, still images, video, and data. The communication network may comprise, for example, a cable infrastructure, a digital subscriber line infrastructure, a wireless infrastructure, and may be the Internet. The system may provide for the completion of the user transaction without divulging the identity of the user to a vendor.

Consumer goods and services are generally purchased in one of two ways, either on a continuing basis, such as with natural gas, telephone, electric, and cable TV utilities, and newspapers, or as individual purchases as is the case with items such as clothing, food, and household goods and supplies. The establishment of a continuing purchase relationship typically requires the consumer to place a service order and provide personal information in advance of delivery. This personal information allows the vendor to determine the consumer's ability to pay, and to aid in the collection of payment. Individual purchases made in person are typically paid for using cash or checks, or a debit or credit card linked to some form of pre-established account. In some cases a pre-paid card or cash-balance smart card may be used.
Many consumers make individual purchases over the telephone or via the Internet. In these situations, the consumer may establish an account with the vendor in advance or at the time of purchase, and later receive a bill. They may also use a credit or debit card for the purchase by providing the card number to the vendor, later receiving a bill from the credit card company, or statement from their bank. The card information for such purchases is provided verbally over the telephone, or transmitted via a web page. Mistakes sometimes occur in the entry or transfer of the card details to the vendor, and the order may be delayed while correct card information is requested.
Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, through comparison of such systems with the present invention as set forth in the remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings.

Systems and circuits for providing support for user transactions on a media exchange network


A method for calibrating a bandwidth of a phase-locked loop begins with detecting an error signal generated by the phase-locked loop in response to a stimulus signal. The difference between the integral of the error signal and a nominal value thereof is computed, and the bandwidth of the phase-locked loop is adjusted based on the computed difference.

Phase-locked loops (PLLs) are used in a variety of applications, such as clock and data-recovery circuits, clock-generation circuits, and communication circuits. Implemented as frequency synthesizers, PLLs may be used to transmit and receive data in wireless communication transceivers, which may be used in wireless sensor networks, point-to-point data links, wireless local area networks (WLANs), WiMax applications, mobile phones, and data streaming applications.
The design of wireless communication transceivers may be difficult, however, due to a large number of practical and regulatory constraints. For example, wireless sensor network transceivers may operate in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band (at, e.g., 900 MHz or 2.4 GHz), which is regulated by various communication standards such as the emerging IEEE 802.15.4, SP100, and/or WirelessHART standards. Transceivers in wireless sensor networks may require ultra-low power consumption per unit (e.g., less than 25 mW in transmit mode), low selling price per unit (e.g., less than $1), and increasingly higher levels of integration of the digital-signal processing functions. Wireless sensor networks using Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) modulation, high-quality audio and video streaming applications, and other data-intensive applications require high rates of data transmission—for example, 2-4 Mbps. These high data rates may need a low modulation error rate (MER) or, equivalently, a low error-vector magnitude (EVM) and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the transmitter output to preserve the modulation accuracy.
Traditionally, cartesian RF modulators have been used to transmit high-data-rate signals; this type of modulator, however, depends heavily on analog circuitry. Analog circuit imperfections, such as quadrature-phase and gain mismatches, single-side band suppression, and direct LO feed-through considerably impair the modulation accuracy of cartesian-based transmitters. Cartesian RF modulators also require, in addition to a frequency synthesizer, two channels of digital-to-analog converters (DACs), low-pass filters, and RF mixers with inductive loads. These circuits are expensive both in terms of silicon area and power consumption.
An alternative approach uses a frequency-synthesizer-based transmitter to mitigate some of the drawbacks associated with cartesian RF modulators. Traditional frequency-synthesizer-based transmitters, however, suffer from an inherent trade-off between MER and spectral emissions, thereby limiting their maximum data rate. One possible solution is to extend the bandwidth of the (primarily analog) frequency-synthesizer-based transmitter using digital pre-emphasis techniques, thereby improving its MER at high data rates as well as reduce its spectral emissions. The transfer function of the analog-based frequency synthesizer, however, may vary with process tolerances and temperature variations, while the digital circuitry may have a constant, invariable transfer function. This difference in behavior may create a mismatch between the analog transfer function of the frequency synthesizer and the digital transfer function used for pre-emphasis. This mismatch may cause the cascaded (i.e., analog plus digital) bandwidth of the frequency synthesizer to significantly deviate from the target bandwidth as operating and process conditions change. It is crucial, however, to maintain the accuracy of the match between the digital and analog transfer functions to guarantee a minimal (e.g., less than ±10%) variation of the cascaded bandwidth of the frequency synthesizer transfer function.
Various schemes to calibrate the bandwidth of a frequency synthesizer exist. One such scheme is based on locking the frequency synthesizer at two different frequencies separated by a known difference (Δfcal) and measuring the difference between the loop-filter tuning voltages (ΔVcal) at each frequency. Using the value of Δfcal/ΔVcal, the gain of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) may be estimated and its variation from the nominal value may be derived. This scheme uses either a high-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to directly measure the loop-filter tuning voltage or an amplifier circuit to measure ΔVcal and an ADC to digitize the measurement. The digitized output of the ADC is then used to address a look-up table (LUT) to obtain the calibrated charge-pump current of the frequency synthesizer. Increasing (or decreasing) the charge-pump current causes the bandwidth of the frequency synthesizer to increase (or decrease).
This scheme, however, has two main shortcomings. First, components other than the VCO gain variation may affect the bandwidth variation of the frequency synthesizer but are not accounted for. For example, the characteristics of the loop filter and/or the charge pump may significantly vary with process conditions and temperature, but the differences would not be calibrated. Second, a high-resolution ADC and a high-accuracy difference amplifier each consume a large amount of silicon area, thereby increasing cost, complexity, and/or power consumption.
A second scheme for closed-loop bandwidth calibration of a PLL-based frequency synthesizer calibrates the variations of all the individual contributors to the overall variation of the bandwidth. This second scheme, however, also suffers from two major drawbacks. First, it requires an additional calibration port at the VCO input during calibration. Although the additional calibration port may be also used for modulation, in the case where a pre-emphasis filter is used, extra circuitry is required for the second port. In addition, the closed-loop calibration circuitry will introduce errors once it is removed after calibration. Second, the preferred method of calibration in this scheme is through the VCO amplitude control, which controls the VCO gain. The variation in bandwidth, however, may be excessive, and absorbing a large variation in the VCO gain poses significant stability and linearity issues in the closed-loop response of the frequency synthesizer.
Given the above shortcomings of existing calibration systems, a need exists for a simple, area- and power-efficient, accurate, and comprehensive calibration system and method for PLLs and, in particular, PLL-based frequency synthesizers.

Calibration system and method for phase-locked loops