To provide a circuit device freed from constrains of a mounting direction. The circuit device according to the present invention includes: a conductive pattern for forming a die pad, a first bonding pad, and a second bonding pad; and a semiconductor element (TR) attached to the conductive pattern. The circuit device further includes: a sealing resin for covering the semiconductor element (TR) and the conductive pattern with a rear surface of the conductive pattern being exposed; and a coating resin for covering the rear surface of the conductive pattern exposed from the sealing resin. The rear surface of the conductive pattern is exposed from openings of the coating resin, and the openings are arranged with rotational symmetry about a central point of the circuit device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a circuit device and a portable device. In particular, the present invention relates to a circuit device and a portable device, each of which has regularly arranged external electrodes or openings.
2. Description of the Related Art
Heretofore, a circuit device incorporated in an electronic device has been used for cell phones, portable computers, etc. and thus designed to reduce its size, thickness, and weight. In recent years, a device called "CSP (chip-sized package)" of a wafer scale equivalent to a chip size has been developed.
FIG. 10 shows a CSP 66 of a size slightly larger than a chip size, which has a substrate 65 as a support substrate. In the illustrated example of FIG. 10, a transistor chip T is mounted to the substrate 65.
A first electrode 67, a second electrode 68, and a die pad 69 are formed on the front surface of the substrate 65, and a first back electrode 70A and a second back electrode 70B are formed on the rear surface thereof. The first electrode 67 and the back electrode 70A are connected through a through hole TH. In addition, the second electrode 68 and the second back electrode 70B are electrically connected through the through hole TH.
The transistor chip T is attached to the die pad 69 to connect an emitter electrode of a transistor with the first electrode 67 via a metal thin line 72. Further, abase electrode of the transistor is connected with the second electrode 68 via the metal thin line 72. Furthermore, a resin layer 73 is formed on the substrate 65 to cover the transistor chip T.
In the CSP or other such circuit devices, external electrodes 76 are formed with soldering or the like on the rear surface of the device for receiving/transmitting electrical signals from/to any external device. The CSP 66 is attached to a conductive path 78 formed on the surface of a mounting board 77 through the external electrodes 76. This technology is described for instance in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. Hei 11-274361.
However, in the aforementioned CSP 66, the external electrodes 76 are formed in predetermined positions on a plane in accordance with the specifications of a user. That is, the external electrodes 76 are not arranged regularly on the plane. Therefore, when mounted to the mounting board 77, the CSP 66 should be placed under constraints of the mounting direction. This leads to a higher cost for mounting the CSP 66. In particular, portable devices such as cell phones have a limitation of installation space. Thus, the constraints of the mounting direction of circuit elements hinder the size reduction of the portable devices.

Circuit device and portable device with symmetrical arrangement


A propylene oxide/styrene monomer aqueous purge stream is contacted with a solid iron promoted alumina catalyst at conditions effective to decompose peroxides contained therein.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process for removing peroxides from peroxide containing aqueous waste streams such as those from the propylene oxide/styrene monomer technology so that the treated stream can be further processed prior to its disposal.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The Oxirane process for the production of propylene oxide and styrene monomer is a process of very great commercial importance. The basic patent describing this process is U.S. Pat. No. 3,351,635. In the process, ethylbenzene is oxidized to ethylbenzene hydroperoxide, the ethylbenzene hydroperoxide is catalytically reacted with propylene to form propylene oxide and 1-phenyl ethanol, and the 1-phenyl ethanol is dehydrated to form styrene monomer.
In practice of the process there are a number of separation and recovery steps and various purge streams are formed which must be disposed of in the face of ever increasing environmental concerns. In various instances, disposal practices which were permitted in the past may, in the future, no longer be permitted. Accordingly, considerable efforts are being directed to bring about improvements in procedures used to treat propylene oxide/styrene monomer purge streams.
One such purge stream is an acidic wastewater removed as a distillation sidestream. The acidic wastewater contains in addition to water and various organic acids, significant amounts of ethylbenzene and peroxidic materials. Consideration has been given to biotreatment of such streams but the contained ethylbenzene tends to flash in a biopond exceeding VOC limits. First stripping ethylbenzene before biotreatment is an option but this would result in dangerous concentrations of peroxides forming within the stripper.
Chemical treatment such as with caustic to decompose the peroxides is an option. However, such treatment is costly and yields a salty stream that is more difficult to biotreat. Chemical treatment as with homogeneous catalysts is possible but is more costly due to chemical usage and mixing and metering equipment. The chemicals added may also result in environmental issues downstream especially if it is necessary to increase the pH.
Decomposition of peroxides in acidic environments is possible via heterogeneous catalysis. Certain activated carbons, for example, have been demonstrated to work. However, such systems are known to have plugging problems because the evolved oxygen bubbles attach to the fines and promote their agglomeration. Also, the carbon tends to adsorb other organics in the stream and deactivate over time. Lastly, oxidation of the carbon itself might occur in "hot spots" throughout the catalyst bed, or even local combustion of carbon.


A process for the preparation of a bake stable nut butter emulsion which comprises the following steps (a) selecting a sugar syrup solution and diluting it with water until it contains an amount of sugar solids which is in the range 55-80 wt. %, (b) heating the solution to a temperature in the range 40-100° C., (c) dispersing a starch into the heated solution until it contains 1-5 wt. % of dissolved starch, (d) dispersing an emulsifier into the heated solution until it contains 0.5-3 wt. % of dissolved emulsifier, (e) dispersing a gelling agent into the heated solution until it contains 0.2-1 wt. % of dissolved gelling agent, (f) cooling the heated solution into which the starch, emulsifier and gelling agent have been dispersed to a temperature which is in the range of 20-50° C., (g) dispersing under vigorous stirring conditions a nut butter into the cooled solution, while controlling the rate of addition such that the resulting emulsion remains water continuous, (h) allowing the emulsion to cool and to obtain a plastic consistency. The process delivers an edible nut butter containing emulsion which comprises 10-25 wt. % of a dispersed fat phase and 75-90 wt. % of a continuous aqueous phase which comprises sugar solids, starch, gelling agent and emulsifier, which emulsion has a plastic consistency and which emulsion possesses bake stability. The invention also relates to a bake stable nut butter emulsion.

Baked cereal bars are popular snacks which are sold in many varieties. The present invention deals with a product which is suitable for the manufacture of baked cereal bars consisting of a jacket of baked dough which surrounds a filling prepared with a nut paste which paste will be denoted also as nut butter in this patent specification. The nut paste preferably is peanut butter. Such kind of snack is described in WO 02/34054. When the filling consists of untreated peanut butter, snacks could not be properly prepared by a process of co-baking the dough jacket and the filling. At the prevailing baking temperature the peanut butter would deteriorate and fully liquefy, causing soaking the dough and even leakage from the jacket. Moreover the nut butter taste of the baked snack is seriously affected. A brittle, flaky and grainy filling with a poor flavour will result. The considerable difference in the water activities of common bread dough and untreated peanut butter causes undesired moisture migration and subsequent deterioration of the snack. A suitable but expensive solution consists in extruding a nut butter filling into an already baked hollow dough jacket. Several methods are known from the prior art for imparting bake stability to a snack filling prepared with peanut butter so that it can be co-baked with the dough jacket. U.S. Pat. No. 4,661,360 e.g. describes how a peanut butter filling containing 40-70 wt. % of fat can be imparted bake stability by surrounding it with a hydrophilic coating of corn syrup.
This method, however, like the other prior art methods requires processing which is too complex for industrial scale production and/or needs relatively expensive auxiliary ingredients. It is difficult to have the filling after baking retain the desired creamy texture characteristic of peanut butter. The complexity of the manufacturing process and/or the poor quality of the final product are the cause that baked snacks with a peanut butter filling, although having a high consumer appeal, are not commercially available presently.

Unilever Bestfoods, North America, division of Conopco, Inc.


The disclosure relates to a display device including: an organic light-emitting diode display panel, a fingerprint recognition layer located below the organic light-emitting diode display panel, and a light filtering layer located between the organic light-emitting diode display panel and the fingerprint recognition layer, where the light filtering layer is configured to filter out light rays with an incidence angle greater than a filter angle among light rays carrying fingerprint line information, and to transmit light rays with an incidence angle smaller than or equal to the filter angle, where the incidence angle is the angle between the light rays carrying fingerprint line information, and the direction perpendicular to the fingerprint recognition layer.

As smart mobile phones are gradually popular, display devices with a high screen occupancy ratio have been increasingly favored. A fingerprint recognition function can be built in a display panel to thereby dispense with a space occupied by a fingerprint recognition module on the front face of a mobile phone so as to greatly improve a screen occupancy ratio thereof. The majority of the existing fingerprint recognition applications below the display panel are generally designed for an OLED display panel because the OLED display panel supports self-emission display, where light emitted by the display panel can be reflected by a finger, and passed to a fingerprint recognition (sensor) layer below the OLED display panel, and the sensor layer reads fingerprint line information formed as a result of optical reflection, and recognizes a fingerprint.


Certain embodiments provide emergency release bracket systems for use in connection with vehicle signage. The emergency release bracket system includes a mounting bracket for operably connecting to a vehicle. The mounting bracket includes bent out tabs and mounting plate attachment holes. The emergency release bracket system includes a mounting plate for operably connecting to vehicle signage. The mounting plate includes tab windows and tab slots. The mounting plate is adjustably and detachably coupled to the mounting bracket by mating the tab windows of the mounting plate with a portion of the bent out tabs of the mounting bracket. The mounting plate is secured to the mounting bracket using removable couplings extending through the tab slots of the mounting plate and the mounting plate attachment holes of the mounting bracket.

Signage configured to be extended from a side of a vehicle, such as a stop sign and/or mirror configured to be extended from a side of school bus, for example, requires a mounting system for attaching to the vehicle. Such mounting system should allow the vehicle signage to be mounted on various vehicle models. It is also desirable that such mounting system should allow the vehicle signage to be mounted at various heights so that the use of the vehicle signage is optimized. Further, the vehicle signage should be removable, without using tools, such that rescue personnel may remove the vehicle signage in an emergency situation.
For example, a stop sign and mirror assembly configured to be extended from a passenger side of school bus may be used to provide visibility near the right rear tire of the school bus and to alert automobiles that passing is illegal. As such, an optimal position for mounting the stop sign and mirror assembly may be toward the rear of the bus and at a height of one of the rear school bus windows. A mounting system should be adjustable to the width of windows on different bus models. Further, in order to meet the visibility requirements of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 571.111, the mounting system should allow for height adjustment of the stop sign and mirror assembly. In order for rescue personnel to have access to all windows of the school bus in the event of an emergency, the stop sign and mirror assembly should be removable without needing to use tools.
Known mounting systems are ineffective for adjustably and detachably mounting vehicle signage to the outside of a vehicle. Thus, improved bracket systems are desirable.
Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, through comparison of such systems and methods with the present invention as set forth in the remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings.

WOODSTOCK TRANSPORATION COMPONENTS, INC.


An intelligent bias voltage generating circuit capable of providing an electronic device with a reliable bias signal includes a power input terminal which is electrically connected to a power generating device for providing a power input, and a bias voltage generating circuit which is electrically connected to the power input terminal for responding to power fluctuations and generating a bias voltage signal output by a multi-section linear variation method.

In various electronic devices, the bias voltage generating circuit is widely used and plays an important role. The main function of a bias voltage generating circuit is to provide a stable bias voltage for the circuits downstream so that they can be operated smoothly. For example, a direct current bias voltage generating circuit which is electrically connected to a transistor provides a stable direct current bias signal so that the transistor can be operated within a working range, a saturation range, a cut-off range or any other operating range as desired.
A conventional bias voltage generating circuit has many drawbacks. It can be easily affected by power fluctuations or variations in the fabrication process and hence, it cannot perform the required functions of a bias voltage. It may even produce faulty signals and may not be capable of maintaining a bias voltage output in a usable range. To further illustrate the drawbacks of a conventional bias voltage generating circuit, an example which is frequently used in a reference voltage generating circuit is described below.
Referring initially to FIG. 1 which is a circuit diagram of a conventional bias voltage generating circuit that is used in a reference bias voltage generating circuit. The circuit includes a power generating device 1, a reference voltage generating device 2, and a bias voltage generating circuit 3. The power generating device is used to provide a power source V.sub.DD for the reference voltage generating circuit 2 and the bias voltage generating circuit 3. The bias voltage generating circuit 3 is a resistor type bias voltage generating circuit which includes bias resistors R1 and R2.
In FIG. 1, the bias voltage resistors R1, R2 and the equivalent resistance of the NMOS transistor (labeled as Q) enable a voltage division of power source V.sub.DD. At the series connection point (labeled as P) of the bias resistors R1 and R2, a bias voltage output V.sub.bias1 is generated for use by the reference voltage generating circuit 2. However, it is frequently affected by noise signals or other signals in the circuit such that it fluctuates. Consequently, a reliable bias voltage cannot be generated by the properly matched bias voltage resistors R1 and R2. In addition, although the NMOS transistor Q is used as an on/off switch (controlled by the Vcontrol signal), the equivalent resistance of the NMOS transistor Q fluctuates due to variations in the power source V.sub.DD. It is therefore difficult to design a circuit to produce a desirable bias voltage. Furthermore, the bias voltage generated by a conventional bias voltage generating circuit varies greatly with variations in the power source V.sub.DD and drifts easily from a suitable working range.
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 1, a parallel connection between an input resistor Rin at point P of the reference voltage generating circuit 2 and the bias resistor R2 affects the value of the bias voltage V.sub.bias1. Due to the difficulties in controlling manufacturing parameters and the variations in manufacturing time and environment, the characteristics of the components of the reference voltage generating circuit 2 and the bias resistors R1 and R2 can change. Such change can in turn change the input resistor Rin which is closely tied to the components in the reference voltage generating circuit 2, the bias resistors R1 and R2 and the equivalent resistance of the NMOS transistor Q. A drifting in the bias voltage V.sub.bias1 can thus occur. The conventional bias voltage generating circuit easily drifts away from its originally designed working range due to changes occurred in the power source and in the component characteristics. It is not capable of producing a reliable bias voltage signal and moreover, it causes other circuits in the device to generate faulty signals and abnormal reactions.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an intelligent bias voltage generating circuit which is capable of producing a reliable bias voltage that is not affected by fluctuations in the power source.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an intelligent bias voltage generating circuit which is capable of producing a reliable bias voltage that is not affected by changes in the component characteristics.

Intelligent bias voltage generating circuit


A cavity package is disclosed comprising a metal leadframe, a metal ring connected to the metal leadframe, a plastic body molded to the metal leadframe forming a substrate cavity including an exposed die attach pad of the leadframe for affixing a semiconductor device, exposed lead fingers of the leadframe for wire bonding to the semiconductor device and an external circuit, and an exposed top surface of the metal ring, and a metal cap for closing and encapsulating the substrate cavity. The metal ring is integrated into the pre-molded cavity leadframe for providing an electrical ground path from the metal cap to the die attach pad and permitting attachment of the metal cap to the pre-molded leadframe using solder reflow.

Flat no-leads packages such as QFN (quad-flat no-leads) and DFN (dual-flat no-leads) are used to physically and electrically connect integrated circuits to printed circuit boards. Two types of flat no-leads packages are common: cavity (i.e. with a cavity designed into the package containing air or nitrogen), and plastic-molded (i.e. with minimal air in the package). The cavity package is usually made up of three parts; a copper leadframe, plastic-molded body (open, and not sealed), and a cap or lid attached to the plastic portion of the leadframe. An integrated circuit (IC) is mounted to a die attach pad within the cavity, with wire leads connecting the IC to the leadframe. The leadframe terminates in contacts on the bottom of the package for providing electrical interconnection with a printed circuit board.
Cavity packages are small and lightweight, with good thermal and electrical performance that makes them suitable for portable communication/consumer products. Applications include cellular phones, PDAs, wireless transmitters, RF front end, HD devices, microcontrollers, pre-amplifiers, servers, smart power suppliers, switches, DSPs, ASICs and wrist watches.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Cavity package with pre-molded cavity leadframe


In embodiments of electronic device mode detection, a mode detection application, implemented on an electronic device, correlates an identifier of a wireless device and an activity of the electronic device based at least in part on multiple instances of detecting the identifier of the wireless device during the activity of the electronic device. In some embodiments, the mode detection application correlates the identifier of the wireless device and the activity of the electronic device based at least in part on the identifier of the wireless device not being detected during one or more different activities of the electronic device. After correlating the identifier of the wireless device and the activity of the electronic device, the mode detection application configures the electronic device to automatically switch to a mode associated with the activity responsive to detecting the identifier of the wireless device.

A computing device may be able to determine whether a user of the computing device is performing certain activities, such as running or walking, based on signals received from sensors coupled to the computing device. The signals received from sensors are not always reliable, however, and can cause a computing device to incorrectly determine that the user is performing an activity. For example, signals received from the sensors may indicate that the user is running, when the user is actually in a business meeting.


Apparatus for monitoring and controlling a combination which includes a main device (2) and at least one auxiliary device (20). The main device (2) includes a stop button (14a), at least one drive motor (13a), and a plurality of safety switches (15a). In addition, an electrical control circuit (8), which has on the auxiliary device side an input (11) through which the auxiliary device (20) and the electrical control circuit (8) are connected to an individual signal line (21) and a ground line (23) of the auxiliary device (20), is installed in the main device (2). On the main device side, the electrical control circuit (8) has two inputs (12, 13) and two outputs (14, 15).

The invention concerns an apparatus for monitoring and controlling a combination of a main device and at least one auxiliary device, the main device having a stop button, at least one drive motor, and a plurality of safety switches, and an electrical control circuit being installed in the main device.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,515,458 describes a copier that is connected to a sorting unit as an auxiliary device. The copier monitors the energy to the sorting unit. If the sorting unit should be disconnected from line power, the sheets are transported out of the copier in such a way that they do not enter the sorting unit. Provided in both the copier and the sorting unit are electrical circuits which monitor the operation of the copier and the sorting unit. The two circuits are interconnected via corresponding lines. The sorting unit has door switches which interrupt power to the sorting unit when a door is open. The circuit in the sorting unit communicates to the input of the circuit in the copying unit that power to the sorting unit has been interrupted. The circuit in the copying unit actuates corresponding means so that the sheets being processed are transported into a non-sort tray that is not located in the sorting unit.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,163,137 discloses an interface for a copying system that consists of a copy machine and one or more peripheral devices. The CPU of the copy machine is connected to the peripheral devices with two lines (L.sub.1 and L.sub.2). L.sub.1 connects the output of the CPU of the copy machine to the input of the CPU of the peripheral devices, and conversely the outputs of the CPUs of the peripheral devices are connected via line L.sub.2 to the input of the CPU of the copy machine. The interface is used to monitor and control the peripheral devices. Data are interchanged between the copy machine and the peripheral devices in accordance with a specific data format. The data are composed of an address block, a data block, and a check block. It is evident that because of the defined data format, peripheral devices, including possibly those of other manufacturers, must be adapted to the language or data format of the CPU of the copier.

Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling a device combination including a main device and at least one auxiliary device


The invention relates to methods and materials involved in diagnosing SLE. More particularly, the invention relates to methods and materials involved in diagnosing SLE, diagnosing severe SLE, and assessing a mammal's susceptibility to develop severe SLE. For example, the invention provides nucleic acid arrays that can be used to diagnose SLE in a mammal. Such arrays can allow clinicians to diagnose SLE based on a simultaneous determination of the expression levels of many genes that are differentially expressed in SLE patients as compared to healthy controls.

1. Technical Field
The invention relates to methods and materials involved in diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). More particularly, the invention relates to methods and materials involved in diagnosing SLE, diagnosing severe SLE, and assessing a mammal's susceptibility to develop severe SLE.
2. Background Information
SLE is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies having specificity for a wide range of self-antigens. SLE autoantibodies mediate organ damage by directly binding to host tissues and by forming immune complexes that deposit in vascular tissues and activate immune cells. Organs targeted in SLE include the skin, kidneys, vasculature, joints, various blood elements, and the central nervous system (CNS). The severity of disease, the spectrum of clinical involvement, and the response to therapy vary widely among patients. This clinical heterogeneity makes it challenging to diagnose and manage lupus.

Methods for diagnosing severe systemic lupus erythematosus

The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research


The present invention relates mainly to a method of making an endpiece, to an endpiece and a connector made by said method, and also to a circuit including such a connector. According to the invention, a single gasket is provided which serves simultaneously to ensure sealing between a tubular duct and an endpiece-forming sleeve, and also between the male and female endpieces of the connector. The present invention is applicable to making a fluid circuit, in particular in the automobile industry. A main application of the present invention lies in making connectors for air conditioning circuits or oil circuits in motor vehicles.

A leak from a hydraulic circuit, in particular a circuit belonging to the engine of a motor vehicle, can have consequences that are disastrous, running the risk of destroying the engine, or even worse, putting the safety of the occupants of the vehicle in danger. Consequently, the automobile industry uses tubular duct connectors of lifetime greater than that of the vehicle fitted therewith. Such connectors generally give satisfaction, but they are complex in structure and consequently high in price since they include a large number of parts.

Method of making an endpiece, an endpiece and a connector made by the method, and a circuit including such a connector


A method for compensating for asynchronous clock sources is presented. A buffer is provided for storing frames received from a packet network. The buffer having a preselected playout delay. Upon detecting a buffer overflow, a drain operation is performed on the buffer and the playout delay is modified to provide a sufficient number of buffer locations for frames to be stored. Upon detecting a buffer underflow, a fill operation is performed on the buffer and the playout delay is modified to provide a sufficient number of frames to be played out.

A modem pass-through can be used to provide a modem connection for transporting modem data between a calling modem and an answering modem over a packet network. The modem pass-through emulates a PSTN network when transporting a G.711 Pulse Code Modulation ("PCM") stream over the packet network. To emulate a PSTN network the modem pass-through provides the modem connection between the calling modem and the answering modem similar to the modem connection provided by the PSTN network.
The packet network can implement any well-known packet network protocol, such as, the Asynchronous Transfer Method ("ATM"), Frame Relay protocol ("FR") or Internet Protocol ("IP"). The modem pass-through forwards the G.711 PCM stream using protocols developed for transmitting real-time audio over a packet network. One standard protocol for packetizing real-time audio for transporting Voice over IP ("VoIP") is the Real-Time Transport Protocol ("RTP") (Request for Comments ("RFC") 1889, January 1996) available on the Internet Engineering Task Force ("IETF") web site.
To transport VoIP, a packet transmitter in an originating packet network node encodes the analog voice signal received from the PSTN, stores the encoded data in the payload of one or more data packets and transmits the data packet over the packet network. Each data packet includes a destination address stored in a header included in the data packet.
Before the modem connection is provided, the calling modem and the answering modem must perform modem training. Modem training includes negotiating communication parameters such as, data transfer rate, data compression, error correction protocol and modulation. Modem training includes a series of training steps, in which the calling modem and the answering modem adjust to each other's characteristics and to the characteristics of the switched connection. These training steps include V.8/V.8bis, auto-mode, error correction and data compression. The steps and procedures are defined by the ITU V. series of modem specification and other modem specifications including MNP5 compression. ITU V. series modem specifications include V.8, V8bis, V.42, V.42bis, V.34, V.90, V.92, and V.32/V.32bis.
Once modem training is complete, the modem connection is provided by the modem pass-through between the calling modem and the answering modem. However, data can only be transported between the modems while the modem connection is provided by the modem pass-through.
Unlike a telephone network in which there is a dedicated connection between the calling modem and the answering modem, each data packet transmitted from a modem may travel on a different path from a source packet network gateway to a destination packet network gateway connected to the packet network. Some data packets may travel faster than others. Thus, data packets transmitted over the packet network may arrive out of order at the destination packet network gateway.
To compensate for these path differences, each packet network gateway includes a jitter buffer. The jitter buffer temporarily stores PCM data extracted from the payload of data packets received from the packet network. The PCM data is forwarded in-order after a playout delay to the modem. Temporarily storing received PCM data in a jitter buffer allows a smooth ordered playout of the extracted PCM data to the modem.
Each packet network gateway includes a separate clock source. The clock sources are not synchronized. The remote clock source determines the rate at which data packets are received by the local packet network gateway from the remote packet network gateway over the packet network. The local clock source determines the rate at which the packet network gateway reads the extracted PCM data from the jitter buffer. Thus, timing differences accumulate at both the local packet network gateway and the remote packet network gateway because the local clock source and the remote clock source are not synchronized. These timing differences result in a progressive accumulation of PCM data stored in the jitter buffer at one packet network gateway and a progressive depletion of PCM data stored in another jitter buffer at another packet network gateway. Eventually, the jitter buffer in a packet network gateway with either underflow or overflow. During these overflow/underflow periods, the jitter buffer provides incorrect data resulting in modem speed shifts and/or modem retrains. Modem retrains reduce data throughput through the packet network because no data packets are transmitted during the modem retrain.
In order to avoid modem retrains, a packet network gateway computes a playout delay time for its respective jitter buffer. Adaptive delay adjustment is implemented by continuously monitoring the playout delay time and periodically readjusting the playout delay in order to compensate for the difference between the local clock source and the remote clock source. However, even with adaptive delay adjustment to continuously adapt the playout delay, a clock slip is unavoidable resulting in modem retrains and/or speed shifts. These modem retrains and/or modem speed shifts result in decreased throughput on the modem connection and the inability to emulate a PSTN network over a packet network for modem transfer rates required by fast modems, such as V.90.

Mechanism for modem pass-through with non-synchronized gateway clocks


An outside section for a split system air conditioning unit. The outside section has a housing including a first side, a second side, a top, a bottom, a front, and a back. The housing also includes an air inlet located in a middle portion of the front, and an air outlet located in the first side. A first baffle divides the housing interior into first and second segments. The first segment includes the air inlet, the air outlet and a heat exchange coil located therebetween, and the second segment includes a compressor operably connected to the heat exchange coil.

The present invention is directed to split system air conditioning systems, and more particularly, to the arrangement of an outdoor section of a split system air conditioning system. In a split air conditioning system, an indoor section containing a heat exchanger is located in an environment to be conditioned, and refrigerating conduit connects that indoor section to an outdoor section containing an outside heat exchanger and a compressor. Split systems are particularly advantageous for residential use and are favored over window air conditioning units because the separation of the compressor and the outdoor heat exchanger from the indoor heat exchanger results in a substantially quieter air conditioning unit.
Previous outdoor sections typically require a propeller type fan blowing air through the outdoor section from front to back, or vice versa. This front-to-back arrangement produced a bulky design which lacks aesthetic appeal and which cannot be wall mounted without blocking airflow due to airflow clearance requirements. These minimum clearance requirements are at least two inches (5.9 cm) on the back side of the previous outdoor section with further clearance requirements of at least two inches (5.9 cm) of clearance on one side wall and at least ten inches (25.45 cm) of clearance on the other side wall. Additionally, the prior art units have at least ten inches (25.45 cm) or more of depth in addition to the two inches (5.9 cm) of back clearance.
Additionally, the combination of a compressor and a heat exchange coil within the outdoor section results in the transmission of compressor vibrations and noise into the environment to be cooled by means of the outside heat exchange coil and the conduit connecting that coil to the inside section.

Outside section for split system air conditioning unit


An engine system incorporating an air breathing, reciprocating internal combustion engine having an inlet for air and an exhaust for products of combustion. A centripetal turbine receives products of the combustion and has a housing in which a turbine wheel is rotatable. The housing has first and second passages leading from the inlet to discrete, approximately 180°, portions of the circumference of the turbine wheel. The passages have fixed vanes adjacent the periphery of the turbine wheel and the angle of the vanes in one of the passages is different than those in the other so as to accommodate different power levels providing optimum approach angles between the gases passing the vanes and the blades of the turbine wheel. Flow through the passages is controlled by a flapper valve to direct it to one or the other or both passages depending upon the load factor for the engine.

The first turbocharger was proposed by Alfred Buchi in 1905. The turbocharger began as a device to capture energy that was wasted in the exhaust system of a naturally aspirated engine by passing exhaust gases over a series of blades on a turbine wheel to produce a rotary power output. The turbine was connected to and drove a compressor to increase the charge density of an engine and therefore the power output. Since 1905, immense strides have been made in the turbo machinery field to improve the efficiency, flexibility and durability of individual components. A key element in the quest for efficiency is the turbine. In the most common commercial form, the turbine consists of a centripetal turbine wheel having a radial entry receiving heated gases from a turbine nozzle and accelerating them and extracting energy to drive either a compressor or other power load device. Strides have been made in metallurgy to enable higher operating temperatures and higher rpm's. Concurrent with these advances was the attempt to operate the turbine at maximum efficiency over a range of operating conditions.
A major impediment to maintaining efficiency over a broader range of operating conditions is a result of the incident angle with which the exhaust or heated gas flow is introduced to the periphery of the turbine wheel. The turbine is typically designed for maximum efficiency at full load conditions at rated speed. However, when the load drops off to for example 25%, a turbine with a rated efficiency of 80% can easily drop to an efficiency of 25%. This is primarily due to an incident angle that is not optimum for the part throttle conditions. The drop in efficiency significantly impacts part load performance characteristics of an engine system with which it is used and may ultimately influence the ability to flow air required for clean combustion characteristics.
Attempts have been made to accommodate this condition by incorporating a ring of variable angle vanes around the periphery of the turbine wheel. The vanes are pivoted to change their angle with respect to the wheel and to vary the throat area for gases entering the wheel to increase gas velocity during part load engine conditions. However, such systems have been proven to questionable reliability, given the carbon laden nature of the gases passing through it and the requirement for a large plurality of vanes to be pivoted in precise unison.
Therefore, what is needed in the art is a simple and effective power turbine having a broad range of efficiency characteristics.

Internal combustion engine system having a power turbine with a broad efficiency range


A probe, a set of probes, and a probe carrier on which the probe or the set of probes is immobilized, are provided for classification of fungus species. The probe or the set of probes is capable of collectively detecting fungus of the same species and distinguishingly detecting those fungus from fungus of other species. The probe is an oligonucleotide probe for detecting a pathogenic fungus DNA and includes at least one of base sequences of SEQ ID NOS. 1 to 4 and mutated sequences thereof.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a probe and a probe set for detecting a DNA of a pathogenic fungus, Candida krusei, which are useful for detection and identification of a causative fungus of an infectious disease, and to a probe carrier on which the probe or the probe set is immobilized. The present invention also relates to a DNA testing method and a DNA testing kit using the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Heretofore, reagents for and methods of quickly and accurately detecting pathogenic fungi in a sample have been proposed. For instance, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H08-089254 discloses oligonucleotides having specific base sequences, which can be used as probes and primers for detecting pathogenic fungi of candidiasis and aspergillosis, and a method of detecting target fungi using such oligonucleotides. In addition, the same patent document also discloses a primer set used for PCR amplifying a plurality of target fungi in common. Further, the same patent document also discloses a method of identifying fungus species in a sample comprising subjecting a plurality of target fungi in the sample to PCR amplification using the primer set, and then detecting the sequence portions specific to the respective fungi by a hybridization assay using the probes specific to the respective fungi.
On the other hand, a method capable of simultaneously detecting a plurality of oligonucleotides having different base sequences is known. The method uses a probe array in which probes having sequences complementary to the respective base sequences are arranged at intervals on a solid phase (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-313181).

Probe, probe set, probe carrier, and testing method


To provide a liquid crystal display device in which it is possible, with a simple configuration, to avoid a bright spot defect caused by a polishing flaw, called a dimple, formed in a surface of an observer side substrate of a liquid crystal display panel.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and in particular relates to a liquid crystal display device to a surface of a liquid crystal display panel of which a transparent cover is affixed by means of an adhesive.
2. Related Art
For example, as a liquid crystal display device for a portable telephone, one is known in which a protective cover (a transparent cover) made of, for example, an acryl resin, or the like, is disposed on a surface of its liquid crystal display panel, and they are affixed together with an adhesive.
A liquid crystal display device is also known which, in the event that an air layer exists between a protective cover and a liquid crystal display panel, as an unnecessary interface reflection occurs in an interface with the air layer, causing a reduction in a display contrast, is configured having the protective cover affixed to the liquid crystal display panel by means of the adhesive (which has a refractive index close to that of the transparent cover) in advance.
Herein, the liquid crystal display panel is configured having a pair of substrates made of, for example, glass bonded together via a seal material, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates. Then, a polarizing plate is disposed, by means of an adhesive, on a surface of each substrate opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
For this reason, the protective cover is configured affixed to a top surface of the polarizing plate disposed on an observer side of the liquid crystal display panel.
A liquid crystal display device of this kind of configuration is disclosed in JP-A-2007-178758. Also, as patent documents relating to the invention, apart from JP-A-2007-178758, there are JP-A-2001-42301, JP-A-4-326419, JP-A-2006-221187 and JP-A-2007-128129.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes:                a liquid crystal display panel having a first substrate, a second substrate disposed on an observer side of the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate, and        a transparent cover affixed by means of a first bonding member to a surface of the liquid crystal display panel on the observer side, wherein        the transparent cover has an optical member affixed by means of a second bonding member to a surface of the transparent cover facing the second substrate,        the second substrate has a chemically polished surface on the observer side,        the first bonding member, as well as making direct contact with both the polished surface of the second substrate and the optical member, covers all of a surface portion of the second substrate facing a display area, and        the first bonding member is 30 to 200 μm in thickness, while the second bonding member is 10 to 25 μm in thickness.


An air filter for use in a residential HVAC system includes filtration media including a base layer and a sorbent layer including adhesive fibers and sorbent particles.

The present invention relates generally to filtration and, more particularly, to an air filter including sorbent particles.
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment utilizing a pressurized flow of air, for example, forced air furnaces for heating homes, are equipped with a filter to remove airborne contaminants, such as dust, debris, pollen, VOC's etc., from the air stream that passes through the filter. Suitable filters for use in these applications are commonly referred to as furnace filters, and are sold under a number of brand names. Examples of furnace filters are sold by 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn., under the trade designation Filtrete®.
Air filters including adsorbent particles are known in the prior art. U.S. Pat. No. 6,423,123 (Rosenberg et al.), for example, discloses a filter material, in particular in the form of a flat article, for fluid media, comprising a carrier layer and an adsorption layer, wherein the adsorption layer is formed by melt adhesive threads loaded with adsorber particles.


A rotor assembly system for a manufacturing cell includes a central robotic system comprising a multi-axial central robot and a conveyor platform and one or more multi-axial auxiliary robotic systems secured at one or more locations within the cell. The conveyor platform is operable to move the central robot within the cell. The central robotic system and the one or more auxiliary robotic systems are configured to perform a plurality of rotor manufacturing processes on at least one rotor component in coordination with one another, and the central robotic system is configured to transfer the at least one rotor component between one or more rotor manufacturing processes of the plurality of rotor manufacturing processes.

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
Recent advancements in electric converters such as electric motors and/or generators relate not only to performance, but also to manufacturing, as the need for electric converters has increased in various industries including automotive. More particularly, in the automotive industry, electric motors can vary across different platforms since powertrain requirements of a small vehicle is different from that of a truck. For example, with respect to the rotor of the electric motor, the overall size of the rotor (e.g., diameter, height, etc.) to the type of magnets installed, can vary platform-to-platform. Such variations can result in complex rigid assembly lines that impede dynamic flexible configurations.
Furthermore, rotors are complex assemblies, typically having a plurality of rotor cores with a plurality of magnets disposed in pockets of the rotor cores. Such a construction can be seen, by way of example, in U.S. Publication No. 2018/0287439, which is commonly owned with the present application and the contents of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
These and other issues related to the assembly of a rotor are addressed by the present disclosure.

Rotor assembly method and system employing central multi-tasking robotic system


The invention provides methods utilizing Prins reaction in the preparation of compounds that may be useful as intermediates in the synthesis of halichondrin macrolides and analogs thereof. The invention also provides compounds that may be useful as intermediates in the synthesis of a halichondrin macrolides and methods for preparing the same.

The invention relates to intermediates useful in the synthesis of pharmaceutically active macrolide compounds and methods of synthesizing macrolide compounds. Halichondrin B is a potent anticancer agent originally isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria okadai, and subsequently found in Axinella sp., Phakellia carteri, and Lissodendoryx sp. A total synthesis of halichondrin B was published in 1992 (Aicher, T. D. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114:3162-3164). Further synthetic and structure-activity relationship studies have been disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,338,865 and 5,436,238 and in Towle et al., Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research, Apr. 6-10, 2002, 5721 and Wang et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 10:1029-1032, 2000. Eribulin mesylate (also called Halaven®, E7389, and the mesylate salt of B1939), a nontaxane microtubule dynamics inhibitor, is a structurally simplified, synthetic analog of halichondrin B. Methods and intermediates for the synthesis of certain halichondrin B analogs and intermediates are described in International Publication Nos. WO 2005/118565, WO 2009/046308, WO 2009/064029, and WO 2009/124237, WO 2015/066729, and WO 2016/179607; U.S. Pat. No. 6,214,865; Austad et al., Synlett 24(3):333-337, 2013; Austad et al., Synlett. 24(3):327-332, 2013; and Chase et al., Synlett 24(3):323-326, 2013. New methods for the synthesis of halichondrin and its analogs (e.g., macrolide analogs) are desirable.

Prins reaction and compounds useful in the synthesis of halichondrin macrolides and analogs thereof


Disclosed herein is a fishing rod holder, comprising a rod holder pivotably attached to a base member; the rod holder comprising a main pivot arm, a trigger pivot arm and a resilient member attachment point, a trigger pivotably attached to the rod holder at the trigger pivot arm; the base member comprises a main pivot support having at least one trigger groove disposed therein, which is attached to the base member, a trigger resilient member attached to a main pivot end of the main pivot support, wherein the trigger is dimensioned to releasingly engage the trigger groove, and wherein the trigger resilient member is dimensioned and arranged to engage the trigger, and a main resilient member attached between the base and the resilient member attachment point. The fishing rod holder has a cocked configuration and a released configuration. A method of using the fishing rod holder is also disclosed.

The present invention generally relates to apparatus and method for a fishing rod holder. More specifically, the present invention relates to apparatus and methods relating to a fishing rod holder with a cocked configuration and a released configuration operable by an external force applied to the fishing rod.
Fishing rod holders include those which merely hold the fishing rod, and those which are set, and upon the fish engaging the line of the fishing rod, respond by setting the hook, providing a signal that activity has occurred, or both. Fishing rod holders which provide a response consistent with setting the hook are fit into two major categories. Fishing rod holders may be triggered by a force applied to the fishing rod, or may be responsive to the movement of the fishing line itself. Fishing rod holders which require a physical attachment between the trigger mechanism and the fishing line may be complicated in design, and present the opportunity of abnormal wear and possible entanglement of the fishing line.
Fishing rod holders which are responsive to a force applied to the fishing rod may be unreliable in triggering, or may lack the necessary amount of force to adequately set a hook while fishing. Accordingly, a need exists for a fishing rod holder with a reliable trigger mechanism that does not require contact with the fishing line, which provides adequate force to set a hook upon activation.


A lithographic apparatus includes an illumination system configured to provide a radiation beam; a patterning device configured to pattern the radiation beam to form a patterned radiation beam; and a projection system configured to project the patterned radiation beam onto a substrate. An optical assembly includes multiple optical elements two-dimensionally arranged between a radiation source and the patterning device to create a predetermined angular distribution of the radiation beam. In order to improve the uniformity of the radiation beam the optical elements are selected from a predetermined number of optical elements having different shapes and/or sizes.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a lithographic apparatus and a method for manufacturing a device.
2. Description of the Related Art
A lithographic apparatus is a machine that applies a desired pattern onto a substrate, usually onto a target portion of the substrate. A lithographic apparatus can be used, for example, in the manufacture of integrated circuits (ICs) An example of such an integrated circuit is a CMOS image sensor or a charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor. In the manufacturing of those devices, a patterning device, which may be alternatively referred to as a mask or a reticle, may be used to generate a circuit pattern to be formed on an individual layer of the IC or image sensor. This pattern can be transferred onto a target portion (e.g. including part of one or several dies) on a substrate (e.g. a silicon wafer). Transfer of the pattern is typically via imaging onto a layer of radiation-sensitive material (resist) provided on the substrate. In general, a single substrate will contain a network of adjacent target portions that are successively patterned. Known lithographic apparatus include steppers, in which each target portion is irradiated by exposing an entire pattern onto the target portion at one time, and scanners, in which each target portion is irradiated by scanning the pattern through a radiation beam having a rectangular shape in a given direction (the "scanning" direction) while synchronously scanning the substrate parallel or anti-parallel to this direction. In order to obtain a uniform illumination of the pattern the lithography apparatus includes a multi lens array. The multi lens array equalizes the intensity distribution in the illumination beam.
The intra-dose uniformity IDU is defined as
  IDU  =                    3                σ            M            100        %  wherein σ represents the standard deviation of the measuring intensities, and M represents the average of the measured intensities in the rectangle shape illuminated by the slit. In case CMOS sensors or CCD sensor are manufactured with the aid of the known lithographic projection very tight restrictions are necessary of the intra-field dose uniformity, because small variations in the intra-field dose may cause undesired variations in the captured image of the CMOS sensor or CCD sensor.

Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method


A sport racket includes a neck and a handle. The neck has an outer tapered wall provided with an outer bottom formed with the outer tapered wall; and an inner tapered wall provided with an inner bottom formed with the inner tapered wall. The handle has a tapered wall defining an open chamber to receive the outer bottom of the neck; an elastomer securely abutting a bottom defining the chamber; and a threaded bolt extending through the inner bottom, the outer bottom, the bottom of the chamber and the elastomer to screw into a nut.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a handle and a neck for a racket, and more particularly to a handle detachably connected to a neck of a racket so that a damper can be mounted between the handle and the neck to absorb shock and vibration and prevent transmission of the shock and vibration to the player""s hand.
2. Description of Related Art
The physical characteristics of a racket such as the weight, the balance, the length and the size of the handle, etc. are crucial to a player. Another important factor to the player is the rigidity of the racket. Some players prefer a rigid racket, and some players prefer a racket with more flexibility. No matter how different the characteristics of individual rackets may be, after the racket is produced, the rigidity of the racket is fixed, and the player has no way to adjust the rigidity. Because of the fixed rigidity of the racket, the player will have to adjust his playing techniques to the particular court whenever the player goes to a new court. To mitigate the problem, having a racket with adjustable rigidity seems to be the solution to overcome the problems caused by different court characteristics. With reference to FIG. 4A, the joint between a conventional neck (50) and a conventional handle (60) with a grip (61) has a resilient transition element (62) mounted between the bottom of the neck (50) and the top of the handle (60) and a collar (63) mounted over outer peripheral edges of the neck (50) and the handle (60) to cover the resilient transition element (62). With such an arrangement, whenever the player swings the racket, the shock and vibration from the racket is able to be absorbed by the resilient transition element (62). Thus injury to the player""s wrist is prevented. However, even a racket provided with the resilient transition element (62) has a fixed rigidity, which means the player still has to practice in advance and adjust his playing techniques to accommodate the features of a strange court. Furthermore, the engagement of the elements of the structure is based on the expansion of the resilient transient element (62), which causes a friction in a longitudinal direction of the racket. This engagement between elements is not solid.
With reference to FIG. 4B, another conventional neck (70) and handle (80) is shown. It is noted that the bolt (71) extends through the elastomer (90) which is received between the joint of the neck (70) and the handle (80) to securely connect the handle (80) to the neck (70). The elastomer (90) will push the handle (80) away from the neck (70) so the structure is not able to have a good shock absorbing effect and a firm structure at the same time.
To overcome the shortcomings, the present invention tends to provide an improved neck and handle of a racket to mitigate and obviate the aforementioned problems.
The primary objective of the invention is to provide an elastomer having an adjustable flexibility in the handle so that the player is able to adjust the rigidity of the racket when required.
Another objective of the invention is to provide a neck with tapered walls and a handle with a tapered chamber complementary to the tapered walls to receive the tapered walls of the neck. With such an arrangement, the engagement between the neck and the handle will not detach easily.
Other objectives, advantages and novel features of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings


A process for the polymerisation of olefins is disclosed wherein at least part of a stream, preferably a catalytically active stream, withdrawn from a polymerisation reactor is passed through a fractionator so as to remove hydrogen and active fines.

An example is in multimodal polymerisation reactions, where the polymers are typically manufactured in reactors connected in series with reaction conditions being differentiated in each reactor. In order to have maximum control of final product properties, it is preferred to have full and independent control of the molecular weight and the density of the polymer produced in each reactor; molecular weight is typically controlled using hydrogen. Consequently it is usually necessary to remove hydrogen from the product stream of a first reactor operating at higher hydrogen concentration than a second reactor in series with the first. The polymer from an upstream reactor to be fed to a downstream reactor in series is typically withdrawn with diluents (gaseous and/or liquid), catalysts and reagents such as monomer(s), comonomer(s), molecular weight control agents such as hydrogen, and cocatalysts. Various technical solutions are known to remove these undesired diluents and/or reagents, including hydrogen, either fully or partially from the polymer prior to its entry into the downstream reactor(s). Such techniques typically include pressure reduction to vaporise undesired components.
In EP 603935A a process is described in which a bimodal polyethylene is produced in series reactors with a low molecular weight homopolymer component being formed in the first reactor and a high molecular weight copolymer component being incorporated in the second reactor, with hydrogen being used to control the molecular weight. There is no discussion of how to remove residual hydrogen between the reactors. In EP 192427A and EP 897934A a significant pressure reduction between the two reactors is employed to remove at least a portion of the hydrogen present. This process is acceptable when the diluent remains substantially in the liquid phase under the pressure reduction conditions required to achieve the desired removal of hydrogen: however if a more volatile diluent is employed, or if a greater degree of hydrogen separation is required, then a more effective method is desirable. Slurry processes employing light (ie relatively volatile) solvents exhibit certain advantages over heavier solvent systems. For example, polyolefin oligomers tend to be less soluble, and the solvent is readily and substantially completely removed from the polymer product. However, hydrogen gas must be virtually completely removed between prior and subsequent stages, otherwise process control of the subsequent stage is difficult and high molecular weight may be impossible to attain. Light solvents tend to flash away with the hydrogen. If too much solvent flashes off, solids in the slurry take-off increase to such a high level that the slurry may no longer be pumpable. If solvent flash-off is reduced, hydrogen separation is poor. A further difficulty is that polymer entrained in the flash gas is still catalytically active and may polymerise further, causing problems with fouling of any apparatus employed for hydrogen removal or other separation. Thus it is necessary either to remove or to deactivate the residual polymer. Hence it can be seen that for this type of polymerisation reaction there is a need for an improved process for removing hydrogen between stages.
In US 2003/0191251 two flash vessels are used for the separation of hydrogen from a light diluent between polymerisation reactors. Each vessel has only one equilibrium stage. Significant diluent make-up is required after the first flash step due to a high diluent loss.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,658,780 a polypropylene slurry withdrawn from a polymerisation reactor is treated with catalyst removal agents and the catalyst then washed out, thereby rendering the stream catalytically inactive, prior to fractionation of the stream to remove hydrogen.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,045,661 a stream withdrawn from a reactor polymerising ethylene and hexene in isobutane is passed through flash vessels, and entrained polymer particles removed in a cyclone. At least a portion of the vapour is then compressed before being passed to a fractionator to separate the components. In this process it is stated that removal of entrained solids ensures that the fractionated material is not catalytically active.


A system reproduces data from an optical disk in which a signal obtained by encoding recording data in accordance with a recording rule including a rule corresponding to a partial response class I characteristic has been recorded. The system includes an optical head for reproducing a signal from the optical disk, an analog-to-digital converter for sampling the signal reproduced by the optical head at predetermined timing and for outputting sampling data, a determination unit for determining, based on the sampling data from the analog-to-digital converter, a transition state of data to be reproduced in accordance with a transmission line characteristic of the reproduction system for the optical disk, and a data decision unit for deciding maximum likelihood reproduction data at present timing based on the determination result obtained by the determination unit.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a data readout system applied to optical disk units, such as magento-optical disk units, and more particularly to a data readout system for reproducing, in accordance with a maximum likelihood data detection method, data from an optical disk in which data has been recorded based on a partial response characteristic.
(2) Description of Related Art
Due to large capacity, changeability, high reliability and the like, popularization of magneto-optic disk units is accelerated so that units capable of recording and reproducing image data and units capable of recording codes for computers have been proposed.
A recording system of a conventional optical disk unit is essentially formed as shown in FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 1, there are provided an optical disk 1, an optical head 2, a data output unit 3, a modulator 4 and a laser driving unit 5. Data from the data output unit 3 is modulated by the modulator 4, and the modulated signal is supplied to the laser driving unit 5. The laser driving unit 5 then drives a laser diode (LD) in the optical head 2 based on the modulated signal, so that data is recorded in the optical disk 1. In a recording process, data, a laser driving signal and pits formed on the optical disk are shown, for example, in FIG. 2. That is, pits are formed at positions at which the laser diode is turned on in accordance with the recording data. In addition, in a case where a magentooptical disk is used, magnetic domains are formed as pits on the magneto-optical disk.
A reproduction system is essentially formed as shown in FIG. 3. Referring to FIG. 3, there are provided the optical disk 1, the optical head 2, an amplifier 6, a filter/equalizer 7, a peak detector 8, a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit 9 and a demodulator 10. The laser diode in the optical head 2 is turned on with a power Pr so that a laser beam is irradiated on the optical disk 1. Based on a reflected beam obtained from the optical disk 1, a reproduction signal as shown in FIG. 4 is obtained. The reproduction signal passes through the aplifier 6, and waveform shaping of the reproduction signal is carried out by an automatic gain controller (AGC), a low-pass filter (LPF) and an equalizer (Eq). After this, the reproduction signal is supplied to the peak detector 8. The peak detector 8 differentiates the reproduction signal, detects zero-cross points of the differential signal so as to detect peak points of the reproduction signal. The peak detector 8 then outputs a pulse signal referred to as row data. The row data is supplied to the PLL circuit 9 and separated data synchronized with a clock is output from the PLL circuit 9. The separated data is demodulated to the original recording data by the demodulator 10.
In a case where data has been recorded in a low recording density, the reproduction signal as shown in FIG. 5A is obtained. In a case where data has been recorded in a high recording density, the reproduction signal as shown in FIG. 5B is obtained. Noises caused by the laser diode (LD) and the optical disk 4 and noises generated in circuits are superposed on the waveform of the reproduction signal. The higher the data recording density on the optical disk 1, the smaller the amplitude of the reproduction signal due to the heat interference in a recording process and the waveform interference in a reproduction process. As a result, in the conventional detecting system, a detecting margin is lowered, so that errors occur easily.


An X-ray imaging apparatus including: X-ray generation means that irradiates X-rays from the focus and that has a first portion changing so as to have a first change component and a second portion changing so as to have a second change component, which is different from the first change component; focus position detection means that detects a focus position when the X-rays are irradiated; focus position change amount estimation means that estimates the amount of change in the focus position at an arbitrary point of time with respect to the reference position of the focus using a first amount of change, which changes so as to have the first change component, and a second amount of change, which changes so as to have the second change component; and correction means that corrects the positions of the irradiation region of the X-rays so as to cancel the amount of change in the focus position estimated by the focus position change amount estimation means.

The X-ray CT apparatus is an apparatus that acquires a tomographic image (hereinafter, described as a reconstructed image) of an object by calculating an X-ray absorption coefficient from an X-ray transmission image (hereinafter, described as projection data) of the object imaged from a plurality of directions. The X-ray CT apparatus is widely used in the medical or non-destructive inspection field. In particular, increasing the speed of rotational driving or arranging X-ray detectors in multiple stages in a rotation axis direction is in progress in the medical field in recent years. In this manner, it has been possible to image the whole of moving organs, such as the heart, without causing blurring.
An X-ray tube used as an X-ray source in these X-ray CT apparatuses generates X-rays by accelerating thermal electrons, which are generated by the filament, with a high voltage while making the thermal electrons converge on the focus and collide with the rotating anode target. In this case, some of the energy of the thermal electrons is converted into X-rays, but most of the energy of the thermal electrons is converted into heat. Accordingly, the temperature at the focus becomes high. Due to this heat, the temperature of the rotary shaft that supports the X-ray target is increased and this causes expansion and contraction (hereinafter, referred to as thermal expansion). As a result, the focus position changes. Then, since the generated heat is directed to the outside by radiation or a cooler, the temperature of the rotary shaft of the X-ray target or the like falls. Since this causes a contraction, the focus position changes again. In many X-ray CT apparatuses, as shown in FIG. 19, a rotary shaft 402 of an X-ray target 400 in an X-ray tube 100 is disposed such that the direction of the rotary shaft 402 matches the direction of a rotary shaft 403 of a gantry rotation unit 101, and this direction matches a slice direction 107 of an X-ray detector 104. Therefore, if the focus position shifts due to the thermal expansion of the rotary shaft 402 of the X-ray target or the like occur, the X-ray irradiation range changes in the slice direction 107.
Such thermal expansion may cause the degradation of image quality, such as the occurrence of artifacts or a lowering in the quantitative capability, in a reconstructed image. This phenomenon will be described with reference to FIG. 20. FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing that a change in the X-ray irradiation range becomes the cause of the occurrence of artifacts, a lowering in the quantitative capability, and the like, where FIG. 20(a) shows an example of the X-ray irradiation range and FIG. 20(b) shows an example of the X-ray irradiation range that is different from FIG. 20(a). FIG. 20 shows two X-ray detection elements 228, which are located at the end in a slice direction and are adjacent to each other in a channel direction 108, in an X-ray detector in which the X-ray detect ion elements 228 are arranged in a two-dimensional manner in the slice direction 107 and the channel direction 108. In addition, in FIGS. 20(a) and 20(b), X-ray irradiation ranges 404 are different.
There is a positional deviation in the slice direction 107 between X-ray detection elements 228-1 and 228-2 described in FIG. 20. This is because of positional deviation or deformation occurring in scintillator elements or photodiode elements which form the X-ray detection elements at the time of manufacturing or assembly, positional deviation or deformation occurring at the time of bonding or mounting of a block substrate configured to include scintillator elements or photodiode elements, positional deviation between arranged modules when an X-ray detector is formed by a plurality of X-ray detection modules, or the like.
It is difficult to completely eliminate such positional deviation.
Thus, when there is a positional deviation in the slice direction between the X-ray detection elements 228, the X-ray detection elements 228-1 and 228-2 show different changes if the irradiation range moves in the slice direction 107 from FIG. 20(a) to FIG. 20(b). In the X-ray detection element 228-1, the output does not change since X-rays are incident on the entire X-ray detection element in both the cases shown in FIGS. 20(a) and 20(b). On the other hand, in the X-ray detection element 228-2, in the case shown in FIG. 20(b), the output is reduced since X-rays do not strike apart of the X-ray detection element. Such an output change that differs depending on the X-ray detection element 228 causes the occurrence of artifacts or a lowering in the quantitative capability in a reconstructed image.
In order to prevent a change in the X-ray irradiation range due to such a focus shift, for example, as disclosed in PTL 1, an X-ray collimator is moved by estimating the focus position at the time of next X-ray irradiation using the focus position detected at the time of the last X irradiation and cooling characteristic data.

X-ray imaging apparatus and X-ray focus position control method of X-ray imaging apparatus


A portable manway hinge device has a pair of hinge plates where each hinge plate has a support member with a hinge aperture positioned for alignment with a bolt opening of a manway cover and a manway flange, a linkage member adjacent a first end of each hinge plate and extending out of the plane of the hinge plate, and a pivotal connection coupling overlapping pairs of the linkage member of the pair of hinge plates.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to "manway" covers for access to enclosed spaces such as tanks, conduits, storage areas, heat exchanger tubes. Particularly, the present invention relates to mechanisms to assist in the removal of "manway" covers. More particularly, the present invention relates to mechanisms for handling the removal and installation of "manway" covers that are too heavy to be handled by an unaided individual.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Manway covers are typically large, heavy, metal plates that are bolted to an opening. For purposes of the present invention, the definition of "manway covers" expressly means any heavy covers or closures used on pressure vessels, vacuum vessels, atmospheric vessels, heat exchangers, heat exchanger channel covers, heat exchanger channels, heat exchanger bonnets, heat exchanger shell covers, dished heads, domed heads, half covers such as on divided water box heat exchangers, chiller condensers, chiller heat exchangers, chiller coolers, inspection ports, or any type of blanking plate and is not construed to be limited to only covers used on openings that are dimensionally-sized to allow passage of a man. The most common are circularly-shaped and mate to a flange by way of a plurality of bolts evenly spaced around the periphery of the opening. However, it should be understood that the heavy covers may be any shape. The defined manway covers typically provide access to enclosed spaces such as tanks, conduits, storage areas, transfer tubes, pressure vessels, vacuum vessels, atmospheric vessels, heat exchangers, heat exchanger channel covers, heat exchanger channels, heat exchanger bonnets, and the like. These types of covers are typically found in power plants, co-generation power plants, steam generation plants, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, refineries, pharmaceutical plants, air separation plants, beverage plants, food processing plants, heating and cooling facilities, buildings with central heating and cooling systems, buildings with chiller cooling systems, water treatment plants, waste management plants, dairies, tank farms, gas storage facilities, liquid natural gas storage facilities, manufacturing facilities and or any facility that has tanks, vessels, piping, heat exchangers, chillers, boilers, turbines and/or equipment of similar nature.
Routine servicing and inspection requirements as well as other operating conditions necessitate periodic removal of these covers. In view of the typical location and weight of the covers, it is not a simple task to remove the cover or to re-install the same. Removal is currently accomplished with the use of hand operated davit swing arms, chain falls, ratchet hoists, and brute force. Except for davit swing arms, it is necessary during the removal process to lower the covers a distance to a level surface.
Various devices have been devised to facilitate manway cover removal and re-installation. U.S. Patent Application Publication 2005/0242051 (2005, Porebski et al.) discloses a removable cover support system having a base member and a securing mechanism slidably insertable through at least one of a cover flange hole of a cover assembly, a retaining sleeve connected to the securing base assembly, a swingarm assembly rotatably supported by the retaining sleeve, and a lifting mechanism connected to the swingarm assembly.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,519,519 (1985, Meuschke et al.) discloses a davit assembly that is connected with a transfer tube and a hatch cover to move the cover away. The davit assembly, which is a swingarm, is permanently attached to the outside of the transfer tube.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,297,072 (1981, Shah et al.) discloses a manway handling apparatus having a support arm pivotally mountable on equipment having elliptical manway access openings. The support arm when mounted is swingable toward and away from an access opening and carries a bearing block supporting bracket which is longitudinally adjustably positionable on the arm. The bearing block is vertically adjustably positionable in the bracket and slidably supports a shaft which is attachable to an elliptical cover. The shaft carries structure means which when actuated by turning of a crank handle is effective for tilting the cover and to facilitate its installation and removal.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,865,513 (1989, Norris) discloses a portable manway cover handling apparatus. A boom is mounted within a sleeve for longitudinal translation and the sleeve is hinged to a base plate that is securable by a C-clamp to a superstructure beam in front of a manway cover. A hydraulic actuator bears against the sleeve to adjust its elevation. A powered cable winch is joined to one end of the boom and its cable passes through the boom, which is hollow to the opposite end, and about a pulley to a fastener for attachment to an eye secured in the upper edge of the manway cover. A presser foot is hydraulically actuated to bear against the manway cover with the cable attached to the cover so that the bolts holding the cover in place can be removed. Guide pins are provided for installation in the mounting flange to pilot the cover into registration with the bolt holes when the cover is to be mounted rather than demounted.
The prior art devices suffer from various disadvantages. The swingarm devices are bulky and comprise multiple parts for removably attaching the assembly to the manway or the swingarms are permanently attached to the manway. Other devices are also large, bulky and complicated structures using a boom that requires the base plate of the device to be secured by a C-clamp to a superstructure beam.
Therefore, what is needed is a manway cover handling device that is compact and portable. What is also needed is a manway cover handling device that is easy to attach and remove from a manway only when the manway cover needs to be removed. What is further needed is a manway cover handling device that is relatively lightweight compared to prior art devices. What is still further needed is a manway cover handling device that is simple to assemble.


The present relates to a method for providing a terminal with a service in a mobile communication system which includes transmitting to mobility management entity an attach request message for initiating registration of the terminal having a virtual IP address with the mobile communication system; registering, at the mobility management entity, location of the terminal with a home subscriber server; and completing the registration by transmitting an attach accept message from the mobility management entity to the terminal. The present invention is capable of registering a terminal with a mobile communication system initially without bearer path and IP address allocation and, when a packet address to the terminal occurs, allocating the radio resource, bearer resource, and IP address through paging procedure, thereby proving the UE with the service.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for providing a User Equipment with a service in a mobile communication system. In particular, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for registering a User Equipment with the mobile communication system initially without bearer path and IP address allocation and, when a packet addressed to the User Equipment occurs, allocating radio resource and bearer resource and IP address to the User Equipment through a paging procedure.
2. Description of the Related Art
Mobile communication systems developed to provide the subscribers with voice communication services on the move. With the rapid advance of technologies, the mobile communication systems have evolved to support high speed data communication services as well as the standard voice communication services. However, the limited resource and user requirements for higher speed services in the current mobile communication system spurs the evolution to more advanced mobile communication system.
Recently, as one of the next generation mobile communication systems, Long Term Evolution (LTE) is on the standardization by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). LTE is a technology designed to provide high speed packet-based communication of up to 100 Mbps. In order to meet this requirement, several schemes are being discussed: one scheme for reducing the number of nodes located in a communication path by simplifying a configuration of the network, and another scheme for maximally approximating wireless protocols to wireless channels.
Meanwhile, there is many discussions on Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices. An MTC is a form of data communication between machines without mobility unlike the mobile communication. The terminals capable of MTC may include a fixedly-installed vending machine, an indoor electronic appliance, a security monitoring camera, etc.
However, the increase of the number of MTC devices accelerates the IP address shortage problem and thus there is a need of counterplan.

Method and apparatus for providing services at terminal of mobile communication system

Kyung Hee University Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation


A system includes a flexible member and a tissue engaging member fixed to the flexible member. The tissue engaging member includes a barb preformed to extend rearward from a distal end of the flexible member at an acute angle relative to the flexible member.

This section provides background information related to the present disclosure which is not necessarily prior art.
In tissue repairs such as rotator cuff repairs and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions, a suture is typically used to attach soft tissue to bone or to other soft tissue. The soft tissue can be a tendon, a ligament, or cartilage. The suture can be used to hold soft tissue by wrapping the suture around soft tissue or passing the suture through soft tissue. The suture can be attached to bone using a suture anchor. Using knots to attach the suture to soft tissue or to bone may add complexity and time to the procedure.
Accordingly, the present disclosure describes a tissue engaging member that can be attached to a flexible member, such as a suture, or to an elongate member. The tissue engaging member alone can be used as a knotless suture anchor, or the tissue engaging member attached to the elongate member can be used as a knotless suture anchor. The tissue engaging member includes one or more barbs that deflect radially inward to allow insertion of the tissue engaging member into tissue and that deflect radially outward to prevent removal of the tissue engaging member from tissue.


In an embodiment, a first level of confidence corresponding to a first data set presented in a pre-populated form is computed. A visualization suggesting a need for user review in association with the first data set is displayed when the first level of confidence is determined to not meet a first threshold value. In addition, a second level of confidence corresponding to a second data set presented in the pre-populated form is computed. No visualization is presented when the second level of confidence is determined to meet the second threshold value. In an embodiment, an impact associated with an academic course modification is determined and identified according to a user selection from a displayed set of scheduled courses. The impact may include a financial impact, a graduation timeline impact, or a workload impact associated with the modification.

A student at a higher education institution typically interacts with multiple interfaces to complete forms or tasks related to the higher education institution. The student may be required to utilize multiple systems, web sites, and paper documents to complete the forms or tasks. The student may submit data in forms to complete tasks such as scheduling classes, asking questions, and paying bills.
Some applications implement an autofill function for partially or completely filling a form for user review. An autofill function populates a form field with a corresponding data set. The autofill function may store data initially submitted by a user in relation to a field. The user-submitted data is stored in association with a field name corresponding to the field. When another field with the same field name is detected, the autofill function populates the field with the data previously submitted by the user. As an example, a user may enter "Joe" in a field with the field name "First Name". The autofill function may store the "Joe" in association with the field name "First Name." Thereafter, the autofill function monitors for other fields with the same field name. When the autofill function detects another field (for example, in another form) with the same field name "First Name", the autofill function populates the field with the value "Joe."
The approaches described in this section are approaches that could be pursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, it should not be assumed that any of the approaches described in this section qualify as prior art merely by virtue of their inclusion in this section.


An object data manipulation system is provided. The system includes a definition object model that includes a set of dynamic group definitions over a data hierarchy. A cursor component points to a subset of the data hierarchy, where the subset is loaded into memory for further processing.

Computational and memory demands on computing systems continue to increase exponentially as technology develops newer and ever more powerful applications. One such area that has seen recent growth relates to requirements that database processing technologies that deal with dimensional aspects such as row and column processing are now being coupled with other models such as traditional object models having a class/inheritance structure. Thus, many systems often have a need to support both relational database models and object based models where there also needs to be methods in place to bridge the gap between these models. Demands to support such systems are often placed on available operating systems where a plurality of applications interact with the operating system but employ the system to interact with other applications. Some discussion on these two differing types of models is now provided before a discussion on memory constraints imposed by some applications employing such models.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming language model organized around "objects" rather than "actions" and data rather than logic. Historically, a program has been viewed as a logical procedure that takes input data, processes it, and produces output data. The programming challenge was seen as how to write the logic, not how to define the data. Object-oriented programming takes the view that what one really is interested in are the objects to manipulate rather than the logic required to manipulate them. Examples of objects range from human beings (described by name, address, and so forth) to buildings and floors (whose properties can be described and managed) down to the display objects on a computer desktop (such as buttons and scroll bars).
One aspect in OOP is to identify the objects to manipulate and how they relate to each other, an exercise often known as data modeling. When an object has been identified, it can be generalized as a class of objects. Then, define the type of data it contains and any logic sequences that can manipulate it. Each distinct logic sequence is known as a method. A real instance of a class is called an "object" or, in some environments, an "instance of a class." The object or class instance is what executes on the computer. The object's methods provide computer instructions and the class object characteristics provide relevant data. In contrast to object models, relational database models are now described.
Common relational database models are often supported by some type of query language for accessing and managing large amounts of data. Structured Query Language (SQL) is a prevalent database processing language and may be the most popular computer language used to create, modify, retrieve and manipulate data from relational database management systems. The language has evolved beyond its original purpose to support object-relational database management systems. In general, SQL was designed for a specific, limited purpose—querying data contained in a relational database. As such, it is a set-based, declarative computer language rather than an imperative language such as C or BASIC which, being general-purpose, were designed to solve a broader set of problems. Language extensions such as PL/SQL bridge this gap to some extent by adding procedural elements, such as flow-of-control constructs. Another approach is to allow programming language code to be embedded in and interact with the database. For example, Oracle and others include Java in the database, and SQL Server 2005 allows languages to be hosted within the database server process, while PostgreSQL allows functions to be written in a wide variety of languages, including Perl, Tcl, and C.
One area where object models and relational models cooperate is in the context of a reporting system or service. Prior art FIG. 8 shows an example prior art reporting system 800 adapted for an SQL/object model system. The system 800 includes a Rendering Object Model (ROM) 810 that receives data from a report snapshot 820 and outputs to a rendering extension component 830. The rendering extension component 830 receives parameters and other settings at 840 and produces a rendered output in a desired format at 850 (e.g., HTML, PDF).
In general, SQL Reporting Services depicted by the system 800 support a report processing and rendering engine that retrieves data and processes the entire report snapshot 820 as a whole. Thereby, the system 800 pre-generates all report item instances (such as textbox properties and values) in an output format independent intermediate format, and stores this information in chunks (i.e., streams of data). The chunks are de-serialized later during report rendering into the Rendering Object Model 810.
The ROM 810 is a representation of a report in an output-format independent object model representation. In the system 800, the ROM 810 is an instance object model allowing random access to all instances within a dynamic group collection. For example, a report matrix with 1000 row group instances and 1000 column group instances results in an overall matrix size of 1,000,000 cell instances. While all cells are directly accessible through the ROM, only a few may actually be needed to render a specific page at 850. The random-access flexibility of the ROM 810 comes with a considerable memory and performance cost. Despite very advanced caching strategies in the ROM 810, the overall object model still consumes a significant amount of memory and provides a lot of flexibility to rendering extensions 830 that is often not needed for efficient report pagination and layout rendering.


A radio frequency heating apparatus incorporating a radio frequency generater valve (5), a radio frequency impedance matching transformer (7) and a heating coil/element arrangement (14) which is arranged to be selectively displaceable with respect to a working zone, wherein the heating coil or heating element (14) is integrally associated with the radio frequency impedance matching transformer (7) and is so physically separated from the radio frequency generator valve (5) that on displacement of the heating coil/element arrangement the transformer is constrained to move therewith without mechanically displacing the generator valve (5).

The present invention is concerned with induction heating apparatus, and more particularly with apparatus used for commercial and industrial heating purposes.
Induction heating is utilized for a wide range of activities such as, for example, the heating of materials such as metals, for the purposes of brazing, soldering, material hardening, material melting, plastics material curing, molding and gluing materials together and so on.
In the case of known apparatus the induction heating equipment involves a radio frequency electrical generator for the generation of the high frequency electric power field which produces the requisite heating effect in the articles/material to be induction heated.
Commonly, the radio frequency generator apparatus includes, for example, a radio frequency generator, a radio frequency impedance matching transformer, radio frequency concentrator unit and various associated capacitors. The concentrator unit is in turn is operationally coupled to the actual heating coil or heating element.
In practice, it is essential to ensure that this unit is radio frequency radiation safe.
The radio frequency power generator unit when in operation generates considerable quantities of heat so that it is essential to provide arrangements for cooling the various components involved in the high frequency generation arrangements. Generally, the cooling system involves a combination of air cooling and liquid cooling in relation to the actual induction heating coil/element, valve etc. The liquid cooling involves pumping coolant liquid though a fluid circuit including cooling sections, radiator arrangements for enabling the cooling of the coolant itself, and coolant pumping means.
The air cooling arrangements are used to produce a flow of cooling air through the radiator and any components that are more easily cooled by air flows.
Bearing in mind that induction heating equipment is likely to be utilized in a dirty environment it is conventionally necessary to pass any air used for the air cooling through suitable filtration arrangements.
It is a frequent requirement that relative movement should take place between any article or material to be subjected to heat and the heating coil or heating element.
With the known arrangements this relative movement involves inherent problems in that the construction of the power generation system is such that the when it is necessary to displace the heater coil the movements of the heater coil simultaneously moves the radio frequency valve thereby subjecting the latter to the possibility of unnecessary mechanical disturbances and thus damage.

Induction heating apparatus with hinged support and filtered air cooling