A lamp housing for a projector is for accommodating at least a lamp, and a heat-dissipating fan disposed at one side of the lamp housing. The lamp housing includes a housing body, and a baffle plate. In this case, the housing body has a first opening, and the wind blown by the heat-dissipating fan flows from the first opening into the housing body. The baffle plate is disposed between the housing body and the lamp. The baffle plate and the direction of the wind blown by the heat-dissipating fan form an included angle.

1. Field of Invention
The invention relates to a lamp housing and, in particular, to a lamp housing for projectors.
2. Related Art
With rapid development in technologies, projectors have been widely used in various fields, from consumption products to high-tech products and even beyond. For example, they are used for projective exhibition in large-size conferences. They are also used in commercial projection screens or televisions. Therefore, immediate pictorial presentations can be made in reports.
Generally speaking, to ensure highly brightness and clear images onto a screen, high-power lamps are often used as the light source. To protect the fragile lamp of the projector from breaking, the lamp is often disposed inside a lamp housing. As consumers prefer more compact devices, projectors are also made smaller. The result is that the lamp inside the lamp housing faces the problem of difficult heat dissipation.
As shown in FIG. 1, the conventional projector lamp housing 10 accommodates a lamp 11. One side of the lamp housing 10 disposed has a heat-dissipating fan 12, and the other side has an opening 13 to circulate hot air. The lamp 11 consists of a lamp core 111 and a conic lampshade 112 surrounding the lamp core 111. Wind blown out from the heat-dissipating fan 12 flows toward the surface of the lampshade 112 to lower the temperature inside the lamp housing 10.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the air flow analysis inside the project lamp housing 10 shows that the air blown by the heat-dissipating fan 12 forms a turbulent region W on the lee side of the lampshade 112 after passing the lampshade 112. The air inside the turbulent almost does not flow. Therefore, there is barely any effect on heat dissipation on the lee side of the lamp 11. Moreover, there is an obvious temperature difference between the lee side and the wind-facing side of the lamp 11. The larger the turbulent region W is, the larger high-temperature area the lamp 11 has. The most significant consequence is shortening the life-span of the lamp 11. Therefore, how to evenly distribute wind blown out from the heat-dissipating fan 12 around the lamp 11 for improving heat dissipation and ensuring the lamp quality has always been an important issue in the industry.


A treatment of a heater tube intended to be used in a pressurizer of the primary cooling system of a nuclear reactor. In particular, the heater tube comprises a heater housed in a substantially cylindrical sheath. The material of which this sheath is made is a work-hardened austenitic stainless steel. In particular, the external surface of the sheath is liable to undergo a stress corrosion during use of the heatertube. The method includes a heat treatment step, preferably using induction heating, in which the external surface of the sheath is heat-treated so as to recrystallize the material of the sheath at least on the surface thereof.

A heater tube, for such a pressurizer of a primary cooling system, normally comprises an outer metal casing that has an elongated cylindrical shape (for example 22 mm diameter by 2 m long approximately) called a "sheath", and a heater mounted inside the sheath.
Such tubes are mounted on a lower portion of the pressurizer, as explained in detail in document FR-2 895 206, and are submerged in the water of the primary cooling system that contains the pressurizer. They are used to raise the operating pressure of the primary cooling system. It will thus be understood that the tubes are under load when in use and undergo, in particular, thermal stress which, when combined with work-hardening stress as described below, potentially causes stress corrosion.
Incidents have shown that leaks could occur on the heater tubes of the state of the art. In particular, the sheath of a tube can crack, such that the inside of the tube is open to the water present in the pressurizer. There follows a possible deterioration of the heater of the tube, loss of operation of the tube, or even the leaking of the pressurized water to the outside of the pressurizer, through the inner space of the tube.
As a result, a solution is sought for limiting the risks of cracking of the sheath, due in particular to the stress corrosion that the sheath undergoes.
A solution was proposed in the above-mentioned document FR-2 895 206 that aimed to deposit a protective nickel coating onto the external surface of the sheath, using electrolysis. However, the solution of adding material leads to an alteration in the geometry of the tube, in particular by increasing the diameter thereof. Moreover, the solution is not completely secure, as the risk of removal of the nickel layer under the effect of impacts or friction cannot be ruled out. Given the increase in diameter, this solution cannot be used with heater tubes that are already manufactured, as they may no longer match the dimensions of the supports. Furthermore, it is lengthy to implement.
The present invention aims to improve the situation.

Treatment of a heater tube intended for a pressurizer of the primary cooling system of a nuclear reactor


A ring damper for reducing vibration and structureborne noise propagation piping systems, comprising a metal ring that is clamped circumferentially around the outer surface of the pipe or duct, said ring defining an annular chamber or cavity that is stuffed with a combination of damping materials.

(1.) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to means for suppressing vibration and structureborne noise propagation in piping systems.
(2.) Description of the Prior Art
It has been found that flow-induced noise and vibration in piping systems or any other cylindrical structures results primarily from the coincidence of bending waves in the wall of the pipe structure and from internal acoustic modes. In order to reduce this vibration and structureborne noise, a number of techniques involving a combination of axial and circumferential stiffeners have been utilized. One such technique is known as constrained layer damping in which the pipe, duct or cylindrical shell is wrapped with an elastomeric material over which is wrapped a metallic sheet material, the two layers being held in place by means of a series of axially spaced steel bands. Another existing technique is known as stave damping-in which the pipe is once again wrapped with an elastomeric material, said layer then being covered with a plurality of elongated metal staves extending axially along the pipe, the assembly then being held in place by a series of axially spaced steel bands. A further technique, known as the tuned absorber method, is actually similar to stave damping except that the elongated metal staves are in spaced relation to each other.
Other techniques comprise the use of high damping alloys, i.e., the pipe or duct is actually constructed of an alloy that inherently exhibits damping characteristics. Still another technique utilizes composite materials wherein the pipe or duct is covered with wound carbon fibers, over which there is provided a coating of carbon impregnated resin.
Although all of the above techniques are somewhat effective for their intended purpose, they nevertheless have serious disadvantages. For example, constrained layer damping, stave damping, tuned absorber, and the use of high damping alloys are costly, bulky, and heavy, and although the use of composite materials is not as heavy and bulky, it is difficult to use this technique, as it is with all of the others, on ducts or pipes that do not have a constant diameter. In other words, none of these prior art techniques are effectively usable where the pipe or duct has an irregular surface, such as a plurality of different diameters caused by steps or shoulders along the length of the pipe. Also, all of these prior art techniques provide a uniform damping along the entire length of the pipe, whereas it is obviously more desirable to be able to specifically locate damping means at the dominant axial wave locations of the pipe, i.e., the specific areas along the length of the pipe where damping is most required.

Ring damper for structureborne noise suppression in piping systems

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


There are disclosed systems, as well as methods of operation, for allocating multi-function resources among a plurality of tasks within a process system. An exemplary resource allocator is introduced that allocates multi-function resources among tasks within a process system capable of executing at least one application process. The resource allocator comprises a monitoring controller, model of the process system and a resource allocation controller. The monitoring controller monitors measurable characteristics associated with the executing application process, multi-function resources and tasks, each of the measurable characteristics being one of a status characteristic and a logistical characteristic. The model represents mathematically the multi-function resources and the tasks, and defines relationships among related ones thereof as a function of the application process. The resource allocation controller operates the model in response to the monitored measurable characteristics and allocates ones of the multi-function resources among ones of the tasks within the process system to efficiently execute the at least one application process.

Allocation of multi-function resources within resource allocation and process control systems may be thought of as the management (i.e., administration, command, control, direction, governance, monitoring, regulation, etc.) of such multi-function resources (e.g., manufacturing tools, instruments, hardware, software, databases, communication/connectivity resources, transportation resources, facilities, utilities, inventories, etc.) among a variety of tasks within a process system.
Process systems may be arranged and implemented to manage large facilities, such as a manufacturing plant, a semiconductor fabrication facility, a mineral or crude oil refinery, or the like, as well as relatively smaller facilities, such as a corporate communications network, a data repository and management system, or the like. Such systems may be distributed or not, and typically include numerous modules tailored to manage various associated processes, wherein conventional means link these modules together to produce the distributed nature of the process system. This affords increased performance and a capability to expand or reduce the process system to satisfy changing needs.
Process systems are developed and tailored to satisfy wide ranges of process requirements, whether local, global or otherwise, and regardless of facility type. Such developers and users of such systems commonly have two principle objectives: to (i) centralize management/control of as many sub-processes or processes as possible to improve overall efficiency and (ii) support a common interface that communicates data among various modules managing/controlling or monitoring the processes, and also with any such centralized controller.
Each process, or group of associated sub-processes or processes, has certain input (e.g., data, diagnostics, feed, flow, power, etc.) and output (e.g., data, pressure, temperature, utilization parameters, etc.) characteristics associated therewith. These, characteristics are measurable, and may be represented in a discernable manner
Predictive control methodologies/techniques may be used to optimize certain processes as a function of such characteristics. Predictive control techniques may use algorithmic representations to estimate characteristic, values (represented as parameters, variables, etc.) associated with them that can be used to better manage such process resources among a plurality of tasks.
Such optimization efforts only account mathematically for the tasks being performed and the process resources then used to resolve the same based upon statistical characteristics only, thereby failing to model and factor into the optimization effort both status and logistical data, as well as to account for human capabilities and interaction (i.e., functions, skills, qualifications, task preferences, track records and the Like) that ultimately utilize the process resources to resolve the tasks. Conventional approaches can exhibit poor response to constantly changing or exigent circumstances, and as such fail to cooperatively optimize process resources, particularly process resources capable of performing multiple functions. What is needed in the art is a powerful and flexible means for dynamically analyzing and modifying process status in a real-time mode through allocation and reallocation of multifunction process resources among a plurality of tasks within a process system.
Using semiconductor fabrication as an example, in order to provide shortest cycle times, highest quality, timely-delivered cost-effective products that meet revenue growth plans, there is a continuous need to improve manufacturing processes and sub-processes, including the content and methods of delivering information to the operations staff.
Information about manufacturing tools and work in process inventory are critical to the decision making process necessary to operate a semiconductor wafer manufacturing line. With complex multi-tool, multi-technology, multi-product resources ("multi-function resources"), a need exists in the industry for a system and method that allocate such multi-function resources among a plurality of tasks within fabrication facility so as to execute a flexible process or plan that responds to work-in-process ("WIP") mix, resource availability changes, associate work schedule and skill sets (e.g., "queue-jumping" hot lots, special work requests, etc.) to meet the requirements of a "just-in-time" environment.
Stated more broadly, a measurement of process efficiency can be defined by how quickly demands by requesting tasks are satisfied through the allocation of process resources. Today, even though human operators assist in the allocation of resources to requesting tasks, decisions to allocate such resources are controlled by management (whether human management based upon periodic reports (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly or, even, quarterly), or automated management based upon periodic batched data, or some combination of the two) which reacts or decides based upon stale data, rather than reacting/deciding dynamically.
Therefore, a further need exists for a process system and related graphical user interface through which management reacts timely relative to conventional systems based upon dynamic data.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Systems for allocating multi-function resources in a process system and methods of operating the same


A casing structural arm of a turbo-engine is fixed between an external ferrule and a hub of the casing and is formed as a composite material. The arm has one leading edge, one trailing edge, one radially external edge and one radially internal edge. These four edges define the four corners of the arm and securing of the arm to the ferrule and said hub is ensured by two pairs of linking braces respectively secured to the four corners of the arm.

These structural arms are generally made of titanium owing to the high resistance of this substance. However, so as to reduce the weight of these arms, it has been considered to make them from a composite material. Now, the diameters of turbojet engine casings, especially currently studied double-flow casings, are so large that a large number of problems are posed concerning the resistance of these composite material arms, the transmission of stresses by these arms over a significant distance length, as well as the linking of these arms, namely first with the metallic hub of the casing and secondly with the external ferrule, which is also metallic.
European patent EP-A-O 274 293 has already described a double flow turbo-engine inlet casing comprising a set of arms made of a composite material disposed radially, each of them comprising a metallic tie rod forming the central core of this arm. The tie rod is fixed between the external ferrule and the internal hub and is prestressed via the tightening of a nut. Accordingly, the hub is a floating type hub and is borne by said radial tie rods. However, this type of device does not reduce the overall weight of the casing since the weight gain obtained by the use of the composite material is compensated by the relatively heavy metallic tie rod.
Patent application FR-A-2 522 362 also describes the mounting elements provided on one internal casing and on one external casing and fitted with housings intended to respectively receive one of the two extremities of a vane. These mounting elements make it possible to instal and remove a vane separately and elastically support these vanes.
Finally, the patent application FR-A-2 610 673 also describes a multiflow turbojet engine with an external blowing rectifier ring and comprising a stage of vanes with fixed rectifiers without a platform and regularly disposed between one internal ring and one external ring. These internal and external rings have a set of notches allowing for fixing the two extremities of the vanes of the rectifier.
The two devices described above complicate the construction of the casing and require the addition of mounting elements. Thus further increasing the overall weight of the casing.

Structural arm of the casing of a turbo-engine

Societe Nationale d'Etude et de Construction de Moteurs d'Aviation "S.N.E.C.M.A."


A transport status estimation system includes a storage unit configured to store container information in which a container ID and loaded cargo information, an input unit configured to receive input of tracking information, a specifying unit configured to specify which cargo in the loaded cargo information corresponds to the tracking target cargo according to a degree of coincidence between the loading time and the loading location of each cargo included in the loaded cargo information and the loading time and the loading location of the tracking target cargo included in the tracking information, and specify the container ID of the container in which a specified cargo is accommodated based on the container information, and an estimating unit configured to estimate a transport status of the tracking target cargo based on the container ID.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H9-231428 discloses a transport method in which, when a cargo is loaded on a truck, information on the cargo is transferred to an in-vehicle terminal such that the information on the cargo and the truck transporting the cargo are linked.
Here, for example, when the cargo is transshipped from the truck to a ship and is transported, the information on a container transported by the ship (information on the cargo accommodated in the container) is made unknown, and thus it is likely that a cargo owner does not grasp the transport status. That is, according to the technique of the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, the transport status of the cargo is specified in the situation where the cargo is being delivered by truck. However, for example, for the cargo that has gone through customs and is being transported by sea, it is conceivable that the transport status of the cargo (which container accommodates a company's own cargo, where is the company's cargo being delivered, or the like) is not specified. For example, when an emergency occurs at sea, it is likely that a situation where the traceability of the cargo is not ensured for the cargo owner may last for a long time.
The present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a transport status estimation system in which the traceability of cargo is ensured.


The invention is a serial communication device for receiving serial data and sampling the serial data with synchronizing with communication clocks. The device has a clock generation unit for dividing a reference clock according to a predetermined dividing value, generating the communication clock each time the number of dividing value of the reference clock is generated, and generating a supplemental clock at any timing of the reference clock between adjacent communication clock; and a data decision circuit for receiving serial data, sampling 1-bit data at sampling timings including at least the adjacent communication clocks and the supplemental clock therebetween, and deciding the 1-bit data according to the decision by majority of the plurality of the sampling data which is sampled.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a serial communication device, and more particularly to a serial communication device which can handle the errors of communication speeds and prevent the receive data detection errors due to noise.
2. Description of the Related Art
As a means of communication between a host computer and an external processor, UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) serial communication is widely used. In the case of UART serial communication, the transmission side and the reception side do not perform data communication according to a common synchronous clock, but the data communication speed is set in advance, and the reception side judges the receive data by the sampling clock matching with the communication speed. Therefore a mismatch of the data communication speed (cycle) and the cycle of the sampling clock becomes a problem in judging the receive data.
FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting the principle of UART serial communication. The serial communication device in an external processor connected with a host computer via a serial communication cable starts sampling detection of receive data RDX when receiving the start bit STAB which is a 1-bit L level signal inserted at the beginning of 8-bit serial data DATA, for example, and detects the H level or L level of receive data RDX with synchronizing with the H level of the sampling clock SMP-CLK. When parity bit PAB and H level stop bit STOB, which are inserted after the 8-bit serial data DATA, are detected, one frame of serial communication is completed. In non-communicating status, the data signal is maintained to H level.
In this way, the cycle of the sampling clock SMP-CLK must be matched with the serial communication speed (cycle) of the receive data, and normally the cycle of the sampling clock is set according to a predetermined specification of the communication speed at the design stage.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting a conventional serial communication device. This serial communication device is comprised of the receiver unit 10, transmitter unit 20 and communication clock generation unit 30 for supplying the clock for communication to these units. The receive data RDX received from the serial communication path, which is not illustrated, is received by the data receive circuit 12, then the receive data is detected synchronizing with the communication clock C-CLK or sampling clock SMP-CLK supplied from the communication clock generation unit 30, and is converted into the parallel data 14S by the serial-parallel conversion circuit 14. The transmission target parallel data 24S is converted into serial data by the parallel-serial conversion circuit 24, and the communication drive circuit 22 drives the transmission data signal TDX with synchronizing with the communication clock C-CLK.
Such a UART serial communication device is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-275175, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-51034, for example.
FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting the problems of a conventional serial communication device. In the case of UART serial communication, transmission and reception do not share synchronous clocks, but serial data is transmitted/received asynchronously. Therefore the reception side must detect data at the sampling clock with the cycle matching with the communication speed (cycle of serial data). However, the sampling clock is generated by dividing the reference clock at the reception side, and the cycle does not always perfectly match with the communication speed (cycle). Therefore, as FIG. 3 shows, even if the sampling clock SMP-CLK is generated responding to the detection of the start bit STAB, the timing of the sampling clock and the timing of each bit of serial data may be shifted within one frame if an error exists between the cycle of serial data and the cycle of sampling clock, and in this case a reception error occurs.
To solve this problem, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-51034 proposes to make the generation timing of the sampling clock to be changeable to any timing. However such a change of timing is implemented by software processing, and this processing becomes a burden, and a circuit for changing timing is also required.


Disclosed herein are embodiments of a nickel-based alloy. In particular embodiments, the nickel-based alloy is configured for use in applications involving supercritical fluids. The disclosed nickel-based alloy embodiments are highly resistant to corrosion and exhibit high stability and thus are suited for use in vessels, boilers, piping, and other receptacles that contain or are used with supercritical fluids. Method embodiments of making the nickel-based alloy also are disclosed.

Fluids become supercritical fluids under conditions where the fluid's pressure and temperature are both greater than the respective critical value, at which point the fluid cannot be categorized as either a gas or liquid. An emerging application for supercritical fluids, including supercritical CO2 (sCO2), is power production cycles, which may serve as alternative energy conversion systems to classical steam cycles. Supercritical fluid cycles improve efficiencies, reduce emissions, and require fewer, smaller energy conversion components and less water for cooling. While the use of supercritical fluids has clear benefits, their use does have drawbacks as they often are highly corrosive and can corrode vessels, boilers, piping, and other receptacles that contain such supercritical fluids.
Stainless steels and certain nickel-chromium-based alloys may be suitable materials for use in sCO2 power production cycles; however, many of these alloys do not exhibit sufficient strength and/or corrosion resistance in such applications and thus are not suitable alternatives for such technologies. A need exists in the art for alloys having improved strength and corrosion resistance and methods that can be used to identify and make such alloys.

Nickel-based alloy embodiments and method of making and using the same


The present invention relates to compounds of formula I: which are antagonists of 5-HT6 receptor.

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The present invention provides compounds of formula I:
whereinR is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, substituted C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, substituted phenylsulfonyl, naphthylsulfonyl, benzylsulfonyl, or substituted benzylsulfonyl;R1 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl or where R4 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, or halo then R1 and R may be taken together to form —CH2—CH2—CH2— or —CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—;R2 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl;R3 is hydrogen or halo;R4 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, vinyl, allyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, or halo or when R1 is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl then R4 and R may be taken together to form —CH2—CH2—CH2—;X is 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, nitro, amino, C1-C6 alkylsulfonylamino, and cyano or X is 5 halo substituents;represents either a single or a double bond; and pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts thereof.
The present invention also provides for novel pharmaceutical compositions, comprising: a compound of the formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent.
Because the compounds of formula I are antagonists of 5-HT6 receptor, the compounds of formula I are useful for the treatment of a variety of disorders, including: cognitive disorders, age-related cognitive disorder, mild cognitive impairment, mood disorders (including depression, mania, bipolar disorders), psychosis (in particular schizophrenia), anxiety (particularly including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder), idiopathic and drug-induced Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, convulsions, migraine (including migraine headache), substance withdrawal (including, substances such as opiates, nicotine, tobacco products, alcohol, benzodiazepines, cocaine, sedatives, hypnotics, etc.), sleep disorders (including narcolepsy), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, learning disorders, dementia (including Alzheimer's disease and AIDS-induced dementia), Huntington's Chorea, cognitive deficits subsequent to cardiac bypass surgery and grafting, stroke, cerebral ischemia, spinal cord trauma, head trauma, perinatal hypoxia, cardiac arrest, and hypoglycemic neuronal damage, vascular dementia, multi-infarct dementia, amylotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula I.
In another embodiment the present invention provides methods of treating disorders associated with the 5-HT6 receptor, comprising: administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula I. That is, the present invention provides for the use of a compound of formula I or pharmaceutical composition thereof for the treatment disorders associated with the 5-HT6 receptor.

Benzenesulfonic acid indol-5-yl esters as antagonists of the 5ht


A fluorescent tube can be installed or removed from a high installation position by a device have four firm, rubber like cups which gently grip the tube; a dual set of horizontal elongated crossbars, which support the cups with the front crossbar being non stationary and the back cross bar being stationary; a pair of alignment spacer bars and a center support assembly which aid in stability and maintain the proximity of the cross bars; a hand operated rope to apply pressure through a combination of two pulleys to initiate spring action for separating the cups allowing them to either grip or release the fluorescent tube.

The present invention relates to a device for installing or removing fluorescent tubes from open lighting fixtures.
I was employed in the retail merchandising field for over 35 years and have long seen the need for a safe, convenient means of changing fluorescent tubes from floor level. The necessity of the use of a heavy step ladder proved difficult and even dangerous to employees, merchandise, and customers in the area, thus employees were likely to postpone changing defective tubes. This meant employees and customers had to endure flickering lights or darken areas, as well as, the defective fluorescent tube possibly causing damage to the ballast which would incur more costly repairs.
When I invented my device, I had only seen changers which used basket type enclosures to handle incandescent light bulbs. Since my patent application was first filed, I have become aware of the following:
U.S. Pat. No. 4,611,512 PA1 U.S. Pat. No. 4,791,835 PA1 U. K. Patent Number 1566 676 PA1 1. The complicated mechanisms consisting of cradles, rollers, gears, belts, cylinders, and springs have neccitated the devices be heavy and difficult to handle. PA1 2. While operating the complicated mechanisms only one hand was available to hold and balance the pole while the fluorescent tube is actually being inserted or removed from the lighting fixture. PA1 3. Flew safety features were included in previous devices. Today industry is more aware of the advantages both psychologically and cost effectively of promoting safety features in all tasks.
Fluorescent tubes commonly are provided with contact pins at their respective ends which must be properly positioned within spaced socket members carried by the lighting fixture. Fluorescent tubes with a single contact pin at each of its ends must be moved axially of their longitudinal axis against spring loaded contacts of the respective socket members in order to install or remove the fluorescent tube. Additionally, it is highly desirable that fluorescent tubes of this type be rotated prior to removal and subsequent to installation as there is a tendency of the pins to stick within the sockets due to the build up of oxidation and other debris in the socket.
Today most fluorescent lighting fixtures which utilize dual pin tubes are of the closed type, that is they have covers over the tubes. Since someone would have to reach the fixture to remove the cover, that person could replace the tube at the same time. I have therefore invented a device that can be used most effectively in changing single pin fluorescent tubes.
The most common problems encountered by previous devices have been:


Provided is a flux that allows soldering to be performed without requiring a step of removing a Cu-OSP film even with a Cu-OSP processed substrate. This flux containing rosin, an organic acid, a benzimidazole-based compound, and a solvent is characterized in that 30% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less of the rosin, 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less of the organic acid, 0.2% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less of the benzimidazole-based compound, and 20% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less of the solvent, wherein the benzimidazole-based compound is composed of at least one of 2-alkylbenzimidazole and a salt of 2-alkylbenzimidazole hydrohalide.

It is necessary for the flux used for soldering to have properties of removing any metal oxide, inhibiting reoxidation when the solder melts, reducing surface tension of the solder and the like. For the flux, a flux containing an activator for removing an oxide film from a metal surface to improve its wettability and base material such as rosin for protecting the activator from heat is used.
As an example of the flux, Patent Document 1 discloses a flux composition for soldering which contains a solvent, an aromatic carboxylic acid and an imidazole compound. Patent Document 2 discloses a flux composition for soldering which contains as an activator a benzimidazole compound having an alkyl group in 2-position.
As an example of using the imidazole compound for surface processing of a printed circuit board, Patent Document 3 discloses a processing method of contacting processing liquid, which contains a first imidazole compound, on a surface of copper or copper alloy of the printed circuit board, and contacting processing liquid, which contains a second imidazole compound, thereon.
In recent years, miniaturization of electronic components to be soldered using the flux has been rapidly advanced. To the electronic components, a ball grid allay (hereinafter, referred to as "BGA"), a back surface of which has electrodes, is applied to cope with narrowing of the connection terminal and/or reduction of mounting area along with the miniaturization. As the electronic components to which BGA is applied, for example, a semiconductor package is exemplified.
For the semiconductor package, for example, a Cu-OSP substrate is used in which Cu electrodes are processed by organic solderability preservative (OSP) processing with water-soluble preflux to inhibit the electrode from being oxidized.
Patent Document 4 discloses an OSP processed substrate and a method of forming a solder ball mounted on the substrate. When mounting surface mount components on the OSP processed substrate, as disclosed in Patent Document 4, a step of removing an OSP film from the substrate is generally required before a step of mounting the solder ball and after the step of removing the OSP film from the substrate, the surface mounted components are soldered on the substrate.


A wire guide torque device includes a handle member having a proximal end and a distal end wherein a groove extends between the proximal end and the distal end of the handle member for inserting a wire guide. A retaining ring is rotatably disposed on the proximal end of the handle member for securing the wire guide inside the groove along the proximal end of the handle member. A lever is slidably disposed in the distal end of the handle member for securing the wire guide inside the groove along the distal end of the handle member. The device further includes a pin having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is engaged with the lever and the second end is engaged with the handle member.

Wire guides are used during many medical procedures in the gastrointestinal system, including the pancreatobiliary system (i.e., the biliary tree), the stomach, and the esophagus. During vascular procedures, such as balloon angioplasty, stent placement, and endoluminal grafts for aortic aneurysms, the use of wire guides are essential in assessing the site of the particular obstruction in the affected artery. Wire guides are long, slender, relatively flexible wires or wire-like elongate devices that are used to gain and maintain access to the body's narrow passageways during minimally invasive medical procedures. Because of the substantial length of wire guides, using wire guides can be cumbersome and require constant, delicate manipulation during time-sensitive medical procedures.
Wire guides often must be maintained in a stationary position relative to the patient while a physician performs various procedures. In particular, maintaining the wire guide in a stationary position is important to prevent loss of access to a target anatomy, for example, a duct in the biliary tree. Also, during an esophageal dilation, a physician must secure a wire guide within the esophagus and across an esophageal stricture as one or more dilators are advanced over the wire guide. Likewise, during a percutaneous endoscopic gastromy (PEG) tube placement, a wire guide must be secured relative to the patient's mouth, esophagus, and stomach as a physician inserts a feeding tube.
Due to the complexity of these types of procedures, physicians often need to maneuver the wire guide during medical procedures. However, due to the difficulty in grasping the wire guide, the task of positioning and maneuvering the wire guide generally requires the help of an assistant to grip and manipulate the wire during usage. The difficulty associated with positioning and maneuvering the wire guide, however, tends to shift the focus of the assistant from their other areas of responsibility, such as checking the patient, checking monitors for relevant information, or carrying out other tasks.
As a way of simplifying procedures involving wire guides, devices have been developed to assist in the positioning and maneuvering of the wire guide during medical procedures. One such known wire guide device includes a cylindrical body and a slot extending longitudinally for the entire length of the device for side loading of the wire guide therein. The device further includes two biased closed jaws on either side of the slot and two compression handles for opening the jaws. A problem with this device is that when rotating the device for torquing the wire guide, one of the compression handles may be pressed inadvertently. As a result, the jaws may separate and inadvertently release the wire guide. Another problem with this device is that the slot extends the entire length of the device. Thus, during use, the smooth, cylindrical proximal end of the wire guide may slide out from between the jaws and thereby exit the slot of the device.
Another known device includes pin-vise type wire grips that include a structure similar to a drill chuck with a cylindrical handle. The chuck is threaded over the proximal end of the wire guide and advanced to a desired position. A chuck collet, which is a part of the pin-vise, is then rotated to secure the pin-vise to the wire guide and serves as a grip to facilitate manual rotation and advancement of the wire guide. However, use of this type of device can become time consuming and inconvenient because of the length of the wire guide and time associated with threading the device onto the wire guide, as well as the time associated with tightening the chuck collet.
Another known wire guide device utilizes a locking nut portion that locks onto the wire when turned in one direction and releases when turned in the opposite direction thereby requiring the physician to utilize two hands when locking an unlocking the device to the wire guide. Additionally, it may be necessary to completely remove and reinsert the wire guide into this type wire guide device during positioning and maneuvering of the wire guide. As a consequence, maneuvering of the wire guide can become time consuming and distracting to the physician during complicated medical procedures.
What is needed is a wire guide torque device that can quickly and easily engage the wire guide, requires minimal effort to lock and unlock to the wire guide during usage, and allows a physician to operate the device using one hand during positioning and maneuvering of the wire guide. Also, the wire guide torque device should require minimal time and effort to operate during medical procedures.


A content platform for providing a mobile, web-based contextual alignment view of a corpus of documents is disclosed. A corpus of documents is mined to identify a set of topics. Each document in the corpus is analyzed to determine a set of opinions associated with the set of topics, the set of opinions including a corpus opinion. Each document in the corpus is classified based on alignment with the corpus opinion. The corpus of documents is presented to the user according to the document classification.

The explosive growth of user generated content, along with the increasing number and types of content sources, has made it challenging for users to sort out relevant pieces of information from the massive amounts of content available. In this information age where content is king, few content items live in a vacuum. Documents that express opinions or subject evaluations on a range of topics abound. Knowledge workers (e.g., political analysts, financial investors, economists, and business executives), legal professionals (e.g., clerks, lawyers, and judges), and those reading about other topics (e.g., entertainment, health, sports) have to navigate hundreds if not thousands of documents that have opinions, from which it is often hard to extract the relevant information needed.
This content proliferation, while empowering, has led to a poverty of attention. Users' attention to online content is often distributed in a highly skewed fashion. Most documents receive a negligible amount of attention, while only a few become extremely popular. Users may find it difficult to browse/find the most salient documents in a large corpus of documents and quickly spot relevant opinions in each document to situate them within a context or "big picture". Potentially relevant content may therefore be missed when users forage for information among large corpuses of interlinked documents.
Currently available content and document browsing solutions fail to help users allocate their attention effectively among the overabundance of information sources that might consume it. The currently available solutions suffer from critical limitations, including not being able to situate each document's opinion in a broader context and present key opinions in a manner that is natural to users. Many of the existing solutions add to the information overload by presenting the users with more information (e.g., multiple documents side-by-side) in increasingly smaller areas of screen real-estate. The problem becomes even more acute when mobile devices are used to browse content. Users must now not only secure relevant information, but mitigate/optimize access on mobile devices' small visual real estate while having a limited time and attention to process content.

Mobile web-based platform for providing a contextual alignment view of a corpus of documents

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


Until recently, conducting polymers have been used as protective coatings. lthough these types of polymers appear to be effective in most cases, problems have resulted when attempting to bind these polymers to an aluminum surface. The polymers of this invention adhere extremely well to aluminum and aluminum alloys and thus, provide a very effective form of corrosion protection.

1. Field of the Invention
Conducting polymers have been used as protective coatings. Although these types of polymers appear to be effective in most cases, problems have resulted when attempting to bind these polymers to an aluminum surface. The polymers of this invention adhere extremely well to aluminum and thus, provide a very effective form of corrosion protection.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Conducting polymers are used as replacements for metals because the conducting polymers have potentially unique and/or superior properties compared to anodization and chrome conversion coatings. Furthermore, and of ever-increasing importance, some metals are toxic and in numerous instances have found to cause considerable damage to the environment. Therefore, the discharge of these substances is being closely monitored if not banished entirely.
There are several proposed mechanisms for corrosion protection, one or more of which could be occurring at any time. The first is a simple galvanic process by which the polymer has a lower oxidation potential than the metal it is protecting resulting in the preferential oxidation of the polymer. Since oxidized polymers are usually insoluble and do not dissolve away as zinc does, corrosion protection with conducting polymers lasts longer than a conventional galvanic coating such as zinc.
Another proposed mechanism for corrosion protection occurs when the polymer reacts with the surface of the metal, requiring that the polymer have an oxidation potential higher than that of the metal. The surface of the metal reacts with the polymer and forms a passivating layer which inhibits further corrosion by either setting up a barrier or by changing the surface potential or both.
Current methods of corrosion protection, i.e. zinc, do not last very long (usually less than 2 years) and/or are coming under increased scrutiny by the Environmental Protection Agency. For example, the use of chromium and cadmium for anti-corrosion coatings will soon be banned. Current mechanisms for corrosion protection include the use of a sacrificial electrode, such as a zinc coating, which will corrode (oxidize) in the place of the substrate. One major limitation in utilizing a sacrificial electrode is that the coatings do not last very long. The oxidized zinc metal dissolves or easily becomes scaled when subjected to water or moisture. Therefore, environmental concerns arise since toxic metals are being released.
Barrier coatings such as epoxy are currently being employed, but are not very robust especially when a pit in the coating has been formed. Once a pit forms, the corrosive species attacks the underlying metal and, thereby, increases the exposed surface, accelerating the corrosion process.
The corrosion inhibiting properties of conducting polymers was suggested by MacDiarmid in 1985 (MacDiarmid, A. G., "Short Course on Electrically Conductive Polymers", New Paltz, N.Y., 1985). Initial studies on the protection of metal surfaces against corrosion by conducting polymers was reported in the literature that same year (Ref: DeBerry, D. W., J. Electrochem. Soc, 132, 1022, (1985)). Much of the work on corrosion protection has focused on polyaniline (PANI), but also has been extended to other conjugated polymers.
Corrosion occurs by oxidation of a metallic surface by a medium to produce oxides and hydroxides. As these form, soluble species are produced, the surface pits increasing its surface area and the rate of decomposition accelerates until the surface is completely covered with scale or is totally corroded. As mentioned previously, one way to provide corrosion protection is to coat the metal with a barrier to prevent the reactive species from reaching the surface. Galvanization with zinc (or other metal with low enough oxidation potential) prevents corrosion via the creation of an interfacial potential at the metal:zinc interface. The zinc will corrode preferentially, while the reactive species may come in contact with the metal, the increased oxidation potential causes the metal to be unreactive, thereby, inhibiting the corrosion process.
Prior studies utilizing PANI as a corrosion protection coating shows that it works quite well. In fact, exposed metal surfaces adjacent to conducting polymer coatings (scratches or edges) are unreactive to corrosion as reported by Thompson and coworkers (refs: Baughman, R. H. et. al. Journal of Chemical Society, Chem. Comm. 49, 1977 and Nowak, R. J. et.al., Journal Chemical Society, Chem. Comm. Comm. 9, 1977). The corrosion protection properties of PANI on aluminum have also been studied. There has been some success in showing that PANI provides corrosion protection in the short term i.e. 7 days. R. Racicot, R. L. Clark, H-B. Liu, S. C. Yang, Thin Film Conductive Polymers On Aluminum Surfaces: Interfacial Charge-Transfer and Anti-Corrosion Aspects, SPIE Proceedings, Optical and Photonic Applications of Electroactive and Conducting Polymers, Vol. 2528, Jul. 12-13, 1995 San Diego, Calif. However, in the long term, 1-6 months, PANI has been found to not adhere well to aluminum surfaces.
One disadvantage in utilizing PANI is that the corrosion protection ability is pH dependent. In acidic media, PANI coated mild steel coupons corrode 100 times slower than uncoated counterparts, while in pH 7 media, the PANI coated material corrodes 2 times slower (Ref: Lu, W-K, Elsenbaumer, R. L., Wessling, B., Synthetic Materials, 71, 2163 (1995)) and Wei, Y., Wang, J., Jia, X., Yeh, J-M., Spellane, P., Polymer 36(23), 4536 (1995)). This could be explained by the pH dependence of the structure of PANI. At low pH, the conducting emeraldine salt is the predominant form. At high pH, the non-conducting emeraldine base is the predominant form. It appears that the conducting form is required for the formation of the passivation layer.
In summary, the effectiveness of the corrosion protection is controlled by the type of polyaniline (emeraldine base versus emeraldine salt), the characteristics of the corrosion environment (acidic medium, aqueous sodium chloride, etc.) and by adhesion to the substrate. For optimum corrosion protection, it may be necessary to develop conducting polymers that do not have the pH dependence of conductivity that PANI has.
At present, some conducting polymers (in their neutral, non-conducting states) are soluble in organic solvents. Various types of surfactant counter-ions have been used with PANI to make the conducting form of polyaniline soluble in organic solvents. The results of this test are ongoing due to adhesion problems between the polymers and aluminum.

Amino functional poly (para-phenylene vinylene)s as protective coatings


The invention provides a lighting device (12) configured to provide both functional lighting for illuminating a space, and simultaneously to present a spatially dynamic sparkling light display. The device comprises a chamber (14) containing one or more light sources (28). The light sources are arranged to direct light in the direction of a translucent surface portion (20), and in the direction of a plurality of light exit areas (32) delimited by the translucent surface portion. The light exit areas each have a higher transmittance than the surrounding surface portion.

The natural world provides many examples of so called dynamic lighting effects, and these phenomena can, for the observer, be highly captivating and entrancing aesthetic experiences. Consider, for example, sunlight refracted by water droplets or reflected on the moving sea surface, erratic star light, or sunlight blocked sporadically by the moving leaves of a tree. One particularly striking and notable effect is that of sunlight reflecting from snow.
Lighting designers often seek to recreate this striking effect of dynamic lighting in time and space. Dynamic lighting in time is easily realized through individually addressing LEDs within an LED ensemble. Dynamic lighting in space—a variation in light intensity depending on the viewer position—is often achieved through the use of glittering particles, lead glass crystals, or, in more complex solutions, through mechanisms that spatially displace the LED or optics. The effect created by dynamic lighting in space is commonly called glittering, or sparkling.
Glittering as a decorative effect is frequently used in architecture and in interior design, to provide a high end finish to walls or ceilings. It is visually appealing, and can provide a sense of luxury or glamour. Most standardly, glittering is achieved by reflecting light onto specularly reflective particles or by transmitting light through lead glass crystals.
This is usually achieved through applying glittering particles or lead glass crystals onto a surface, and using the reflection of light which is emitted by light sources installed at a distance from the surface. In this case, however, the light source must be installed as a separate component, which is aesthetically invasive and more burdensome and complex to install.
An alternative solution is to install the lead glass crystals into a panel, and to mount the light source(s) directly onto the back of them. Here, the light source remains hidden and the whole apparatus can be provided in a single, unitary panel.
However, use of lead glass crystals to achieve sparkling is not ideal. The crystals are generally expensive and heavy, and mounting them into a panel in order to realize the solution described is far from trivial.
In GB2243223A is described an illumination device designed to simulate the night sky. The device comprises a lighting panel having a front plate comprising holes, and which contains a plurality of conventional light sources, arranged to direct light toward said front plate. Between each of the light sources is positioned a wing reflector element, these elements are provided in order to project a maximum amount of light possible through the apertures of the front plate. To an observer looking at the panel from outside, an effect is created similar to that of a starry night sky.
However, in this solution, the light sources remain visible through the apertures in the front plate over all angles. As a result, a true (spatially dynamic) sparkling effect, in which point sources across the display give the impression of disappearing and appearing briskly as one changes position, is not created.
Furthermore, it may be desirable to provide a sparkling effect in combination with conventional functional illumination for lighting the space within which the lighting device is placed. This allows the appealing aesthetic effect of spatially dynamic sparkling to be created in environments and scenarios where, for reasons of space or of aesthetics, it is not practical or desirable to provide both a lighting device for functional lighting in addition to a dedicated decorative unit for providing the sparkling effect. Such sparkling might also provide an appealing or desirable bonus feature to an otherwise predominantly functionally-targeted lighting product.
There is a need in the art therefore for a lighting device capable of creating a true spatially dynamic sparkling light effect, but which is more compact than solutions requiring light sources to be installed at a distance from a sparkling panel, and which is cheaper, lighter and simpler than alternative lead glass panel solutions, and which is further capable of providing a functional light source for lighting a space.


An originating user captures an original image with mobile equipment. The image is displayed on the originating user's mobile equipment with first annotations. First data information (R1) including the time and the location of the mobile equipment together with information that the first annotations has been displayed is sent to a server. The originating user transmits the image to a second equipment of at least one second user. The image is displayed on the second equipment. Second annotations are displayed to said second user in combination with said image. Second data information (R2) including the time and the location of equipment of the second user together with information that the second annotations has been displayed is sent to the server. The server determines from the location and/or time whether said image is an original image captured by the originating user, or a transmitted image displayed to a second user.

1. Related Applications
This application claims priority to CH01791/11, filed Nov. 8, 2011, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
2. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method used in relation with display of reality augmented information on image.
3. Background of the Related Art
WO2008032203 concerns a method where a user with a mobile equipment captures an image, for example the image of a point of interest. Features of the image are compared with source image to attempt recognition; the image is then tagged. Those tags are displayed to the user who can click or select a tag to get more information related to the keyword. The application further suggests sending the tags to a "visual search server". This document is thus related to automatic classification of images, but not to augmented reality where annotations are superimposed over recognized features of an image.
Tarumi H et al., in "Communication through virtual active objects overlaid onto the real world", Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on collaborative virtual environments, CVE2000, San Francisco, Sep. 10-12, 2000, describe a system for creating and displaying virtual objects, called SpaceTags, that can be accessed only within a limited area and a limited time period. SpaceTags can be created by end-users and transmitted to the server. They can be associated with real-world objects and displayed as augmented reality annotations.
EP1246080 discloses a method of displaying augmented reality augmented information on static or video images. In one embodiment, names of mountains or other cartographic features are superimposed on a landscape view. In another embodiment, visitors in a painting exhibition can have additional information related to a selected painting displayed over a view of this painting captured with a mobile device. The augmented reality features of a view can comprise additional annotations, highlights, etc.
Augmented reality is also proposed by various companies for annotating advertisings, such as billboards or newspaper ads, and providing customers with additional contents related to this ad.


A smoking system includes a capillary wick for holding liquid, at least one air inlet, at least one air outlet and a chamber between the air inlet and air outlet. The air inlet, the air outlet and the chamber are arranged so as to define an air flow route from the air inlet to the air outlet via the capillary wick so as to convey aerosol formed from the liquid to the air outlet. The smoking system further includes at least one guide for channeling the air flow in the air flow route, so as to control particle size in the aerosol. The smoking system optionally includes at least one heater for heating the liquid in at least a portion of the capillary wick to form the aerosol.

WO 2007/078273 discloses an electrical smoking system which uses a liquid as an aerosol forming substrate. The liquid is stored in a container formed of a porous material. The container communicates with a heater vaporizer, powered by a battery supply, via a series of small apertures. In use, the heater is activated by the mouth of the user for switching on the battery power supply. Further, suction on the mouthpiece by the user causes air to be drawn through the porous container for liquid, over the heater vaporizer, and into the mouthpiece and subsequently into the mouth of a user.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved smoking system.

Smoking system having a liquid storage portion


Methods and computer-readable mediums are provided for obtaining an optimally gated medical image. For example, in one embodiment, a method is provided that acquires medical images in list mode. The method also acquires a respiration correlated signal S(t). Thereafter, a final upper strain threshold value and a final lower strain threshold value pair that has a narrowest interval are selected. The medical images are synchronized with the respiration correlated signal S(t). The synchronized images and signal are used to create an optimally gated medical image. In various embodiments, the disclosed optimal gating can be utilized in PET systems and in other embodiments the disclosed optimal gating can be utilized in SPECT systems. In yet other embodiments, the optimally gated images can be matched to MRI systems and in still other embodiments, the optimally gated images can be matched to CT systems.

Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to diagnostic imaging systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for performing emission computed tomography ("ECT") scanning, including positron emission tomography (PET) scanning and single photon emission tomography (SPECT). Embodiments of the present invention also provide for improved methods of gating medical images.
Description of the Related Art
Computed tomography ("CT") scanning (i.e., using an external X-ray source) and positron emission tomography ("PET") scanning using an infused radiopharmaceutical as a source of gamma ray emissions) are well known methods for diagnostic medical imaging. CT scanning employs multiple X-ray images taken in multiple directions to generate a 3-dimensional image or multiple tomographic image "slices." PET scanning employs a gamma-emitting radiopharmaceutical ingested by a patient or injected into a patient. Multiple gamma ray images are taken in multiple directions to generate a 3-dimensional PET image or multiple slices.
PET scanning requires a relatively long duration data acquisition period lasting several minutes per patient bed position. Typically, a large number of PET data acquisitions are acquired at many different angles during this period. Consequently, patient movement is a problem in PET scanning Excessive motion of a patient can result in reduced image fidelity, including an incorrect impression of the pattern of tracer uptake, and quantitative errors in which the wrong estimate of tracer concentration is made. Thoracic cage movement caused by breathing is a significant problem in PET scanning.
By comparison, CT scanning is relatively fast and can typically be performed during one breath-hold by a patient.
Part of the solution to the problem of respiration related image degradation is to provide gating of PET scanning based on measurement of certain triggering parameters associated with respiratory motion. In particular, it is known in the art to use a strain gauge to measure the tension in a strap placed around the abdomen or chest of a patient. The time-varying strain measurement is interpreted as a measure of respiratory amplitude and as such is used to develop information that can be used to gate or trigger the operation of imaging apparatus.
In the state of the art, the respiratory amplitudes are used to generate trigger signals, or gates, which indicate that a particular phase in the respiratory cycle has been reached. Commonly, triggers are generated at the end of each full breath, or end-inspiration, and the phase angle is assumed to vary smoothly from trigger to trigger. However, the phase-based approach has a limited ability to identify the actual state of breathing, since patient breathing patterns change over the time period involved in performing the diagnostic scan. This problem is illustrated in the strain gauge traces of FIG. 1. The traces show that deep, irregular breathing at one point in time can be followed by a more regular, shallower breathing pattern ten minutes later. In FIG. 1, the horizontal axis represents time, with a one minute interval between the left and right sides of each plot. The vertical axis represents the strain measurement value. Smaller values correspond to a more relaxed chest or shallow breathing. Larger values correspond to a more expanded chest or deep breathing.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for improved methods for gating of medical images. It would be particularly beneficial to provide methods of creating medical images that can correct for inaccuracies caused by respiration.

Optimal respiratory gating in medical imaging


An electronic micropackage for an electronic memory card, particularly applicable to large-sized semiconductor chips. The micropackage includes a semiconductor chip disposed on a first face of an insulating support, and electrical contact zones extending along a plane defined by a second face of the insulating support. The semiconductor chip is connected to the electrical contact zones via connection wires. A metal strip is provided with cut-outs defining the electrical contact zones. A strip of insulating material is disposed on one face of the metal strip, the strip of insulating material constituting said insulating support, and leaving uncovered, at least in part, the electrical contact zones. A housing for the semiconductor chip, surrounding the insulating support and obstructing those cut-outs in the metal strip which are inside the housing and which are not obstructed by the insulating support. A coating of resin covers the semiconductor chip and the connection wires, at least partially filling the housing.

Two main techniques are currently known for making electronic micropackages or modules designed for electronic memory cards.
In a first technique described in French Patent No. 2 488 446, for example, a strip of insulating material, such as polyethylene or an epoxy resin, is perforated so as to provide holes through which connection wires can pass to connect the semiconductor chip to electrical contact zones. A metal strip is laminated on the strip of insulating material, and is then removed by chemical etching so as to form electrical contact zones on which protective layers are deposited. The protective layers are gold layers deposited on the metal forming the contact zones, which is generally copper. Since copper is likely to be oxidized when exposed to the ambient atmosphere, the gold layers are deposited to prevent such oxidation. In a subsequent stage, the semiconductor chip is glued onto the strip of insulating material or into a window pre-cut in the strip together with the through holes. The semiconductor chip is then connected to the electrical contact zones via connection wires passing through the through holes. Finally, the semiconductor chip and the connection wires are protected against mechanical and chemical damage by a coating of epoxy resin obtained by molding or by merely depositing a drop of resin.
A second technique described in French Patent No. 2639763 includes mechanically cutting out a metal strip, curving it, and then overmolding insulating material onto it while leaving uncovered the cut-out zones in the metal strip, which zones constitute the electrical contact zones of the electronic module. The term "overmolding" describes forming a shape by merely pouring a molding material over an object, in contrast to "molding" which suggests the presence of a mold wherein the object is positioned in place before the mold is filled with molding material. The metal is thus held securely in the overmolded insulating material by means of the initial curving of the strip, thereby mechanically securing the cut-out metal zones. The insulating overmolding also forms a cup in which the semiconductor chip is glued and connected to the electrical contact zones via connection wires. Protecting the semiconductor chip and the connection wires is thus made considerably easier because it suffices merely to fill the cup with a liquid resin.
Unfortunately, these two known techniques suffer from various drawbacks when large-sized semiconductor chips are to be protected. With the first technique, the difficulty lies, firstly, in the cost of the resulting micropackage due in particular to the chemical etching step during which the laminated metal strip is etched and, secondly, in the protective coating for protecting the semiconductor chip and the connection wires because it is very difficult to coat over a large area without increasing its thickness to a prohibitive extent. With the second technique, the difficulty lies in forming the cup bottom which must be very fine but must extend over a large area with good surface evenness.

Electronic micropackage for an electronic memory card


In a user equipment (UE) supporting multiple radio access technologies (RATs) and operating in an multiple-SIM multiple-active (MSMA) scenario, at least a portion of the wireless local area network (WLAN) transceiver may be used opportunistically to support the operation of the wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceiver to support the multiple subscriber identity modules (SIMs). For example, when a first SIM is in an active mode and using the WWAN transceiver for transmit and/or receive operations, at least a portion of the WLAN transceiver may be used in addition to the WWAN transceiver to support the WWAN operation of a second (or third, etc.) SIM. The WLAN transceiver may be used for transmit, receive, or both for the second SIM, while the first SIM continues to use the resources of the WWAN transceiver.

Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure, for example, relates to wireless communication systems, and more particularly to resource mapping in scenarios where a single wireless device has multiple active subscriber identity modules (SIMs) accessing multiple-radio access technologies (RATs) using a wireless local area network (WLAN) transceiver to support wireless wide area network (WWAN) capabilities.
Description of Related Art
Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be multiple-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, space and power). Examples of such multiple-access systems include code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time-division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) systems, and orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems.
By way of example, a wireless multiple-access communication system may include a number of base stations or access points (APs), each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, otherwise known as user equipment (UEs). UEs may contain multiple radios or transceivers, each configured to support various radio access technologies (RATs). A base station or AP may communicate with UEs on downlink channels (e.g., for transmissions from a base station to a UE) and uplink channels (e.g., for transmissions from a UE to a base station). Communication between a UE and a base station may use a wireless wide area network (WWAN), while communication between a UE and an AP may use a wireless local area network (WLAN). Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are examples of WLAN technologies that may be supported by a UE. UEs typically include different WWAN and WLAN receive (Rx) and transmit (Tx) chains. For example, a UE may have one or more Rx and Tx chains used for WWAN transmissions, and may also have separate Rx and Tx chains used for WLAN transmissions.
Although WWAN and WLAN transceivers may initially be designed for specific communication needs, with advances in technology and a need for higher data rates, the use of specific transceivers for particular RATs has begun to change. It is possible to use a WLAN transceiver whenever it is available to assist the WWAN modem. A WLAN transceiver may support a subset of WWAN transceiver capabilities, e.g., Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) only. Furthermore, it may support only Tx, only Rx, or both Tx and Rx. Such assistance may be in support of one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) supported by the UE. These SIMs may be used to enable the UE to communicate on a particular network. Some UEs are dual- or multiple-SIM devices, meaning that the UE is configured to receive and use more than one SIM card. Thus, a multiple-SIM device may simultaneously operate in either an active or a standby mode on more than one network. For example, a dual-SIM, dual-active (DSDA) device is configured to actively transmit and receive on two different networks at the same time. A dual-SIM, dual standby (DSDS) device is configured to allow active transmission on one network while being in standby mode on a second network. Multiple-SIM, multiple active (MSMA) and/or multiple-SIM, multiple standby (MSMS) devices may also be used. For each additional SIM, additional Tx and/or Rx chains may be used, adding to the cost and complexity of the UE.

Resource mapping for multi SIM multi active multi RAT scenarios using WLAN transceiver supporting partial WWAN transceiver capabilities


The invention relates to a unified safety harness worn on the upper torso of a child. It has a front vest section and a pair of criss crossing back straps. A waist belt extends around the lower section of the harness and is releasably secured at the back by a locking mechanism. A tether belt is an integral extension of the back end of the waist belt and can be either self-contained on the harness or hooked around a persons wrist. An emblem depicting a logo is secured on the front of the vest section.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates in general to use of a child's safety harness that contains a code for identification of the child, and in particular, to a unifed safety harness for supporting the child's upper body which has a self-contained tether belt and a precoded emblem for identification of the child and adult upon registration thereof.
2. Description of Prior Art
The fear of losing a child is very devastating thought. It is also devastating to think that a lost child could be claimed by a person who does not have authority to do so.
Any person responsible for the safety of children knows of the difficulties in managing a child in a crowded or dangerous area. Many methods have been used in locating missing children in large or crowded areas, such as, amusement parks, shopping malls, zoos, beaches, at concerts, etc. However, there is then the problem of properly identifying the child after being found and of proving that the person taking the child is the proper guardian. This is particularly true, in the case of a small toddler, who may recognize a person, but this person may not be the proper representative of the child. It is imperative that the persons responsible for the child should be able to produce positive proof that the child is really their own.
When children reach the age of walking, it would be of great value if, parents and guardians have a device to control them that is pleasing to the eye, fairly comfortable to the child while permitting freedom of movement but still keeping the child within close range, and also permitting the adult to have freedom of both hands for use in carrying parcels and doing necessary things. It would also be of paramount value if the device possessed a means for positive identification of the child and also of the person or persons responsible for the child.
Harnesses have been used previously, yet generally parents shun the use of such, probably because children do not like them and for other problems associated therewith.
Various harness devices for children have been proposed. Such a device in U.S. Pat. No. 4,666,017 to be placed on the child only when being used as a safety device and then must be removed because its tether cannot be releasably secured to the harness. Its adjustment system is complicated because of adjustable straps in addition to an adjustable waist band. Its plain strap structure does not appear to lend support to the child's upper body. It appears that the device can be easily removed which is not a good safety feature.
Other harnesses as well as identification procedures have been proposed in the past but none of these appear to be completely satisfactory.


Optical systems for sensing chemicals. An example system includes a light source, a light sensor, a processing device in signal communication with the light source and the light sensor, and a fiber optic cable that receives light from the light source and delivers light to the light sensor. The fiber optic cable includes a cladding material that is permeable to a predefined substance and an optical fiber core surrounded by the cladding material. The optical fiber core is a single mode optical fiber having a diameter greater than 30 μm. The optical fiber core includes a hollow center having a diameter between 1-50 μm. The optical fiber core includes a plurality of lengthwise holes positioned to provide single mode light propagation properties. The plurality of lengthwise holes have a diameter between 0.2-4 μm.

Optical fiber consists of transparent material such as glass or plastic. Most optical fiber is fused silica and most plastic fiber is polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). All optical fiber consists of a core and cladding of which the core has higher refractive index than the cladding. The fiber structure guides light by the process of total internal reflection (TIR). In silica fibers the core is usually established through doping with Germanium. PMMA uses a Fluorine polymer coating as the cladding. Fibers fall into two basic types, single mode or multimode. In single-mode fibers the core is very small, 5 to 10 microns in diameter, for instance. Multimode fibers have cores of 50 to several thousand microns and very small cladding (in the order of tens of microns). Single-mode fibers have a large cladding (usually more than 50 microns) making the fiber diameter generally 125 microns (FIG. 1). The purpose of the large cladding in single-mode fibers is to protect and contain the evanescent field of the single-mode which extends into the cladding for a few microns and can contain more than 10 percent of the optical energy normally thought of as traveling only through the core. Another importance of this larger diameter cladding is so that the fibers can be handled without breaking. However, with regard to fiber optics used for chemical sensing, the cladding must be permeable to the substance being sensed. Thus, a small diameter fiber surrounded by a thick cladding is not practical for chemical fiber optic sensors.
Large core fibers experience a relatively large number of spatial modes, possibly in the hundreds. Light traveling in different spatial modes travels at different speeds. Due to unavoidable perturbations, light can and does couple from one mode to another (so-called "mode mixing"). Mode mixing, and different light speeds between various modes causes noise and uncertainty in light detection systems and causes pulse spreading in communication systems. For this reason, single-spatial mode (single mode) fibers are used in many communications and sensing systems. One advantage, however, of multi-mode fiber is its large core area has a diameter with sufficient structural integrity and can be coated with a chemically sensitive polymer which can function as its cladding. In fact, chemically sensitive multi-mode fibers have been realized by embedding chemical indicators in a porous polymer coating which functions as the fiber cladding. Light traveling along the fiber core with its evanescent field extending into the cladding will experience higher loss when the indicator is triggered by the presence of a specific gaseous chemical.
Because the core size of a standard single-mode fiber is typically 10 μm, it is too fragile when cladded with porous indicator-embedded polymers that have been proven for use on multimode fibers. This is because the glass is thin, and polymer is not sufficiently rigid to maintain structural integrity of the fiber. FIG. 2 shows an optical fiber for use in chemical sensing that includes a glass core and a cladding material. Although the optical fiber of FIG. 2 is durable, it is a multi-mode fiber
Resonators have been implemented in chemical sensors to circulate light around an optical fiber loop for multiple passes. A periodic series of resonance lineshapes is produced, each having a peak centered about a resonance frequency under normal conditions, and the resonance lineshape has a finesse associated therewith. The frequency-periodicity of frequency separation between resonance frequencies of the same mode is the free spectral range of the resonator. As used herein, the term "finesse" refers to a relationship (e.g., sharpness) based on a ratio of the free-spectral range to the linewidth of an individual resonance lineshape. The linewidth of the resonance lineshape is a frequency width at half of the maximum peak value of the resonance lineshape. The finesse additionally relates to the number of times the light recirculates within the optical loop with reproducibility, and thus is inherently related to the round-trip loss of the resonator. Higher losses generally result in lower finesses. It is generally difficult to couple light into a multi-mode optical fiber and maintain the light in a single spatial mode that reproduces itself for multiple circulations through the resonator. For example, perturbations (e.g., imperfections, geometrical distortions, etc.) along the length of the optical fiber typically decrease the round-trip reproducibility of the single fiber spatial mode within a multi-mode fiber, and thus decrease the finesse. Other spatial mode resonances can also be excited which typically cause errors in the intended measurement. In the latter case, a complex structure of resonances, which may be based on a single stable resonance, may be observed that create instabilities and errors in the measurement. Each spatial mode may be associated with two polarization modes, which doubles the number of resonances in the spectrum.
A single mode optical fiber may be used to significantly improve the resonance characteristics of the resonator by assuring that a single spatial mode of the fiber supports the resonance mode of the resonator. For example, this single spatial mode is the sole resonating mode provided that one polarization state is resonating within the resonator. Instabilities created by power sharing between several spatial modes of the fiber and errors resulting from the presence of several resonator modes are thus substantially eliminated. Measurements of the finesse, the linewidth of the resonance, and the free spectral range are typically unique since these relate to the loss and pathlength for light traveling within a single spatial mode of the fiber and for a single resonance lineshape. To make a chemically sensitive fiber, the light should interact with the polymer. Placing a permeable, chemically sensitive polymer cladding directly on the core of a typical single mode fiber is generally impractical because the core is too small, as discussed above. Adding an intermediate glass cladding between the core and a polymer coating would tend to interfere with sensing.


A method of optimizing control of looms for the improvement of the economic efficiency of a weaving mill controls set points for the looms so that the economic efficiency of the weaving mill will not be reduced below a standard economic efficiency determined through preparatory test operation of the controlled looms. The controlled looms are operated for a predetermined preparatory test period for preparatory test operation to collect the data of parameters dominating the economic efficiency of the weaving mill and to create reference data. Data of the parameters are collected in a monitoring period during the practical operation of the looms and the data is normalized by the time of the monitoring period to create operation data. The set points for each loom are corrected on the basis of the result of comparison between the reference data and the operation data to determine new set points.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of optimizing the control of looms for maintaining the economic efficiency of a weaving mill at a maximum.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A method of optimizing the control of looms disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Patent (Kokai) No. Hei 1-239138 corrects set values of controllable parameters dominating the economic efficiency of the weaving mill so that an economic efficiency evaluation function becomes a maximum. This prior art method determines the maximum of the profit evaluation function through a complex procedure requiring a long time. Since the operating characteristics of the looms vary during a long time necessary for determining the maximum of the profit evaluation function, this method is not very effective and is unable to maintain optimal operating condition.
A method of optimizing the control of looms disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Patent (Kokai) No. Hei 2-289152 uses set operating conditions, such as a set pressure of the picking fluid and a set crank angle, as reference data for which the loom is a adjusted, and determines the causes of an unsatisfactory operating condition of the loom by comparing actual operating conditions with the reference data. This prior art method only compares the actual operating conditions with the reference data determined in adjusting the loom and does not correct the set values positively to improve the economic performance of the loom. Accordingly, this method is unable to control the loom for optimal operation from the view point of operation rate and economic efficiency.

Method of optimizing the control of looms for improving the economic efficiency of a weaving mill


A method for an announcement for a session includes: adding at least one playing termination in a context of a session; setting up a topology descriptor between a playing termination and a termination which is about to listen to the announcement in the context; and playing the announcement by the playing termination to the termination connected to the playing termination. An apparatus for an announcement for a session includes a playing termination setting unit, a topology descriptor setting unit and an announcement-playing unit. The present invention ensures that a user can always hear complete announcement even when a termination operable for playing an announcement is deleted or removed from the context and thus cannot play the announcement any more.

In a 3rd Generation mobile communication system (e.g. 3G WCDMA system) of Release 4 or a later release, a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) in a Circuit Switched (CS) domain is divided into two network elements: MSC server and Media GateWay (MGW). In the Legacy MS Domain (LMSD) of CDMA2000 system, the MSC is also divided into two network elements: Mobile Switching Center Emulation (MSCE) and MGW. In a Next Generation Network (NGN) system, a conventional switch is also divided into two network elements: Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) and MGW.
The MSC server, the MGCF and the MSCE obtained by division are mainly applied to perform functions of call control layer, and the MGW is mainly applied to perform functions of media processing and bearer processing. Soft switch devices including the MSC server, the MGCF and the MSCE usually adopt H.248 protocol or Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) to control the MGW. The basic principle of the H.248 protocol and the MGCP is to implement communications between terminations by describing connections between the terminations in the context (i.e. describing topologies between the terminations). In Customized Application 4 for Mobile network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL4) standard, the standard model is required to support an announcement for a session, i.e. it should be guaranteed that all parties in the session can hear the announcement, or several users in the session can hear the announcement at the same time or different user groups in the session can hear different announcements. The session is usually defined based on a service layer while the context is usually defined based on an H.248 protocol layer or MGCP layer. One session may use multiple contexts, but usually a general session uses only one context.
In a device adopting the H.248 protocol or the MGCP, a conventional method in CAMEL4 for an announcement for a session is described below.
A service termination is chosen from a context of a session and the service termination is required to be able to play an announcement internally and externally at the same time. "Internally" and "externally" refer to the internal area and external area of the context respectively, the announcement is performed by setting an announcement signal in the termination and the usages of the announcement signal may refer to signal definitions and requirements in the H.248 protocol and the MGCP. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a topology descriptor for termination T1 playing an announcement for a session in a context of the session.
As shown in FIG. 1, in the context C1, there are three terminations T1, T2 and T3 involved in a session at the same time, and the three terminations are connected with corresponding users or devices. The terminations T1 and T2 are connected with a bothway topology descriptor (shown as a double arrowed line, topology descriptor (T1, T2, bothway) means that the Termination T2 receives media from the Termination T1, and vice versa); the terminations T1 and T3 are connected with a oneway topology descriptor (shown as a single arrowed line, topology descriptor (T1, T3, oneway) means that the Termination T3 receives media from the Terminations T1, but not vice versa); and the terminations T2 and T3 are topologically isolated (topology descriptor (T2, T3, isolated) means that the Termination T2 does not receive media from the Termination T1, nor vice versa), i.e. there is no arrowed line as shown in FIG. 1). If external users or devices connected to the terminations T1, T2 and T3 respectively are required to hear an announcement for the session at the same time (e.g. system broadcast, background music, etc.), the termination T1 should be chosen for the context C1 to play an announcement for the session internally and externally (i.e. an announcement signal should be set at T1). Thereby, users or devices connected to the terminations (including the terminations T2 and T3) connected with the termination T1 within the context C1 can hear the announcement, and the external users (or devices) connected to the termination T1 can also hear the announcement at the same time. The T1/T2/T3 which are not dedicated terminations to play announcement in the context C1 and they are usually called service terminations and T1 temporarily acts as a playing announcement.
However, as can be seen from FIG. 1, if the termination T1 is deleted or removed from the context C1 during the announcement because of service demands, e.g. in the case that the termination T1 hooks up or T1 and T2 are topologically isolated before the session corresponding to the context C1 is terminated, users connected to terminations T2 and T3 will not hear complete announcement though the announcement of termination T1 for the context C1 is not completed yet. Furthermore, if another termination (e.g. the termination T2 or T3) is chosen to play an announcement in such a case, there may be the following problems.
Firstly, the H.248 protocol and the MGCP only support the announcement by a termination within the context, but do not support the function of recording a stopping point where the termination stops the announcement. In other words, if the announcement of a termination is interrupted in normal condition, the H.248 protocol or the MGCP can not exactly learn how long the termination has played the announcement, as a result, when another termination in the same context is chosen to play the announcement, the announcement cannot be resumed from the stopping point of the previous termination. Therefore, it is difficult for users or devices connected to various terminations to hear complete announcement continuously and the announcement for the session can not be synchronized.
Secondly, it may be difficult to select another termination that is topologically connected to all the other terminations in the same context. As shown in FIG. 1, if the termination T1 is deleted (for example, suddenly shut down by a user), or removed, or modified to have different topology descriptors before the announcement is completed, there is no another termination topologically connected to all the other terminations in the context C1 because the termination T2 is connected to the termination T1 with a bothway topology descriptor. The termination T3 is connected to the termination T1 with a oneway topology descriptor and is isolated from the termination T2. Therefore, if T1 is deleted or removed from the context C1, it is impossible to choose another termination (either T2 or T3) in the context C1 to make both the terminations T2 and T3 hear the resumed announcement (because no another termination is connected to both T2 and T3). Therefore, the terminations T2 and T3 have to play an announcement separately. However, the announcement can not be resumed from the playing point where T1 is interrupted, and the announcements heard by T2 and T3 are not synchronized.

Method and apparatus for announcement for session


An inner cowl and a radiator upper cowl surround a radiator cover. An air guide is provided inside a radiator. A first air duct sends traveling air flow to the radiator while a second air duct, spaced laterally inwardly from the radiator, bypasses the radiator and sends cool traveling air flowing toward a driver's legs via a slit provided in a rear radiator cover.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to straddle type vehicles such as motorcycles, and especially to vehicles having a radiator in which the effect on the driver by exhaust air flowing from the radiator is reduced.
2. Description of Related Art
A known straddle type vehicle has a radiator and a shroud covering the radiator. The shroud provides an air duct outside the radiator to increase ventilation quantity from the radiator body (See Japanese Patent No. 3508949).
In the above-mentioned cooling structure, a cooling air passage that bypasses the radiator is provided laterally outside the heated exhaust air flowing from the radiator. Accordingly, the relatively high temperature radiator exhaust air flow possibly hits the driver. Therefore, there is a need to prevent the radiator exhaust air flow from hitting the driver and to improve the comfort of the driver.