Linear arrays of chemosensors or chemical compounds are supported by an optical fiber that allows one to rapidly assay the entire array using changes in optical properties such as fluorescence. The location of the agent along the fiber determines the identity of the agent in these linear arrays. Combinatorial libraries may be constructed on the fiber as well as assayed on the optical fiber. A system and method of analyzing the entire array of agents on an optical fiber using a light source, an optical fiber, and a detector are also described. The time delay between the excitation and detection determines the location being assayed along the fiber and therefore the identity of the agent being assayed. The present invention may find uses in the medical, pharmaceutical, environmental, defense, and food industries.

Chemosensors are used in a wide variety of measurements, from assaying components of a bodily fluid in a doctor's office to locating explosives in an airport. Arrays of sensors are of great utility, as they allow the detection of a large number of different species, or the high fidelity recognition of analytes using a large number of sensors of low selectivity. Data from a large array of chemical sensors can be analyzed to detect the presence or activity of particular chemical compounds or functional groups. Two-dimensional arrays are currently being used as biosensors in the medical field to screen for genetic and viral diseases. Many of these arrays include thousands of polynucleotides of known gene sequences on a small chip to detect for specific genes which are turned on or off in a particular cell line (Sapolsky et al. Genetic Analysis: Biomolecular Engineering 14:187-192, 1999; Lockhart Nature Medicine 4:1235-1236, 1998; Fodor FASEB J. 11:A879, 1997; Fodor Science 277:393-395, 1997; each of which is incorporated herein by reference). However, as these chips become larger and larger, the readout of the chip becomes increasingly time-consuming and cost intensive, and more sophisticated instrumentation is required to analyze the array. Even today, the expense and complexity of reading a chip is beyond what can reasonably be used in a doctor's office.
Many chemosensors used today undergo a change in an optical property such as absorbance or fluorescence upon binding of a chemical compound. Therefore, optical fibers are ideally suited to carry light to and from such optical chemosensors. Optical fiber bundles with a sensor placed at the end of each fiber are currently being developed by Illumina, Inc.
Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery
Combinatorial chemistry is another area of research where a large number of chemical compounds must be analyzed. The techniques of combinatorial chemistry allow the synthesis of thousands to millions of chemical compounds which may subsequently be screened in the search for new pharmaceutical agents, new catalysts, new chemosensors, or other materials with desired properties (Geysen et al. Molec. Immunol. 23:709-715, 1986; Houghton et al. Nature 354:84-86, 1991; Frank Tetrahedron 48:9217-9232, 1992; Bunin et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:4708-4712, 1994; Thompson et al. Chem. Rev. 96:555-600, 1996; Keating et al. Chem. Rev. 97:449-472, 1997; Gennari et al. Liebigs Ann./Recueil 637-647, 1997; Reddington et al. Science 280:1735-1737, 1998; each of which is incorporated herein by reference). Before the advent of combinatorial chemistry, potential compounds were typically identified by laborious extraction and screening of natural products or by intricate, single-molecule syntheses.
In the preparation of a combinatorial library of chemical compounds, thousands to millions of compounds are synthesized on a small scale. The process usually starts with a core structure having several sites for functionalization and derivatization. Each of these sites is reacted under a variety of conditions with known reagents to yield a large number of products. The library may be synthesized by various methods, including the split-and-pool method and the parallel synthesis method. The synthetic steps may take place in solution or on a solid phase support, as is more commonly used (Lam et al. Chem. Rev. 97:411448, 1997; Nefzi et al. Chem. Rev. 97:449-472, 1997; Gennari et al. Liebigs Ann./Recueil 637-647, 1997; Gravert et al. Chem. Rev. 97:489-509, 1997; Thompson et al. Chem. Rev. 96:555-600, 1996; Accts. Chem. Res. 29, 1996 (special issue on combinatorial chemistry); Pirrung et al. Chem. Rev. 97:473-488, 1997; Czarnik Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 1:60, 1997; each of which is incorporated herein by reference). The resulting library is then screened using a known assay to identify compounds with a desired activity. The structure of the identified compound can then be determined, for example by decoding information on a solid support (Czarnik Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:12738-12739, 1997; Brenner et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:5381-5283, 1992; Ohlmeyer et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:10922-10926, 1993; U.S. Pat. No. 5,565,324; each of which is incorporated herein by reference) or by determining the compound's position in a spatially addressable array (Fodor et al. Science 251:767-773, 1991; U.S. Pat. No. 5,143,854; U.S. Pat. No. 5,547,839; Geysen et al. Molec. Immunol. 23:709-715, 1986; Houghton et al. Nature 354:84-86, 1991; each of which is incorporated herein by reference). The identified compound may be used as a lead compound in the development of pharmaceutical agents. However, the synthesis and analysis of an entire library, which may contain millions of compounds, is very time consuming and costly, and full scale library analysis is rarely done.
A method and system allowing for fully parallel synthesis of a combinatorial library and full scale analysis of the library would be very useful in the search for new pharmaceutical agents and other compounds with a variety of properties.

One-dimensional arrays on optical fibers


A method for storing a tracing event including encountering a tracing probe, selecting a probe buffer corresponding to the tracing probe, obtaining a buffer within the probe buffer using a thread identifier corresponding to a thread that encountered the tracing probe, and storing the tracing event in the buffer.

The software core of a computer system (e.g., a system with one or more central processing unit (CPUs)) is generally referred to as the kernel of the computer system. The kernel includes an interrupt handler to handle requests for resources provided by the computer system and a scheduler that determines the order of the execution of various processes within the resources of the computer system. Additionally, the computer system may include a kernel tracing framework for tracing events performed by processes in the kernel.
Conventionally, the kernel tracing framework provides a set of programs and application program interfaces (APIs) that may be used to present an overview of the performance of any part of the kernel. The kernel tracing framework is also used to debug or observe operations within the kernel.
Typically, multiple threads are executing simultaneously within the system. When the kernel tracing framework is activated a tracing event (i.e., stores data regarding tracing events) is recorded whenever one of the threads executing in the system encounters a trace point (i.e., a point in the execution path of the thread at which data about the state of the kernel, etc. is collected) during executing. The tracing framework typically uses a global buffer (i.e., shared resource used by all the CPUs and kernel subsystems within the computer system) to record the tracing event. Based on the requests from the various threads, tracing event data is recorded sequentially into the global buffer. Once the global buffer becomes full, the global buffer is marked as such, and a new global buffer is allocated from the computer system memory resources.
Conventionally, in order to protect the global buffer from multiple threads storing data (i.e., tracing events) simultaneously, each thread obtains a lock for the global buffer prior to using the global buffer. The lock allows only the thread that obtained the lock to store data in the global buffer. Once the tracing event data is recorded in the global buffer, the thread releases the lock, thereby allowing another thread to obtain the lock and record tracing event data in the global buffer.
The thread that obtains the lock typically prevents other threads from accessing the global buffer for the amount of time needed to record tracing event data. In some instances, allowing only one thread to update the global buffer with tracing event data causes accesses to the buffer to become serialized. In other words, a thread that wants to record an event may be blocked from using the global buffer until the lock protecting the global buffer is released.

Scalable buffer control for a tracing framework


A compact disc storage and protective enclosure for securely positioning a disc having a flat circular shape. The enclosure incorporates a unitary element comprising of a single piece of durable and flexible material having a back section, a left section that folds across the back section, a right section that folds across both the left and back sections, a bottom section that folds across both the right and left sections, and a top section that folds across the bottom section. A disc is positioned within the enclosure that also includes a gap having a convex shape into which each of the left and right sections can flex in order to absorb an impact.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a protective enclosure for portable media such as a Compact Disc (CD) or other similar type of recording media.
2. Description of the Related Art
CD's and DVD's are among the most common medium for storing and transporting data from one location to another. Whether they contain music, movies or software, these discs are utilized by virtually every industry imaginable. Because data is written on the outside of a CD (and other such media), these discs can easily become scratched or damaged when dropped or impacted by foreign objects. Traditionally, packaging containers for CD's have come in two varieties which include the hard "jewel box" design and the soft "sleeve" design.
Jewel box containers typically comprise a cover manufactured of transparent plastic material as well as a hard plastic base for holding the disc in place. Typically, one end of the cover is attached to the base via a hinge, while the other end is secured to the base via a clip or other securing means, thus allowing the cover to be opened and closed at will. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 5,101,971 describes a storage holder having a rigid base and cover. However, traditional designs utilizing all rigid materials have drawbacks owing to the expense, weight and durability of the material. As such, recent designs have focused incorporating the use of lower cost materials into the traditional design. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 6,079,557; U.S. Pat. No. 6,283,286; and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008-0017535 describe containers that utilize a traditional hard plastic base that is paired with a cover constructed from less expensive material, such as a light plastic flap or a paper covering. However, the financial and environmental costs associated with producing packaging of this type remain high due to the use of several different non-biodegradable materials such as injection molded plastic, composites and adhesive materials. Moreover, there remains a problem wherein the less expensive covers provide no protection to the disc against impact and oftentimes, the cover will separate from the base when the container is dropped, causing the disc to become dislodged which can result in damage to the disc.
Alternatively, sleeve packages are inexpensive to manufacture and typically comprise a lightweight paper material having a pocket into which the disc is inserted. Several examples include: U.S. Pat. No. 5,662,217; U.S. Pat. No. 5,154,284; U.S. Pat. No. 6,227,364; U.S. Pat. No. 6,494,319; and U.S. Pat. No. 7,267,226. Although these containers are lightweight and are at least partly biodegradable, there is a problem in which they provide virtually no protection against impact or pressure, provide little internal support for the disc and will quickly disintegrate when exposed to sufficient moisture. Moreover, any artwork or content list which typically accompanies the disc must be reproduced on the outside of the sleeve, thus increasing production costs and producing additional waste.
Accordingly, it would be beneficial to provide an improved disc package having a unitary design which is lightweight, biodegradable, moisture resistant and resistant to impact. It is also an objective of the invention to provide a disc enclosure which is simple to use and economical to manufacture.

Compact disc storage and protective enclosure


Footwear systems include an article of footwear and a data transmission system engaged with the article of footwear. The transmission system transmits data to a remote system, such as a display system, another data transmission system, a processing system, etc. Such footwear systems further may include activation systems for activating the transmission and/or display systems. The transmitted data may be used for various purposes, such as: (a) identifying a user of the article of footwear; (b) activating targeted advertising or product information; (c) confirming the user's presence at a specific location and/or at a specific time; (d) determining start, finish, and/or intermediate split times for specific user; (e) confirming athletic equipment usage; (f) providing data for a game or reward program; (g) registering the user for an event or competition; or the like.

Conventional articles of footwear have included two primary elements, namely an upper member and a sole structure. The upper member provides a covering for the foot that receives and positions the foot with respect to the sole structure. The upper member may be made from a wide variety of materials, including, for example, leather, canvas, rubber (natural or synthetic), polymeric materials, fabric, and the like. In addition, the upper member may have a configuration that protects the foot and provides ventilation, thereby cooling the foot and removing perspiration. The sole structure generally is secured to a lower portion of the upper member and generally is positioned between the foot and the contact surface (the terms "contact surface" or "surface," as used herein, include any foot or footwear contact surface, including but not limited to: grass, dirt, snow, ice, tile, flooring, carpeting, synthetic grass, asphalt, cement, concrete, clay, court surfaces, and the like). In addition to attenuating ground reaction forces, the sole structure may provide traction and help control foot motion, such as pronation. Accordingly, the upper member and the sole structure operate cooperatively to provide a comfortable structure that is suited for a variety of ambulatory activities, such as walking and running.
The sole member of athletic footwear, in at least some instances, will exhibit a layered configuration that includes a comfort-enhancing insole, a resilient midsole (e.g., formed, at least in part, from a polymer foam material), and a ground-contacting outsole that provides both abrasion-resistance and traction. The midsole, in at least some instances, will be the primary sole structure element that attenuates ground reaction forces and controls foot motion. Suitable polymer foam materials for use as at least portions of the midsole include ethylvinylacetate ("EVA") or polyurethane ("PU") that compress resiliently under an applied load to attenuate ground reaction forces. Conventional polymer foam materials are resiliently compressible, in part, due to the inclusion of a plurality of open or closed cells that define an inner volume substantially displaced by gas. The upper member and sole structure in footwear products may be joined to one another in various different ways, such as using cements or adhesives, stitching or sewing, mechanical connectors, fusing techniques, or the like.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Footwear products including data transmission capabilities


A session can be predicted and created on a user's computing device to thereby allow the user to immediately resume productivity upon logging in. When a user accesses a set of applications from multiple computing devices and/or at different times or locations, telemetry information can be captured and processed to generate session predictions for the user. The session predictions can then be employed to automatically create sessions on the user's computing devices based on the user's location and the time of day.

It is becoming common for businesses to allow their employees to use a variety of computing devices to access applications for work purposes. Also, techniques, such as Dell's Hybrid Client, have been developed to allow these applications to be hosted in different ways while remaining seamlessly accessible from the variety of computing devices that an employee may use. For example, these applications may include native (i.e., locally installed) applications, applications accessible via a virtual desktop infrastructure (e.g., applications hosted on-premises or in a private cloud), applications streamed from a public cloud (e.g., Office 365 hosted in Azure), etc.
FIG. 1 provides an example of how a user may be enabled to use multiple computing devices to access a set of applications. As shown, a business or other entity may maintain a management server 100 which interfaces with any computing device that an employee may be allowed to use to access applications (not shown). As one example only, these computing devices could include a personal tablet 101, a personal laptop 102, a work PC 103 and a work tablet 104. For a public-cloud-based application, any of these computing devices can interface with the public cloud to access the application. For a private-cloud-based/on-premises application, personal tablet 101 and personal laptop 102 may be allowed to access the application using a VDI connection over a VPN or gateway, whereas work PC 103 and work tablet 104, which may be connected to the corporate network, may access the application using a VDI connection. In some cases, work PC 103 and/or work tablet 104 may include native versions of an application. Of primary relevance, management server 100 enables the user to access the applications seamlessly regardless of which computing device he uses.
Although these advances may enable the user to access his applications from virtually any of his computing devices, they create difficulties that degrade the user experience relative to traditional single computing device scenarios. For example, many users prefer putting their laptop to sleep or into hibernation rather than shutting it down to retain the state of the running applications. More particularly, when a computing device is awakened, each application that was running when the computing device was put to sleep will resume running, including maintaining the position of its window on the desktop. This restoring of the state of the running applications is seamless when the user uses the same computing device and when the applications are native because their state is retained in local memory or storage.
In contrast, when the applications are VDI-based or cloud-based, waking the computing device from a sleep or hibernation state does not directly restore any applications that had been running given that the applications are remote to the computing device. Instead, to restore such VDI-based or cloud-based applications, it is necessary for the locally-executing components to reestablish a connection with the source of the applications (e.g., by launching a VDI client or accessing the cloud application in a browser). As a result, restoring a non-locally-hosted application can take a significant amount of time thereby eliminating the primary benefit of putting the computing device into a sleep or hibernation state. The same issue exists when the user moves to a different computing device. In particular, when the user logs in to the different computing device, he will need to wait for the connection to the remotely-hosted application to be established. He will also need to wait for any locally-hosted applications to be loaded.
Additional issues arise when the user desires to resume work on a different computing device. For example, if a user initially accesses applications on a mobile device that has a single display (e.g., a phone or tablet), the windows for the applications may be arranged in a tiered manner. If the user then moves over to a home office computing device that includes two monitors and a Bluetooth keyboard and mouse, the user may manually arrange the windows for the applications on the different monitors. Also, the user may need to wait for drivers for the keyboard and mouse to be virtualized to allow them to be used to access the applications. If the user then travels to his work office to access the same applications on his work computing device that has three monitors and a USB keyboard and mouse, he may again need to manually arrange the windows for each application on the monitors and await enumeration of the keyboard and mouse. In short, resuming work when moving between different computing devices may require loading/reconnecting each application, manually arranging the applications' windows and enumerating/configuring peripherals, all of which adds significant delay and complexity to the process of resuming work. In a worst case scenario, it may take multiple minutes for a user to resume working with applications on a different computing device.

Predicting and creating a session on a user's computing device


A technique for receiving multi-frequency data in a high speed downlink access service is disclosed. In this manner, one or more deficiencies of current HSDPA technology are mitigated, such as where user equipment (UE) can merely be scheduled by the network side at a single frequency. Among other things, a control channel set and a list of frequencies for user equipment (UE) are exchanged between a network side and UE accessing the network.

High speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) technology is a new technology introduced by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) in Release 5, which can improve a data transmission rate in a downlink direction of the packet service and can improve a frequency utilization ratio of the system. According to the HSDPA technology, multiple users share code channel resources and a higher rate is allocated to a UE (user equipment) with a good channel environment and a lower rate is allocated to a UE with a bad channel environment by the AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding)) and HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) technologies. The HSDPA technology is also adaptable to three different modes of WCDMA FDD (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access-Frequency Division Duplex), UTRA TDD (Universal Telecommunication Radio Access Time Division Duplex) and TD-SCDMA (Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access).
For the UE working at a single frequency, when the data transmission is performed with the HSDPA technology, the HS-DSCH (High Speed Downlink Shared Channel) is used to carry high layer data and the data on the HS-DSCH are mapped to a HS-PDSCH (High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel) to be transmitted after being coded and interleaved; the UE interacts with the network about the control information through a HS-SCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel) and a HS-SICH (High Speed Shared Information Channel)/HS-DPCCH (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel). The HS-SCCH corresponds to the HS-SICH one by one and a plurality of pairs of HS-SCCH/HS-SICH can be allocated in one cell but one UE at most needs to concurrently monitor 4 HS-SCCHs.
During the communication process, in the TDD system, when the network side has data to be transmitted to some UE at some time through a scheduling algorithm, the network side selects one HS-SCCH from a set of HS-SCCHs allocated to the UE and transmits information related to the data transmitted to the UE to the UE, wherein the information generally comprises number of code channels of HS-PDSCH to be received, number of time slots, indicator of data length, adopted modulation mode, RV version and indicator flag of new data etc. and the UE receives and processes the HS-PDSCH according to the control information of the HS-SCCH, replies the ACK/NACK and CQI (channel quality indicator) to the network side through the HS-SICH and the network side controls the subsequent transmission of data to the UE according to the information.
FIG. 1 illustrates an interaction flow of data transmission according to the HSDPA technology between the UE and the network side at the single frequency in a conventional TDD system.
1. A RNC (Radio Network Controller) configures related resources of HS-PDSCH/HS-SCCH/HS-SICH (comprising information of code channel, time slot, midamble etc.) for a Node B through a physical shared channel reconfiguration request according to network planning;
2. When a UE supporting the HSDPA accesses the network, it reports a service request and its capability to the network side;
3. When the RNC at the network side determines the access is allowed according to the requested service type and the capability of the UE, it transmits the capability of the UE to the Node B and requests the Node B to allocate resources for the UE, comprising a set of HS-SCCH/HS-SICH to be monitored by the UE;
4. The Node B allocates related shared resources for the UE, such as the set of HS-SCCH/HS-SICH, and transmits the information to the RNC;
5. The RNC transmits related shared resources allocated for the UE to the UE;
6. During the realtime communication, when the Node B transmits data to the UE at some time according to the scheduling algorithm, it selects one HS-SCCH from the set of the HS-SCCH/HS-SICH monitored by the UE to indicate the related control information of the HS-PDSCH carrying data, transmits the coded and multiplexed HS-SCCH to the UE and maps the processed data to the corresponding HS-PDSCH according to the timing relation and transmits to the UE;
7. The UE monitors the HS-SCCHs in the monitored set of HS-SCCH/HS-SICH and when it receives the HS-SCCH and after the decoding processing, it determines the HS-PDSCH data to be received, receives the HS-PDSCH data according to the control information transmitted on the HS-SCCH, and transmits a reply message (such as NACK/ACK) through the HS-SICH corresponding to the HS-SCCH to the Node B according to the decoding result (when the decoding data is right, ACK is replied, when the decoding data is wrong, NACK is replied; CQI is the channel quality indicator).
The current HSDPA technology operates on a single frequency cell and the UE supporting the single frequency. The network side interchanges the control information with the UE through the shared control channel and the network side notifies the UE through the HS-SCCH about whether to receive the subsequent HS-PDSCH, length of data and modulation mode on the HS-PDSCH, and redundancy version etc.; the UE replies the NACK/ACK and the CQI to the network side through the HS-SICH (for the TDD system) or the HS-DPCCH (for the FDD system). However, for the UE supporting multiple frequencies, when it operates in a multi-frequency cell, the data can be concurrently transmitted at multiple frequencies, but the UE can not be controlled to receive data at multiple frequencies.

Receiving multi-frequency data in high speed downlink packet access service

Shanghai Ultimate Power Communications Technology Co., Ltd.


A shroud for interacting with a circuit component defining a component surface having an array of pins extending from the component surface. The shroud includes a planar member defining an array of apertures complimenting the array of the pins. The planar member is configured to interact with the circuit component to maintain uniform contact between the pins and a corresponding socket.

The circuitry of programmable electronic systems, such as computer systems, telecommunication switching systems, and control systems typically include one or more circuit components attached to substrates, such as printed circuit boards (PCBs), via sockets that provide for easy removal and/or replacement of the circuit components. Such circuit components include an array of pins arranged to mate with an array of pin sleeves of a complimentary socket on the substrate. As demands for portability increase, so does the demand for smaller programmable electronic systems. In order to make a smaller programmable electronic system, smaller circuit components within the programmable electronic system have been introduced.
One method of making the smaller components includes utilizing a surface-mounted technique for attaching the pins to the substrate. The surface-mounted technique typically includes soldering each of the array of pins to one of an array of soldering pads positioned on a surface of the substrate, rather than partially implanting the pins within cavities in the substrate in accordance with a conventional through-hole mounting technique. The surface-mounted pins are typically electrically connected with the internal routing system of the substrate via the soldering pads. Surface-mounted pins allow components to have a smaller footprint and a thinner profile than components having conventional through-hole pins. Due to at least these advantages, surface-mounted pins have increased in popularity. The increased popularity of surface-mounted pins has accordingly increased the desire to improve reliability of the connection between the array of surface-mounted pins and the corresponding sockets.
Therefore, for the reasons stated above and the reasons presented in the present specification, there is a need for a circuit component assembly that improves the reliability of connections between surface-mounted pins and the complimentary socket.

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


The invention relates to a process for bleaching chemically delignified lignocellulose-containing pulp, to render more efficient a peroxide-containing treatment stage, by treating the pulp with a complexing agent before the peroxide step, so that the trace metal profile of the pulp is altered by the treatment with the complexing agent, in the absence of sulphite, at a pH in the range from 3.1 up to 9.0 and at a temperature in the range from 10.degree. C. up to 100.degree. C., whereupon, in a subsequent step, the treatment with a peroxide-containing substance is carried out at a pH in the range from 7 up to 13, said two-step treatment being carried out at an optional position in the bleaching sequence applied to the pulp.

Bleaching of chemical pulps is mainly carried out with chlorine-containing bleaching agents, such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide and hypochlorite, resulting in chloride-containing, corrosive spent bleach liquors which therefore are difficult to recover and thus results in detrimental discharges to the environment. Nowadays, there is a strive towards the use of, to the greatest possible extent, bleaching agents poor in or free from chlorine, so as to reduce the discharges and recover the spent liquors. One example of such a bleaching agent, which recently has come into increasing use, is oxygen. By using an initial alkaline oxygen stage in a multi-stage bleaching sequence of, for example, sulphate pulp, it is possible to reduce the discharge from bleach plants by more than half the original amount, since spent oxygen bleach liquor not containing chlorine is recoverable. However, after an initial oxygen bleaching stage, the remaining lignin left in the pulp is about half of the amount remaining after the delignification in the cooking process, which thus has to be dissolved out of the pulp by further bleaching by means of chlorine-containing bleaching agents. Therefore, there is a tendency to further reduce, by means of various pretreatments and prebleaching stages, the amount of lignin that has to be removed by chlorine-containing bleaching.
Other types of bleaching chemicals which are suitable from a recovery point of view, include peroxides, e.g. inorganic peroxides, such as hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxide, and organic peroxides, such as peracetic acid. In actual practice, hydrogen peroxide is not used to any appreciable extent in the first step of a bleaching sequence to obtain an initial reduction of lignin and/or an increase in brightness, because of the large amounts of added hydrogen peroxide which are necessary.
Thus, large amounts of hydrogen peroxide must be added in alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment to reach a satisfactory dissolution of lignin, since such a treatment gives a high degree of decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide, resulting in considerable costs for chemicals. In acidic hydrogen peroxide treatment, the same dissolution of lignin can be obtained as in alkaline treatment with a much lower consumption of hydrogen peroxide. However, the acidic treatment results in a substantial drop in the viscosity of the pulp, i.e. the decomposition products of the hydrogen peroxide, at low pH values attack not only the lignin, but also the cellulose, so that the length of the carbohydrate chains is reduced, resulting in impaired strength properties of the pulp. Furthermore, an intensely acidic treatment is inconvenient since it involves the precipitation of lignin already dissolved, the resin becomes sticky and difficult to dissolve, and problems arise regarding the recovery of the acidic spent liquor.
According to SE-A 420,430, the drop in the viscosity in an acidic hydrogen peroxide treatment can be avoided by carrying it out in the presence of a complexing agent, such as DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), at a pH of from 0.5 to 3.0. This treatment step is followed by an alkaline extraction step for removal of dissolved lignin, without intermediate washing.
Furthermore, it is known to remove trace metals from cellulose pulps by using the combined effects of sodium sulphite (SO.sub.2 in an alkaline solution) and DTPA before the peroxide treatment step, see Gellerstedt et al, Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 2(3), 231-250 (1982). By this, complexes of DTPA and a reduced metal ion are formed and which can be removed from the pulp by washing, whereupon a hydrogen peroxide treatment with improved efficiency can be carried out.
For mechanical pulps, it is common practice to include pretreatment with complexing agents in a bleaching sequence, prior to an alkaline hydrogen peroxide stage, see e.g. EP 285,530, U.S. Pat. No. 3,251,731 and SU 903,429. In this case, however, the aim is purely to bleach the pulp and not to delignify it. For this purpose, the activity of hydrogen peroxide is controlled by the addition of silicates, such as sodium silicate, so that on the whole it is the content of chromophoric groups which is reduced. Failure to include silicate in the bleaching composition will prevent the mechanical pulp from gaining the best obtainable brightness, even if the charge of hydrogen peroxide is substantially increased, e.g. by 50% above the normally added quantity. For chemical pulps, the addition of silicates is avoided, since this would only increase the cost for chemicals without any positive effect and make it impossible to easily recover the waste liquors. Furthermore, for chemical pulps the increase in brightness is definitely influenced by a change of pH in the complexing stage, whereas this is not the case when treating mechanical pulps with complexing agents.

Process for bleaching lignocellulose-containing pulps


A film cartridge comprises a rotatable film spool, and a film exposure status indicator capable of changing state to provide a visual indication of the exposure status of a filmstrip for the film cartridge. The film exposure status indicator includes a film exposed indication positioned to be seen, and a dry erasable coating that covers the film exposed indication to conceal the film exposed indication from view and that can be erased to reveal the film exposed indication. A wiper device for erasing the erasable coating is positioned in contact with the erasable coating. Either one of the film exposed status indicator and the wiper device is connected to the film spool for rotation with the film spool relative to whichever one of the film exposed status indicator and the wiper device is not connected to the film spool, whereby the relative movement between the film exposed status indicator and the wiper device will cause the wiper device to erase the erasable coating.

It is known for a film cartridge to have a film exposure status indicator for providing a visual indication that a filmstrip inside the cartridge housing has been exposed. Often, the film exposure status indicator is one which cannot be used with a conventional type cartridge, but instead requires a special or new cartridge.
For example, prior art U.S. Pat. No. 5,278,600, issued Jan. 11, 1994, discloses an atypical film cartridge comprising a film spool rotatable inside the cartridge housing, an indicator window in an end cap of the cartridge housing, an annular indicator wheel rotatable inside the cartridge housing behind the indicator window to move a film exposed indication on the indicator wheel to the indication window, and an annular drive wheel rotatably linked with the film spool for rotating the indicator wheel to move the film exposed indication to the indication window. A pin and receiver clutch device transmits movement of the drive wheel to the indicator wheel when the film spool is rotated in a film unwinding direction, and leaves the indicator wheel and the drive wheel disconnected when the film spool is rotated in a film winding direction. Since the indicator wheel is located inside the cartridge housing, it cannot be used with a conventional type cartridge.

Film cartridge with visual exposure status indicator


The present invention is a parallel RF amplifier circuit that selects between a high power side (HPS) and a low power side (LPS), depending upon output power. A chain matching network couples an LPS output to an HPS output for improved efficiency at lower output power. When the HPS is selected, the LPS output is disabled, and when the LPS is selected, the HPS output is disabled When the HPS is selected, large signal voltage swings from the collector of the HPS amplifier may be multiplied through the chain matching network, and may cause negative voltage swings at the LPS collector, which may degrade linearity and efficiency of the HPS amplifier by driving currents into the disabled LPS amplifier. Therefore, the present invention includes LPS bias circuitry to minimize impacts of negative voltage swings at the LPS output.

Portable battery powered wireless communications devices, such as mobile terminals, cell phones, and the like, often have the ability to transmit information at different output power levels. When receive signal strengths are large, transmitting at lower output power levels can reduce battery consumption, decrease RF radiation exposure, and reduce RF interference. One way to reduce output power levels is to reduce operating voltages at the final stage of a transmitter power amplifier (PA) by using a DC-to-DC converter. DC-to-DC converters have requirements for printed circuit board (PCB) space, cost, and complexity, and may add the potential for spurious signals. An alternate architecture may be a multiple stage amplifier that bypasses certain stages for reduced output power; however, the required bypass circuitry can be somewhat complex. A more effective architecture may be a parallel amplifier circuit including a high power side and a low power side, which are both coupled to one RF output. By selecting the low power side for transmission at lower output power levels, efficiency can be maintained while using a relatively simple architecture.
One challenge of parallel amplifiers may be coupling the high power side to the low power side while preserving proper impedance matching for both sides. One technique is to provide separate impedance matching circuitry for each side and then isolate the two sides from each other using multiple one-quarter wavelength transmission lines on a PCB; however, space constraints may prohibit this technique. Another technique is to use a chain matching network coupled between the outputs of the two sides. One challenge of this technique is that a chain matching network may allow large voltage swings at the output of the low power side when the high power side is selected. These voltage swings may cause anomalous behavior in the low power side. Therefore, a need exists for a disabled power amplifier that can handle large voltage swings at its output.


The invention relates to an arrangement for swiveling the parts of a convertible vehicle top, which consists at least of two cinematically linked parts, between a locked position and a put-down position and vice versa. To simplify the arrangement and to make it more effective, an intermediate bearing is carried at the body in such a way that it can be swiveled and it is coupled at one side to the body via a flexibly actuated connection element and at the other side it is coupled to one of the swiveling parts of the convertible top of the vehicle. A drive unit is provided at the intermediate bearing for swiveling the convertible top parts. At the body, a fixed control stop is positioned for a stop element that is mounted at the swiveling part of the convertible top that is coupled to the intermediate bearing.

The invention relates to an arrangement for swiveling the parts of a convertible top of a vehicle, which consists at least of two cinematically linked parts, and is in particularly destined for two-part and three-part so called hard tops of convertible cars.
So called retractable hard top convertible cars are known that require a relatively large space for the swivel motion of the rear top part exactly in the area in which parts of the body and/or tank filler inlets are located, in particular in vehicles produced according to the platform principle. For this reason, considerable and expensive changes are required at the body assembly for the convertible version of vehicles constructed according to the platform principle. Moreover, the large space required for the movement of the convertible top is not at its end positions and therefore used only during a relatively short time. A solution already known bypasses the area used for a short time by a mechanic system that swivels the rear top part first around a center of motion at a very high location before moving it into the put-down position around a center of motion that is located more in the front. For the put-down motion a second drive is required.
The DE 101 63 727 B4 describes a swivel motion of the top parts in two steps. For this movement a drive cylinder is attached with one of its coupling points or centers of motion at the body and therefore it needs a relatively long length. Moreover, this solution is restricted to specific drive units. The use of a swivel motor is not possible or only with considerable adjustment measures.
The EP 1 160 113 A2 depicts an actuating arrangement for swiveling parts of convertible vehicle tops in which a turntable drive is integrated into the body-mounted main bearings of the swiveling parts in such a way that a convertible top bow or a tonneau cover is actuated by the shaft of the turntable drive. This solution suited for simple convertible car designs is hardly applicable for retractable hard tops and moreover it requires much effort during mounting and repair works.
Furthermore, DE 885 356 describes a convertible vehicle top that includes a drive motor within the joint between the roof frame and the rear frame. In a closed motion course the drive motor participates in all movements. Thus, the clearance required for the movement of the top elements and their drive units is relatively big. Additionally, the energy supply lines to the drive motor have a complex design and are subject to considerable stresses.

Arrangement for swiveling the parts of a convertible top of a vehicle