One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for preventing incorrect lighting changes in a daylight-harvesting system, which controls the output of a lighting system based on the presence of daylight and/or other light sources to reduce energy usage. During operation, the system measures a first light level using a first sensor. Next, the system measures a second light level for a different field-of-view using a second sensor. When the system detects through the first sensor a change in the first light level, the system determines from the second sensor whether the second light level has also changed. If the first sensor and the second sensor both detect a change (in the same direction) in the measured light levels, the system adjusts the light output of the lighting system to maintain target light levels for the area.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to lighting control systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to a technique for preventing incorrect lighting adjustments in a daylight-harvesting system.
2. Related Art
Most commercial spaces with windows receive enough daylight to at least partially reduce the need for electric lighting. Daylight-harvesting systems take advantage of this fact by reducing the amount of electric lighting used when there is sufficient daylight present. For instance, a daylight-harvesting system can dim or switch electric lights to complement the amount of available daylight. Reducing electric lighting in this way can provide significant energy savings and can reduce peak energy demand.
However, installing and maintaining daylight-harvesting systems can involve substantial expense and effort, and such systems can suffer from reliability issues. For instance, the sensors used in daylight-harvesting systems can be affected by factors other than variations in daylight. Such factors can cause over-dimming or annoying light-level fluctuations that can lead to occupant frustration and result in the eventual disablement of the system.
Hence, what is needed is a method and an apparatus for improving daylight-harvesting systems.

Method for preventing incorrect lighting adjustment in a daylight harvesting system

The Regents of the University of California


In accordance with a method for location based data pushing, a computer server receives first geolocation data that identify a first geolocation of a first client device, and identifies a plurality of second client devices as located within a predetermined range of the first geolocation. In response to the identifying, the computer server retrieves webpage log data that record information concerning a plurality of websites that have been accessed by the second client devices. Further, in response to a web access request received from the first client device for accessing a webpage, the computer server identifies, among the retrieved webpage log data, one or more web pages as being related to the webpage associated with the web access request, and transmits information of at least one identified webpage and the webpage associated with the web access request to the first client device.

Push and Pull technologies are widely applied to communicate data between a web browser and a web server in a standard webpage request and response process. Pull technology allows the web browser at a client side to initiate a webpage access request and collect specific content data concerning a corresponding webpage. However, Push technology has become a more popular solution of Internet-based communication where the web server is able to proactively provide collated content that is personalized for the user of the web browser without the user specifically requesting the personalized content. The personalized content provided by the web server is often determined by preference settings that are set forth in advance in the web browser by the user. As a result, Push technology has conveniently allowed the user to select content in a requested webpage according to his or her personal preferences, and thereby satisfied the user's unique demands in a customized manner.
Typically, in Push technology, a server computer normally tracks websites visited by a specific client device, studies user behaviors of a user based on a track record of the visited websites, and determines content of a webpage according to the user behaviors in response to a webpage access request received from the same client device. Thus, the pushed content of the requested webpage is merely indicative of the user's own behaviors and interests, and is substantially limited in its scope. There is a need to develop push technology that proactively predicts user preferences beyond the existing scope of user's own behaviors and thus provides webpage content to anticipate the user's potential interests and ultimately improve corresponding user experience.

Systems and methods for location based data pushing

TENCENT TECHNOLOGY (SHENZHEN) COMPANY LIMITED


The present invention relates to novel phenolic and catecholic amines of Formula I, to processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, to their use in therapy and to their use in radiolabeled form as PET- or SPECT ligands.

Neurodegenerative diseases are becoming more prevalent with the aging population. One particular neurodegenerative disease, which typically has its onset between the ages of 50 and 80 years of age is Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is a disorder of the brain which is characterized by tremor and difficulty with walking, movement, and coordination.
Parkinson's disease appears to be caused by a progressive deterioration of dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra zona compacta of the brain. Dopamine (DA) is a chemical neurotransmitter, which is utilized by brain cells to transmit impulses to control or modulate peripheral muscle movement. The loss of dopamine-containing neurons results in reduced amounts of dopamine available to the body. This process is thought to disturb nerve cell function such that impulses are not transmitted properly, resulting in a loss of muscle control and function.
Currently, there is no known cure for PD. Treatments are typically aimed at controlling the PD symptoms, primarily by replacing the dopamine, either with L-DOPA which is metabolized to dopamine, or by administering chemical agents that stimulate the dopamine receptors. These receptors fall into two broad classes, D1-type and D2-type receptors. The former is divided into D1 and D5 receptors, while the D2 receptor family consists of D2, D3, and D4 receptors.
All major therapies for PD restore the DA tonus which is lost due to the progressive mesencephalic DA-ergic neurodegeneration. L-DOPA is a cheap and efficacious drug, but with a poor PK profile leading to dyskinesia and other response fluctuations. Selective D2-agonists (e.g. pramipexole) give less dyskinesia, and are the preferred first-line treatment of PD.
Certain hydroxylated(phenols or catechols)phenylethylamines (as such or forming part of a semi rigid/rigid ring system) are known to possess useful dopaminergic activity at least in animal models. However, their clinical use is limited because they have low or no oral bioavailability. Apomorphine is used clinically [for clinical experiences, see for example: Manson et al., Brain 124, 331 (2001) and Neef and van Laar, Clin. Pharmacokinet., 37, 257 (1999)]. Several clinical studies are ongoing with alternative delivery strategies for apomorphine, e.g. using intranasal and sublingual formulations; however, these efforts have not yet resulted in an option for the clinical treatment of PD [for general discussions, see: Stacy and Factor (Eds) Neurology, 62 (Supplement 4), S1 (2004) and Neef and van Laar, Clin. Pharmacokinet., 37, 257 (1999)].
DA receptor agonists are able to activate the DA autoreceptors as well as the postsynaptic DA receptors. The effects of autoreceptor stimulation appear to predominate when, for example, apomorphine is administered at low doses, whereas at higher doses the attenuation of DA transmission is outweighed by the enhancement of postsynaptic receptor stimulation. The antipsychotic and antidyskinetic effects in humans of low doses of, for example, apomorphine are likely due to the autoreceptor-stimulator properties of this DA receptor agonist. This body of knowledge indicates that DA receptor stimulants with a high selectivity for central nervous DA autoreceptors would be valuable in treating psychiatric disorders.
Diseases in which an increase in dopaminergic turnover may be beneficial include geriatric diseases as well as bradykinesia. DA receptor stimulants can have an effect in depressed patients, and can be used in the treatment of obesities as an anorectic agent. DA receptor stimulants can improve minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), narcolepsy, and negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Restless leg syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder are other indications which are clinically treated with DA-agonists [for a discussion, see: Lesage and Hening, Seminars in Neurology, 24, 249 (2004)]. In addition, impotence and erectile dysfunction are also likely to be improved by treatment with a DA-agonist (in both women and men). In this context, it is noteworthy that apomorphine when given sublingually is used clinically to improve erectile dysfunction in men.
Clinical studies of therapies using L-DOPA and the D2 agonist Pramipexole in Huntington's disease [a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded trinucleotide repeat (CAG) located at the 5′ end of the 1T15 gene] have shown promising results; thus, treatment of Huntington's disease is another potential application of the compounds of the invention. Other neurodegenerative disorders caused by an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat may also be treatable by the compounds of the invention.
DA is involved in regulation of the cardiovascular and renal systems, and accordingly, renal failure and hypertension can be considered further indications for the compounds of the invention.
Furthermore, DA receptor agonists are used in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia to lower the amount of prolactin in the blood [For a recent review see: Chanson, P. et al, Annales d'Endocrinologie 68(2-3), 113 (2007)]. One example of such a DA receptor agonist is the selective D2 agonist quinagolide (Norprolac®). Therefore, hyperprolactinemia can also be considered as an additional indication for the compounds of the invention.

Phenolic and catecholic amines and prodrugs thereof


This invention is concerned with a novel process for the preparation of a compound of structural formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently are aryl, C.sub.2-15 alkenyl or C.sub.1-15 alkyl, either unsubstituted or substituted with one or three substituents, which can be the same or different, selected from the group consisting of R.sup.a, wherein R.sup.a belongs to a group consisting of C.sub.1-6 alkyl, aryl, halo, --N(R.sup.3).sub.2, --NO.sub.2, --CN, --OR.sup.3, --C.sub.3-6 cycloalkoxy, --CO(R.sup.3), --COOR.sup.3, SO.sub.2 R.sup.3 and --SR.sup.3 ; wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl and aryl, said alkyl, alkenyl or aryl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups of R.sup.a, which is an important antiasthmatic agent.

This application is directed to an improved process for making phosphodiesterase IV inhibitors such as those described in WO 94/14742, published Jul. 7, 1994.
Many hormones and neurotransmitters modulate tissue function by elevating intra-cellular levels of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). The role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) as a second messenger is well recognized. It is responsible for transducing the effects of a variety of extracellular signals, including hormones and neurotransmitters. The level of intracellular cAMP is regulated through both its synthesis by adenyl cyclases and degradation by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE). PDEs form a family of at least seven enzyme isotypes (I-VII) which differ in their affinity for cAMP and/or cGMP, subcellular localisation and regulation (Beavo J. A. and Reifsnyder D. H. (1990) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 11 150-155; Conti M. et al., (1991) Endocrine Rev. 12 218-234). The clinical effects of a number of drugs can be rationalised on the basis of their selectivity for a particular PDE isotype. For example, the cardiotonic drugs milrinone and zaprinast are PDE III and PDE V inhibitors respectively. (Harrison S. A. et al., (1986) Mol. Pharmacol. 29 506-514; Gillespie P. G. and Beavo J. (1989) Mol. Pharmacol. 36 773-781). The anti-depressant drug, rolipram functions as a selective PDE IV inhibitor. (Schneider H. H. et al., (1986) Eur. J. Pharmacol. 127 105-115.).
The availability of PDE isotype selective inhibitors has enabled the role of PDEs in a variety of cell types to be investigated. In particular it has been established that PDE IV controls the breakdown of cAMP in many inflammatory cells, for example, basophils (Peachell P. T. et al., (1992) J. Immunol. 148 2503-2510) and eosinophils (Dent G. et al., (1991) Br. J. Pharmacol. 103 1339-1346) and that inhibition of this isotype is associated with the inhibition of cell activation. Consequently PDE IV inhibitors are currently being developed as potential anti-inflammatory drugs particularly for the prophylaxis and treatment of asthma.
Nucleophilic conjugate additions to vinyl pyridines have received considerable attention over the last several decades. Heo, C. K. M. et al., J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 3570. The highly electrophilic double bond of this heterocycle has been used in a variety of applications such as: a pyridine-ethylenation agent for the indentification and/or purification of cysteine residues in on-line peptide sequencers, Kruft, V. et al., Anal. Biochem. 1991, 193, 306; a thiol protecting group, Katritzky, A. R. et al., J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 4914; a substrate in polymerization reactions useful in the rubber industry, Abraham, T. et al., patent WO 9109061 A2 910627; and a substrate in the synthesis of important pharmaceuticals, Chung, J. Y. L. et al., J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 3176.
There are a number of nucleophiles that react well with 4-vinylpyridine (or the 2-substituted derivative) ranging from soft nucleophiles, such as malonate anions, ester and amide anions, and aryl palladium reagents see Boekelheide, V. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71, 879; Boekelheide, V. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1951, 73, 2356 and Frank, W. C., et al, J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 2947. In contrast, addition of nucleophiles to substituted 4-vinyl pyridines has not received much attention.
A prior art process employs a synthetic strategy using 2S-bomane-010,2-sultan as a chiral auxiliary as shown below: ##STR2##
This method is not amenable to scale-up because of: a) it requires to many steps, b) the high price of the sultam; c) facile isomerization of the acid chloride during its preparation and/or the coupling reaction with the sultam, and d) extreme odor problem during the sultam cleavage using ethanethiol.
Another prior art process comprises treating the olefin 2, and a catalyst, nickel acetylacetonate, Ni(acac)2, with a slurry of the zincate, R.sup.1.sub.3 M, wherein M is ZnLi or ZnMgBr, followed by reductive removal of the sulfinyl group. ##STR3## R.sup.1 is phenyl, substituted phenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkyl or C.sub.2-6 alkenyl. This method also requires many steps.
Now, with the present invention there is provided a ready synthesis that produces Compound I in high yield. The process can be carried out in a few steps without the need for the introduction of activating groups.

Method of preparing phosphodiesterase IV inhibitors


The invention provides a cased electro-optical apparatus that can include an electro-optical unit that receives light in the image display area from a light source, a plate that opposes one side of the electro-optical unit, and a cover for covering the electro-optical unit. The cased electro-optical apparatus can have a case for containing the electro-optical unit by supporting at least a portion of the periphery of the image display area of the electro-optical unit by the plate and/or the cover. One of the plate and the cover is selected from a plurality of ones having different shapes and each of the plurality of ones is attachable to the other.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention belongs to technical fields related to a case for containing an electro-optical unit, such as a liquid crystal panel used as a light valve for a projection display apparatus, for example, a liquid crystal projector, a cased electro-optical apparatus composed of a case mounting or containing the electro-optical unit, and a projection display apparatus having a cased electro-optical apparatus.
2. Description of Related Art
In general, when a liquid crystal panel is used as a light valve for a liquid crystal projector, a bare liquid crystal panel is not disposed on the chassis of the liquid crystal projector. Instead, the liquid crystal panel can be mounted or contained in an appropriate case. This cased liquid crystal panel is disposed onto the chassis. Appropriate screw holes are formed on the case so that the cased liquid crystal panel can be easily fixed onto the chassis.
In such a liquid crystal projector, light emitted from a light source is concentrated and projected onto the cased liquid crystal panel. The light can be transmitted through the liquid crystal panel to project an enlarged image on a screen. Since, in general, the liquid crystal projector is expected to project enlarged images, relatively strong light emitted from the light source, such as a metal halide lamp, is used.
For this reason, a temperature increase in the cased liquid crystal panel becomes a problem. If a temperature increase occurs, the temperature of the liquid crystal interposed between a pair of transparent substrates also increases and causes the liquid crystal to degrade. Specifically, when the light from the light source is uneven, the liquid crystal panel becomes partially heated and so-called 'hot spots' are generated. For this reason, the transmittance of the liquid crystal becomes uneven, and the image quality of the projected image is degraded.
Known cased liquid crystal panels have the following problems. For example, a liquid crystal projector capable of displaying color images includes a plurality of cased liquid crystal panels for each color, i.e., red, green, and blue. In this case, the three cased liquid crystal panels for each color must not have extremely different properties. More specifically, as described above, a relatively strong light enters the cased liquid crystal panel, and, as a result, the temperature of the cased liquid crystal panel increases. Preferably, the temperature increase for each cased liquid crystal panel should be kept almost the same.
In general, however, this is difficult to achieve. For instance, when a plurality of cased liquid crystal panels are included in a liquid crystal projector, the cased liquid crystal panels might be disposed in different orientations or might be in different environments. An example of the latter is a situation wherein cooled air sent out from a cooling fan also disposed on the liquid crystal projector operates unevenly upon each liquid crystal panel. For example, one of the liquid crystal panels might receive the cooled air and, thus, will be cooled. On the other hand, another liquid crystal panel might not receive the cooled air and, thus, will not be cooled.
In such a situation, the temperature of one of the liquid crystal panels will increase extremely compared to the other liquid crystal panels. Consequently, it becomes necessary to prevent the degradation of a liquid crystal layer and the generation of hot spots in the liquid crystal panel undergoing the extreme temperature increase. Also, it becomes necessary to maintain an ideal equilibrium in the amount of temperature increase of each liquid crystal panel as much as possible. If equilibrium is not maintained, the liquid crystal projector might not operate stably.
In general, the liquid crystal panel receiving blue light experiences a greater temperature increase compared to the liquid crystal panel receiving red or green light. This might also cause a difference in the properties of each liquid crystal panel.

Liquid crystal projector with different shaped housing for each liquid crystal panel dependent on color


In a processor executing instructions speculatively or out-of-order, a dependency table tracks instruction dependencies between a current instruction and a live instruction. The table contains an instruction identifier and the destination register specified by the live instruction. The table can also contain information about the age of the entry, the validity of the entry, and the process which the entry is associated. A dependency between instructions is determined by one or more comparators comparing the destination register to the source registers of the current instruction. True dependencies are distinguished from false dependencies using the age information, the validity information, and the process information.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates in general to microprocessors, and more particularly, to microprocessor architectures and methods for detecting true dependencies between instructions in a processor.
2. Relevant Background
Modern computer processors (also called microprocessors) utilize various design techniques for enhancing the speed and overall performance of the processor. Speculative instruction execution is one such technique wherein a branch prediction unit predicts the outcome of a branch instruction, thereby allowing the instruction fetch unit to fetch subsequent instructions according to the predicted outcome. These instructions are then "speculatively" processed and executed to allow the processor to make forward progress during the time branch instruction is resolved.
Out-of-order instruction processing is another performance-enhancing technique in which instructions are processed in parallel in multiple pipelines so long as there are no data or register dependencies between the instructions in each pipeline. If a second instruction has a dependency on a first instruction, then the dependent second instruction must be executed after the first instruction to ensure proper program operation.
To reap significant benefits from speculative instruction execution or out-of-order instruction execution, the processor has to be able to detect dependencies between instruction, and avoid "false" dependencies if no dependency exists in fact.
As an example of a dependency, consider the following two instructions: (underlines indicates a register dependency).
add r1, r2, r3 PA1 load r3, r4, r5
In this example, the load instruction specifies the source registers r3 and r4. Because the add instruction specifies a destination register of r3, the load instruction is dependent upon the completion of the add instruction.
While the processor should be capable of detecting the apparent dependencies between instructions, false dependencies between instructions must be avoided, such as an apparent dependency between a current instruction and an instruction which originated from a mispredicted branch.
What is needed is an apparatus and method for detecting dependencies and distinguishing between true and false dependencies in a processor speculatively executing instructions out-of-order.

Apparatus for enforcing true dependencies in an out-of-order processor


A verification system and method for packet call processing of a mobile telephone. Each IP address is assigned to a terminal, a packet service simulator and the mobile telephone. The packet service simulator simulates a control signal of UTRAN necessary for the mobile telephone and connects data traffic to an internet after a packet call establishment. The packet service simulator transmits an IP packet generated from the terminal to its Ethernet address, receives a packet for the terminal and transmits it to the mobile telephone. For this, the packet service simulator responds to the terminal's ARP request. The terminal is linked to the mobile telephone via a PPP, and the mobile telephone and the packet service simulator to an external internet via an Ethernet.

(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a verification system and method for a packet call processing operation of a mobile telephone. More specifically, the present invention relates to a verification system and method for verifying the radio packet data service operation of a mobile telephone.
(b) Description of the Related Art
FIG. 1 is a schematic of an IMT-2000 network for providing a packet data service.
A mobile subscriber uses a terminal 110, e.g., a notebook computer or a general personal computer to have access to a mobile telephone 120 and get a packet data service such as the internet.
The mobile telephone 120 is linked to a UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) terrestrial radio access network (abbreviated to UTRAN) 130 via an air interface, the UMTS terrestrial radio access network 130 being linked to a serving GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) support node (abbreviated to SGSN) 140 via an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) or an internet protocol (IP) network, the SGSN 140 being linked to an external public domain network (PDN) 170 via a gateway GPRS support node (abbreviated to GGSN) 150.
To develop the packet data service of a mobile telephone in the above-configured packet data service system, there is a need for embodying the UMTS terrestrial radio access network 130, the SGSN 140, the GGSN 150, and a mobile switching center 160.
In the development of the packet data service of a mobile telephone according to prior art, however, the mobile telephone cannot be developed independent of other equipment (e.g., radio access network, SGSN, GGSN, mobile switching center, etc.).
Furthermore, a conventional simulator for data verification such as PING (Packet InterNet Gopher), which has been used to verify the packet call processing operation of the mobile telephone, is incapable of verifying the operation of the mobile telephone for processing various data including Web, Telnet, or file transfer protocol (FTP) on the internet.

Verification system and method for packet call processing operation of mobile telephone

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute


A replaceable distributor plate is adapted for protecting a lower horizontal disc of a rotor of a vertical shaft impact crusher. The replaceable distributor plate includes at least two separate pieces. The separate pieces are separated from each other along separating lines, as seen from above, each of which separating lines extend substantially from the center of the distributor plate to the periphery thereof.

Vertical shaft impact crushers (VSI-crushers) are used in many applications for crushing hard material, such as rocks, ore, etc. U.S. Pat. No. 4,690,341 describes one example of such a VSI-crusher. A VSI-crusher comprises a housing and a horizontal rotor located inside the housing. Material that is to be crushed is fed into the rotor via an opening in the top thereof. With the aid of centrifugal force, the rotating rotor ejects the material against the wall of the housing. On impact with the wall of the housing, the material is crushed to a desired size. The housing wall could be provided with anvils or have a bed of retained material against which the accelerated material is crushed.
The rotor of a VSI-crusher usually has a horizontal upper disc and a horizontal lower disc. The upper and lower discs are connected with a vertical rotor wall. The upper disc has an aperture for feeding material into the rotor. The material lands on the lower disc and is then thrown out of the rotor via openings in the rotor wall. A replaceable center distributor plate is mounted on the horizontal lower disc to protect the same from the material fed to the rotor. The horizontal lower disc of U.S. Pat. No. 4,690,341 is protected by a replaceable circular center distributor plate. WO 2004/020101 illustrates a replaceable hexagonal center distributor plate, which has been found to provide a longer life than the circular ones.
When the center distributor plate has been worn out, it must be replaced, a task which includes a complicated maintenance procedure.

Distributor plate for a VSI-crusher, and a method of replacing such a plate


A new and distinct Sutera roth plant named ‘Sumsut 05’ with violet colored double flowers and a compact growth habit.

The present invention comprises a new and distinct cultivar of Sutera plant known by the varietal name 'Sumsut 05'. The new variety was discovered in May of 2005 in a selected breeding program in 's Gravenzande, The Netherlands. The purpose of the breeding program was to develop double-flowering Sutera plants with a variety of colors. The new variety is a selection from the cross of proprietary, unpatented breeding plants. The female parent was Seedling 1-5 and the male parent was Seedling 2-51. The double-flowering characteristic of the new variety is similar to its parents, but the new variety exhibits a different flower color and a more compact growth habit when compared to both parents. The new variety was first asexually reproduced in July of 2005 by tip cuttings in 's Gravenzande, The Netherlands. The new variety has been trial and field tested and has been found to retain its distinctive characteristics and remains true to type through successive asexual propagations.
The following traits distinguish 'Sumsut 05' as a new and distinct cultivar from other Sutera varieties known to the breeder.                Double flowers; and        Upright and compact growth habit.
The new variety exhibits double flowers like Sutera variety 'Sumsut 06' (U.S. Plant patent application Ser. No. 12/284,402, applied for concurrently). However, 'Sumsut 06' has white flowers and a hanging growth habit, while 'Sumsut 05' has violet flowers and a compact growth habit. The following Table 1 provides a comparative listing of botanical characteristics of 'Sumsut 05' and 'Sumsut 06'.
TABLE 1Botanicalcharacteristics'Sumsut 05''Sumsut 06'Pistil number per1Average of 2inflorescence:Number of petaloidsAverage of 7 (4-9)Average of 14 (8-20)per inflorescence:Flower diameter:15-18 mm 18-20 mmFlower length:7-9 mm  10 mmPeduncle length:6-8 mm18-20 mmLobe length: 5 mm  8 mmLobe width: 5 mm  7 mm
The following Table 2 provides a listing of botanical characteristics that distinguish 'Sumsut 05' from Sutera variety 'Sumsut 04' (U.S. Plant patent application Ser. No. 12/284,308, applied for concurrently).
TABLE 2Botanicalcharacteristics'Sumsut 05''Sumsut 04'Petal number per5Average of 6 (from 5-7)inflorescence:Pistil number perIAverage of 3inflorescence:Number of petaloidsAverage of 7 (4-9)Average of 8 (4-10)per inflorescence:Flower diameter:15-18 mm14-16 mm


A computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium such that when executed by a processor cause a service specific virtual topology base, positioned in a network stratum, to receive a virtual service negotiation initiation message from an application stratum component, wherein the initiation message comprises a plurality of network source addresses, a plurality of network destination addresses, and a service specific objective, obtain a plurality of computed network paths that traverse a network of network stratum Network Elements (NEs) between the network source addresses and the network destination addresses and meet the service specific objective, and calculate service specific virtual topology that abstractly represents the computed service specific network paths.

Network carriers, also sometimes referred to as telecommunications operators or communications service providers, that operate existing networks may desire to optimize network utilization for passing traffic, such as Internet Protocol (IP) traffic, over the lower layers of the network, e.g. across Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model layers 1 to 5 of the network. The optimized traffic may include traffic for triple play services (e.g. Video, Voice, and/or Data) and any type of bulk data transfer. In existing networks, end-to-end services are typically set-up by Operational Support Systems (OSS) or provider specific network management service applications. Network carriers have suggested scenarios for optimizing network utilization and traffic, such as optimizing existing network services and enabling new/emerging network application services.

Software defined network virtualization utilizing service specific topology abstraction and interface


An implanted cardiac device detects an atrial arrhythmia and provides periodically updated atrial arrhythmia status as long as the arrhythmia is ongoing. A patient may request an indication of ongoing atrial arrhythmia status from external to the patient using a patient activator. The patient activator may include a magnet for closing a reed switch in the implanted device to provide the request or may provide the request over a telemetry link to the implanted device. The implanted device may provide the requested atrial arrhythmia status and other information in the form of an audible tone produced by the implanted device or as a message telemetered from the implanted device to the patient activator. The patient activator may include a tone detector and display for providing a visual indication of the atrial arrhythmia status indication. The magnet activator may also be employed to request or withhold atrial shock therapy.

Various types of medical devices are employed to monitor electrical or other activity of the heart and to provide therapy to the heart in response to the detection of irregular cardiac rhythms. Such devices may be implantable beneath the skin of a patient, i.e., in the patient's chest. Such implantable devices include a hermetically sealed canister containing electronic circuitry for implementing the functions of the device, one or more electrodes implanted in one or more of the chambers of the heart, or in close proximity thereto, and leads for connecting the electrodes to the circuitry within the device canister. The device circuitry includes circuitry for detecting electrical signals produced by the heart, which signals are picked up at the electrodes, along with circuitry, typically implemented in a microprocessor, for analyzing the thus-detected cardiac signals. The device may also include circuitry for providing therapy in the form of electric shock signals applied to the heart. Such signals are provided to the heart, via the leads and electrodes mounted in the heart, in response to the detection of an irregular cardiac rhythm by the analysis circuitry based on the detected cardiac activity signals. The implantable device may also include a transmitter/receiver, for transmitting cardiac activity and other information to an external device for, e.g., storage and/or further analysis, and for receiving information, such as programming instructions, from the external device via, for example, an RF link.
An example of such an implantable cardiac device is an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) for treating atrial arrhythmias, e.g., atrial tachycardia, fibrillation, flutter, etc. (The functionality of an atrial AICD may be combined with those of a bradycardia pacemaker, ventricular defibrillator, etc.) Atrial arrhythmias are probably the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Although atrial arrhythmias are not usually life-threatening, patients with atrial arrhythmias generally experience palpitations of the heart, and may experience dizziness or even loss of consciousness. Atrial arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, also have been associated with strokes and other conditions. Atrial arrhythmias can occur suddenly. Implantable atrial cardioverter defibrillators are programmed to detect the onset of atrial arrhythmias and to provide an appropriate electrical shock therapy to the atria to terminate the atrial arrhythmia. The atrial shock therapy to be provided may depend upon the type of atrial arrhythmia detected, e.g., atrial tachycardia versus atrial fibrillation. Shock therapy provided by an implantable atrial cardioverter defibrillator may include a relatively high voltage level atrial defibrillation or cardioversion pulse, which is typically delivered to the atria in synchronism with a detected or paced ventricular activation, to terminate atrial fibrillation or flutter. Atrial antitachycardia pacing may be applied by the implantable device to terminate atrial tachycardia. Atrial antitachycardia pacing typically involves a train of pacing pulses applied to the atria at a rate slightly higher than the rate of the tachycardia.
Various systems and methods have been developed to allow patients having implanted atrial cardioverter defibrillators to monitor and control, to at least some degree, operation of the implanted device. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,490,862 describes an implantable atrial defibrillator which may be programmed to operate in a patient activated mode of operation. In the patient activated mode, an atrial fibrillation intervention sequence is performed by the implanted device in response to the receipt of a sequence command generated from external to the patient. The sequence command may be generated, for example, by an external magnet applied by the patient to near the implantation site, to close and then open a reed switch mounted in the implanted device and coupled to the device microprocessor. The intervention sequence thus initiated by the patient, when he believes he is experiencing an atrial arrhythmia, includes atrial fibrillation detection by the implanted device and, if atrial fibrillation is confirmed, the application of cardioverting electrical energy to the atria.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,674,249 describes the use of a portable communication device which allows a patient to monitor and control the operation of an implanted atrial defibrillator. The portable communication device, which may be dimensioned to be hand held by a patient, includes a transmitter/receiver for communicating with the implanted device via a telemetry (e.g., RF) link. In this system, an atrial fibrillation intervention sequence may be initiated in an implanted device in response to a sequence command generated from the portable communication device. The patient may also use the portable communication device to program the implanted device into an automatic mode wherein the intervention sequence is initiated automatically at predetermined times. The handheld portable communication device receives an acknowledgment signal from the implanted device when a command signal sent from the communication device is received by the implanted device. The receipt of the acknowledgment signal by the portable handheld communication device is displayed to the patient on the device. The display includes a description of the task being performed by the implanted device in response to the command signal sent by the patient. Thus, a patient is able to both monitor and control operation of an implanted cardiac device to some degree.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,999,851 describes an implantable atrial defibrillator which includes an atrial fibrillation detection only mode of operation. In this mode, atrial fibrillation detection is initiated in the implanted device by a command signal sent from an external patient operated communication device, which is in communication with the implanted defibrillator via a telemetry (e.g., RF) link. If atrial fibrillation is detected by the implanted atrial defibrillator, an appropriate signal is communicated to the patient operated communication device, and a visual and/or audible message is provided by the communication device to the patient to indicate whether or not atrial fibrillation is detected. In this detection only mode, a further signal must be provided from the communication device to the implanted device to initiate cardioversion therapy, preferably after continued atrial fibrillation is confirmed by the implanted device.
In each of the systems described above, atrial fibrillation detection, or atrial fibrillation detection followed by atrial shock therapy, if required, may be initiated by a patient using an external communication device. To monitor the progress of an ongoing atrial arrhythmia event in such systems, a patient must repeatedly signal the implanted device to reinitiate atrial fibrillation detection. Furthermore, to both monitor the status of an atrial arrhythmia detected by the implanted device and control the providing of shock therapy to the atria by the implanted device a relatively complicated external communication device employing a telemetry link is used to provide a variety of control signals from the communication device to the implanted device.
What is desired is an atrial shock therapy system which allows a patient to monitor the status of an ongoing atrial arrhythmia event without requiring repeated reinitiation by the patient of atrial arrhythmia detection. Preferably, a relatively simple and inexpensive patient controlled activator or communication device may be employed by the patient both to monitor atrial event status as determined by an implanted device as well as to control the providing of atrial shock therapy by the implanted device.


A transmission control system for performing one-to-multiple site data transmission by a radio packet communication, comprising a plurality of communication terminals and a communication base station for determining timing of access control as well as timing of sending and receiving transmission data, the communication terminals and the communication base station being connected via a radio packet communication system, in which the communication terminal sends a negative acknowledgment signal on the failure in receiving a packet signal sent from the communication base station, the communication base station resends the packet signal which is not received by the communication terminal upon receipt of the negative acknowledgment signal, and the communication terminal sending the packet signal resends the packet signal which was sent just before, upon receipt of the packet signal resent from the communication base station.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a transmission control system for controlling data transmission in radio packet communication, and more particularly, relates to a transmission control system for rendering acknowledgment in the data transmission by the use of one-to-multiple site communication.
2. Description of the Related Art
In one-to-multiple site communication on a network having the structure of an ad hoc network which is not connected to a fixed network, like a radio LAN or the like, acknowledgment processing is performed in order to surely confirm the acceptance of the data in every link. Such acknowledgment processing is performed in the same way as that in the one-to-one communication. On the contrary, the acknowledgment processing is not generally performed in the one-to-multiple site communication by the use of satellite communication, because it is inefficient to get the acknowledgment from all communication terminals and it is not practical to do so from the viewpoint of the reliability of the acknowledgment itself.
However, if the acknowledgment processing is not performed, reliability of signal transmission is extremely decreased. Therefore, proposed is a means for blocking the data to confirm the acceptance of the data for the purpose of increasing the reliability in the signal transmission. As this kind of technique, there is a technique, for example, described in the article "A Broadcast Protocol for File Transfers to Multiple Site", IEEE Trans. Commun., Vol. COM-29, No. 11, pp. 1701-1707, November 1981 written by Calo, S. B. et al.
However, in the above conventional technique of blocking the data to do acknowledgment, as the data size of one block becomes larger, each communication terminal must have a buffer of larger volume according to the size of the block, which results in increasing the cost of hardware disadvantageously. Further, increase in the procedure accompanied by the blocking of the data causes a defect such as to complicate the processing.
Also, a means for notifying not only the acknowledgment but also negative acknowledgment to confirm the acceptance is proposed in order to prevent from decreasing efficiency. As this kind of technique, there is a technique, for example, disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication Laid-Open (Kokai) No. Heisei 60-35851 "Communication System". In the same publication, a method is disclosed, in which when a receiving terminal couldn't receive a packet signal correctly, a negative acknowledgment signal (hereinafter, referred to as a NAK signal) is transmitted to collide with an acknowledgment signal (hereinafter, referred to as an Ack signal) or the NAK signal sent by a specified receiving terminal, thereby recognizing the failure of the data transmission, and retry is requested of the sending terminal.
However, the above conventional technique also has such a defect that it takes a lot of time to detect the Ack signal/the NAK signal, or detect the collision between the NAK signal and the Ack signal, indifferently to whether or not the Ack signal or NAK signal can be received correctly.
As mentioned above, in the conventional one-to-multiple site communication by the use of a satellite, the acknowledgment is not performed generally, thereby to reduce the reliability of the signal transmission.
When the acknowledgment is performed by blocking the data, it has such a defect as to increase the cost of the hardware according to the increase in the buffer capacity as well as to complicate the procedure accompanied by the blocking of the data.
Further, when the no-acceptance is confirmed by sending the negative acknowledgment signal, it takes a lot of time to recognize the failure of the data transmission, which results in preventing from the prompt response.

Data transmission control system for performing one-to-multiple site data transmission by the use of radio packet communication


An address management method, system, and device to avoid a problem that a same Internet Protocol (IP) address is assigned to different packet data unit (PDU) sessions and to effectively use IP addresses in an address pool. The method includes: obtaining, by a session management network element, an identifier of a user plane function network element serving a terminal and session information of the terminal; determining, by the session management network element based on the identifier of the user plane function network element and the session information, an address pool identifier corresponding to the session; sending, by the session management network element, the address pool identifier to a server, where the address pool identifier is used to assign an IP address to the session; and receiving, by the session management network element from the server, the IP address corresponding to the session.

In an existing fifth generation (5G) network architecture, one session management function (SMF) network element can control a plurality of user plane function (UPF) network elements, and one UPF network element can be controlled by a plurality of SMF network elements.
In a scenario in which one UPF network element is controlled by a plurality of SMF network elements, to send downlink data that belongs to different packet data unit (PDU) sessions in one data network (DN) to a terminal through respective tunnels corresponding to the PDU sessions, different Internet Protocol (IP) addresses need to be assigned to the different PDU sessions. Otherwise, the UPF network element cannot determine a tunnel that corresponds to a PDU session and through which downlink data whose destination addresses are a same IP address is to be sent to the terminal.
To resolve the foregoing problem, in other approaches, an address management method is provided to partition an IP address pool corresponding to a data network managed by a UPF network element. For example, if one UPF network element is connected to three SMF network elements, an IP address pool corresponding to a data network managed by the UPF network element may be partitioned into three different segments. The three different segments are configured on the three different SMF network elements respectively. In this case, because different IP address segments are configured on the different SMF network elements, IP addresses that are assigned by the different SMF network elements and managed by the UPF network element are not the same.
Although the foregoing method can avoid a problem that a same IP address is assigned to different PDU sessions, IP addresses may not be effectively used if there are a relatively large quantity of SMF network elements or there are a limited quantity of IP addresses in an IP address pool corresponding to a data network managed by a UPF network element. For example, all IP address in an IP address segment configured on an SMF 1 network element are not available, but an IP address in an IP address segment configured on another SMF network element is still available. In this case, if the SMF network element 1 is selected to serve a PDU session, even though an IP address corresponding to a data network managed by a UPF network element is available, the terminal still cannot access the data network.
Therefore, when one UPF network element is controlled by a plurality of SMF network elements, how to manage addresses to avoid a problem that a same IP address is assigned to different PDU sessions and to effectively use IP addresses in an address pool is an urgent problem to be resolved currently.

Address management method and system, and device


This invention relates to low pressure sheet molding compounds and, more particularly, to a composition that is moldable at pressures below about 100 psi, said composition being made by combining: (A) an unsaturated prepolymer resin; (B) a monomeric unsaturated polymerizable material containing a terminal ethylene group; (C) a hydroxy-terminated polyester having a molecular weight in the range of about 500 to about 3000; (D) a polyisocyanate; and (E) a polymerization initiator; the mole ratio of NCO groups from (D) to OH groups from (C) being in the range of about 0.1 to about 10.

For years it was generally believed that high pressures of about 1000 psi were needed for molding thermoset sheet molding compounds in order to achieve proper flow. The use of such high pressures, however, was costly, requiring heavy duty presses and expensive forged steel tooling.
W. H. Englehart in "The First Successful Low Pressure SMC (SMC II) Application for a Class `A` Part," 33rd Annual Technical Conference, 1978, The Society of Plastics Industry, Inc. reported that SMC II, which was a low viscosity sheet molding compound marketed by Owens-Corning Fiberglas, could be used to mold a part having a class A surface at 500 psi. Since then low pressure sheet molding operations have been developed that operate at pressures as low as 200-300 psi.
Nevertheless, there is a continuing need for sheet molding compounds that can be molded at pressures below 100 psi, particularly with respect to unsaturated prepolymer/polyurethane sheet molding compounds such as polyester/polyurethane sheet molding compounds. The use of such low pressures would provide significant cost reductions in tooling requirements for molders. For example, the use of heavy duty presses could be avoided. Also, cast steel tooling rather than the more costly forged steel tooling could be used.
While the need for such low pressure sheet molding compounds has been clear, the solution to the problem of providing such compounds has not been clear. The present invention, however, provides such a solution.


Proposed is a zinc oxide-based transparent conductor characterized in having zinc oxide as its primary component, containing an element at 1 to 10 atomic % which has a smaller ion radius than zinc in the zinc oxide and serves as an n-type dopant for the zinc oxide, and containing nitrogen in which the atomicity ratio of nitrogen in relation to the n-type dopant (nitrogen/n-type dopant) is 0.3 to 0.6. In the development of a transparent conductor that does not contain In, which is an expensive raw material with concern of resource depletion, the limit of the conventional development technique known as the single-dopant method is exceeded, a guide to dopant selection as a specific means for realizing the co-doping theory is indicated, and a transparent conductor having low resistivity is provided.

The present invention relates to a zinc oxide-based transparent conductor having zinc oxide as its primary component, and a sputtering target for forming the foregoing transparent conductor. Incidentally, the term "transparent conductor" as used herein includes a transparent conductive film.
Today, the material that is being used most as a transparent electrode of flat panel displays and the like is ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), which is obtained by doping indium oxide with an appropriate amount of tin.
The reason why ITO plays the leading part in a transparent conductor is that the various characteristics of ITO such as low resistivity and high transmittance in the visible light region, which are required in a transparent conductor, are superior in comparison to transparent conductors prepared from other materials.
Nevertheless, In (indium) as the raw material to be used in ITO entails problems in that the cost of the end product will increase because indium is expensive, and the supply of materials may become impossible due to resource depletion because indium is a scarce resource. Although the development of a zinc oxide-based transparent conductor having zinc oxide as its primary component is being actively pursued as the development of the substitute material of ITO, there is still a problem in that the resistivity is significantly high in comparison to ITO.
The reason for this is that the conventional development policy of zinc oxide-based transparent conductive materials was only based on the search of an optimal single dopant. In other words, the foregoing policy is to find an element from a periodical table that will serve as an n-type dopant and emit electrons as a result of doping the zinc oxide as the parent material with such element. Specifically, for example, in most cases, a target doped with a candidate element having an atomic valence that is greater than bivalence, which is the valence of zinc, in an appropriate range of concentration is prepared, and this is subject to sputter-deposition to evaluate the resistivity of the film.
As a result of this development policy, although candidate dopants having an atomic valence of trivalence (refer to Patent Document 1) and tetravalence (refer to Patent Document 2) were discovered, the actual condition is that the resistivity of such candidate dopants is far inferior to ITO.
Meanwhile, it has been reported recently that a zinc oxide-based transparent conductor with low resistivity was developed by applying the so-called co-doping theory (refer to Patent Document 3). The subject matter thereof merely requires that an n-type dopant having a concentration above a specified level is contained in an amount that is greater than a p-type dopant.
As it stands now, there have been no other reports in the past in addition to the foregoing report which actually succeeded in preparing a zinc oxide-based transparent conductor with low resistivity, though they have simply satisfied the foregoing requirement.
In addition, although the foregoing report refers to the Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) method and Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) method in the examples as the method of manufacturing a zinc oxide-based transparent conductor, both of these methods are inappropriate for preparing a large-area transparent conductive film.
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. S61-205619
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. S62-154411
[Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-50229

Zinc oxide-based transparent conductor and sputtering target for forming the transparent conductor


An improved backpack assembly is provided. The backpack assembly includes a selectively accessible bag interior, and is defined by top, front, side, back and bottom panels, as is well known in the art. The backpack assembly also includes a pair of shoulder straps each having one end attached to the back panel of the bag at a location adjacent to the top panel, and a second end attached to the bag at a location adjacent to the bottom panel. A loop element is provided along each should strap for enabling said straps to be fixed in a doubled back folded over condition.

This invention pertains to backpacks, and more particularly, to backpacks that are suitable for carrying a garment or other item along the outside thereof.
Backpacks are becoming more and more popular and are used by students, people in the workplace, and by individuals in general for carrying items in a convenient manner.
One problem with conventional backpack assemblies is their limited capacity for storing items. For example, for students, a backpack may be large enough to hold school supplies and books, but may be insufficient in size to also accommodate the student""s jacket or sweater. As a consequence, the student ends up carrying the jacket or sweater in their hands.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to overcome this disadvantage and create a backpack assembly which can not only retain items inside the bag unit, but also retain items on the outside.
Generally speaking, in accordance with the invention, an improved backpack assembly is provided. The backpack assembly includes a selectively accessible bag, and is defined by top, front, side, back and bottom panels, as is well known in the art. The backpack assembly also includes a pair of shoulder straps each having one end attached to the back panel of the bag at a location adjacent to the top panel, and a second end attached to the bag at a location adjacent to the bottom panel.
Significantly, there is provided a loop-type element attached to each shoulder strap at a first location therealong and adjacent to where one end of each shoulder strap is attached to the back panel. The loop element is designed for selectively capturing therewithin a portion of the shoulder strap at a second location therealong when the strap is folded over or doubled back on itself. In this folded over condition, a garment, such as a jacket or sweater or other item, may be captured within the shoulder straps and stored along the outside of the backpack assembly.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved backpack assembly.
Another object of the invention is to provide a backpack assembly for retaining a garment or other item along the outside of the backpack.
Still other objects and advantages of the invention will in part be obvious, and will in part be apparent from the following description.

Backpack assembly for carrying items externally