A quick dissolving pharmaceutical formulation is disclosed. In one embodiment, the formulation includes at least the following components: (1) from about 35 to about 50 weight percent amoxicillin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; (2) from about 2.0 to about 12 weight percent clavulanic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; (3) from about 30 to about 40 weight percent mannitol; (4) from about 2 to about 7 weight percent crospovidone; (5) from about 0.5 to about 2.0 weight percent colloidal silicon dioxide; and (6) from about 2.0 to about 5.0 weight percent sodium stearyl fumarate. A method for making a quick dissolving pharmaceutical tablet is also disclosed.

Oral suspensions of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are commonly used for the treatment of infections in pediatric or elderly adult patients who may be unable to swallow tablets.
A problem with such oral suspension is a decrease in the chemical stability of the active ingredients, especially clavulanic acid or its salts such as potassium clavulanate. Potassium clavulanate is prone to degradation in water, particularly at higher temperatures. Accordingly, such oral suspensions are typically first provided as a dry powder which is reconstituted with water prior to treatment. Even then, the reconstituted suspension must be refrigerated for storage and used within about 10 days. Due to this instability and significant decrease in assay during this in-use period, excess amounts (or overages) of the active ingredients are required in the oral suspension in order to maintain an adequate assay of the active ingredients during the period of use. Even still, the instability of the active ingredients results in unequal dosing of the active ingredients over the course of treatment.
Moreover, oral suspension must still be refrigerated for storage, leading to more inconvenience and a loss of portability of the formulation. This in turn may lead to a decrease in patient compliance to finish the course of treatment.
Accordingly what is needed is an alternative or improved dosage form to oral suspension comprising amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Such formulation should preferably provide improved chemical stability (especially in-use stability) of the active ingredients, accurate dosing of the active ingredients, convenient storage without the need for refrigeration, and patient friendly taste and feel.

Stable quick dissolving dosage form comprising amoxicillin and clavulanic acid


The present invention relates to methods of treating pathological disorders susceptible to steroid hormone nuclear receptor modulation, particularly congestive heart failure, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of the formula: I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In addition, the present invention provides novel pharmaceutical compounds of Formula I, including the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as well as pharmaceutical compositions which comprise as an active ingredient a compound of Formula I

Nuclear hormone receptors are an evolutionarily conserved class of intracellular receptor proteins which have been termed "ligand dependent transcription factors". Evans et al., SCIENCE, 240: 889 (1988). The nuclear hormone receptor gene superfamily encodes structurally-related receptor proteins for glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone), androgens, mineralocorticoids (e.g. aldosterone), progestins, estrogen, and thyroid hormone. Also included within this superfamily of nuclear receptors are receptor proteins for vitamin D, retinoic acid, 9-cis retinoic acid, as well as those receptors for which no cognate ligands have been identified ("orphan receptors") Ribeiro et al., Annual Rev. Med., 46:443-453 (1995). Steroid hormone receptors represent a subset of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. So named according to the cognate ligand which complexes with the receptor in its native state, the steroid hormone nuclear receptors include the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the androgen receptor (AR), the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), the estrogen receptor (ER), and the progesterone receptor (PR). Tenbaum et al., Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Bio., 29(12):1325-1341(1997).
In contrast to membrane bound receptors, nuclear hormone receptors encounter their respective ligands following entry of the ligand into the cell. Once ligand binding occurs, the ligand-receptor complex modulates transcription of target genes within the cell nucleus. For example, most ligand-free nuclear receptors are bound in a complex with heat shock proteins (hsps) in the cytoplasm. Following entry of circulating hormone into the cell, hormone binding elicits a conformational change in the receptor, dissociating the receptor from the hsp. The ligand bound receptors form hetero-dimers that translocate to the nucleus where they bind to particular hormone response elements (HREs) in the promoter regions of target genes.
The HRE-receptor complex then, in turn, regulates transcription of proximally-located genes. (see Ribeiro et al., supra.). On the other hand, thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and other non-steroid receptors such as vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoic acid receptors (RAR) are bound to their respective HRE in the absence of hsps and/or cognate ligand. Hormones released from the circulation enter the cell, binding in the nucleus to these receptors which, in turn, hetero-dimerize to other nuclear receptors such as 9-cis retinoic acid (RXR). As with the steroid hormone nuclear receptors, following ligand binding, the ligand-bound receptor complex again regulates transcription of neighboring genes.
Mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids exert profound influences on a multitude of physiological functions by virtue of their diverse roles in growth, development, and maintenance of homeostasis. The actions are mediated by the MR and GR which share approximately 94% homology in their respective DNA binding regions, and approximately 57% homology in their respective ligand-binding domains. Kino et al., J. of Endocrinology, 169, 437-445 (2001). In visceral tissues, such as the kidney and the gut, MR regulates sodium retention, potassium excretion, and water balance in response to aldosterone. In addition, MR expression in the brain appears to play a role in the control of neuronal excitability, in the negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and in the cognitive aspects of behavioral performance. Castren et al., J. of Neuroendocrinology, 3, 461-466 (1993). GR, which is ubiquitously expressed in almost all tissues and organ systems, and the presence of glucocorticoids, appears crucial for the integrity of central nervous system function and the maintenance of cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune homeostasis. Kino et al., J. of Endocrinology, 169,437-445 (2001).
Elevations in aldosterone levels, or excess stimulation of mineralocorticoid receptors, are linked to several pathological disorders or pathologic disease states including, Conn's Syndrome, primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism, increased sodium retention, increased magnesium and potassium excretion (diuresis), increased water retention, hypertension (isolated systolic and combined systolic/diastolic), arrhythmias, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial infarction, Bartter's Syndrome, and disorders associated with excess catecholamine levels. Hadley, M. E., ENDOCRINOLOGY, 2nd Ed., pp. 366-381, (1988); and Brilla et al., Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 25 (5), pp. 563-575 (1993). Additionally, elevated aldosterone levels have been increasingly implicated with congestive heart failure (CHF). In CHF, the failing heart triggers hormonal mechanisms in other organs in response to the attending reductions in blood flow and blood pressure seen with CHF. In particular, the kidney activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) causing an increase in aldosterone production by the adrenals which, in turn, promotes water and sodium retention, potassium loss, and further edema. Although historically it was believed that aldosterone participated in the etiology of CHF only as a result of its salt retaining effects, several recent studies have implicated elevated aldosterone levels with events in extra-adrenal tissues and organs, such as myocardial and vascular fibrosis, direct vascular damage, and baroreceptor dysfunction. Pitt et al., New Eng. J. Med., 341:709-717 (1999). These findings are particularly significant since angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which were once thought to completely abolish aldosterone production, are now believed to only transiently suppress aldosterone production which has been shown to occur in extra-adrenal tissues including the heart and vasculature. Weber, New Eng. J. Med., 341:753-755 (1999); Fardella and Miller, Annu. Rev. Nutr., 16:443-470 (1996).
The involvement of aldosterone acting via MR in CHF was confirmed in the recently completed RALES (Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study) study. Pitt et al., New Eng. J. Med., 341:709-717 (1999). The RALES study demonstrated that the use of Aldactone™ (spironolactone), a well-known competitive MR antagonist, in combination with standard CHF therapy, reduced cardiac related mortality by 30% and frequency of hospitalization by 35% in patients suffering from advanced CHF. However, spironolactone therapy has also been implicated with attending side effects such as gastric bleeding, diarrhea, azotemia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis an type-4 renal tubule acidosis, nausea, gynecomastia, erectile dysfunction, hyperkalemia, and irregular menses. Thus, the mineralocorticoid receptor represents a viable target for CHF therapy either alone or in combination with conventional CHF therapies such as vasodilators (ACE inhibitors), inotropics (digoxin), diuretics, or beta blockers. Molecules, and preferably non-steroidals, which bind to the mineralocorticoid receptor and modulate receptor activity without the attending side effects of current therapies would be particularly desirable.
Glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol, corticosterone, and cortisone), and the glucocorticoid receptor, have also been implicated in the etiology of a variety of pathological disorders or pathologic disease states. For example, cortisol hyposecretion is implicated in the pathogenesis of Addison's Disease and may result in muscle weakness, increased melanin pigmentation of the skin, weight loss, hypotension, and hypoglycemia. On the other hand, excessive or prolonged secretion of glucocorticoids has been correlated to Cushing's Syndrome and may also result in obesity, hypertension, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, polyuria, and polydipsia. Hadley, M. E., ENDOCRINOLOGY, 2nd Ed., pp. 366-381, (1988). Further, Coghlan et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,166,013, issued Dec. 26, 2000, discloses that GR selective agents could modulate GR activity and, thus, be useful in the treatment of inflammation, tissue rejection, auto-immunity, malignancies such as leukemias and lymphomas, Cushing's syndrome, acute adrenal insufficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, rheumatic fever, polyarteritis nodosa, granulomatous polyarteritis, inhibition of myeloid cell lines, immune proliferation/apoptosis, HPA axis suppression and regulation, hypercortisolemia, modulation of the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance, chronic kidney disease, stroke and spinal cord injury, hypercalcemia, hypergylcemia, acute adrenal insufficiency, chronic primary adrenal insufficiency, secondary adrenal insufficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, cerebral edema, thrombocytopenia, and Little's syndrome. Coghlan et al. also discloses that GR modulators are especially useful in disease states involving systemic inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyartitis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, giant cell arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, hay fever, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, angioneurotic edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, tendonitis, bursitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, organ transplantation, hepatitis, and cirrhosis; and that GR modulating compounds have been used as immunostimulants, repressors, and as wound healing and tissue repair agents.
In addition, Coghlan et al. discloses that GR modulators have also found use in a variety of topical diseases such as inflammatory scalp alopecia, panniculitis, psoriasis, discoid lupus erythematosus, inflamed cysts, atopic dermatitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, eosinophilic fasciitis, relapsing polychondritis, inflammatory vasculitis, sarcoidosis, Sweet's disease, type 1 reactive leprosy, capillary hemangiomas, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema nodosum, acne, hirsutism, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiform, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Thus, it is clear that a ligand which has affinity for steroid hormone nuclear receptors, and particularly for MR and/or GR, could be used to modulate (i.e. antagonize, agonize, partially antagonize, partially agonize) receptor activity and therby influence a multitude of physiological functions related to alterations in steroid hormone levels and/or steroid hormone receptor activity. In this regard, such ligands could be useful to treat a wide range of pathological disorders susceptible to steroid hormone nuclear receptor modulation.
Several art references disclose oxindole derivative molecules useful as, inter alia, photographic coupling agents, intermediates in polyimide synthesis, and chemical catalysts. Further, oxindole-derivative compounds have also been disclosed as having pharmcologic utility as, inter alia, anti-inflammatory agents, laxative agents, and analgesic agents. Surprisingly, however, and in accordance with the present invention, applicants have discovered a series of oxindole-derivative compounds with affinity for steroid hormone nuclear receptors, and particularly MR and GR. Such compounds could modulate receptor activity and, thus, have utility in treating pathological disorders related to alterations in steroid hormone level and/or to alterations in steroid hormone nuclear receptor activity. As a further embodiment, the present invention also provides a novel series of novel non-steroidal oxindole-derivative compounds that exhibit steroid hormone nuclear receptor affinity and modulating activity. Such methods and compounds could address a long felt and continuing need for safe and effective pharmaceutical interventions without the attending side effects of steroidal-type agents. The treatment of steroid hormone related pathological disorders is hereby furthered.
The following references describe examples of the state of the art as it relates to the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,904,575 and Japanese Patent No. JP01105248 disclose indolinone compounds as photographic coupling agents.
Russian Patent No. SU757530 discloses 3,3-diaryl-2-indolinone-1-acetic acid derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents.
Russian Patent No. SU75782 discloses 3,3-di-para-tolyl-5-bromo-1-aminomethyl-2-indolinone derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,705,869 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,173 disclose the synthesis of oxindole diamines useful for preparing polimide polymers.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,053,483 discloses 3,3-bis-4-hydroxyphenyl-2-indolinone compounds as laxative agents.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,558,653 discloses 1-aminoalkyl-3,3-diphenyl-indolinones compounds as anti-inflammatory agents.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,914,431 discloses cocatalysts for the synthesis of bisphenols.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,329,416 discloses combination treatment regimes using 3,3 substitutted indoline derivative PR antagonists.
Published International PCT Application WO 96/19458 and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,696,130; 5,994,544; 6,017,924, and 6,121,450 disclose quinoline derivative analogs as steroid hormone receptor modulators.
Published International PCT Application WO 00/06137 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,166,013 disclose triphenylmethane compounds as glucocorticoid receptor modulators.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,147,066 discloses anti-mineralocorticoid receptor compounds for use in treating drug withdrawal syndrome.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,008,210 and 6,093,708 disclose spirolactone compounds, such as spironolactone and epoxymexrenone, with affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor for use in the treatment of myocardial fibrosis.

Dihydroindol-2-one derivatives as steroid hormone nuclear receptor modulators


Provided is a guard trace pattern reducing far-end crosstalk and a printed circuit board having the guard trace pattern. The guard trace pattern includes a first guard trace pattern parallel with two signal lines and a plurality of second guard trace patterns perpendicular to the first guard trace pattern to increase mutual capacitance between the two signal lines and the guard trace pattern and increase mutual capacitance between the two signal lines. The printed circuit board includes the aforementioned guard trace pattern disposed between micro strip transmission lines. A characteristic impedance of the guard trace pattern is different from a characteristic impedance of the micro strip transmission lines, and resistances having the same value as a resistance component value of the characteristic impedance of the guard trace pattern are provided to both ends of the guard trace pattern.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a guard trace, and more particularly, to a guard trace pattern reducing far-end crosstalk.
2. Description of the Related Art
Far-end crosstalk is noise generated by electromagnetic interference between adjacent signal lines. When high-frequency signals are transmitted through two signal lines running in parallel with each other, the signals transmitted through one of the two signal lines or the two signal lines mutually interfere with each other. Due to the far-end crosstalk generated by the mutual interference, signal transmission losses increase.
Between the two signal lines, capacitive interference due to mutual capacitance and inductive interference due to mutual inductance occur. When a difference between the capacitive interference and the inductive interference occurs, the far-end crosstalk in a receiving terminal is generated.
The far-end crosstalk VFEXT(t) in the receiving terminal can be represented by Equation 1.
                                          V            FEXT                                          (            t            )                          =                              l            2                                          (                                                            C                  m                                                  C                  t                                            -                                                L                  m                                                  L                  s                                                      )                                                        ∂                                                V                  a                                                                  (                                      t                    -                    TD                                    )                                                                    ∂              t                                                          [                  Equation                                                              1                ]
Here, Cm denotes a mutual capacitance between a transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal, and Lm denotes a mutual inductance between the transmitting terminal and the receiving terminal.
Referring to Equation 1, it can be seen that the far-end crosstalk V FEXT(t) in the receiving terminal is proportional to a value obtained by multiplying half a length of a transmission line 1, a time derivative of a transmission signal Va consideration of a time delay TD of the transmission line (∂Va(t-TD)/∂t, and a difference between the capacitive interference and the inductive interference.
Here, the capacitive interference is a value obtained by normalizing the mutual capacitance Cm by C1 (a self capacitance plus the mutual capacitance), and the inductive interference is a value obtained by normalizing the mutual inductance Lm by Ls (a self inductance).
In transmission lines in uniform media such as strip lines, an amount of capacitive interference and an amount of inductive interference between the strip lines are the same, so that the far-end crosstalk in the receiving terminal ideally has a value of 0. However, inductive interference between micro strip lines formed on a printed circuit board is greater than capacitive interference therebetween, so that the far-end crosstalk in the receiving terminal has a negative value.
So as not to generate the far-end crosstalk that does not have a value of 0, a guard trace is disposed between signal lines. The guard trace is a dummy signal line provided between two adjacent signal lines. The guard trace is not associated with signal transmission and performs a function of reducing mutual interference between high-speed signals transmitted through the two signal lines.
FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of a conventional guard trace.
Referring to FIG. 1, the conventional guard trace is disposed between two signal lines Aggressor-line and Victim-line. In FIG. 1, Aggressor line is a transmission line which a signal is applied to an end thereof, Victim-line is a transmission line which a signal is not applied to an end thereof. In addition, Vsl is a source voltage, Val is a Aggressor voltage, Vfe is a far-end crosstalk voltage. And TD is a Propagation Time Delay. Resistances (hereinafter, referred to as terminal resistances R0) provided to both ends of the two signal lines have the same resistance value as a resistance component of characteristic impedances (Z) of the signal lines. A resistance value R0 of the terminal resistance of the guard trace is the same as that of the two signal lines.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a printed circuit board including the guard trace illustrated in FIG. 1. The printed circuit board, for example, a "FR4" (Flame Retardent 4) board of which dielectric constant (∈) is 4.5. The printed circuit board may be a board of which dielectric thickness is 8 mil bottom copper thickness is 1.4 mil, and upper copper thickness is 0.7 mil. Referring to FIG. 2, the conventional Aggressor-line, Victim-Line and guard trace have a width of 14 mil and a thickness of 0.7 mil. The guard trace, Aggressor-line, and Victim-line are separated each other at an interval of 14 mil. Here, 1 mil denotes 1/1000 inch.
The conventional guard trace has an advantage of reducing a value of the mutual inductance. However, only a part of the amount of the far-end crosstalk in the receiving terminal is reduced, so that a system performance cannot be significantly increased.

Double comb guard trace pattern for reducing the far-end cross-talk and printed circuit board including the pattern

Postech Foundation & Postech Academy Industry Foundation


A game board having a two panel construction and its method of manufacture. A front panel and back panel constructed from a single piece of wood form the foundation of the game board, the panels being of a complementary generally polygonal profile with a portion of the periphery of the panels being beveled to form a plurality of keys when mated. A number of edge pieces having keyways adapted to engage the keys function to hide seams, add strength, and eliminate end checking of wood grain. Some edge pieces may also operate as hidden doors, concealing special channels. The front and back panels are formed from a common hardwood source and are mated in a manner such that their grain patterns match, while their grain expansion characteristics are opposing. The front panel has a cut-out region designed especially to receive and snugly retain a complementary shaped playing surface component. The front panel may also have a second cut-out region positioned above a cavity formed between the front panel and the back panel when mated, such that game accessories residing in the cavity may be manipulated by the user. For example, a score counter may be mounted in the cavity. Rectangular cavities are also used to house and dispense game pieces.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to game boards, and, more specifically, to the construction of collector quality game boards incorporating a uniquely designed housing and having distinctive mechanical features for, among other things, holding and dispensing loose playing pieces and keeping score.
2. Background
Games have been a tool of education, art and moral teaching as well as a form of recreation for thousands of years. There are claims that the first board games date back 7,000 years. The game of "senet" found in 1922 in the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamen is known to be from about 3000 B.C., and another game board found in Egypt has been dated at somewhere between 4000 to 3500 B.C.
Identifying the earliest dates, and even the country of origin, of ancient games is difficult because these games have evolved over the centuries. In many instances the modern successor bears little resemblance to its early ancestor. However, the origin of many games can be traced back to their original culture and continent. Thousands of games have been created over the centuries. Yet relatively few have survived the test of time. Not unlike the board games of today, many games of the past had periods of popularity that ranged from one year to ten years or more.
Classic board games are ones that have been played around the world in one form or another for generations. For example, "Manacala-type" games were played in Egypt and the area around the Red Sea, and are still popular around the world, especially in Africa. Checkers, called "Draughts" in England and in ancient times, dates back to the twelfth century. Chess was said to have originated either in India in A.D. 600 or China before A.D. 200. Backgammon, a modern variation of a game called "Tabula," goes back to the first century. Many of these early strategy games employed tactical maneuvers closely associated with warfare, the goal being to outmaneuver or outpace an opponent, or to trap an opponent's pieces or remove them from play.
In early American history most board games were based on games from Europe, although most of these games originated in Africa or the Orient hundreds and even thousands of years earlier. "Reversi" began as a game of annexation in England in the 1880's and was brought to the United States a few years thereafter. Eighty years later (1960's) this game won recognition under the name "Othello". "Mah-Jongg" had been a favorite game in China for centuries before it was introduced into this country around 1922. The game proved so popular and was so heavily imported under different names that in 1924 Congress declared that all imported sets had to be stamped with the name "Mah-Jongg." Another game introduced into the United Sates this century is "Pachesi" (Parcheesi). Pachesi is one of the most popular games in the world and is the national game of India, where it originated 1200 years ago. "Nine Men's Morris" is another board game that was also popular among many ancient civilizations. The oldest "Morris" board, dated around 1400 B.C., was found cut into roofing slabs at Kurna, Egypt. Interestingly enough, a Morris-type board was discovered in the ruins of an ancient Southwest American Indian village. Similarly, the game "Fox and Geese" dates back to the twelfth century with its origin probably in Iceland. Similar games have been discovered among ancient American Indians, the game pieces having been changed to represent a coyote and chickens.
History has shown that classic board games have broad appeal. They cross all gender and cultural barriers and transcend religious and political boundaries. Research has also shown that throughout history the popularity of board games has been largely determined by two factors: (1) awareness (awareness of its existence or its social, educational or religious value, awareness of its cost, or awareness of how to play the game or acquire it), and (2) quality (quality of construction, quality of play or quality of entertainment).
Today, board games still hold their appeal. Unfortunately, there are few quality board games manufactured. Board games today are, for the most part, made from printed card stock, plastic or laminates. Innovation and quality are practically nonexistent. Playing pieces and scoring features are typically stored loosely in their box or in a tray if the board folds to form its own box. The nostalgia, history and significance of the game is all but lost.
It is an object of this invention to promote interest in, and the playing of, historic games of chance and skill by providing classic board games which balance aesthetics, unique functionality and cost while evoking the nostalgic and entertainment value of each game.


A coating composition and coating for ophthalmic lenses and other polymeric substrates having a unique combination of excellent solution stability, rapid cure rate, improved mar resistance, rapid dye absorption, and improved receptivity towards antireflective coatings. The coating comprises an abrasion resistant polymer and a dye-absorption-enhancing oligomer. The coating is tinted after curing with a dye to provide light absorbency in the coating.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a rapidly cured, highly tintable, mar resistant coating composition and for the coatings produced thereby. The coatings are used for polymeric substrates, particularly ophthalmic lenses, and more particularly polycarbonate ophthalmic lenses, to which a subsequently applied antireflective coating may be applied with excellent adhesion.
2. Background of the Art
Polymeric materials have numerous advantages over glass in terms of impact resistance, weight, cost, ease of manufacture, and other aspects, for which reason polymeric materials are commonly used to manufacture a great many products worldwide. However, in many applications, the use of a polymeric material necessitates the use of one or more coatings in order to obtain properties, such as mar resistance, tintability, optical properties, and other features, that are required for a particular application. For this reason, coatings for polymeric materials are of great interest and a great deal of effort has been exerted in this area.
Until recently, there have been primarily two general types of transparent coatings that have been employed on polymeric substrates that allow the transparent properties of the polymeric materials to be utilized. These two general categories include the radiation cured coatings and the thermally cured coatings. Coatings of the former type usually contain acrylate or acrylate and oxirane functional compounds that are polymerized on exposure to radiation of a particular wavelength that is capable of acting upon a polymerization initiator to commence polymerization. Coatings of the latter type usually contain siloxanes or other organometallic materials and metal oxides that are polymerized on exposure to heat, which may come from a variety of convection, radiant, or other sources.
The advantages of the radiation cured coatings include good coating stability, very rapid cure in under one minute at relatively low temperature, primerless adhesion to many substrates, rapid dye absorption in a tinting process, and the potential for very low solvent concentration so as to allow for a minimal amount of emissions of volatile organic compounds. The disadvantages of this type of coating include relatively poor mar resistance and poor adhesion of subsequently applied antireflective coatings. Though fewer in number than the advantages, these disadvantages are very serious in demanding applications requiring these properties, which thus severely limits the use of these coatings.
The advantages of the thermally cured coatings include superior mar resistance and they serve as an excellent base for subsequently applied antireflective coatings of any type. The disadvantages of this type of coating include long cure times over several hours at elevated temperatures, relatively little dye absorption, and poor adhesion, such that a primer is usually required unless the formula is modified so as to obtain primerless adhesion at the expense of solution stability.
These two types of coatings are at opposite extremes. What is desired, particularly in the ophthalmic lens industry, is a coating solution that is very stable at room temperature, has excellent adhesion to all common polymeric substrates without the use of a primer, will cure very rapidly in a few seconds to give a coating that can be tinted very quickly, has better mar resistance than the present radiation cured coatings, and provides an excellent base for an antireflective coating of any variety. The present invention provides for just this combination of properties, which heretofore has not been found.
Previous attempts have been made by others to achieve a compromise to incorporate the benefits of both types of coating into one. One approach has been to incorporate very fine particles of silica or metal oxide into a radiation curable coating. This approach has had very limited success since, even at high concentrations of particles, the properties of the coating tend to mimic those of the continuous organic phase, not the disperse phase. This format of mar-resistant or abrasion resistant coatings are shown in such disclosures as U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,073,967; 6,951,894; 5,744,243; 5,624,757; and 5,723,175.
Another approach has been to use siloxane monomers with organofunctional moieties that can be exploited for rapid radiation cure. This approach avoids the formation of a dual phase system and thereby has the potential for better coating performance in the cured film. However, previous efforts in this area have resulted in poor solution stability and high viscosity requiring compromises in performance properties such as mar resistance or tintability. In the above approach, U.S. Pat. No. 6,100,313 (Treadway) teaches the use of one or more polymerizable ethers. The coatings of the present invention specifically avoid the use of these materials due to their known deleterious effect on adhesion, mar resistance, and durability on exposure to ultraviolet light. Furthermore, some of these materials are known to have serious adverse health effects. Instead, other materials previously not known to be beneficial have been used to enhance the dye absorption of the coatings of the present invention without adversely affecting the adhesion, mar resistance, and exterior durability.
Both U.S. Pat. No. 6,780,232 (Treadway) and U.S. Pat. No. 7,037,585 (Treadway) teach the use of an unhydrolyzed oxirane functional siloxane that is added to reduce the viscosity of the coating solution and effectively reduce the extent of hydrolysis, as without this measure these coatings tend to have poor stability with respect to viscosity. All Patents and applications and texts cited herein are incorporated in their entirety into this application.

Coating composition and optical mar-resistant tintable coating


A bionic cervix uteri dilator comprises a power supply circuit, an oscillating circuit, a voltage step-up circuit and curing electrodes, wherein the output terminal of the power supply circuit is connected to the input terminal of the oscillating circuit the output terminal of the oscillating circuit is connected to the input terminal of the voltage step-up circuit, and the output terminal of the voltage step-up circuit is connected to the curing electrodes. The present invention has advantages of novel structure, safety and reliability. With a narrow pulse of frequency 1-200 Hz (being preferably selected from 5 to 150 HZ, further being preferable in between 5-50 HZ.) outputted on the output terminal, the cervix uteri can be effectively dilated by stimulating ear acupoints, so that gynecological diseases treatments can be facilitated, and the pains caused by cervical dilating by the use of instruments can be alleviated. The present invention is worth widely popularizing and utilizing.

Generally, cervix uteri dilation is required in induced abortion and intrauterine treatment, and instruments are always needed in cervix uteri dilation, which may cause severe pain to the patient and make the operation of the doctor complicated and tedious.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a bionic cervix uteri dilator capable of achieving cervical dilation by stimulating the acupoints (acupuncture points) of the human body.

3rd Fl., Ren Wei Science & Technology Bldg., Shi Hua Xi Road, Ji Da


This invention provides vehicles capable of delivering high concentrations of poorly hydrophilic/poorly lipophilic compounds to animals, by combining compounds having biocompatible hydrophobic domains with conjugates having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. Such formulations are suitable for a number of uses in animals, particularly the administration thereto of high concentrations of therapeutically useful compound, without an undue level of side effects.

Particles containing high concentrations of compounds available for therapeutic, diagnostic or other use are provided herein.
Effective use of potentially beneficial compounds requires the ability to deliver compositions containing useful levels of the compounds without an undue level of side effects. A variety of vehicles exist in which both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds can be solubilized at useful levels of the compounds, and then effectively administered. However, there has heretofore been a lack of delivery vehicles in which poorly hydrophilic/poorly lipophilic compounds, such as various taxanes, vinca alkaloids, cephalosporins and steroids, can be effectively used.
One such compound is the taxane paclitaxel, a poorly hydrophilic/poorly lipophilic molecule insufficiently soluble in the more commonly used pharmaceutical carriers to make therapeutically useful compositions thereof. Rather, paclitaxel (Taxol(copyright)) is currently made available in the cremophor/ethanol vehicle Cremophor(copyright)EL. However, this composition may have certain undesirable side effects at the concentrations administered to provide effective therapeutic levels of paclitaxel, e.g., acute toxicities, exhibited in some patients to whom the composition has been administered (see, e.g., Straubinger et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,415,869).
Straubinger et al. (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,415,869), for example, formulates paclitaxel in liposomes, and at a limited ratio of paclitaxel to liposomal lipid. Moreover, Straubinger""s maximum concentration of paclitaxel is (see Abstract) significantly below the level at which the drug is accumulated in this invention""s particles. Furthermore, Desai et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,439,686), Wheeler (U.S. Pat. No. 5,478,860) and Alkan-Onyuksel et al. (Pharmaceutical Res. (1994), pp. 206-212) each also encompass compounds in their vehicles at low compound:vehicle component ratios, and at concentrations less than those at which the compounds can be accumulated in the vehicles provide herein.
This invention provides a vehicle for solubilizing poorly hydrophilic/poorly lipophilic compounds, e.g., paclitaxel, such that the resulting compositions can be used to safely administer high doses of the compounds, without an undue level of side effects. This invention""s particle, which contains the compound at a high ratio of compound to other vehicle components, is neither a liposome nor an emulsion particle, and has not previously been described.
This invention provides a particle composed of a core surrounded by a hydrophilic/hydrophobic conjugate. The core comprises poorly hydrophilic/poorly lipophilic compounds for example, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, bryostatins, cyclic polypeptides such as cephalosporins, steroidal compounds, rifamycins, mitomycins, bleomycins, benzonaphthopyranone, bisintercalating antibiotics, nucleoside antibiotics, pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepines, macrolides, including macrolide antibiotics such as hamycin, bisindolealkaloids, camptothecins, etoposides, teniposides, DNA intercalators, antiestrogens, bis(benzimidazoles) and nucleosides such as adenine arabinoside. Such compounds have a biocompatible hydrophobic domain, e.g., an acyl chain, hydrophobic peptide or hydrophobic polymer chain, either naturally occurring therein or linked thereto by synthetic means. Alternatively the core could comprise a hydrophilic compound to which a hydrophobic domain has been conjugated such that the net result is that the core composition is poorly hydrophilic.
The conjugate surrounding the core comprises a biocompatible hydrophobic domain linked to a biocompatible hydrophilic domain. The conjugate may be a naturally occurring or synthetic molecule having a hydrophobic and hydrophilic domain or may be a conjugate of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic domain. Suitable conjugate hydrophobic domains include, for example, the acyl chain regions of amphipathic lipids, as well as hydrophobic polymers such as silicon polymers and hydrophobic peptides. Suitable hydrophilic domains include, for example, polyethylene glycols, celluloses, hydrophilic peptides, polysaccharides, polyethylene oxides, polyacrylic acids, polyacrylamides, polyvinyl pyrrolidinones and polymethacrylates. Suitable hydrophilic domains also include the polar headgroups of amphipathic lipids; these generally are positively or negatively charged, and include phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylglycerols and phosphatidic acids, as well as other lipids, e.g., phosphatidylethanolamines, to which organic dicarboxylic acids, e.g., glutaric acid, are attached.
Preferably, the core compound is a taxane having attached thereto a 10-24 carbon-long, straight, saturated acyl chain, the conjugate hydrophobic domain is a phosphatidylethanolamine, and the conjugate hydrophilic domain is a hydrophilic polymer such as polyethylene glycol of 50-5000 molecular weight. Most preferably, the core compound is paclitaxel attached to a 12, 14 or 16 carbon-long, straight, saturated, alpha-carbon bromylated acyl chain, the conjugate hydrophilic domain is distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (xe2x80x9cDSPExe2x80x9d), and the conjugate hydrophilic domain is 2000 molecular weight polyethylene glycol (xe2x80x9cPEG2000xe2x80x9d).
Compositions containing such particles suspended in pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are also provided herein. These compositions can be used for highly efficient delivery of compounds to animals, i.e., for delivery at high ratios of the compounds to other components of the particles. Such delivery is also at lower toxicities than obtained with currently available formulations of similar compounds. Said high efficiency/low toxicity formulations can be used to administer agents to animals such as humans, for therapeutic, diagnostic or other purposes, e.g., for the treatment of various cancers.
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention and its preferred embodiments wll become apparent from the detailed description which follows.


A circuit configuration for generating an output voltage which is boosted beyond a supply voltage includes a boosting capacitor that is connected through a p-channel MOS transistor to an output node. A control circuit ensures that first of all the boosting capacitor and the output node are precharged through the use of respective precharging transistors when the p-channel MOS transistor is turned on, and that subsequently, during a shifting phase, the gate terminal of the p-channel MOS transistor is held at a floating potential. This prevents the voltage present between the gate and the main current path terminals of the p-channel MOS transistor from becoming greater than the supply voltage.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a circuit configuration for generating a boosted output voltage, having a p-channel MOS transistor and a boosting capacitor.
Such circuit configurations, which generate an output voltage that is boosted above the applied supply voltage, are employed in a large number of semiconductor circuits, in particular in semiconductor memories. A single-transistor memory cell of a semiconductor memory, for example of a DRAM, includes a storage capacitor for storing an information bit as well as a transfer transistor through which access is made to the memory cell by the storage capacitor being connected to a word line through the main current path of the transfer transistor. In order to store an information bit at the level of the complete level of the supply voltage in the cell, it is necessary for the gate potential at the transfer transistor to lie above the supply voltage by that transistor's own threshold voltage. However, due to the usually small channel width of the transfer transistor and the high substrate-source voltage thereof, the threshold voltage is relatively high.
A circuit configuration for generating the boosted voltage for driving a transfer transistor in a semiconductor memory is described in Published European Patent Application 0 635 837 A2. A charge pump shown therein contains a p-channel MOS transistor through which a charging capacitor on the output side is charged by a boosting capacitor. The charging operation is controlled by an oscillator and is carried out continuously, with the output voltage being permanently present. Therefore, additional switches are necessary in order to forward the boosted voltage to the transfer transistor. While the gate terminal of the p-channel MOS transistor is at 0V, one of the terminals of its main current path is already connected to the output voltage which is applied to the charging capacitor and is boosted beyond the supply voltage. The gate oxide of the p-channel charging transistor is exposed to elevated voltage stress. Furthermore, the voltage present between the terminals of the main current path of the load transistor changes its direction during the pumping operation. Therefore, special measures are described for avoiding current flow in the doping well in which the charging transistor is disposed.

Circuit configuration for generating a boosted output voltage


The present invention relates to compositions which are storage stable at room temperature and contain. A) at least one compound having at least two cyclic isourea groups per molecule and PA0 B) at least one compound having at least two carboxyl groups per molecule,. in an amount sufficient to provide a molar ratio of isourea groups to carboxyl groups of 0.5:1 to 1.5:1.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to new compositions containing compounds having cyclic isourea groups in combination with organic polycarboxylic acids.
2. Description of the Prior Art
One-container, two-component systems are known. These are understood to include lacquer binders consisting of two individual components which only react with one another, in a crosslinking reaction, at elevated temperature and can therefore be combined and stored in one container at room temperature. The best-known coating compositions of this type include combinations of organic polyhydroxyl compounds with blocked polyisocyanates. The disadvantage of these systems is that, when the coating is stoved, the blocking agent is reformed and released into the environment.
The present invention provides novel one container, two-component coatings binders which are storable at room temperature and crosslinkable at elevated temperature without cleavage of the blocking agents. The individual components of the binders are selected from cyclic isoureas and polycarboxylic acids which are described in greater detail hereinafter.
It could not be anticipated that the mixtures according to the invention would be storage stable at room temperature, since it has previously been described in the literature that the reaction of isoureas with carboxylic acids takes place at room temperature (Chem. Ber. 100, (1967), pages 16 to 22).
Although Japanese patent application, publication number JA 91/157 421 has previously described heat-curable compositions containing cyclic isoureas, these are ternary mixtures which, in addition to the isoureas, contain polyepoxides and also H-active compounds such as carboxylic acids or isocyanates.

Compositions of cyclic isourea component with carboxyl component


A stepping exerciser having a connecting device for training balance includes two stepping units and a connecting unit disposed between the two stepping units. Through the connecting unit, the two stepping units can be used in a stable state to enhance safety of use. Furthermore, because the connecting unit provides an angle adjustment function, the relative position of the two stepping units can be changed. The use of the stepping exerciser can be adjusted according to the user's own physical status and age. The present invention provides a variety of changes for use so as to train balance and muscles throughout the body. The exercise effect and amusement of use can be enhanced.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a stepping exerciser, and more particularly to a stepping exerciser having a connecting device to enhance safety and variation of use.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There are many sports apparatuses on the market, such as treadmills, rowing machines, stationary bikes, and the like. These products are large in size and expensive, and provide a single function. It is difficult to attract consumers to purchase the sports apparatuses.
Although a conventional stepping exerciser is small in size, it only provides up and down motions. It is boring to do such a monotonous exercise after a period of time.
Therefore, the inventor of the present invention deems it is necessary to develop a compact and changeable sports apparatus. A conventional stepping exerciser invented by the inventor comprises two boards and two corresponding elastic plates disposed between the two boards. The user can tread on the exerciser to do up and down exercise. As shown in FIG. 1, the stepping exerciser 8 is composed of two units. Although it is fun to use the stepping exercise, the user who has less sense of balance may fall from the stepping exerciser.
Accordingly, the inventor of the present invention has devoted himself based on his many years of practical experiences to solve these problems.

Stepping exerciser having connecting device


The present disclosure provides a method for compensating gain flatness of a transceiver including: a method for compensating gain flatness of a receiver, which compensates gain flatness of a receiving channel by using a complex-coefficient FIR filter in digital domain; and a method for compensating gain flatness of a transmitter, which compensates gain flatness of a transmitting channel by using a complex-coefficient FIR filter in digital domain. The method according to the present disclosure can balance compensation accuracy and calculation amount flexibly, and can focus on compensating the gain flatness at an edge of a frequency band, obtaining good performance with less calculation amount.

With the application of 4G/5G, a radio transceiver has a wide working frequency band, which can reach several hundred megahertz. In such a wide frequency range, it is difficult to guarantee gain flatness of a radio frequency (RF) device.
A method for compensating gain flatness of a transceiver has been presented in the related art, which can compensate gain flatness of an analog device through digital signal processing. The method is described as follows: setting fs/N as an frequency interval, and testing gains of a receiving channel and a transmitting channel, where fs is a digital signal sampling rate, and N takes an integer power of 2; calculating a gain flatness of a link based on a power of a center frequency point; adding linear phase information to data of the calculated gain flatness, and then performing IFFT transformation; and using a result of the IFFT transformation as a coefficient of a complex FIR filter to compensate the gain flatness.

Method for compensating gain flatness of transceiver


Steering and reversing apparatus for a waterjet-powered marine vessel, the waterjet having an intake duct, a diffuser, and a steering nozzle and producing a rearward water stream flowing from the steering nozzle, the apparatus comprising: a nozzle pivot pivotably attaching the nozzle to the diffuser about a substantially vertical axis perpendicular to the water stream; at least one reversing duct affixed to and positioned substantially below the nozzle and having an opening to the nozzle; a reverse deflector pivotably attached to the diffuser about a horizontal axis substantially perpendicular to the water stream and having a sealing portion; and a nozzle sealing face having an exit shape mating with the sealing portion of the reverse deflector at any angular position of the steering nozzle, whereby, when the reverse deflector is pivoted such that the sealing portion mates with the nozzle sealing face, the water stream is deflected forward and underneath the vessel through the opening to the nozzle, steerably reversing the vessel.

Waterjet propulsion has many benefits over propeller propulsion of marine vessels. The main benefit is one of safety, having no protrusions below the hull. Another benefit is the better maneuverability of the vessel because waterjets have the capability to direct the jet thrust in any direction. Steering and reversing is effected by deflecting the jet stream to either side through the use of deflecting baffles or by turning an articulating nozzle left or right. In both cases, the flow direction of the jet stream results in vessel directional change. Such baffles or articulating nozzles pivot about a vertical axis, and the pivots are supported by a diffuser, fixed to the pump, that ducts the jet flow from the pump to the nozzle.
Reverse operation of the vessel is obtained by re-directing the jet stream generally forward and underneath the vessel by the use of a reverse gate that pivots about a horizontal axis and deflects the jet flow. In one approach to provide reverse thrust and steering, made popular by C.W.F Hamilton and Company of New Zealand, the pivots of the reverse gate (also referred to as a reverse bucket) are supported by the diffuser. The reverse gate stops the rearward direction of the jet stream and through ducts provided in the reverse gate, sending the water forward and underneath the vessel, thereby causing the vessel to move in reverse. The steering deflector or steering nozzle is placed in such a way, that, while in reverse, the response will be opposite to that of a rudder steered vessel, causing confusion for the experienced mariner. Neutral is obtained by dropping the reverse gate half way down so that the upper portion of the water stream is reversed and the lower portion remains untouched, balancing forward and reverse flows. Turning the steering wheel in either direction causes the vessel to rotate in place since the resultant effect of the balanced forces is a sideways force on the stern. This is referred to as zero-speed steering and is considered a desirable feature, enhancing maneuverability of waterjet-powered vessels.
A second approach for steering and reversing waterjet-powered vessels can be seen in U.S. Pat. No. 5,304,078 (Kaneko) entitled "REVERSE THRUST BUCKET FOR JET DEVICE." In this approach, the reverse gate pivots are attached to the steering nozzle, and the nozzle is provided with a reverse water flow outlet underneath the nozzle, so that when the jet stream is cut by the dropping reverse gate, the water is re-directed through this outlet and expelled below the vessel and forward, creating a reverse response. Articulating the steering nozzle will produce steering response in the conventional way identical to rudder steered vessels. In this method however, no steering response in neutral is obtained since forward and reverse water flows balance no matter what steering direction is selected. Another disadvantage of the second reverse method is that the reversing system deflects the reverse water flow directly into the waterjet intake, aerating the waterjet pump and rendering the waterjet and the steering and reverse response less effective.
The instant invention combines the advantages of the zero-speed steering of the first approach with the advantages of conventional reverse response of the second approach while avoiding the disadvantages of both approaches.

Waterjet steering and reversing apparatus


A server includes a shell and at least one server assembly. The shell has a first accommodation space. The server assembly includes a motherboard tray, a motherboard module, a bearing frame and a storage device. The motherboard tray is detachably located in the first accommodation space. The motherboard module is located on the motherboard tray. The motherboard module includes a motherboard and at least one central processing unit which are located on the motherboard. The bearing frame having a loading plate is fastened to the motherboard tray and is located above the motherboard module. The storage device is detachably located on the loading plate.

With the development of technology, servers have been widely used for data processing systems in the industry. Generally, the server includes a motherboard, a power supply, a variety of kinds of hard discs . . . , etc.
The related industry wants to raise the operating efficiency of the server for providing better service to consumers. The operating efficiency of the server is directly proportional to the number of the motherboards. In other words, if the number of the motherboards is increased, the operating efficiency of the server will be increased accordingly. However, it is impossible to unlimitedly increase the number of the motherboards because of the limitation of the interior space of the server. Therefore, how to optimize the interior space inside the server is one of the significant issues for people in the industry who want to increase the number of the motherboards as much as possible in the limited interior space of the server to raise the operating efficiency.

INVENTEC (PUDONG) TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION


A method for hand-off trigger at access technology borders may include triggering a mobile station in communication with a first carrier having a first technology type to acquire synchronization with a second carrier having a second technology type if the mobile station enters a border area, the border area including at least one sector covered by at least two carriers having different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) including the first technology type and the second technology type.

If a mobile station is in an idle state and moves across different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) coverage areas, inter-RAT idle hand-off is conducted. In order to ensure that a channel condition of a target carrier having a different RAT type than a serving carrier is sufficient, and in order to provide enough information for an access network to determine a final inter-RAT idle hand-off, idle hand-off pre-preparation is required. The idle hand-off pre-preparation may include synchronizing the mobile station with the target carrier, measuring/reporting a pilot power of the target carrier, pre-checking in to the serving carrier, and pre-registration upon exiting a border area.
Triggering the idle hand-off pre-preparation and the final idle hand-off are still open issues in the field of inter-RAT idle hand-off. In a conventional single technology system, the idle hand-off is normally triggered by a power measurement and the idle hand-off generally occurs at a sub-net boundary. If there are sharp boundaries between the subnets and a mobile station travels along a sub-net boundary area, a ping-pong issue occurs because the mobile may travel back and forth across the boundary which leads to un-necessary, frequent registrations at both sides of the sub-net. A conventional solution to the ping-pong issue is to use a hysteresis of the power measurement. However, the hysteresis of the power measurement is not reliable due to shadowing and fading in a mobile environment. The hysteresis of the power measurement is also performed at the expense of power efficiency.
Another conventional method provides a secondary color code method which uses spatial hysteresis to resolve the ping-pong issue. The secondary color code method provides a more efficient method to resolve the ping-pong issue at the sub-net boundary, but only for intra-RAT idle hand-off, and the secondary color code method introduces complexity on requesting cross sub-net paging. The secondary color code method only triggers a mobile to register and start the idle hand-off if the mobile exits the border area.
Conventional methods conduct the inter-RAT idle hand-off or the inter-RAT handoff in the connected state based on a forward link signal-to-noise ratio measurement. In many cases, a current mechanism for measuring an Ec/l0 signal-to-noise ratio of a serving sector's pilot as a basis for determining when to perform a hand-off to another frequency or technology does not trigger at the right time or place if the mobile station is moving off the edge of a border sector and the forward link is not interference limited. Accordingly, the mobile station measures reasonable forward link Ec/l0 signal-to-noise ratio values in locations where the reverse link is broken, because interference in the forward link may come from adjacent cells. However, for the cells at the coverage edge there is much less interference due to a smaller number of adjacent cells to the edge cells. Accordingly, even if a mobile station is far away from the base station, the forward link signal to noise ratio is still relatively good. Therefore, in this scenario both the actual signal power and the interference are lower in the forward link. As such, the mobile station is unreachable and cannot originate, even if the forward link signal to noise ratio measurement suggests that the mobile station could have been operating properly.

Hand-off trigger at access technology borders


It is an object of the present invention to provide a permanent magnet which is observed as a uniform structure without microstructures, but shows a pinning type initial magnetization curve. There is provided a rare earth permanent magnet comprising a magnetic intermetallic compound comprising R, T, N and an unavoidable impurity, wherein R is one or more rare earth elements comprising Y, T is two or more transition metal elements and comprises principally Fe and Co; wherein the magnetic intermetallic compound has an T/R atomic ratio of 6 to 14; a magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of at least 1 MJ/m3; a Curie point of at least 100° C.; average particle diameter of at least 3 μm; and a substantially uniform structure; wherein the rare earth permanent magnet has a structure that gives a pinning-type initial magnetization curve; and wherein the magnetic intermetallic compound has a Th2Zn17-type structure, and the like.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to rare earth permanent magnets, and particularly relates to rare earth permanent magnets having a uniform structure. The rare earth permanent magnets according to the present invention are suitable for use in devices such as electronic apparatuses, motors and actuators for electrical devices, and synchronous motors which requires heat-resistance, position sensors for electrical devices and rotation sensors and the like.
2. Description of Related Art
2-17-type Sm—Co-based magnets, whose typical structure is, for example, Sm(CoFeCuT)7.5, wherein T is Zr, Ti or the like, have high magnetic characteristics, excellent temperature characteristics, and corrosion-resistance, and are widely utilized as well as NdFeB-based magnets.
2-17-type Sm—Co-based magnets show a magnetic domain wall pinning type coercivity mechanism (FIG. 1a), and is different from 1-5 type Sm—Co-based magnets and NdFeB-based magnets, which show a nucleation growth type coercivity mechanism (FIG. 1b). Domain wall pinning magnets are magnets in which the magnetic moment of one phase of two separated phases is pinned at a number of locations throughout the domain wall minutely deposited between the phases, and therefore it is not possible to move the domain wall without applying a magnetic field of a specific value or more, resulting in that a large coercive force can be achieved. Such a characteristic can be seen from an initial magnetization curve as in FIG. 1A. It shows an initial magnetization curve such that, magnetization (M) does not increase unless an external magnetic field (H) of a specific value or more is applied, and that when magnetization starts to increase, the magnetization rapidly approaches saturation.
As shown in the photograph of FIG. 2, 2-17-type Sm—Co-based magnets have microstructures separated with coherency into two phases of a Sm(CoCuFe)5 particle boundary phase, which is rich in Cu, and a Sm2(CoFeCu)17 phase, which is rich in Fe. Although the size of the microstructure varies depending on the composition, typically, the size of the 2-17 phase is from about several tens of nanometers to 300 nm, and the size of the 1-5 boundary phase that separates the 2-17 phase is generally 10 nm or less. From observation of the magnet with a Lorentz electron microscope (Lorentz TEM), it is said that domain walls are present in the 1-5 phase.
From the result of this observation, and the fact that there is a difference in domain wall energy between the 1-5 phase and the 2-17 phase, it is said that the domain wall is pinned to the 1-5 phase due to the difference in domain wall energy of the 1-5 phase and the 2-17 phase. Generally, the following formula is used to estimate the size of the coercive force Hci.Hci=(γ2-17−γ1-5)/Msδwherein γ is domain wall energy, Ms is saturation magnetization of the domain wall portion, and δ is width of the domain wall.
The pinning of the domain wall cannot be released, unless an external magnetic field having a value corresponding to the difference between the domain energies is applied. This corresponds to the coercive force. Consequently, with conventional understanding, it was said that a separated structure, non-uniform structure or deposition of impurities which generates a difference in the domain wall energy or a non-uniformity in the domain wall energy is essential for a domain wall pinning coercivity mechanism, and that without these, coercive force could not be obtained. It was generally considered that in the 2-17-type Sm—Co-based magnets it is realized by two-phase separation of the 2-17 phase and the 1-5 phase.
However, as opposed to the above described general understanding on the pinning type coercive force, although Sm(CoCu)5, Ce(CoCo)5 and Ce(CoFeCu)5 magnets show initial magnetization curves of pinning type characteristics similar to 2-17-type Sm—Co-based magnets, no clear two-phase separation structure has been observed in these magnets. In some observations even using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), a two-phase separation structure has not been found in these magnets.
With regard to this, Lectard et al. theorized that the domain wall pinning is caused by concentration fluctuations of 10 nm or less, in other words, a state in which Co rich Sm(CoCu)5 and Cu rich Sm(CoCu)5 fluctuate on a micro scale, and the two phase separated structure can not be observed because the crystal structures are the same and there is very little difference in the lattice constants (see E. Lectard, C. H. Allibert, J. Applied Physics, 75 (1994), 6277., which is herein incorporated by reference.). This theory with regard to pinning type coercive force does not consider two-phase separation structures as the source of coercive force. However, it considers the differences in domain wall energy due to the concentration fluctuations as the source of the pinning type coercive force, and fundamentally, it is the same as conventional understanding on the matter.


Techniques are provided for the delivery of client services and for the establishment of client processing environments. A client receives services within a processing environment which is defined by a processing container. The processing container includes one or more processing groups, and each processing group has a particular context that supports one or more applications or services which are processing within that context. The processing groups communicate with one another via connector interfaces included within the processing container. Services and processing containers can be dynamically added or removed from the processing container.

Attempts have been made to integrate software over the Internet, such that services need not physically reside or be installed on a client in order for a client to acquire, process, and benefit from those services. In some cases, the client dynamically acquires the services and locally processes them. This technology is nascent and is gradually beginning to gain ground in the industry. The basic idea is that services are registered, located, acquired, and processed on demand. Services may be processed local to the client or remote from the client.
The idea of creating an integrated Development Environment (IDE) has been around for some time and recent developments have held some promise that at these technologies will catch on and eventually become pervasive. Largely, efforts to integrate services has been slow, since in most instances each service needs to abstract its own interfaces and make them available for use by a variety of other services. Additionally, the services themselves must be available to process on a variety of operating system (OS) platforms. Consequently, making legacy services available in an IDE has been and continues to be problematic. Thus, services are still largely provided via dedicated servers or as appliances. That is, developers continue to view services as either an appliance application or as a server application.
One problem with the newer and older IDE models for providing services is that any particular client is difficult to manage and support, because the client's services which may originate from a variety of disparate platforms. In fact, the services may not even be within the management control of an administrator for a particular client. Additionally, some client services may not be compatible or interface with other client services.
Accordingly, management and integration has been more easily achieved with physical hardware, such as servers that are integrated in a rack with one another. However, physical devices require a definite physical location, have moving parts that can break, and cannot be easily transported from place to place as needed. The benefits of having services within a client's physical environment are that the services can be centrally managed, distributed, and controlled by administrators. Another significant benefit is that security can be better enforced in a centrally distributed physically controlled processing environment.
In fact, a more optimal solution to an IDE is a technique that is capable of centrally managing client services as if they were being locally stored and administered while at the same time having no requirement that those services be associated with traditional servers or appliances.
Correspondingly, techniques are described herein for providing services and establishing processing environments over a network, where these techniques are capable of being centrally controlled, managed, and administered.

Techniques for providing services and establishing processing environments


A folding picnic table is provided having a pair of spaced end frames, a table top frame, two pairs of cooperating folding braces, and a pair of bench frames. The cooperating braces each have a first and second brace portion with the first brace portion connected to an end frame. The second brace portion is connected to the table top frame, and the first and second brace portions are connected to each other. Each bench frame comprises at least two slotted bars with the end frames also being pivotally connected to the slotted bars.

The present invention relates generally to a picnic table, and more particularly, to a folding picnic table.
Picnic tables have proven very popular since they enable several individuals to be seated at a table for purposes of eating. Traditionally, picnic tables have been found in backyards and parks. More recently, picnic tables have enjoyed increasing popularity at fairs and other community events where a large attendance is anticipated, since a typical picnic table can seat at least 6, and often 8, individuals.
Unfortunately, the storage of picnic tables when not in use can present a problem. Oftentimes, picnic tables are left in place throughout the year, due to their bulkiness. This forces them to be subjected to the elements, which in colder or wetter climates can shorten the life-span of the picnic table.
Similarly, fairs or other short-term community events may find it desirable to place the picnic tables in storage when not in use. This typically is done by stacking one table upside down on top of another. The drawback of the aforementioned method of storage are that the tables still require a significant amount of storage space, and they may fall causing injury to children who climb on them. Therefore, it would be desirable to have a folding picnic table.
Folding tables of various configurations are well known in the art. However, relatively few folding picnic tables are known to exist. One such folding picnic table is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,415,199. That particular table comprises two parallel end frames having a pedestal formed in two hinged sections which sections fold inwardly toward each other as well as being adapted to assume an extended position with the two hinged sections of each pedestal being in end-to-end relationship. A pair of unitary rod-like braces have corresponding ends permanently, and pivotally attached to an end frame and have opposite corresponding ends adapted for releasable attachment to the pedestals when the hinged sections of the pedestals are extended. Releasable locking pins for the opposite corresponding ends of the braces when they are engaged with the extended pedestals are provided for locking the picnic table in an extended use position. Each locking pin passes through locking openings in its respective brace and pedestal. When the locking pins are not positioned so as to lock the brace to the pedestal, the locking pin is connected to the picnic table by a flexible tether element. When folded, the table of U.S. Pat. No. 4,415,199 also has the two braces suspended from the table by separate tethers. However, it can be appreciated from reading the patent that once the table is folded, there is nothing disclosed to prevent the table from unfolding during transport of the table to a predetermined place of storage.
It is thus apparent that the need exists for an improved folding picnic table which can be locked into a storage position, and which is less cumbersome than other known folding picnic tables.

c/o Otterbacher Manufacturing, Inc. P.O. Box 396 U.S. Hwy. 30 N.


The adaptor pallet includes two sets of parallel tracks, a lifting structure connecting the tracks at an elevated level, a loading end for introducing dollies to the adapter pallet, and a closed end including a stopper for limiting the movement of dollies. The adaptor pallet further includes a locking plate which is rotatably connected to the lifting structure at one end, while another end of the locking plate includes a stopper protrusion and a member for releasably affixing the locking plate into a horizontal position such that the stopper protrusion limits the movement of the dollies at the loading end of the adaptor pallet, wherein the locking plate is releasable from the horizontal position into an angled position for opening the loading end of the adaptor pallet.

Goods of relatively small size are typically transported using wheeled dollies which are platforms mounted on wheels or castors. Goods are stored in containers that fit into the receptive platform. Upon transportation or temporary storage, the usually boxlike containers are stacked onto dollies whose wheels enable easy handling by hand. The shape and size of the dollies are usually standardized to conform advantageously to industrial container models. While the dollies may be moved about by hand, there is also a need to transport a plurality of dollies at once. Such a need occurs e.g. when loading or unloading a trailer or a lorry. If a trailer is loaded dolly by dolly, the long duration of the operation consumes valuable docking time not to mention inflicted gratuitous vehicle idle time. Also, when transported individually, the dollies require thorough and tedious trussing up to prevent unintended movement within the load space. To tackle these disadvantages, adaptor pallets have been developed. These adaptor pallets are usually rather flat and include a deck that has an upper support surface to accommodate a plurality of wheeled dollies, tracks to guide the dolly wheels, means for supporting the deck a certain distance above ground, receptive slots to receive the lifting forks of a forklift.
There is also a need to secure the dollies to the adaptor pallet. Many different securing devices have been developed over time but existing securing methods may be divided into two main types. The first type is an adaptor pallet having an open loading end, whereby the dollies are secured to the pallet by operating special locking fins or similar locking elements which are toggled between locked and released position by manipulation means which may take the form of a foot-operated lever or a hand-operated handle. A foot-operated lever is preferred for leaving the operator's hand free to manipulate the loaded dolly. While the open end type adaptor pallet is advantageous in that it is easy to use, the manipulation system for toggling the locking elements may be quite complex making the adaptor pallet expensive to make and buy as well as heavy and eventually vulnerable to failure. As adaptor pallets are used in logistics, it is paramount that the appropriate tools are as robust and reliable as possible but also easy to use.
The second type of is a closed end adaptor pallet which does not feature separate locking and manipulation means but a simple ramp which may pivoted down for loading the pallet and up for closing the loading end of the pallet. Such a pallet is disclosed in DE 20 2006 007 202 U1. The second type of adaptor pallets is indeed very light and robust but it suffers from awkward user interface in that the locking ramp must be operated by hand, wherein a combined rotation and lifting motion is required to negotiate the ramp. Accordingly, the operator must dedicate at least one hand to securing the cargo while holding the dolly stationary with the other hand while crouching down.


An IV bag has a front surface layer, a rear surface layer, a top peripheral edge, a right side peripheral edge, a bottom peripheral edge and a left side peripheral edge. The front surface layer is joined to the rear surface layer along the top, right side, bottom and left side peripheral edges to form the IV bag. A neck strap is fixedly coupled to the top peripheral edge and is detachably coupled to the left side and right side peripheral edges. The neck strap, once detached, may be placed around the neck of a user to support the IV bag. The neck strap by being detachably coupled along the right side and left side periperhal edges of the IV bag functions as a neck engaging support for the IV bag. During an emergency situation it is not necessary for the user to search for the neck strap becuase the neck strap is fixedly coupled to the top periperhal edge of the IV bag.

The field of the invention is neck engaging supports for IV bags.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,905,882 teaches a neck engaging support for a medical device which engages and is supported from the neck of a medical practitioner. A rod-like support device has a downwardly opening, generally U-shaped hook member dimensioned to fit around the neck of a user with the open area positioned in front of the chest region with one leg of the U-shaped member having a smaller hook for engagement with an IV bag in order to support the IV bag in elevated position without using the hands such as is frequently necessary during emergency situations when a patient is being conveyed on a stretcher from the site of the emergency to an ambulance or a hospital. The rod-like support enables the user of the medical device to actually carry one end of the stretcher while at the same time supporting the IV bag in an elevated position. During an emergency situation it is often necessary for the user to search for the neck engaging support because it is not fixedly coupled to the IV bag.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,511,157 teaches an apparatus which interconnects a wheelchair and portable wheeled IV stand. The apparatus maintains the wheelchair and IV stand in a fixed spaced relationship with respect to one another when the wheelchair is being pushed by a medical attendant.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,541,596 teaches a portable intravenous pole which is for use in combination with a surface on which an emergency victim is lying. The weight of the emergency victim's body supports an IV bag.


An electrical connector includes a housing having a plurality of terminals received within and a shell encircling the housing therein. The shell has a mating opening at one end thereof. A dustproof cover is assembled in the shell and positioned between the mating opening and the housing to perform anti-dust function. The dustproof cover has an insulator and a metal sheet combined with the insulator to strengthen the structure of the dustproof cover. The dustproof cover is of enough intensity and is not prone to deformation in use and therefore offers fully anti-dust function for the electrical connector.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electrical connector, and more particularly to a dustproof electrical connector.
2. The Related Art
Nowadays, electrical connectors are widely used in electronic products with the development of the technology of the electrons. In order to protect terminals of the electrical connectors from being dirtied by dust, the electrical connectors have dustproof function to come with the tendency. A known dustproof electrical connector includes a housing, a plurality of terminals received in the housing, a dustproof cover and a shell for encircling the housing and the dustproof cover therein. The dustproof cover is installed in front of the housing to perform the dustproof function.
Considering the miniaturization trend of the electronic products, the electrical connectors should be designed smaller to follow the trend. Correspondingly, the dustproof covers of the dustproof electrical connectors become thinner as well. However, the above-mentioned dustproof cover is made of insulating material (e.g. plastic). The thinner the dustproof cover is, the weaker the structural strength thereof is. Therefore, the dustproof cover is prone to plastic deformation and failing in the dustproof efficacy.


A new method is disclosed, for upgrading the software in a real-time distributed software system comprising several processes running in parallell. The method involves a preparatory procedure in which the new software is installed. Then, the software is activated, the components ordered to save configuration data and transaction data in a database, whereupon the components are stopped. When the preparatory procedure is completed, a restart procedure is invoked. This involves selecting start level (full upgrade involving all components, or a partial upgrade concerning just one or a few components). The modules concerned are started from the new software version. On each start level a number of start phases are defined. These are sequential steps performed during the restart operation. Each module subscribes to a number of these phases. Some of the phases are defined as synchronisation points, here called service levels, which all modules have to arrive at before the process is allowed to commence. During this process, each module is given the responsibility of converting any configuration data or transaction data belonging to it, if needed. The conversion is done by reading the old data from the database mentioned above and converting said data to the format required by the new software.

The main characteristics of real-time systems may be defined as:                Time constraints: The system response must be correct and in time. Here we consider soft real-time systems where missing a deadline does not generate an unacceptable failure.        Concurrency: Multiple simultaneous activities can take place. There are several threads of control running in parallel.        Non-functional requirements: Real-time systems have usually high non-functional requirements as performance, quality of service, robustness or capacity.        Distribution: Large systems are usually distributed among processors.
To complete start/restart/upgrade of a distributed system such that it is ready for normal operation, several dependencies between processes and clusters of processes should be resolved. Introducing synchronisation mechanisms solves this problem.
A typical example of the need of synchronization is access to a database controlled by a separate server process. The server process offering the database access is a common synchronization point for the client processes. The start/restart of the client can't complete until the database server process is up and running. Besides if the data must be converted when upgrading, the client processes should wait for data conversion as well to be finished before accessing data.
In a system with a layered structure, some services should be started or upgraded in lower layers before components in higher levels can be started.
The known solution to this problem is to develop an installation program responsible for moving and when needed converting configuration data and hereby avoid the need for synchronisation when upgrading. After running the installation program or scripts specified for installing the new version of the code, the system can start as in a case of normal start.
There are several disadvantages related to this method:                1. The centralised installation program needs to know of all changes in the data structures, and in detail how to convert it. This is in conflict with the principle of encapsulation in object-oriented development where an object should own its date and access to this data is done via methods offered by the object's interface.        2. The method does not reuse the already developed mechanisms for synchronisation of several processes and software modules during start and in run-time. Therefore extra cost for design and implementation is to be counted.                    a) The scripts or installation programs cannot usually run in parallel. Thus it takes long time to restart the system when upgrading.

Method and system for performing SW upgrade in a real-time system


It is disclosed a textile fabric comprising a first set of electrically conductive and externally isolated yarns (22) separated by isolating textile yarns (24); a second set of non-isolated conductive yarns (23); a plurality of textile yarns interlacing the first and the second set of yarns (22, 23), wherein part of the interlacing textile yarns are non-isolated conductive yarns (23) in order to form an electrical grounding grid with the non-isolated conductive yarns (23) of the second set of yarns and part of the interlacing textile yarns are isolating textile yarns (24).

As it is known, textile research refers to any material made by interlacing fibres and traditionally deals with the types of construction as well as the materials and the methods used to create those constructions.
Modern e-textile applications are known in which electric or electronic technology is coupled with the textile technology for a variety of applications, such as sensors for monitoring the health of the wearer, for providing anti-theft functions, for monitoring the physical activity of the wearer, and so on.
Most sensors are made of separate parts to be put on garments, are either in a solid state (not stretchable) or a non-breathable condition and implement no moisture management or dye-ability features, which are fundamental features for fashion items or textiles in general.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,823,395 B2 discloses an electronic textile and a method for determining a functional area of an electronic textile.
The electronic textile comprises a textile substrate having a first plurality of conductors, a second plurality of conductors and a plurality of capacitors, each capacitor comprising a conductor from the first plurality of conductors and a conductor from the second plurality of conductors, separated by a dielectric, wherein the capacitors are distributed across substantially an entire surface of the electronic textile.
This electronic textile can be tested to determine if the capacitors between the conductive yarns are a part or not of the functional area of the device. The test procedure consists in sending a voltage to selected conductive yarns in order to detect the capacitance of capacitors comprised between the selected crossing yarns and to evaluate if it is part or not of the functional area, namely in order to determine whether or not the LED under investigation is accessible. GB 2 443 208 discloses a textile pressure sensor that is flexible, suitable for producing precise and repeatable measurements of locally applied forces.
This textile pressure sensor operates by measuring the actual capacitance between two crossing core-spun yarns which have an electrically isolating coating over a conductive core.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,395,317 discloses a textile product having a multi-layer warp which includes an upper warp layer comprising an upper array of conductive warp yarns, a lower warp layer comprising a lower array of conductive warp yarns, and an intermediate warp layer arranged between the upper and lower warp layers.
The textile further includes a weft in which a first set of conductive weft yarns cross the upper array of conductive warp yarns, such that electrical contact is achieved therebetween, and a second set of conductive weft yarns cross the lower array of conductive warp yarns, such that electrical contact is achieved therebetween. Such textile product is suitable for several identical components such as LEDs or sensors, namely for stacking LEDs on fabrics for lighting applications.
In textile applications it is problematic to design a capacitive sensor for the human skin because it is easy for the detection elements, such as conductive electrodes, to parasitically and capacitively couple to the body. Such sensors appear to be useless as an addition of finger/hand capacitance does not make a significant change in the time constant of the detection node.

Textile fabric implementing a capacitive grid

Sanko Tekstil Isletmeleri San. Ve Tic. A.S.


Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a content based routing method and apparatus. The method may include: judging, in response to receiving a service request, whether the service request matches a preset shunt rule, the preset shunt rule including a request content and a request context; and forwarding, in response to judging that the service request matches the preset shunt rule, the service request to a service cluster corresponding to the preset shunt rule matching the preset service request.

HTTP is the most widely used protocol for Internet applications. In order to flexibly manage HTTP traffic forwarding, many Internet companies choose to deploy load balancing services at the network portal, and flexibly control the forwarding of requests to appropriate downstream service clusters by configuring shunt rules. This technique of forwarding traffic based on request content is generally called "Content Based Routing" (CBR).
Conventional shunt rules have the following defects: fewer condition types; simple logical combination, and failing to support AND, OR, NOT based logical groups and nested use; failing to reuse conditions, repeated configuration of some common conditions is requested, and maintenance cost is high when modification is required.

Content based routing method and apparatus

Beijing Baidu Netcom Science and Technology Co., Ltd.