The method according to the invention is a moulding method wherein a first layer (21), having a first colour, is produced against a first portion of a mould surface (10) and wherein, in a next step, a second layer (22), having a second colour, is produced against a second portion of the mould surface (10) and at least partially against the back of the first layer (21). The method is intended to obtain a qualitative transition between the colours of the two layers (21, 22) without having to hide the actual colour transition in a groove from view. This object is achieved by applying the material forming the first layer (21) in such a manner on the mould surface (10) that the edge (20) of the first layer (21), which will be situated on the mould surface underneath the second layer (22), is visually sharp and is produced without a mask.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing at least a surface layer of a multilayered trim part for attachment to a structure of a vehicle, which surface layer has a front side formed at least partially by a first surface portion, which has a first colour, and by a second surface portion, which is situated at least partially against the first surface portion and which has a second colour different from the first colour. The surface layer is in other words a two- or multicolour surface layer. The method for manufacturing such a surface layer is a moulding method wherein a first layer forming the first surface portion is produced against a first portion of a mould surface while leaving a second portion of the mould surface free for producing, in a next step, a second layer forming the second surface portion against the second portion of the mould surface and at least partially also against the back of the first layer.
The multilayered trim part is for example a dashboard, a door panel, a console or another interior trim part of an automotive vehicle. Usually it consists of the surface layer bonded by means of an intermediate foam layer to a rigid substrate layer. The surface layer may consist of an elastomeric skin layer either or not provided with a thinner coloured layer, in particular a paint layer. In the method according to the invention the skin layer is moulded against a mould surface. If it is covered by an additional coloured coating layer, this coating layer is first applied, as an in-mould coating, onto the mould surface.
The surface layer can be made for example by means of a spray or a pouring process wherein a curable skin material, in particular a polyurethane reactive mixture, is sprayed or poured in a liquid state onto the mould surface. Such a method is disclosed in EP-B-0 804 327. In this known method a first layer forming material, more particularly a polyurethane reactive mixture having a first colour, is sprayed first onto a first portion of the mould surface while shielding off a second portion of the mould surface by means of a mask. In a next step, the mask is removed and a second layer forming material, again a polyurethane reactive mixture but having a second colour different from the first colour, is sprayed onto the second portion of the mould surface and partially onto the back of the previously sprayed polyurethane layer. The first layer forming material thus has an edge which is situated underneath the layer of the second layer forming material and which defines the colour transition between the first and the second surface portion of the surface layer.
A drawback of this known method is that the transition between the two colours is not always sufficiently sharp, due to sputtering or scattering of the polyurethane reactive mixture underneath the mask. EP-B-0 804 327 therefore discloses to provide the transition between the two colours onto an upstanding ridge of the mould surface in order to hide the transition zone between the two colours from view. The actual colour transition is then indeed located in a groove in the surface layer of the trim part. However, due to the width of the groove, it still remains somewhat visible so that a need remains to achieve a sharp transition between the different colours.
DE-A-100 62 825 provides an improvement of the method disclosed in EP-B-0 804 327. In the method disclosed in this German patent application, the surface layer is produced by spraying a first paint layer onto a first portion of the mould surface, by spraying a second paint layer onto a second portion of the mould surface and partially onto the back of the first paint layer, by pouring a polyurethane reactive mixture onto the back of both paint layers and by closing the mould to allow the polyurethane reactive mixture to cure in a closed mould. When spraying the first paint layer, the second portion of the mould surface is covered by means of a mask. Notwithstanding the fact that a mask is used to cover the second portion of the mould surface and hence to define the edge of the first paint layer, DE-A-100 62 825 discloses it is difficult to achieve a clear and sharp dividing line between the two colours. DE-A-100 62 825 therefore also describes to produce the transition between the two colours on top of an upstanding ridge. The improvement proposed by DE-A-100 62 825 consists in reducing the width of the thus obtained groove on the visible side of the surface layer. This is achieved by transferring the surface layer to a second mould wherein the upstanding ridge is replaced by a thin upstanding sheet. In this second mould a foam layer is moulded onto the back of the surface layer. A drawback of this method is that it does not allow a direct back-foaming process and that a second, expensive mould is therefore always required to perform the backfoaming process.
Another method making use of the mask technology to produce a multicoloured trim part, is disclosed in US-A-2004/0099988. In this method, a first paint layer is sprayed onto a first portion of the mould surface and a second paint layer on a second portion of the mould surface, which was covered with a magnetically securing mask when spraying the first paint layer. A third material, usually a polyurethane material, is then applied, usually sprayed, over the first and second paint layers to form a backing layer. In this known method the transition between the two colours is also produced on top of an upstanding ridge to hide the colour transition from view.
A drawback of the prior art methods set forth hereabove is that, due to the use of a mask, defects arise at the transition or parting line between the different colours, i.e. either some of the first layer forming material will arrive onto the second mould surface portion when removing the mask, this is the so-called bridging problem, or, when such bridging is avoided by maintaining a distance between the mould surface and the edge of the mask, some of the first layer forming material will arrive underneath the edge of the mask causing a scattered transition zone between the different colours. The use of upstanding ridges on the mould surface, to hide these colour transition zones from view, involves an important limitation of the design possibilities. Moreover, the use of upstanding ridges do not enable flat colour transitions. A further drawback of the prior art methods is that the used mask technology is critical and complex. In order to get the colour transition line as good as possible, the mask geometry has to be tailored accurately to the three-dimensional shape of the mould surface and in particular to the geometry of the upstanding ridges. Any deviation in both geometries will be translated in inaccurate colour transitions.
A method wherein a surface layer for a trim part is produced without the use of a mask is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,328,349. In this known method a multicoloured slush skin is produced by a powder-slush process. According to this US patent, masking techniques can be used for producing multicoloured slush skins but it has been shown in actuality that the separating seam looks untidy to the eye. In the disclosed method, the entire mould surface is therefore first covered with a first thermoplastic material, a portion of produced slush skin is cut out and removed from the mould surface and a second thermoplastic material is moulded onto the free mould surface and onto the back of the first thermoplastic material. An important drawback of such a method is that it is only applicable for thermoplastic materials. Moreover, it is a quite complex process and, in the disclosed method, the actual colour transition has still to be produced on top of an upstanding edge.
Other methods which are only applicable for thermoplastic materials are disclosed in JP 59142112 and in U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,325. In these known methods a pattern recessed in the mould surface is first filled up with a thermoplastic material. In a next step, the entire mould surface is covered with a second thermoplastic material so that the front side of this second thermoplastic material has a decorative feature formed by the first thermoplastic material. A drawback of these methods is also that the first thermoplastic material has to be applied always in a pattern recessed in the mould surface and, moreover, after having applied the first material in the recessed pattern, any excess of material outside the recessed pattern has to be removed. A further drawback of these known methods are the limited design possibilities due to the fact that the second thermoplastic material extends always on both sides of the decorative feature. It is thus for example not possible to produce a surface layer consisting of two main surface area's of different colours.

Method for manufacturing at least a surface layer of multilayered trim part


A display for a vehicle, including a light source, an optical device to guide light from the light source and form the light from the light source into a light pointer, a head portion disposed above a meter surface to project the light pointer formed by the optical device on the meter surface from above of the meter surface, a driving device to rotate the head portion, and a height adjusting mechanism to adjust a height of the head portion to the meter surface to be capable of changing a length of the light pointer while projecting the light pointer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an improvement in a display unit for a vehicle, adapted to project a light pointer on a surface of a meter.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, a display for a vehicle such as a meter is provided on a front part of a room of a vehicle such as an automobile. There have been known various display units for the vehicle. Above all, an analog type meter in which a pointer is rotated along a pointer rotating area formed on a surface of the meter is usual.
A structure including a meter surface having a scale and a light pointer projected on a pointer rotating area of the meter surface and formed by line-shaped laser beam is known as the analog type meter, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open H08-193852, for reference.
However, because the light pointer is adapted to carry out a circular movement about a base of the pointer in the conventional analog type meter, the pointer rotating area of the meter surface to which the light pointer is projected must be formed into a circular shape. If the meter surface is formed into a non circular shape such as an ellipse, the light pointer projected in the circular shape does not correspond to the non-circular meter surface, and therefore there is a fear that it is difficult to judge what scale the light pointer indicates.
From the circumstances, there is a problem that the meter surface or the pointer rotating area must be limited to the circular shape, and it is not possible to form the meter surface and so on in any shape such as the ellipse.
Moreover, as another example using the light pointer, there is known a display for a vehicle disclosed in Japanese Utility Model H 5-17619.
However, in the display for the vehicle as described in the document because a variety of optical parts for generating a light pointer are disposed to disperse in a meter displaying device, there is a problem that the display has a disorganized structure.
Moreover, in the display for the vehicle, because the pointer has a short bar-like shape, it is necessary to provide an indicator displaying part on a position out of the pointer rotating area of the meter surface so that the indicator displaying part is not obscured by means of the pointer. Accordingly, the meter surface must have separately the pointer rotating area and a displaying portion of the indicator displaying part, therefore there is a problem that the meter surface become large in size and the miniaturization is not achieved and further a limitation is generated on a design.
In vehicles such as automobiles, an instrument panel provided on a front portion of a room is provided with a storage device for a vehicle such as a glove box disposed in a front of a passenger seat, usually, (for reference, see Japanese Patent Laid-Open H 11-255000). A meter device is also provided in a front of a driver seat.
However, in the storage device described in the patent document, because the storage device such as the glove box and the meter device are attached separately to the instrument panel, there is a problem that space efficiency is not effect.
Moreover, in vehicles such as automobiles, usually, a display for a vehicle such as a meter is provided on an instrument panel and air blowout openings as in a ventilator grill or diffusing-gill are provided in positions out of the meter (for reference, see Japanese Patent Laid-Open 2000-264095).
However, in such a structure, because the meter and air blowout openings are formed by separate parts and disposed at different positions, increment of number of parts, increment of an installation space and a limitation of the instrument panel on a design by the increment of the parts and so on, have been generated.
Furthermore, there is known a conventional instrument panel structure for a vehicle, in which an opened air duct is provided in a rear surface of an instrument panel and a part of the instrument panel is used as an upper lid of the opened air duct (for reference, see Japanese Patent Laid-Open H 08-080762).
However, in the instrument panel structure for the vehicle, because the one portion of the instrument panel is merely used as the upper lid of the air duct, there is a problem that the air duct and so on cannot be still eliminated and a space efficiency within the instrument panel cannot be enhanced.


The present invention relates to organic molecules capable of modulating tyrosine kinase signal transduction and particularly KDR/FLK-1 receptor signal transduction in order to regulate and/or modulate vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. The invention is based, in part, on the demonstration that KDR/FLK-1 tyrosine kinase receptor expression is associated with endothelial cells and the identification of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as the high affinity ligand of FLK-1. These results indicate a major role for KDR/FLK-1 in the signaling system during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Engineering of host cells that express FLK-1 and the uses of expressed FLK-1 to evaluate and screen for drugs and analogs of VEGF involved in FLK-1 modulation by either agonist or antagonist activities is also described. The invention also relates to the use of the disclosed compounds in the treatment of disorders, including cancer, diabetes, hemangioma and Kaposi's sarcoma, which are related to vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) comprise a large family of transmembrane receptors for polypeptide growth factors with diverse biological activities. The intrinsic function of RTKs is activated upon ligand binding, which results in phosphorylation of the receptor and multiple cellular substrates, and subsequently in a variety of cellular responses. Ullrich & Schlessinger, 1990, Cell 61: 203-212.
As has been reported by the inventors, RTKs, as well as, more generally, protein tyrosine kinases, play an important role in the control of cell growth and differentiation (for review, see Schlessinger & Ullrich, 1992, Neuron 9: 383-391). Aberrant expression or mutations in the RTKs have been shown to lead to either uncontrolled cell proliferation (e.g. malignant tumor growth) or to defects in key developmental processes. Consequently, the biomedical community has expended significant resources to discover the specific biological role of members of the RTK family, their function in differentiation processes, their involvement in tumorigenesis and in other diseases, the biochemical mechanisms underlying their signal transduction pathways activated upon ligand stimulation and the development of novel antineoplastic drugs.
At present, at least nineteen (19) distinct RTK subfamilies have been identified. One RTK subfamily is believed to be comprised of the KDR/FLK-1 receptor, the fetal liver kinase 4 (FLK-4) receptor and the fmslike tyrosine 1 (flt-1) receptor. Each of these receptors was initially believed to be receptors for hematopoietic growth factors.
The KDR/FLK-1 Receptor and VEGF. Normal vasculogenesis and angiogenesis play important roles in a variety of physiological processes such as embryonic development, wound healing, organ regeneration and female reproductive processes such as follicle development in the corpus luteum during ovulation and placental growth after pregnancy. Folkman & Shing, 1992, J. Biological Chem. 267(16): 10931-34. Uncontrolled vasculogenesis and/or angiogenesis has been associated with diseases, such as diabetes, as well as malignant solid tumors that rely on vascularization for growth. Klagsburn & Soker, 1993, Current Biology 3(10): 699-702; Folkham, 1991, J. Natl., Cancer Inst. 82: 4-6; Weidner, et al., 1991, New Engl. J. Med. 324: 1-5.
Several polypeptides with in vitro endothelial cell growth promoting activity have been identified. Examples include acidic and basic fibroblastic growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor. Unlike FGF, VEGF has recently been reported to be an endothelial cell specific mitogen. Ferrara & Henzel, 1989, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 161: 851-858; Vaisman et al., 1990, J. Biol. Chem. 265: 19461-19566.
Thus, identification of the specific receptors to which VEGF binds is important to understanding of the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation. Two structurally related RTKs have been identified to bind VEGF with high affinity: the flt-1 receptor (Shibuya et al., 1990, Oncogene 5: 519-524; De Vries et al., 1992, Science 255: 989-991) and the KDR/FLK-1 receptor, discussed herein. Consequently, it had been surmised that RTKs may have a role in the modulation and regulation of endothelial cell proliferation.
As has only been recently contemplated, evidence, such as information set forth in U.S. application Ser. Nos. 08/193,829, 08/038,596 and 07/975,750, strongly suggest that VEGF is not only responsible for endothelial cell proliferation, but also is the prime regulator of normal and pathological angiogenesis. See generally, Klagsburn & Soker, 1993, Current Biology 3(10)699-702; Houck, et al., 1992, J. Biol. Chem. 267: 26031-26037.
Identification Of Agonists And Antagonists To The KDR/FLK-1 Receptor. In view of the surmised importance of RTKs to the control, regulation and modulation of endothelial cell proliferation and potentially vasculogenesis and/or angiogenesis, many attempts have been made to identify RTK "inhibitors" using a variety of approaches, including the use of mutant ligands (U.S. application Ser. No. 4,966,849), soluble receptors and antibodies (Application No. WO 94/10202; Kendall & Thomas, 1994, Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci 90: 10705-09; Kim, et al., 1993, Nature 362: 841-844), RNA ligands (Jellinek, et al., Biochemistry 33: 10450-56), protein kinase C inhibitors (Schuchter, et al., 1991, Cancer Res. 51: 682-687); Takano, et al., 1993, Mol. Bio. Cell 4: 358A; Kinsella, et al., 1992, Exp. Cell Res. 199: 56-62; Wright, et al., 1992, J. Cellular Phys. 152: 448-57) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (WO 94/03427; WO 92/21660; WO 91/15495; WO 94/14808; U.S. Pat. No. 5,330,992; Mariani, et al., 1994, Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 35: 2268).
More recently, attempts have been made to identify small molecules which act as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. For example, bis monocyclic, bicyclic or heterocyclic aryl compounds (PCT WO 92/20642), vinylene-azaindole derivatives (PCT WO 94/14808) and 1-cyclopropyl-4-pyridyl-quinolones (U.S. Pat. No. 5,330,992) have been described generally as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Styryl compounds (U.S. Pat. No. 5,217,999), styryl-substituted pyridyl compounds (U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,606), certain quinazoline derivatives (EP Application No. 0 566 266 A1), selenoindoles and selenides (PCT WO 94/03427), tricyclic polyhydroxylic compounds (PCT WO 92/21660) and benzylphosphonic acid compounds (PCT WO 91/15495) have been described as compounds for use as tyrosine kinase inhibitors for use in the treatment of cancer. None of these compounds, however, have been previously associated with the enzymatic function of the KDR/FLK-1 receptor. Likewise, none of these compounds have been associated with regulation of vasculogenesis and/or angiogenesis.
The identification of effective small compounds which specifically inhibit tyrosine signal transduction by modulating the activity of RTKs and particularly the KDR/FLK-1 receptor to regulate and modulate vasculogenesis and/or angiogenesis is therefore desirable and the object of this invention.

Substituted phenylacrylonitrile compounds and compositions thereof for the treatment of disease

Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem


An amplifier system with feedback current cancellation comprises an amplifier with an input, an output, and at least one stage. A feedback network communicates with the input and output of the amplifier. A feedback current cancellation module that provides a first current at the input of the amplifier that substantially cancels a second current provided at the input of the amplifier by the feedback network.

Referring to FIG. 1, an exemplary magnetic storage system 100 such as a hard disk drive is shown. A buffer 102 stores data that is associated with control of the hard disk drive. The buffer 102 may employ SDRAM or other types of low latency memory. A processor 104 performs processing that is related to the operation of the hard disk drive. A hard disk controller (HDC) 106 communicates with the buffer 102, the processor 104, a host 108 via an I/O channel 110, a spindle/voice coil motor (VCM) driver 112, and a read/write channel circuit 114.
During a write operation, the read/write channel circuit 114 encodes the data to be written onto the storage medium. The read/write channel circuit 114 processes the signal for reliability and may include, for example, error checking and correcting coding (ECC) and run length limited coding (RLL). During read operations, the read/write channel circuit 114 converts an analog output from the medium to a digital signal. The converted signal is then detected and decoded by known techniques to recover the data written on the hard disk drive.
One or more hard drive platters 116 include a magnetic coating that stores magnetic fields. The platters 116 are rotated by a spindle motor that is schematically shown at 118. Generally, the spindle motor 118 rotates the hard drive platters 116 at a fixed speed during read/write operations. One or more read/write arm(s) 120 move relative to the platters 116 to read and/or write data to/from the hard drive platters 116. The spindle/VCM driver 112 controls the spindle motor 118, which rotates the platters 116. The spindle/VCM driver 112 also generates control signals that position the read/write arm 120, for example using a voice coil actuator, a stepper motor, or any other suitable actuator.
A read/write device 122 is located near a distal end of the read/write arm 120. The read/write device 122 includes a write element such as an inductor that generates a magnetic field. The read/write device 122 also includes a read element (such as a magneto-resistive (MR) sensor) that senses the magnetic fields on the platter 116. A preamplifier (preamp) circuit 124 amplifies analog read/write signals. When reading data, the preamp circuit 124 amplifies low level signals from the read element and outputs the amplified signal to the read/write channel circuit 114. While writing data, a write current that flows through the write element of the read/write channel circuit 114 is switched to produce a magnetic field having a positive or negative polarity. The positive or negative polarity is stored by the hard drive platter 116 to represent data.
Referring now to FIG. 2, an exemplary circuit 140 is presented that amplifies a signal across a variable resistance 142. This circuit could be used in the preamplifier of a magnetic storage system where the variable resistance is the MR sensor. A first current source 144 communicates with a supply potential 146. A second current source 148 communicates with a ground potential 150. The first and second current sources 144 and 148 communicate with a first terminal and an opposite terminal of a variable resistance 142, respectively. The first terminal of a variable resistance 142 communicates with a first terminal of a first capacitance 152. The opposite terminal of the variable resistance 142 communicates with a first terminal of a second capacitance 154.
A second terminal of the first capacitance 152 communicates with a noninverting input of a differential operational amplifier (op-amp 156). A second terminal of the second capacitance 154 communicates with an inverting terminal of the op-amp 156. The first terminal of the first capacitance 152 communicates with a first terminal of a first resistance 158. An opposite terminal of the first resistance 158 communicates with a first terminal of a third capacitance 160. A second terminal of the third capacitance 160 communicates with a noninverting output of the op-amp 156. The first terminal of the second capacitance 154 communicates with a first terminal of a second resistance 162. An opposite terminal of the second resistance 162 communicates with a first terminal of a fourth capacitance 164. A second terminal of the fourth capacitance 164 communicates with an inverting output of the op-amp 156.
Traditionally, the third and fourth capacitances 160 and 164 have been included to block DC current from flowing through the first and second resistances 158 and 162, respectively. These error currents would then flow through the variable resistance 142, causing its bias current to differ from what the first and second current sources 144 and 148 establish. Also, the current pulled from the output of the op-amp 156 by the first and second resistances 158 and 162 would affect the op-amp's performance. However, the third and fourth capacitances 160 and 164 create low-pass filters that interact with the high-pass filters created by the first and second capacitances 152 and 154, making the overall frequency response of the circuit difficult to design.

TMR/GMR amplifier with input current compensation


An indirect heating method using a laser according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes: a first process of adjacently placing a first material structure containing a metal and a second material structure containing a mineral; and a second process of directly heating the first material structure to indirectly heat the second material structure adjacent to the first material structure by emitting a laser to the first material structure.

Examples of heating methods include emitting a laser to a target object. A laser refers to condensed light obtained by concentrating energy spread in the space on one point. It is possible to concentrate tremendous energy by overlapping waves sharing the same point in the space. To operate a laser, a special medium, such as a special gas, crystal, or diode, that transmits a laser is needed. If energy in the form of electricity, radio wave, or light is injected into such a medium, electrons in the medium absorb the energy and then jump into the outer electron shells and thus atoms are in an excited state. If light is injected thereto, the excited atoms collide with photons to release numerous photons and return to a stable state, i.e., low-energy state. In this case, the released photons collide again with other atoms to release numerous photons. While this process is rapidly repeated, the photons are suddenly released into light.
One of the prior art technologies is disclosed in Korean Laid-open Publication No. 20150105195 (published on Sep. 16, 2015 and entitled "Laser heating treatment method and method for manufacturing solid state imaging device").


User interface having a sensor and a composite interface that floats. Embodiments of user interfaces described herein are useful, for example, as automobile components (e.g., dashboard components), appliance components (e.g., dishwasher components, stove components, oven components, microwave oven components, clothes washer components, and clothes dyer components), medical equipment, elevator buttons, laboratory equipment (e.g., scales), as well as consumer electronics (e.g., entertainment devices and cell phones), automatic teller machines, and the like.

User interfaces are the links between humans and devices used to accomplish tasks. User interfaces may be as simple as a sign or label stating "push" to indicate where to push, for example, to open a door, or may involve hardware integrated with software, changing, for example, visual displays, voice recognition, etc. Activation or selection or the function to be performed may be done in a variety of ways; including physical contact such as touching a button, switch, as well as motion or thermal detection.
Selection of a function and actuation of that function without physical contact can have benefits including: reducing or eliminating damage to the interface from contact, contamination or the interface and user, repetitive stress injury to the user, etc.
User interfaces typically do not have just functional requirements. The interfaces often have aesthetic requirements so that they are visually interesting, visually pleasing or even not visible until the time of use, or visible only by the user. User interface appearance can influence a user's perception of the quality and craftsmanship of the device (e.g., how well the interface blends in with the device).

User interface with a composite image that floats


A data transfer control device includes: a transmitter circuit; a receiver circuit; a transfer direction switch circuit which performs switching a transfer direction; a transfer direction switch indication circuit which indicates the transfer direction switch circuit to switch the transfer direction; and a code generation circuit which generates a transfer direction switch request code when a transfer direction switch request has been received from an upper layer circuit. When the transfer direction switch request has been received from the upper layer circuit, the transmitter circuit transmits the transfer direction switch request code through a serial signal line, and the transfer direction switch indication circuit indicates the transfer direction switch circuit to switch from a transmission direction to a reception direction after the transfer direction switch request code has been transmitted.

The present invention relates to a data transfer control device, an electronic instrument, and a data transfer control method.
In recent years, a high-speed serial transfer interface such as low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) has attracted attention as an interface standard aiming at reducing EMI noise or the like. In such a high-speed serial transfer interface, data transfer is implemented by causing a transmitter circuit to transmit serialized data using differential signals and a receiver circuit to differentially amplify the differential signals (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2001-222249).
A portable telephone includes a first instrument section provided with buttons for inputting a telephone number or a character, a second instrument section provided with a main liquid crystal display (LCD), a sub LCD, or a camera (one or a plurality of devices), and a connection section such as a hinge which connects the first and second instrument sections. In this case, the number of interconnects which pass through the connection section can be reduced by performing data transfer between a first substrate provided in the first instrument section and a second substrate provided in the second instrument section by serial transfer using serial signal lines. Therefore, a high-speed serial interface which can implement efficient serial transfer in the connection section has been demanded.
An application processor mounted on the first substrate transfers display data to the main LCD or the sub LCD. There may be a case where the main LCD or the sub LCD transfers the status information to the application processor. In this case, the display data transferred from the application processor to the main LCD or the sub LCD accounts for most of the transfer data. Therefore, the transfer method in such an application need not be a full-duplex transfer method in which data can be received while transmitting data, but may be a half-duplex transfer method in which data can be transferred in either direction but data transmission and data reception cannot be performed at the same time. The number of interconnects passing through the first and second instrument sections can be further reduced in comparison with the full-duplex transfer method by using the half-duplex transfer method, whereby the design of the connection section or the like can be facilitated.

Data transfer control device, electronic instrument, and data transfer control method


Embodiments generally relate to methods of accurately predicting seasonal fluctuations in precipitation or other approximate functionals of a climate state space, such as the number of heating or cooling degree days in a season, maximum river flow rates, water table levels and the like. In one embodiment, a method for predicting climate comprises: deriving a climate attractor from a global climate model, wherein a tuning parameter for the climate attractor comprises a value of total energy for moving air and water on the earth's surface; estimating a predictive function for each of a plurality of computational cells within the global climate model; and predicting an approximate climate functional of interest for a given specific location utilizing a combination of the predictive functions from each of the plurality of computational cells geographically proximate the location, where at all stages, predictive functions are selected in part by comparison to historical data.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention are general to statistical prediction functions derived from chaotic systems and dynamic computer models thereof. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to methods of accurately predicting natural phenomena such as climate fluctuations and earthquakes by accounting for the statistical predictability derived from the chaotic nature of the underlying dynamic systems. More generally, embodiments of the present invention relate to methods of accurately predicting characteristics of any chaotic system for which statistical predictability can be determined.
2. Description of the Related Art
Predicting variations in seasonal precipitation at a local and regional level is important to a countless number of commercial, industrial and recreational activities, ranging from agriculture, to allocation of emergency service resources, to an ideal location for a little league baseball field. It is common in many commercial and industrial fiber optic applications to bury cable underground, often as deep as two meters beneath the earth's surface. The thermal conductivity of the soil surrounding buried cable and electronics can greatly influence their behavior, performance and overall life cycle. Therefore, prediction of the thermal conductivity of soil in a particular region where cable and electronics are buried can be useful in predicting the longevity and performance of the buried components.
It is well established that an increase of moisture in soil enhances its thermal conductivity, and conversely, decreasing moisture reduces its thermal conductivity. However, a single rainfall event is unlikely to change the thermal conductivity. Rather, a change of thermal conductivity of the soil occurs after a consistent change in seasonal rainfall over a particular region. If buried devices show potential sensitivity to changes in thermal conductivity, then prediction-based decisions may be made as to which geographical regions, in which devices are buried, are at risk due to changing thermal conductivity. As such, the accuracy of methods for predicting regional climate patterns is highly important. The value of accurate prediction of earthquakes is apparent.
Currently, there are two primary methods for predicting climate fluctuation: (1) purely empirical methods, and (2) methods based on global climate models. Purely empirical methods, i.e., using the past to predict the future using linear, non-linear, or non-parametric approaches, are often utilized for climate prediction. However, a fundamental flaw in purely empirical methods exists in that such methods fail to account for (and are arguably incapable of accounting for) increasing global temperatures, as there is not sufficient data to estimate relationships correctly. Although arguments are made that various versions of the fluctuation dissipation theorem suggest future climate should linearly depend on the past climate, pure empiricism is unlikely to accurately predict future climate because recent changes in the global average surface temperature, over the past fifty years or so, has resulted in unpredictable changes in the climate attractor, (the attractor represents the possible states the climate can reach along with the possible transitions between the possible states, given a set of tuning parameters (e.g. global average surface temperatures). With a warming world, the attractor, and hence those possible states and transitions are changing). Empirical methods are the predominant method for earthquake prediction currently and are supported by scientific arguments. For example, current state of the art earthquake prediction is based on very slight modification of historical rates using a moving average of recent nearby located events. However, empirical methods do not take advantage of chaos theory and are inherently limited.
Methods based on a global climate model (GCM), or ensembles of GCM's, are often utilized to predict climate. The GCM's generally require setting the conditions of the ocean similar to ocean conditions at some time in the recent past, and doing so several times using different starting conditions to represent uncertainty in the starting conditions. From there an ensemble of trajectories is used for prediction. While GCM's are generally more accurate than empirical methods for long time periods (e.g., multiple decades), misidentification of relevant initial conditions often yields inaccurate results at shorter time scales which are typically of interest, such as a single season or up to a decade.
Thus, there is a need for an improved method of predicting seasonal fluctuations in precipitation or other approximate functionals of a climate state space at an interseasonal to interannual time scale. Similarly, there is a need for reliable earthquake prediction on a time scale shorter than multiple decades.

Predicting climate data using climate attractors derived from a global climate model


The invention relates to an electric connecting device, especially for arrangement between a steering wheel and a steering column switch module of a motor vehicle, comprising a stationary housing part and a rotationable housing part which respectively include a connecting unit and enclose at least one spiral-shaped wound-up, flexible electric conductor whose respective end is connected to the connecting unit and which is guided in a reverse-direction loop inside the housing. The conductor is associated with a forced guidance element in a positive fit, engaging the peripheral side of the conductor and resulting in a defined winding or unwinding of the conductor during a rotational movement of the rotationable housing part. The forced guidance element comprises a toothing that engages into the respective recesses in the conductor and may be assigned to the rotatable housing part, the stationary housing part, or both.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention pertains to an electric connecting device, especially for arrangement between a steering wheel and a steering column switch module of a motor vehicle, comprising a stationary housing part and a rotatable housing part, which respectively include a connecting unit and enclose at least one spiral-shaped wound up flexible electric conductor whose end is connected to the connecting unit and which is guided in a reverse-direction loop inside the housing.
2. Description of Related Art
Connecting devices of this type are used, in particular, for producing an electrical connection between a power source and a gas-operated impact protection device of motor vehicles that is arranged in the steering wheel. In this case, a conductor arranged between the stationary housing part and the rotatable housing part is of such length that it can follow approximately three revolutions of the steering wheel in both directions. The flexible conductor widens outwardly when the steering wheel is turned in one direction from a central position until it contacts the stationary housing part and contents inwardly when the steering wheel is turned in the other direction until it contacts the rotatable housing part. This uncontrolled widening and contracting of the conductor frequently leads to malfunctions.


An exchange infrastructure for message-based exchange and integration of a collection of heterogeneous software components is disclosed. The exchange infrastructure includes a repository for storing design-time collaboration descriptions of a plurality of software components, and a directory for storing configuration-specific collaboration descriptions of a runtime system landscape. The exchange infrastructure further includes a runtime engine configured for message-based exchange of information based on the configuration-specific collaboration descriptions. At runtime, the runtime engine receives messages, and resolves intended or required receivers based on message content and parameters provided by the configuration-specific collaboration descriptions from the directory.

Companies face an increasing need for integration of and collaboration among their information and enterprise software systems. In most current system landscapes, many components are directly connected in a one-to-one relationship with other components, with the integration capabilities hardwired into the application components and individual mappings programs. Under these conditions, collaborative sharing of information or process control is difficult if not impossible. Upgrades, changes, or extensions to an infrastructure of directly connected components are challenging and resource-intensive.
New electronic business collaboration, however, typically requires connectivity among all applications inside and outside of company boundaries. Networks such as the Internet provide opportunities for systems to communicate almost instantly with other systems or individuals. Business processes that once were restricted to intranets and their users are now moving to the Internet to become an effective composition of Web services. A Web service is a programmable, self-contained, self-describing, modular application function that can be published, discovered or invoked through an open Internet standard.
Processes such as supply chain planning, sourcing, and demand forecasting are automated across enterprises and within regions, and can be implemented across systems at only marginal communication costs. To achieve this result, components from different vendors ideally should be integrated into a consistent infrastructure. However, comprehensive system upgrades of existing enterprise software, or large-scale replacement strategies in heterogeneous system landscapes tend to be too costly or otherwise and simply unfeasible in terms of time and capital resource costs.
While technical connectivity is provided using open protocols and standards like the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) and extensible markup language (XML), the challenge of mapping different business semantics remains. To capture future rounds of efficiency gains, enterprises increasingly will be required to deploy a new breed of collaborative business processes that cross enterprises or functions within an enterprise. In addition, enterprises will increasingly need to process real-time scenarios instead of performing batch processing. These collaborative processes will have significantly more sophisticated integration requirements than traditional processes.

Exchange infrastructure system and method


A hub-bearing assembly (10) is provided with an outer, stationary, ring (20), and an inner ring (30) with a flange (32) for mounting a wheel, and the flange (32) forms an annular relief (36) projecting in an axially inward direction and having an outer toroidal surface (42); a sealing device (50), mounted on the outer ring (20), has a non-contacting axial lip (61) which extends axially towards the flange (32) and has a free end portion (62) which creates a labyrinth seal with the outer toroidal surface (42) of the annular relief (36).

Bearing assemblies are known, for example, from EP 0 286 151 A2, EP 1 128 078 A2, and EP 1 803 948 A1.
A hub-bearing assembly in which the sealing device is associated with a shield or slinger ring mounted on the rolling ring is described in WO 2012/019803 A1.
In general, the automotive industry needs to satisfy an ever-growing demand for reduction of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions.
The object of the present invention is to provide a hub-bearing assembly having a sealing device which, on the one hand, provides a high level of sealing, and, at the same time, achieves a reduction in the frictional torque caused by the sealing device when the rings of the assembly rotate relative to each other. It is also desirable to reduce manufacturing costs and the number of components in the assembly.

Hub-bearing assembly with sealing device


A system for assessing software risks includes a non-transitory computer readable medium and a processor. The non-transitory computer readable medium stores category risk scores based on findings generated by software security analysis tools of different categories. The processor receives at least one first finding from a first category of software security analysis tools and at least one second finding from a second category of software security analysis tools. A first category risk score is computed based on the at least one first finding. A second category risk score is computed based on the at least one second finding. An overall risk score for application code is determined by computing a weighted average based on the first category risk score and the second category risk score. A graphical user interface displays the overall risk score.

Traditionally, understanding application risk as a result of performing multiple tests using different categories of tools, such as Static Application Security Testing (SAST) tools, Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST) tools, and Interactive Software Security Testing (IAST) tools, is quite challenging as these tools provide different metrics. These metrics are static and do not account for risks associated with stale findings. For instance, these metrics do not account for the advent of newly identified vulnerabilities or improved scanning techniques after scan has completed. Some existing technology evaluates risk within a given category of tools, without considering other categories of tools. Some existing technology does not account for adjustments of risk scores post scanning due to time-based, or other factors.
In view of the foregoing, a need exists for a scoring solution that computes software risks by considering tests performed by multiple categories of software security testing tools, and provides a normalized score scale despite metric differences among different categories of tools. Further, there is a need to adjust scores over time to account for additional risks that may occur after scan has completed.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Methods and systems for determining software risk scores


A system and method for subtracting excess noise from a high sensitivity gyroscope system in which a laser diode array is focused into an Nd-doped active fiber. A resultant gyro signal is polarized, detected, and amplified. A noise signal is polarized, delayed, detected, and amplified such that the noise signal is polarized parallel to the gyro signal and delayed by a fiber delay, of a length equal to a length of a gyroscope fiber coil. The excess noise component in the amplified gyro signal is reduced by modulating the amplified noise signal with a portion of the amplified gyro signal and subtracting the amplitude-modulated noise signal from the amplified gyro signal to produce a reduced noise gyro signal.

The present invention relates to a high sensitivity gyroscope system with noise subtraction for reducing excess noise and random walk in the gyroscope system.
Fiber optic gyroscope systems typically use broadband sources such as superluminescent diodes (SLDs), or fiber superluminescent sources, to reduce Rayleigh scattering and polarization noise. These sources introduce an excess noise term, in addition to shot noise, due to their finite bandwidth, into the gyro output. This excess noise causes the performance of the fiber optic gyroscope systems to saturate, rather than improve, as the source power is increased. It is desirable to eliminate this excess noise component in the gyro output to achieve optimum gyroscope performance. The gyroscope system of the present application performs noise subtraction using a delayed reference signal from a source in order to reduce excess noise.
Broad-spectrum optical sources with stable spectra are required in fiber-optic gyroscopes to minimize coherent back-scattering noise and zero rotation drift due to the Kerr effect. Superluminescent diodes (SLDs) have been implemented in fiber gyroscopes, but they generally suffer from a high wavelength sensitivity to temperature, inefficient coupling to single-mode fibers, and a lack of immunity to optical feedback. Superluminescent sources exhibiting superluminescence or superfluorescence, have been observed in high-gain laser materials as a result of an essentially single-pass amplification of spontaneous photons without the use of an optical resonator. The search for practical SLSs has evolved toward wave guiding structures, which offer the advantage of high-energy confinement and therefore, large gains in compact, efficient devices.
Superluminescent fiber sources (SLSs) present several advantages over SLDs. First, the temperature stability of the SLS spectrum, in particular, its center wavelength, is far superior to that of the semiconductor devices, whose emission wavelength typically varies by about 0.05 nm/deg C. Second, the available power in an SLD is significantly less than the available power in a superluminescent fiber source (SLS). For example, in a typical SLD, the available power is approximately 30 mW, of which probably no more than a few milliwatts can be coupled to a single mode fiber. Third, in a practical system, unwanted spurious reflections from the source/system interface can greatly reduce the power which can be coupled to the system fiber. These reflections can be minimized in the SLS fiber device by splicing the source and system fibers with a fused glass-to-glass splice, which can not be realized with SLDs. Finally, the high conversion efficiency of the SLS fiber source and its broad character pump band make superluminescent fiber sources (SLSs) ideal in compact, laser-diode-pumped configurations.
Nd-doped single-mode fibers have been utilized as a superfluorescent source in SLSs to provide a wide bandwidth and high power for use in applications where sharp spectrum components from a broadband laser would be undesirable, such as in a fiber gyroscope. Further, systems have been designed in which an Nd-doped fiber is pumped by a laser diode to produce over 80 mW of superfluorescent output at a wavelength of 1060 nm. Further, high-power superfluorescent sources have been demonstrated which are pumped by a high power broad-striped diode laser. The output characteristic with pump power has permitted the modeling of the superfluorescent emission and a determination of the fiber constants characterizing saturation, spontaneous emission, and gain. Further, in these systems, evidence of lasing in the absence of external feedback has been observed in particular configurations and is shown to correlate with Rayleigh backscattering levels in the fiber.
A double clad, high brightness Nd fiber laser has been pumped by a GaAlAs diode array. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the fiber laser includes an Nd core in the center, a first cladding, which is approximately rectangular in shape, which allows for efficient pump light absorption and is made of glass, and a second cladding, which is made of a soft fluoro-polymer, which increases an acceptance angle for the pump light, and has a refractive index of 1.39. Further, the fiber laser includes an outer buffer coating which is a commercial hard polymer. Since the first cladding is mainly SiO.sub.2, the numerical aperture (NA) between the first and second cladding is approximately 0.4. The core contains 0.5 weight % of Nd.sub.2 O.sub.3, 3.8 weight % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and an NA of 0.16. Further, the dimensions of the first cladding are 110 microns by 45 microns, and the core is 4.8 microns in diameter. This configuration gives a ratio of the first cladding area to the core area of 274. The rectangular shape of the first cladding and its NA of 0.4 make is especially suited for high powered diode array pumps.
Excess noise is important with respect to broadband optical sources which are commonly used in fiber optic gyroscopes because the excess noise can limit the ultimate sensitivity of the device. Models for excess noise have been used to calculate the random walk coefficient due to shot and excess noise in a fiber gyro to demonstrate the impact excess noise in these sources will have on such a gyroscope. Experiments in this area have indicated the gyros utilizing SLD sources are not significantly impacted by excess noise due their limited output power (a few mW in a single mode fiber). However, a fiber source at 1.06 microns, for example, with its higher potential output power, is limited by excess noise.
Excess noise in a broadband source arises due to intensity fluctuations. Gaussian intensity fluctuations lead to a Bose-Einstein, rather than a Poisson, photoelectron distribution, which leads to an additional, or "excess" noise term in the mean square fluctuation of the photoelectron current. This phenomenon is represented by: EQU <(.DELTA.I).sup.2 >=2e<I>B+<I>.sup.2 B/.DELTA.v (1)
where < > represents a time average, I is the detector current, e is the electron charge, B is the electronic bandwidth, and Av is the optical linewidth of the source. In Equation (1), the first term is referred to as the shot noise term and the second term is the excess noise term.
Broadband sources have been used in optical gyros to reduce noise due to Rayleigh backscatter, Kerr effect, and polarization fluctuations. The minimal detectable rotation rate as limited by shot noise in a fiber gyro, is shown below. If both the shot and excess noise terms from Equation (1) are included, the result is: ##EQU1##
where .OMEGA..sub.min is the minimal detectable rate, R and L are the radius and length of the gyro coil, J.sub.0 =0.34 and J.sub.1 =0.58 are Bessel functions optimized for maximum sensitivity, c is the speed of light, and .lambda. and .DELTA..lambda. are the free space center wavelength and linewidth of the source. By dividing both sides of Equation (2) by .sqroot.B, a bandwidth independent constant characteristic of white noise, .OMEGA..sub.min /.sqroot.B, is obtained, usually referred to as the random walk coefficient and expressed as (deg/h)/.sqroot.Hz or deg/.sqroot.h. As illustrated in Equation (2), the random walk coefficient depends on the source linewidth, as well as, coil configuration, detector current, and source wavelength.
Excess noise measurements on several types of SLDs and a superfluorescent Nd-doped fiber source have been performed. The spectra of the Nd-doped fiber source, illustrated in FIG. 2 is unique in that the spectra has a long wavelength "tail" which broadens the linewidth considerably compared to the width of the main peak near 1.06 microns. The results of the comparison of excess noise between the several types of SLDs and the superfluorescent Nd-doped fiber source indicate that maximum SLD outputs available are in the transition region between shot noise and excess noise limited operation. However, since the Nd-doped source utilizes much higher powers (10 to 40 mW), the Nd-doped source falls in the excess noise limited regime, and as a result the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) will not increase. This excess noise is important for fiber optical gyros because it imposes a limitation which does not arise in optical gyros which use narrow band sources.
In summary, fiber superluminescent sources (SLSs) are desirable due to their high power output and broad spectrum. However, because of their high output, "excess noise" prevents optimum performance. Therefore, a need in the art exists for an apparatus and method for solving the problem of excess noise, by utilizing a gyroscope system including noise reduction means for reducing the excess noise component in the gyroscope signal. The noise subtraction would, therefore, allow fiber superluminescent sources to be operated at even higher source powers.

Low noise fiber gyroscope system which includes excess noise subtraction

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


A glass substrate for a magnetic disk has one or both of its surfaces processed by applying a suspension of a specified kind onto the surface to be processed while the substrate is rotated and a polishing tape is pressed and run against the surface to be processed. The suspension includes abrasive particles with average diameter selected according to the purpose of the processing and an aqueous solution containing a reacting liquid capable of causing a solid phase reaction at contact boundary surfaces between the surface of the glass substrate and these abrasive particles. The polishing tape is removed from the glass substrate when the polishing is over but while the tape is still running and the glass substrate is rotating. The supplying of the suspension is thereafter stopped and a washing liquid such as water is applied to the polished surface or surfaces while the substrate is still rotating. Both surfaces of a glass substrate may be polished at the same time.

This invention relates to a method of processing a glass substrate for a magnetic disk to a desired degree of roughness and also to a suspension with abrasive particles for such processing.
A substrate for a magnetic disk has its surface mirror-polished and then subjected to a texturing process such that the magnetic disk will be provided with magnetic non-isotropy to improve its magnetic characteristic as a magnetic memory medium and that the adsorption between the magnetic head and the surface of the magnetic disk can be prevented when the hard disk drive is not operating. A magnetic layer is formed thereabove, say, by sputtering. As a substrate for such a magnetic disk, use is usually made of a so-called aluminum substrate with a disk made of an aluminum and plated with Nixe2x80x94P. Such an aluminum substrate is mirror-polished, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication Tokkai 8-96355, by sandwiching it between urethane foam pads impregnated with free abrasive particles while a polishing liquid such as an aqueous solution of a surfactant is supplied, and a texturing process is thereafter carried out by pressing a polishing tape of a non-woven cloth material or the like against it while a suspension having abrasive particles suspended in a dispersing liquid mainly of water is supplied.
Glass substrates are recently coming to be used for producing magnetic disks. A glass substrate, too, is required to have its surface processed to be smooth and flat and textured. The surface of a glass surface, however, is different from that of an aluminum substrate comprising an Nixe2x80x94P plated membrane, being hard and fragile. If the same process used on aluminum substrates were carried out on a glass substrate, therefore, there would be formed unwanted protrusions and irregular scratches and it is not possible to accurately obtain a surface with desired roughness (including a smooth and flat surface). In particular, there is the problem that uniform and fine textured lines cannot be formed.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a method by which one or both of the surfaces of a glass substrate for a magnetic disk can be processed to a desired level of roughness and in particular uniform and fine textured lines can be formed thereon without any unwanted protrusions or irregular scratches, as well as a suspension with abrasive particles which may be used for such a process.
It is also an object of this invention to provide glass substrates for a magnetic disk with one or both surfaces processed by such a method.
A method embodying this invention for surface-processing a glass substrate for a magnetic disk, with which the above and other objects can be accomplished, may be characterized as comprising the steps of rotating the glass substrate, and causing an abrasive tape selected according to the purpose of surface polishing to be pressed and to run against it, while supplying a suspension with abrasive particles to its surface.
A suspension with abrasive particles embodying this invention may be characterized as comprising abrasive particles having diameters selected according to the purpose of the processing and an aqueous solution containing a reacting liquid capable of causing a solid phase reaction on the contacting surface between these abrasive particles and the surface of a glass substrate.
As described above, a glass substrate for a magnetic disk has its surface of surfaces polished according to this invention by rotating it and causing an abrasive tape selected according to the purpose of the surface polishing to be pressed and to run against it, while supplying a suspension which contains abrasive particles and a reacting liquid to the surface being abraded. The average diameter of the abrasive particles in the suspension is determined according to the purpose of the surface processing. As for the reacting liquid capable of causing a solid phase reaction on the contacting surface between these abrasive particles and the surface of the glass substrate, an aqueous solution containing hydroxyl group and having etching capability on a glass material is used such as solutions containing ammonium salts such as tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide. Neutral and alkaline suspensions may be used but neutral ones are preferable in view of environmental problems associated with the disposal of used liquids.
When a suspension with abrasive particles according to this invention is applied to the surface of a glass substrate, a solid phase reaction takes place on the contact boundary surfaces between the abrasive particles and the glass substrate surface and a heterogeneous substance such as a glass hydrate is generated chemically. The glass hydrate thus generated is mechanically removed from the substrate surface by the abrasive particles during the course of the polishing process. Thus, the substrate surface is polished according to this invention by a chemical-mechanical polishing process and hence the polishing is effected in units of very small areas, or the target surface is polished extremely finely. The method is advantageous also because it relies upon a chemical reaction and hence the deterioration due to the processing is negligibly small.
Polishing tapes capable of collecting polished-off debris generated during the polishing process into its interior are preferably to be used. Examples of such a polishing tape include polishing tapes with a layer of foam material on the surface of a plastic tape, woven and non-woven cloth tapes comprising plastic fibers and planted tapes having plastic fibers planted into the surface of a plastic tape. In the case of a tape with a layer of foam material, debris particles are collected into the foams exposed on the surface of the layer of foam material. In the case of a woven or non-woven cloth tape or a planted tape, they are taken into the space between the fibers and removed from the surface of the glass substrate as trapped inside the polishing tape.
There are two objectives to the polishing, one being for flattening so as to improve the smoothness and evenness of the surface and the other being the so-called texturing process for forming concentric textured lines on the surface. In the former, the surface roughness is reduced by the polishing process but since the surface roughness cannot be reduced to zero as a practical matter, the kind of smooth and flat surfaces obtainable by a process embodying this invention will also be referred to as a xe2x80x9crough surfacexe2x80x9d.
The surface roughness of such glass substrates is controlled by a combination of the type of polishing tape and the diameters of the abrasive particles in the suspension. For example, if a woven or non-woven tape or a planted tape comprising plastic fibers is used as the polishing tape, textured lines without unwanted protrusions or irregular scratches can be formed. If abrasive particles with relatively large diameters are used in such a case, the surface roughness becomes larger. If abrasive particles with relatively small diameters are used, the surface roughness becomes smaller. A flat surface processing can be effected by using a polishing tape of the kind having an elastic layer of a foam material on the surface of a plastic tape. As in the case of a texturing process, the surface roughness can be made smaller by using abrasive particles with smaller diameters.
After the surface of a glass surface is polished as above, the polishing tape which has been running is removed from the substrate surface, the supply of the suspension with abrasive particles is stopped and a washing liquid such as water is applied to the substrate surface to clean it while the substrate is kept rotating. While the polishing tape is pressed and run and the glass substrate is kept rotating, a large amount of the suspension remains near the contact area between the polishing tape and the substrate. Thus, if the polishing tape were removed from the substrate surface after the rotary motion of the glass substrate and the movement of the polishing tape are stopped, a glass hydrate would be formed chemically as explained above on the contact boundary surface between the abrasive particles in the suspension remaining near the contact area between the polishing tape and the substrate surface, forming local protrusions of this glass hydrate on the surface of the glass substrate. Such protrusions would not be removable from the surface of the glass substrate by merely applying a washing liquid thereon. In other words, unwanted protrusions would be formed as a result. According to the present invention, therefore, the polishing tape is removed from the surface of the glass substrate, the supply of the suspension with abrasive particles is stopped and a washing liquid such as water is applied while the substrate is kept rotating such that the centrifugal force due to the rotary motion of the substrate can be taken advantage of to remove the abraded particles and the leftover suspension liquid still remaining on the surface of the substrate can be removed therefrom.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of a polishing machine for using a method of polishing embodying this invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged photograph showing a plan view of a portion of a surface of a glass substrate polished in Test 1 described below;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged photograph showing a diagonal view of a portion of a surface of a glass substrate polished in Test 1 described below;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged photograph showing a plan view of a portion of a surface of a glass substrate polished in Test 2 described below;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged photograph showing a diagonal view of a portion of a surface of a glass substrate polished in Test 2 described below;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged photograph showing a plan view of a portion of a surface of a glass substrate polished in Test 3 described below; and
FIG. 7 is an enlarged photograph showing a diagonal view of a portion of a surface of a glass substrate polished in Test 3 described below.

Method of processing surface of glass substrate for magnetic disk and suspension with abrasive particles therefor


A method for automatically testing display device. The method includes steps of: capturing an image; acquiring a horizontal strip of a to-be-tested image which includes at least a portion of each of the color interval column of the image; comparing a standard deviation A of RGB values of pixels in a vertical sample with a standard deviation B of RGB values of pixels an adjacent vertical sample to obtain samples of each color interval from many samples taken; taking pixels from many vertical samples of each color interval to calculate a mean value of the RGB values of each color interval respectively, determining a color corresponding to each of color intervals, and determining an interval sequence of the to-be-tested image and the code sequence of the color intervals; and determining an image format corresponding to the code sequence according to the image format table which records a plurality of image formats corresponding to the interval sequences of the color intervals of the images.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a device and a method for automatically testing image format compatibility of a display device.
2. Description of Related Art
In general, manufacturers will enable display devices to display images of different formats. Accordingly, a corresponding test method to check if the display device is able to display image files of all the formats as it is supposed to.
Typically, image format testing of a display device requires loading image files of each format the display device is designed to be compatible with, then an operator must open each file one at a time and view it, which consumes a lot of time and manpower.

Device and method for automatically testing display device

Hong Fu Jin Precision Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.


A multi-layer laminated trim panel having a first sheet of high density cross-linked polyethylene foam, a second sheet of low density cross-linked polyethylene foam, a plurality of fasteners wherein the fastener heads are entrapped between the first and second sheets of cross-linked polyethylene foam, and an external cover sheet of cloth or vinyl. Additional sheets or pieces of cross-linked polyethylene foam can be incorporated between the first and second sheets of cross-linked polyethylene foam. Various methods of manufacturing the trim panels of the present invention are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to vehicle trim assemblies and more particularly, to multi-layer laminated trim panels having fastening means entrapped between sheets of cross-linked polyethylene foam for attachment to automobile doors, quarter panels, instrument panels, pillars and other interior panels.
Individuals in the market for an automobile consider the aesthetic characteristics and safety features of the vehicle to be important factors in the car buying decision. In response, the automobile industry has been striving to improve the overall appearance of automobiles, including automobile trim assemblies, while simultaneously enhancing the safety features. Consequently, there is a high demand for durable, decorative interior sub-assemblies which can be easily attached to interior vehicle surfaces and which serve to cushion interior vehicle surfaces.
It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to provide a durable, decorative trim assembly which can be easily attached to interior vehicle surfaces and provides vehicle surfaces with enhanced cushioning.
Other advantages and features will become apparent from the following specification taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.

Method of making an interior trim panel with entrapped fasteners


There is disclosed in one example a computing apparatus, including: a hardware platform; a network interface to communicatively couple to a bus lacking native support for authentication; and an anomaly detection engine to operate on the hardware platform and configured to: receive a first data stream across a first time; symbolize and approximate the first data stream, including computing a first window sum; receive a second data stream across a second time substantially equal in length to the first time, the second data stream including data across the plurality of dimensions from the first data stream; symbolize and approximate the second data stream, including computing a second window sum; compute a difference between the first window sum and the second window sum; determine that difference exceeds a threshold and that the correlation across the plurality of dimensions is broken; and flag a potential anomaly.

In some modern data centers, the function of a device or appliance may not be tied to a specific, fixed hardware configuration. Rather, processing, memory, storage, and accelerator functions may in some cases be aggregated from different locations to form a virtual "composite node." A contemporary network may include a data center hosting a large number of generic hardware server devices, contained in a server rack for example, and controlled by a hypervisor. Each hardware device may run one or more instances of a virtual device, such as a workload server or virtual desktop. Computing devices can also be hosted outside of a data center, such as individual computing devices, or special-purpose devices (e.g., those that control an automobile).

Anomaly detection in a controller area network


A pressure-sensitive grip measuring device 10 includes a handle 12 comprised of an electrically conductive splined core 22, a non-electrically conductive deformable material 28 disposed annularly around the splined core 22, a electrically conductive material 34 disposed annularly around the deformable material 28, and a protective material 36 disposed annularly around the electrically conductive material 34 and the entire handle in general. The device 10 also includes an electrically conductive shaft 14 connected to the splined core 22, and a case 16 housing a battery 18 and a user detectable indicator 20. An electrical circuit is formed in the device 10 such that a normally open switch is formed between the electrically conductive material 34 and the splined core 22. When excessive pressure is applied by a user to the handle 12 the switch is closed and the indicator 20 becomes active. Thus, the user is alerted when such excessive pressure is applied.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to hand grip instructional aids and, more particularly, to a device that indicates when a user is applying excessive pressure to a hand grip of a golf club, a tennis racket, or any number of other hand manipulated implements.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There are various sports which require an athlete to utilize a club or some other hand manipulated implement for swinging at a ball which is fixed at a stationary position in front of the athlete or else is rapidly advancing toward the athlete. An example of such a sport is golf, wherein the golfer utilizes a golf club to drive a stationary golf ball that is positioned either on a golf tee or on the ground in front of him. In other sports, such as tennis or baseball, the athlete utilizes a tennis racket or a baseball bat, respectively, for swinging at a rapidly approaching ball. In all of the above mentioned sports, and numerous others, it has been found that the athlete's grip on the associated athletic club plays an important role in the final direction and control of the ball.
To assist an athlete in developing a proper grip on an athletic club or other hand manipulated implement, several inventive efforts have been made. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,930,785, 4,103,896, 4,138,118, 3,897,058, 4,861,034 and 4,027,879, all address various methods of assisting an athlete in developing a proper grip. A brief description of these prior art devices is now given.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,930,785 (Mills) discloses a golf grip handle incorporating a battery operated electrical circuit that is activated in response to excessive grip pressure at a particular point along the handle. The electrical circuit is connected to a motor that produces vibrations in the handle so as to alert the user of the excessive grip pressure.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,103,896 (Lorang) discloses a golf club handle which includes a switch to be placed under the middle fingers of one of the user's hands to provide an output signal if excessive pressure is applied by those fingers. Typically, the switch is placed under the middle finger of the user's right hand to sense excessive pressure and to provide an output signal as a result of the excessive pressure.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,138,118 (Budney) discloses a strain gauge on a handle of a golf club to sense an applied pressure of a user's fingers on the handle. A plurality of strain gauges may be placed axially on the handle so that the pressure of the fingers at several locations on the handle may be sensed. The strain gauge(s) are connected to a pen recorder to record the output of the gauge(s) continuously during the user's golf swing. The apparatus requires a cord extending from the handle to the pen recorder which may be distracting to the user.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,897,058 (Koch) discloses a training aid apparatus for achieving a correct grip on a golf club, tennis racket, baseball bat, etc., that requires a pressure responsive grip. The apparatus includes a hollow handle connected to a pressure gauge so that the force of the user's hands can be sensed. The sensed pressure is remote from the user, and accordingly there is no sensation or output indication to the used while he or she is swinging. An instructor apparently observes the output pressure. Since the sensing is remote, the handle being gripped is connected to the pressure gauge by a cord, which may be distracting to the user.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,861,034 (Lee) discloses a golf grip training device that may be installed on a conventional golf club. The device includes an elongated pressure sensitive switch that is mounted to the underside of the golf club handle and that is responsive to a user's grip pressure. The switch is connected to a signalling device that is further mounted to the golf club which emits an audible signal when a predetermined grip pressure is exceeded.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,027,879 (Wright) discloses a tennis racket grip training device which operates upon a form of translation of pressure, whereby an excessive application of pressure to the tennis racket handle causes a partial disengagement of the handle from its connecting shaft, thereby producing both a visible and an audible indication of an improper hand grip.
Although all of the above-mentioned prior art devices provide various methods of assisting an athlete in developing a proper grip, none propose a device having a specific handle construction comprised of a conductive splined core, a deformable material disposed annularly around the splined core, and a conductive material disposed in a further annular relation around the deformable material so as to allow any portion of a user's grip on the handle to be sensed for excessive applied pressure by way of an electrical contact being made between the conductive splined core and the conductive material and to provide a user detectable indication thereof. Such a device would be desirable for training in the sports of golf, tennis, baseball, and numerous others where an athlete's grip plays an important role in his or her performance. It is therefore desirable to provide such a device and to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art devices in this area.

Pressure-sensitive grip measuring device


The present invention relates to an antibody composition which contains antibodies specific for glycophorin A, CD3, CD24, CD16, CD14, and optionally CD45RA, CD36, CD56, CD2, CD19, CD66a and/or CD66b. A process is also provided for enriching and recovering human hematopoietic progenitor cells and stem cells in a sample containing human hematopoietic differentiated, progenitor, and stem cells. The process involves reacting the sample with an antibody composition containing antibodies capable of binding to the antigens glycophorin A, CD3, CD24, CD16, and CD14, and optionally CD45RA, CD36, CD56, CD2, CD19, CD66a and/or CD66b under conditions so that cell conjugates are formed between the antibodies and differentiated cells having the antigens glycophorin A, CD3, CD24, CD16, and CD14, and optionally CD45RA, CD36, CD56, CD2, CD19, CD66a and/or CD66b on their surfaces. The cell conjugates are removed and a cell preparation is obtained which is enriched in human hematopoietic progenitor cells and stem cells. The invention also relates to kits for carrying out this process and to the cell preparations prepared by the process.

Blood cells have a relatively short life span and need to be replenished throughout life. In adults, blood cell formation or hematopoiesis takes place in the bone marrow, but blood-forming stem cells can also be found in peripheral blood. Hematopoietic cells represent a hierarchy of proliferating and differentiating cells. The most abundant are the differentiating or lineage committed cells. These cells have limited or no proliferative capacity and represent specialized end cells that are found in blood, and their immediate precursors.
The immediate precursors of the differentiating cells are the progenitor cells. Most of these cells are restricted to differentiate along a single lineage but they may have quite extensive proliferative capacity. Progenitor cells appear morphologically as blast cells, and they typically do not have specific features of the hematopoietic lineage to which they are committed.
Progenitor cells are derived from stem cells. Stem cells have been historically defined by their ability to self-renew as well as to generate daughter cells of any of the hematopoietic lineages. The presence of stem and progenitor cells may be detected by their ability to produce colony-forming cells in culture, They may also be detected by screening for the CD34 antigen which is a positive marker for early hematopoietic cells including colony forming cells and stern cells. At present, the long term culture initiating cell (LTCIC) assay appears to be the best way to detect stem cells, or at least the most primitive progenitor cells, using tissue culture methodologies.
There is a continued interest in developing stem cell purification techniques. Pure populations of stem cells will facilitate studies of hematopoiesis. Transplantation of hematopoietic cells from peripheral blood and/or bone marrow is also increasingly used in combination with high-dose chemo- and/or radiotherapy for the treatment of a variety of disorders including malignant, nonmalignant and genetic disorders. Very few cells in such transplants are capable of long-term hematopoietic reconstitution, and thus there is a strong stimulus to develop techniques for purification of hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, serious complications and indeed the success of a transplant procedure is to a large degree dependent on the effectiveness of the procedures that are used for the removal of cells in the transplant that pose a risk to the transplant recipient. Such cells include T lymphocytes that are responsible for graft versus host disease (GVHD) in allogenic grafts, and tumour cells in autologous transplants that may cause recurrence of the malignant growth.
Hematopoietic cells have been separated on the basis of physical characteristics such as density and on the basis of susceptibility to certain pharmacological agents which kill cycling cells. The advent of monoclonal antibodies against cell surface antigens has greatly expanded the potential to distinguish and separate distinct cell types. There are two basic approaches to separating cell populations from bone marrow and peripheral blood using monoclonal antibodies. They differ in whether it is the desired or undesired cells which are distinguished/labeled with the antibody(s). In positive selection techniques the desired cells are labeled with antibodies and removed from the remaining unlabeled/unwanted cells. In negative selection, the unwanted cells are labeled and removed. Antibody/complement treatment and the use of immunotoxins are negative selection techniques, but FACS sorting and most batch wise immunoadsorption techniques can be adapted to both positive and negative selection. In immunoadsorption techniques cells are selected with monoclonal antibodies and preferentially bound to a surface which can be removed from the remainder of the cells e,g. column of beads, flasks, magnetic particles. Immunoadsorption techniques have won favour clinically and in research because they maintain the high specificity of targeting cells with monoclonal antibodies, but unlike FACSorting, they can be scaled up to deal directly with the large numbers of cells in a clinical harvest and they avoid the dangers of using cytotoxic reagents such as immunotoxins, and complement.
Current positive selection techniques for the purification of hematopoietic stem cells target and isolate cells which express CD34 (approximately 1-2% of normal bone marrow) (Civin, C. I., Trischmann, T. M., Fackler, M. J., Bernstein, I. D., Buhring, H. J., Campos, L. et al. (1989) Report on the CD34 cluster workshop, In: Leucocyte typing IV, White Cell Differentiation Antigens. Knapp, W., Dorken, B., Gilks, W. R., Reiber, E. P., Schmidt, R. E., Stein, H., and Kr. von den Borne, AE.G Eds., Oxford University Press. Oxford, pp.818). Thus, the potential enrichment of hematopoietic stem cells using this marker alone is 50 fold. Available techniques typically recover 30-70% of the CD34.sup.+ cells in the start suspension and produce an enriched suspension which is 50-80% CD34.sup.+ (Ishizawa, L. et al., In: Hematopoietic Stem Cells: The Mulhouse Manual eds. Wunder, E., Sovalat, H. Henon, P., and Serke, S. AlphaMed Presa, Ohio pp171-182; Shpall, E. J., et al. (1994), J. of Clinical Oncology 12:28-36; Winslow, J. M., et al. (1994), Bone Marrow Transplantation 14:265-271; Thomas, T. E., (1994), Cancer Research, Therapy and Control 4(2):119-128). The positive selection procedures suffer from many disadvantages including the presence of materials such as antibodies and/or magnetic beads on the CD34.sup.+ cells, and damage to the cells resulting from the removal of these materials.
Negative selection has been used to remove minor populations of cells from clinical grafts. These cells are either T-cells or tumour cells that pose a risk to the transplant recipient. The efficiency of these purges varies with the technique and depends on the type and number of antibodies used. Typically, the end product is very similar to the start suspension, missing only the tumor cells or T-cells.
Transplants of purified stern cells without differentiated or lineage committed cells will give short and long-term hematopoietic support (Shpall, E. J., et al. (1994), J. of Clinical Oncology 12:28-36). Since differentiated cells make up a vast majority of the cells in bone marrow and blood, depletion of these cells produces a much smaller cell suspension. The number of cells in the final product and the degree of enrichment of progenitor/stem cells will depend on the efficiency of the antibody targeting and the removal of labeled cells.
There are several studies that enrich for hematopoietic stem cells by depleting lineage committed cells but all require a number of positive or negative selection steps to achieve the desired degree of enrichment (50 fold). Early studies required prior density separation and extensive incubations to remove adherent cells (Linch, D. C., and Nathan, D. G. (1984), Nature 312 20/27:775-777; Sieff, C. A., et al. (1985), Science 230:1171-1173; Kannourakis, G. and Bol, S. (1987) Exp. Hematol 15:1103-1108.). More recent techniques have not been simplified; involving density separation steps followed by two partial lineage depletions (Winslow, J. M., et al. (1994), Bone Marrow Transplantation 14:265-271) or a partial lineage depletion using panning or FACS followed finally by positive selection using FACS (Carlo-Stella et al. 1994, Blood 84, 10 supple.:104a; Reading, C., et al. (1994), Blood 84, 10supple.:399a). Most of these methods for lineage depletion lack effective antibody combinations against myeloid cells, erythrocytes and/or B-cells.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,087,570 describes a process for preparing a hematopoietic cell composition using a combination of positive and negative selection, The process relies on the use of antibody to the Sca-1 antigen which is associated with murine clonogenic bone marrow precursors of thymocytes and progeny T-cells. The Sca-1 antibody is not useful in isolating human hematopoietic cells.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,137,809 describes a method and kit for identifying and analyzing lineages and maturational stages in normal hematopoietic cells. The method uses a first monoclonal antibody labeled with a fluorochrome to react with all leukocytes in a sample, and a second monoclonal antibody labeled with a second fluorochrome to react with a subpopulation of leukocytes.

Methods for preparing enriched human hematopoietic cell preparations


A molded product includes a receiving member in a body. A coupling component such as a female screw component is embedded in the receiving member. A connecting piece is formed continuous to the body and the receiving member based on integral molding. The connecting piece extends to the receiving member from the body inside a bore formed in the body. The connecting piece may form a single flat plate in the molded product, so that a general cutting device can be utilized to cut through the connecting piece in a facilitated manner. The receiving member can be removed from the body without any difficulty. The receiving member can be separated from the body.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a molded product comprising a body and a female screw component such as an insert nut embedded in the body.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Kinds of molded products are employed in a recording disk drive such as a magnetic tape library apparatus. The molded products are made of a synthetic resin material, for example. Female screw components such as insert nuts are embedded in the body of the molded product. The female screw components cooperate with male screws to attach predetermined members or components on the molded product. The female screw components are made of a metallic material such as steel, aluminum, brass, or the like.
The female screw components are placed in a die at predetermined positions in the process of making the molded product. A synthetic resin material is then injected into the die. The synthetic resin material thereafter gets solidified. The female screw components are thus embedded in the molded product. The female screw components cannot be removed from the molded product. It is very troublesome and time-consuming to separate the female screw components from the body of the molded product when one intends to throw out the molded product.

Molded product including coupling component incorporated in receiving member