A computer blade for a rackable server includes a chassis that can be inserted into the rackable server along a reference axis, the chassis including two longitudinal faces and at least one transverse face; two lever arms, each lever arm being fixed to the chassis through a pivot link such that each lever arm is capable of pivoting relative to the transverse face between a lock position in which the lever arm extends parallel to the transverse face and a release position in which the lever arm forms an angle from the transverse face, each lever arm including a first end with at least one transverse tab projecting from one of the longitudinal faces of the chassis when the lever arm is in its lock position, the two lever arms being fixed to each other through a sliding pivot link.

Rackable servers usually comprise several racks or slots inside which computer blades may be inserted. U.S. Pat. No. 7,684,208 discloses such a rackable server. This rackable server comprises a locking system capable of retaining each computer blade in the rack in which it is inserted. This locking system also comprises a lever that a user can use to handle the computer blade and particularly to insert it into the rack and to remove it. However, the levers according to prior art are incapable of manipulating large or heavy computer blades. In particular, levers according to prior art cannot be used to handle computer blades with a hydraulic cooling system because the connection forces are too high.
Furthermore, when the computer blade is being inserted into the rack in the rackable server, the connectors of the computer blades must be inserted into the sockets of the rackable server. However, levers according to prior art cannot enable correct insertion of the computer blade connectors without the computer blade becoming jammed when the connection force is applied too far from the pivot point of the lever.


A method and system for processing calls in a telecommunications system using fiber extender loops providing a local micro network. Calls originating from subscribers within the local micro network to subscribers that are also provided service within the local micro network are processed and connected by a location base station within the local micro network.

Wireless radio frequency communications has enabled truly mobile telecommunication service and extended communication service into areas that may otherwise be difficult to reach with conventional wire line based telecommunications infrastructure. For instance, various forms of mobile wireless communications such as CDMA, GSM, TDMA have proliferated worldwide in the last decade. Further, fixed location wireless services promise to economically bring telecommunications to areas of the world where the cost of installing a wire-based telecommunication switching infrastructure would be prohibitively high.
Certain geographic service areas, however, present a challenge for providing wireless service. Electromagnetic signals propagating at the radio frequencies ("RF") typically used for wireless communications have difficulty penetrating obstacles such as mountains, valleys, buildings, or simply long distances. Other forms of interference may make providing reliable wireless services a challenge. The interior of buildings and other areas near tall buildings and earthen obstacles may be difficult to reach with service or have dead spots within the coverage area.
Fiber optic links can be used to extend wireless communication service into areas which would be difficult for wireless signals to reach. Transmitting RF over fiber allows radio signals used for wireless communications to be carried to wireless access points which can be placed in areas that would otherwise be difficult for wireless services to reach such as a campus of buildings, large parking structures, enclosed shopping malls, tunnels, underground transportation complexes, etc. Fiber provides high speed, high isolation and immunity to electrical interference, plus low loss for spanning distances without the need for repeaters, amplifiers or other costly equipment. By transmitting RF signal over a fiber optic link, wireless signals can be economically extended into areas without the cost of installing conventional wire-based telecommunications switching infrastructure.
The RF-to-fiber interface is also easily provided with low cost equipment and fiber provides high bandwidth and transmission capacity. RF over fiber extender links or loops are typically interfaced directly with conventional wireless base stations (BS) providing wireless service, further leveraging existing infrastructure and reducing the cost of providing service.
Relying on existing wireless base stations to interface fiber links, however, may not be an efficient manner of handling calls on a fiber link. For instance, using the fiber link to simply extend the wireless network requires the conventional wireless base stations to still process all call traffic from the fiber extender link. Even local call traffic initiated from and terminated between stations entirely within the same extender loop is connected through the wireless base station, even though the call does not need to be connected through the base station. Such call routing raises issues with network capacity and equipment costs.
By providing equipment capable of switching wireless calls on the fiber link, efficiencies in call processing may be realized. Thus, there is a need to better provide equipment capable of processing and handling calls transported on fiber links.

Method and system for processing calls within a local micro network


Device for carrying out optical measurements in turbid media (105), e.g. biological tissue (119), comprising a coherent light source (150), a modulator (101) to modulate the frequency of the light source (150) and a detector (108), being sensitive to a small band of the modulated light frequencies of the light source. Light source (104) and detector (107) are placed opposite each other in a turbid medium (105). Because the behavior of the transmission of the FM-modulated light in the medium can be described by means of a travelling wave the detector shows different amplitudes and phases of the FM-modulation as a function of the distance to the light source. From the measured amplitudes and phases characteristics of the turbid medium can be derived. By applying two groups of light sources and the modulation of one group of light sources is in phase opposition with the other group of light sources it is possible to detect objects in the turbid medium. The device offers possibilities as a diagnostic tool for biological tissue, e.g. detection of tumors in mammal tissue.

1. Field of Invention
The invention relates to a device for carrying out optical measurements in turbid media, including at least one coherent light source, a detector unit and a control unit.
The invention also relates to a method of measuring biological tissues by irradiating the tissue by light from at least one light source.
The invention also relates to a method of determining inhomogeneities in biological tissues by irradiating the tissue by light from a plurality of light sources.
2. Description of the Related Art
A device of the kind set forth is known from M. A. O'Leary et al., Physical Review Letters, Vol. 69, No 18, November 1992.
The known device is used to study the propagation of diffuse light in turbid media with the object of developing applications for the localization of objects in turbid media. A turbid medium is to be understood to mean a medium in which the transport of light energy density can be described essentially by the diffusion equation. It has been found that an amplitude-modulated laser source generates a travelling wave of the light energy density in a turbid medium. These waves are referred to as photon density waves. Photon density waves are scalar, damped travelling waves. Even though the waves are quickly attenuated, they have a defined wavelength, amplitude and phase at all points in the medium. A diffusion coefficient for light in the turbid medium and an absorption coefficient in the turbid medium can be determined from the amplitude and the phase. In a biomedical environment the described technique offers possibilities in respect of imaging of inhomogeneities in objects, for example small breast tumors.
It is a drawback of the known device that only one photon density wave is generated in the light source.

Device for and method of carrying out optical measurements in turbid media


A zeolite and an organic binder are mixed with a solvent to form a paste (302). The paste is then cast or molded (304) into the desired shape. A portion of the solvent is allowed to evaporate from the paste, hardening the getter (306). Getters are often formed in sheets and cut (308) into individual pieces, called dibs, after the sheets have hardened. Even after the getter is hardened, significant amounts of solvent are retained by the getter. The getter is exposed to water vapor which displaces (310) the solvent from the getter. After the solvent is removed, the getter is dried (312) to remove additional water vapor. Because the water vapor does not bind as tightly to the zeolite getter, the water vapor is removed much easier than the solvent. The water may be removed by allowing the getter to dry naturally, or by a vacuum bake process.

Micromechanical devices are small structures typically fabricated on a semiconductor wafer using techniques such as optical lithography, doping, metal sputtering, oxide deposition, and plasma etching which have been developed for the fabrication of integrated circuits. Micromirror devices are a type of micromechanical device. Other types of micromechanical devices include accelerometers, pressure and flow sensors, gears and motors. While some micromechanical devices, such as pressure sensors, flow sensors, and micromirrors have found commercial success, other types have not yet been commercially viable.
Micromirror devices are primarily used in optical display systems. In display systems, the micromirror is a light modulator that uses digital image data to modulate a beam of light by selectively reflecting portions of the beam of light to a display screen. While analog modes of operation are possible, micromirrors typically operate in a digital bistable mode of operation and as such are the core of the first true digital full-color image projection systems.
Micromirrors, and other contacting types of micromechanical systems, typically require some sort of lubrication system to prevent static friction, often referred to as stiction, from preventing proper operation of the device. Micromechanical systems also typically require a getter to collect water vapor and other contaminants that enter the package. The water vapor can attach to the surface of the device and result in van der Waals forces which prevent movement of the micromechanical device. Care must be exercised in the manufacture of getters to prevent the getters from introducing contaminants into the micromechanical device package.
Methods of quickly producing clean getters are needed to support volume production of micromechanical systems.


A method for producing a novel yeast and mold inhibiting products (FIC) from a Lactobacillus, particularly a Lactobacillus casei having the yeast and mold producing characteristics of Lactobacillus casei var. rhamnosus NRRL-B-15972 is described. The products (FIC) are particularly useful in retarding yeast and mold growth in foods and other materials in need thereof.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to yeast and mold (fungus) inhibiting products produced by Lactobacillus species, particularly a Lactobacillus casei having the essential identification characteristics of Lactobacillus casei var. rhamnosus NRRL-B-15972. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for producing the products and to their use in preventing yeast and mold growth in foods and other materials.
2. Prior Art
Various substances are produced by microorganisms which are antimicrobial in character.
Lactobacillus are known to produce metabolic products that are antibacterial and allow them to compete more effectively in certain environments. It is not believed to be known that lactobacilli produce any separately isolatable metabolic products which inhibit yeast and mold.

Process for producing yeast and mold inhibiting products with lactobacillus


In a freeze reset circuit in a semiconductor memory device, when a row act signal is not activated in a predetermined period determined by a trailing edge delay circuit after a chip enable signal is set to the H level during a write or read operation, a freeze reset signal is output from a logic gate after a predetermined period. As a result, the semiconductor memory device terminates the write or read operation. Therefore, the semiconductor memory device can ensure the stability of the write or read operation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor memory device, and particularly to a dynamic semiconductor memory device capable of performing a refresh operation independently of input signals from the outside (which will be referred to as a "complete-hidden-refresh-function-included DRAM" hereinafter).
2. Description of the Background Art
In a field of portable terminals such as mobile phones, there is widely adopted an asynchronous general-purpose static semiconductor memory device (which will be referred to as a "SRAM" hereinafter) for which external clocks need not be supplied. In the SRAM, the refresh operation is unnecessary. Therefore, the memory can be accessed without having to wait until the refresh cycle finishes, and a complex control thereof is not needed. Thus, the system configuration can be simplified by using the SRAM. For this reason, the SRAM was suitable for use with the portable terminal.
Recently, however, the function of the portable terminal has been improved significantly, and even the portable terminal comes to require a large-capacity memory function. The SRAM has a memory cell size which is about 10 times larger than that of a dynamic semiconductor memory device (which will be referred to as a "DRAM" hereinafter). Thus, the cost for a chip will significantly be increased to make an SRAM with large capacity. For this reason, there has been an idea to use the DRAM having a lower cost per unit bit of memory in place of the SRAM in the portable terminal.
The DRAM, however, requires a complex memory control for performing the refresh operation. For portable-terminal manufacturers that have been engaged in design of systems using SRAMs as memories, it is therefore not easy to use DRAMs as substitutive memories of SRAMs.
Under these circumstances, each semiconductor manufacturer has begun the development of a new semiconductor memory device which is the DRAM in nature but operates as the SRAM externally. This new semiconductor memory device is reported in the publication of Kazuhiro Sawada, IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, Vol. 23, No. 1, February 1998, (pp.12–19).
For this new semiconductor memory device, the same internal memory cells as those used in the DRAM are used. On the other hand, external interfaces such as control signals and address signals input to the semiconductor memory device are the same as those of the SRAM. Different from the refresh operation or self-refresh operation of the conventional DRAM, the refresh operation of the new semiconductor memory device is not controlled by signals received from the outside. Rather, the refresh operation is performed based on a refresh command signal /REFE periodically output from a refresh circuit provided within the semiconductor memory device. The refresh circuit includes a timer circuit which is a ring oscillator, and outputs the refresh command signal /REFE in response to a cycle signal periodically output from the timer circuit. The timer circuit continuously outputs the cycle signal.
Based on that function, the new semiconductor memory device as described above will be referred to as a "complete-hidden-refresh-function-included DRAM". The development of the complete-hidden-refresh function-included DRAM enables an adaptation to a higher-performance portable terminal.
The complete-hidden-refresh-function-included DRAM selects an operation state or a standby state by an external signal. The operation state is a state in which a write or read operation can be performed. The standby state is a state in which the write or read operation is not performed. It is to be noted that, the refresh operation is performed regardless of the standby state or the operation state.
In normal operation, the write or read operation is performed in the operation state. There may be a situation, however, wherein the write or read operation is still performed when the operation state is terminated by a signal from the outside. In such situation, if the write or read operation is terminated because of the termination of the operation state, the accurate write or read operation will not be possible.

Semiconductor memory device having control circuit


The present invention relates to an airplane structure stiffener repair method based on measured data guidance. The method includes: respectively measuring point cloud data on a surface of a structure stiffener and point cloud data on a surface of a to-be-assembled position of a body; respectively extracting all assembly plane features in two point cloud data based on an RANSAC algorithm; performing pre-alignment according to the plane features; performing accurate alignment based on a signed distance constraint according to repair tolerance requirements; and calculating a repair allowance, and generating a machining path to serve as an accurate machining basis. According to the method in the present invention, a repair amount can be accurately calculated by virtue of an alignment algorithm of the signed distance constraint, and an envelope relationship during model matching is met.

Part of an airplane is increasingly aged during use, and cracks of an important bearing component of the airplane are obviously increased. Since each airplane has differences in a crack state and a body structure, such as crack part, crack length and structural deformation, appearances of needed structure stiffeners have differences. Meanwhile, due to reasons such as different manufacturing batches and different usage states of the airplane, structure sizes in the same region also have differences. To facilitate production organization, the airplane is manufactured, stored and constructed according to a large-size stiffening scheme at present. For the above reasons, stiffener appearances should be accurately repaired in an airplane repair process. However, a manual machining manner is mainly adopted in the current repair process, and problems of uncontrollability and long period exist.

Airplane structure stiffener repair method based on measured data

NANJING UNIVERSITY OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS


A system and method are provided for providing non-disruptive diagnostics between a first device and a second device in communication through a virtual circuit of a frame relay network. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the method defines a diagnostic channel by assigning it a unique channel address, transmits a test command from the first device to the second device across the unique channel address, monitors the unique channel address for a response to the test command, and then evaluates the response to determine whether it reflects a fault in the virtual circuit. In accordance with one embodiment, the test command could be a pattern message, a connectivity request, a start send pattern command, a start loopback command, a start monitor pattern command, and a start send pattern command. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, a number of differing test commands, patterns, and sequences could be employed, consistent with the concepts and teachings of the present invention, which provides for such testing to be conducted over a dedicated logical channel and, therefore, non-disruptively of the other data and channels multiplexed in the single virtual circuit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to frame relay networks, and more particularly to a system and method for testing end-to-end connections of a virtual circuit across a frame relay network, without disrupting other user traffic being channeled across the same virtual circuit.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Modem communications networks often include a number of paths or links that are interconnected to route voice, video, and data (hereinafter collectively referred to as "data") traffic from one location of the network to another. At each location, an interconnect node couples a plurality of source nodes and destination nodes to the network. In some cases, the sources and destinations are incorporated in a private line network that may include a series of offices connected together by leased-lines with switching facilities and transmission equipment owned and operated by the carrier or service provider and leased to the user. This type of network is conventionally referred to as a circuit-switching network. Accordingly, a source node of one office at one location of the network may transmit data to a destination node of a second office located at another location of the network through their respective switching facilities.
At any given location, a large number of source nodes may desire to communicate through their respective switching facilities, or interconnect node, to destination nodes at various other locations of the network, the data traffic from the various source nodes is first multiplexed through the source switching facility, then demultiplexed at the destination switching facility and finally delivered to the proper destination node. A variety of techniques for efficiently multiplexing data from multiple source nodes onto a single circuit of the network are presently employed in private line networks. For instance, time division multiplexing ("TDM") affords each source node full access to the allotted bandwidth of the circuit for a small amount of time. The circuit is divided into defined time segments, with each segment corresponding to a specific source node, to provide for the transfer of data from those source nodes, when called upon, through the network.
Other data communications systems, in contrast, have not been as successful employing multiplexing techniques to enhance network efficiency further. In particular, frame-relay networks offer far fewer alternatives than their circuit-switching network counterparts. Frame-relay networks are often referred to as packet-switching networks. Packet-switching networks, as opposed to circuit-switching networks, allow multiple users to share data network facilities and bandwidth rather than providing a specific amount of dedicated bandwidth to each user, as in TDM. Instead, packet switches divide bandwidth into connectionless, virtual circuits. As is known, virtual circuit bandwidth is consumed only when data are actually transmitted. Otherwise, the bandwidth is not used. In this way, packet-switching networks essentially mirror the operation of a statistical multiplexer (whereby multiple logical users share a single network access circuit).
One problem, however, with such traditional virtual circuits relates to the throughput efficiency in frame-relay and other packet-switching networks. For instance, a one-to-one correspondence exists between applications and frame-relay virtual circuits, there being no inherent mechanism in today's frame-relay standards for transporting end-to-end data management. Internet Engineering Task Force Request for Comments ("IETF RFC") 1490 "Multiprotocol Interconnect Over Frame Relay," herein incorporated by reference, provides the ability to multiplex protocols, but forces the equation of a protocol to a single logical channel on a given virtual circuit. Additionally, IETF RFC 1490 protocol headers must appear on every single frame transmitted over the circuit, without exception.
The circuit and method of related U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/557,873, filed on Nov. 14, 1995, and entitled Circuit and Method for Multiplexing a Frame-Relay Virtual Circuit and Frame-Relay System Having Multiplexed Virtual Circuits discloses a system and method for providing end-to-end data management over a single frame-relay virtual circuit of the network. Briefly, the circuit of the system includes: (1) a logical channel creation circuit for designating a channel flag and first and second headers to be associated with frames relayed via first and second logical channels over the single frame-relay virtual circuit, respectively and (2) a multiplexer for associating frames of first and second data streams with the first and second logical channels, respectively, by inserting the channel flag and second header into each frame of the second data stream and the first header into only frames of the first data stream for which the associated flags match the channel flag, the first and second logical channels thereby allowed to be multiplexed over the single frame-relay virtual circuit, ones of the frames of the first data stream free of the first header to reduce an overhead of the multiplexing circuit. Judicious choice of the channel flag allows the first data stream to be relatively free of additional overhead, while the second data stream bears the bulk of the additional overhead.
In a preferred embodiment of the system disclosed therein, the multiplexing circuit is adapted to operate in a virtual secondary channel mode wherein the logical channel creation circuit designates the first and second logical channels as primary and secondary channels, respectively, the first data stream subject to a more stringent performance requirement than the second data stream. In the virtual secondary channel mode, the multiplexing circuit allows the single frame-relay virtual circuit to relay the secondary channel. The primary channel may be employed, for instance, to carry user traffic, while the secondary channel may be employed, for instance, to carry management traffic.
While the system and method of this prior frame-relay management system provides an effective way to multiplex logical communication channels across a single virtual circuit, further improvements are still desired. Namely, a manner of providing non-disruptive diagnostics across a single virtual circuit.

System and method for performing non-disruptive diagnostics through a frame relay circuit


A method of controlling an audio system includes generating a situation response model for a situation parameter, determining a situation parameter value, and at least one of (1) providing an audio system output as a function of the situation response model and the situation parameter value and (2) receiving an audio system input as a function of the situation response model and the situation parameter value.

Some vehicles may comprise an audio system configured to provide audio output. In some cases, situational noise may interfere with effective reception of the audio output. Similarly, some vehicles may comprise an audio system configured to selectively receive audio input as a function of a microphone receiving a sound level in excess of a sound level threshold. In some cases, the sound level threshold may undesirably be exceeded by situational noise.


A feeding apparatus provides a base; a movable body elongated in a longitudinal direction orthogonal to a moving direction of the movable body on the base; a pair of linear guide devices arranged on the base in parallel with each other, for guiding the movable body in the moving direction; a linear drive device mounted on the base for moving the movable body along the linear guide device; and an attitude stabilizing device mounted on the base for restraining a yawing motion of the movable body, the attitude stabilizing device including at least one transmission member, first and second fastening points formed in the movable body for fixing the transmission member, the first and second fastening points being separated from each other in the longitudinal direction, and first and second direction-changing devices mounted on the base and separated from each other in the moving direction. Each of the first and second direction-changing devices turns the transmission member around to be fastened at the first and second fastening points, respectively.

The present invention relates to a feeding apparatus, and more particularly to a feeding apparatus which is able to restrain a yawing motion of a movable body, which is elongated in the direction at a right angle to the moving direction thereof, with a simple mechanism.
An example of the conventional feeding apparatus is disclosed in Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. Hei. 5-92376. The feeding apparatus, as shown in FIG. 15, is a two-dimensional motion mechanism formed of various components assembled onto a base 100. In the feeding apparatus, a pair of X-axis guides 114a and 114b are arranged in parallel while being extended in the X-axial direction. A pair of Y-axis guides 126a and 126b are arranged in parallel while being extended in the direction at an angle to the X-axis direction. An X-axis slider guide 130 is disposed between the Y-axis guides 126a and 126b while being extended in the X-axis direction, and is movable along the Y-axis guides 126a and 126b in the Y-axis direction. A Y-axis slider guide 118 is arrayed between the X-axis guides 114a and 114b while being extended in the Y-axis direction, and is movable along the X-axis guides 114a and 114b in the X-axis direction.
A slider 142 is movable in the X- and Y-axis directions while being guided by the X-axis slider guide 130 and the Y-axis slider guide 118. Drive mechanisms 134, 136, 138 and 140 are provided for moving the slider 142 in the X- and Y-axis directions. An X-axis restraining device is mounted for restraining a slant of the X-axis slider guide 130 to the X-axis direction. A Y-axis restraining device is mounted for restraining a slant of the Y-axis slider guide 118 to the Y-axis direction.
The X-axis restraining device includes X-axis racks 112a and 112b, a Y-axis rod 120, and pinion gears 122a and 122b mounted at both ends of the rod. The Y-axis restraining device includes Y-axis racks 124a and 124b, an X-axis rod 132, and pinion gears 133a and 133b mounted on both ends of the rod. Those restraining devices restrain angular displacements of the slider 142 in the yawing direction when it is moved in the X- and Y-axis directions while being guided by the X-axis rod 132 and the Y-axis rod 120.
The two-dimensional motion mechanism as the conventional feeding apparatus has the following disadvantages:
1) Heavy members are used for the Y-axis rod 120 of the Y-axis restraining device and the X-axis rod 132 of the X-axis restraining device. The inertia of those heavy members forms an additional load to the drive mechanism. PA0 2) The mechanism is complicated, and requires a large number of the component parts. This leads to increase of the cost to manufacture. PA0 3) If flat belts, wires or the like are used in place of the rack-pinion mechanism or the timing belts for restraining angular displacements of the Y-axis rod 120 of the Y-axis restraining device and the X-axis rod 132 of the X-axis restraining device, then a slip of those rods 132 and 120 occurs. In this state, the drive force is improperly transmitted.

Feeding appparatus capable of restraining a yawing motion


Embodiments of computer-implemented methods, systems, computing devices, and computer-readable media (transitory and non-transitory) are described herein for analyzing execution of a plurality of executable instructions and, based on the analysis, providing an indication of a benefit to be obtained by vectorization of at least a subset of the plurality of executable instructions. In various embodiments, the analysis may include identification of the subset of the plurality of executable instructions suitable for conversion to one or more single-instruction multiple-data (“SIMD”) instructions.

The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure. Unless otherwise indicated herein, the approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims in the present disclosure and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Support for vectorized instructions, such as single instruction, multiple data ("SIMD") instructions, is expanding in computing architectures. However, the percentage of computer code that is vectorized (e.g., converted to SIMD) to take advantage of this expansion remains low. While tools exist to analyze source code for vectorization opportunities, source code may not always be available, and in some instances only non-human-readable, readily-executable instructions such as binary instructions (e.g., machine code) and/or bytecode are available.

Analyzing potential benefits of vectorization


An airport light system is disclosed, which includes an airport guidance sign circuit, and an airport light installation coupled to the airport guidance sign circuit that includes a guidance sign component activated in an ON position of the airport guidance sign circuit and deactivated in an OFF position of the airport guidance sign circuit, a runway guard light component, a rechargeable battery coupled to the runway guard light, a battery charger for recharging the rechargeable battery, and the runway guard light component activated a) by the airport guidance sign circuit in the ON position of the airport guidance sign circuit, and b) by the rechargeable battery in the OFF position of the airport guidance sign circuit.

Modern airports incorporate specialized lighting systems including, for instance, runway touchdown zone lighting systems, runway centerline lighting systems, taxiway centerline lighting systems, and edge lighting systems. Edge lighting systems are important because they help to define runways and taxiways and inhibit pilots from inadvertently driving their airplanes off the designated runway and taxiway areas.
Two of the most important types of lighting fixtures of airport lighting systems are guidance signs, and runway guard lights. Guidance signs are used on airport taxiways to mark taxi routes and intersections. Guidance signs are provided in different colors, including black-on-yellow, yellow-on-black, or white-on-red. The color of a guidance sign depends on the application of the guidance sign as defined by applicable governing standards. A runway guard light is an elevated or in-pavement flashing yellow light fixture that provides distinctive warnings to pilots that they are approaching a runway holding position and are about to enter an active runway.
Guidance signs operate at night, and during periods of poor visibility, such as during bad weather and during foggy conditions. During daylight hours when visibility is not impaired due to poor weather conditions, the internal lighting of guidance signs is turned OFF in order to save on electrical and maintenance costs. Moreover, governing standards do not require guidance signs to be operational during daylight hours when visibility is not impaired due to poor weather conditions. However, runway guard lights must be operational at all times as required by applicable governing standards.
Guidance signs of airport lighting systems are wired electrically in series with a guidance sign circuit, which may include a dedicated guidance sign circuit, a taxiway edge circuit, or a runway edge light circuit. In order for the runway guard light to operate in times of good visibility when the runway edge or taxiway edge circuits are turned OFF, runway guard lights of airport lighting systems are also wired electrically in series with a runway guard light circuit. The electrical wiring of a guidance sign circuit providing electrical power to guidance signs is separate from the electrical wiring of the runway guard light circuit providing electrical power to the runway guard lights. This is important and currently required due to the different operational characteristics of guidance signs and runway guard lights. In particular, runway guard lights must not be turned off. Guidance signs can be turned OFF manually, such as by the air traffic controllers in the air traffic control center or tower, or automatically, such as by a timer or photocell. If runway guard lights were connected to the same electrical infrastructure as the guidance signs, the runway guard lights could accidentally be turned OFF due to operator error or a systematic error, which could lead to disastrous results.
Although it is important and currently necessary for guidance signs and runway guard lights to have their own electrical wiring infrastructure, wiring an airport with separate guidance sign and guard light electrical wiring infrastructures is very expensive, difficult, and time consuming. Also, the cost of the electricity required to constantly power runway guard lights is also very expensive.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


This disclosure provides lentiviral vectors containing an attachment incompetent fusogenic polypeptide and a heterologous targeting polypeptide. Also provided are lentiviral packaging constructs, lentiviral packaging systems, and lentiviral gene delivery systems. Finally, methods of transducing a cell and methods of targeting a gene to a cell or tissue using the disclosed lentiviral vectors and systems are also provided.

This application is based on, and claims the benefit of, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/441,843, filed Jan. 21, 2003, entitled COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR TISSUE SPECIFIC TARGETING OF LENTIVIRUS VECTORS, which is incorporated herein by reference.
This invention was made with government support under grant numbers HL-53670 and AI-48034 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The United States Government has certain rights in this invention.
This invention relates generally to methods of gene transfer and, more specifically to retroviral vectors that are specific for target cells.
Gene therapy approaches rely on efficient transfer of genes to the desired target cells. A wide variety of viral and nonviral vectors have been developed and evaluated for their efficiency of transduction, sustained expression of the transgene, and safety. Nonviral methods are inefficient and only attain a transient expression of the transgene. Viral vectors fail to achieve a satisfactory combination of efficacy of gene transfer, sustained transgene expression, and biosafety. For example, adenoviral vectors can allow highly efficient delivery of the transgene in most tissues in vivo, but expression is transient, primarily due to induction of an immune response against the transduced cells. Vectors derived from oncoretroviruses, such as the Moloney leukemia virus (MLV), exhibit characteristics favorable for sustained transgene expression and biosafety because they integrate the transgene in the genome of the target cells without transferring any viral gene. However, oncoretroviruses are severely restricted in their potential targets, as they can only transduce proliferating target cells that divide shortly after infection. Consequently, oncoretroviral vectors are limited to gene transfer in nondividing cells or employed in demanding ex vivo protocols of gene transfer. Furthermore, transcriptional shutoff of the transgene after in vivo reimplantation of the transduced cells can occur.
Lentivirus vectors based on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been developed that can transduce nondividing cells both in vitro and in vivo. Such vectors can stably integrate into the host cell genome to effect long-term expression of the transgene and are free from significant cellular or humoral immune responses demonstrating their utility as delivery vehicles for genes in vivo or in vitro. As the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), safety in the use of lentiviral vectors has been enhanced through a variety of molecular engineering designs that inhibit the generation of replication-competent vectors through fortuitous recombination of vector gene components. Such engineering designs include removal of accessory genes which play a role in virulence, removal of trans-acting factors for transcription, the generation of self-inactivating vectors, separating the packaging signals from the functions required for vector production and splitting the packaging functions into multiple components. However, spectrum of infectivity of lentiviral vectors is limited to the tropism of their native envelope glycoproteins or to heterologous envelope proteins that transduce the same target cells as oncoretrovirus or other viral vectors used in gene delivery methods. Therefore, the ability to target nondividing cells, in general, and to target particular types and subclasses of nondividing cells, specifically, has been limited.
Thus, there exists a need for compositions that confer specific targeting capabilities onto lentiviral vectors and for methods of employing such vectors for the specific targeting of a therapeutic gene of interest. The present invention satisfies these needs and provides related advantages as well.

Compositions and methods for tissue specific targeting of lentivirus vectors

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies


The invention is a hermetically sealed compact. The compact has a base with a compartment having an open end and a cover pivotably connected to the base so that the cover is movable from an open position to a closed position with respect to the base. A tray is slidably disposed within the compartment in the base for limited vertical movement and the tray has a peripheral wall with an upper sized and shaped top surface. An operatively associated seal assembly between the cover and the base includes a sealing member such as a sized and shaped gasket is provided to match and mate with the upper sized and shaped top surface of the peripheral wall of the tray to form a hermetic seal therewith when the cover is moved to the closed position. A latch assembly is provided to releasably secure the cover to the base and to move the sealing assembly to form the hermetic seal. The tray coacts with a resilient member within the compartment for normally urging the tray upwardly to maintain the hermetic seal when the cover is in the closed position. The latch assembly include protrusions and coacting caming members operative to break the hermetic seal and to enable the cover to move to the open position.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to containers with hermetic seals and more particularly to a compact for holding, retaining and hermetically sealing spoilable cosmetics, make-up and the like pastes, powders and granular materials therein when the compact is in the closed position which includes, an improved seal assembly for establishing the airtight environment for such materials, and a latch assembly for coacting with the seal assembly and for opening and closing the compact, so operatively connected in the compact as to break the hermetic seal during opening of the compact.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The broad concept of a hermetically sealed compact is known in the art. Additionally, it is known in the art to provide a hermetically sealed compact having a spring arrangement beneath a tray within the base for the compact which acts to bias the tray upwardly against the inner surface of the cover of the compact when the cover is in the closed position, and a latch for releasably securing the cover to the base and for maintaining the cover in the closed position. It is also known that an airtight environment can be established by forcing a relatively soft substance such as a rubber O-ring against a hard surface.
These features are shown in various patents such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,054,004 and 4,781,288 and European Patent Publication No. 562,965 A1.
Thus, in Pat. No. '004, a vanity case is disclosed for preventing powder contained therein from escaping. The vanity case illustrated has a casing assembly defining a compartment and a coacting cover pivotably connected to the casing, a receptacle for the powder is slidably mounted for limited floating movement in the compartment formed in the casing. The receptacle has a peripheral wall, the upper surface of which is urged into sealing engagement with the inner face of the cover by a resilient member which coacts with the tray to move it upward as the cover is pivoted to the closed position. The compact may have a sealing gasket between the inner face of the cover and the upper face of the peripheral wall of the tray to form a substantially airtight seal to prevent powder escaping from the receptacle when the vanity case is in the closed position. A conventional latch assembly releases and secures the cover from the open to the closed position and coacts with and helps maintain the airtight seal.
In Pat. No. '288 a container having a base and a coacting cover is illustrated for retaining and hermetically sealing condoms using a resilient O-ring disposed in an annular groove in the upper or top surface of the perimeter of the base which coacts with the inner surface of the cover when the cover is in the closed position. A conventional latch acts to release and secure the cover so it can move from the open to the closed position.
European Patent Publication No. 562,965 A1 discloses a hermetically sealed compact having a base defining a compartment having an open end for cosmetics and make-up, an annular perimeter formed by the base about the compartment having an upper surface, and a coacting cover having an annular elastic assembly affixed to the inner surface of the cover. The hermetic seal is created when the cover is moved to the closed position whereby the annular elastic assembly is urged into sealing engagement with the upper surface of the annular perimeter on the base.
None of the prior art patents provide adequately secure and durable sealing means nor do they show a resilient assembly on the inner face of the cover for mating engagement with the upper face of the perimeter of a slidable tray in the base of the compact shown when the cover is in the closed position. The hermetically sealed compact in accordance with the present invention has a sealing assembly which is established by sealing elements on the operatively associated inner face of the cover and the upper face of the peripheral wall of a slidable tray in the base for the compact, which sealing assembly and upper face of the peripheral wall are precisely sized and shaped for interengagement and mating relation.
The present invention also provides an improved latch assembly which acts to maintain the hermetic seal formed by the sealing assembly and upper face of the peripheral wall and operates to break the hermetic seal formed by the sealing assembly when the latch is moved to enable the cover to pivot from the closed to the open position.


A robotic manipulator has a robotic controller that includes a programmable logic controller (PLC). The PLC can be configured to receive a planned motion path having a first path segment and an abort segment. The first path segment can be associated with a path to be followed by a joint of the robotic manipulator and is queued before the abort segment associated with the first path segment. The abort segment can be indicative of a path segment that in response to execution results in aborting an operation of the joint of the robotic manipulator. The PLC can be configured to validate the planned motion path based on an analysis of at least the first path segment and the abort segment. Further, upon successful validation of the planned motion path, the PLC can be configured to initiate execution of the first path segment by the joint of the robotic manipulator.

Robotic tools are widely used in industrial applications such as, material handling, machine tending, part assembling, and/or for a variety of other purposes. Robotic tools can comprise robotic manipulators that can comprise one or more motors and/or electrical drives which assists in enabling several degrees of freedom in movement of one or more mechanical components (e.g. joints, guides, actuators, control valves, and/or the like) of the robotic manipulators. The robotic manipulators may comprise an end effector that facilitates in manipulating items, (e.g., picking, gripping, moving, repositioning, reorienting, and/or replacing items). In robotic systems, operations of the mechanical components, e.g., end effectors of the robotic manipulators, are usually controlled by a computing device such as an external PC or a robotic controller associated with the robotic manipulators. In some cases, a robotic controller can perform path planning and execution of the robotic manipulator by defining rules for movement of the mechanical components of the robotic manipulators. In this regard, the robotic controller can comprise path planners or path generators, that generates path that defines motion and control of the robotic manipulator to facilitate various types of path movements (e.g. point-to-point path, controlled path, and/or continuous path movement) of respective mechanical components. Equipment that employ path planning and execution of the robotic manipulators, can be found in various industrial systems such as manufacturing, assembling, packaging and other capacities.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses, for path planning and execution in a robotic system


To operate a steplessly adjustable camshaft control device, particularly reliably and safely, an adaptation of the camshaft and the crankshaft is performed so that a phase angle (actual value) of the camshaft to the crankshaft is determined, the phase angle is monitored while operating the internal combustion engine and the camshaft control device is controlled as a function of a variable setpoint value so that the phase angle is equivalent to the setpoint value.

German Patent Publication No. 199 29 393 refers to a method for controlling a device for varying the valve timing of an internal combustion engine, especially a camshaft control device having an hydraulically releasable starting quantity locking device. In this context, the camshaft control device is designed as a hydraulic phasing device which has a first component that is rotatably fixed to the camshaft and a second component that is in driving connection to the crankshaft. In this context, in the case of a so-called impeller advance device, the component fixed to the crankshaft is connected in a force-transmitting manner to the component fixed to the camshaft via at least one hydraulic working chamber. The at least one hydraulic working chamber is subdivided by an adjusting element inside the device into a so-called
A pressure chamber and a so-called B pressure chamber. Each of these pressure chambers is connected to a controllable and/or regulatable hydraulic valve by way of a hydraulic line. The hydraulic valve, in turn, is connected to a control unit via a data line. Engine oil, for example, is used as the hydraulic fluid, which is put under pressure, during the operation of the internal combustion engine, using an oil pump, in such a way that the pressure chambers may have the oil pressure applied to them as a function of the hydraulic valves.
However, in order to obtain an oil pressure required for application to the pressure chambers, the internal combustion engine has to be operated at least at idling speed. Particularly at the start of an internal combustion engine, this is not yet sufficient for a camshaft control because the oil pressure is too low. During the start of the internal combustion engine, in order that the camshaft shall not take up an undefined position because of mechanical friction, the camshaft control device is mechanically locked for this reason in a locking position, for instance, using a retaining pin.
In this context, the retaining pin engages with a corresponding bore, as soon as the oil pressure falls below a certain value, such as during shutting off the internal combustion engine. When a minimum oil pressure is exceeded, the retaining pin is then released again from the bore. To prevent the pin from jamming, various methods of releasing it are available, such as that referred to in German Patent No. 199 29 393. In that document, the hydraulic valve is referred to as being controlled using several high frequency-timed intervals during a specified duration or using a predefinable number of intervals, in such a way that a rapid alternating pressure application on the A and B pressure chambers takes place, and consequently a jamming of the retaining pin is avoided.
During idling, the camshaft control device is operated in a reference position. In particular, in a two-step camshaft control device, the reference position is equivalent to the locking position. In steplessly controllable camshaft control devices, however, this reference position may deviate from the locking position. After a cold start of an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine is frequently operated at an increased idling speed. Therefore, the locking position is determined in such a way that an optimal camshaft setting is present for the start of the internal combustion engine.
In this context, it can, however, happen that a camshaft control device is locked again by mistake, during operation, for instance, because a currently required camshaft control corresponds to the locking position, and the retaining pin moves into the bore provided for locking, because of a non-stable oil pressure in this position. Additional problems may arise if the camshaft control device was not locked at the end of the preceding driving cycle, or it disengages from the locking position too early at a start.
Thus, during idling, the camshaft control device of an internal combustion engine (ICE) is operated in a reference position. In a two-step camshaft control device, the reference position is equivalent to a locking position. In steplessly controllable camshaft control devices, this reference position may deviate from the locking position. In this context, it may happen that a camshaft control device may lock itself again during the operation by mistake, the camshaft control device was not locked at the end of the previous driving cycle, or it releases itself too early from the locking position in response to a start.

Method, control unit and program code for a control unit for controlling a camshaft control device


The present disclosure provides a poly resistor on a semiconductor device and a method of fabricating the same. In an embodiment, a poly silicon resistor device is formed by providing a substrate having a first region and a second region. A dummy gate stack is formed on the substrate in the first region, wherein the dummy gate stack has a dummy gate stack thickness extending above the substrate. A poly silicon resister is formed on the substrate in the second region, wherein the poly silicon resistor has a poly silicon resistor thickness extending above the substrate a distance which is less than the dummy gate stack thickness. A dopant is implanted into the substrate in the first region thereby forming a source region and a drain region in the first region of the substrate. The dopant is also implanted into the poly silicon resistor. An inter-level dielectric (ILD) layer is formed on the substrate over the dummy gate stack and also over the poly silicon resistor. The ILD layer is planarized, thereby exposing the dummy gate stack and leaving a portion of the ILD layer over the poly silicon resistor. The dummy gate stack is replaced with a high k metal gate while using the portion of the ILD layer over the poly silicon resistor as a mask to protect the poly silicon resistor during replacement of the dummy gate stack with the high k metal gate.

Polysilicon resistors have been frequently used in conventional integrated circuit (IC) design. Likewise, due to shrinking technology nodes, high-k dielectric material and metal are often considered to form a gate stack for a semiconductor device such as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). However, various integration issues exist when combining polysilicon resistors and metal-gate MOSFETs onto a single IC chip. One solution is to utilize a dummy gate when forming a polysilicon resistor. A gate replacement process, such as an etch process, can then be implemented to remove the dummy gate. However, the formed polysilicon resistors can be damaged and recessed by the etch process, causing the deviation of the resistance of the polysilicon resistor from the designed target and other problems. A solution to this problem is to deposit the polysilicon resistor at the same time of depositing the dummy gate and covering the polysilicon resistor with a hard mask during implantation of the of the source/drain regions and/or during formation of the dummy gate replacement. However, this causes a need for an extra hard mask deposition, which in-turn adds complexity and cost to the fabrication process. Therefore, an improved polysilicon resistor structure and a method making are needed to address the above issues.

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.


A door lock indicator and method for use by occupants in an interior space to confirm if a lock of a door handle of a door is in a locked or an unlocked position. An inside handle of the door handle must always be free to open the door for immediate exit. When a locking mechanism is in a first position, the locking mechanism aligns with an indicator mechanism to provide an indication that the door handle is in the unlocked position. When the locking mechanism is in a second position, the locking mechanism does not align with the indicator mechanism to provide an indication that the door handle is the locked position.

Traditionally, a door lock has been able to adopt a locked mode and an unlocked mode, typically by turning a key in the lock. More recently, locks have become more sophisticated and have multiple modes. These modes may include a "passage mode" by which is meant that the door can be opened from the inside and the outside simply by operating the door handle, a "safety mode" by which is meant that the door is locked from one side (typically the outside) but can be opened from the inside by turning the handle, and a "secure mode" by which is meant that the door is locked from both the inside and the outside.
It is well-known to provide a "safety mode" mechanism that enables the door to be operated from the inside but not from the outside. This type of mechanism is commonly used on external doors and interior doors, such as, but not limited to, school room doors, bathroom doors and the like. Such doors often have an indicator on the outside of a door to let the person on the outside of the door know if the door is locked. A very well-known example is the public toilet door lock which has an "engaged/vacant" indicator which is operated from the inside of the door and upon locking of the door.
In many instances, such as, but not limited to, in school classrooms, it is beneficial to have a lock mechanism which can be locked or unlocked from the outside lever or handle. However, for safety reasons, the inside lever or handle must always be free to open the door for immediate exit, whether the outside handle is locked or unlocked. It is also beneficial to have a lock mechanism which can be locked from the inside handle, while still allowing the inside handle to be free to open the door for immediate exit. However, because the key on either side rotates 360-degrees to lock or unlock the mechanism and as the inside handle must remain free, it is difficult for a user positioned proximate the inside handle to know if the mechanism is locked or unlocked. This can prove disastrous in instances in which there is danger outside of the classroom and the occupants of the classroom want to confirm that the lock mechanism is in the locked position.
It would, therefore, be beneficial to provide a door lock indicator which can be used by occupants in the interior of the classroom or other space to confirm if the lock mechanism is in the locked or unlocked position, thereby allowing the occupants to know if the door is secure or not secure.


In cryogenic applications a compression device circulates a fluid, such as helium, in a closed cooling circuit. The compression device includes at least one compressor, preferably a helical compressor, with a bypass valve connected in parallel thereto, which serves to decompress the compressed fluid. The suction pressure is measured with a pressure measuring device and is supplied to a control device, which controls the position of a powered valve spool of the compressor and also the position of the bypass valve. In order to achieve a high control performance with small bypass losses for load cases which are hard to predetermine, the positions of bypass valve and power valve spool are adjusted so that a fluid flow flows as a control reserve through the bypass valve and is on the order of a fraction of the total fluid flow.

This invention relates to a process for increasing the efficiency of a compression device and to a device for performing the process.
It is known how to alter the conveyed volume flow of helical compressors of the middle and upper power class by means of an axial power valve spool. The purpose of the power valve spool is to assist and to enable the start-up of the helical compressor during the start phase. During the start phase, the power valve spool is opened, and the compressor only conveys a reduced volume flow. After start-up, the power valve spool is closed; and, during the following operational phase, the volume flow is 100%. In the field of cryogenics, helical compressors are used for the compression of helium, for example. As published in the art "The Linde-Turborefrigerator for MR-Tomographs, J. Clausen et al., Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 35, pp. 949-955, Ed. R. W. Fast, Plenum Press, New York, 1990", the control of the suction pressure is known by determining the suction pressure with a pressure measuring device and influencing the rate of mass flow by a bypass valve switched parallel to the helical compressor so that the suction pressure is maintained at constant values.
If this control concept is used in cryogenic installations for load cases which are hard to predetermine, such as, for example, in research centers in the cooling of superconductive magnets, then in partial load operation, which normally lies between 50% and 100% of the maximum conveying capacity, the result is a considerably reduced efficiency of the compression device.

Process and a device for increasing the efficiency of compression devices


A brake hydraulic pressure control unit is proposed. It includes housing, a pump mounted in the housing, a reservoir for hydraulic fluid, and hydraulic pressure control valves. The pump is adapted to draw hydraulic fluid in the reservoir and return the thus drawn fluid into a hydraulic circuit. The hydraulic pressure valves are adapted to selectively discharge fluid in the hydraulic circuit into the reservoir, thereby controlling brake hydraulic pressure. The control unit may further include a pulsation damper for muffling noise produced from the pump. The reservoir and the pulsation damper are both separate members from the housing and are mounted to the housing. Thus, the volume of the housing and the capacities of the reservoir and the pulsation damper can be determined independently of each other.

This invention relates to a brake hydraulic pressure control unit for use in a vehicle for increasing and reducing brake hydraulic pressure using electric signals.
A conventional such brake hydraulic control unit is disclosed in JP patent publication 8-502007.
The brake hydraulic pressure control unit disclosed in this patent publication includes a housing in which is mounted a pump, a hydraulic fluid reservoir, hydraulic pressure control valves, and a motor for driving the pump. The pump draws hydraulic fluid in the reservoir and returns it to the brake line. The electronic control unit controls the brake pressure by selectively supplying hydraulic fluid into the hydraulic circuit (for pressure increase) and discharging hydraulic fluid into the reservoir (for pressure reduction) by opening and closing the hydraulic pressure control valves.
The brake hydraulic pressure control unit disclosed in JP patent publication 8-502007 includes a pulsation damper disposed between the discharge port of the pump and the hydraulic circuit for muffling the pump operation noise.
The reservoir and the pulsation damper are formed integrally with the housing. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 10, the reservoir comprises a bore 2 as a fluid chamber which is formed in the housing 1, a reservoir piston 3 inserted in the bore 2, a cover 4 coupled to the housing 1, and a spring 5 disposed between the reservoir piston 3 and the cover 4 for biasing the reservoir piston 3 to move it in such a direction that the volume of the fluid chamber decreases.
All the other conventional brake hydraulic pressure control units also have their reservoir formed as an integral part of the housing. Such an integral reservoir makes it difficult to reduce the size and cost of the entire unit for the following reasons.
If a plurality of reservoirs of such brake hydraulic pressure control units have lengths substantially equal to one another, their capacities are proportional to the square of their diameters and proportional to their piston strokes. Thus, if the capacity of the reservoir is fixed, as such a reservoir, one having a greater diameter and a shorter length should be selected in order to reduce the size of the brake hydraulic pressure control unit to a minimum. But a reservoir having a large diameter increases the depth of the housing 11 (dimension shown by "S" in FIGS. 10 and 11).
Conversely, if a reservoir having a greater length and shorter diameter is used while keeping its capacity unchanged, the height H of the housing will increase. The numeral 7 in FIGS. 10 and 11 indicates a pump-driving motor fastened to the housing.
The width w of the housing 1 is determined by the pitch of pipe connections (not shown) provided on the top 1a of the housing 1. Thus, if the depth s and/or height H is large, each side 1b naturally has a correspondingly large area. Such a housing is large in size.
The minimum value of the capacity of the reservoir is determined by the structure of the vehicle on which the brake hydraulic pressure control unit is to be mounted. The minimum value of the capacity of the reservoir in turn determines the minimum size of the housing as described above. Thus, if it is desired to use a housing having the allowable minimum size for the vehicle on which the control unit is to be mounted, a large number of housings that are different in type and size from one another have to be prepared according to vehicle types. One way to avoid this problem is to use uniform housings which can accommodate the largest reservoir. But such housings are unnecessarily too large to accommodate smaller reservoirs. Preparing a large number of housings that are different in size from one another and preparing uniform but oversized housings are both economically unfavorable.
For the pulsation damper, too, which is optionally provided as necessary, the greater its capacity, the more effectively it can damp pulsation. But if the damper, which is also an integral part of the housing as with the reservoir, is unnecessarily large in size, the size of the housing will also have to be unnecessarily increased, which pushes up the cost of the entire control unit.
If the size of the housing is reduced to a minimum, it will be difficult to increase the capacities of the reservoir and the pulsation damper even slightly.
An object of this invention is to provide a low-cost, compact brake hydraulic pressure control unit comprising a housing and a reservoir and optionally a pulsation damper in which the size of the housing can be determined irrespective of the capacities of the reservoir and the pulsation damper.


A delayed blowback mechanism integrated into a firearm bolt and carrier subassembly. A cam pin extends from the bolt and, upon initiation of the cartridge discharge cycle, engages a guiding clearance or pocket configured within the firearm upper receiver for providing recoil and discharge force attenuation in a radial delayed fashion during cycling of the bolt carrier group. Recoil attenuation between the cam pin and upper receiver clearance can be provided alone or assisted by chamfer or angled contour to either or both of the radially projecting and rear contact surfaces of the bolt locking lugs and the opposing inward projections configured within the barrel extension grooves. In any variant, the bolt and associated carrier retain sufficient inertia to cycle through the discharge cycle to the set position concurrent with reloading a subsequent cartridge.

The prior art discloses various types of firearm action assemblies for attenuating, or reducing the recoil associated with a firearm cartridge discharge. A first example of these is depicted in Benelli U.S. Pat. No. 3,893,369 which teaches a pistol having a bolt provided with ribs extending transversely to the bolt axis and adapted to engage in and disengage from corresponding mating grooves provided in the receiver breech upon a slight rotation of said bolt with respect to said receiver breech. A locking link provided between the bolt and the bolt carrier is caused, upon firing, to rotate in such a direction that said link holds said bolt urged against the receiver breech, with said ribs engaged in the mating grooves. Once the inertial force of said bolt carrier has failed, the residual pressure of exhaust gases applies a force to said bolt which causes the bolt to rotate with respect to said receiver breech so as to disengage said ribs from the associated grooves in said receiver breech.
A further example is depicted in Plumb, US 2016/0370135 which teaches a recoil impulse reducing bolt carrier group including a main bolt carrier group body for the intended weapon system and a recoil impulse reducing assembly. The recoil impulse reducing assembly fits inside the main bolt carrier group body. The recoil impulse reducing assembly includes an interchangeable weight and a dampener, such as springs or fluid. The weight moves within the main bolt carrier group body under hydraulic and/or spring tension. The recoil impulse reducing bolt carrier group manipulates weight distribution during the operation of the firearm to prevent and reduce front and rear recoil forces from affecting the firearm.
Another example is shown in Kerbrat U.S. Pat. No. 8,783,158 for a delayed blowback mechanism including a main frame (1) and its extension (1′), which accommodate a barrel (21) with fixed mounting, a mobile bolt (22) and its guiding pin ensemble (66) and main spring (67) moving in the main frame (1), a mobile mass (34) and its assembly of guiding pin (60), push plate (61) and return spring (62), and a mobile mass catch sear (42) and its spring (7). The mobile mass pivots from a first position under the barrel to a downward position in reaction to the backward movement of the mobile bolt. The placement of the mobile mass in front of the chamber directs counteracting forces down on the barrel to prevent muzzle climb during operation.
U.S. Pat. No. 10,317,159 to Zajk, teaches a variable barrel camming system for a firearm which includes a linearly reciprocating slide supported by a frame and a barrel removably coupled to the slide for movement therewith. A cam slot on the barrel slideably engages a cam pin mounted transversely in the frame. The slot includes a cam track surface having multiple angles and contours designed to control the motion and orientation of the barrel. When the firearm is discharged, the slide and barrel initially move rearward together under recoil forces generated. The pin slide forward in the slot over the cam track surface which is configured to rotate and uncouple the barrel from the slide which continues rearward alone. The cam track surface has a varying cam profile selected to gradually dissipate the kinetic energy of the barrel/slit unit in a controlled manner, thereby reducing the felt recoil imparted to a user compared to conventional cam systems.
Finally, another example of a recoil absorption device, such as for use within the family of semi-automatic or automatic AR-15/M-16 and M4 carbines, is depicted in U.S. Pat. No. 9,103,611 to Neitzling which teaches a barrel attached to and upper receiver and including a compressible bolt carrier extension system. The compressible bolt carrier extension system includes a bolt carrier, an extension spring, two pins, and a reciprocation bolt carrier extension piece. As a whole, the compressible bolt carrier extension system makes possible the use of elongated upper and lower receivers to be used for chambering long-action or other center fire cartridges for use with AR rifles such as the M-16, and M4 etc., eliminating the need for any buffer or buffer tubes other than those commercially available. A further advantage of the compressible bolt carrier extension system is the reduction of felt recoil as the system fully loads during the recoil stroke as it pushes against the buffer absorbing additional recoil energy. The system can be incorporated into firearms using a variety of cartridges.

Radial delayed blowback operating system for a firearm including a recoil discharge force attenuation interface between a cam pin and a clearance pocket configured within an upper receiver of the firearm


An encoder for encoding comparator outputs of a bank of 2**N−1 comparators into an N bit binary code is provided. The comparator outputs have redundancy so that if comparator output Cw is a binary zero, then each comparator output numbered Cx wherein x is greater than w, is binary zero, and if comparator output Cy is binary one, then each comparator output numbered Cz wherein z is less than y, is binary one. The encoder for encoding an Mth bit of the N bit binary code includes N−M+1 levels of current steering switches. The Lth level has 2**(L−1) current steering switches each connected to a current steering switch in an (L−1)th level, except when the Lth level is 1. The comparator outputs are connected to the current steering switches.

Most high speed analog to digital converter (ADC) architectures have a bank of comparators that have thresholds spaced over the range of the analog signal to be converted. The outputs of a bank of comparators are ideally all ones for those comparators which have thresholds below the current value of the analog input and all zeroes for those with thresholds above the analog input, as discussed in Behzad Razavi, Principles of Data Conversion System Design, pp. 101-116, IEEE Press, New York (1995). After the bank of comparators, an encoder is commonly used to encode the output of the comparators into a code, such as a binary or gray code. One class of prior art encoders uses either a ROM structure or a collection of logic gates to encode the comparator outputs to a desired code.
There can be either static or dynamic errors in the thresholds of the comparators such that there is not always a single well defined transition from all ones to all zeros, so a relatively complex gate structure with three or more inputs is generally needed to ensure a suitably high probability of encoding the proper code from the comparator outputs. This in turn means either that each comparator output has a fanout of three or more, or that a cascaded gate structure is needed. Neither of these is desirable for high speed and low power. Other approaches include a cascade of exclusive-or gates, or an adder tree that simply sums the number of comparators with high outputs. Both of these approaches also involve a relatively high number of gates and high power dissipation.
FIG. 1 shows the encoding of a bank of 7 comparator outputs C1 to C7 into a 3 bit gray code (G3, G2 and G1) or a 3 bit binary code (B3, B2 and B1). The 7 comparator outputs are selected so that if comparator output Cw, wherein w ranges from 1 to 2**N−1 and wherein N is the number of bits in the encoded code, is a binary zero, then each comparator output numbered Cx wherein x is greater than w, is binary zero. The thresholds of each comparator are also selected so that if comparator output Cy, wherein y ranges from 1 to 2**N−1 and wherein N is the number of bits in the encoded code, is binary one, then each comparator output numbered Cz wherein z is less than y, is binary one. For example, in FIG. 1 when comparator output C4 is binary 0, then comparator outputs C5 through C7 are also binary zero. When comparator output C4 is binary 1, then comparator outputs C1 through C3 are also binary one.
The comparator outputs C1 to C7 may be encoded into a 3-bit gray code or a 3-bit binary code by using logic. Using the notation that the complement of a signal "A" is "AX" (not A=AX), the logic equations for the encoders can be implemented with the following logic.
For the binary code the encoding logic by inspection from FIG. 1 is:B1=C1*C2X+C3*C4X+C5*C6X+C7B2=C2*C4X+C6B3=C4.
For the gray code the encoding logic by inspection from FIG. 1 is:G1=C1*C3X+C5*C7X G2=C2*C6X G3=C4.
FIG. 2 shows one example of a prior art binary encoder for implementing the logic for B1, B2 and B3. This prior art encoder has a relatively complex gate structure and has a cascaded gate structure, which is not desirable for high speed and low power.
Differential current-steering series-gated logic circuitry is recognized as one of the faster types of circuitry for implementing logic functions. It is commonly implemented with either bipolar or FET integrated circuits. A basic circuit for a design is a binary current steering tree, made of one differential pair or more generally, a binary current steering switch on the bottom level, connected to two differential pairs on the second level. The two differential pairs are in turn connected to four differential pairs on the third level, and so on to form an N level current steering circuit with 2N−1 differential pairs on the N-th level.
C. S. Choy in "Minimization technique for series-gated emitter-coupled logic", IEEE Proceedings, Vol. 136, Pt. G, No. 3, June 1989, describes a technique for deriving an optimized multi-level current steering gate for differential logic given logic equations or a truth table, the contents of which are incorporated by reference.
What is needed are encoders and methods of making encoders that have high speed and low power. The embodiments of the present disclosure answer these and other needs.

Current steering series-gated quantizer encoder and encoding method


A computer-implemented method for enabling migratory virtual machines to expedite access to resources may include (1) detecting a migration of a virtual machine from a physical computing system to a different physical computing system, (2) locating resource information within the virtual machine that identifies an access path to a resource of the physical computing system despite the migration of the virtual machine, (3) identifying a different access path to a corresponding resource of the different physical computing system, and then (4) modifying the resource information within the virtual machine to identify the different access path to the corresponding resource in order to expedite resource access by enabling the virtual machine to access the corresponding resource via the different access path instead of accessing the resource via the access path. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

Virtual machines may have the ability to migrate from one physical computing system to another in a variety of computer-networking scenarios. For example, a stretched computer cluster may include a physical computing system located at a local site and another physical computing system located at a remote site. In this example, a virtual machine may be configured to run on the physical computing system located at the local site. However, in the event that the physical computing system experiences a failure that potentially prevents the virtual machine from running properly, the virtual machine may migrate from the physical computing system to the other physical computing system located at the remote site.
While conventional virtualization technologies may enable the virtual machine to migrate from the physical computing system located at the local site to the other physical computing system located at the remote site, such virtualization technologies may have certain shortcomings and/or inefficiencies that negatively impact performance. For example, the stretched computer cluster may also include one or more redundant resources (such as mirrored storage devices and/or network routers) located at the local site and the remote site. Unfortunately, the virtual machine may still be configured to access those resources located at the local site even after migrating to the other physical computing system located at the remote site.
What is needed, therefore, are systems and methods for enabling migratory virtual machines to expedite access to computing resources.

Systems and methods for enabling migratory virtual machines to expedite access to resources


A power circuit breaker is intended to be effectively locked in a simple manner in a withdrawable-part rack. For this purpose, a locking device is provided having a first component, which is fixed in the withdrawable-part rack, and a second component, which is fixed to the power circuit breaker. The first component and the second component do not engage with one another in the inserted position. However, in the event of a short circuit they engage with one another in a tilted position of the power circuit breaker, which position is rotated with respect to the inserted position, with the result that the power circuit breaker is locked in the withdrawable-part rack.

In the case of switching devices having a withdrawable design, the power circuit breaker is held in the associated withdrawable-part rack by way of a self-inhibiting displacement mechanism in the operating position. Since the connections of the power circuit breaker are generally arranged on one side, when a power circuit breaker is switched on, a current loop results. If high short-circuit currents occur, the forces of the current loop act counter to the insertion direction and thus attempt to drive the breaker out of the withdrawable part. If the locking by way of the displacement mechanism does not withstand the forces, under certain circumstances the breaker is moved out of the operating position to a greater extent than the laminated contacts of the power circuit breaker engage in the connection rail of the withdrawable-part rack. This leads to a system failure.
The patent specification DE 102 51 002 B3 has disclosed a generic power circuit breaker. In this case, a locking device is actuated by a switch mechanism, in particular by a switching shaft of the power circuit breaker. The locking device includes an actuating element which is arranged such that it is fixed against rotation on the switching shaft and interacts with a locking bolt. The locking bolt is arranged such that it can be displaced axially and is guided by guide rollers. This locking mechanism is very complex in design terms, however.
A further possibility for reducing the current forces on the power circuit breaker is the use of current-limiting power circuit breakers which limit the prospective short-circuit current and thus also the current-loop forces occurring. These devices have only low selectivity, however, i.e. they can only withstand the short circuit for a very short period of time, with the result that downstream switches in a power circuit distribution system do not have the option of switching off before the power circuit breaker.

Switching apparatus having a withdrawable-part rack and a lockable power circuit breaker


A table includes a table plate to be supported on top of a base member. The base member includes a bolt, a pair of seats secured on the bolt, and two pairs of legs pivotally coupled to the seats at pivot pins and foldable about the pivot pins between a folded position and an opened position. Two stops are threaded on the bolt and engaged with the legs for maintaining the legs at the selected tilted angle relative to the bolt. Two locks each includes an inner thread engaged with the outer thread of the seats for locking the legs in place when the locks are secured on the seats. The legs may be easily and quickly rotated about the pivot pins to the folded position when the locks are disengaged from the seats.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a table, and more particularly to a table which may be easily folded to a compact configuration.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Typical tables comprise a base member that may be folded to a storing size. However, the foldable base member normally includes a huge size and includes a number of bolts that are required to be threaded or unthreaded for assembling and disassembling the base member.
The present invention has arisen to mitigate and/or obviate the afore-described disadvantages of the conventional foldable tables.

Table having an easily folding mechanism

No. 27, Nung 35, Lane 851, Chung Shan Road