A method and system for an interactive controller device comprising a two axis sensor in combination with one or more other sensors for hand-held devices operated in mid-air. A time sequence of measurements in three linearly independent directions is used to extract the angles of rotation around one or more distinct axes. A method is disclosed to approximately determine a transformation matrix, T, of a device orientation from a sequence of single vector measurements as a combination of rotations about specified axes. Calculated rotation angles can then be used to calculate changes in a controller or pointer position and a rate change thereof.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates generally to user interface controllers and pointing devices, and particularly to a method and an apparatus to sense changes in a vector field (magnetic, acceleration, or other) to determine or estimate rotations about multiple axes.
2. Description of Related Art
User interfaces to technology are an integral part of almost all technological systems. Computer functionality has been revolutionized by advances in display technology and input devices such as the keyboard and computer mouse. The line between conventional computing devices and entertainment devices is being blurred as more features are being added that require computer processors, such as digital video recorders and digital television channel guides. New input devices that are suitable for use without a desktop surface will drastically improve the user experience. Gesture based game controllers will enable the gaming market to grow more quickly.
Low power magnetic sensor technology has been primarily developed for use in navigation instrumentation, where precise compass heading has been the goal. PNI is the owner of multiple patents protecting a low power, high accuracy, Magneto-Inductive technology that enables a magnetic sensor system that can be used to accurately measure the magnetic field, in three dimensions, present at the device. One of PNI Corporation's tilt-compensated compassing module products, the TCM2, includes a mode to output mouse control signals which is documented in the TCM2 manual.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,734,371 discloses a pointing device interactive with a video and/or computer system; the pointing device comprises an inclinometer for detecting the relative vertical position relative to an initial reference position and gimbaled αzimuthal magnetic sensor generating a horizontal position indication signal.
Additional U.S. patents and applications relating to the instant invention are: U.S. Pat. No. 7,158,118, U.S. Pat. No. 7,236,156, U.S. Pat. No. 7,239,301, U.S. Pat. No. 7,262,760, U.S.20050174324, U.S.20060028446, U.S.20060130013, U.S.20060178212, U.S.20060250358, U.S.20070035518, U.S.20070113207, U.S.20070124097, U.S.20070124097, U.S.20070176896, U.S.20070247425, U.S.20070252813, U.S.20070257885, U.S.20080158154; all from Hillcrest Laboratories, Inc. Disclosures from the aforementioned patents and applications are included herein in their entirety by reference.
Hillcrest Laboratories has disclosed a series of methods which rely on a two dimensional rotation matrix to convert a first and second rotational output from a body frame into an inertial frame by calculating:R=[cos θ sin θ−sin θ cos θ]·[αyαz]wherein θ is the tilt, αy is the first rotational output and αz is the second rotational output.
A method disclosed in the instant invention generates an output from sequenced measurements of instrument or device orientation, not from rotational outputs αy and αz. As such, a two dimensional transformation, or an explicit determination of the instrument tilt is not performed. The Hillcrest method teaches a conversion from a body frame into an inertial frame; the method of the instant invention is directly measuring the inertial frame since the magnetic field is fixed in the inertial frame.


A reactor comprises a reactor core in which two U-shaped core members are connected in a ring shape with a gap section therebetween, a primary insert-molded resin part provided covering at least an outer peripheral surface of a leg part of the core member other than an adhesion surface of the core member, a coil placed around the gap section and the leg part of the core member, and a secondary insert-molded resin part made of a thermoplastic resin and which is insert-molded around the coil to fix the coil on the reactor core and fix the leg parts of the core members in a connected state. A positioning section which determines a relative position of opposing leg parts and a window section which allows a melted thermoplastic resin for forming the secondary insert-molded resin part to flow into the gap section are formed on an end of the primary insert-molded resin part connected in a state where core members are placed connected in a ring shape.

Conventionally, there exists a structure in which a reactor is incorporated into apart of an electric power conversion circuit equipped on an electrically driven vehicle such as a hybrid electric vehicle. This reactor is used, for example, for a converter or the like which boosts a voltage of direct current electrical power supplied from a battery and outputs the resulting electrical power to the side of a motor which is a source of motive force.
In general, a reactor comprises a plurality of core members made of magnetic materials, a reactor core formed by connecting the core members in a ring shape with a non-magnetic gap plate therebetween, and a coil placed around a coil attachment position of the reactor core including the gap plate. The reactor including the reactor core and the coil is equipped on a vehicle, for example, in a state where the reactor is fixed using a bolt or the like in a casing made of a metal such as aluminum alloy.
As a related art document related to the above-described reactor, JP 2009-99793 A (Patent Literature 1) discloses a method of manufacturing a reactor in which a reactor core having a coil is stored and fixed in a housing, and a silicone resin is impregnated and cured between the housing, reactor core, and coil, to fix the reactor in the housing.
JP 2009-32922 A (Patent Literature 2) discloses a reactor core having a plurality of magnetic core members and non-magnetic gap plates interposed between adjacent core members, wherein an opposing surface of the core member and an opposing surface of the gap plate are fixed via an adhesive layer, and a pulling transmission device of leaking magnetic flux is formed on a peripheral surface other than the opposing surface of the gap plate, for puling the leaking magnetic flux leaking from the core member and applying the leaking magnetic flux to the adjacent core member.

Reactor and manufacturing method thereof


An ultra-wideband pulse Doppler radar employing a transform domain communication system class of output waveform, a waveform additionally modified for enhanced radar usage. The achieved waveform includes sequential radar output pulse discrimination, improved pulse repetition frequency range ambiguity, phase modulation generating a noise-like output signal appearance and improved resolution characteristics. The invention employs radar waveform shaping in the frequency domain according to a sample of present operating band interference conditions followed by transformation into the time domain for fabricating an output pulse waveform. Mathematical basis for the improved output waveform and correlation comparisons in graphical form are included in the disclosure.

The transform domain communication system (TDCS) is known to generate a transmitter output signal inclusive of component frequencies previously determined to be free of interfering signals i.e., to fabricate a communicated pulse waveform using exclusively unoccupied component frequencies, or frequencies occupied only by low level weak signals. This selection of preferred component signals for an output signal is of course achieved through a preliminary examination of the band of operation used by the communication system followed by selection of the generated and communicated pulse signal components to lie within the unused band portions encountered during this examination. A communication system operating in this manner is disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,029,184 issued to Carl F. Andren et al. in 1991; such systems are also described in the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers technical journal article "TDCS, OFDM, and MC-CDMA, a Brief Tutorial" authored by Vasu Chakravarthy, Abel S. Nunez and James P. Stephens, and appearing in IEEE Radio Communications, September 2005 page S11. Each of these identified documents is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
After some investigation we find that it can be advantageous to employ signals of the type described in these documents, transform domain communication system-like signals in the realm of radar. Such radar may, for example, be attended by the sleuth and militarily desirable properties achieved with the communication application of this fabricated interference-free signal. Notably in employing these previously communications art signals for the distinctly different radar purpose it is desirable to employ signal simplifications and also to make certain added improvements in the nature of the signals when they are used for radar purposes. Information concerning these topics is disclosed in the following description.

Interference avoiding transform domain radar

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force


A cover for use on a medical examination table stirrup, the cover forming a pocket. The pocket is defined by an upper edge and side edges extending downwardly from the upper edge to a bottom edge, the bottom edge being open to form a mouth. The pocket receives the frame of the stirrup. A closure tie, such as elastic, for securing the pocket about the stirrup frame is provided in the bottom edge.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to sanitary protective coverings of the type commonly used in physician's offices to provide a clean surface against which the patient's body or portions thereof may rest during examination or treatment. More specifically, the invention refers to a type of disposable cover for use on the conventional stirrups found on certain examination tables.
2. Description of Related Art
Today, certain physicians' examination tables are equipped with a pair of adjustable foot supports or stirrups. These stirrups are especially useful to support the patient's feet and legs in an elevated, separated position so that various examinations and treatments may be performed. Typically, the stirrups are made of metal, and come in direct contact with the patients' feet. Occasionally, the patient may be permitted to keep shoes on during the exam. In either case, the stirrup is subjected to possible contamination by debris, germs and/or organisms on the feet or shoes. Further contamination may occur during the procedures performed. For this reason, there is a need to provide a sanitary cover for the stirrups to protect the current patient from being exposed to possible contaminants left by the previous patient, and simultaneously preventing transfer to subsequent patients and/or health care providers.
Previous attempts have been made to address comfort concerns involved in using stirrups. Metal is a cold and unforgiving material. Patients, often barefoot, express discomfort at placing their feet on the cold surface. In prolonged exams or those where the patient must exert pressure on the stirrup, the unforgiving nature of metal, along with the shape of the stirrup, make for a bothersome experience. To alleviate some of these problems, some physicians have covered the stirrups with common gym socks.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,360,193 which issued on Nov. 23, 1982, to Mitchell for a cover for stirrup of physician's examination table discloses a padded cover that slips over the stirrup and is held in place by a sleeve portion. The cover is provided with a foam padding, especially at the heel portion, for adding comfort. U.S. Pat. No. 4,407,687 which issued to Mitchell on Oct. 4, 1983 discloses a method of manufacturing this cover.
UK Patent Application 2,041,737 published Sep. 17, 1980, for an adjustable labor-delivery-recovery hospital bed includes a pair of padded crutches, for purposes similar to stirrups, without mention of use of disposable sanitary covers.
Other devices have used a padded sleeve-like cover slipped over or around the stirrup secured by a zipper as disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 3,452,978 (comfort device for foot stirrups of physician's examining table) which issued on Jul. 1, 1969, to Creelman.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,046,365 which issued on Sep. 6, 1977, to Dungan discloses another attempt at adding comfort to examination table stirrups. This example comprises a flat annular blank of padded material such as foam plastic which was secured to the stirrups by several tiedowns.
Covering devices such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,124 which issued to Lansing, et al. on Apr. 12, 1994, for disposable protective sleeve for dental apparatus such as light curing guns are known to provide sanitary protection for multi-use equipment. This cover, however, is not adapted to recognize the special concerns of an examining table stirrup.
Other covering devices have been used to protect the item covered are known, but are less related to the present invention or the field of sanitary disposable covers. Among these are British Patent No. 1,169,159 (detachable decorative seat belt cover) published Oct. 29, 1969.
None of the above inventions and patents, taken either singly or in combination, is seen to describe the instant invention as claimed.


Provided are a method, system, and program for simulating I/O requests to test a system coupled to an adaptor having a port used for transmitting and receiving I/O requests to the system. A user test command is received indicating an I/O test object. The adaptor processes the I/O test object indicated in the user test command to generate a sequence of simulated I/O requests and transmits the generated simulated I/O requests to the system.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a system, method, and program for simulating Input/Output (I/O) requests to test a system.
2. Description of the Related Art
Computing systems often include one or more host computers ("hosts") for processing data and —running application programs, direct access storage devices (DASDs) for storing data, and a storage controller for controlling the transfer of data between the hosts and the DASD. Storage controllers, also referred to as control units or storage directors or servers, manage access to a storage space comprised of numerous hard disk drives connected in a loop architecture, otherwise referred to as a Direct Access Storage Device (DASD). Hosts may communicate Input/Output (I/O) requests to the storage space through the storage controller.
As part of the manufacturing process, the storage controller is stress and load tested before shipment to the customer. This test process requires that the storage controller be connected in an actual operating environment, which would include multiple host systems, switches, etc., and that the host systems would transmit I/O requests to the storage controller to stress and load test the storage controller's capability to handle the I/O load. This testing process is quite burdensome and expensive because the manufacturer must maintain and operate host systems capable of generating I/Os at a rate commensurate with the intended operating environment. Further, significant human labor is required to connect and disconnect host systems to the multiple I/O ports on each storage controller being tested for shipment. These labor costs are substantial when numerous storage controllers are being shipped. Further, a large warehouse floor space may be needed for the host systems and storage controllers being tested.
Moreover, as the number of I/O attachment ports in a storage controller increases, additional host systems, switches, and human labor are needed to connect to the increased number of I/O ports on the storage controller in order to stress and load test the additional ports.
For these reasons, there is a need in the art for improved and more cost effective techniques to stress and load test storage controllers and other I/O devices that are intended to interface with numerous connected devices that transmit I/O.

Method, system, and program for simulating Input/Output (I/O) requests to test a system

International Business Machines Corporation


A container lid that is easily sealed to prevent air and other environmental agents from infiltrating the covered container and its contents and to accommodate storage of tools such as paintbrushes or paint rollers. The lid includes a base and lip and a strap surrounding the lip to secure the position of the lid and prevent air from seeping into the container. The base of the lid can be a solid, smooth surface, or it can be configured with special features such as suction vents and pour spouts. The base further includes a hatch and slots for receiving and holding tools suspended from the lid into the container. The hatch includes features including a hatch cover, gasket, and hinge cover that prevent the passage of air into the container that when paired with the easily sealed lid on the container prevents air, pests, and other particles from ruining or contaminating the container contents or tools.

Containers for storing paint, food, and other substances have been in use for many years, and most such containers generally have lids that keep the contents from spilling out. Often containers need to be watertight or airtight or must be sealed to keep out contaminants, but such sealed containers are often difficult to open and close, and once the seal is broken, are not resealable and require tools to be opened or closed. A lid for a paint container, for example, is necessary to keep the paint from drying out. When not in use painting tools such as brushes and rollers must be paint-free in order to prevent the paint from drying in the brush. Many times painters must leave a painting job partially done, whether for a lunch break or an end of day work stoppage or other reason. Under these circumstances, the painter must cover the paint container and clean the painting tools so that they do not dry out and become unusable.
Covering and cleaning paint containers and tools is time a consuming and potentially messy procedure. Some painters have tried to overcome these problems by covering their brushes with plastic wrap or the like, however this procedure tends to be messy and does not always insure that the tools are completely covered, in which case they may dry out. Some painters store their brushes in a jar of solvent or water, in the case of water-based paints. This technique can cause the bristles to bend and become permanently deformed.
Paint container lids are also problematic in that when a can or bucket is closed while paint is in lid receiving rim of the can or bucket, the lid can become stuck to the point that it takes great effort to remove it. Even if there is no paint in the receiving rim, a tool such as a screwdriver is needed to pry open the lid. This process is time consuming and requires the user to have a screwdriver or other lever tool handy.
Finally, a person using traditional sealed containers can has no way to lock the lid of the can so that unauthorized persons can not easily get into the paint or other items that may be stored inside the container.


There is provided a method for managing the downloading and display of a video program using a mobile device in an networking environment that includes a first radio access network and a second radio access network that has a faster transfer rate than the first network. A layer of video program that has been encoded into multiple layers is downloaded via the first or second network. The downloaded video program is displayed at a playback rate that corresponds to a display quality. Excess portion of the downloaded video program that result when a rate at which the video program is displayed are buffered. The number of layers being downloaded and the playback rate at which the video program is displayed are increased to increase the display quality, when the buffered excess portions exceeds a threshold level.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to downloading and displaying a video program from networks and, more particularly, to a method and a mobile terminal for downloading and displaying a video program by the mobile device in an interworking environment comprising a first radio access network having a first data transfer rate and a second radio access network having a second data transfer rate that is faster than the first data transfer rate.
2. Background of the Invention
In an interworking that includes two networks such as, for example, a Third Generation (3G) cellular network and a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), it is desirable to take advantage of the increased bandwidth of the faster network (e.g., the WLAN) to download and display higher quality video whenever a mobile terminal enters the coverage area of the faster network.
For video streaming, there are currently two main approaches to make use of the higher bandwidth. The first approach is to switch between a high display rate and a low display rate when a mobile terminal moves in and out of a higher bandwidth coverage area. The second approach is to keep a constant low display rate even in the higher bandwidth coverage area.
The end result of the first approach is actually very annoying to mobile users, especially for relatively high mobility usage scenarios. Users would rather maintain a constant quality than frequently switch their quality perception levels. The second approach maintains the same low display quality, but it does not take full advantage of the higher bandwidth coverage area.
Accordingly, it would be desirable and highly advantageous to have a method and mobile terminal capable of taking advantage of increased bandwidth in an interworking environment, while overcoming the above-described deficiencies of the prior art.

Ever-increasing quality for stored video streaming in a mobile wireless interworking environment


An improved guidewire for assisting in implantation of a cardiac lead includes three sections. The most distal zone is sufficiently floppy to prevent trauma to the vessel walls through which the guidewire and lead are inserted. An intermediate zone is generally stiffer and has a cross-section less than or equal to the cross-section of the distal zone. The third zone is stiffer yet and is joined to the intermediate zone by a shoulder. The shoulder cooperates with protrusions on the lead to transfer forces between the guidewire and lead. A finishing wire having temporary locking means to lock the finishing wire to the lead is employed to remove the guide catheter without moving the lead from its desired location. Lubricious coatings are also provided to reduce friction between the lead and guidewire.

I. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the implantation and placement of cardiac leads used in combination with cardiac rhythm management devices, e.g., heart pacemakers or defibrillators, to monitor and control the rhythm of the heart. This invention is more particularly directed toward a guidewire/pacing lead configuration adapted to assist in the implantation and placement of a cardiac lead having one or more electrodes that are to reside in the distal branches of the coronary venous system, the great cardiac vein, or coronary sinus. The invention also encompasses the use of a guide catheter along with a guidewire and finishing wire configurations useful in removing guide catheters without dislodging the implanted leads.
II. Discussion of the Prior Art
Placement of cardiac leads in the distal branches of the coronary venous system, the great cardiac vein, or the coronary sinus is a difficult task. Often when deploying the lead there comes a point at which the lead cannot be advanced further into the vascular system using standard techniques and equipment. All too often this point is not the optimal position for the lead's electrode, either for sensing cardiac electrical activity or delivering pacing therapy to the heart.
There are several reasons which make proper placement of the lead difficult. These include (1) friction between the vasculature and the lead; (2) partial obstruction of the vasculature; (3) unusually shaped bifurcations in the vasculature; and (4) accumulative friction between lead, guide catheter and guidewire. Prior efforts to resolve such problems included the use of a stiffer guidewire. While stiffer guidewires offer additional support, they may impede advancement due to their relative size with respect to the lumen of the lead. Additionally, when proper placement of the lead is achieved, problems arise during guide catheter or guidewire extraction. All too often, the act of extracting the guide catheter and/or guidewire causes the lead to be dislodged from the implanted position. Standard guidewires and stylets are not suitable for maintaining position while the guide catheter is removed due to insufficient stiffness, lack of appropriate force transmission features, and friction between the guidewire and lumen wall of the coronary vein lead. A means must be provided which will hold the lead and its corresponding electrodes in place while allowing the guide catheter and guidewire to be removed.
The present invention is deemed to be an improvement over conventional prior art guidewires. It is more effective in properly placing the lead and it is also less likely to cause a properly placed lead to become dislodged during extraction of the guide catheter and the guidewire itself.

Modified guidewire for left ventricular access lead


In one embodiment, individual or groups of heat generating data processing operations are rate-controlled such that a component, a set of components, a board or line card, and/or an entire apparatus or any portion thereof stays within a corresponding heat budget. One or more heat price tags are associated with these data processing operations which are used to determine whether or not a corresponding data processing operation can be currently performed within one or more corresponding heat budgets. If so, the data procession operation proceeds. If not, the data processing operation is delayed. Examples of such data processing operations include, but are not limited to, data retrieval from memory, data storage in memory, lookup operations in memory, lookup operations in a binary or ternary content-addressable memory, regular expression processing, cryptographic processing, or data manipulation.

The communications industry is rapidly changing to adjust to emerging technologies and ever increasing customer demand. This customer demand for new applications and increased performance of existing applications is driving communications network and system providers to employ networks and systems having greater speed and capacity (e.g., greater bandwidth). In trying to achieve these goals, a common approach taken by many communications providers is to use packet switching technology.
In forwarding packets, a packet switching device often uses binary and ternary content-addressable memories to perform lookup operations for determining how to process a packet. These parallel search operations on entries in a content-addressable memory generate significant amount of heat.

Rate-controlling of heat generating data processing operations


Enables the flexible handling of time, iteration and resource type as variables. For example, project/process simulation tool defines an activity; defines alternative resources required to commence the activity; determine availability of the alternative resources; and varies a duration of the activity based on the availability of the alternative resources. According to another aspect, a modelling process is a computer, provided for including: supplying a modeling program having a plurality of predefined stages of execution which collectively define a transfer function of an activity within a network; defining a plurality of user supplied programming statements, each provided with a label indicative of at least one of the stages of execution; and, causing the modeling program, to execute the user supplied programming statements, each immediately followed by a stage of execution indicated by the associated label.

A. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to tools for computerized process modelling and project planning.
B. Related Art
Application programs for project planning have conventionally implemented one of several classical analytical network techniques. An example of one such technique is the Critical Path Method (CPM). In project management tools using the Critical Path Method, the evolution of time in each project is defined in advance. In such systems, every activity and every event of each project occurs only once during a single project execution. Thus, in such systems it is not possible to return to repeat an activity that has already been carried out. This inability to repeat an activity is a shortcoming in that there are many instances in actual projects where activities need to be repeated. Further, there are instances where the recurrence of an activity will need to be modified based on feedback from a prior occurrence of a logically subsequent activity. For example, a part manufactured during a first activity may need to be re-manufactured or repaired based on the results of a subsequent inspection.
An improved analytical network technique known as GERT (Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique) is described in an article entitled "Temporal Analysis, Cost Minimization, and the Scheduling of Projects with Stochastic Evolution Structure (L. Foulds and K. Neumann, Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 6 (1989) pp. 167-191). GERT fills many of the shortcomings of CPM in that it includes provisions for handling the recurrence of activities and feedback.
While GERT is an improvement relative to CPM, a number of problem areas remain. For example, typical project planning applications based on CPM or GERT do not have the capability of utilizing only N of M defined predecessors or successors to an activity's start or finish, where N is greater than 1 but less than M. Nor can a case where N equals zero be handled by either. For example, if five successors are defined to an activity's finish, one cannot activate only four of the five if one uses either CPM or GERT.
Another deficiency with both conventional CPM and GERT applications is the inability to handle variations in activity duration based on available types and quantities of resources. Conventional project planning tools provide the capability to specify a minimum number and type of resources required to perform an activity. For example, an activity may require engineers. Engineers may come in two types, veteran and novice. In conventional project planning tools, one may specify some minimum quantity and type of resources that are required to perform the task. Perhaps the task can be performed by either five veteran engineers or five veterans and two novices, or four veterans and four novices.
While the above-described system accounts for the possibility that different types of resources may be satisfactory to perform a task, the decision is binary. In other words, it assumes either a go or a no go condition. It does not take into account that in the real world, other types or combinations of resources may be able to accomplish a task, albeit in a degraded or perhaps upgraded mode. For example, if there are five veteran engineers available to an activity, it may be completed in duration X. If, however, only four veteran engineers are available, then two additional novice engineers may be required to keep the duration at X. Alternatively, however, if only four veterans and one novice are available the duration of the activity may increase to X+1. If only two veterans are available, the duration may increase to X+20.
Thus, what is needed is a flexible project/process modelling tool that takes into account the possibility that an activity's duration may vary from pass to pass based on types of available resources, and that such duration can vary due to other factors such as the point in time within a project or process.

System and method for process modelling and project planning

International Business Machines Corporation


A wing/winglet configuration, which basically comprises: (a) a wing having upper and lower wing surfaces, a wing leading edge, a wing trailing edge, and a wing tip; and (b) a winglet having upper and lower winglet surfaces, a winglet leading edge, a winglet trailing edge, and a winglet tip, where the winglet is mounted to the wing tip at a winglet/wing tip intersection and extends upwardly from the wing tip Aft portions of the upper wing surface and upper winglet surface are flattened near the winglet/wing tip intersection to substantially reduce flow separation near wing/winglet intersection.

It has long been known that providing an endplate on the wing tip of an aircraft airfoil reduces induced drag at the wing tip. Induced drag is caused by the difference in fluid flow pressure on the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil. At the wing tip, this pressure differential produces fluid-flow that is transverse to the stream of lift-producing fluid; that is, because the fluid pressure is higher below the wing than above, fluid flows from below the wing to above the wing around the wing tip in a direction transverse to that of the lift-producing fluid. The endplate on the wing tip impedes this transverse fluid flow and thus reduces the induced drag on the airfoil.
These endplates are relatively thin fins or shields that extend streamwise along the wing and project upwardly to impede transverse fluid flow along the top of the wing. Non-planar structures, such as tubular members with circular or elliptical cross-sections, have also been mounted on wing tips to reduce induced drag by impeding transverse fluid flow. The above-described endplates and other non-planar structures, while generally effective at reducing induced drag in low speed aircraft, were inappropriate for use with modern high speed aircraft because on high speed aircraft they tended to increase profile drag, interference drag, compressibility drag, flow separation at the wing tip/endplate intersection, and/or the bending moment at the root of the wing. Therefore, endplates and other non-planar structures have not been successfully employed on modern high speed aircraft.
For these and other reasons, designers began to apply the same aerodynamic principles that govern wing airfoil design to the design of endplates. Such aerodynamically efficient endplates will be referred to herein as winglets. These winglets are able to reduce induced drag while lowering profile drag, interference drag, compressibility drag, and/or the bending moment at the root of the wing. However, it is well-known that these winglets are still susceptible to flow separation at the wing/winglet intersection.
More particularly, the flow separation at the wing/winglet intersection is caused by interference between the fluid flowing over the upper surface of the wing and the fluid flowing over the upper surface of the winglet. The fluid streams flowing over these two upper surfaces diverge as they pass over the wing and winglet upper surfaces between the thickest portions and the trailing edges of the wing and winglet. These diverging streams of fluid will be discussed in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. Flow separation occurs in the areas on the upper surfaces between these divergent streams of fluid. This flow separation is particularly acute at low speed, high lifting conditions.

Wing/winglet configurations and methods for aircraft


An apparatus for increasing sharpness is provided. The apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure can improve sharpness of an image by applying different sharpness gains to a center of the image and to a periphery of the image.

Generally, an image process system goes through a process of correcting a distorted image because a distortion exists on an image obtained through an image sensor. At this time, there is a problem of emphasizing a noise component at the same time by emphasizing sharpness of an image center in the course of increasing sharpness at a periphery of an image, whereby noise of the image center is emphasized while a screen becomes fuzzy or awkward due to excessively improved sharpness.


A display panel and a method for manufacturing the same, and a display device is provided. The display panel includes a display area including a plurality of gate lines arranged spaced apart in a first direction and a non-display area including a first and a second non-display area. At least one of the first or the second non-display area includes: a gate driving area including a plurality of gate driving units arranged spaced apart in the first direction and connected to the gate lines, a length of at least one gate driving unit being smaller than a length of a pixel in the first direction; a dummy gate driving area including a plurality of dummy gate driving units arranged spaced apart in the first direction; and a first trace area including a plurality of first traces connected to the dummy gate driving units and an external circuit.

With the development of display technology, the frame of a display panel is narrower and narrower. For the gate driving circuit on the array substrate (Gate On Array, GOA), the reduction in area of the frame of the display panel may compress the space of traces between the gate driving circuit and the external circuit.

Display panel and method for manufacturing the same, and display device


A system for identifying flash events including an optical imaging module with one or more optical imaging array, the optical imaging module configured for monitoring a region of interest to identify a tentative flash event. The system further includes a ranging module associated with the optical imaging module and configured to derive an estimated range to a location of the tentative flash event, and an acoustic verification module associated with the ranging module and with one or more acoustic sensor. The acoustic verification module is configured to determine whether an acoustic event corresponding to the tentative flash event is detected within a time window derived from the estimated range, thereby classifying the tentative flash event as either a verified flash event or a rejected flash event.

The present invention relates to flash event detection and, in particular, it concerns a flash detection system and method combining optical image sensing, range finding and acoustic sensing to reduce false alarm rates.
It is known to employ both optical and acoustic sensor systems, alone or in combination, to identify flash events. Examples of systems combining both optical and acoustic sensors may be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,970,024, 6,215,731 and 6,621,764, all to Thomas Smith.
The principle mode of operation described by Smith in the aforementioned patents is the use of a microphone array to determine an initial estimate of the direction of an event. A gimbaled image sensor is then directed towards this direction and the location is verified optically during subsequent shots. Alternatively, plural optical sensors may provide a panoramic field of view and the detection results of the optical and acoustic systems are correlated to increase accuracy.
The aforementioned functionality described by Smith are reasonably effective under conditions of repetitive fire, but are unable to reliably detect the "first shot". Furthermore, without any capability of determining the range of the flash event, it is impossible to reliably correlate data from the optical and acoustic subsystems so that one subsystem will verify the output of the other subsystem.
There is therefore a need for a flash event detection system and method which would determine an estimated range of an optically-detected tentative flash event so as to allow prediction of an expected time or arrival of a corresponding acoustic event, thereby allowing acoustic verification of an optical flash event even for a single shot.

Flash event detection with acoustic verification

Rafael-Armament Development Authority Ltd.


In the apparatus, an evaluation object is categorized corresponding to the value of an attribute. A first end node stores a first category class and a reliability thereof. A second end node stores a second category class and a reliability thereof. In addition, the second end node is assigned an instance used to generate this class. A branch node stores a determination rule such as a membership function for determining a grade of each category class corresponding to the value of an attribute as an evaluation object. In the apparatus, an evaluation object is categorized corresponding to the reliability and grade. In the apparatus, since an instance assigned to the first end node can be deleted, the storage capacity necessary for storing a training instance can be decreased.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for refining a determination rule in a decision tree form that is applicable for various fields such as machine control in manufacturing fields, demand prediction in service fields, and trouble diagnoses for estimating causes of machine defects and that evaluates given data, a method thereof and a medium thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
As a method for representing a determination rule used to evaluate given data, a decision tree is known. The decision tree is composed of branch nodes, end nodes, and branches. Attributes that represent characteristics of data are assigned to the branch nodes. Category classes that represent decisions given to data are assigned to the end nodes. The branches are labeled with conditions of attribute values that link nodes.
As a method for learning a determination rule in a decision tree form, for example, ID3 algorithm is known (see "Artificial Intelligence Handbook", Kyoritsu Shuppan K. K., Vol 3, Page 529, 1984). In the ID3 algorithm, an attribute is selected corresponding to mutual information and a training instance is divided with the selected attribute. By connecting the divided partial training instance and a node corresponding to the original training instance, the determination rule in the decision tree form is grown. In addition, in the ID3 algorithm, by giving an evaluation object to the generated decision tree, the feature amount of the evaluation object can be estimated.
However, the ID3 does not include a function for refining a decision tree. Thus, to learn a decision tree corresponding to a newly obtained instance, the decision tree should be relearnt with a training instance used to learn the decision tree and the newly obtained training instance. Thus, to relearn a decision tree, a memory with a large storage capacity is required so as to store a large number of training instances. In addition, since the past learnt result is not used for relearning a decision tree, training instances should be learnt once again from the beginning. Thus, it takes a long time.
As another method for learning a determination rule in a decision tree form, ID5R algorithm is known. The ID5R algorithm is described in for example "P. E. Utgoff, Incremental Induction of Decision Trees," Machine Learning, No. 4, P.P. 161-181, 1989. In the ID5R algorithm, when a new example is given, an evaluation value for determining whether or not an attribute assigned to a branch node is proper. When an attribute with the best evaluation value has not been assigned to the branch node, the attribute assigned to the branch node is changed to an attribute with the best evaluation value and a partial decision tree that follows the branch node is updated. In other words, in the ID5R algorithm, since a decision tree is refined with the past learnt results, the time-related problem is improved in comparison with the ID3 algorithm.
However, the refinement of a decision tree in the ID5R algorithm is performed with an assumption that instances are progressively given. Thus, it is not taken thought of a method to refine instance for refining the decision tree. In addition, when it is determined whether or not an attribute assigned to a branch node is proper, a training instance that has been used to learn the decision tree is required. Thus, as with the case of the ID3 algorithm, in the ID5R algorithm, a memory with a large storage capacity that stores a large number of training instances is required.

Apparatus for refining determination rule corresponding to probability of inference result of evaluation object, method thereof and medium thereof


A spring retainer formed from a titanium alloy and comprising a cylinder and a brim formed integrally with the cylinder is disclosed. The brim has on a top thereof a slope formed such that a thickness of the brim decreases radially outwardly.

A valve spring retainer for engine acts to receive an end of a valve spring, and retain intake/exhaust valves and a cotter fitted in the valves, which are located inside the retainer, so that the valve spring does not unfasten during operation of the valves.
JP-A-7-180013, for example, proposes a valve spring retainer for engine using a Ti-6Al-4V-based Ti alloy as a material. The valve spring retainer is now described with reference to FIG. 11 hereof.
As shown in FIG. 11, the valve spring retainer for engine 200 has a through-hole 201 through which valves aligned along an axis pass, and receiving parts 202, 203 for supporting the valve spring at a periphery of the through-hole.
JP-A-7-180013 discloses a technique for hot-forming the Ti-6Al-4V-based Ti alloy at 300 to 800° C. into a certain shape.
Furthermore, JP-A-7-180013 discloses a technique for cold-forming a Ti-4Al-22V-based Ti alloy at about 200° C. into a certain shape.
However, the Ti-6Al-4V-based α/β Ti-alloy has the problem that since it must be formed by hot forging, finishing is necessary to improve dimension accuracy or obtain a smooth surface, which increases production cost due to increase in number of steps and the like.
On the other hand, the Ti-4Al-22V-based Ti alloy is a β-type Ti alloy, which is formed by cold rolling, and therefore a product with excellent shape is obtained. However, the β-type Ti alloy has the problem that the material is expensive, and that the life of the metal mold is short because of high deformation resistance in forging, resulting in increase in cost of the valve spring retainer for engine.

Spring retainer and method for manufacturing the same


Method and apparatus for transporting a lead frame which can be shared for directly-stacked lead frames and for frames--which are stacked while inter leaves are sandwiched, respectively, between them--and which allows two lead frames sticking to each other to be efficiently recovered without deactivating the lead frame transport apparatus. An apparatus for transporting a lead frame to a transport path from a stack of lead frames stored in a magazine through use of a transport head are provided with a recovery head, two-sheet pick-up sensors, and a recovery section for recovering an inter leaf which doubles as a recovery section for recovering two lead frames sticking to each other. In a case where the lead frames are stacked while the inter leaves are sandwiched, respectively, between them, the recovery head transports the inter leaf to the recovery section, where the inter leaf is recovered. In contrast, in a case where the lead frames are directly stacked, if a transport head erroneously picks up two lead frames, the two-sheet pick-up sensors detect the picking up of two lead frames. The two lead frames are temporarily returned to the magazine and are transported by means of the recovery head to the recovery section, where they are recovered.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for transporting lead frames stacked on a magazine to a transport path one by one.
2. Description of the Related Art
Lead frames for use in the assembly of electronic components are stacked on a magazine and are transported to a transport path one by one by means of a transport head. Subsequently, the lead frame is transported to a line for assembling electronic components, such as a die bonder, along the transport path. In this case, the lead frames are stacked on the magazine in two ways, namely, a way in which lead frames are directly stacked on the magazine (this form will be herein referred to as a "direct stacking mode"), and a way in which lead frames are stacked while inter leaves are sandwiched, respectively, between them (this form will be herein referred to as an "inter-leaf stacking mode").
FIG. 1 is a side view showing an existing apparatus for transporting lead frames. In this example, lead frames 1 are stacked by the inter-leaf stacking mode; that is, lead frames 1 and inter leaves 2 are alternately stacked in a magazine 3 such that the inter leaves 2 are sandwiched, respectively, between the lead frames 1. An elevation plate 4 is provided in the magazine 3, and the lead frames 1 and the inter leaves 2 are stacked on the elevation plate 4 which is actuated so as to be raised or lowered by means of drive means (not shown). As a result of the elevation plate 4 being gradually elevated by an elevation rod 5, the upper surface of the topmost lead frame 1 is maintained at a given level.
A transport path 6 for use with the lead frame 1 is disposed besides the magazine 3. Two-sheet pick-up sensors 8a, 8b are disposed between the magazine 3 and the transport path 6. A recovery section 7 for recovering the inter leaves 2 is disposed on the side of the magazine 3 opposite to the side thereof facing the transport path 6. A transport head 10 has nozzles 11 for vacuum-chucking the lead frame 1, and each of the nozzles 11 has a suction pad 12 at the lower end. A recovery head 13 has nozzles 14 and suction pads 15, both of which vacuum-chuck the inter leaf 2. The transport head 10 and the recovery head 13 are integrally joined together by means of a frame 16 and are moved in vertical and horizontal directions by means of unillustrated means.
The operation of the foregoing existing lead frame transport apparatus will now be described. First, an explanation will describe the lead frames 1 stacked by the inter-leaf stacking mode; that is, a case where the inter leaves 2 are sandwiched, respectively, between the lead frames 1. The transport head 10 is raised or lowered in the space above the magazine 3 to thereby vacuum-chuck the topmost lead frame 1 stored within the magazine 3. Prior to picking up the topmost lead frame 1 from the magazine 3 by vacuum chucking, the inter leaf 2 laid on the topmost lead frame 1 is picked up by the recovery head 13 and is recovered by the recovery section 7.
Next, the transport head 10 horizontally travels to the position immediately above the transport path 6 while maintaining the picked-up lead frame 1 and is lowered at the position, thereby loading the lead frame 1 on the transport path 6. On its way to the transport path 6, the lead frame 1 is subjected to a determination, by the two-sheet pick-up sensors 8a, 8b, as to whether or not two lead frames 1 are erroneously picked up. The lead frame 1 loaded on the transport path 6 is sent to a line for assembling electronic components, such as a die bonder.
Simultaneously with the transport head 10 being lowered to load the lead frame 1 on the transport 6, the recovery head 13 is lowered to the magazine 13, thereby vacuum-chucking the inter leaf 2. The recovery head 13 travels to the position immediately above the recovery section 7 while vacuum-chucking the inter leaf 2. Simultaneously with the transport head 10 being lowered to vacuum-chuck the next lead frame 1, the recovery head 13 releases the inter leaf 2 from a vacuum-chucked state, so that the recovered inter leaf 2 is placed on the recovery section 7.
Next, an explanation will describe lead frames stacked by the direct stacking mode. In this case, since there are no inter leaves 2 to be recovered by the recovery head 13, the recovery head 13 is in an idle state in which it does not perform a vacuum-chucking operation. Only the transport head 10 performs operations in the same manner as does in the foregoing case of the lead frames stacked by the inter-leaf stacking mode.
The lead frame 1 is manufactured by processing metal into a thin metal plate having light weight and a smooth surface. For this reason, when the lead frame 1 is picked up from a stack of lead frames-which are directly stacked in close contact with one another within the magazine 3-by vacuum chucking, so-called "two-sheet pick-up error"; that is, two frame leads instead of one being erroneously picked up by one operation, will occur with certain frequency. This error can be attributed to several reasons; that is, adhesion strength originating from the aforementioned surface smoothness, or minute burrs formed along the edges of the lead frames 1 meshing with one another. A technique for preventing such a two-sheet pick-up error has not yet been established. Therefore, in order to prevent two lead frames 1 from being transported, the lead frame transport apparatus performs the detection of two lead frames in the course of the lead frame 1 being transported to the transport path 6 from the magazine 3.
Since the two-sheet pick-up error does not occur with high frequency, it is not desirable to provide the lead frame transport apparatus with a recovery mechanism to recover the lead frames 1 in the event of two lead frames being picked up, from the viewpoint of cost. For this reason, when the two-sheet pick-up error sensors detect the picking up of two lead frames, an alarm is issued simultaneously with the lead frame transport apparatus being deactivated. The lead frame apparatus has the disadvantage of requiring restart of the lead frame transport apparatus after the operator has taken necessary steps, such as steps to manually recover the two lead frames 1.

Method of and apparatus for transporting lead frame

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A method and apparatus for managing a nested AND role in a directory server is described. In one embodiment, a plurality of entries is defined in the directory server. At least one of the plurality of entries possesses a role. An entry is queried to determine its possessed role. A nested AND role possesses at least two roles. An entry possesses the nested AND role by possessing all the roles within the nested AND role.

Light Weight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) has become very popular due to its efficient and fast data access. A large number of applications/services are currently being developed which use an LDAP directory as their centralized data repository.
The LDAP directory stores entries as a tree. Each entry may consist of one or more attribute names and attribute values. An entry may be uniquely identified by its distinguished name (DN) that may include a common name (cn) attribute of the entry and DN of a parent entry.
The contents of the entries are governed by an LDAP directory schema. The schema defines object classes, and each entry has an objectClass attribute containing named classes defined in the schema. The objectClass attribute may be multivalued, and contain the class "top" as well as some number of other classes. The schema definition for each class an entry belongs to defines what kind of object the entry may represent (e.g., a person, organization or domain). Membership in a particular class gives the entry the option of containing one set of attributes (optional attributes), and the obligation of containing another set of attributes (mandatory or required attributes). For example, an entry representing a person might belong to the class "person". Membership in the "person" class would require the entry to contain the "sn" and "cn" attributes, and allow the entry also to contain "userPassword", "telephoneNumber", and other attributes.
A typical directory tree organizes entries hierarchically. This structure may not be optimal for short-lived or changing organizatios where groupins can be made basd on an arbitrary user attribute. Furthermore, in a conventional directory system, a client application is tasked with determining the type of groupings desired and with providing the logic for search requests to achieve the desired results. This makes client software more complex, reduces performance and brings the potential for errors on the client, either accidental or deliberate.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A cutting tool which may be used in machining various material may include a body and one or more cutting elements associated therewith. In one example, the cutting element(s) may comprise a superhard table, such as a polycrystalline diamond table. In some embodiments, the polycrystalline diamond table may have a diamond density of approximately 95 percent volume or greater. In some embodiments, the thickness of the superhard table may be approximately 0.15 inch. In some embodiments, the superhard table may include a chip breaking feature or structure. Methods of shaping, finishing or otherwise machining materials are also provided, including the machining of materials comprising titanium.

Cutting tools are conventionally used in machining operations to remove material and form desired shapes and surfaces of a given object. For example, milling is a machining process wherein material is progressively removed in the form of "chips" to form a shape or surface from a given volume of material—often referred to as a workpiece. This may be accomplished by feeding the work piece into a rotating cutting tool (or vice-versa), often in a direction that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the cutting tool. Various types of cutters may be employed in milling operations, but most cutting tools include a body and one or more teeth (or cutting elements—which may be brazed or mechanically attached to the body) that cut into and remove material from the workpiece as the teeth of the rotating cutter engage the workpiece.
Nearly any solid material may be machined, including metals, plastics, composites and natural materials. Some materials are more easily machined than other types of materials, and the type of material being machined may dictate, to a large extent, the process that is undertaken to machine the workpiece, including the choice of cutting tool. For example, titanium and titanium alloys, while exhibiting a number of desirable mechanical and material characteristics, are notoriously difficult to machine.
While there are numerous reasons for the difficulty in milling titanium materials, some of them not entirely understood, some reasons may include its high strength, chemical reactivity with cutter materials, and low thermal conductivity. These characteristics tend to reduce the life of the cutter. Additionally, the relatively low Young's modulus of titanium materials is believed to lead to "chatter" in the cutting tool, often resulting in a poor surface finish of a machined workpiece. Further, the "chips" that are typically formed in machining processes such as milling are not typically small broken chips but, rather, long continuous chips which can become tangled in the machinery, posing a safety hazard and making it difficult to conduct automatic machining of titanium materials.
While there have been various attempts to provide cutting tools that provide desirable characteristics for machining various materials, including normally difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium, there is a continued desire in the industry to provide improved cutting tools for machining of a variety of materials and for use in a variety of cutting processes.

Cutting tool with PCD inserts, systems incorporating same and related methods


A doped, passivated graphene nanomesh includes a graphene nanomesh, a plurality of nanoholes formed in a graphene sheet, and a plurality of carbon atoms which are formed adjacent to the plurality of nanoholes; a passivating element bonded to the plurality of carbon atoms; and a dopant bonded to the passivating element, the dopant comprising one of an electron-donating element for making the graphene nanomesh an n-doped graphene nanomesh, and an electron-accepting element for making the graphene nanomesh a p-doped graphene nanomesh.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a doped, passivated graphene nanomesh, and more particularly, a doped, passivated graphene nanomesh which includes a passivating element and a dopant bonded to the passivating element.
2. Description of the Related Art
Current technology depends on decreasing the size of the transistor to make computers more powerful, faster and more energy efficient. As current efforts approach the miniaturization limit (the size of a single atom), alternative technologies are needed to continue improving integrated circuit performance. Optimization is carried on multiple fronts such as developing alternative architectures, new materials, new algorithms and new software.
FIG. 1A illustrates a graphene sheet 110, according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention. Graphene is a candidate material for semiconductor fabrication. It is a hexagonal lattice (e.g., a honeycomb) of carbon atoms (e.g., a two-dimensional network of single layer carbon atoms). It is a semimetal in that its conduction and valence bands just meet at discrete points in the Brillouin zone. It is an interesting of mix of semiconductor (zero density of states) and metal (zero bandgap).
An electron in graphene has an effective mass of zero and behaves more like a photon than a conventional massive particle. Graphene can carry huge current densities—about 108 A/cm2, which is roughly two orders of magnitude greater than copper.
A graphene layer may be epitaxially grown on any lattice-matched material, and has been used for many electronic applications. Such applications require the graphene to be doped to make it a semiconducting material. Conventionally, graphene is doped by adsorbing volatile compounds to its surface.
FIG. 1B illustrates a conventional field effect transistor (FET) 100 which includes the graphene sheet 110 (e.g., a graphene layer 110) epitaxially formed on and lattice-matched to, a single crystal insulative layer 120.
Separate portions of layer 110 form source region 110a and drain region 110b. Schematically depicted source and drain electrodes Vs and Vd, respectively, make electrical contact with source and drain regions 110a and 110b. A third portion of layer 110 forms a channel region 110c, which couples the source and drain regions to one another. The channel region 110c may include, for example, a doped graphene layer.
As is well known in the semiconductor and graphene device arts, the resistance/conductance of the channel region 110c is controlled by a gate 130 which includes a patterned gate insulator 130a disposed on channel region 110c and a gate electrode 130b formed on gate insulator 130a. Finally, a common (often grounded) electrode 140 is formed on the bottom of insulative layer 120.
In operation, when suitable voltages Vs and Vd are applied to the source and drain electrodes, respectively, current flows or is inhibited from the source region 110a to the drain region 110b (or conversely) depending on the gate voltage applied between electrodes 130b and 140. When the gate voltage Vg is sufficient to reduce electron transport by depleting the channel region 110c, the channel resistance increases and current flow decreases, and conversely.

Doped, passivated graphene nanomesh, method of making the doped, passivated graphene nanomesh, and semiconductor device including the doped, passivated graphene nanomesh

International Business Machines Incorporated


An apparatus for monitoring surroundings of a vehicle includes an imaging apparatus provided at the vehicle, a plurality of ultrasonic sensors provided around the imaging apparatus as a unit with the imaging apparatus, an object-position-detecting apparatus for detecting a position of an object appearing within an imaging range of the imaging apparatus on the basis of outputs of the plurality of the ultrasonic sensors and a display-controlling apparatus for performing a predetermined image processing for an image obtained by the imaging apparatus at a position corresponding to the position of the object detected by the object-position-detecting apparatus.

A technique for displaying information on circumstances of surroundings of an automotive in order to assist a driver in parking, or the like, so that a collision of a corner portion of a vehicle with another obstacle can be inhibited, is conventionally known. For example, JP2004-026012A (Patent document 1) discloses an apparatus for monitoring surroundings of a vehicle. In the apparatus for monitoring surroundings of the vehicle, a camera and an ultrasonic sensor, or the like, are made as a unit. In a situation where an obstacle is detected by the ultrasonic sensor, an image, which corresponds to the obstacle and which is obtained by the camera, is displayed in a display of a navigation system installed in the vehicle.
According to the Patent Document 1, in a situation where an obstacle is detected, the apparatus for monitoring surroundings of the vehicle merely displays an image obtained by the camera, which can obtain the image of the obstacle. Accordingly, a driver need to judge where an object that should be focused, such as an obstacle, is present in the displayed image. Therefore, there can be a situation where an obstacle is difficult to be recognized or grasped. Further, there can be a situation where a degree of helpfulness of information becomes thereby low.
A need thus exists for an apparatus for monitoring surroundings of a vehicle, which displays an obstacle, or the like, so that the obstacle can be easily recognized and thereby which can provide helpful information to a driver. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances and provides such an apparatus for monitoring surroundings of a vehicle.

Apparatus for monitoring surroundings of vehicle and sensor unit


A digital data radio transmission system for reproducing pre-velocity-modulation input frame data from the radio frame data subjected to velocity modulation and pulse insertion. The system includes a write counter that divides write clock pulses under control of frame position pulses to output write pulses; an elastic memory that temporarily stores the input frame data and the frame position pulses as per the write pulses; and a timing pulse generator that outputs control pulses in response to the supply of read clock pulses under control of the frame position pulses from the elastic memory. The system further comprises a read counter that divides the write clock pulses by the same number as with the division by the write counter to output read pulses; and a pulse inserting section that inserts pulses into the output frame data read from the elastic memory as per the read pulses to generate the radio frame data. Because the control operations involved are performed in accordance with the frame position pulses, the input frame data matches the radio frame data in terms of frame phase.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a digital data radio transmission system.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Digital data radio transmission systems involve having the transmitting side subject input frame data to velocity modulation and pulse insertion in order to transmit to the receiving side such signals as frame synchronizing, auxiliary and control signals. Generally, no compatibility exists between the format of input frame data and that of radio frame data after velocity modulation. This makes it impossible for a repeater station to reproduce the input frame data from the radio frame data. The same applies to a digital data radio transmission system that is built in accordance with the so-called network node interface (NNI) protocol.
A transmitter of a typical prior art digital data radio transmission system is described below with reference to FIG. 1. This transmitter subjects eight-bit parallel input data to velocity modulation and pulse insertion so as to generate eight-bit parallel output data for radio transmission to a repeater station.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a sextet write counter. The write counter 1 divides input write clock pulses WCK by six (6). The divided pulses are output as write pulses WP to an elastic memory 2. The elastic memory 2 is an eight (8) bit by six (6) bit memory that stores input frame data IFD whose format is defined by the NNI, as shown in FIG. 2A. The elastic memory 2 admits and stores the input frame data IFD as per the write pulses WP, and outputs the data in accordance with read pulses RP. The output data is data that has undergone velocity modulation.
The input frame data IFD depicted in FIG. 2A is eight-bit parallel data, one frame of which contains 2,430 bits. Each frame is assigned a frequency of 8 kHz. In addition, one frame comprises nine (9) sub-frames, i.e., 1 row through 9 row, each sub-frame being made of a nine-bit overhead part O shaded in the figure and a 261-bit payload part P. Maintenance-related signals are inserted into the overhead part P while communication information is inserted into the payload part P.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the write pulses RP destined to the elastic memory 2 are read from a read counter 3 comprising a sextet counter. The read counter 3 admits read clock pulses RCK and clock inhibit control pulses IP, and outputs the write pulses RP. The clock inhibit control pulses IP are generated by a timing pulse generator 4 that admits the read clock pulses RCK.
When the data in the elastic memory 2 is read therefrom in accordance with the read clock pulses RCK and is output as output frame data OFD, the clock inhibit control pulses IP are used to place blank bits in the date OFD. That is, as depicted in FIG. 2B showing the format of radio frame data RFD, each 270-bit sub-frame (#1-#8) is followed by a one-bit slot ST.
A pulse inserting section 5 shown in FIG. 1 inserts an auxiliary signal S in each slot ST. These slots and sub-frames constitue radio frame data RFD that is transmitted to a repeater station, not shown.
In the above-described prior art digital data radio transmission system, the input frame data IFD depicted in FIG. 2A is subjected to velocity modulation and then to pulse insertion so as to form the radio frame data RFD of FIG. 2B. Because the input frame data IFD is out of frame phase with the radio frame data RFD and because the radio frame data RFD after velocity modulation is slightly narrower in bit width than the input frame data IFD, the two kinds of data differ from each other in terms of frame period. The mismatch in frame period between input frame data and radio frame data makes it impossible to reproduce the IFD from the RFD.
More specifically, when a repeater station receives radio frame data RFD, the station cannot gain access to the overhead part 0 of input frame date IFD in the NNI-defined initial format and is hence incapable of reproducing the IFD. This disadvantage leads to further disadvantages including the inability of the repeater station to add, delete or modify the data it handles. Such problems have conventionally hampered the system operation considerably.


A method for treating back pain by stabilizing the sacroiliac joint. The method includes fusing a sacrum bone to an ilium bone or otherwise mechanically immobilizing the sacroiliac joint by inserting at least two implants into voids formed within or between the articular surfaces of each sacroiliac joint of a patient without substantially distracting the joint. The voids are arranged within each joint at either a converging orientation or a diverging orientation. A kit containing the implants and tools required to insert the implants into the joint are also described.

The sacroiliac joint is a diarthrodial joint that joins the sacrum to the ilium bones of the pelvis. In the sacroiliac joint, the sacral surface has hyaline cartilage that moves against fibrocartilage of the iliac surface. The spinal column is configured so that the weight of the upper body rests on the sacroiliac joints at the juncture of the sacrum and ilia. Stress placed on the sacroiliac joints in an upright position of the body makes the lower back susceptible to injury.
Disorders of the sacroiliac joint can cause low back and radiating buttock and leg pain in patients suffering from degeneration and/or laxity of the sacroiliac joint. In some cases, the sacroiliac joint can undergo degeneration of the cartilaginous surfaces of the joint, similar to other articulating joints, which causes significant pain. The sacroiliac joint is also susceptible to trauma, with resulting degeneration, fracture or instability. It is estimated that disorders of the sacroiliac joint are a source of pain for millions of people suffering from back and radicular symptoms.
Non-surgical treatments, such as medication, injection, mobilization, rehabilitation and exercise can be effective. However, they may fail to permanently relieve the symptoms associated with these disorders. Surgical treatment of these disorders includes stabilization and/or arthrodesis. Stabilization can include the use of bone screws that are directly threaded across the joint. Arthrodesis may include immobilization of a joint and the removal of all of part of the cartilage from within the joint, permitting bone growth across the joint and resulting in a permanent fusion. The present disclosure describes an improvement over these prior art technologies.


An outboard motor support device for securing an outboard motor to a transom of a boat which comprises a tie down bracket, a support, and a tie down strap. The tie down bracket being secured to the transom of the boat while the support is rotatably mounted to the motor such that when the motor is in an up position, the support can rotate about its mounting point to contact and support the motor. The tie down strap then passes behind the motor and is secured to the tie down bracket. This secures the motor between the support and the tie down strap providing additional support.

The invention pertains to supporting an outboard motor when it is mounted to a boat and placed in an up position. More particularly, it pertains to an outboard motor support device.
Fishing is one of the most popular recreational activities in North America. There are over 30 million anglers in the United States.
Over the past 25 years, there have been significant advances in fishing techniques and equipment. Magazines devoted to fishing in general, and even to specific species of fish have become popular and successful. Television programs about fishing and demonstrating fishing techniques and equipment are seen weekly. Sports and outdoor shows and expositions typically feature seminars by leading professional anglers; and video tapes demonstrating fishing techniques are proved to be popular.
Professional tournament fishing has steadily grown in popularity over the past two decades. Professional bass tournaments featuring large purses are conducted throughout the United States and are the subject of regular television programs. More recently, professional walleye tournaments have seen a similar rise in popularity.
Tournament fishing has led to many improvements in fishing techniques and technology as the professional anglers are constantly seeking to obtain a winning edge over competitors. In tournament walleye fishing, there has been a continuing trend toward larger boats with larger outboard motors. Where a 16 foot boat with a 40 or 50 horsepower tiller-controlled outboard motor was commonplace 10 years ago, tournament walleye fishing boats now are typically about 18 to 20 feet in length with an outboard motor in the range of 150 to 225 horsepower. These large boats and motors are needed to travel long distances on large bodies of water, since most professional walleye tournaments plays on large bodies of water in the Northern United States or Canada, such as the Great Lakes, the Mississippi River, the Missouri River, Lake Winnebago in Wisconsin, and Mille Lacs and Lake of the Woods in Minnesota.
A tournament walleye fishing boat is typically equipped with two other motors in addition to the main outboard motor: a bow mounted electric trolling motor and an auxiliary or "kicker" outboard motor mounted on the transom alongside the main outboard.
The electric trolling motor is used for precise boat positioning and movement. The electric trolling motor is quiet, which can be an advantage in shallow water. On the other hand, electric trolling motors have less thrust than either the main outboard or the kicker.
The kicker motor has become popular as trolling has become a widely used and very effective way of catching walleyes. The kicker motor is generally less than 20 horsepower, with 9.9 horsepower being the most common outboard motor used as a kicker. These smaller outboard motors were originally designed for smaller fishing boats, rather than as an auxiliary motor for a much larger boat.
The kicker motor can be used in a forward direction to troll at precise slow speeds (typically less than 3 miles per hour and in some cases less than 1 mile per hour). The kicker motor can also be used to "back troll", a technique in which the kicker motor is driven in reverse. This results in the boat moving very slowly in a reverse direction, or simply holding its place against current or waves in order to allow the angler to maintain a position over a particular underwater structure.
The increasing use of kicker motors, however, has lead to problems. When the boat is being driven at high speed from one location to another, the kicker motor must be tilted in its up position so that the lower unit of the kicker motor is out of the water. This avoids damage to the kicker motor, and also prevents the associated drag which would otherwise occur. However, when the boat is traveling at higher speeds, the pounding and bouncing of the boat across the water creates a stress on the bracket of the kicker motor, which can cause the bracket to break. This is especially true when the boat is running through swells. As the boat comes down hard from the top of a swell, the kicker motor's lower unit is snapped up pointing almost straight out from the transom of the boat. Then, when the boat bottoms out, the lower unit smashes down placing an extraordinary amount of force or stress on the bracket. These forces and stresses have been known to break the bracket which secures the kicker motor to the transom, and in some cases they have even broken a portion of the transom off of the boat where the bracket of the kicker is secured.
Designers have attempted to re-engineer the bracket to increase its strength. However, these efforts have been unsuccessful in overcoming the stresses associated with boats running through swells. Thus, there exists no known device to adequately support and secure a kicker motor in an up position while traveling over water at higher speeds.


A display control system disclosed herein includes a display device including a display surface for displaying an image, a plurality of first coding patterns representing positions on the display surface being provided to overlap on the display surface; an input unit including an input surface containing a plurality of second coding patterns different from the first coding patterns, the second coding patterns representing the positions on the display surface; and a reading device reading the first and second coding patterns. Each of the first coding patterns represents the position on the display surface where the corresponding first coding pattern is positioned, and each of the second coding patterns represents the position on the display surface associated with the corresponding second coding pattern.

1. Field
The technology disclosed herein relates to a display control system.
2. Description of the Related Art
Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-20402 discloses a display control system including a sheet, a pen, and a display device. A point on the sheet is pointed to with the pen, and thereby, the pen obtains the position pointed to on the sheet, and the obtained position is output to the display device. The display device obtains the position on the display surface corresponding to the position being input from the pen, and performs the display control of the position. Thus, the display control system enables representing, on the display surface, the trace of the pen on the sheet, what is called, the handwriting input, for example.

PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY  MANAGEMENT CO., LTD.


A new and distinct cultivar of hybrid tea rose plant is disclosed which exhibits good resistance to powdery mildew. Said cultivar is characterized by non-fragrant flowers, very high crop production, good self-rooting, and high stem break forth.

The mutation was first discovered on a plant of the variety Meikola (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 5,607) as a single branch with a flower distinctly different from the flowers on the other branches. The Meikola plant on which the branch was found was grown in a cultivar area, in the Sierra of Quito, Ecuador, with average night temperature of 5.degree.-14.degree. C., and day temperature of 9.degree.-23.degree. C. From this plant the branch was taken, and cut into cuttings that were brought to Israel.
The cuttings were self-rooted in a greenhouse, in Moshav Ha'Yogev, Israel. From the resulting plants, further plants were vegatatively propagated, also by self-rooting.
Asexual reproduction of this new cultivar as performed at Moshav Ha'Yogev, Israel, shows that the foregoing characteristics and distinctions came true to form and are established and transmistted through succeeding propagations.
The resulting plants were found to be stable in their botanical characteristics as described below and shown in the attached Figure.
The following is a description of the characteristics of my new rose cultivar which distinguishes it from cultivars of which I am aware, especially from Meikola:
1. Distinct larger number of petals.
2. Distinct differences of color, a much darker pink.


This invention relates to the use of pyridyldiamido and/or quinolinyldiamido transition metal complexes and catalyst systems with an activator and a metal hydrocarbenyl chain transfer agent, such as an aluminum vinyl-transfer agent (AVTA), to produce branched ethylene copolymers, preferably ethylene-butene, ethylene-hexene and ethylene-octene copolymers.

Pyridyldiamido transition metal complexes are disclosed in US 2015/0141601; US 2014/0316089; US 2012/0071616; US 2011/0301310; US 2011/0224391; and US 2010/0022726, where such complexes are useful as catalyst components for the polymerization of olefins.
US 2015/0141596; US 2015/0141590; and US 2014/0256893 describe the production of polyolefins using pyridyldiamido catalysts in the presence of chain-transfer agents that do not feature transferrable vinyl groups.
Macromolecules 2002, 35, 6760-6762 discloses propene polymerization with tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, 7-octenyldiisobutylaluminum, and racMe2Si(2-Me-indenyl)2ZrCl2 or Ph2C(cyclopentadienyl)(fluorenyl)ZrCl2 to produce polypropylene with octenyldiisobutylaluminum incorporated as a comonomer.
Japanese. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (2004), JP 2004-83773-A describes the preparation of polypropylene in the presence of trialkenylaluminum using metallocene and Ziegler-Natta catalysts.
Macromolecules 1995, 28, 437-443 describes the formation of isotactic polypropylene containing vinyl end groups by the Ziegler-Natta catalyzed polymerization of propylene in the presence of dialkenylzincs.
Macromolecules 2002, 35, 3838-3843 describes the formation of long-chain branched polypropylene via the insertion of in situ formed vinyl-terminated polypropylene into growing polymer chains.
Macromolecules 2002, 35, 9586-9594 describes the formation of long-chain branched copolymers of ethylene and alpha olefins via the insertion of in situ formed vinyl-terminated polymer into growing polymer chains.
Eur. Pat. Appl. (2012), EP 2436703 A1 describes the production of comb architecture branch block copolymers in a process that uses dual catalysts and a zinc-based polymerizable chain shuttling agent.
WO 2007/035492 describes the production of long-chain branched and branch block copolymers by polymerization of alkene monomers in the presence of a zinc-based polymerizable shuttling agent.
WO 2016/102690 discloses preparation of branched polyolefin using a metal hydrocarbyl chain transfer agent.
References of interest also include: 1) Vaughan, A; Davis, D. S.; Hagadorn, J. R. in Comprehensive Polymer Science, Vol. 3, Chapter 20, "Industrial catalysts for alkene polymerization"; 2) Gibson, V. C.; Spitzmesser, S. K. Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 283; and 3) Britovsek, G. J. P.; Gibson, V. C.; Wass, D. F. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 428; 4) US 2002/0142912; 5) U.S. Pat. No. 6,900,321; 6) U.S. Pat. No. 6,103,657; 7) WO 2005/095469; 8) US 2004/0220050A1; 9) WO 2007/067965; 10) Froese, R. D. J. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, pp. 7831-7840; 11) WO 2010/037059; 12) US 2010/0227990 A1; 13) WO 2002/38628 A2; 14) US 2014/0256893; 15) Guerin, F.; McConville, D. H.; Vittal, J. J., Organometallics, 1996, 15, p. 5586.
There is still a need in the art for new and improved catalyst systems for the polymerization of olefins, in order to achieve specific polymer properties, such as long chain branching, high vinyl content, to increase conversion or comonomer incorporation, or to alter comonomer distribution.

Branched ethylene copolymers produced via use of vinyl transfer agents and processes for production thereof


A process for the fractionation of fenugreek seeds (Trigonelle foenum-graecum) and extraction of the various fractions thereof. The process has a high yield rate, and provides a number of high-quality fractions of the fenugreek seed including a soluble dietary fiber fraction, de-flavored fenugreek seed, high-protein fenugreek meal, and dioscin and other saponins, along with the fenugreek oleoresins which have conventional commercial use.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) has attracted considerable interest as a natural source of soluble dietary fiber and diosgenin (sapogenins). The fenugreek seed contains a central hard, yellow embryo surrounded by a corneous and comparatively large layer of white, semi-transparent endosperm. This endosperm contains galactomannan gum. The endosperm is surrounded by a tenacious, dark brown husk. The color of the gum fraction depends upon the amount of outer husk (brown color) and cotyledon (yellow color) present.
There are commercial uses for the various fractions of the fenugreek seed. The commercial fenugreek oleoresins are used as an ingredient for imitation maple flavors and is effective in butter, butterscotch, black walnut, nut and spice flavors. Another fraction of the fenaugreek seed has been found to be a quantity of saponins. Fenugreek seed saponins are steriodal in nature with diosgenin as the main sapogenin. Disogenin is used by the drug industry as a precursor to progesterone (steriod hormones) which is used in the manufacturing of oral contraceptives.
Currently, the pharmaceutical industry use either synthetic or natural diosgenin for progesterone production. Some manufacturers are very apprehensive in switching to natural product because of supply and impurity problems associated with the natural product and as such the reliable production of natural diosgenin would have significant market potential.
Saponins have many flavoring, sweetening, antioxidant, foaming, complexing, sequestration, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial properties. They could be used as an antioxidant, emulsifier, surfactant, ingredient for nutraceutical in food, drug, health food and cosmetic industry and as such represent another value-added fraction for recovery. Until recently, saponins have been largely overlooked except in cases where their presence was considered toxic. There are human benefits to the use of galactomannans as well. In particular, it has been reported that fenugreek galactomannan is most evident in the lowering of cholesterol in both liver and blood plasma..sup.1 FNT .sup.1 A. J. Evans et al., "Relationship Between Structure and Function of Dietary Fiber: A Comparative Study of the Effects of Three Galactomannans on Cholesterol", (1992) British J. Nut, 68(1):217-229.

Method of extraction of commercially valuable fractions of fenugreek


A clock security ring provides improved clock system error detection and (a.c.) fault isolation. The clock security ring is formed by a plurality of fault detection circuits and a plurality of error collection circuits each receiving inputs from respective subsets of the plurality of fault detection circuits. The error collection circuits comprise a logical network which provides a detected fault output for any fault pattern which leaves at least one fault detection circuit in a predefined correct state. Each of the subsets of fault detection circuits has an arbitrary grouping of fault detection circuits plus one fault detection circuit from an adjacent subset to thereby form a ring structure. The outputs of the error collection circuits are analyzed to provide fault isolation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to clock systems for computers and, more particularly, to a clock security ring for improved clock system error detection and a.c. fault isolation.
2. Description of the Prior Art
U.S. Pat. No. 4,800,564 to John J. DeFazio et al. describes a method and apparatus for testing a clock distribution network for a.c. and d.c. faults. The method described is suitable for use on computers with a latch scanning capability and provides a.c. and d.c. fault detection and d.c. fault isolation. The apparatus is illustrated in FIG. 1 and includes fault detection circuits 10 and 12, inverting delay circuits 14 and 16, and an error collection circuit 18. The error collection circuit 18 has several inputs, each of which is the output of one fault detection circuit. An arbitrary number of fault detection circuits may feed a single error collection circuit.
As described in the DeFazio et al. patent, the error collection circuit 18 detects the presence of a fault by determining if one of the fault detector outputs is in the opposite state of the other fault detector outputs. One possible implementation of the error collection circuit 18 is illustrated in FIG. 2 and comprises an Exclusive OR network of an even number of inputs. In this illustrative example, the Exclusive OR network comprises three Exclusive OR gates 22, 24 and 26, with Exclusive OR gates 22 and 24 receiving inputs from detectors A and B and from detectors C and D, respectively. The error collection circuit 18 has a single output from Exclusive OR gate 26 for rendering an error signal if a fault is detected.
The error collection circuit of FIG. 2 has a number of limitations. This error collection circuit will only detect some of the possible faults. The circuit renders an error output when one of the fault detector outputs is in the opposite state of the remaining fault detector outputs; however, the circuit will not render an error output in all cases where more than one of the fault detector outputs is in an incorrect state. For example, in the Exclusive OR network shown in FIG. 2, if the outputs of both detector A and detector B are in an incorrect state, then the error output will remain inactive.
In addition, because only a single error output is provided, it is not possible to determine which of the fault detectors is in an erroneous state, or even to determine some subset of the fault detectors as possibly in error. The DeFazio et al. patent describes a method for isolating d.c. (or stuck) faults, but not a.c. (or intermittent) faults.
An additional problem with the DeFazio et al. technique is that it is expensive to implement in large computing systems where fault detectors may be required on many chips. In this case, each of the fault detector outputs must be brought to some central point for error collection. In a system with, say, one hundred chips, each with one clock fault detector, the error collecting strategy described by DeFazio et al. requires one output per chip to report the fault detector states and one hundred chip inputs for error collection. A logic network which combined the one hundred fault detector outputs to determine if an error occurred would be large and could have substantial delay. No provision is made for dividing the fault detectors among several error collection circuits.