In order to efficiently and steadily remove a frequency-fluctuating interference wave, for instance, a leakage wave of a household electronic oven, intermixed into a received wave for communication, adaptively to the frequency deviation and the frequency fluctuation of the interference wave, a rejection band component included in the received wave applied onto a circulator an output terminal of which is connected with a variable band rejection filter is reflected from the output terminal on which impedance mismatch is caused by zero-impedance presented by the rejection filter on the basis of absorption of input wave and applied to a detector through the circulator again, in response to a detection output of which a so-called mountaineering control is effected on the variable band rejection filter for shifting the rejection band, so as to maximize the detection output of the detector adaptively to the frequency deviation and the frequency fluctuation of the interference wave.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a frequency-fluctuating interference removed receiver for electromagnetic communication, provided for removing a frequency-fluctuating interference wave, for instance, leaked from a household electronic oven, which is intermixed into a received wave, for instance, of the spread spectrum communication, the spectra of which are spread over an allotted wide frequency range by doubly modulating a wave modulated in the base band through a code train, particularly so as to facilitate the efficient and steady removal of the interfering wave, which is adapted to the frequency fluctuation of the interfering wave.
2. Related Art Statement
For example, in the spread spectrum communication, generally, the spectra of the carrier wave modulated by a base band information signal is spread over a wide frequency range by the double modulation effected by the pulse code train and the like, so that, the deterioration of the desired-to-undesired reception ratio of the received wave is not so large and hence removal of the interfering wave has deliberately not been employed or no more than a simple band rejection through a fixed rejection band similar to that used in ordinary communication has been employed.
However, in the conventional case that the interfering wave is removed by employing the simple fixed band rejection filter, even for removing an interfering wave such as the leakage wave of the household electronic oven, which has a wide deviation and a great fluctuation of the frequency over the allotted range, a conventional band rejection filter having a fixed wide rejection band corresponding to the deviation and fluctuation of the interfering frequency is used. Consequently, even though the spread spectrum communication is provided with the signal spectra spread over the allotted wide frequency range, the deterioration of the quality of the demodulation output thereof is really caused by the lack of signal spectra in the wide rejection band together with the removal of the interfering wave.

Frequency-fluctuating interference removed receiver


A furniture fitting for moving a furniture part movably supported relative to a furniture carcass includes a first fitting portion to be fixed to a furniture carcass, and a second fitting portion to be fixed to a movable furniture part. The second fitting portion is pivotally connected to the first fitting portion, and a limiting device limits an opening angle of a relative pivoting movement of the first and second fitting portion. The limiting device includes at least one movably mounted actuating element, and the opening angle can be adjusted by a manual or by a tool-assisted actuation of the actuating element.

The present invention relates to a furniture fitting for moving a furniture part movably supported relative to a furniture carcass, comprising:                a first fitting portion to be fixed to a furniture carcass,        a second fitting portion to be fixed to a movable furniture part, wherein the second fitting portion is pivotally connected to the first fitting portion,        a limiting device for limiting an opening angle of a relative pivoting movement of the first and second fitting portion.
The invention further concerns an item of furniture comprising a furniture carcass, a furniture part movably supported relative to the furniture carcass and such a furniture fitting for moving the movable furniture part.
By a limiting device for limiting a maximum opening angle of the furniture fitting, collisions of the movable furniture part with laterally adjacent cabinets or with a room ceiling can be prevented. Furniture fittings with such limiting devices are, for example, known from WO 2011/069179 A1 and DE 20 2004 010 842 U1, in which stops in the form of clamps can be snapped onto a hinge axis member of the furniture fitting. Upon a pivoting movement of the furniture fitting, a movably mounted portion of the furniture fitting abuts against that clamp, so that the maximum pivoting path of the furniture fitting is limited. A disadvantage is the fact that each of the clamps only limit a predefined pivoting angle and, as a result, clamps of different sizes are required for obtaining different opening angles. There is also the danger that the clamps become detached from the hinge axis member and get lost, whereby the desired limiting of the opening angle of the furniture fitting can no longer be ensured.


A secure computer system including a client having a client database for locally-authenticating a user; and a server, in communication with the client, having a server database for remotely-authenticating the user in response to a request from the client. The system also provides updating of the client database according to results of the local and remote authentication.

Authentication and authorization are important aspects of any security system, including computer security systems. "Authentication" refers to the verification of the identity of a person or process before they perform other system actions. In a communication system, authentication may involve simply verifying that a message comes from its stated source. For example, a bank might compare the signature on a hand-written check to a sample signature on file. Like signatures, however, many other forms of personal identification can also be forged. Consequently, so-called "strong authentication" uses a combination of items belonging to at least two of the following three categories: 1) personal knowledge (such as a password or personal identification number); 2) personal possessions (such a cardkey or other physical token); and 3) personal characteristics (such as a handwriting sample, voiceprint, fingerprint, or retina scan).
In general terms, "authorization" is the process of enforcing policies for authenticated entities, such as policies for determining what types of activities, resources, or services may be used. Typically, once an entity has been authenticated, the authorization process will determine whether that entity has the authority to issue certain commands. For example, in the check-writing scenario described above, a bank might confirm the availability of funds in the payer's account before following the instruction on the check to transfer funds to the payee. Similarly, in an electronic computer system, the authorization process may automatically provide an authenticated individual (who is logged on with the correct username and password) with the authority to issue any command. In fact, "access control" is the primary means for enforcing authorization policies by granting, denying, and/or terminating access to an unauthorized process or device.
Authentication, authorization, and accounting ("AAA") is a term that is sometimes used to describe a general framework for intelligently controlling access to computer resources, enforcing policies, auditing usage, and providing the information necessary to manage those resources. Various Requests for Comments ("RFC's") of the Internet Engineering Task Force ("IETF") discuss such a framework and are incorporated by reference here, including RFC 2903 entitled "Generic AAA Architecture," RFC 2904 entitled "AAA Authorization Framework," RFC 2905 entitled "AAA Authorization Application Examples," and RFC 2906 entitled "AAA Authorization Requirements." In general terms, these documents describe a system where an "AAA server" is used to provide authentication, authorization, and/or accounting services in response to a user's request. The AAA server inspects the contents of the request, determines what authorization is requested, retrieves policy rules from a repository, and then either grants the requested access or passes along the request to another AAA server.
One standard protocol by which many devices and applications communicate with an AAA server is the Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service ("RADIUS") described in Request for Comment ("RFC") 2865, and others, of the Internet Engineering Task Force ("IETF") which is also incorporated by reference here. RADIUS is a client/server protocol that enables remote access servers to communicate with a central server in order to authenticate dial-in users and authorize their access to a requested system or service. RADIUS allows an organization to maintain user profiles in a central database that all remote servers can share. It thus provides for improved security by allowing computer resource owners to administer their authorization policies at a single network point.
RADIUS and other such security protocols that rely on centralized databases for authorization can be quite slow, especially when implemented with low capacity communications networks. For example, in many prior art systems, authentication requires digitally signing the request, as well as the exchange of information called "credentials" between the requester and the server. The authentication process can therefore impose significant overhead on the operation of distributed computer systems, especially when the number of requests transmitted is high.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,235,642 to Wobber et al. discloses an apparatus and method for making such access control systems more efficient by caching authentication credentials. A computer at each node of a distributed system has a trusted computing base that includes an authentication agent for authenticating requests received from principals at other nodes in the system. Requests are transmitted to the servers as messages that include a first identifier (called an Auth ID) provided by the requester and a second identifier provided (called the subchannel value) by the authentication agent of the requester node.
Each server process has an associated local cache that identifies requesters whose previous request messages have been authenticated. When a request is received, the server checks the request's first and second identifiers against the entries in its local cache. If there is a match, then the request is known to be authentic, without having to obtain authentication credentials from the requester's node.
If the identifier in a request message does not match any of the entries in the server's local cache, then the server node's authentication agent is called to obtain authentication credentials from the requester's node to authenticate the request message. Upon receiving the required credentials from the requester node's authentication agent, the principal identifier of the requester and the received credentials are stored in a local cache by the server node's authentication agent. The server process also stores a record in its local cache indicating that request messages from the specified requester are known to be authentic, thereby expediting the process of authenticating received requests.
Although the Wobber et al. server cache may help minimize server loads, it does not address the problem of communication load and/or lag times between the client requester and the server.

Computer security with local and remote authentication

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


Manufacturing multiple solid state capacitors includes providing a metal substrate layer; forming on an upper surface of the substrate layer a plurality of upstanding bodies consisting of porous sintered valve-action metal; forming a dielectric layer on the bodies; forming a cathode layer on the dielectric layer; coating a top end of each upstanding body with at least one conducting intermediary layer by liquid or vapor phase deposition or by application of an immobilized flowable composition such as a solidifiable paste; forming an intimate physical contact between the cathode layer and the intermediate layer; encapsulating side walls of each body with an electrically insulating material; and dividing the processed substrate into a plurality of individual capacitor bodies each having a sleeve of encapsulating material, an anode terminal surface portion at one end consisting of exposed substrate and a cathode terminal surface portion at the other end consisting of exposed intermediary layer.

A massed production method for solid state tantalum capacitors is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,357,399 (inventor Ian Salisbury). This method involves providing a substrate wafer of solid tantalum, forming a sintered, highly porous, layer of tantalum on the substrate, sawing the layer of porous tantalum with an orthogonal pattern of channels to produce an array of upstanding porous tantalum rectilinear bodies, anodising the cubes to produce a dielectric layer on the bodies, dipping the bodies in manganese nitrate solution and heating to convert the applied solution to manganese dioxide thereby to form a cathode layer, applying respective conducting layers of carbon and then silver onto top ends of each body, bonding a lid consisting of a wafer of solid metal onto the silver layer; injecting insulating resin material into the channels between bodies constrained by the substrate and lid; and slicing the assembly in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the waters and along the centre lime of each channel thereby to produce a plurality of capacitors in which the anode terminal consists of substrate material, the cathode terminal consists of lid material and the capacitive body consists of the coated porous tantalum body.
This method allows the production of highly compact, reliable capacitors of high volumetric efficiency. However with the continued miniaturization of components demanded by the electronics industry there is pressure to produce ever smaller and more efficient capacitors.


A Coriolis mass flow measuring device comprises a measuring device electronics as well as, connected thereto, a measuring transducer comprising at least one measuring tube, an oscillation exciter for oscillating the at least one measuring tube and, mutually spaced along the measuring tube, two oscillation sensors for generating oscillation signals representing oscillations of the measuring tube. The measuring tube is adapted to be flowed through by a medium and during that to be caused to vibrate in such a manner that the measuring tube executes wanted oscillations having a wanted frequency. The wanted oscillations are suitable to induce in the flowing medium, dependent on its mass flow rate, Coriolis forces suitable for bringing about a measurement effect of a first type, namely Coriolis oscillations of the wanted frequency superimposed on the wanted oscillations. These Coriolis oscillations are, in turn, suitable to induce in the medium centrifugal forces dependent on its mass flow rate and on its density. These centrifugal forces bring about a measurement effect of a second type, namely, superimposed on the Coriolis oscillations, centrifugal oscillations of the wanted frequency. The measuring device electronics is, among other things, adapted, based on the oscillation signals, to generate at least one mass flow, measured value, representing the mass flow rate, in such a manner that a dependence of a phase difference existing between wanted signal components of the oscillation signals is taken into consideration by the measurement effect of second type.

Used in industrial measurements technology, especially also in connection with control and monitoring of automated manufacturing processes, for ascertaining mass flow rates of media such as liquids and/or gases flowing in a process line, for example, a pipeline, are often Coriolis mass flow measuring devices formed by means of a measuring device electronics as well as a measuring transducer of vibration type electrically connected with said measuring device electronics. Coriolis mass flow measuring devices have been known for a long time and have proven themselves in industrial use. Examples of such measuring devices are described e.g. in US-A 2007/0119264, US-A 2010/0257943, US-A 2011/0265580, U.S. Pat. No. 5,287,754, U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,792, U.S. Pat. No. 5,531,126, U.S. Pat. No. 5,602,345, U.S. Pat. No. 5,731,527, U.S. Pat. No. 5,796,010, U.S. Pat. No. 5,796,011, U.S. Pat. No. 5,945,609, U.S. Pat. No. 6,006,609, U.S. Pat. No. 6,092,429, U.S. Pat. No. 6,223,605, U.S. Pat. No. 6,311,136, U.S. Pat. No. 6,513,393, U.S. Pat. No. 6,840,109, U.S. Pat. No. 6,920,798, U.S. Pat. No. 7,017,424, U.S. Pat. No. 7,077,014, U.S. Pat. No. 7,325,462, WO A 01/02 816, and WO A 99/40 394.
Each of the therein disclosed measuring transducers comprises at least one, essentially straight or at least sectionally curved, measuring tube for conveying the medium. The measuring tube is additionally especially adapted to be flowed through by the medium and during that to be caused to vibrate in such a manner that it executes about an imaginary oscillation axis, most often an axis parallel to an imaginary longitudinal axis of the measuring transducer, bending oscillations—herein referred to as wanted oscillations or also wanted mode—having a wanted frequency corresponding to a resonant frequency of the measuring transducer. The wanted oscillations of the measuring tube serve in the case of Coriolis mass flow measuring devices, among other things, for inducing in the flowing medium Coriolis forces dependent on the instantaneous mass flow rate. These Coriolis forces, in turn, bring about a measurement effect dependent on the mass flow rate, namely Coriolis oscillations with the wanted frequency superimposed on the wanted oscillations. In the case of measuring transducers with curved measuring tubes, e.g. formed U-, V- or -like, selected for the wanted oscillations is usually a fundamental mode of a bending oscillation or an oscillation form corresponding to a next higher ordered, symmetric, bending oscillation mode, in the case of which oscillation form the at least one measuring tube moves about the imaginary oscillation axis in a pendulum like manner like the oscillations of a cantilever clamped at one end. The Coriolis oscillations resulting therefrom correspond to that eigenoscillation form—at times, also referenced as twist mode—, in the case of which the measuring tube executes rotary oscillations about an imaginary rotation axis directed perpendicularly to the imaginary oscillation axis, most often also parallel to an imaginary vertical axis of the measuring transducer. In the case of measuring transducers with straight measuring tubes, in contrast, selected for the purpose of producing Coriolis forces is often such a wanted mode, in the case of which the measuring tube executes, at least partially, bending oscillations essentially in a single imaginary plane of oscillation, so that the Coriolis oscillations are embodied accordingly as bending oscillations, which are coplanar with the wanted oscillations. Due to the Coriolis oscillations, there exists between inlet-side and outlet-side, oscillatory movements of the vibrating measuring tube a travel time, respectively phase difference, dependent on the mass flow rate, and, consequently, usable as measurement effect for the mass flow measurement. Since the wanted frequency is, especially, also dependent on the instantaneous density of the medium, besides the mass flow rate, supplementally also the density of flowing media can be measured by means of market-usual Coriolis mass flow measuring devices. Furthermore, it is also possible, such as disclosed, among other things, in the initially mentioned US-A 2011/0265580, by means of such measuring transducer of vibration type, consequently therewith formed Coriolis mass flow measuring devices, directly to measure viscosity of the flowing medium, for example, based on an excitation power required for exciting, respectively maintaining, the wanted oscillations.
In the case of measuring transducers with two measuring tubes, these are most often connected into the process line via a distributor piece extending on the inlet-side between the measuring tubes and an inlet-side, connecting flange as well as via a distributor piece extending on the outlet-side between the measuring tubes and an outlet-side, connecting flange. In the case of measuring transducers with a single measuring tube, the latter communicates most often with the process line via a connecting tube on the inlet-side as well as via a connecting tube on the outlet-side. Furthermore, measuring transducers with a single measuring tube include at least one counteroscillator of one piece or a plurality of parts, for example, a tube-, box- or plate-shaped, counteroscillator, which is coupled with the measuring tube on the inlet-side to form a first coupling zone and with the measuring tube on the outlet-side to form a second coupling zone. During operation, the counteroscillator essentially rests or oscillates opposite equally relative to the measuring tube thus with equal frequency and opposite phase. The inner part of the measuring transducer formed by means of measuring tube and counteroscillator is most often held in a protective measuring transducer housing alone by means of the two connecting tubes, via which the measuring tube communicates during operation with the process line. Especially, this assembly is accomplished in a manner enabling oscillations of the inner part relative to measuring transducer housing. In the case of the measuring transducers disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,291,792, U.S. Pat. No. 5,796,010, U.S. Pat. No. 5,945,609, U.S. Pat. No. 7,077,014, US-A 2007/0119264, WO A 01/02 816 or and WO A 99/40 394 having a single, essentially straight, measuring tube, the latter and the counteroscillator are, such as quite usual in the case of conventional measuring transducers, oriented essentially coaxially with one another, in that the counteroscillator is embodied as an essentially straight, hollow cylinder and is so arranged in the measuring transducer that the measuring tube is at least partially jacketed by the counteroscillator. Used as materials for such counteroscillators, especially also in the case of application of titanium, tantalum or zirconium for the measuring tube, are, most often, comparatively cost effective steel types, such as, for instance, structural steel or free machining steel.
For active exciting, respectively maintaining, of the wanted oscillations, measuring transducers of vibration type have, additionally, an exciter mechanism formed by means of at least one electromechanical oscillation exciter acting during operation differentially on the at least one measuring tube and the, in given cases, present counteroscillator, respectively the, in given cases, present, other measuring tube. The oscillation exciter, most often an electrodynamic oscillation exciter, serves, driven by an electrical exciter signal, for example, having a controlled electrical current, generated by the mentioned measuring device electronics and correspondingly conditioned, especially to convert an electrical excitation power fed therewith into a corresponding drive force effecting the wanted oscillations, for example, also in such a manner that the wanted oscillations have a constant oscillation amplitude. Oscillation exciters of usually marketed measuring transducers of vibration type are typically constructed as a kind of oscillatory coil, namely, in the case of measuring transducers with a measuring tube and a thereto coupled counteroscillator, formed of a magnet coil most often affixed to the latter as well as a permanent magnet serving as magnet armature correspondingly affixed to the measuring tube to be moved and interacting with the at least one magnet coil. The permanent magnet and the magnet coil are, in such case, usually so oriented, that they extend essentially coaxially with respect to one another. Additionally in the case of conventional measuring transducers, the oscillation exciter is most often so embodied and placed that it acts essentially centrally on the at least one measuring tube. Alternatively to an exciter mechanism formed by means of oscillation exciters acting centrally and directly on the measuring tube, it is also an option, such as set forth, among other things, in the initially mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 6,092,429, for example, also to use exciter mechanisms formed by means of two oscillation exciters affixed not in the center of the measuring tube, but, instead, rather on the inlet, respectively outlet, sides thereof, or, such as provided, among other things, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,223,605 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,531,126, for example, also exciter mechanisms formed by means of an oscillation exciter acting between the, in given cases, present counteroscillator and the measuring transducer housing.
For registering inlet-side, respectively outlet-side, oscillations of the at least one measuring tube, not least of all of its oscillations with the wanted frequency, and for producing the electrical oscillation signals influenced for measuring mass flow rate, measuring transducers of the type being discussed have, furthermore, two or more oscillation sensors spaced from one another along the measuring tube. Such oscillation sensors are so adapted that therewith generated oscillation signals led to the measuring device electronics have a wanted signal component with a signal frequency corresponding to the wanted frequency and that the aforementioned travel time, respectively phase difference, is measurable between a wanted signal component of an oscillatory signal representing inlet-side oscillations and a wanted signal component of an oscillatory signal representing outlet-side oscillations. In the case of measuring transducers of usually marketed Coriolis mass flow measuring devices, the oscillation sensors are essentially embodied of equal construction as that of the at least one oscillation exciter, at least, insofar as they work according to the same principle of action, for example, being again of electrodynamic type. Accordingly, the oscillation sensors of such a sensor arrangement are also most often likewise, in each case, formed by means of a permanent magnet affixed to the measuring tube and at least one coil (for example, a coil affixed on the, in given cases, present, other measuring tube or on the, in given cases, present counteroscillator) permeated by a magnetic field of the permanent magnet. As a result of the oscillatory movements of the at least one measuring tube, the coil then experiences, at least at times, an induced measurement voltage.
Both the coil of the at least one oscillation exciter as well as also the coils of the oscillation sensors are additionally electrically connected, in each case by means of a pair of electrical connecting lines, with the measuring device electronics.
In the case of conventional Coriolis mass flow measuring devices, the ascertaining of the mass flow, measured values representing the mass flow rate occurs fundamentally based on a ratio of the phase difference to the wanted frequency multiplied by an earlier calibrated, measuring device specific, calibration factor, plus or minus a zero point of the measuring device corresponding to a measurable phase difference when there is no flow in the measuring tube. Thus, the calculation is based on a linear function of said ratio. At times calibration factor affecting dependencies on density and/or viscosity of the momentary medium or also such dependencies on the momentary pressures reigning in the medium are compensated in such case in measuring operation by means of special measuring and calculating algorithms correspondingly implemented in the measuring device electronics. Experimental investigations on conventional Coriolis mass flow measuring devices have now shown that the aforementioned mathematical approach usually selected for calculating the mass flow, measured values can lead, at times, to increased measurement errors. This is the case surprisingly especially also for measuring transducers having a nominal diameter of less than 50 mm corresponding to the caliber of the connected process line, respectively corresponding to a nominal cross section of less than 2000 mm2 or for measuring transducers with measuring tubes, whose caliber is less than 20 mm, consequently especially in the case of measuring transducers, which usually have a rather high area-normalized sensitivity, defined as the ratio of the phase difference to an area-normalized mass flow rate, especially a mass flow rate referenced to the nominal cross section of the measuring transducer, of greater than 10 rad kg−1·s·mm2. Moreover, it could be detected that increased measuring errors can also happen increasingly in the case of fluid dynamically rather stable mass flow rates, consequently actually uncritical mass flow rates, in the order of magnitude of 50% of the respective measurement range end value. In other words, an undesired dependence of the accuracy of measurement, with which the mass flow rate is ascertained, on the actual mass flow rate of the medium could be detected. Moreover, it could be detected that said measuring error additionally also has a certain dependence on the instantaneous density of the medium.


A positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, comprising a lithium-containing composite oxide, wherein the composite oxide is represented by the general formula: LizCo1-x-yMgxMyO2, the element M included in the general formula is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Sr, Mn, Ni and Ca, the values x, y and z included in the general formula satisfy: (i) 0≦z≦1.03; (ii) 0.005≦x≦0.1; and (iii) 0.001≦y≦0.03, the composite oxide has a crystal structure attributed to a hexagonal system in an overcharged state having a potential over 4.25 V relative to metallic Li, and a maximum value of an oxygen generation peak in a gas chromatograph mass spectrometry measurement of the composite oxide in the overcharged state is in the range of 330 to 370° C.

As active materials to be used for positive electrodes of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, lithium-containing composite oxides have been widely used, and among them, a composite oxide containing cobalt has been in the mainstream. However, in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in a charged state where a battery voltage is raised from about 4.2 V (a positive electrode potential of about 4.25 V relative to metallic Li) to 4.45 V, a composite oxide containing cobalt phase-transfers from a hexagonal system to a monoclinic system. With the battery further charged, the composite oxide phase-transfers to the hexagonal system, but the monoclinic system appears again as the battery voltage reaches and surpasses about 4.6 V (cf. The Journal of Electrochemical Society, Vol. 141, 1994, P 2972 to 2977).
A monoclinic crystal structure appears due to distortion of a whole crystal. In a monoclinic composite oxide, therefore, binding power between oxygen ions which have a dominant role in maintaining a crystal structure and metallic ions which exist around the oxygen ions has decreased, and the thermal resistance of the composite oxide has significantly deteriorated. It has been known that a composite oxide may decompose when the thermal resistance thereof deteriorates, leading to generation of oxygen.
For the purpose of stably maintaining a crystal structure of a positive electrode active material even in an overcharged state, there has been proposed a technique of incorporating a specific element into a composite oxide (e.g. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-203553). It has also been reported that the similar technique allows improvement in cycle characteristic of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery at a high temperature (e.g. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-319652).
On the other hand, there has also been proposed a technique of incorporating a specific element into a composite oxide containing nickel as a main constituent with the aim of stably maintaining the crystal structure thereof (e.g. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-289261).
It is however difficult to enhance stability of an active material only by controlling the composition thereof. Since a temperature for synthesis is described neither in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-203553 nor Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2001-319652, for example, it is presumed that each of the active materials described in these publications is produced by, at least, baking a raw material mixture at below 1000° C., as conventionally done. This is because synthesis of an active material at a temperature of 1000° C. or higher usually causes occurrence of oxygen deficiency, or the like, in the production process, which undesirably lowers the stability of the active material. It is however considered that so long as the occurrence of oxygen deficiency or the like is prevented, the higher a baking temperature for raw materials for an active material, the higher structural stability of an active material can be obtained.
It is further mentioned in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-289261 that the disclosed composite oxide containing nickel as a main constituent has a pyrolysis peak in the range of 270 to 350° C. in a DSC measurement. However, the improvement in thermal stability of the active material described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-289261 has limits and fails to reach a satisfactory level since the raw material mixture was baked at a temperature of 900° C. or lower in the production process of the active material. Furthermore, it is more difficult for the composite oxide containing nickel as a main constituent than the composite oxide containing cobalt as a main constituent to bring about an oxidation reaction for a change from bivalence to trivalence, thus easier to generate NiO to cause oxygen deficiency.

Positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A pluggable active optical module (AOM) having an electrical connector at a first end and one or more optical adapters at a second end is disclosed. The AOM includes a storage device interface at the second end, and a programmable processor coupled to the storage device interface and one or more first contacts of the electrical connector. The programmable processor is configured to access a storage device in one or more optical fibers through the storage device interface and provide physical layer management (PLM) information obtained therefrom to a host device connected to the electrical connector. The AOM also includes a switch coupled between a second contact of the electrical connector and ground, the switch coupled to the programmable processor such that that programmable processor can control the switch to selectively connect a second contact of the electrical connector to ground.

Data centers utilize high speed optical fiber connectivity to interconnect ports from network elements such as servers, switches, and routers to other network elements. These network elements can be configured for use with a pluggable active optical module that converts a high speed serial electrical signal at a port of the network element to and from an optical signal. Such a pluggable active optical module can be integrated into a connector of a fiber optic cable or can be separate from any cable, which is commonly referred to as a pluggable active optical module (AOM). A pluggable AOM has an electrical connector on one side, for connection with a port of the network element (also referred to herein as a "host device"), and one or more optical adapters on the other side for connection with a fiber optic cable. One example of a pluggable AOM is a small form-factor pluggable (SFP) module.
The mechanical and electrical interface between the network element and a pluggable active optical module is defined by a set of multi-source agreement (MSA) documents. These documents are based on functional requirements defined in IEEE standard 802.3 for Ethernet and T11 (X3T9.3) for Fiber Channel. The MSA defines one pin of the electrical interface as a "module present pin". The module present pin is used by the network element to detect when a pluggable AOM is present in the respective port.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Pluggable active optical module with managed connectivity support and simulated memory table


A one-piece swing training device, comprising: a tapered sporting implement attachment section having a narrower end portion located at one end of the sporting implement attachment section and a wider end portion located at another end of the sporting implement attachment section, wherein the sporting implement attachment section is removably attached to a section of a sporting implement; and a cylindrical section operatively attached to the sporting implement attachment section wherein the cylindrical section includes a cylindrical tube, a weight retainer located at one end of the cylindrical tube and a removable end cap located at another end of the cylindrical tube, wherein the weight retainer includes a removable magnetized end cap and an adjustable weight magnetically retained to the removable magnetized end cap.

Prior to the present invention, as set forth in general terms above and more specifically below, it is known, to employ various swing training devices. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,923,737 by Walker, U.S. Pat. No. 8,137,219 by Gant, U.S. Pat. No. 8,622,854 by Suzuki, U.S. Pat. No. 8,827,847 by Johnson, U.S. Pat. No. 8,888,614 by Nutter, and U.S. Pat. No. 8,911,309 by Harihar et al. While these various swing training devices may have been generally satisfactory, there is nevertheless a need for a new and improved swing training device that is capable of being removably attached to the shaft of a sporting implement such that an audible sound and light are emitted by the swing training device in order to inform the user when the user has broken his/her wrists during the swing thereby improving the user's swing power and swing consistency.
It is a purpose of this invention to fulfill this and other needs in the art in a manner more apparent to the skilled artisan once given the following disclosure.

Swing training device and method of using same


The invention relates to a rescue terminal for providing access to an air filter in case of an emergency, including a control system configured and provided to be activated upon a detection of a case of an emergency and having: at least one signaling device configured and provided to emit a signal upon activation of the control system; and a communication unit configured and provided for at least one of receiving and transmitting information indicative for a case of an emergency. The rescue terminal further includes a receiving housing being configured and provided for receiving an air filter device. The invention further relates to an air filter device and a rescue system. The rescue terminal, the air filter device and the rescue system enable a user of the air filter device to quickly access the air filter device in case of an emergency.

In the case of an emergency, in particular in the case of a fire, smoke may emerge being hazardous for individuals exposed to the smoke. Particularly when smoke emerges from incomplete combustion, it may contain poisonous combustion gases such as carbon monoxide which is colorless, odorless and flavorless and thus cannot be sensed by humans. Inhaling substantial concentrations of carbon monoxide is dangerous to life. It is known to install smoke detectors in order to warn against the presence of smoke or particularly in the presence of carbon monoxide, so that individuals can leave the site or building where the smoke emerges. Particularly when the smoke emerges from a fire within a building, the concentration of poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide regularly increases with the progress of time from the start of the fire onwards. It is, therefore, important to prevent the inhalation of the poisonous gases as early as possible in order to increase the probability of survival of the individuals exposed to the smoke.
It is known to provide portable air filters for covering the mouth and/or nose of a user for at least temporarily filtering the air inhaled by the user, i.e., filtering poisonous components present in the air. By the use of the air filter, the user may survive a longer time span while being exposed to the smoke, which longer time span may allow the user to find an exit of the building and escape the fire and smoke.
DE 10 2011 121 347 A1 describes an air filter device having a speech output system, which air filter device can be used by an individual for filtering air to be inhaled and protect the individual from poisonous gases, wherein the speech output system provides the user with information regarding the proper use of the air filter device and the shortest path for leaving the building in which he is exposed to the smoke.
However, in the case of an emergency, particularly in the case of a fire with emerging smoke, it may be difficult for an individual to find and access the air filter. For example, the user may not know whether or not an air filter device is actually within reach. As another example, in the case that the user is aware of an air filter device within his reach, e.g., within the building or site he is currently located at, the user may not know or may not memorize where the air filter device is located or stored. In the case of an emergency the user may be in panic and therefore not memorize a storage place of the air filter device; also, the emergency may cause chaotic circumstances making it difficult for the user to locate the air filter. Furthermore, a purchase of an air filter device may date back a long time, e.g. several years within which no emergency occurred and there was no need for an air filter device and the user may have forgotten where the air filter device had been stored at that time.
It is the object of the invention to provide a device and a system which enable a user to quickly access an air filter device in case of an emergency.


A transceiver having shared and discrete components forming a transmit path and a receive path configured to couple to a communication medium for establishing a multi-tone modulated communication channel thereon. The transceiver includes a line driver component on the transmit path. The line driver is configured to respond to a protocol determination and by configuring at least one of a transmit power level and a transmit bandwidth of the multi-tone modulated communication channel on the communication medium. The line driver includes a plurality of pre-amplifiers each exhibiting a combination of transmit power and bandwidth for amplification of a transmit signal modulated with a selected multi-tone modulation protocol. The line driver also includes a single output amplifier having an output coupled to the communication medium and an input switchably coupled to an output of a selected one of the plurality of pre-amplifiers in response to the protocol determination.

1. Field of Invention
The field of the present invention relates to multi-tone transceivers.
2. Description of the Related Art
Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) technology and improvements thereon including: G.Lite, ADSL, VDSL, HDSL all of which are broadly identified as X-DSL have been developed to increase the effective bandwidth of existing subscriber line connections to high speed back bone networks developed by telecommunications companies. An X-DSL modem operates at frequencies higher than the voice band frequencies, thus an X-DSL modem may operate simultaneously with a voice band modem or a telephone conversation. Each new XDSL protocol raises the bandwidth requirements of subscriber lines. As the bandwidth requirements increase so too does the complexity of the modem components. Additionally, because of the enormous variation in loop loss in the individual subscriber lines to which the modem may be coupled the individual components of the modem transmit and receive path must be reconfigurable to match the available bandwidth on a selected subscriber line. For modems which implement the VDSL protocol for example, the length and quality of the subscriber line will determine whether all or a portion of the two upstream and two downstream communications ranges will be available. The sheer length of the line results in significant attenuation of the upper communication ranges rendering their use impractical. Even on shorter loops the presence of various topological features on the subscriber line such as: bridges, taps, jumpers and changes in wire gauge can also constrain bandwidth. In each instance it is critical in the line qualification phase to be able to inexpensively and quickly determine the topology of the subscriber line to which the modem is coupled.
What is needed is a modem with improved capabilities for responding to varying line qualification results.

Method and apparatus for a multi-protocol XDSL line driver


To provide an electro-optic device whose luminescent characteristic are enhanced for each type of RGB organic EL layers by forming an electron injection layer and a cathode uniformly with respect to a substrate, and to provide a method to manufacture the electro-optic device and an electronic apparatus using the electro-optic device, an electro-optic device includes plural types of luminescent layers emitting different luminescent colors of light and an electron injection layer between electrodes and opposing each other. The electron injection layer is formed of a plurality of metal compounds.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to electro-optic devices, methods to manufacture the same, and electronic apparatus.
2. Description of Related Art
Electro-optic devices having luminescent layers include an organic EL display device having organic electro luminescence (hereinafter "organic EL") elements. In a typical organic EL element, a functional organic layer including an organic EL layer (luminescent layer) lies between a pair of opposing electrodes.
An organic EL display device for color images includes a plurality types of organic EL layers, each having a luminescence spectrum band corresponding to red (R), green (G), or blue (B). The organic EL layers for these colors are arranged in a predetermined manner on a substrate.
In order to enhance the luminescence characteristics of the organic EL display device, such as luminance and luminous efficacy, an electron injection layer is provided to accelerate electron injection from a cathode to the organic EL layers. The electron injection layer is generally formed by vapor depositing of, for example, a metal fluoride. (See, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 11-191490, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 10-74586, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-113976.

Electro-optic device, method for manufacturing the same, and electronic apparatus


This disclosure relates to a vapor recovery unit of a fuel dispenser, and comprises a vapor pump, a variable speed electric motor coupled to drive the pump, and an electric control package connected to control the speed of the motor, the foregoing components being located in an integrated unit housing. The pump comprises a positive displacement vapor pump such as a vane pump; the motor comprises a variable speed induction motor; and the control package is operable to receive fuel-flow representative pulses from one or two flow meters, and to vary the pump-motor speed to recover substantially all of the displaced vapor during fueling. The unit housing is preferably installed in a dispenser cabinet and hydraulically coupled in a vapor flow pipe and electrically connected to receive the fuel flow pulses from one or two fuel flow meters. The vapor recovery unit is useful as original equipment (OEM) and/or as a retrofit component. The control package is operable to adjust or modify the pump-motor speed to compensate for the vapor pump temperature and nonlinear operating characteristics. An improved calibration arrangement is provided, and an improved fault detection arrangement is provided. The unit also includes an improved arrangement for heating the pump-motor at low ambient temperatures.

This invention relates generally to apparatus for use in a fuel vapor recovery system.
A fuel delivery system of an automotive service or filling station normally includes a number of large fuel storage containers (usually located below ground surface level), one or more fuel dispensers installed at the surface, pipes or conduits connecting the storage containers with the dispensers, and a fuel supply pump-motor for pumping fuel through the pipes from the containers to the dispensers. Such a system normally also includes a leak detector and valves connected in the pipes, and a fuel flow meter mounted in the dispenser cabinet. As described in numerous prior art patents, such as the Bergamini U.S. Pat. No. 5,038,838 and the Pope U.S. Pat. No. 5,355,925, the fuel flow meter generates a series of pulses which are proportioned to the quantity of fuel delivered, and a microprocessor computes and displays the total fuel quantity and price.
In recent years, primarily in response to federal and state regulations, vapor recovery systems are being added to the fuel delivery systems as described above. When fuel is pumped from a supply container into a receiving container, fuel vapor in the receiving container is displaced by the fuel, and, in earlier systems, the displaced vapor was allowed to escape into the environment. However, in a typical vapor recovery system, the vapor is pumped from the receiving container to the supply container. As examples, vapor from an underground storage container is pumped into the tank truck, and vapor from an automotive fuel tank is pumped into the underground storage container. The vapor pump is responsive to the volume of fuel being pumped into the receiving container such that substantially all of the displaced fuel vapor is recovered.
It is a general object of the present invention to provide an improved vapor recovery unit for use in a vapor recovery system as described above.


An electronic component of an embodiment of the present invention comprises a first piezoelectric thin film resonator and a second piezoelectric thin film resonator. The first piezoelectric thin film resonator and second piezoelectric thin film resonator are a piezoelectric thin film resonator that has a structure in which a piezoelectric thin film is interposed between a lower electrode and an upper electrode, that is constituted in an area where the lower electrode, piezoelectric thin film, and upper electrode overlap each other, and that obtains a signal with a predetermined resonance frequency by bulk waves propagating inside the piezoelectric thin film. The interval between a part of a periphery of the first piezoelectric thin film resonator and a part of a periphery of the second piezoelectric thin film resonator that face each other is not constant.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a piezoelectric thin film resonator and a filter using the same, and particularly to an effective technology which is applied for preventing unnecessary acoustic coupling that occurs between the piezoelectric thin film resonators.
2. Related Background of the Invention
The demand for compact and low-loss RF filters has been growing along with the development of cell-phones. Further, due to the requests for high-speed and large-capacity communications, higher-frequency carrier waves have been progressively developing in the communication systems.
In response to such requests, the filters that use piezoelectric thin film resonators have been drawing increasing attention recently. The piezoelectric thin film resonator has a structure in which a piezoelectric thin film is interposed between upper and lower electrode films, and presents a predetermined resonance characteristic by applying a high frequency signal between the upper and lower electrode films. Such a filter that uses a piezoelectric thin film resonator has a structure in which the piezoelectric thin film resonators are electrically connected in a ladder shape.
In a conventional filter, a piezoelectric thin film resonator has a shape of an oblong or a square, that is, a shape of a rectangle. Note that a description of the shape of a piezoelectric thin film resonator can be found in 1995 IEEE ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM P905–908/SOLIDLY MOUNTED RESONATORS AND FILTERS, and especially in FIG. 4 therein.
In the present invention, "the shape of a piezoelectric thin film resonator" does not indicate an individual shape of a piezoelectric thin film or electrode films that constitute a piezoelectric thin film resonator, but indicates the shape of an area in which a piezoelectric thin film and electrode films having this piezoelectric thin film interposed therebetween overlap each other. In other words, the shape of a piezoelectric thin film resonator indicates an area in which a piezoelectric thin film and two electrode films having this piezoelectric thin film interposed therebetween overlap each other, when looking at the piezoelectric film and the two electrode films in a direction where they are arranged in a line.
Incidentally, regarding a filter, it is important that the interval between adjacent piezoelectric thin film resonators is designed to be as narrow as possible in order to achieve a low-loss by miniaturizing a chip and reducing the length of a wire.

Electronic component and filter including the same


Disclosed are: a novel lithium titanate; and a method for producing the novel lithium titanate. Specifically disclosed is a compound that has a chemical composition represented by the general formula (1): Li2Ti18O37, or the compound additionally containing copper and/or tin. The compound represented by the general formula (1) is synthesized by causing a lithium compound to react with a compound that has a chemical composition represented by the general formula (2): H2Ti12O25 in a liquid phase so that some of hydrogen ions contained in the compound represented by the general formula (2) are substituted by lithium ions, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation and thermal dehydration. An electricity storage device which uses, as a constituent member, an electrode that contains an electrode active material produced from the compound represented by the general formula (1) has excellent charge and discharge cycle characteristics, especially excellent charge and discharge cycle characteristics at high temperatures, and is expected to have high capacity.

A lithium secondary battery has rapidly spread recently because of excellent cycle properties. As the electrode active material, particularly the negative electrode active material, of a lithium secondary battery, a lithium-titanium composite oxide having high energy density and excellent in rate characteristics has spread, and on the other hand, a hydrogen titanate compound having high discharge potential and excellent in safety also attracts attention. There are known techniques of using, for example, a spinel-type lithium titanate of Li4Ti5O12 (Patent Literature 1), a ramsdellite-type lithium titanate of Li2Ti3O7 (Patent Literature 2), a lithium titanate of Li2Ti12O25 (Patent Literature 3), a hydrogen titanate compound of H2Ti12O25 (Patent Literature 4), a bronze-type titanium dioxide (Non Patent Literature 1), and the like, as an electrode active material. There is also known a technique of coating a surface of the spinel-type or ramsdellite-type lithium titanate with a cuprate such as copper oxide thereby reduce the decomposition of an electrolyte solution to suppress generation of a gas (Patent Literature 5).

Lithium titanate, method for producing same, electrode active material containing the lithium titanate, and electricity storage device using the electrode active material


A bus switch for connecting and disconnecting a bus connection provided by a pair of buses includes a first switching element and a second switching element. The first switching element is coupled between an input terminal and an output terminal of a high-potential side bus of the pair of buses. The second switching element is coupled between an input terminal and an output terminal of a low-potential side bus of the pair of buses. The bus connection is connected when the first switching element and the second switching element are activated, and the bus connection is disconnected when the first switching element and the second switching element are deactivated.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a bus switch and an electronic switch.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, a bus switch is used for connecting and disconnecting a pair of buses, for example, provided in a local area network of a vehicle (i.e., in-vehicle LAN). In a system disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,448,671, a master and one or more slaves are coupled in a daisy chain manner through a pair of buses for responding to a fault condition. The master and the one or more slaves are coupled in the daisy chain manner or are coupled in parallel, and electronic switches are coupled in series to one side of the pair of buses for connecting and disconnecting the daisy chain. In a system disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,964,815, one side of a pair of buses can be connected and disconnected by switching an N-channel metal oxide semiconductor transistor (nMOS transistor) by using a control circuit.
In the above-described systems, when an abnormality of a bus potential (e.g., open or short) occurs, the abnormality is difficult to be avoided. Thus, if the bus is shorted to a power source or ground, a slave circuit may be adversely affected.
In a case where an nMOS transistor is used as a switch of the bus, if the bus is shorted to ground, a drain potential may decrease below a source potential. Thus, a parasitic element may generate and the switch is difficult to be disconnected. This sort of abnormality due to the parasitic element may occur not only in the bus switch but also in an electronic switch for switching energization and deenergization.


The invention relates to a device for combining at least two partial flows of articles so as to form a total flow. In the total flow, the articles to be sorted are about equidistant from one another. A withdrawal device and a first acceleratable section are arranged in at least one partial flow. The withdrawal device and a second acceleratable section are arranged in at least one second partial flow. A control device is provided that temporarily stores or accelerates the articles separated by the withdrawal device in order to ensure largely equidistant intervals between the articles to be sorted in the total flow.

The invention relates to a device for combing at least two partial flows of articles to be sorted to form a total flow of articles to be sorted.
Such a device is generally used in a sorting conveyor for mail automation, as for example disclosed in European patent application EP 827 786 A1. Generally said sorting conveyor has so-called insertion devices, which insert the flat items to be sorted into pockets on a revolving conveyor. The flat items to be sorted are emptied out of these pockets at the physical destination points assigned to them and can then be routed to their intended location.
Sorting flat items to be sorted is relatively exacting, because the dimensions and ease of handling of flat items to be sorted fluctuates greatly. On the one hand with regard to format alone there are almost an unlimited number of different dimensions for width, height and thickness. Also the packaging and rigidity of flat items to be sorted varies enormously, as represented for example by the opposing examples of rather hard, rigid cardboard envelopes and quite soft brochures and magazines packaged in film. Particularly problematic also are the so-called mail shots, which generally contain advertising material and often simply comprise a collection of loose sheets with advertising inserts inserted as well, which extend beyond the dimensions of the other sheets.
Generally such mail shots and other flat items to be sorted are inserted in horizontal stacks into the feed device mentioned above and have to be withdrawn from said stacks individually, which per se is also a very exacting task from a technical point of view. In order that these flat, generally horizontal, items to be sorted can be inserted by means of an insertion device into the revolving sorting conveyor, it is necessary to stand said items to be sorted vertically. Standing them up means it is in turn necessary for the items to be sorted to be fed to the device to stand up the items to be sorted with very precise positioning. This is complicated by the fact that the less rigid and per se not very homogenous items to be sorted, e.g. the above-mentioned mail shots, are particularly difficult to handle and therefore generally cannot be fed in by automated means but have to be positioned manually on the feed device from an input point, which represents a significant cost factor. One solution to this problem is disclosed in the not previously published European patent application EP 02 019 419.
With regard to the present invention described below, it must be possible for standard flat mail items (letters, magazines, generally flat envelopes) and the items to be sorted as described above, which are rather more problematic with regard to handling, to be sorted using a common sorting conveyor and in a common sorting run to the physical destination points, for which at present there are no solutions in the prior art.

Device for combing at least two partial flows of items to be sorted to form a total flow of articles to be sorted


Provided are systems and methods for programming language independent application development via test data stored in a database. In one example, the method includes receiving a database command from an application, the database command including a location and an access request for data at the location, determining if the application is operating in a test mode, and accessing data from a database based on the database command, wherein the accessing data comprises accessing test data stored in a test data storage based on the location included in the database command if the application is operating in the test mode, and accessing real data stored in a real data storage based on the location included in the database command if the application is not operating in test mode.

Software testing may evaluate an attribute or a capability of a software program or system and determine whether the software meets its required results. In general, testing attempts to ensure that the software meets the requirements that initiated its design and development, responds correctly to various possible kinds of inputs, performs its functions within an acceptable time, and can be installed and run within intended environments. In many situations, software testing still remains an art due to the complexity of software and the limited understanding of the principles of software. Discovering design defects in software is also difficult due to the complexity. In some cases, the number of possible tests for even simple software components can be practically infinite. Therefore, most software testing uses some strategy to select tests that are feasible to an amount of available time and resources. The testing typically attempts to execute a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs (e.g., errors or other defects). The task of testing is an iterative process because when one bug is fixed, it can illuminate other, deeper bugs, or even create new ones.
Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development process that relies on a very short and repetitive development cycle. In a typical test cycle, a developer writes an automated test case that defines a desired improvement or a new function to software, produces a small amount of code to pass the test, and refactors the code to acceptable standards. The overall development of the software is moved ahead incrementally one cycle of proven code at a time rather than adding larger amounts of code and testing at a later point in time. Test-driven development ensures a greater level of confidence in the code. During software development, a developer will often design an application that has versions written using different programming languages (e.g., for different operating environments) thus requiring testing to be performed for each specific language. However, access to test data is typically programming language dependent. As a result, the developer must create a test data container for every programming language being tested and also implement an access to a real persistency (e.g., a database table) and to a test-data container for each of the different programming languages.
Throughout the drawings and the detailed description, unless otherwise described, the same drawing reference numerals will be understood to refer to the same elements, features, and structures. The relative size and depiction of these elements may be exaggerated or adjusted for clarity, illustration, and/or convenience.

Programming language independent software testing environment


The present invention relates to a series of novel taurine functional silicone polymers, useful in softening hair, and fiber and conditioning skin.. Since the compounds of the present invention are high molecular weight silicone polymers, they have a high degree of oxidative stability, even at elevated temperatures.. The compounds of the present invention are prepared by the reaction of chloro silicone intermediate with a taurine derivative. In a preferred embodiment the hydroxy containing silicone polymer has been alkoxylated with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or mixtures thereof. The ability regulate the type of alkylene oxide and amount present in the silicone polymer results in a series of products ranging in water/oil solubility. The technology used to produce the compounds of the present invention is very flexible and allows us to prepare performance tailored molecules for specific applications.

(1) Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a series of novel silicone derivatives ot taurine. These materials are surface active silicone compounds which are useful in a personal care and related applications.
Since the compounds of the present invention are high molecular weight silicone polymers, they have a high degree of oxidative stability, even at elevated temperatures. In addition, these compounds are non volatile and non irritating to eyes and skin.
The compounds of the present invention are prepared by the reaction of an intermediate prepared by the reaction of monochloroacetic acid with a pendant hydroxyl group which is present on a silicone polymer, resulting in chloro ester which in a subsequent step is reacted with taurine. In a preferred embodiment the hydroxy containing silicone polymer has been alkoxylated with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or mixtures thereof. The ability regulate the type of alkylene oxide and amount present in the silicone polymer results in a series of products ranging in water/oil solubility.
(2) Object of the Invention
It is the object of the present invention to provide a series of novel silicone taurine polymers, which are substantive to skin and hair. This substantivity results in superior softening, conditioning and antistatic properties. The compounds contain varying amounts of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide in the molecule. This results in the ability to vary water solubility and introduce an inverse cloud point into the molecule. Inverse cloud point is well known to those skilled in the surfactant art. It is generally found in nonionic surface active agents. It is not found in quaternary compounds. The inverse cloud point is that temperature at which a soluble compound looses it's solubility in water. Inverse cloud point, also called high cloud point, is thought to be associated with the ability of the alkylene oxide chain to hydrogen bond with the water.
It is another objective of the current invention to provide silicone taurine derivatives which are nonirritating surface active agents. The compounds of the present invention have very low irritation values when applied to skin and eyes. Irritation is a major problem with traditional surfactants.
Application of the compounds of the invention can be from solvent, aqueous dispersion or solution, or applied neat in these process. It is anticipated that the effective conditioning concentration of the compound of this invention ranges from 0.1% to 25% by weight.
The silicone polymers, suitable as raw materials, in a preferred embodiment, contain varying amounts of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or mixtures thereof. The presence of the oxide in the silicone polymer results in compounds with an inverse cloud point. Inverse cloud point phenomenon are well known to those skilled in the art of nonionic surface active agents. The inverse cloud point is defined as a temperature above which the polymer has minimal solubility in water. If heat is applied to an aqueous solution of the nonionic at the inverse cloud point the material will become insoluble, and the solution will turn milky. It is at this point that the polymer has minimal water solubility. Since the product is no longer in solution at the above this temperature, it is within this temperature range that the product has a maximum substantivity to a fiber. The ability to use temperature to deposit a lubricant, antistat onto a fiber offers a great advantage in cost effectiveness of fiber treatment, and results in less product usage.
(3) Description of the Arts and Practices
Silicone oils (polydimethylsiloxane) have been known to be active at the surface of plastic, cellulosic and synthetic fibers as well as paper. Despite the fact that they are lubricants that are stable to oxidation, their high cost and lack of durability has made them cost prohibitive in most application areas. Silicone oils need to be emulsified prior to application. This required high pressure equipment, surface active agents and generally results in a milky emulsion. Emulsions have experienced stability problems both in terms of freeze thaw instability and upon heating. This has resulted in minimal acceptance of them in commercial products.
The low efficiency of silicone oils is due to the fact that the oil is very water insoluble. Emulsions are generally prepared which contain silicone dispersed in micelles. While this method of application is easier for processing, much of the oil stays in the surfactant micelle and never gets deposited on the fiber. That which does deposit on the fiber surface remains there by hydrophobic binding, not ionic bonding. Since the polydimethylsiloxane is not bonded the effect is very transient. The product is removed with one washing.
Taurine derivatives are known to those skilled in the art. Taurine conforms to the following structure: EQU R--N--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --SO3 M
wherein R is alkyl, and M is a metal ion preferably an alkali metal such as sodium, potassium, ammonium or lithium.
The silicone chloro intermediate useful in the preparation of the compounds of the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,166,297 to O'Lenick, Jr. issued Nov. 24, 1992, which incorporated herein by reference.
None of the above incorporate silicone into compound. Consequently, the unique softening and substantivity properties achieved using the compounds of the present invention are not realized with the above technologies.


In a communication system having a plurality of communication apparatuses, an arbitrary number of communication apparatuses form a group, and group identification information for group communication is assigned to the group. Communication is performed in this group by using the assigned group identification information.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a communication system in which an arbitrary number of communication apparatuses form a group to communicate with each other, and the communication apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a conventional network conference system, for example, terminals constituting the conference transmit and receive data shared by these terminals in real time. That is, each terminal sends information to the server. The server forms new data on the basis of the information from each terminal and transmits the data to each terminal.
In this conventional technique, however, if the number of terminals increases and these terminals transmit and receive shared data more frequently, the load on the server increases. Consequently, a high-speed apparatus is required as the server, and this increases the system cost.
Recently, a spread spectrum communication method has attracted attention as one digital radio communication method. In particular, a frequency hopping spread spectrum communication method is beginning to be used often because the system configuration can be realized relatively easily.
For example, a radio communication system is provided which includes radio apparatuses serving as subsidiary apparatuses and a radio apparatus serving as a master apparatus for managing these subsidiary apparatuses, and performs radio transmission between these apparatuses by using the frequency hopping spread spectrum communication method.
In one system of this sort, each radio apparatus is given a unique identification number (to be referred to as an ID hereinafter), and the communication system is given a unique identification number (to be referred to as a group-ID hereinafter). Radio apparatuses communicate with each other by using their IDs, and multi-address calling is performed by using the group-ID.
Furthermore, some radio apparatuses in a radio communication system sometimes form small groups (subgroups) to communicate with each other. If this is the case, each subgroup is given a subgroup identification number (to be referred to as a subgroup-ID hereafter). Radio apparatuses having the same subgroup-ID can perform multi-address calling (to be referred to as subgroup communication hereinafter) in the subgroup.
In this conventional system, however, the subgroup-IDs of radio apparatuses are preset, so any arbitrary number of radio apparatuses cannot form a new subgroup.

Communication system in which arbitrary number of communication apparatuses form group to communicate with each other, and the communication apparatus


A voltage controlled oscillator circuit having a negative resistance section for supplying electric power to the voltage controlled oscillator circuit and a parallel resonance circuit includes a first variable capacitance diode and a second variable capacitance diode which are connected in parallel. The first variable capacitance diode varies its capacitance according to a first control voltage and thereby varies oscillation frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator circuit. The second variable capacitance diode varies its capacitance according to a second control voltage which is independent of the first control voltage, and thereby varies the oscillation frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator circuit independently. Coupling condensers are provided between the negative resistance section and the first variable capacitance diode, and between the first variable capacitance diode and the second variable capacitance diode to cut off direct current.

The present invention relates to a voltage controlled oscillator circuit, and in particular, to a voltage controlled oscillator circuit by which a variable range of the oscillation frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator circuit can be enlarged and in which digitally switching of the oscillation frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator circuit from one oscillation frequency band to another is made possible.

Voltage controlled oscillator circuit capable of switching between oscillation frequency bands


Systems and methods for transmitting, encoding, and decoding video in accordance with embodiments of the invention are illustrated. One embodiment includes a method for transmitting video. The method includes steps for partitioning a current frame of video into a plurality of subgrids, identifying active subgrids from the plurality of subgrids for the current frame, generating a longcanvas includes a barcode and image data of the active subgrids, where the barcode includes location data indicating a location within the frame for each active subgrid, transmitting the longcanvas to a destination device.

In many videography scenarios, especially with static mounted cameras, large portions of the captured field remain unchanged from one frame to the next. Many compression technologies have been devised to reduce the amount of data being transmitted. These are classified as either interframe or intraframe compression that make use of temporal and spatial redundancy. Interframe methods send information related to the changing position of macroblocks from one frame to the next while intraframe methods send information related to parts of a still-image that are similar to other parts of it.

Systems and methods for selective transmission of media content


A sheet metal is rolled double to form a cylinder having an inner plate 2 and an outer plate 3, and form an overlapped portion 4, with their circumferential end portions 2a and 3a crossed in the circumferential direction. Between the inner plate 2 and the outer plate 3, a plurality of line grooves 5 are formed to extend outward of an outer tube 1, with their tip end portions facing with each other to be apart from each other by a predetermined distance from a peripheral edge of one of the inner plate and outer plate, and these line grooves 5 are arranged in parallel with each other along a longitudinal direction of the outer plate 3. And, at least one portion of the overlapped portion positioned between the neighboring line grooves is joined by welding W.

In an exhaust system of a vehicle or the like with an internal combustion engine mounted thereon, there are disposed exhaust system parts such as a muffler aimed to reduce exhaust noise, an exhaust purifying device aimed to purify exhaust gas, and the like. In these exhaust system parts, generally employed is an outer tube formed in more than two layers to restrain radiation sound. For example, in Patent document 1 as cited below, there is disclosed a muffler, wherein a sheet material is wrapped around end plates and partition plates to provide an outer tube, and wherein the sheet material and peripheral flanges of the end plates and partition plates are welded by laser at the outside of the outer tube.
Also, in Patent document 2 as cited below, in a muffler for an internal combustion engine with a cylindrical portion of a shell formed in a double cylinder structure of an inner tube and an outer tube, there is proposed the muffler, wherein a vent passage is formed between an outer peripheral surface of the inner tube and an outer peripheral surface of the outer tube, to extend upward along a periphery of the shell from a lower part thereof, and wherein a through hole is formed at a higher position than a predetermined position of the inner tube, to communicate an upper end section of the vent passage with the through hole. As for its background, it is described that if the cylindrical portion of the shell is formed in the double cylinder structure, water may stay in its lowest section between the outer tube and the inner tube, and if the staying water is heated to provide steam, the lower section of the outer tube might be bulged downward by pressure of the steam. Therefore, it is proposed to prevent its deformation by introducing the steam into the muffler through the vent passage and through hole. In this respect, the outer tube as described in the above Patent document 1 corresponds to the shell as described in the above Patent document 2, while it is different from the outer tube constituting a part of the shell. Furthermore, in Patent document 3, there is disclosed a method for manufacturing a muffler, wherein a steel sheet is rolled around an outer periphery of an inner pipe, and processed by a lock-seaming process.
Patent document 1:
Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 59-162318
Patent document 2:
Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 2004-285969
Patent document 3:
Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 6-269884


A turbine airfoil for use in a gas turbine engine, the airfoil formed from a support spar with a leading edge rib having a row of impingement cooling holes, the support spar having an array of modules formed on the pressure side and the suction side of the spar, and a number of cavities separated by ribs extending across the walls of the support spar. Each module is rectangular in shape and includes an impingement compartment and a diffusion compartment separated by a rib with crossover holes to connect the two compartments. Impingement holes connect the impingement compartment to a first cavity, and spent air cooling holes connect the diffusion compartment to a second cavity located downstream from the first cavity.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to an air cooled turbine airfoil, and more specifically to a turbine airfoil with near wall cooling.
2. Description of the Related Art Including Information Disclosed Under 37 CFR 1.97 and 1.98
In a gas turbine engine, especially an industrial gas turbine engine, a high temperature gas flow is passed through a turbine to produce mechanical power to drive a bypass fan in the case of an aero engine or to drive a generator in the case of the industrial engine. The efficiency of the engine can be increased by passing a higher temperature gas flow into the turbine. However, the highest temperature attainable is dependant upon several factors such as the material properties of the turbine and the cooling ability of the airfoils.
The first stage turbine stator vanes and rotor blades are exposed to the highest gas flow temperature in the engine, and therefore require the most cooling. In the prior art, near wall cooling is used in the airfoil main body that have radial flow channels plus re-supply holes in series with film discharge cooling holes. FIG. 1 shows a prior art turbine blade and FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the internal cooling channels and film discharge holes. In the cooling circuit of FIG. 2, spanwise and chordwise cooling flow control due to airfoil external hot gas temperature and pressure variation is difficult to achieve. Also, use of single radial channel flow is not the best method of utilizing cooling air since this results in a low convective cooling design.
It is an object of the present invention to provide for an air cooled turbine airfoil with a reduced airfoil main body metal temperature which results in reduced airfoil cooling flow requirement and improved turbine efficiency.


A transfer arm holds a plurality of preforms arranged in a single line and simultaneously drops and supplies the preforms downward. A positioning arm has a pair of arm split members split in its widthwise direction. The arm split members have positioning surfaces formed on their contact surfaces to be brought into contact with outer peripheries of the preforms. After the preforms are dropped and supplied from the transfer arm, the arm split members of the positioning arm are opened and closed so that the positioning surfaces are brought into contact with the outer peripheries of the preforms. Thus, the performs are properly positioned.

This invention relates to a press-molding apparatus for obtaining an optical element having a predetermined shape by press-molding a preformed glass material after it is heated and softened, and a method of manufacturing the same.
Recently, in a field of production of an optical element such as an optical lens, it is desired to obtain a high-accuracy lens shape without carrying out surface polishing. To this end, proposal has been made of a method comprising the steps of preparing a pre-shaped glass material as a preform, heating and softening the preform, and pressing the preform by the use of a pressing mold having a high-accuracy pressing surface (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication JP 2001-10829 A).
Referring to FIG. 1, description will be made of a basic structure of a press-molding apparatus for use in pressing of the type described.
In the press-molding apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1, a plurality of (for example, four) preforms are simultaneously pressed by an upper mold 602 and a lower mold 604. Each of the upper mold 602 and the lower mold 604 has an elongated shape extending in a transversal or horizontal direction in the figure. The upper mold 602 and the lower mold 604 have a plurality of molding surfaces 614 and 616 formed on confronting surfaces thereof and arranged in a single line, respectively, to provide preforms with a lens shape. The upper mold 602 and the lower mold 604 are fixed to a pair of upper and lower supporting shafts 610 and 612 via supporting members 606 and 608, respectively.
The upper supporting shaft 610 is fixed to an apparatus frame (not shown) while the lower supporting shaft 612 is driven by a driving mechanism in a vertical direction. The upper mold 602 and the lower mold 604 are surrounded by heating coils 618 and 620 for heating the upper and the lower molds 602 and 604 by high-frequency induction heating, respectively. Between the upper mold 602 and the lower mold 604, the preforms are supplied after heated and softened to a viscosity between 105.5 and 109 poises. The preforms in the softened state is clamped and pressed by the upper mold 602 and the lower mold 604 so that high-accuracy processed surfaces are formed on the preforms.
As a method of producing a plurality of optical elements by press molding a plurality of preforms by a plurality of molding surfaces as described above, disclosure is made of a method in which a plurality of preforms are simultaneously dropped and supplied onto a plurality of molding surfaces of a pressing mold (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication JP 11-29333 A). However, if a plurality of preforms are dropped and supplied onto the molding surfaces, each of the preforms may not be exactly supplied on the center of the molding surface. If the preform is press-molded in such a state, thickness deviation may be caused.
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, proposal has been made of guide means for guiding each preform during dropping to supply the preform on the center of each molding surface as exactly as possible (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication JP 11-29333 mentioned above). As illustrated in FIG. 2, a positioning arm 700 as the guide means is extended in a horizontal direction and is provided with through holes 702 having a funnel-like shape (i.e., an upper part has a greater inner diameter) and arranged in a single line.
The positioning arm 700 is placed on the upper side of the lower mold 604 and serves to guide the preforms (depicted by the reference symbol P in the figure), which are dropped and supplied from an upper position by a transfer apparatus (not shown), onto the molding surfaces 616 through the through holes 702. By the positioning arm 700, the preforms P can be guided to the molding surfaces 616, respectively, without jumping out from the molding surfaces 616.
In the positioning arm illustrated in FIG. 2, however, the preform P may be inclined during dropping through the through hole 702 depending upon the shape or the surface condition of the preform P. In this event, the preform is deviated from the center of the molding surface 616. If the press-molding is carried out in such a state that the preform is deviated in position, the thickness deviation is caused and the surface accuracy is degraded.
In the meantime, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications JP 9-2825 A and JP 5-97448 A disclose a structure in which a positioning mechanism comprising a large number of lever-like movable members for clamping and positioning a plurality of materials, respectively, is attached to the pressing mold (lower mold). In such a structure that the positioning mechanism is attached to the pressing mold, however, a temperature elevation rate of the pressing mold is lowered because heat capacity of the pressing mold is increased because of presence of the positioning mechanism. In addition, if the positioning mechanism is repeatedly subjected to heating and cooling cycles in the manner similar to the pressing mold, the positioning mechanism tends to be deformed so that the positioning accuracy is lowered.
In a method of press-molding a plurality of preforms introduced into the pressing mold after the preforms are heated and softened to a temperature higher than that of the pressing mold, it is required to simultaneously supply a plurality of preforms into the pressing mold and to simultaneously press mold the preforms so that the preforms are press-molded under the same molding conditions.
In the method disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication JP 9-2825 A, a plurality of preforms may be simultaneously corrected in position. However, this publication does not disclose whether or not a plurality of preforms can be simultaneously supplied to the pressing mold and simultaneously press molded.

Press molding apparatus for an optical element and method of manufacturing the optical element


Techniques for process based antenna configuration are described, and may be implemented via a wireless device to identify different usage scenarios and to adapt antenna configurations to optimize wireless performance based on the scenarios. For instance, the described techniques enable a wireless device to be calibrated for wireless communication by identifying different obstruction states of a wireless device that correspond to ways that the wireless device is held (e.g., grasped) by a user in different scenarios. The obstruction states are then correlated to antenna positions in the wireless device to prioritize (e.g., activate) antennas that are relatively unobstructed, such as by activating unobstructed antennas and/or deactivating obstructed antennas. Further, calibration can take into specific processes (e.g., applications) and specific users to calibrate an optimize wireless performance based on ways in which a user typically interacts with a process.

Wireless communication is ubiquitous and is used for a multitude of purposes, including wireless voice and data communication. Further, wireless protocols are constantly evolving to provide increased service levels for wireless users. For instance, recent developments in wireless technology have greatly increased the rate at which information can be transmitted wirelessly. One example of such a development is the 5G wireless cellular technology (e.g., 5G New Radio (NR)), which typically achieves higher data rates than previous wireless technologies. Such recently developed technologies achieve increased data rates at least in part by utilizing higher frequency wireless spectrum than previous technologies, such as 3.5 gigahertz (GHz) and higher. In fact, some implementations of these wireless technologies use extremely high frequency (EHF) frequencies, such as millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies. While higher data rates can be achieved, such technologies exhibit a number of implementation challenges, such as increased directionality. Further, higher frequency wireless technologies can experience higher susceptibility to signal obstruction caused by physical interference, such as due to interference caused by a user grasping a device.


A mobile communication scheme capable of notifying a communication regulation information efficiently by using radio interfaces from the macro-cell system to the micro-cell system, without requiring communications through a fixed communication network, so as to be able to regulate the service through the micro-cell system efficiently in coordination with the regulation of the service through the macro-cell system. In this mobile communication scheme, the communication regulation information is notified from the macro-cell system to the mobile station while the mobile station is located within the macro-cell system, and stored in a memory of the mobile station. Then, the communication regulation information is notified from the mobile station to the micro-cell system while the mobile station is located within the micro-cell system after moving from the macro-cell system to the micro-cell system, so that the communication regulation is applied to the mobile station at the micro-cell system according to the received communication regulation information.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile communication scheme using a macro-cell system formed by a mobile communication network and macro-cell base stations connected to the mobile communication network and a micro-cell system formed by micro-cell base stations and a control device for controlling plural micro-cell base stations which are connected with the mobile communication network through a publictelecommunications network, and more particularly, to a mobile communication scheme for regulating the service through the micro-cell system efficiently in coordination with the regulation of the service through the macro-cell system, with respect to a mobile station which is no longer permitted to use the cellular system because of a contract cancellation or a service suspension due to arrears of service charges or some other cause.
2. Description of the Background Art
In the mobile communication system using the macro-cell system and the micro-cell system, when the use of the cellular system is no longer permitted to a certain mobile station because of a contract cancellation or a service suspension due to arrears of service charges, for example, there is a need to coordinate the prohibition of service through the micro-cell system with the prohibition of service through the macro-cell system, because the micro-cell system should be viewed as an extension of the macro-cell system.
In the micro-cell system, the micro-cell base stations and the control device for controlling plural micro-cell base stations are connected to a fixed telephone network, and this fixed telephone network is further connected to the mobile communication network of the macro-cell system, so that in order to notify the prohibition/permission of service with respect to a certain mobile station from the macro-cell system to the micro-cell system, it is necessary to carry out a communication using a public communication channel of the fixed telephone network.
However, in order to carry out communications by modems using public communication channels of the fixed telephone network, it is necessary for the mobile communication network to have new interface devices which are different from those used for communications with the macro-cell base stations within the mobile communication network, so that there is a problem that enormous cost and time will be required in order to provide such new interface devices in the mobile communication network. Moreover, there is a need to carry out communications with respect to different micro-cell systems separately, so that there is also a problem that enormous cost and time for communications will be required in addition.

Mobile communication scheme for efficiently regulating service through micro-cell system in coordination with service through macro-cell system


A method of developing a self-describing database management system comprises the steps of holding definition data of a database management system to be developed as data on a database and creating a database management system to be developed by the use of an existing database management system. The database management system to be developed comprises a data definition processing execution program and a bind processing execution program. These two programs include a process to permit access to definition data which form database, and are executed based on the definition data on the database.

The present invention relates to a method of developing and modifying a self-describing database management system including a data definition process execution program for analyzing an input definition source and storing necessary information in a data dictionary, and a bind process execution program for binding an input SQL statement with a storage structure definition information to create an optimum processing procedures, i.e. an optimized processing program which can be written by the SQL statement.

Method of developing and modifying self-describing database management system to generate a new database management system from an existing database management system