The invention relates to methods for producing non-aggregated, modified silicon particles by treating non-aggregated silicon particles which have volume-weighted particle size distributions with diameter percentiles d50 of 1.0 μm to 10.0 μm at 80° C. to 900° C. with an oxygen-containing gas.

Today, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are the practicable electrochemical energy storage means having the highest the gravimetric energy densities. Silicon has a particularly high theoretic material capacity (4200 mAh/g) and is therefore particularly suitable as an active material for anodes of lithium-ion batteries. The production of anodes is carried out via anode inks in which the individual constituents of the anode material are dispersed in a solvent. On the industrial scale water is usually used as the solvent for the anode inks for economic and ecological reasons. However, the surface of silicon is very reactive toward water and is oxidized upon contact with water to form silicon oxides and hydrogen. The hydrogen liberation results in significant difficulties in the processing of anode inks. For example such inks may result in inhomogeneous electrode coatings on account of trapped gas bubbles. In addition hydrogen formation necessitates costly and inconvenient safety engineering measures. An undesired oxidation of silicon finally also results in a reduction of the silicon proportion in the anode, thus reducing the capacity of the lithium-ion battery.
Lithium-ion batteries comprising anode materials containing silicon particles are known for example from EP1313158. The silicon particles of EP1313158 have average particle sizes of 100 to 500 nm and are produced by milling and subsequent oxidative treatment with oxygen-containing gases. Larger particle sizes are considered disadvantageous for the Coulomb efficiency of corresponding batteries.
For oxidative treatment EP1313158 mentions temperatures of 80° C. to 450° C. in air and temperatures of 80° C. to 900° C. in inert gases having a low oxygen content. EP1313158 teaches away from choosing temperatures above 450° C. for oxidative treatment in air.
Touidjine, in Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2015, 162, pages A1466 to A1475, is concerned with reducing hydrogen formation upon contact of ground silicon particles with water. In this regard Touidjine teaches at least partially oxidizing the silicon particles at elevated temperature using water or in air. The silicon particles used for oxidation have an SiO2 content of 9% by weight and after air oxidation have an SiO2 content of 11% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the silicon particles. Touidjine's silicon particles have average particle sizes of 150 nm and are in the form of aggregates. The silicon particles used for oxidation have a BET specific surface area of 14 m2/g which is reduced in the course of the Touidjine air oxidation. Touidjine recommends the use of such partially oxidized silicon particles for producing aqueous anode inks for anodes of lithium-ion batteries.
Tichapondwa, in Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2013, 38, pages 48 to 55, discusses aqueous silicon dispersions as precursors for retarded pyrotechnic igniters. To inhibit hydrogen formation and thus to increase process safety upon contact of the silicon particles with water Tichapondwa recommends providing the surface of the silicon particles with a protective silicon oxide layer by oxidation at elevated temperature in air. The silicon particles subjected to oxidation have an average particle diameter of 2.06 μm, a BET surface area of 9.68 m2/g and are already oxidized to an extent of 13% based on the silicon and are in aggregated form. The oxidized silicon particles of Tichapondwa are also aggregated as shown by laser diffraction with and without ultrasound treatment. However, it is apparent from FIG. 1 of the Tichapondwa article that the oxidized aggregated silicon particles therein still liberate significant amounts of hydrogen in water—despite the very high oxide proportions.
DE102015215415.7 (filing number) discloses that silicon particles having a volume-weighted particle size distribution of d10≥0.2 μm and d90≤20.0 μm and a width d90−d10≤15 μm may be used as anode materials.


A software tool and a method are intended for developing a service associated with a product with at least one position-coded functional area. A digital pen which detects a position on the product is caused, when using the service, to initiate in a processing unit an event which uses the position recorded by the pen. The software tool comprises a program module with instructions corresponding to the steps of creating a program object (204, 205) which is intended for the processing unit and which, on receipt of a data set from the pen, automatically generates a data structure (206) by extracting data items from the data set and by matching the extracted data items against a filter object (202) which contains information about the positions within each functional area on the product, whereby the data structure (206) enables sorting of at least some of the data items by functional area and implementing of the event associated therewith.

Many people use pen and paper instead of a computer to write short texts, especially notes from telephone conversations and meetings. The reason may be, for example, that no computer is available, that the person does not have both hands free to efficiently input text via a keyboard, that the person cannot quickly and easily combine text and sketches into expressive messages by means of a computer, or that it takes long to start the proper program in the computer. Even if the notes are written on a sheet of paper, it is in many cases desirable to input selected parts thereof into a computer, for instance a note about a meeting into a digital calendar or address information into a digital address book.
In order to increase the possibilities of using pen and paper in digital contexts, use of different types of digital pens has been suggested, which during the writing of information are capable of recording their movement across a passive base, such as a sheet of paper.
Such a digital pen, developed by the present Applicant, is based on detection of a position code on the base. When put down on the base, the pen is made to continually detect the position code locally at the pen point. This results in a sequence of positions which together constitute a digital description of the movement of the pen across the base during the writing of information.
Such a position-coded product can have embedded functionality by different positions on the product being dedicated to different functions or events. For instance, the product can have a functional area for recording of handwriting, a functional area for character interpretation of the noted information, a functional area which in the digital pen initiates transmission of all the information noted on the product, etc.
Furthermore the position code may be capable of coding a very large number of absolute positions, which make up an imaginary surface which is much larger than an individual base. The present Applicant has in Publications WO 01/48591, WO 01/48685 and WO 01/48678, which are herewith incorporated by reference, described information management systems which are based on the principle that different positions on this imaginary surface are dedicated to different functions and/or operators. Such an information management system may contain a plurality of digital pens, a multiplicity of position-coded products and a plurality of processing units communicating with the digital pens. In the system, the information is automatically directed to a certain processing unit based on its position contents. Each processing unit is in turn dedicated to processing the received information based on its position contents.
To allow different operators to develop services in the above information management systems, the present Applicant has also demonstrated a computer-based development tool, which is described in the brochure "Application Development Kit—Develop your applications enabling Anoto functionality", dated 3 Aug. 2001.
The development tool comprises a graphical design tool in the form of a plug-in to existing graphical programs such as Quark XPress. Thus, a designer is allowed to create graphics (text, frames, images, etc.) for a product and connect this graphics to the above-mentioned position code. The graphical design tool creates what is called a PAD file, which specifies the connection between the position code and the functional areas on the product.
The development tool also comprises a software development program which allows a programmer to call low-level instructions for communication with the digital pens and, thus, build server software which in the processing unit reads data from digital pens and implements a certain service based on this data. In the development of the server software, use is made of the above PAD file to translate received positions into functional areas, which in turn are connected to given operations on associated position data.
The above development tool, which is described in more detail in Patent Application PCT/SE01/1842, which however has not been published at the filing of the present application, is above all intended for development of high volume products, typically printed matter in the form of magazines, brochures, notepads, calendars, reminder notes (Post-It®), books, mouse pads, maps etc.
Usually four different parties cooperate in development of such a high volume product and in activation of the same in the information management system: a service provider who performs the service on the processing unit, a graphic designer who develops the product for the service provider, a software developer which develops the server software for the processing unit of the service provider, and a printing office that produces the product based on material from the graphic designer. It will be appreciated that the development work is relatively time-consuming and complex, necessitating coordination of the work of the parties. In some cases, iterations between different parties may also be required, for instance between the graphic designer and the software developer.
A development process as stated above can in some cases appear too expensive and time-consuming, above all when producing products of a more small-scale, short-lived and/or simpler type, such as forms, blanks, circulars etc. There is thus a need also for a simpler technique for producing products with embedded functionality as stated above.
An equivalent need may also be found in other types of information management systems, for instance those described in WO 99/50787, U.S. Pat. No. 6,208,771 and WO 01/61449. Also these systems comprise digital user units which are adapted to read a data set on a product with embedded functionality, and a processing unit which is adapted to receive the data set and implement an event associated therewith.
Prior art also includes WO 01/75779, which describes a technique for generating forms by applying graphics to a substrate preprinted with a position code.

Activation of products with embedded functionality in an information management system


A splitterless optical broadcast switch (110) for routing a plurality of optical carrier signals. The splitterless optical broadcast switch (110) includes an optical source (112) for generating a plurality of unmodulated optical carrier signals. A first stage routing module (114) routes the plurality of unmodulated optical carrier signals. A modulating module (116) receives a plurality of RF input signals and modulates each of the RF input signals onto any number of the unmodulated optical carrier signals to generate a plurality of modulated optical carrier signals. A second stage routing module (118) routes the plurality of modulated optical carrier signals complimentary to the first stage routing module (114). An output module (120) receives the plurality of modulated optical carrier signals such that the optical output from the optical source (112) is paired to a complimentary optical input of the output module (120).

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to optical broadcast switches and, more particularly, to a splitterless optical broadcast switch for communication and data handling satellites.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
The exploding demand for global wireless communications, data gathering and signal processing is currently placing unprecedented requirements on the capabilities of communication and data handling satellites. These satellites include single platform communication systems which operate independently from other systems, multi-platform communication systems which employ many cross-linked satellites, and data handling systems which sense and monitor various parameters. This demand is dramatically increasing signal traffic which is leading to saturation of existing RF bands that have been allocated for the various communication functions. Such saturation is increasing the need to utilize new frequency bands at much higher frequencies.
As a result, future communication and data handling satellites will be required to process very wide bandwidths comprised of densely populated signals. Moreover, these satellites will need to provide frequency conversion capabilities to route signals through different allocated bands assigned by different international regulatory agencies. However, the use of current satellite RF signal interconnects and distribution systems have several disadvantages.
For example, existing communication and data handling satellites are limited by the characteristics of RF coaxial cables. In other words, signals received and transmitted by the satellites, via its antenna, are interconnected and distributed throughout the satellite on coaxial cables. Coaxial cables are inherently large, bulky and heavy transmission mediums. Moreover, coaxial cables are designed to operate in a specific frequency band and are thus substantially band limited. Still further, coaxial cables tend to exhibit very high losses as the frequency increases.
The above-identified disadvantages associated with the use of coaxial cables is further amplified by its use in satellites. Specifically, the losses exhibited with coaxial cables require the satellite to have additional amplifiers which requires larger power supplies, which in turn requires more solar panels to supply the energy to the system. The weight and size of the satellite is also significantly increased because of these losses, as well as because of the size and weight of the coaxial cables. This increase in weight and size also ultimately increases launch costs of the satellite. Still further, since coaxial cables are bandwidth limited, a greater number of coaxial cables are required to handle various frequency bands the satellite may operate at. This causes the satellite to be less versatile at handling multiple frequency bands.
A photonic interconnect and photonic processing apparatus for communication and data handling satellites reduces or eliminates the above mentioned disadvantages. This in turn, increases bandwidth capabilities; increases versatility; decreases weight and size of the satellite; decreases power consumption; decreases launch costs; and decreases the overall cost of communication and data handling satellites. While the photonic interconnect and photonic processing apparatus for communication and data handling satellites is an improvement over existing prior art systems, the optical switching employed by the photonic interconnect photonic processing system may also be further improved upon.
For example, many M input.times.N output optical broadcast switches employ power splitters to obtain broadcast capability. Use of such power splitters creates optical split loss which may become a problem when high dynamic range or a low noise floor is required. To overcome the losses incurred by the use of optical power splitters, optical amplifiers can be employed. However, these optical amplifiers generally require extremely high optical saturation power levels when placed before split losses to maintain high dynamic range. For satellite applications where DC power consumption is important, this approach may be undesirable due to its potential inefficient use of optical power and associated DC power. Moreover, introduction of the optical amplifiers further introduces additional noise into the system thereby further raising the noise floor. Such M.times.N optical broadcast switches must also generate enough optical power to support MN outputs, even though only N of the signals are actually used. This situation arises because a laser source in a photonic network is generally paired or coupled directly to a particular optical modulator and RF input irrespective of the network switching configuration.
What is needed then is a splitterless optical broadcast switch for communication and data handling satellites, as well as for terrestrial based applications, which eliminates the use of power splitters to obtain broadcast capability. This will, in turn, further decrease the weight and size of the satellite; further decrease power consumption and need; further decrease launch costs; reduce overall noise within the system; and pair each laser source with a photodetector instead of with an optical modulator and the RF input. It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide such a splitterless optical broadcast switch.


An object of the present invention is to avoid communication congestion by varying the transmission times of a plurality of mobile bodies while maintaining standardization in the software to be installed in the plurality of mobile bodies. A detection is made in a plurality of vehicles 31, 32, 33 . . . that a specific event has occurred in a vehicle, for example a communication terminal 56 has been installed, or in other words power from a power source 63 has been applied to the communication terminal 56. The power application time is then measured by a calendar and timer in the interior of the vehicle. An individual automatic transmission time for each vehicle is then set with the power application time of the vehicle as a reference.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile body communication device for performing communication between a plurality of mobile bodies such as construction machines and a terminal device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Data such as a service meter indicating the state of operations (state of halted operations) in a mobile body, particularly a construction machine, are necessary information for managing a vehicle or for labor management of workers.
As conventional methods of obtaining information relating to a construction machine, a maintenance engineer travels to the site of the construction machine and performs a visual check, or a personal computer is connected to the construction machine such that history data written into memory in the interior of the construction machine are downloaded. A plurality of construction machines are managed by storing data accumulated from the plurality of construction machines in the memory of a computer in an administrative bureau.
Since information gathering is performed by human labor, however, this information gathering becomes more complicated as the number of construction machines increases and the locations thereof become more remote, and thus the working efficiency of information gathering is greatly diminished.
Hence, as is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-330539 and so on, endeavors have been made to perform construction machine information gathering automatically using communication means, without relying upon human labor.
In the invention described in the aforementioned patent application, an management unit and a construction machine are connected by communication means so as to be capable of bidirectional communication, whereby a data request is transmitted from the management unit and data are extracted from the construction machine and returned to the management unit. In this manner, information on the construction machine side is accumulated in a requesting management unit. As a result, construction machine information can be obtained by a terminal on the management unit side only when a request is placed by the management unit side.
It is therefore desirable for data indicating the state of operations (state of halted operations) in a construction machine to be accumulated, and for these accumulated data to be periodically (for example once a day) inspected on the side of an administrator.
According to the invention described in the aforementioned patent application, however, construction machine data are only obtained on the administrator side when a request is placed from the management unit to the construction machine, and therefore the desire noted above to enable operational state data accumulated in the construction machine to be periodically inspected on the administrator side cannot be fulfilled.
Furthermore, no particular problem arises when operational state data are transmitted periodically (for example once a day) from one construction machine to the administrator side, but when data from a plurality of construction machines are transmitted all at once at a specific time, communication lines become congested, leading to possible impediments such as communication delays.
It is therefore possible to set different transmission time data in each of the plurality of construction machines. In so doing, however, software containing different transmission time data must be individually installed in each construction machine. As a result, parts cannot be standardized among the plurality of construction machines and overall system costs rise.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to avoid communication congestion by varying transmission times among a plurality of mobile bodies while maintaining standardization of the software to be installed in the plurality of mobile bodies.


A communication method of a device to device (D2D) user equipment (UE) in a cellular system supporting a communication frame structure including one or more subframes used for a communication of the D2D UE is provided. The method includes reading an alarm region located within a first subframe, wherein the alarm region indicates whether a communication signal having a priority is included in the first subframe or a second subframe related to the first subframe, and transmitting the communication signal through one of the second subframe and a third subframe related to the second subframe, based on information read from the alarm region.

With the acceleration of the adoption of the use of smart phones, various application services using the smart phone are being activated and such an aspect of smart phone use is expected to be accelerated more and more in the future. Accordingly, various technologies have arisen to effectively prevent data congestion due to the various application services in a cellular system. For example, according to the use of high capacity mobile contents, a Device to Device (D2D) communication to efficiently distribute loads of a base station by using proximity of mobile communication terminals is spotlighted. The D2D communication is being standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Radio Access Network (RAN) Technical Specification Group (TSG).
The D2D communication which forms and maintains a D2D communication network by allowing terminals to distributively use limited radio resources, without assistance of the network such as from the base station, may include operations including synchronization, peer discovery, paging, data traffic communication, and the like. In the synchronization operation, basic time and frequency are synchronized between terminals through a Global Positioning System (GPS) or the like. In the peer discovery operation, each terminal identifies geographically proximate neighboring terminals through broadcast terminal information. In the paging operation, a D2D link for unidirectional transmission between terminals which desire communication is formed. In the traffic communication operation, link scheduling and data transmission according to the link scheduling are performed based on the formed link through the above operations.
A D2D Proximity Service (ProSe) may be largely classified into a D2D discovery and direct communication. The D2D discovery refers to a process in which a particular terminal recognizes another terminal located near the terminal. The direct communication refers to a process in which terminals directly communicate with each other without passing through the base station, unlike the conventional cellular system in which the terminals communicate with each other via the base station.
The D2D communication may be classified into a network communication and a direct communication. Further, the D2D discovery may be classified into a network discovery and a direct discovery.
In the network communication (or discovery), the network (or base station) is involved in a series of all processes related to a communication (discovery) of the terminal That is, the base station may dynamically allocate a chunk of resources required for the communication (discovery) in every scheduling period and the network is involved in the communication (discovery) in a centralized manner in which the base station selects Resource Blocks (RBs) to be used by terminals which actually transmit/receive communication (discovery) signals.
Meanwhile, in the direct communication (discovery), a role of the network is minimized. That is, the base station statically allocates a chunk of resources required for the communication (discovery) and terminals to perform the communication (discovery) within the allocated chunk of resources select RBs required for the communication (discovery) in a distributed manner and transmit communication (discovery) signals.
Each terminal is required to transmit the communication (discovery) signal for the direct communication (discovery). Terminals which desire to transmit the communication (discovery) signal select one or more RBs from the RBs existing in a corresponding subframe and transmit the communication (discovery) signal. Since each terminal does not know which terminal transmits which signal, the terminal is required to select a resource for transmitting the communication (discovery) signal before transmitting the communication (discovery) signal.
A Greedy approach may be applied as an example of a method of selecting an RB for direct communication (discovery) signal transmission. The Greedy approach corresponds to a method in which the User Equipment (UE) receives communication (discovery) signals for a predefined communication (discovery) interval, measures energy levels of all RBs within the communication (discovery) interval, and randomly selects one of the RBs which has an energy level within the bottom x % (for example, 5%). The terminal transmits the communication (discovery) signal to the selected RB.
The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the present disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the present disclosure.

Scheme for D2D communication using priority


A tennis ball having a felt covering which has superior abrasion resistance, felt appearance and resistance to fuzzing which may occur during the use of ball, the felt covering being made of a polyethylene terephthalate fiber including a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer containing at least 90 mole % of recurring ethylene terephthalate units which satisfies the following parameters:. (a) a value of hot air shrinkability/intrinsic viscosity of polymer falling within the range of 5.0 to 7.5%, PA0 (b) birefringence of 170.times.10.sup.-3 to 185.times.10.sup.-3, PA0 (c) Orientation factor for crystallites fc=0.935 to 0.950, and PA0 (d) amorphous molecular orientation parameter of 0.75 to 0.90.

The present invention relates to a tennis ball comprising a spherical rubber core and a felt covering affixed thereto, and more particularly to an improvement in the felt covering.
Ordinary tennis balls generally consist of a spherical hollow core having a rubber elasticity and a felt or textile covering affixed onto the core.
For the felt for covering the core, there has been used, for instance, a woven felt called melton which is prepared by satin-weaving a blended yarn of wool and a chemical fiber such as nylon fiber; gigging and milling the satin fabric to form a felt having fibers firmly intertwined to form a dense structure; and a felt prepared by needle punching a fabric.
In general, a woven felt is used for top-grade tennis balls make from the viewpoint of good appearance. The woven felt has been generally prepared from a blended yarn of wool and nylon fiber in a ratio of from 60:40 to 70:30 by weight. It is also proposed to use a polyester or rayon fiber instead of nylon fiber to be blended with wool (e.g. Japanese Patent Publication Kokai No. 60-29157 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-135079).
In general, the woven felt is prepared by satin-weaving blended yarns of wool and a chemical fiber such as nylon, polyester or rayon fiber with the use of cotton fiber as under thread, subjecting the satin fabric to raising to form large quantities of raised fibers, and subjecting it to a milling processing peculiar to wool in order to make a raised fiber structure dense by intertwinement of the fibers, thus finishing up the satin fabric into a thick felt of good appearance. Such an intertwinement of the fibers resulting from the milling processing is peculiar to wool, and chemical fibers have no such action.
The felt covering of tennis balls reduces in thickness from being played since the felt fibers are gradually worn away and cut by repeated collision with a tennis court, thus resulting in a worn state. Wool is poor in abrasion resistance. Since a felt covering made of only wool shows marked abrasion by collision with a tennis court, it has been reinforced by blending a chemical fiber, as mentioned above. Nylon 6 and nylon 66 which are superior in tensile strength and dyeability, have been generally used as the chemical fiber for this purpose.
The fineness of the chemical fibers such as nylon used for this purpose is usually 6 deniers. In case of further increasing the abrasion resistance, chemical fibers having a fineness as thick as 12 deniers are used, but the use of 12 denier fibers is not desirable in that, since they are firm, namely bristle-like, it is difficult to sufficiently press down the fibers by milling processing, thus resulting in a rough appearance.
When nylon is used in an amount of 50% by weight or more in order to raise the abrasion resistance, milling effect is decreased, thus the obtained tennis balls show rough appearance, and also the ball characteristics are decreased so as to hinder playing due to marked napping during playing.
The felt covering has a function of decreasing an impact to a player at the time of striking a ball by a racket, and a function of controlling the ball speed by air resistance. These functions are also impaired by wear of the felt. That is to say, the tennis ball in play contacts the surface of a court and rebounds after sliding a short distance. At that time a frictional force generates between the ball and the court, whereby the fibers of the felt surface are gradually worn and cut away to reduce the thickness of the covering. Since the speed of ball struck increases with the increase of wear, the worn ball is no longer used and is exchanged with a new ball for playing. A high wear resistance of the felt covering is desired from an economical point of view.
In recent years, all weather tennis courts easy in maintenance have been popularly used, in addition to conventionally spread clay courts and en-tout-cas courts which do not so wear the felt covering. Various materials such as asphalt-type, polyurethanes and synthetic rubbers are used as the surface materials of all weather tennis courts, and among them some surface materials remarkably wear the felt covering. A high wear resistance of the covering is desired also from this a point of view.
It is a primary object of the present invention to improve the wear resistance of the felt covering of tennis ball while maintaining the good the appearance of the covering which directly affects the appearance of the ball itself and without decreasing a resistance to napping of the covering which occurs at the time of playing.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a tennis ball with a felt covering having an improved wear resistance, a good appearance and a good napping resistance.
These and other objects of the present invention will become apparent from the description hereinafter.


A method for forming a transistor of a semiconductor device comprises: forming an isolation film over a semiconductor substrate to define an active region; forming a first recess in an active region (one side) between the isolation films; forming a second recess having the same size as that of the first recess in an active region (the other side) between the isolation film; and forming a gate for filling the first recess and the second recess.

The present invention relates to a method for forming a transistor of a semiconductor device, and more specifically, to a method for forming a transistor having a recess gate using a double patterning technology to overcome the resolution limit of a photolithography process.
As the design rule becomes smaller, the current technology for manufacturing a semiconductor device represents a limit in resolution in a photolithography process by the design rule of 80 nm in a DRAM manufacturing process. In a pattern of 60 nm or less, an immersion process should be applied to several processes for forming various layers of a semiconductor device, which results in a requirement of expensive equipment.
A double patterning technology which is one of dry processes can be applied with the existing equipment to form a fine pattern.
As the integration of semiconductor devices increases, the channel length of transistors becomes shorter. As a result, a threshold voltage of the transistor becomes lower, which is called a short channel effect. In order to prevent the short channel effect, a recess is formed in a cell region of a semiconductor substrate, thereby obtaining a transistor having a recess gate so that the channel length may be longer.

Method for forming transistor of semiconductor device using double patterning technology


A combined glasses structure, including a lens component, two temples, a frame component and a nose pad component is provided. The lens component comprises two lens and a bridge, two temples are respectively detachably connected to the lens component; the frame component includes an upper frame and a lower frame, the upper frame and lower frame are respectively detachably arranged on an upper and a lower edge of the lens component; the nose pad component and the bridge are detachably connected to each other, and can restrict and fix the upper frame and/or lower frame arranged on the upper edge, lower edge, upper and lower edges of the two lens. By the detachable connection between the frame component and the lens, the frameless, half-frame (upper frame or lower frame) and full-frame functions of the combined glasses can be achieved.

In the existing technology, the glasses are divided into rimless glasses, semi-rimless glasses and full-rim glasses. In general case, different sports need to wear different glasses, e.g. when playing golf, rimless glasses are usually used to avoid sight line blocking and ensure light sport; when riding, semi-rimless (upper rim) glasses are usually used to ensure that sweat on the lenses is able to flow down.
The Chinese patent document CN203732816U disclosed a lens quick-release snap-fitting glasses structure in Jul. 23, 2014. It realizes the detachable connection of the upper rims and the lens assembly in the technical scheme of the patent, but not includes the rimless, lower rim and full-rim functions.
In the existing technology, the rimless, half-rimless or full-rim functions cannot be gathered in one pair of glasses at the same time, so that when carrying out different sports, different glasses are used, which increases the cost and decreases the convenience to carry and use.
In the existing technology, glasses typically consist of earpieces and lens assembly. The earpieces are pivotally coupled to the lens assemblies, and be capable of being folded and opened.
In the existing technology, the glasses body and lens assembly are typically assembled and non-removable, and the lenses in the lens assembly are also non-removable so as not to facilitate the cleaning and replacement of the lenses.
The Chinese patent document CN204203562U disclosed a kind of connecting glasses structure of rims and lenses on Mar. 11, 2015. The connecting glasses structure provided in the technical scheme of the patent uses the rotating block to achieve the removable lenses, but there still are some deficiencies, namely, it cannot adjust the earpieces outreach range.
Since the size of the wearer's head is different, and the distance between the two earpieces in the existing technology can generally not be adjusted, so that the glasses do not apply to different wearers and the comfort of the wearers also be affected.

Combined glasses structure, frameless glasses, half-frame glasses and full-frame glasses


A muzzle load assembly includes a flexible sleeve that has a first end, a second end and a peripheral wall extending between the first and second ends. The first end is open. A bullet is positioned within the sleeve. A plurality of powder charges is attached to the second end of the sleeve and extends away from the second end of the sleeve in an aligned orientation with respect to each other. Each of the power charges comprises a fibrous casing having gunpowder therein. The sleeve, bullet and attached powder charges are extendable into a muzzle of a muzzle-loading rifle.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to gun load devices and more particularly pertains to a new gun load device for loading a muzzle loading rifle in an efficient and expedited manner.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of gun load devices is known in the prior art. U.S. Pat. No. 5,726,378 describes a device propellant charge for a muzzle loading firearm. Another type of gun load device is U.S. Pat. No. 3,577,921 comprising a case-less ammunition construction for a firearm. A consumable black power cartridge is found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,759,885. Another black powder receiving cartridge is depicted in U.S. Pat. Des. No. 298,348.
While these devices fulfill their respective, particular objectives and requirements, the need remains for a device that includes one or more powder charges and a bullet positioned attached together in a unitary configuration and which can be loaded into a muzzle loading rifle. The unitary configuration allows for quicker loading of the rifle than if the bullet and power chargers were loaded independently of each other. The device should also include a sealed housing for holding a plurality of the bullets and attached powder charges. The housing will prevent moisture from affecting or compromising the integrity of the powder charges.


A system and method of providing a client with cashflow monitoring during a transfer of services (e.g. pre-authorized debits and credits) from a first account to a second account, the method comprising the steps of: (i) determining an effective date for the transfer of each service, said effective dates creating a transfer window; (ii) determining cashflows for said first account and said second account during said transfer window; (iii) adjusting effective dates for transfer of each services to avoid cashflow interruptions in said first and said second accounts; and (iv) providing a cashflow analysis to the client that lists all the effective dates for each service transfer and predicted cashflows for said first and said second account during said transfer window.

The financial industry has undergone significant changes in the last ten years. In addition to traditional banks, trust companies and other conventional financial institutions, many new financial institutions and categories of financial institutions have been created. These many financial institutions have accordingly become increasingly competitive in acquiring clients and make significant efforts to acquire new clients from other, competitor, institutions. Significant marketing efforts, discounts, service bundles and other incentives are employed by financial institutions to attract new clients, often from their competitors.
At the same time as the financial institutions have become more competitive in acquiring clients, the array of services that financial institutions offer their clients has increased and can include automated payments of utility company and other bills of the client, investment and money management services, automated transfers between accounts and/or institutions, etc. Also, financial institutions have introduced new services for their existing clients in efforts to retain those clients, increase profitability and/or expand the range of services offered by the financial institution. Further, many non-financial service providers have established interfaces to financial institutions which allow them to directly debit or credit their client's accounts with the financial institution.
As a consequence of the wide array of services available to the clients of financial institutions, clients may have a great deal of difficulty and/or inconvenience in transferring their existing services, including pre-authorized payments, credits and even their payroll, from an existing account to a new account, at the same financial institution or at a new institution. Thus, despite the above-mentioned significant efforts expended by a financial institution to attract new clients and/or retain existing clients, the inconvenience caused to, and effort required by, clients to transfer and/or reestablish existing services for a new account can be such a significant disincentive that the clients will not establish the new account and/or move to a new financial institution.
Another concern for clients is the need to monitor the timing of the transfer events and the status of the accounts to ensure the sufficient funds are available in each account to cover all of the transactions which take place during the transfer process.
It is desired to have a system and method for assisting a client who is transferring and/or reestablishing financial services with the monitoring of deadlines and cashflows.

Method and system for reporting cashflows to clients


The present disclosure provides an information processing method and apparatus. A terminal device encodes uplink control information (UCI) to obtain coded bits of the UCI, and encodes data to obtain coded bits of the data. The terminal device multiplexes the coded bits of the UCI and the coded bits of the data to obtain a multiplexed bit sequence. The terminal device then transmits the multiplexed bit sequence to a network device via a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). A length of a transmission time interval of the UCI is less than or equal to 0.5 millisecond. In this way, data transmission latency can be reduced.

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is long Term Evolution of a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) technical standard developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). LTE is widely applied in a wireless communications system.
In an existing LTE system, in a transmission mechanism based on a transmission time interval (TTI) of one subframe, duration of one subframe is one millisecond, each subframe is divided into two slots, a length of each slot is 0.5 millisecond, and each slot includes six or seven symbols. When uplink control information (UCI) is carried on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), the UCI is multiplexed on a PUSCH whose TTI has a length of one subframe for transmission.
In the wireless communications system, a latency is one of important factors affecting user experience. Constantly emerging new services, for example, services related to the Internet of Vehicles, also have a higher requirement on the latency.

Information processing method and apparatus


A single reel tape cartridge capable of achieving high-speed read/write access to tapes at high density by enhancing the molding accuracy of lower flange and eliminating inclination and waviness of flange walls is provided. A reel incorporated in a main case is composed of an upper flange, a lower flange, and a boss which is integrally plastic-molded with the lower flange for taking up a magnetic tape. An exit port for allowing an operating nail of an unlock tool to get in and out is open on the bottom wall of the boss. The lower flange is molded in the state that a bridging piece extending along radial direction of the lower flange is formed in the exit port, so that resin flow to the flange wall radially outside the exit port is promoted. The bridging piece is removed after the lower flange is molded.

The present invention relates to a single reel tape cartridge in which only one reel for winding magnetic tapes is housed inside a main case.
This type of tape cartridge has a reel lock mechanism between a reel and a main case so as to prevent the reel from idly rotating during unused time. The reel lock mechanism is available in several configurations. One configuration is such that the entire reel is pressed toward a lower case by a circular-plate-shaped reel presser so that lock teeth provided between the reel presser and a lower flange are engaged with each other to prevent idle rotation of the reel (see, e.g., JP 2003-187548 A, paragraph 0016, FIG. 3). The reel presser is supported in such a way as to allow vertical movement but not to allow rotation, and is constantly depressed downward by means of a lock spring. In this example, a gin unlock tool is disposed on the inner face of a bottom wall of a boss of the lower flange, and by operating the unlock tool so as to be pushed upward by a drive shaft of a tape drive, locked engagement between the reel presser and the lower flange is cancelled and the reel is rotatably driven.
The unlock tool is formed from a component extending three arms radially to the outer circumference from a principal surface wall in the center and having downward operating nails at the top ends of the respective arms. In order to protrude each operating nail to the lower face of the case, three exit ports are provided on the bottom wall of the boss in a vertically penetrating way. Drive teeth engaging with the drive shaft are intermittently formed on the outer face of the bottom wall of the boss, and the exit ports are provided in between the teeth.
In order to enhance the molding accuracy of flange walls, the present invention aims at optimizing a flow route of resins when lower flanges are molded. Enhancing the molding accuracy by partially changing the structure of the lower flanges are known to public as disclosed in JP 2004-87067 A (paragraph 0049, FIG. 9) for example. In this example, the structure of a position reference plane formed at three locations on the lower face of a bottom wall of a boss is changed. More specifically, the position reference plane originally having a solid structure is changed into a C-shaped frame so as to prevent "surface sink" during molding. It is to be noted that a reel lock mechanism in this example prevents idle rotation of the reel during unused time by engaging lock teeth formed on the periphery of a lower flange with a reel lock. Consequently, the exit ports for operating nails essential for the former example are not formed on the bottom wall of the boss in this example.
When the exit ports are formed on the bottom wall of the boss across the circumferential direction as described before, melted resin flows while de-touring the exit ports during molding process of the lower flange. Consequently, when the melted resin which detoured the exit ports converge, weld lines are generated, which causes uneven filling of resin and creates distortion on flange walls. More specifically, when a gate position is set in the center on the lower face of the low flange, a resin flow to a flange wall on an extension of an exit port tends to delay in proportion to the resin flow to other sections. This causes dispersion in filing density of resin on the flange wall in circumferential direction, generating waviness and inclination on the flange wall after solidification. The run-out amount on the flange face caused by the waviness and the inclination amounts to maximum 0.292 mm, which has been a major hurdle of achieving high-density and high-speed read/write access to magnetic tapes.


A transverse cutting device for a continuously fed-in web of material which is wound onto sequentially positioned winding tubes, wherein the transverse cutting device includes a cutter block which can be displaced transversely with respect to the web of material and can be driven by a drive mechanism in the displacement direction, and in which a cutting blade for the transverse cutting of the web of material is held, wherein the cutter block has an applicator brush trailing the cutting blade, by which the leading edge of the web of material formed while being severed can be successively placed against the circumference of a waiting winding tube. Also, a winding device for winding a continuously fed-in web of material onto sequentially provided winding tubes is proposed, which has a transverse winding device.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a transverse cutting device for a continuously fed-in web of material wound onto sequentially positioned winding tubes, wherein the transverse cutting device includes a cutter block, which can be displaced transversely with respect to the web of material and can be driven by a drive mechanism in the displacement direction, and in which a cutting blade for the transverse cutting of the web of material is held. This invention also relates to a winding device for winding a continuously fed-in web of material onto sequentially positioned winding tubes, which contains a rotatably driveable contact roller in a conveying device for feeding the web of material.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Webs of material made of plastics, such as webs of films and non-wovens, as well as other web-shaped substrates, are considered.
Transverse cutting devices are known, for example, from German Patent Reference 37 23 520 and are used in winding devices for a continuously fed web of material in order to sever the web of material by transverse cutting during a winding roller change, so that an already wound winding roller can be removed and replaced by a fresh winding roller, on which the winding process is again started. This exchange of the winding rollers occurs without an interruption of the feeding of the web of material. Thus it is important that the leading edge formed during transverse cutting is dependably placed against the circumference of the waiting winding roller, so that the winding process is dependably initiated on this waiting winding roller. In connection with high feeding speeds of the web of material in particular, this placement of the leading edge is often difficult.
It is known from German Patent Reference DE 101 16 973 A1, for example, to place the leading edge of the web of material created in the process of transverse cutting against the circumference of the waiting fresh winding tube by a blowing air stream, wherein also an electrostatic charge between the web of material and the winding tube is created by a charge electrode to cause the adherence of the leading edge of the web of material, which was deflected by the blowing air, on the circumference of the waiting winding tube.
However, this deflection of the leading edge, for example by blowing air, does not occur dependably in all operational states of a winding device thus designed.

Transverse cutting device for a web of material and winding device for the web of material


A laser-designated target simulator for testing laser-guided munitions and in particular the laser-seeking heads thereof. In one embodiment, the simulator includes: (1) a laser light source configured to provide laser light, (2) a waveguide configured to receive the laser light via an end thereof, (3) a baffle structure having a plurality of cavities associated therewith and (4) an actuator coupled to the laser light source and the end and configured to establish a distance therebetween, an intensity of the laser light entering the end being a function of the distance and a number of cavities interposing the laser light source and the end.

Although they have been in use since Vietnam, precision, laser-guided munitions (bombs, artillery shells and rockets) made their most public debut in the Gulf War of the early 1990s. Widely disseminated images of laser-guided munitions entering buildings through selected vent shafts or hitting bridges at specific structurally critical points gave the impression not only that a relatively small number of "smart" munitions could perform the same jobs that previously required carpet bombing or nuclear weaponry but also that collateral damage, and particularly civilian casualties, could be held to a minimum. The latest generation of laser-guided munitions is even more accurate and powerful than those used in the Gulf War and certainly represents the dominant trend in high precision aerial attack.
A laser-guided munition functions by homing in on a target illuminated (or "designated") by a reflected spot of laser light. The laser light is modulated to distinguish it from other laser sources that may be nearby. A laser-seeking head mounted on the munition contains optical sensors that detect the reflected laser light. The laser-seeking head typically first acquires and verifies the reflected laser light at a distance of several miles. Thereafter, the head moves control surfaces on the munition to maintain the spot of reflected light within its "cross-hair." As the munition closes on the target, the intensity of the reflected laser light amplifies significantly (roughly as a function of the square of the distance separating the target and the head).
Laser-guided munitions work best under ideal atmospheric conditions. Unfortunately, battlegrounds tend away from the ideal. Clouds, smoke, waves of hot air and intervening objects distort, obscure and attenuate the reflected laser light, making laser-designated target acquisition, verification and successful closure difficult. The consequence of failing to close to a target is either an unfulfilled military objective or collateral damage, both of which are unacceptable.
Testing of laser-seeking heads is therefore vital. Testing occurs in three phases. New designs of laser-seeking heads or new components for existing laser-seeking heads are advantageously design-tested under a wide variety of conditions to ensure that they will perform as designed. Newly manufactured laser-seeking heads are advantageously acceptance-tested to ensure that they have been correctly manufactured and calibrated. Laser-seeking heads that have been field-deployed are field-tested to ensure that they remain in good working order and proper calibration.
The best way to test laser-seeking heads is to provide to a laser-seeking head under test a simulation of the laser light that would be reflected back from a fictitious target. However, laser-designated target simulators do not have the luxury of replicating the actual distances involved. Instead, they are forced to use expensive laser light sources to provide the full range of, and proper increases in, light intensity that simulation requires. As a result, conventional target simulators are expensive, bulky and require extensive and time-consuming calibration to ensure proper operation.
What is needed in the art is a better laser-designated target simulator and a method of testing laser-seeking heads. More specifically, what is needed in the art is a laser-designated target simulator that does not require expensive laser light sources to provide the full range of, and proper increases in, light intensity.

Laser-designated target simulator and method of testing a laser-seeking munition head


A telecommunications component includes an outer housing that includes a badge holder. The badge holder is configured to receive a badge. The badge is configured to be inserted into the badge holder. The badge includes a feature that is identifying of the source of the telecommunications component and the feature is at least one of a logo, a specific color, text information, a barcode, a QR code, and a RFID tag. The badge includes a pair of arms extending from opposing sides to engage with the badge holder of outer housing. The badge includes a securing feature that is configured to secure the badge within the badge holder.

Associating telecommunications components with their corresponding network operators is both important in the field and in a warehouse environment. In some examples, color-coding components facilitates easily identifying particular cables and enclosures. In addition, cable jackets can be color coded to distinguish various types of connectors, types of network connections, and types of cables. For example, the color of a cable or enclosure can indicate a type of connector, the level of security of the network connection, or the identity of the network in a multi-network environment.
In existing systems, the cables and connectors can be colored at the factory during manufacturing. For example, the connectors can be molded in various colors and cable jackets can be extruded in various colors. However, this does not offer a retrofit solution to preexisting installations and is not cost effective. Improvements are desired.

Indicia and method for identifying telecommunications components


A MOS capacitor, a method of fabricating the same, and a semiconductor device using the same are provided. The MOS capacitor is arranged in an outermost cell block of the semiconductor device employing an open bit line structure. The MOS capacitor includes a first electrode arranged in a semiconductor substrate, a dielectric layer arranged on a semiconductor substrate, and a second electrode arranged on the dielectric layer and including a dummy bit line.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a MOS capacitor, a method of fabricating the same, and a semiconductor device using the same, and more particularly, to a technology of using a dummy cell as a MOS capacitor in a semiconductor device employing an open bit line structure.
2. Related Art
Cost savings is an important factor in dynamic random access memories (DRAMs), and shrinkage in chip size is effective in saving costs.
Until now, memory cell sizes have been shrunk through miniaturization process technology, but there is a further need to shrink the chip size by changing a memory arrangement.
In particular, a scheme of arranging a memory cell, which includes one transistor and one capacitor, and a sense amplifier configured to sense and amplify data of the memory cell, is an essential design factor which affects the chip size of the DRAMs. Schemes of arranging a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cell blocks (or a plurality of memory cell mats) and sense amplifiers, include a folded bit line scheme and an open bit line scheme.
Since, in the folded bit line scheme, one sense amplifier is arranged in pitches of four bit lines, a layout design of the sense amplifier is easier than that of the open bit line scheme. However, since the folded bit line scheme requires a memory cell area that is two times greater than that of the open bit line scheme, the chip size increases.
According to the open bit line scheme, memory cells are arranged in all intersections of word lines and bit lines so that a density of the memory cells is highest and thus a small-sized chip can be obtained. However, a bit line and a complementary bit line, which are connected to different memory cell blocks, are connected to a sense amplifier block in the open bit line scheme. That is, one sense amplifier block is arranged in pitches of two bit lines in a sense amplifier arrangement design.
In an open bit line type memory cell array, as a sense amplifier is connected to bit lines coupled to different memory cell blocks, half of the bit lines in the outermost memory cell block remain in a dummy state. That is, dummy cells, which are coupled to the bit lines in the dummy state and thus cannot act as memory cells, are arranged in the outermost memory cell block. As a result, an unnecessary overhead occurs in connection with the chip size.

Dummy bit line MOS capacitor and device using the same


An apparatus for bonding thin film supplied from a continuous roll to at least one bonding surface along the entire length of a discrete printed surface base plate and efficiently cutting the film to a proper length which covers an entire planar surface of the board. Each board is conveyed to a film bonding position and the leading end of the continuous film is transported to the film bonding position that is held by suction. A compression bonding roller moves across the surface of the board and automatically feeds film and bonds the film to the board while leaving a portion of the film loose over the trailing end of the board. A cutter comprising a rotary blade and a fixed blade disposed across the direction of movement of the film and the board is mounted on a slide bed which is moveable towards and away from the film. The rotary blade is obliquely oriented in order to permit the cutting of the film when the blade is rotated in opposition to the fixed blade. The compression bonding roller then completes the bonding of the loose end of the film through the remaining portion of the board. This structure permits a wide film to be rapidly and positively cut and bonded to the board.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to a film bonding method and an apparatus for performing such a method, and more particularly to a method of and apparatus for, thermocompression-laminating a laminate film (thin sheet) composed of a photosensitive resin layer and a light-permeable resin film, from a continuous roll onto discrete boards for printed circuits.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In conventional film bonding machines, boards for printed circuits are conveyed by a conveyor, or the like, to a bonding station and a laminate film is fed from a continuous roll to the bonding station where it is cut to length corresponding to the length of the board and is bonded thereto. As a device for cutting this laminate film, a movable cutter, comprising a rotary disc blade reciprocally movable transversely of the laminate film, is used.
With the above-mentioned conventional cutter, however, in order for the transversely-movable rotary disc blade to accurately cut the moving laminate film, in a direction perpendicular to the laminate film, it is necessary for the reciprocal movement of the cutter to be effected quite rapidly. More specifically, the laminate film ordinarily has a considerable width of about 600 mm, and therefore the rotary disc blade cutter must be moved a distance of about 700 mm.
The conventional movable cutter has a limited speed of movement and, therefore, the feed rate or speed of the laminate film is necessarily limited. For example, if the maximum speed of the movement of the rotary cutting disk is such that it takes about a half second for the disc to be moved by 700 mm, the maximum speed of the movement of the laminate film can only be about 3 m/min. Further, when the rotary disc blade cutter is abruptly moved and then stopped, a great impact is applied to guide members for the cutter. This impact results in damage to the apparatus and thus a high cost for the maintenance of the device.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a film bonding method and apparatus in which a wide film can be quickly cut by a rotary cutter, so that a length of the film thus cut can be rapidly bonded.
Another object of the invention is to provide a rotary film cutter which prevents guide members for the cutter from being subjected to large impact forces.
A further object of the invention is to provide a film bonding apparatus which is simple in construction.
These and other objects and novel features of the present invention will become manifest upon making reference to the detailed description of this specification and the accompanying drawings.

Apparatus for bonding continuous thin film to discrete base plates and film cutting apparatus therefor


A control circuit according to an embodiment of the disclosure performs control of active matrix driving by a field inversion driving method to cause a vertical effective display period in one field period to be close to a start time of the one field period upon observation of a waveform of a signal outputted from the control circuit with display resolution of 200 μsec or display resolution lower than display resolution of 200 μsec. The one field period is defined by a vertical start signal.

In a display device including a liquid crystal cell as an electrooptical element, if a DC voltage is continuously applied to the liquid crystal cell for a long time, deterioration of resistivity (a resistance value inherent to a substance) of the liquid crystal, or an afterimage phenomenon called "burning" occurs. Therefore, an AC driving method that inverts a polarity of a signal voltage applied to a pixel electrode of the liquid crystal cell with respect to a potential of a counter electrode of the liquid crystal cell at a predetermined period, is adopted. A well known example of the AC driving method is a field inversion driving method that inverts the polarity of the signal voltage for each field period while fixing a common voltage applied to the counter electrode, or inverts the common voltage in addition to the signal voltage for each field period (see PTL 1).

Control circuit, display device, electronic apparatus, and projection display apparatus


Heteroaryl pyridone and aza-pyridone amide compounds with electrophilic functionality of Formula I are provided, including stereoisomers, tautomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, useful for inhibiting Btk, and for treating cancer and immune disorders such as inflammation mediated by Btk. Methods of using compounds of Formula I for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis, and treatment of such disorders in mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions, are disclosed.

Protein kinases, the largest family of human enzymes, encompass well over 500 proteins. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (Btk) is a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases, and is a regulator of early B-cell development as well as mature B-cell activation, signaling, and survival.
B-cell signaling through the B-cell receptor (BCR) can lead to a wide range of biological outputs, which in turn depend on the developmental stage of the B-cell. The magnitude and duration of BCR signals must be precisely regulated. Aberrant BCR-mediated signaling can cause disregulated B-cell activation and/or the formation of pathogenic auto-antibodies leading to multiple autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases. Mutation of Btk in humans results in X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA). This disease is associated with the impaired maturation of B-cells, diminished immunoglobulin production, compromised T-cell-independent immune responses and marked attenuation of the sustained calcium sign upon BCR stimulation. Evidence for the role of Btk in allergic disorders and/or autoimmune disease and/or inflammatory disease has been established in Btk-deficient mouse models. For example, in standard murine preclinical models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Btk deficiency has been shown to result in a marked amelioration of disease progression. Moreover, Btk deficient mice can also be resistant to developing collagen-induced arthritis and can be less susceptible to Staphylococcus-induced arthritis. A large body of evidence supports the role of B-cells and the humoral immune system in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases. Protein-based therapeutics (such as Rituxan®, Genentech/Biogen Idec) developed to deplete B-cells, represent an approach to the treatment of a number of autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases. Because of Btk's role in B-cell activation, inhibitors of Btk can be useful as inhibitors of B-cell mediated pathogenic activity (such as autoantibody production). Btk is also expressed in osteoclasts, mast cells and monocytes and has been shown to be important for the function of these cells. For example, Btk deficiency in mice is associated with impaired IgE-mediated mast cell activation (marked diminution of TNF-alpha and other inflammatory cytokine release), and Btk deficiency in humans is associated with greatly reduced TNF-alpha production by activated monocytes.
Thus, inhibition of Btk activity can be useful for the treatment of allergic disorders and/or autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases such as: SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple vasculitides, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), myasthenia gravis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma (Di Paolo et al (2011) Nature Chem. Biol. 7(1):41-50; Liu (2011) Drug Metab. and Disposition 39(10):1840-1849; Liu et al (2011) Jour. of Pharm. and Exper. Ther. 338(1):154-163; Lou et al (2012) J. Med. Chem. 55(10):4539-4550; Farooqui et al (2013) Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, Volume: 1, Issue: 11: 925-933). In addition, Btk has been reported to play a role in apoptosis; thus, inhibition of Btk activity can be useful for cancer, as well as the treatment of B-cell lymphoma, leukemia, and other hematological malignancies (U.S. Pat. No. 7,514,444). Given the role of Btk in osteoclast function, the inhibition of Btk activity can be useful for the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis. Specific Btk inhibitors have been reported (U.S. Pat. No. 7,884,108, WO 2010/056875; U.S. Pat. No. 7,405,295; U.S. Pat. No. 7,393,848; WO 2006/053121; U.S. Pat. No. 7,947,835; US 2008/0139557; U.S. Pat. No. 7,838,523; US 2012/0040949; US 2012/0295885; US 2013/0045965; U.S. Pat. No. 7,683,064; U.S. Pat. No. 7,902,194; U.S. Pat. No. 7,906,509; U.S. Pat. No. 8,124,604; US 2008/0125417; US 2011/0118233; WO2011/140488; US 2012/0010191; WO2013/067274; US 2013/0116235; WO2013/067277; US 2013/0116245; WO2013/067260; US 2013/0116262; WO2013/067264; US 2013/0116246.
Irreversible inhibitors provide potent and selective inhibition of tyrosine kinase enzymes and may overcome the tumor resistance encountered with reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Carmi et al (2012) Biochem. Pharmacol. 84(11):1388-1399). The perceived advantages of irreversible target-binding by covalent bond formation of inhibitor with target are efficacy, ability to overcome competition, and within-class selectivity. Intrinsic liabilities include target- and mutation-dependent responses and toxicity. Irreversible inhibitors inactivate their protein target through covalent interaction with a nucleophilic cysteine residue within the nucleotide binding pocket of the kinase domain. Different irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors directed against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (FGFR) have been developed and some of them have been employed clinically as anticancer agents
Compounds that form covalent bonds with Btk have been reported (U.S. Pat. No. 7,514,444; U.S. Pat. No. 8,088,781), including ibrutinib (IMBRUVICA®, Pharmacyclics, Sunnyvale, Calif., Janssen Biotech, Inc., Raritan, N.J.) which has been approved by the FDA to treat patients with B-cell malignancy, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Ibrutinib has also demonstrated clinical efficacy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Also, PF-112 (Pfizer, Inc.) is a covalent-reversible inhibitor of Btk being developed for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disease.

Heteroaryl pyridone and aza-pyridone compounds with electrophilic functionality


This power transmission apparatus transmits power to a power reception apparatus by means of a magnetic field resonance system by supplying an output AC voltage (VE) of a class E amplifier to a power-transmission side resonance circuit (TT). Before the transmission of power, the output AC voltage (VE) of the class E amplifier is divided, and a voltage obtained by the division is supplied to the power-transmission side resonance circuit (TT). A current amplitude detection value of a power-transmission side coil (TL) at this time is obtained as an evaluation value, and whether to permit execution of power transmission is controlled on the basis of the evaluation value, through determination as to whether a foreign object is present or not.

As a kind of close-range wireless communication, there is known wireless communication by NFC (near-field communication), which uses a carrier frequency of 13.56 MHz. On the other hand, there have been proposed technologies that utilize a coil used for NFC communication to achieve non-contact power feeding by magnetic resonance.
In non-contact power feeding by magnetic resonance, a transmission-side resonance circuit including a transmission-side coil is arranged in a power feeding device, and a reception-side resonance circuit including a reception-side coil is arranged in an electronic device as a power reception device, with the resonance frequencies of the respective resonance circuits set at a common reference frequency. When an alternating current is passed in the transmission-side coil, an alternating magnetic field at the reference frequency is produced in the transmission-side coil. This alternating magnetic field propagates to the reception-side resonance circuit that resonates at the reference frequency, causing an alternating current to pass in the reception-side coil. Thus, electric power is transferred from the transmission-side resonance circuit including the transmission-side coil to the reception-side resonance circuit including the reception-side coil.

Power transmission device and non-contact power feeding system for transmitting electric power to power reception device by magnetic resonance


A circuit for generating temperature-stable clocks including first and second crystal oscillators, an input for a reference clock source, a clock output, a first phase acquisition circuit coupled to the first and second crystal oscillators, a second phase acquisition circuit coupled to the input for the reference clock source and to the second crystal oscillator, a first DPLL coupled to the first phase acquisition circuit, a crystal oscillator variation estimator coupled to the first DPLL, a second DPLL coupled to the second phase acquisition circuit and including a phase-frequency detector having a input coupled to the second phase acquisition circuit, a loop filter, a frequency subtractor having an input coupled to the loop filter and an input coupled to the crystal oscillator variation estimator, and a DCO coupled to the frequency subtractor and driving an input of the phase-frequency detector.

The present invention relates to clock generation. More particularly, the present invention relates to a circuit and method for generating temperature-stable clocks using ordinary oscillators.
Many circuit applications require stable frequency and low jitter characteristics for the clock circuit. The cost of temperature-compensated crystal oscillators (TCXO) and/or oven-controlled crystal oscillators (OCXO) that are presently required to meet such demands are high. It would therefore be advantageous to provide a solution that allows replacement of TCXO or OCXO with ordinary crystal oscillators (XO).

Circuit and method for generating temperature-stable clocks using ordinary oscillators


A plumbing fitting for coupling a water supply line to a second plumbing fitting includes a polymeric tailpiece having one end for coupling to a conduit and an opposite end with an outwardly extending annular flange having an annular face surface. A circular recess is formed in the face surface for receiving a seal. A nut is positioned over the tailpiece and has an inwardly extending annular rim engaging a side of the flange opposite the face surface. The nut is formed of a polymeric material having internal threads and integrally includes a metal insert extending in concentric spaced relationship to the threads of the nut. The insert includes an end which is threaded and forms a lead-in thread that is coaxial with the threads of the nut.

The present invention relates to a coupling and, particularly, one for coupling a water supply line to a water meter.
In recent years, in order to reduce exposure of individuals to lead in their water supply systems, federal and state government agencies have issued regulations that provide standards for acceptable levels of lead in drinking water and the amount of lead that can leech from plumbing fittings. In order to meet these specifications, several low lead alloys are being employed in plumbing fittings. Fittings made of low lead alloys, however, are somewhat expensive and costly to manufacture. Plastic fittings have become popular as an alternative to the higher priced copper and bronze plumbing fittings and tubing but, for some applications, they may not provide the desired strength and durability.
As a result, and particularly where fastening fittings, such as union joints and the like are involved, plastic fittings, such as coupling nuts have been reinforced either internally or externally with metal. U.S. Pat. No. 4,682,797 shows one approach to composite polymeric and metal pipe fittings. It would be desirable to provide a universal polymeric fitting which is sufficiently strong, such that it can be employed in plumbing systems which are substantially lead-free.


Multiple embodiments of mechanisms for sensing the opening and closing of pharmaceutical containers are disclosed. In particular, the example sensing mechanisms of the invention trigger an automatic, built-in, electronic dosage reminder and open/close event logging operation while requiring no additional actions or otherwise changed behavior by the patient, in order to increase patient compliance with dosing regimens. Furthermore, certain embodiments of the sensing mechanisms are reliable and sufficiently low cost to be practical for use in commercial product applications. In one embodiment, the sensing mechanism includes two electrical conductors that have no electrical connection therebetween when the closure is not present on the container and a bridge conductor in the closure that provides an electrical connection therebetween when the closure is tightened onto the container. In this example embodiment, the state of the two electrical conductors may be monitored in order to sense a container opening and closing event.

Outpatient prescription medication treatments are relied upon heavily for increased quality of life and lower lifetime healthcare costs. Medical experts have long held that taking at least 80% of a prescribed drug is required to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes and lower lifetime healthcare costs. For example, a patient who faithfully takes cholesterol-reducing medicine significantly reduces the likelihood of a coronary event that has attendant cost-intensive medical procedures and diminished quality of life. Outpatients strongly desire to avoid such events and hospital stays, yet only 20% of all outpatients take their prescription medicines according to doctor's instructions.
Pharmaceutical manufacturers also stand to gain from increased outpatient medication compliance in the form of increased medication sales. Accordingly, these manufacturers are actively investing in and testing compliance-increase techniques. A marketing executive at one major pharmaceutical company said that his market research has documented that patients want to comply, but will not take on the burden of any additional actions or otherwise change behavior.
For these reasons, a need exists for reminder mechanisms for increasing patient compliance with dosing regimens. In particular, a need exists for reminder mechanisms that place little or no burden on the patient and that are sufficiently low cost to be practical for use in commercial product applications.

System for sensing the opening and closing of a pharmaceutical container


The output data controller is provided with a data printing area for storing print data. Management data is generated by the attribute data of a banner page and is stored in a management table. Based on the management data stored in the management table, the print data stored in the data printing area is managed.

The present invention relates to an output data controller that receives data through a line and outputs the received data to an external output device.
In data output systems where a plurality of personal computers interconnected through a network print out data by a printing device, a data output controller called a print server is interposed between a file server which temporarily archives data connected onto a personal computer or a network and the printing device. It is possible to connect a plurality of printing devices to this print server.
It is possible in a system such as this to print out desirable print information from any personal computer to any printing device connected to the print server. In that case the print data is temporarily stored in the file server and then is transmitted from this file server through the print server to a specified printing device, by means of which the data is printed out.
In a communication operating system (OS) where data transmission and reception are controlled in a network by using a file server and a print server, for example, in NetWare (US Novel Co.), a header file called a banner page is added before data that is transmitted or received. This banner page, as shown in FIG. 8, is constituted by a user name (of print data), a file name, a directory name, a queue name, a file server name, a print server name, a generation tool name, or creation data and time, etc., as attribute data. This banner page is used in the identification in the data transmission and reception control and also is printed out as indicating the head of each print data when printed by a printer.
The banner page and the data (print data) will be deleted from the buffer of the print server and will no longer exist in the network system, if printing is ended.
In the conventional data output controller, when printing errors occur in the printing device, there is the problem that the transmitted data must be again transmitted, because the data has already been deleted from the network.
As a method of solving this problem, there is not a buffer which temporarily stores data in the data output controller but a memory for storing data. However, in that case a method of managing stored data is needed.


A jewelry display hanger is provided that has a body, a hook, a neck, a base and a flap. The body has a hook on a first end and two sides extending outwardly to a second end. The neck extends from the second end of the body and connects to the base, which has first and second arms. First and second recesses are formed between the arms and the second end of the body. Each of the arms has at least one slot that extends between one of the recesses and an aperture. The flap extends downwardly from the base and has a closure device near its distal end. The closure device is detachably affixed in an aperture in the base or neck to secure the distal end of the flap to the base or neck for attaching the hanger to an article of jewelry.

Small articles, such as jewelry, are commonly displayed for sale in retail stores on racks or in display cases where the articles are hung. A variety of different hangers and tags have been used that are secured to the article and have a means for attaching the article to the rack for display. Several of the criteria for designing these hangers relate to the cost of manufacturing the hangers and the cost of attaching them to the articles. Another important design consideration is that the hangers must be convenient for the merchant to display and they must be convenient for the customer to remove after purchase.
Hangers used for displaying jewelry, such as earrings, bracelets and necklaces, must be designed so that the customer can easily view the jewelry and remove the hanger from the display rack. The hangers must also be designed so that the customer can easily remove the hanger to try on the jewelry. Because a customer may try on several pieces of jewelry before making a selection, the hangers must be designed so that they can be removed and then reinstalled on the rack by the customer numerous times without damaging either the jewelry or the hangers.
Accordingly, there is a need for a hanger for displaying jewelry that can be easily removed and reinstalled in the display and that does not prevent the jewelry from being worn by a customer. There is also a need for a hanger for displaying jewelry that can be economically manufactured and easily and firmly secured to the jewelry.


The picture information of video can be used in various ways to identify the video or its topical subject matter. This enables numerous novel arrangements in which particular video of interest to a particular consumer can be discerned. A variety of other embodiments and features are also detailed.

(Much of the disclosure from which the present claims are drawn is found towards the end of this specification.)
Digital watermarking is the science of encoding physical and electronic objects with plural-bit digital data, in such a manner that the data is essentially hidden from human perception, yet can be recovered by computer analysis. In physical objects, the data may be encoded in the form of surface texturing, or printing. Such marking can be detected from optical scan data, e.g., from a scanner or web cam. In electronic objects (e.g., digital audio or imagery—including video), the data may be encoded as slight variations in sample values. Or, if the object is represented in a so-called orthogonal domain (also termed "non-perceptual," e.g., MPEG, DCT, wavelet, etc.), the data may be encoded as slight variations in quantization values or levels. The present assignee's U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,122,403 and 6,408,082, and application Ser. No. 09/503,881, are illustrative of certain watermarking technologies. Watermarking techniques are also taught in the following Philips U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,252,972, 6,209,092, 6,198,832, 6,157,330, 6,131,161, 6,031,815, 5,940,134, 5,933,798, and 5,873,022.
Watermarking can be used to tag objects with a persistent digital identifier, and as such finds myriad uses. Some are in the realm of device control—e.g., tagging video data with a do-not-copy flag that is respected by compliant video recorders. (The music industry's Secure Digital Music Initiative (SDMI), and the motion picture industry's Copy Protection Technical Working Group (CPTWG), are working to establish standards relating to watermark usage for device control.) Other watermark applications are in the field of copyright communication, e.g., indicating that an audio track is the property of a particular copyright holder.
Other watermark applications encode data that serves to associate an object with a store of related data. For example, an image watermark may contain an index value that serves to identify a database record specifying (a) the owner's name; (b) contact information; (c) license terms and conditions, (d) copyright date, (e) whether adult content is depicted, etc., etc. (The present assignee's MarcCentre service provides such functionality.) Related are so-called "connected content" applications, in which a watermark in one content object (e.g., a printed magazine article) serves to link to a related content object (e.g., a web page devoted to the same topic). The watermark can literally encode an electronic address of the related content object, but more typically encodes an index value that identifies a database record containing that address information. Application Ser. No. 09/571,422 details a number of connected-content applications and techniques.

Methods employing topical subject criteria in video processing


An exercise and posture correcting device comprising a slightly bowed strip of spring steel or other material having comparable flexing characteristics extends upwardly from the rearward portion of a broad width waist belt to which it is connected at one end to a padded contact member connected to a height adjustable extension sleeve slidably received on the strip at its upper end, such padded contact member at such upper end being positioned to bear against the wearer's back in the region between his shoulder blades. The padded contact member is biased toward and against the wearer's back by the strip of spring steel or other material. A rigid plate is secured to the broad width waist belt in back on which a tension adjusting ratchet assembly is mounted to increase or decrease pressure against the user's back as desired.

Prior art devices in this general field of which the inventor is aware include those disclosed in the following United States Patent, copies of which are readily available to the public: No. 5,342,289; No. 5,199,940; No. 4,995,383; No. 5,107,826; No. 5,086,757; No. 4,640,269; No. 3,420,230; No. 2,871,650; No. 1,755,641; No. 1,722,192; No. 1,581,791; No. 1,410,056; No. 639,072; No. 443,764. The exercise and posture correcting device in accordance with the present invention are an improvement over the prior art in that it provides a light weight unit which can be worn by the user for relatively long periods of time as he goes about his business and carries on his regular activities, to continuously provide the muscle stimulation and exercise needed by the muscles which enable a person to maintain good posture over a relatively lengthy sustained time period. The present invention can be worn and continuously used for several hours or more. If desired it can be used and worn all day. Stimulation and exercise of the relevant muscles over a lengthy sustained period of time is more successful in achieving the desired result as compared to exercise and posture devices that can only be used on a sustained continuous basis no more than an hour or less.


The present invention provides a digital copying method for preventing complete copying by the use of digital copying. A data generating portion includes a storage device which generates a plurality of digital copies having mutually different amounts of effective information from original digital data, and stores the set of digital content having the digital copies encrypted different numbers of times in a memory. A digital output portion decrypts the set of digital content retrieved from the memory a prescribed number of times, making usable and outputting one of the digital copies in the set of digital content. An analog output portion extracts the digital copy that has been encrypted zero times from the set of digital content, converts that copy to analog data, and outputs that data.

The present invention relates to a method and device for protecting digital content, and more particularly to a digital copying method and storage device for digital content whereby the quality of the digital content deteriorates when a digital copy is made.
With the dissemination of information technology and the development of networks, the network transmission of digital content, such as music or still or moving images, has become very common. Copyright protection has become a problem of this transmission of digital content. When analog data is copied, the quality of the copy is degraded compared to that of the source. However, digital data can be copied many times with no deterioration of the quality. Consequently, there are no limits to the copying of digital data and it is possible to repeat the copying process and endlessly create data of the same quality as the original data. Moreover, with the realization of today's multi-functional PCs (personal computers), it has become possible to playback music and image content onto a personal computer. On a PC, it is possible to perform various operations that are not possible with devices exclusively for playing back content, such as CD or DVD players. The content data can be copied directly from the CD or DVD. Also, data that has been copied into the PC once can be easily produce many unauthorized copies.
Before now, music and image content was played with dedicated playback devices such as CD or DVD players. It was possible to control the permission to copy the digital content with the dedicated playback devices. For example, the content was encrypted and protected with CSS (Content Scramble System) on DVD. With encrypted content data, the content cannot be played back without a decryption key to cancel the encryption, even if removed directly from the medium. Also, with CGMS (Copy Generation Management System), copy generation management of the content can be performed so that copying from the original is permitted, but copying from a copy is not permitted.
In the case of the above mentioned methods, the copying of digital content has no flexibility and either a complete copy is possible or no copy can be made at all. Here, a complete copy is a copy of a quality such that the content user cannot perceive a difference in quality between the digital content of the copy source and the digital content of the copy destination. If there is no flexibility in the copying of digital content, such as if it were made impossible to make a copy from content data of a generation for which copying is not permitted, a user of the digital content might be limited in making copies for personal use, which was originally possible. It is possible to make a complete copy, for which the quality of the content is not changed at all, from content data of a generation for which copying is permitted. In the case of fraudulently repeating the copying process, however, this is a problem from the perspective of copyright protection.
There is a need for a method for copying digital content, to prevent digital copying of complete copies, for protecting the rights of the creators of digital content while supporting the desire of users to acquire digital content.

Digital copying method and storage device for digital content


Aspects of the invention are intended to stabilize the initial state of an active matrix so as to reduce unnecessary power consumption and stabilize the operation. The driving device can include a selection device that is coupled to any of a plurality of row direction lines and any of a plurality of column direction lines, and by which a selected state and a non-selected state of the row direction lines or the column direction lines are switched to each other. The driving device can also include a device that switches to the non-selected state that switches the selection device coupled to the row direction lines or the selection device coupled to the column direction lines to a non-selected state. Selection by the selection device can be implemented after the selection device is switched to a non-selected state by the device that switches to the non-selected state.

1. Field of Invention
The invention relates to an active-matrix driving device for driving active elements, such as electrostatic capacitance detection elements arranged in a matrix, an electrostatic capacitance detection device, and electronic equipment that utilize the same.
2. Description of Related Art
In related electrostatic capacitance fingerprint sensors, as disclosed, for example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-118415, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-346608, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-56204, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-133213, a surface of a sensor electrode formed on a substrate is covered with a dielectric film, and an electrostatic capacitance detection circuit that detects electrostatic capacitance formed between a fingertip and the sensor electrode with regarding the potential of the fingertip as a reference potential, is equipped, and thereby recognizing ridges and valleys in a fingerprint. Such related electrostatic capacitance detection circuits can be made up of active elements and are arranged in a matrix, enabling selection of each electrostatic capacitance detection circuit according to the combination of a scan line and a date line. Thereby, ridges and valleys pattern of a fingerprint can be obtained as binary image data.

Active-matrix driving device, electrostatic capacitance detection device, and electronic equipment