A method, apparatus, and computer instructions for process-based access controls on computer resources to processes. An access mechanism is provided in which a specific invoker obtains an object access identity (ACI). Another mechanism is provided in which a specific object, such as a file system resource, requires a specific object access identity to obtain one of the forms of access denoted by an access control list. A process may “grant” an identifier that is later “required” for a system resource access. Objects may specify their own access requirements and permitted access modes. The granted identifier, ACI, is stored in the process's credentials once these credentials match a specific “grant” entry in the access control list. This identifier has no meaning outside of being used to make an access decision for a specific resource. When a process tries to access the object, the object's access control list is scanned for “required” entries. If a match occurs between the “required” entry's identifier and the ACI stored, access to the object is granted with access rights specified in the “require” entries.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to an improved data processing system and in particular to an improved data processing system having multiple processes and multiple resources. Still more particularly, the present invention provides a method, apparatus, and computer instructions for providing process-based access controls on multiple computer resources to multiple processes.
2. Description of Related Art
As computer systems become increasingly complex, the task of managing access to various system resources also becomes more difficult. System resources involved are not only limited to common shared file and program data. Resources such as network printers and physical memory also are shared among multiple processes on multiple systems. Control mechanisms are needed to ensure the resource access types, such as the form of access being requested. These accesses include, for example: read a file, write a file, bind a shared memory segment, and opening a device. Furthermore, control mechanisms that prevent propagation of enhanced privileges or access rights also are needed.
Various approaches to solve the problem of process-based access controls have been proposed. One access control system uses a set user identification bit (SUID) to change the effective user ID from the actual user to the owner of the executable file. As a result, during the execution of the program, the current user appears to be the owner of the executable file and all the data files accessible by the owner of the executable file are accessible to the program. However, this SUID exposes a potential security flaw and privilege leak. Since the SUID has meaning outside of the applications subsystem, the SUID can grant more privileges than an ordinary user may require. In addition, a privilege leak may occur when a program, granted root access, inadvertently executes another program, which results in a security violation.
Another proposed solution to solve the process-based access controls problem is called a Flask/Fluke concept. This concept uses an object manager to enforce security policy decisions on objects. A security policy labels the object with a set of security attributes called security context, which consists of attributes such as: user identity, classification level, and role. In one example implementation of Flask/Fluke, a process manager is responsible for ensuring each process is securely initialized. However, the process manager provides support for fork and execve operations, which means the security ID may be changed through an execve operation. In addition, Flask/Fluke lacks the ability to selectively alter the capabilities of the process based on the identity of the invoker or the path by which the process came to be executed.
Therefore, it would be advantageous to have an improved method, apparatus, and computer instructions for providing process-based access controls on computer resources by creating an identifier that has no meaning outside of the application, has no meaning if a given system resource that has not requested that specific identifier is required, and has a limited potential for security exposures. Moreover, it would be advantages to have a mechanism that provides a level of granularity to ensure that system resource access and corresponding access rights are limited a specific application.

Method and apparatus for providing process-based access controls on computer resources


Screw guide is provided and includes a cylindrical member having a first end adapted to rotate a fastener and a second end adapted to receive torque from an external source and transfer the torque to the fastener, a stop ring engaged with the cylindrical member that is adjustable to control the movement of the fastener with respect to the screw guide. The screw guide may also include a sleeve that surrounds the cylindrical member and the stop ring and a stand off ring that is engaged with the cylindrical member.

The present invention is directed to devices to aid in the insertion of fasteners into materials.
It is often desirable to insert a fastener, such as a screw, a known or predetermined depth into a material. Inserting the screw a known depth into a material can be a critical evolution when it is important to avoid inserting the screw too deep into a material, i.e. to avoid the screw from extending through the opposite side of the material when it is thinner than the length of the screw, or to avoid inserting the screw too deep in the material to prevent the material from fracturing if the material is brittle and the screw extends through a majority of the depth of the material. Additionally, it is often desirable to insert a screw into a material such that the screw head does not contact the material surface that the screw is extended into, i.e. when the screw head is at a "stand off height" from the material surface. In addition to inserting a screw into a material with a stand off height it is often critical that multiple screws of the same length be inserted into a material with each having the same stand off height above the material surface.
It is desirable to provide a screw guide device with an improved design to insert a screw a predetermined depth into a material and provide a mechanism to establish a repeatable screw head stand off height.


An indoor unit of an air conditioner includes an indoor unit casing, a front panel, and a moving mechanism. A first suction port is provided at a front surface of the indoor unit casing. The front panel is provided at the front surface of the indoor unit casing, and opens and closes the first suction port. The moving mechanism moves the front panel to: a closed state, in which the front panel closes the first suction port; a first open state, in which the front panel moves frontward from the closed state and opens the first suction port; and a second open state, in which the front panel moves further frontward from the first state and more widely opens the first suction port.

It is known to equip an indoor unit of an air conditioner with a front surface panel that opens and closes a suction port, which is provided to the front surface of a casing. This front surface panel covers the suction port when the operation of the indoor unit of the air conditioner is stopped, thereby making it possible to conceal the suction port from external view and thus improve the design qualities of the indoor unit. In addition, during operation of the indoor unit of the air conditioner, the front surface panel moves rotationally about its lower end so that it inclines frontward, thereby opening the suction port and ensuring the suction of air (refer to Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. H7-98129, FIG. 1). Consequently, it is possible to simultaneously achieve good design qualities and ventilation performance.

Indoor unit of an air conditioner having variable intake suction port


A friction material for operating in oil containing 5 to 70 wt. % of fibrillated ramie fibers with a freeness of 400 to 700 ml and a friction material for operating in oil further containing cotton pulp and/or aramid fibers in addition to said fibrillated ramie fibers. They improve the wear resistance of friction material under the conditions of high-speed and high-pressure applied and in moisture-containing oil.

The present invention relates to friction materials utilized for wet brake, wet clutch, power shift clutch, power take-off clutch, transmission, etc. for industrial machine vehicles, construction machine vehicles and cars, which are excellent in the wear resistance particularly under the conditions of high-speed and high-pressure applied and in moisture-containing oil.
With conventional paper-like friction materials for operating in oil, the wear is significant under the conditions of high-speed and high-pressure applied and further chipping and peeling-off generate on braking, hence the limit of use conditions has been at low level. Moreover, even if they may be used without problems in a new oil at the beginning of use, a phenomenon of abnormally increased wear occurs when moisture is incorporated into oil due to some external reason, formation of dew, or the like.
As a result of extensive investigations in view of this situation, friction materials for operating in oil having excellent wear resistance under the conditions of high-speed and high-pressure applied and in moisture-containing oil have been developed by the invention.


A nanowire electromechanical switching device is constructed with a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed on an insulating substrate and spaced apart from each other, a first nanowire vertically grown on the source electrode and to which a V1 voltage is applied, a second nanowire vertically grown on the drain electrode and to which a V2 voltage having an opposite polarity to that of the V1 voltage is applied, and a gate electrode spaced apart from the second nanowire, partially surrounding the second nanowire and having an opening that faces the first nanowire in order to avoid disturbing a mutual switching operation of the first nanowire and the second nanowire and to which a V3 voltage having the same polarity as that of the V2 voltage is applied.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a switching device, and more particularly, to a nanowire electromechanical switching device having an improved structure in which stable on-off switching characteristics between two nanowires that contact each other and that are switched and low-voltage driving characteristics are shown, and a method for manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
A contemporary nanowire switching device is typically constructed with an insulating substrate, first and second electrodes disposed on the insulating substrate, and first and second nanowires vertically grown on the first and second electrodes, respectively. If a certain voltage difference is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, a positive charge and a negative charge are accumulated on the first nanowire and the second nanowire, respectively. Thus, an electrostatic force, that is, an attractive force, may be induced between the first nanowire and the second nanowire, and the first nanowire and the second nanowire are elastically deformed so that ends of the first nanowire and the second nanowire can contact each other and current can be conducted through the first nanowire and the second nanowire. Therefore, the nanowire switching device is switched on.
In order to induce elastic deformation of nanowires in a switching device having the above 2-electrode structure, however, a high driving voltage of about 25 V to 50 V between the first and second electrodes is required. When a driving voltage is high, a large current flows through nanowires. There is a problem that arching and burning phenomena may occur in a portion in which the nanowires contact each other. These phenomena deleteriously cause switching characteristics a switching device to be deteriorated and the life span of the switching device to be reduced.

Nanowire electromechanical switching device, method of manufacturing the same and electromechanical memory device using the nanowire electromechanical switching device


A massage device provides a gentle massage and myofascial release. The massage device comprises a first roller set and a second roller set that are configured so that the first roller set makes a first contact that displaces the tissue being massaged and, prior to the tissue returning to its natural state, the second roller makes a second contact with the tissue being massaged, thus providing a deeper, extended massage to the tissue. Also disclosed is an ergonomic handle for a massage device that also functions as a trigger point release tool.

Massage is an ancient art that is practiced in most cultures around the world. The earliest evidence of the practice dates back to at least 2300 BC. Equine massage was documented in ancient Greece, where horses were massaged prior to battle and during Olympic games as a way to improve their performance. Canine massage is also very old. Julius Caesar was known to have travelled with a personal massage therapist who also massaged his war dogs.
Over the last number of decades, massage has gained widespread acceptance as a therapeutic treatment. This is particularly true in the sports world where terms such as Sports Massage and Equine Sports Massage Therapy have gained common usage. Sports massage is the application of therapeutic massage techniques to relieve sore muscles, reduce and relax muscle spasms and knots, prevent injuries, release endorphins, enhance proprioception, increase flexibility and range of motion, and improve athletic performance. This is in contrast to traditional massage, such as Swedish massage, which is best known for stress relief, relaxation and releasing cramped or tense muscles. There are numerous other massage styles that range from superficial relaxation techniques to deep tissue work. Some combine physical massage with energy massage and even spiritual aspects. Massage influences healing in the body and mind, relieves stress, and relaxes soft tissue. It's used for muscle rehabilitation, pain relief and injury prevention.
Massage involves the manipulation of soft tissue in the body. This tissue comprises muscle fibers, fascia, tendons and ligaments. Massage is generally performed with strokes of the hand. A gentle, sometimes circular stroking motion is used for its soothing, calming and relaxing effects. Kneading techniques are soothing and work to relieve muscle tension, knots, congestion and spasms. There are friction movements and tapotements (rhythmic percussion) performed at varying levels of pressure and speed to bring about soft tissue relaxation or stimulation depending on how they are applied. Massage professionals use their hands as well as tools to carry out the massage. This can be strenuous work if practiced for long periods of time, or when massaging animals such as horses or dogs. It's important to know how much force to use and to be able to accurately sense areas of tension through your hands so that you can work the tissue and gauge the correct amount of force to use.
Fascia, a connective tissue, is a tough, collagenous fiber that supplies strength and support to the entire body. It comprises a web in the body that is found everywhere from head to toe, connecting and interconnecting everything without interruption. Fascia must remain flexible and elastic in order to function. Injury, repetitive stress and dehydration can cause the fascia to become hardened. This can restrict its movement, which causes pain and decreases range of motion. A healthy fascia is able to slide freely over muscles and other soft tissue. Myofascial release is a technique that loosens the fascia and allows it to soften and once again slide freely. Myofascial release techniques generally involve light pressure, maximized hand contact and rhythmic motions that produce a pushing, stretching motion.
A trigger point is a contracted knot in a muscle caused by overuse, nervous stress, poor circulation and/or buildup of lactic acid. Trigger point pain is hypersensitive and can often refer pain and other sensations to other parts of the body. This results in increased muscle tension causing bracing, clenching, compensation and decreased flexibility. Techniques to alleviate trigger points include the application of pressure and friction to break down the knot. Friction is accomplished with massage movements that consist of rhythmic pressing and small, deep circular movements. Application of pressure is done with thumb, fingertips, elbows and/or trigger point release tools.
Acupressure is an ancient healing method that originates from traditional Chinese medicine. It is used to release endorphins, relieve muscle spasms, increase circulation and to enhance overall comfort and physical and emotional health. It was developed as a preventative form of treatment and originally used to maintain the health of livestock. Acupressure uses noninvasive and extremely gentle touch techniques to move and balance life force energy. There are hundreds of acupressure points along a dozen or more major meridians in the human, horse or dog body. During an acupressure treatment, pressure is applied to specific points, or meridians, to either increase or decrease energy as needed to balance the energy in the body.
For the issues addressed above, a forceful, deep approach to massage will not be effective. Instead, a gentle touch and the ability to elongate the tissue is required. Professional massage therapists are trained in the choice and use of various massage techniques. They learn massage routines, how to recognize specific issues, which techniques to use, and how to use them. This includes the type of massage stroke, the amount of pressure to apply and for how long. They learn when they can use increased pressure, and when to move away from an affected area and return to it at a later time. To become proficient as a massage therapist requires training, practice and understanding.
Many nonprofessionals would like to have the ability to massage their horses, dogs, friends and spouses. While most people can rub a muscle and provide some comfort, it is difficult for a nonprofessional to deal with the issues described above. For example, to effectively release fascia, specific strokes and pressures are required. If a trigger point is encountered, they may not know where and how to apply pressure for an effective treatment. Untrained people simply do not usually have the knowledge and skills required for effectiveness and safety.
An issue for both professionals and nonprofessionals is fatigue. Using one's hands for massage takes strength. While giving an effective massage, the hands, arms, shoulders, etc. tire and become fatigued. This is especially true when massaging a horse where not only can the individual muscles be extremely large, but when working on an animal of a thousand pounds plus, there is a great deal of tissue to massage. Even professionals who have developed excellent stamina will experience fatigue when massaging multiple horses.

Gentle massage and myofascial release device


The invention relates to an image-forming optical system which is compact and light in weight with well corrected aberrations, and is suitable for use on an image display device designed to form no intermediate image, and an optical system. This optical system comprises a prism member and a diffraction optical element that are mutually decentered. The prism member comprises at least three juxtaposed optical surfaces, at least one of which is constructed of a curved surface. Between the optical surfaces, at least two reflections occur. Spaces between the optical surfaces arc filled with a medium having a refractive index greater than 1.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to an optical system, and more particularly to compact image-forming and ocular optical systems having a wide angle of field as well as an improved resolving power.
2. Discussion of Related Art
In recent years, a helmet or goggle-type of head- or face-mounted image display devices have been developed for virtual reality purposes or with a view to allowing individuals to enjoy wide-screen views.
For instance, JP-A-2-297516 discloses an optical system made up of a 2D display device 21 for displaying images, an objective collimating lens 22 and a parallel transparent plate 23 having off-axis paraboloidal mirrors on both its ends, as shown in FIG. 21. Light rays leaving the 2D display device 21 for displaying images are converted by the objective collimating lens 22 into parallel rays, which are then subjected to first transmission through a parallel surface of the parallel transparent plate 23, reflection at the first paraboloidal mirror, some total reflections within the parallel transparent plate 23, reflection at the second paraboloidal mirror, and second transmission through the parallel surface of the parallel transparent plate 23 (8 reflections and 2 transmissions), whereby an intermediate image is formed on a point F for projection into an observer's eyeball 24.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,026,641 discloses an optical system wherein, as shown in FIG. 22, an object image displayed on an image display element 25 is converted by a transmission optical element 26 into a curved object image, which is in turn projected from a toric surface 27 into an observer's eyeball.
A problem associated with an image display device of the type wherein an image is relayed therefrom as shown in FIG. 21 is, however, that it needs not only an optical system but also a relay optical system, resulting in increases in the size and weight of the whole optical system as well as an increase in the amount of extension of the whole optical system from a head or face; it is not fit for a head- or face-mounted image display device.
The optical system for forming parallel rays as an intermediate image as well as the optical system for projecting an intermediate image into an eyeball produce some considerable aberrations because it is only the paraboloidal mirrors that has power.
The ocular optical system composed only of a concave mirror as shown in FIG. 22, too, produces some considerable aberrations and so is detrimental to image quality, even though the concave mirror is defined by a toric surface as shown in FIG. 22. To make correction for field curvature occurring at the ocular optical system, therefore, it is required to use the transmission optical element 26 such as a fiber plate. Even by use of the transmission optical system 26 and toric surface 27, however, it is impossible to make adequate correction for coma, and other aberrations.

Optical system and optical device comprising diffractive optical element


A method for synchronizing a receiver (1) with a transmitted code-modulated spread spectrum signal, uses at least one reference code (r(x)), which corresponds to a code used in the modulation, and determines the frequency shift of the transmitted signal and the code phase of the code used in the modulation. In the method, a correlation step is taken to form a correlation function matrix on the basis of the received signal and said reference code. A non-coherent search matrix is formed of said correlation function matrix. In the method, elements in said non-coherent search matrix are modified on the basis of at least one statistical property of the elements in said non-coherent search matrix, and/or high-pass filtering is performed before the formation of said correlation function matrix. The invention also relates to a system and a receiver in which the method is applied.

There are known systems based on the code division multiple access (CDMA). In such systems, the information to be transmitted is modulated with an individual code for each transmitter, a so-called pseudo random sequence. Thus, the same frequency can be used as the carrier frequency in different transmitters. As a result of the modulation, a code-modulated wideband signal is generated. This signal is received in the receiver, and an attempt is made to synchronize the receiver with it. The receiver knows the code used in the transmitter and uses it in the acquisition of the signal. This code can thus be used to distinguish between signals from different transmitters, even though the carrier frequencies were substantially the same. In the acquisition, a correlation technique is normally used to correlate the received signal with a code corresponding to the code used by the transmitter and generated in the receiver. The correlation result is examined to find the timing and/or frequency of the incoming signal corresponding to maximum correlation, i.e. the best alignment. However, interference may distort the correlation result or cause false maximum points, wherein the acquisition is not necessarily successful. For this, solutions have been developed to find the correct timing and frequency e.g. by prolonging the correlation time. However, particularly with weak signals, such as when signals transmitted by satellites are received indoors, acquisition by a conventional receiver would require several hours or even days, which, in practical situations, would make it even impossible to use such receivers indoors.
One known system applying the CDMA technology is the Global Positioning System (GPS) comprising several satellites orbiting the earth. Each operating satellite of the GPS system transmits a so-called L1 signal at the carrier frequency of 1575.42 MHz. This frequency is also indicated with 154f0, where f0=10.23 MHz. Furthermore, the satellites transmit another ranging signal at a carrier frequency of 1227.6 MHz called L2, i.e. 120f0. In the satellite, these signals are modulated with at least one pseudo sequence. This pseudo random sequence is different for each satellite. In each satellite, for modulating the L1 signal, the pseudo random sequence used is e.g. a so-called C/A code (Coarse/Acquisition code), which is a code from the family of the Gold codes. Each GPS satellite transmits a signal by using an individual C/A code. The codes are formed as a modulo-2 sum of two 1023-bit binary sequences. The first binary sequence G1 is formed with the polynomial X10+X3+1, and the second binary sequence G2 is formed by delaying the polynomial X10+X9+X8+X6+X3+X2+1 in such a way that the delay is different for each satellite. This arrangement makes it possible to generate different C/A codes by using identical code generators. The C/A codes are thus binary codes whose chipping rate in the GPS system is 1.023 Mchips/s. The C/A code comprises 1023 chips, wherein the repetition interval (epoch) of the code is 1 ms. The carrier of the L1 signal is further modulated by navigation information at a bit rate of 50 bit/s. The navigation information comprises information about the "health", orbit, time data of the satellite, etc. In the GPS system, the codes used in the modulation of the L1 signal are not particularly efficient in view of eliminating the above-presented narrow-band interference. Thus, the cross-correlation caused by a strong spurious signal in the weaker signal to be received may prevent the receiver from acquiring this signal to be received.
The receiver must perform the acquisition e.g. when the receiver is turned on and also in a situation in which the receiver has not been capable of receiving the signal of any satellite for a long time. Such a situation may easily occur e.g. in portable devices, because the device is moving and the antenna of the device is not always in an optimal position in relation to the satellites, which impairs the strength of the signal coming in the receiver. Also, in urban areas, buildings affect the signal to be received, and furthermore, so-called multipath propagation may occur, wherein the transmitted signal comes into the receiver along different paths, e.g. directly from the satellite (line-of-sight) and also reflected from buildings. Due to this multipath propagation, the same signal is received as several signals with different phases.
The above-mentioned acquisition and frequency control process must be iterated for each signal of a satellite received in the receiver. Consequently, this process takes a lot of time, particularly in a situation, in which the signals to be received are weak. To speed up this process, some prior art receivers use several correlators, wherein it is possible to search for several correlation peaks simultaneously. In practical solutions, the process of acquisition and frequency control cannot be accelerated very much solely by increasing the number of correlators, because the number of correlators cannot be increased infinitely.
In some prior art GPS receivers, FFT technique has been used in connection with conventional correlators to determine the Doppler shift of the received GPS signal. These receivers use the correlation to restrict the bandwidth of the received signal to 1 kHz. This narrow-band signal is analyzed with FFT algorithms to determine the carrier frequency.

Method for synchronizing a receiver, a system, and an electronic device


Systems and methods for signalling transitions between talk-spurt state and silence state for wireless terminals having semi-persistently allocated uplink resources are employed. A layer ½ indication of the state transitions may be transmitted using a resource that is specifically allocated for that purpose. Alternatively, ACK/NACK signalling may be employed. Layer 1 indications may be employed for both state transition types. Alternatively, in-band MAC layer signalling may be used to signal state transition from talk-spurt state to silence, or the network may deduce this state transition on its own. A different uplink wireless transition resource is allocated for the talk-spurt state vs. the silence state.

Semi-persistent scheduling has been considered for Voice over IP in the 3 GPP Long Term Evolution. With semi-persistent scheduling, after an initial resource assignment, the same resource is used on an ongoing basis for a given wireless terminal. Between periods of active speech, so-called talk-spurt states, there is a silent period. A concern that has been expressed is how to efficiently handle the silent period between speech talk-spurts while using semi-persistent scheduling. In persistent scheduling, a resource is pre-allocated for a wireless terminal. During a silent period, if no indication that the resource will not be used by the wireless terminal is signalled, the resource will not be available to be reallocated for use by another wireless terminal, since the assumption must be made that the resource is needed. For very simple persistent scheduling without any enhancements, this means that considerable uplink capacity is lost.
For semi-persistent scheduling, in order to free up the resource during periods of silence state, the resource needs to be re-configured between periods of activity (talk-spurt state periods) and periods of silence state (silence state period) and vice versa. During the silent period, Silence Descriptor (SID) frames may be transmitted, for example to satisfy application layer constraints.
State transition includes the following two cases: transition from talk-spurt state to silence state and the transition from silence state to talk-spurt state. Note that the state transitions are a periodic in the time domain. In one simple way to implement these transitions, whenever a silence state period is detected by the wireless terminal, the wireless terminal sends resource-release signalling to the network to free the pre-allocated resource through the random access channel (RACH) and whenever a talk-spurt is coming, the user will send an explicit request through the existing RACH resource request mechanism for the re-establishment of the semi-persistent resource for transmission of the talk-spurt state. Further, for the SID transmission during silence state, an explicit request is used to ask for the resource, again through the existing RACH resource request mechanism.

Uplink scheduling and resource allocation with fast indication


A nozzle for an injection molding apparatus is provided. The injection molding apparatus includes a manifold and a mold component. The manifold has at least one runner therein that is downstream from a melt source. The mold component defines at least one mold cavity and defining a gate into each mold cavity. The gate defines an axis. The mold component has a mold component alignment surface thereon. The nozzle includes a nozzle body, a tip, a tip surrounding piece and an alignment piece. The nozzle body defines a nozzle body melt passage, which is adapted to be in fluid communication and downstream from the at least one runner. The tip is removably connected to the nozzle body. The tip defines a tip melt passage therethrough. The tip melt passage is downstream from and in fluid communication with the nozzle body melt passage, and is upstream from and in fluid communication with the gate. The tip surrounding piece is removably connected with respect to the nozzle body. The alignment piece is positioned between the tip and the tip surrounding piece. The tip contacts the alignment piece to align the tip with respect to the alignment piece. The alignment piece contacts the tip surrounding piece to align the alignment piece with respect to the tip surrounding piece. The tip surrounding piece is adapted to contact the mold component to align the tip surrounding piece with respect to the gate, so that the tip is aligned with respect to the gate. The contact between the tip, the alignment piece, the tip surrounding piece and the mold component is adapted to be axially proximate the gate.

In a hot runner injection molding apparatus, melt is transferred from a melt source through a system of runners, through a nozzle and into a mold cavity through a gate. When the mold cavity is opened for the ejection of the molded part, it is important to prevent leakage of hot melt from the nozzle through the gate.
A valve pin is commonly used to seal the gate into the mold cavity prior to opening the mold cavity. The valve pin is positioned in the nozzle, and is movable into and out of the gate to control the flow of melt therethrough.
Proper alignment of the valve pin with respect to the gate can impact on the longevity of both the valve pin and the gate, and the effectiveness of the seal obtained by the valve pin and the gate. To this end, some nozzles include some form of alignment means to align the valve pin prior to its entry into the gate. However, in order for the nozzle's alignment means to be effective, the nozzle itself must be positioned in alignment with respect to the gate. Several factors generally cause the nozzle to be misaligned with respect to the gate. One such factor is a build-up of error due to tolerances in the manufacturing of the mold plate in which the gates are positioned, the manifold plate to which the nozzles are attached, and the nozzles themselves. Another factor is that the mold plate and the manifold plate may undergo different rates of thermal expansion during the injection molding process, and the nozzles may be moved out of alignment with respect to the gates as a result.
The adjustment of the positioning of the nozzles on an injection molding apparatus is typically carried out on each nozzle individually, by re-machining each of the nozzle components until a satisfactory alignment is obtained. This can be a time-consuming process.
Furthermore, other problems exist with the alignment of the valve pin. For example, during use, melt typically surrounds the valve pin, and also surrounds the downstream end of the nozzle itself in some injection molding machines. If the melt does not exert pressure evenly on the valve pin or on the nozzle, the valve pin and/or the nozzle can be moved out of alignment because of the melt pressure.
Some nozzles do not incorporate a valve pin. For example, some nozzles include a 'torpedo' which is a tip that is generally conical at its downstream end and extends into the gate, to control the heating of the melt as close as possible to the entry of the melt into the mold cavity.
If the torpedo is even slightly misaligned, the flow into the mold cavity can become non-uniform and can cause several problems with the quality of the molded part. Injection molding apparatuses having nozzles with torpedoes suffer from similar problems to valve gated machines, in terms of misalignment and consequent re-machining of components.
A second issue exists with hot runner nozzles, and that is the need to control the temperature of melt in the nozzle. Temperature control of the melt is even more important towards the outlet of the nozzle.

Hot runner nozzle with a tip, a tip surrounding piece and an alignment piece


This invention is embodied in an improved process for growing high-quality silicon dioxide layers on silicon by subjecting it to a gaseous mixture of nitrous oxide (N2O) and ozone (O3). The presence of O3 in the oxidizing ambiance greatly enhances the oxidation rate compared to an ambiance in which N2O is the only oxidizing agent. In addition to enhancing the oxidation rate of silicon, it is hypothesized that the presence of O3 interferes with the growth of a thin silicon oxynitride layer near the interface of the silicon dioxide layer and the unreacted silicon surface which makes oxidation in the presence of N2O alone virtually self-limiting. The presence of O3 in the oxidizing ambiance does not impair oxide reliability, as is the case when silicon is oxidized with N2O in the presence of a strong, fluorine-containing oxidizing agent such as NF3 or SF6.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to integrated circuit manufacturing technology and, more specifically, to processes for growing insulative layers by consumption of an underlying layer.
2. State of the Art
In the manufacturing of integrated circuits, the growth of high-quality insulative layers for device isolation, transistor gate dielectrics and capacitor dielectrics is of fundamental importance. As device dimensions are scaled down, thinner dielectric layers are required to maintain capacitor and transistor performance at acceptable levels. When silicon dioxide layers, which have been grown by conventional wet or dry thermal oxidation processes, are thinned, device reliability typically suffers. It is generally believed that the quality of silicon dioxide layers is inversely proportional to the number of interface states (i.e., dangling silicon bonds) present per unit volume. In other words, quality and long-term reliability of a silicon dioxide layer will increase as the number of dangling silicon bonds is reduced.
Oxidation of silicon in an ambient-containing nitrous oxide (N2O) has been reported as a means for improving the quality of silicon dioxide dielectric layers. A lower number of interface states, greater reliability, improved hot carrier immunity and improved diffusion barrier characteristics have been reported for silicon dioxide layers grown in this manner as compared to those grown via conventional dry or wet oxidation processes. The increased reliability of such dielectric layers may be due in part to the incorporation of nitrogen atoms into the silicon dioxide matrix. The bonds between silicon atoms and nitrogen atoms are considerably stronger than those between silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. Thus, the presence of nitrogen atoms in the matrix apparently fortifies the dielectric layer against voltage-induced degradation. However, the process of oxidizing silicon in nitrous oxide tends to be self-limiting because the silicon dioxide layer which forms has a high nitrogen content. In fact, the layer may be better identified as silicon oxynitride. Once a thin layer of silicon oxynitride has formed on the surface, the diffusion of oxidant species to the underlying silicon is greatly hampered. Thus, only very thin dielectric layers are readily grown using this process.
Although the addition of small amounts of a strong oxidizer such as SF6 or NF3 to a nitrous oxide ambiance has been demonstrated to increase the oxidation rate by as much as one order of magnitude, the inclusion of fluorine in a silicon dioxide layer has been shown to have an adverse impact on device reliability.
What is needed is an improved process for oxidizing silicon which utilizes nitrous oxide as the primary oxidant species, and which does not rely on fluorine-containing additives to overcome the self-limiting nature of the reaction. Such a process might produce silicon dioxide layers having both a low number of interface states and a sufficient thickness for use as transistor gate dielectrics.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Process for growing a dielectric layer on a silicon-containing surface using a mixture of N


The semiconductor device includes a substrate, a bottom electrode, a capacitor dielectric layer, a top electrode, an etching stop layer, a first anti-reflective coating layer and a capping layer. The bottom electrode is on the substrate. The capacitor dielectric layer is on the bottom electrode. The capacitor dielectric layer has a first region and a second region adjacent to the first region. The top electrode is on the first region of the capacitor dielectric layer. The etching stop layer is on the top electrode. The first anti-reflective coating layer is on the etching stop layer, in which the first anti-reflective coating layer, the etching stop layer and the top electrode together have a sidewall. The capping layer overlies the sidewall, the etching stop layer, the second region of the capacitor dielectric layer, in which the capping layer is formed from oxide or nitride.

Capacitors are elements that are used extensively in semiconductor devices for storing an electrical charge. The capacitors are used in filters, analog-to-digital converters, memory devices, control applications, and many other types of semiconductor devices. One type of the capacitors is a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor, which is frequently used in mixed signal devices and logic devices, as examples. MIM capacitors are used to store a charge in a variety of semiconductor devices. The MIM capacitors are often used as a storage node in a memory device, for example. A MIM capacitor is typically formed horizontally on a semiconductor wafer, with two metal plates sandwiching a dielectric layer parallel to a surface of the semiconductor wafer.
In general, contact plugs are respectively electrically connected to the two metal plates, but the contact plugs are electrically isolated from each other. In order to form the contact plugs, one of the two metal plates is partially etched and refilled with dielectric material. Then, the contact plugs pass through the dielectric material and are electrically connected to the two metal plates respectively. However, when the metal plate is partially etched, impurities are produced and are residual on a sidewall of the remaining portion of the metal plate. The impurities result in an electron path with a low resistance for electrons when the MIM capacitor is charged, and thus induce a leakage current of the MIM capacitor.

MIM capacitors for leakage current improvement

TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING CO., LTD.


The present invention provides a cylindrical secondary electrode including a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, a separator interposed between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate, and a case having a space for receiving the electrode assembly, wherein the cylindrical secondary electrode may include a core element having a space at the center thereof and having a tubular shape with a circular cross section, which is inserted into a space at the center of an electrode assembly and has at least one slit including a bent portion.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a cylindrical secondary battery, more particularly, to a cylindrical secondary battery to ensure safety when pressure is applied to the battery by an external impact.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, a cylindrical lithium ion secondary electrode includes an electrode assembly that is wound in an approximately cylindrical shape, a cylindrically-shaped can coupled to the electrode assembly, an electrolyte injected into an inner side of the can to transport the lithium ions, and a cap assembly coupled to one side of the can to prevent leakage of the electrolyte and disengagement of the electrode assembly.
Since such cylindrical lithium ion secondary electrodes generally have a capacity of 2000˜2400 mA, they are mainly used for notebook computers, digital cameras and camcorders, and the like, which need high-capacity power.
In one example, one such cylindrical lithium ion secondary electrode is connected in serial-parallel because the electrode requires many cells and is assembled in a hard pack of predetermined shape to be coupled to an electronic device to be used as a power supply.
The cylindrical secondary electrode includes a positive electrode plate coated with a positive active material, a negative electrode plate coated with a negative active material, an electrode assembly disposed between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate having a separator wound in an approximately cylindrical shape for transporting lithium ions (Li-ion), a cylindrical case for receiving the electrode assembly, and an electrolyte injected into the cylindrical case for transporting lithium ions.
Generally, in such cylindrical secondary electrodes, a space exists in a center portion of the electrode assembly.
A problem associated with said space is that it provides for annealing and deformation of the electrode assembly.
Therefore, an attempt to solve this problem has been made by combining a tubular core element having a cut-off groove approximately formed along a longitudinal direction with the center space of the electrode assembly.
However, pressure may be applied to the core element by an external impact, for example, by dropping the cylindrical secondary electrode.
When the core element is subject to deformation by compression under pressure, a tip end of the cut portion stabs the electrode assembly.
In particular, when the core element is deformed or damaged, the separator of the electrode assembly is damaged. Puncture of the separator causes a short between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. Therefore, there are fatal problems in that the cylindrical secondary electrode may be destroyed or may explode.
As result, it has a serious influence on the lithium battery.


A guide wire of the present disclosure includes a core shaft having a distal end portion decreasing in diameter, a coil body wound to cover the distal end portion, and a distal end fixing portion fixing the core shaft and the coil body to each other. The distal end portion includes a small diameter portion, a large diameter portion, and a tapered portion between the small diameter portion and the large diameter portion. The core shaft and the coil body are fixed at a portion excluding the tapered portion. A first bending rigidity FR1 of the large diameter portion, a second bending rigidity FR2 of the small diameter portion, and a length L of the tapered portion satisfy the following expressions (1) and (2). In the following expressions (1) and (2), the unit of L is mm (millimeter).

For example, when treating an occlusion site (for example, chronic total occlusion: CTO) in a blood vessel caused by the progress of calcification, a guide wire for guiding a treatment instrument such as a balloon catheter is inserted prior to the treatment instrument.
As such a guide wire to be inserted into a blood vessel or the like, there has been proposed a guide wire in which the distal end portion of a core shaft serving as a shaft is stepwisely reduced in diameter so that the distal end can be flexibly bent in accordance with the shape of the inside of the blood vessel, according to WO 2015/080948.
In this technique, the distal end portion is stepwisely reduced in diameter, resulting in one or more inflection points. When the distal side of the inflection point is bent, a loop of the guide wire can be formed.


The improved system is used for mounting a panel such as a sheet of dry wall or a plywood panel in a wall-like display structure of the type supporting wall panels having exposed exterior surfaces. The system includes a pair of studs such as sheet metal studs. Each stud has a flange surface (the narrow-edge surface of the stud) which is substantially coplanar with the flange surface of the other stud. A pair of upright members is interposed between the studs and each upright member includes a lip extending generally parallel to a stud flange surface. Several spring clips are attached to each lip and each clip includes an opening receiving a panel edge. Panels are thereby retained by the clips on the upright members.

Department and other types of retail stores frequently display products on perimeter or interior walls specially configured for the purpose. Such products may be hung from hooks or brackets or displayed upon shelves which, themselves, are supported by brackets projecting from the wall. Often, such speciallyconfigured walls are provided and installed by contractors or by contracting manufacturers on a bid basis.
Special walls constructed for the particular purpose of product display are said (in the vernacular of the industry) to include "wall standards," "key stripping" or "in-line standards." As used in the industry (and as used herein) the term "standard" is a noun referring to a vertically-oriented, relatively long, narrow strip, usually metal, which has spaced elongate slots along its length. Ends of support hooks or brackets are inserted into such slots to hold products or shelves. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,848,364 (Costruba); 3,193,885 (Gartner et al.); 3,305,981 (Biggs et al.); 4,588,156 (Doke et al.); 4,535,525 (Varon et al.); 4,688,750 (Teague et al.); 2,040,385 (Kellogg); 4,918,879 (Bodurow et al.); 3,859,765 (Nelsson) all show types of wall systems used to mount wall standards.
Sometimes the wall is constructed so that the standard is concealed except to close inspection; in other wall arrangements, the standard is surface mounted. The former type is most often used commercially; the latter type is often used in private residences to make book shelves and the like. With surface mounted standards, the slotted standard is merely an "add-on" to an existing conventional wall. Of course, a benefit of wall standards is that hooks and brackets can be placed at any of a number of locations along the standard--and can just as easily be re-located as displays of products are modified to meet changing marketing needs.
Design, manufacture and installation of existing wall standard mounting systems, especially those used commercially in department stores and the like, are impeded in certain ways. One impediment is that some known systems require an existing wall for system mounting. To put it another way, such wall display systems must be installed according to the dictates of the existing building rather than in locations most effective from a display standpoint.
Another obstacle is that, characteristically, known wall standard systems are very labor intensive and require a good deal of on-site "cut and fit" by skilled, well-compensated persons. To state it differently, such systems do not lend themselves well to partial, more rapid wall fabrication at a remote manufacturing site where proper tools, jigs and the like are available.
Still another disadvantage of some known wall standard systems is that even though the fabricated wall system is substantially entirely made at a remote factory site, there is still a good deal of labor that must be expended on site to finish the task. Earlier workers in this field have not appreciated how a wall system can be configured to simply "clip-mount" wall panels without resorting to screws or other similar fasteners for that purpose.
The inventive system, summarized and described in detail below, resolves many of these disadvantages in a unique way.


A hinge system for mounting a door to an appliance has an upper hinge bracket having an upper hinge swing element configured to engage a door upper swing element fixed to the door, the engagement of the upper hinge swing element and the door upper swing element allowing the door to swing about a vertical axis between an open position and a closed position, and an upper hinge pivot limiting element configured to engage a frame pivot limiting element fixed to the appliance; a lower hinge bracket having a lower hinge swing element configured to engage a door lower swing element, and a system pivot element configured to engage a frame pivot element such that the upper hinge bracket, the lower hinge bracket, and the door are pivotable about a horizontal axis as a unit relative to the appliance while still being attached to the appliance.

Some domestic appliances, such as built in ovens, have one or more doors that each swing sideways about a vertical axis. Particular side swing doors have hinges that permit the door to swing about the vertical axis between a closed position and an open position. In some of these built-in ovens, a control panel is positioned above the door in close proximity to the top of the door. Such an arrangement can make it difficult or impossible to remove a door from the oven without removing the oven from the cabinet into which it is built. In the built-in arrangement, it is often not possible to access the hinges to remove the hinge pins. As a result, the entire oven usually needs to be at least partially removed from the cabinet to provide access to the hinge pins. Removing the oven, even partially, from the cabinet can be difficult and dangerous due to the large size and weight of some ovens.
As a solution to the above problem, embodiments of the invention provide a hinge system that allows the side swing door of an appliance to be removed from the appliance without removing the appliance from the cabinet.


A lightweight stroller 10 is provided. The stroller 10 includes front legs 12, rear legs 14, a seat support frame 70 connected to the front legs 12, a backrest support frame 34 connected to the seat support frame 70, a headrest plate 52 connected to an upper part of the backrest support frame, and a pair of side plates 50 disposed on the opposite sides, respectively, of the backrest support frame 34. A base sheet can be stably hold by the backrest support frame 34, the headrest plate 52 and the side plates 50 without increasing the length of connecting rods.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a stroller and more particularly to a lightweight stroller.
The present invention relates to a foldable stroller and, more particularly, to a stroller including components wherein the continued ratio of the distances between the axes of the components is adjusted so that the stroller is formed in a small lightweight structure and excellent in operability, running stability, safety and ride comfort.
2. Description of the Related Art
A known stroller for carrying a baby when a person goes out with the baby for a walk or shopping is foldable when necessary to facilitate storing or carrying the stroller.
FIG. 13 is a partly cutaway perspective view of a stroller having a body structure provided with a base sheet. The body structure of the stroller includes right and left front legs 12 respectively holding front wheels 11, right and left rear legs 14 respectively holding rear wheels 13, a substantially U-shaped handle 15, right and left armrests 16, and right and left connecting rods 17, such as pipes orb the like, extended parallel to each other. End parts of the armrests 16 are pivotally joined to the connecting rods 17, respectively.
Upper end parts of the front legs 12 are pivotally joined to front end parts of the armrests 16, respectively. A curved, bendable guard arm 18 is extended between and detachably attached to the front ends of the armrests 16. Upper end parts of the right and left rear legs 14 are pivotally joined to middle parts of the armrests 16, respectively. Each of brackets 19 having the shape of an inverted letter V has one end pivotally joined to a middle part of the rear leg 14 and a middle part to which a lower end part of the connecting rod 17 is pivotally joined.
A locking part is formed on the other end of each bracket 19. A locking member 20 is mounted on the connecting rod 17. The locking member 20 is slidable along the connecting rod 17. The locking member 20 is engaged with the locking part of the bracket 19 so as to keep the stroller in an unfolded state.
A front stay 22 is provided with a footrest 21 and has opposite ends respectively connected to the right and left front legs 12. A rear stay 23 has opposite ends respectively connected to the right and left rear legs 14. Each of side members 24 has a front end part pivotally joined to a middle part of the front leg 12 and a rear end part pivotally joined to the lower end part of the connecting rod 17 together with both the bracket 19 and a lower end part of the handle 15. A transversely extended upper stay 25 has opposite end parts connected to middle parts of the side members 24, respectively.
The stroller can be maintained in an unfolded state for use by engaging the locking members 20 mounted on the connecting rods 17 with the locking parts of the brackets 19. The locking members 20 can be disengaged from the locking parts of the brackets 19 by operating an operating device 26 mounted on the handle 15. After the locking members 20 have been disengaged from the locking parts of the brackets 19, the stroller can be folded by turning the connecting rods 17 relative to the brackets 19. When the stroller is thus folded in a doubly fold state, the front legs 12 and the rear legs 14 are substantially parallel to each other. The longitudinal dimension of the stroller is reduced by folding the stroller. The stroller in the folded state is suitable for carrying and storage.
The base sheet 27 having a seat plate part 27a and a backrest part 27b is mounted on the body structure of the stroller. The seat plate part 27a of the base sheet 27 is mounted on the upper stay 25. The backrest part 27b has right and left side parts attached to upper parts of the connecting rods 17 extending upward from the joints of the connecting rods 17 and the armrests 16, respectively. When necessary, a baby seat fabricated by sewing, not shown, is mounted on the base sheet 27. A baby is laid in a sitting position or lying position on the baby seat when the stroller is moved.
By the way, the stroller needs to be lifted up, for example, when the person using the stroller goes up stairs. Therefore, weight reduction is one of important problems in designing the stroller.
However, in this known stroller, the side parts of the backrest part 27b of the base sheet 27 are supported on the connecting rods 17 in a hammock manner as mentioned above. As shown in FIG. 13, the right and left side parts of the backrest part 27b are attached to the upper parts of the connecting rods 17 extending upward from the joints of the connecting rods 17 and the armrests 16, respectively. Therefore, the connecting rods 17 are inevitably long and increase the weight of the stroller.
The seat plate part 27a and the backrest part 27b of the base sheet 27 need to be rigid. Therefore, the seat plate part 27a and the backrest part 27b, which are sewn articles, need to be reinforced by core plates, respectively. Therefore, the enhancement of the rigidity of the seat plate part 27a and the backrest part 27b entails increase in weight. A sheet formed by sewing needs to be a bag in order to insert a core plate in the sheet.
The stroller needs to be capable of stably running (running stability), of being easily operated (operability), of safely carrying a baby (safety) and of giving comfortableness (ride comfort) in addition to being small and lightweight. Most strollers in use in those days are unfoldable in an adequate state for carrying a baby and foldable in an adequate state for storage. The stroller is desired to be easily foldable in a small size (facility for folding).
The component members of the foldable stroller are pivotally joined in order to make the stroller foldable. Therefore, the continued ratio of the distances between the turning axes of the component members is determined to insure a folding operation. The foldable construction of the stroller places restrictions on the advance of the miniaturization, operability, running stability, safety and ride comfort of the stroller.


An inspection method for a semiconductor light-emitting device includes an image capturing step for capturing an image of photoluminescence released from the active layer, an inspection region extracting step for extracting an inspection region from the captured image; a luminance average determination step for, determining the semiconductor light emitting device as defective when a luminance average is smaller than a predetermined threshold, a luminance variance determination step for determining the semiconductor light emitting device as defective when a luminance variance is larger than a predetermined threshold, a color determination step for determining the semiconductor light-emitting device as defective when a pixel in which a color component indicating a photoluminescence intensity of light released from the active layer and having a wavelength shorter than the original emitting wavelength, and a total determination step for totally determining the semiconductor light-emitting device as defective when determined in at least one of these determination results within the inspection region.

Generally, LED (Light-Emitting Diode), which is semiconductor light-emitting device, is manufactured by stacking semiconductor layers of mutually different conductive types on a growth substrate to sandwich an active layer therebetween and further by forming electrodes on the semiconductor layers of the individual conductive types. Manufactured semiconductor light-emitting devices are subjected to inspections for light emitting performance and the like so that acceptable devices are selected.
As inspections for light emitting performance of semiconductor light-emitting devices in their wafer state, there have conventionally been performed appearance inspections for inspecting the presence of flaws or the like under visible light, and light emitting inspections in which light emitting is performed by providing electric currents between positive and negative pad electrodes with use of a prober. In the light emitting inspection with a prober, since the needle (probe) of the prober needs to be put into contact with the electrodes of individual semiconductor light-emitting devices, there have been involved a quite long time for inspections and a fear of flaws on the semiconductor light-emitting devices due to the contact of the probe. Moreover, with small-sized semiconductor light-emitting devices, because their pad electrodes are also small in size, there has been difficulty in properly contacting of the probe with the devices.
Therefore, as a method of inspection for light emitting performance without providing electric currents through the semiconductor light-emitting devices, there has been proposed a method that the active layer of semiconductor light-emitting devices is excited with light irradiation and photoluminescence released from the excited active layer is observed.
For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2009-128366 describes a light-emitting device inspection method including the steps of irradiating a semiconductor light-emitting device with ultraviolet light, capturing a light emitting image generated by photoluminescence effects in the active layer and the n-type semiconductor layer with use of a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera and, based on the hue or photoluminescence intensity information therefrom, determining quality of the semiconductor light-emitting device. In this inspection method, the quality is determined by taking advantage of the fact that when the emitting amount of blue light obtained by the photoluminescence effect from the active layer is small due to manufacturing defects or the like, the hue of emitted light observed as a color mixture with yellow light obtained by the photoluminescence effect from the n-type semiconductor layer differs from that of acceptable devices or the photoluminescence intensity as a whole is lower than that of acceptable devices.

Method of inspecting semiconductor light-emitting device and method for manufacturing semiconductor light-emitting device


The operation of an engine or other assembly is monitored by detecting the sound it makes and deriving from this, in conjunction with its speed, temperature and control settings, a multi-dimension condition vector. The vector changes during operation of the engine and is supplied to a processor which continuously builds a model of the engine at different stages of operation such as by a sequence-learning neural net or by hidden markov model when an atypical condition vector is received, the processor generates an alert signal to a display.

The invention is more particularly concerned with methods and apparatus for monitoring the condition of assemblies such as a gas-turbine engine in an aircraft.
It is known to monitor the vibration produced by engines and bearings and to detect when certain frequencies of the vibration exceed a predetermined level so as to establish when wear or damage has been produced. This can be a useful technique but is only capable of detecting significant amounts of wear or damage. This is because the vibration spectrum produced by the engine or bearing varies normally according to its operational condition such as speed, temperature, loading and so on. The amplitude above which one frequency of vibration will trigger a wear or damage signal must be sufficiently high that it is not triggered at the maximum amplitude experienced in normal use. This makes the apparatus relatively insensitive to incipient damage. Furthermore, although previous systems relying on the detection of spectral peaks can be used to identify known faults which cause spectral peaks at predictable frequencies, they are not capable of responding to more subtle spectral variations, such as distortion not involving sharp peaks, or unusual combinations of peaks, or unusual sequences. The response of previous systems is therefore severely limited as far as incipient or hitherto unknown fault conditions are concerned.

Smiths Industries Public Limited Company


A method and system for a graphical hardware description and testing interface is provided for use in conjunction with a data processing system. A polling system is provided for determining the configuration of the data processing system, including identification of the components. A graphic display is coupled to the polling system and utilized to display a graphic depiction of the data processing system, including any components. This graphic depiction is displayed in response to a determination of the configuration of the data processing system. The graphical hardware description and testing interface also includes a testing program for selectively testing a particular component to determine whether the component is defective. Also included is a display control circuit coupled to the graphic display. This display control circuit is utilized to selectively alter the graphic depiction of the data processing system, including any components, in response to the testing of the component.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to a method and apparatus for identifying defective components in a data processing system, and, in particular, to a method and apparatus for graphically depicting and testing components in a data processing system. Still more particularly, the present invention provides a graphic user interface which may be utilized in graphically depicting and testing components in a data processing system.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Diagnostics Control Programs ("DCP") are known and are normally utilized to manage the user interface with respect to hardware tests in a data processing system. When this DCP is administering tests, all communications between the tests and the user are accomplished with text-based messages. Such text-based messages give no indication of the location of the component currently being tested. When a component is found to be defective, and the DCP is operating in an advanced mode, the error message displayed may be cryptic and somewhat confusing concerning the component's location within the system. As a result, an incorrect and/or non-failing component may be replaced by a technician.
Therefore it would be desirable to have a method and apparatus for graphically depicting and testing components in a data processing system.

Graphical system descriptor method and system

International Business Machines Corporation


A shielded connector (1) comprises at least a metal housing (10) configured by first, second, third and fourth sidewalls (100, 101, 102, 103) defining a receiving space (104) therebetween, and first and second terminal insert securely attached to the first and third wall of the metal housing. Each terminal insert includes a plurality of terminals (30) molded with an insulating material, each terminal including at least a retaining section (300) which is covered by the insulating material, and defining a plane extending therethrough, and a contact section (304) with a base portion (308) extending from the retaining section, wherein the base portion is away from the plane defined by the retaining section. And each terminal further includes enlarged portion (306), which connected the retaining section and the contact section, and being out of the insulating material so as to effectively reduce the deflection during mating with an inserted element.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a shielded connector, and more particularly to an electronic module connector for interconnecting an electronic module such as a camera module for use with a cellular phone or the like to an electrical member such as a printed circuit board. The connector includes a terminal featured with an enlarged retaining portion thereby effectively reducing deflection during mating with an inserted element.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, electronic modules such as a camera module for use with a cellular phone are securely maintained in electrical connection with an electronic member such as a printed circuit board. Therefore, an electrical connector for the camera module, formed in a shape that allows for secure insertion of the camera module, is pre-installed on the printed circuit board. Then, the camera module is inserted into the electrical connector to electrically engage therewith. Consequently, the camera module is electrically connected with the printed circuit board via the shielded connector.
For example, known as an example of the aforementioned conventional technique is a camera module connector which is described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006-0216996. This connector comprises a metal shell defining a receiving space and mounted onto the printed circuit board, a pair of insulating housings attached to the two opposite sidewalls of the metal shell, a plurality of terminals attached to the insulating housings, and a pair of shielding shells covering on the insulating housings, respectively. Each terminal comprises a retaining section, a soldering section, and a contact section. The retaining section is partly insert-molded with the insulating housing and extends uprightly. The soldering section extends upwardly and outwardly from an end of the retaining section so as to connect to the printed circuit board. The contact section extends downwardly and slantly from the other end of the retaining section toward to the receiving space. When the camera module is inserted into the receiving space from above, the pads formed on the bottom face thereof are bought into the contact section of the terminals, and the terminals are pushed toward the sidewall of the metal shell because of the pressure of the camera module. Therefore, the camera module is electrically connected with the printed circuit board via the terminals of the electrical connector.
However, all of the terminals and metal shell are made of metal, when the terminals are pushed toward the sidewall of the metal shell in the action of the pressure of the camera module, it is possible that the retaining section, which is out of the insulating housing, connected to the sidewall of the metal shell, if the deflection is excess. Consequently, a short circuit is formed in said circuit.
Thus, there is a need to provide an improved shielded connector that overcomes the above-mentioned problems.

Shielded connector for reducing the deflection of the terminal


The present invention provides systems and methods for enabling encrypted communication capabilities for a Subscriber's Web Site, thereby allowing Customers to access the Subscriber's Web Site in a secure manner. The Subscriber may register a domain name associated with the Subscriber's Web Site using a proxy domain name service, thereby hindering its Customers ability to verify the owner of the Subscriber's Web Site. A Hosting Provider hosts the Subscriber's Web Site and a Certificate Authority (CA) verifies the identity of the Subscriber. In combination the Hosting Provider and CA provide the Subscriber's Web Site with Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encrypted communications capability. The Hosting Provider and CA communicate directly with each other as needed, typically via the Internet, without using the Subscriber as an intermediary in their communications.

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that allows individuals and organizations around the world to communicate and to share information with one another. The World Wide Web (WWW), also known as the Web, is a collection of information resources contained in documents located on individual computers around the world and is one of the fastest growing parts of the Internet. Prevalent on the Web are multimedia Web sites offering and selling goods and services to individuals and organizations, i.e. Customers. Web sites may consist of a single Web page, but typically consist of multiple interconnected and related Web pages.
Each computer or server on the Internet is assigned a unique identifier known as an Internet Protocol (IP) address. A computer or server may host one or more Web sites. IP addresses are difficult to remember so a domain name service (DNS) associates Web sites' IP addresses with their corresponding domain names. This permits a Customer to enter an easily remembered domain name into a browser, and the browser, via the DNS, locates the unique IP address and thus the location of the Web site. Another advantage of the DNS is that the Web site may move its physical location on the Internet, i.e. receive a new IP address, but by making the appropriate changes in the DNS, the Web site may still be located using the original domain name.
In certain situations, the registrant of a domain name may not want to have their personal contact information made publicly available to prevent spam, identity theft, harassment, etc. from occurring. A proxy domain name registration permits a registrant to register a domain name anonymously by requesting the proxy to use the proxy's contact information so that the contact information published in the WHOIS database (a publicly accessible database of domain names and their corresponding registrants) is that of the proxy entity.
Internet businesses, whether a large corporation or an individual, are rapidly creating Web sites to take advantage of the growing number of Customers using the Internet and Customers' increasing willingness to purchase goods and services over the Web. Web sites created by Internet businesses may be reached by millions of Internet savvy Customers, thereby allowing Internet businesses to offer their products and services to a very large pool of potential Customers.
Some Internet businesses, typically larger more sophisticated ones, may provide their own hardware, software and connections to the Internet. However, many Internet businesses either do not have the resources available or do not want to create and maintain the infrastructure necessary to host their own Web sites. To assist these Internet businesses in operating their Web sites, many companies are offering hosting services for Web sites. These hosting companies typically provide the hardware, software and electronic communication means necessary to connect multiple Internet businesses' Web sites to the Internet. A single hosting company may literally host thousands of Web sites.
An unfortunate consequence of the Internet's growth is the accompanying growth of fraud on the Internet. Fraud not only results in actual losses, but it hinders the growth of the Internet. Many potential Customers may avoid conducting business over the Internet due to their fear of being deceived or of compromising personal data.
There are many fraudulent schemes, but two types of fraud tend to be particularly worrisome for Customers. The first type of fraud involves the operator of a Web site hiding or obscuring their identity from their Customers. Basically, the operator of a Web site takes advantage of the anonymity provided by the Internet thereby making it difficult for Customers to locate and punish a fraudulent Web site operator. For example, a Web site may purport to be from a known and trusted business when the Web site is in fact operated by an unscrupulous individual. The unscrupulous individual may try to receive credit card numbers or pass off goods and services under another's trademark as part of their fraudulent scheme.
The unscrupulous individual may have inserted false information in the WHOIS database when they registered their domain name to hide their identity. This is possible because Registrars do not verify the identity of a domain name registrant at the time domain names are registered. The unscrupulous individual may also try to use a proxy domain name registration. While most proxy domain name registrations are used for legitimate purposes, unscrupulous individuals may try to use this approach to make it more difficult for Customers to learn their identity, because the proxy's contact information, and not the unscrupulous individual's contact information, is made publicly available in the WHOIS database. As a consequence, legitimate businesses that wish to use a proxy domain name registration have a particularly urgent need for assuring their Customers that their identities are known and have been verified.
The second type of fraud involves individuals intercepting confidential information, such as credit card numbers, transmitted over the Internet between a Customer and a legitimate Web site. This type of fraud is much less common and may easily be prevented by transmitting confidential information only in a sufficiently strong encrypted format.
A common method for Internet businesses to protect their Customers from these two types of fraud is to obtain a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Certificate for their Web sites. An SSL certificate on a Web site lets Customers know that the owner of the Web site has been verified by a trusted third party (Certificate Authority or CA) and that confidential communications with the Web site are encrypted. SSL includes a protocol for transmitting private documents via the Internet. SSL protects confidential information by using a private key to encrypt data transferred over an SSL connection. Common conventional browsers, such as NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR and INTERNET EXPLORER, support the SSL protocol, and many Web sites use the protocol to obtain confidential user information from their Customers. By convention, Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) that require an SSL connection start with "https:" instead of "http:".
When connecting to a Web site using the SSL protocol, the Customer's browser receives information regarding the CA that issued the Web site's SSL certificate. The browser may decide whether or not to trust the Web site's SSL certificate based on which CA issued the Web site's SSL certificate. If the CA is on the browser's list of trusted CAs, the browser will know that the owner of the Web site has met the trusted CA's process for receiving an SSL certificate.
A conventional process for a CA to issue an SSL certificate to a requesting Subscriber for the Subscriber's Web site is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. The process starts with a Subscriber 150, typically the owner or an agent for the Web site 180, requesting hosting services from a Hosting Provider 160, typically in cooperation with an Internet Service Provider (ISP) (Step 200). The Hosting Provider 160 will typically provide the hardware and software necessary to place the Subscriber's Web Site 180 on the Internet. The Subscriber 150 may decide to request SSL services for its Web Site 180 from the Hosting Provider 160 to provide assurances to its customers that the Subscriber 150 is who the Subscriber 150 says it is and to enable encrypted communications with the Subscriber's customers. (Step 201)
The Hosting Provider 160 generates a public and a private key for the Subscriber's Web Site 180 (Step 202). The keys, as is known in the art, are integral to encrypted communications capabilities between the Customer and Subscriber's Web site. The Hosting Provider 160 generates a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) which includes information regarding the public key and a distinguished name, i.e., a unique name conforming to a standardized format. (Step 203) The Hosting Provider 160 transmits the CSR to the Subscriber 150. (Step 204)
Once the Subscriber 150 has the CSR, the Subscriber 150 may request an SSL certificate from a Certificate Authority 170 (CA) (Step 205) and start the process by transmitting the CSR to the CA 170 (Step 206). The CA 170 will normally be required to verify the identity of the Subscriber 150 by, for examples, asking for copies of identification documents or by asking for information not publicly available regarding the Subscriber 150. (Step 207) If the identity of the Subscriber 150 was verified, the CA 170 will create and sign an electronic Certificate. (Step 208) The CA 170 will transmit the electronic Certificate to the Subscriber 150 (Step 209) and the Subscriber 150 will transmit the Certificate to the Hosting Provider (Step 210). The Hosting Provider will install and configure the Certificate on the Subscriber's Web Site 180 thereby enabling the Subscriber's Web Site 180 to communicate using the SSL protocol. (Step 211) The Subscriber's Web Site 180 is now SSL complaint and may be accessed by customers desiring the extra security provided by the SSL protocol.
A third party, such as a customer desiring to purchase goods and services from the Subscriber 150, may use a browser to access the Subscriber's SSL compliant Web Site 180. Several steps are automatically performed by the browser without any interaction by the customer and, in fact, the customer may not even know the browser is performing these steps. The browser will request from the Subscriber's Web Site 180 the Certificate to the Web Site 180, which includes the identity of the CA that issued the Certificate. Browsers that support the SSL protocol have a list of trusted CAs and the browser will compare the CA that issued the Certificate to the Subscriber's Web Site's 180 with the browser's list of trusted CAs. If no match is found, the browser may try to see if it can get a match to one of its trusted CAs by "chaining" the CA that issued the Certificate to the Subscriber's Web Site.
The chaining process involves the browser looking at a first CA that issued the Certificate to a second CA that in turn issued the Certificate to the Subscriber's Web Site. By moving up the chain of issuing CAs the browser will attempt to eventually link up to the root CA. This process is helpful since the root CA is more likely to be on the browser's list of trusted CAs. If a match between a CA in the chain and a CA on the browser's list of trusted CAs is eventually found, the process for setting up an SSL connection may continue. If no match is found, i.e. the browser is unable to verify the owner of the Subscriber's Web Site 180 per the SSL protocol, the browser will typically display a security error to the user and ask if they would like to disconnect from the Web Site or ignore the error and continue.
The browser will need to get the public key from the Hosting Provider for the Subscriber's Web Site 180. Hosting Providers freely give the public key to anybody that asks for it. The browser may also request from the CA its Certificate Revocation List (CRL) to see if the Subscriber's Web Site's 180 Certificate has been revoked. Obviously, if the Subscriber's Web Site 180 has had its Certificate revoked by its CA, the browser may wish to refuse to establish an SSL link with the Subscriber's Web Site 180.
The SSL process allows the Subscriber's Web Site 180 and the Customer to authenticate each other through an established "hand-shaking" procedure and allows both to establish an encrypted connection. Various levels of encryption are known and may be used as appropriate once a connection has been made. For example, non-confidential information may not even be encrypted or may be encrypted with a simple cipher thereby conserving computer resources, while highly-confidential information, such as credit card numbers, may be encrypted with very sophisticated encryption algorithms to increase the security in the transmittal of the data.
The integrity of the system relies on the fact that the Hosting Provider 160 that hosting the Subscriber's Web Site 180 has maintained control over the private key at all times since the Hosting Provider 160 originally created both keys. This allows the Hosting Provider 160 to use known key-pair encryption technologies with a great deal of confidence in the security of the encryption process since the Hosting Provider 160 is able to insure that the Hosting Provider 160 is the only party to ever have access to the private key.
A problem with the prior art method of obtaining an SSL certificate for a Web site is that it involves a great deal of action by the Subscriber. Specifically, after the Subscriber requests hosting and SSL services from a Hosting Provider, the Subscriber must receive the CSR from the Hosting Provider and transmit the CSR to the CA and the Subscriber must receive the Certificate from the CA and transmit the Certificate to the Hosting Provider. If the Subscriber fails in coordinating the transmission of either the CSR or the Certificate between the Hosting Provider and the CA, the Subscriber's efforts in making their Web site SSL enabled will fail. Compounding the problem is the fact that few Subscribers are familiar with the process for obtaining an SSL Certificate for their Web site and would prefer to focus on the issues with their core business.
New systems and processes are therefore needed to prevent fraud on the Internet that overcome the limitations of current methods. Specifically, systems and processes are needed to simplify the process for a Subscriber to make their Web site SSL enabled. SSL enabled Web sites help fight against fraud by having a trusted third party verify the identity of a Web site operator and by encrypting communications between the Subscriber's Web Site and its Customers. Using an SSL enabled Web site is particularly important for Subscribers that have used a proxy service in registering their domain name since a proxy service makes it more difficult for Customers to verify the identity of the Web site operator on their own.

Method for a web site with a proxy domain name registration to receive a secure socket layer certificate


An object of the present invention is to provide a high-capacity, low cycle deterioration lithium secondary battery in which the positive electrode is provided with a titanium composite oxide such as Li2NiTiO4. A lithium secondary battery 100 provided by the present invention includes a positive electrode 10 and a negative electrode 20. The positive electrode 10 has a solid solution between Li2M1TiO4 (where M1 is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) and LiM2O2 (where M2 is at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, and Ni).

Rechargeable batteries, also known as secondary batteries, have in recent years become increasingly important as vehicle-mounted power sources and as power sources for personal computers and mobile devices. In particular, lithium secondary batteries (typically a lithium ion secondary battery), which are lightweight and provide a high energy density, are expected to be preferentially used as large, vehicle-mounted power sources. In this type of lithium secondary battery, charge and discharge proceed through exchange of lithium (Li) ions between the positive electrode and negative electrode that are constituent components of the battery, and the positive electrode material (the positive electrode active material) is the most important component for determining battery performance. For example, the discharge capacity is determined by how much Li ion can be inserted into and extracted from the positive electrode active material.
Due to this, various investigations have been carried out in pursuit of positive electrode active materials that can be expected to realize higher discharge capacities (for example, Patent Literature 1). Titanium composite oxides, e.g., Li2NiTiO4 and Li2MnTiO4, are one example of such positive electrode active materials. For example, the titanium composite oxide represented by Li2NiTiO4 has a theoretical capacity of around 150 mAh/g for the one-electron reaction, but since a two-electron reaction is possible here, it can be expected to achieve a capacity as high as about 300 mAh/g in such a case.

Positive electrode active material, process for producing same, and lithium secondary battery using same


An apparatus comprising an electronic-photonic device. The device includes a planar substrate having a top layer on a middle layer, active electronic components and active photonic waveguide components. The active electronic components are located on first lateral regions of the top layer, and the active photonic waveguide components are located on second lateral regions of the top layer. The second-region thickness is greater than the first-region thickness. The top layer has a higher refractive index than the middle layer.

There is great interest in the use of mixed electronic photonic devices in telecommunication and computational applications. An electronic-photonic integrated circuit device has photonic waveguide components, i.e., planar optical devices including optical waveguides, and active electronic components, i.e., electrical circuits including active electronic devices such as transistors, that are on the same substrate and that interact with each other to perform the device's function. To optimize the overall performance of a mixed electronic photonic device, it is important to optimize the performance of the individual electronic and photonic waveguide components that make up the device.

Multithickness layered electronic-photonic devices


A control method for an apparatus which includes a first shift portion that includes a motor and a differential portion, and that is able to function as an electric differential portion; and a second shift portion that is a stepped shift portion, and that is connected to the first shift portion, wherein the apparatus transmits power output from an engine to a drive wheel, the control method includes: determining whether a degree of progress of an upshift of the second shift portion that is performed when a vehicle is driven using solely the motor as a drive power source, has reached a predetermined level; determining whether the engine should be started; and stopping the upshift, and starting the engine, when it is determined that the degree of the progress of the upshift has not reached the predetermined level, and it is determined that the engine should be started.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a system and a method for controlling a power transmission apparatus for a vehicle, which includes a first shift portion that is able to function as an electric differential portion, and a second shift portion that is a stepped shift portion, and that is connected to the first shift portion. More specifically, the invention relates to improvement for reducing the possibility that a driver feels that drive power is not quickly increased, and the drive power is insufficient when the driver depresses an accelerator pedal.
2. Description of the Related Art
A power transmission apparatus, which includes a first shift portion and a second shift portion connected to the first shift portion, and which transmits power output from the engine to drive wheels, is available. The first shift portion includes a motor and a differential portion, and is able to function as an electric differential portion. The second shift portion is a stepped shift portion. For example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2005-319924. (JP-A-2005-319924) describes a control device for a drive apparatus for a vehicle. The drive apparatus for a vehicle in the technology includes a first shift portion that is able to function as an electric continuously variable transmission, and a second shift portion in which any one of a plurality of gears is achieved. The first shift portion is connected to the second shift portion in series. The mode of the first shift portion is selectively switched between a CVT mode in which electric CVT operation is performed, and a stepped transmission mode in which the CVT operation is not performed. The control device separately controls the speed ratio of the first shift portion, and the speed ratio of the second shift portion. In addition, the control device changes, in a stepwise manner, the speed ratio (total speed ratio) of an entire transmission constituted by the first shift portion and the second shift portion. Also, the drive apparatus for a vehicle selectively switches the drive mode of a vehicle among an engine-drive mode in which an engine is solely used as a drive power source, an engine-and-motor-drive mode in which the engine and a motor are used as the drive power sources, and a motor-drive mode in which the motor is solely used as the drive power source.
However, in the above-described control in the related art, when it is determined that the engine should be started based on depression of an accelerator pedal after an upshift is started while the vehicle is driven in the motor-drive mode using solely the motor as the drive power source, the start of the engine is delayed until the upshift is completed. Therefore, drive power corresponding to the depression of the accelerator pedal may not be quickly output, and accordingly, a driver may feel that the drive power is not quickly increased, and the drive power is insufficient.

System and method for controlling power transmission apparatus for vehicle


A process has been invented for removing contaminants (including solvent) from a flowing polymer, the process, in one aspect, including dissolving a sparingly soluble stripping agent into a flowing polymer, the sparingly soluble stripping agent stripping contaminants from the flowing polymer creating a mixture of contaminants and sparingly soluble stripping agent, which flows out from the flowing polymer, and separating the mixture from the polymer. In one aspect, recyclable sparingly soluble stripping agent is recovered and re-used.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention is directed to polymer devolatilization and, in certain aspects, to the use of a sparingly soluble stripping agent to significantly reduce the level of volatile contaminants in a flowing polymer.
2. Description of Related Art
Ideally solution polymerization would result in one hundred percent complete polymerization of monomer. In actual practice complete polymerization is never achieved and the resulting polymer has a variety of volatile contaminants, including unreacted monomer, solvent, and oligomers. Typically such contaminants are volatile relative to the polymer which is nonvolatile.
Residual monomer and other volatile contaminants in a product polymer may have an undesirable effect on polymer quality.
There has long been a need for improved methods for more efficient and effective polymer devolatilization. There has long been a need for such a method which avoids problems associated with the use of water as a stripping agent. There has long been a need for such a process which achieves very low volatile levels in a relatively short time, and with relatively small power requirements.