An information handling system may include at least one processor; and a non-transitory memory coupled to the at least one processor. The information handling system may be configured to: receive a command associated with an Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) protocol; package the command for transmission according to a Redfish protocol; and transmit the packaged command to a Redfish interface of a management controller, wherein the management controller is configured to unpackage and execute the command.

As the value and use of information continues to increase, individuals and businesses seek additional ways to process and store information. One option available to users is information handling systems. An information handling system generally processes, compiles, stores, and/or communicates information or data for business, personal, or other purposes thereby allowing users to take advantage of the value of the information. Because technology and information handling needs and requirements vary between different users or applications, information handling systems may also vary regarding what information is handled, how the information is handled, how much information is processed, stored, or communicated, and how quickly and efficiently the information may be processed, stored, or communicated. The variations in information handling systems allow for information handling systems to be general or configured for a specific user or specific use such as financial transaction processing, airline reservations, enterprise data storage, or global communications. In addition, information handling systems may include a variety of hardware and software components that may be configured to process, store, and communicate information and may include one or more computer systems, data storage systems, and networking systems.
Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) is a technology that is commonly used for server management in the datacenter. The use of IPMI may involve Remote Management Control Protocol (RMCP) and/or RMCP+ for providing for IPMI over LAN. RCMP+ is a UDP-based protocol which, although providing stronger authentication than RMCP, still may not provide sufficient communication security mechanisms for many enterprise applications.
Redfish is a standard designed to deliver simple and secure management functionality and is particularly suited for use in converged, hybrid IT and the Software Defined Data Center (SDDC). To protect both the interface and the exchanged data, Redfish provides authentication and encryption. Redfish is largely replacing IPMI for server management over the network in modern datacenter environments.
However, many server components have not yet implemented the Redfish API. Such components typically still leverage IPMI for server management.
Accordingly, it would be advantageous to be able to the security benefits of Redfish even on components that do not yet implement the Redfish API.
It is to be noted that various elements discussed herein are described in the Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) Specification Second Generation v2.0, Revision 1.1, released Oct. 1, 2013 (hereinafter, IPMI Specification), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. One of ordinary skill in the art with the benefit of this disclosure will understand its applicability to other specifications (e.g., prior or successor versions of the IPMI Specification). Further, some embodiments may be applicable to different technologies other than IPMI.
It is to be further noted that various elements discussed herein are described in the Redfish Specification 1.9.1, released Apr. 15, 2020 (hereinafter, Redfish Specification), which is also incorporated by reference in its entirety. One of ordinary skill in the art with the benefit of this disclosure will understand its applicability to other specifications (e.g., prior or successor versions of the Redfish Specification). Further, some embodiments may be applicable to different technologies other than Redfish.
It should be noted that the discussion of a technique in the Background section of this disclosure does not constitute an admission of prior-art status. No such admissions are made herein, unless clearly and unambiguously identified as such.


The present invention provides an image-receiving sheet for electrophotography which contains a support, and a raw paper, wherein the support contains at least one layer of a polymer coating layer on both surfaces of the raw paper and at least one layer of a toner image-receiving layer on a surface of the support; and the tensile strength in the Z-axis direction of the raw paper defined in the JAPAN TAPPI Paper and Pulp Test Method No. 18-1 is 350 kN/m2 to 650 kN/m2. The present invention also provides an image forming process using the image-receiving sheet for electrophotography.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image-receiving sheet for electrophotography which is excellent in curling properties and conveyability without substantially causing nonuniformity of images, and blisters, and also relates to an image forming process using the image-receiving sheet for electrophotography.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, as supports for various image recording materials such as image-receiving sheet for electrophotography, heat sensitive materials, inkjet recording materials, sublimation transfer materials, heat developing materials, silver halide materials, and heat transfer materials, for example, raw paper, synthetic paper, synthetic resin sheet, coated paper, laminated paper, and the like are used.
For such an image-receiving sheet for electrophotography, the following image-receiving sheets for electrophotography and the like are proposed. For example, an image bearing material which contains a raw paper, polymer coating layers to be formed on both surfaces of the raw paper, a toner image-receiving layer, and an antistatic layer (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 08-211645); and an inkjet recording medium which contains a support, and an ink-receiving layer containing a pigment and a binder, wherein the ink-receiving layer is formed on at least one surface of the support; the tensile strength in the Z-axis direction defined in the JAPAN TAPPI Paper Pulp Test Method No. 18-1 is 700 kN/m2; and the image definition of the ink-receiving layer surface is 50% or more (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open UP-A) No. 2004-291340).
Heat resistance is required for the above-noted image-receiving sheets because they are usually subjected to a high-temperature toner fixing step in which the fixing temperature is 110° C. or more. When heat resistance of such an image-receiving sheet is degraded, it may cause problems that blisters easily occur in a resin coating layer. The more the moisture content in raw paper is or the weaker the inter-fiber binding strength is, the easier the blisters occur, which could be a cause of a substantial amount of nonuniformity of images.
Further, in the toner fixing step, an image-receiving sheet is curled by effect of a heating treatment and is conveyed in the curled state. Therefore, it is desired for an image-receiving sheet for electrophotography to have excellent stiffness, dimension stability (curling properties), and conveyability.
However, an image-receiving sheet for electrophotography which is excellent in curling properties and conveyability without substantially causing nonuniformity of images, and blisters has not yet been provided so far, and an image forming process using the image-receiving sheet for electrophotography has not also been provided yet. It is now desired to swiftly provide such an image-receiving sheet for electrophotography and such an image forming process.

Image-receiving sheet for electrophotography and image forming process


A female connector (F) has a housing (10) with a front end and cavities (11) extend to the front end. Terminal fittings (40) are mounted in the cavities (11). A front wall (50) is mounted on the front end of the housing (10) and is formed with tab insertion holes (51) that can communicate with cavities (11). An operable surface (59A) is exposed at an end surface of the front wall (50). The front wall (50) can be moved from a full locking position to a partial locking position along the front end of the housing (10) by pushing this operable surface (59A). Portions of the end surface of the front wall (50) other than the operable surface (59A) are covered at least partly by an wall (26) of the housing (10) to limit movement of the front wall (50).

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a connector, a connector testing apparatus for conducting an electrical connection test for terminal fittings in the connector and a connector testing method.
2. Description of the Related Art
U.S. Pat. No. 5,336,540 discloses a connector with a housing and cavities that penetrate the housing in forward and backward directions. Locks formed on inner walls of the cavities and retain female terminal fittings that have been inserted properly into the cavities. The female terminal fittings then are connected with tabs of male terminal fittings inserted through openings formed in the front of the housing.
The front of the housing is formed with openings for permitting the insertion of the tabs and also with mold-removal holes that are formed as part of the molding of the locks. Thus, the tabs of the male terminal fittings may erroneously enter the mold-removal holes upon connecting two connectors.
Consideration has been given to using a separate front wall with tab insertion holes. The front wall is mounted on the front of the housing so that the tab insertion holes of the front wall align with the cavities of the housing. The leading ends of the tabs then can be inserted through the tab insertion holes of the front wall and into the female terminal fittings in the cavities to avoid erroneous insertion of tabs into the mold removal holes. The front wall is fitted from below into a mounting frame on the front of the housing and is detached from the housing by sliding a jig along a slanted guiding surface at the bottom of the housing. The leading end of the jig hooks onto the front wall. The jig then is maneuvered forcibly to pull the front wall down. However, it is difficult to detach the front wall by this method, and there is a demand for a further improvement.
The present invention was developed in view of the above problem and an object thereof is to improve operability upon detaching a front wall.

Apparatus and method for conducting an electrical test on a terminal fitting in a connector


A laser pointer is disclosed consisted of a laser module, a housing, a toggle switch, a push button ballpoint pen, a battery set, and a rotary cap, wherein the housing has chambers to hold the laser module, the battery set and the push button ballpoint pen, and a clip for hanging; the toggle switch has a press rod controlled by a button to press a leaf spring on a PC board so as to electrically connect the battery set to the laser module in causing the laser module to emit a laser beam for pointing to things.

The present invention relates to pointers and relates more particularly to a pen-like laser pointer used for pointing to things on a map, chart, blackboard, etc., by means of the laser beam generated thereby.
An ordinary pointer which is used by teachers for pointing to things on a map, blackboard, etc., is generally made of a long stick. Recently, laser diode devices have been proposed for making a pointer. An ordinary laser pointer is generally comprised of a metal casing having a laser diode connected to a trigger circuit controlled by a pres contact switch to generate a laser beam for pointing to things on a map, chart, blackboard, etc. As the press contact switch is fastened to the rear end of the casing, it may be easily triggered by error in wasting power consumption. Furthermore, the use of the metal casing greatly increases the cost of this laser pointer.


A session search relevance model identifies a user's dynamic information need based on a feedback model and a session relevance model. The feedback model is based on query changes in the session search and user interest in particular documents presented throughout the session search. The relevance model modifies a user's current query to retrieve documents most relevant to a user's information need.

The present disclosure relates to information retrieval based on user queries, and, more particularly, to a relevance model for a session search.
A session search can include multiple steps t as a user submits one or more queries to locate relevant information satisfying the user's information need. A search manager can be configured to provide the user with documents most relevant to the user's estimated information need.

International Business Machines Corporation


The present invention provides methods and apparatus for mitigating service interruption that occurs due to a change in the IP address of a UE that is receiving a service under control of a Policy and Charging Control (PCC) architecture. According to these methods, a Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) of the PCC architecture is configured to determine when a change in the IP address of the UE is imminent, and to take temporary actions to mitigate the service interruption perceived by the user of the UE. The PCRF is also configured to trigger a notifications intended for at least one of the UE and any Application Function (AF) that is providing the service to the UE that a change in the IP address of the UE will occur imminently. The UE and AF are therefore also able to anticipate the change in the IP address and take action to mitigate the service interruption perceived by the user prior to the change in the IP address taking place.

Telecommunications services provided over an IP Connectivity Access Network (IP-CAN) can be subject to charging and policy control mechanisms. This includes service-aware Quality of Service (QoS) control. Accordingly, some telecommunications systems incorporate Policy and Charging Control (PCC) architectures to provide this control. 3GPP TS 23.203 describes such a PCC architecture in respect of packet flows in an IP-CAN session established by a user terminal through an Evolved 3GPP telecommunications system, including both 3GPP accesses (GERAN/UTRAN/E-UTRAN) and Non-3GPP accesses. FIG. 1 illustrates schematically an example of the PCC architecture described in 3GPP TS 23.203 that comprises a Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF), a Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), an Application Function (AF), an Online Charging System (OCS), an Offline Charging System (OFCS) and a Subscription Profile Repository (SPR). The architecture can also include a Bearer Binding and Event Reporting Function (BBERF).
The PCRF is a functional element that encompasses policy control decision and flow based charging control functionalities, a combination of the functionality of the Policy Decision Function (PDF) and the Charging Rule Function (CRF) defined in release 6 of the 3GPP specification. A PCRF can be implemented as a standalone node and behaves as a Policy Decision Point (PDP), or Policy Server (PS), that stores user data related to QoS enforcement, access control lists, etc. The PCRF provides policy and charging control for the media components negotiated between the user terminal and the AF. The PCRF receives session and media related information from the AF and informs the AF of traffic plane events. The PCRF also provides network control regarding the service data flow detection, gating, QoS and flow based charging (except credit management) towards the PCEF. The PCRF can provision PCC rules and PCC decisions to the PCEF via a so-called Gx reference point and to the BBERF through a so-called Gxa/Gxc (also referred to as Gxx) reference point. The PCRF also forwards events between the BBERF, the PCEF, and the AF. Criteria such as the QoS subscription information may be used together with policy rules such as service-based, subscription-based, or pre-defined PCRF internal policies to derive the authorized QoS to be enforced for a service data flow. The PCRF PCC decisions may be based on one or more of the following:                information obtained from the AF via a so-called Rx reference point, e.g. the session, media and subscriber related information;        information obtained from the PCEF via the Gx reference point, e.g. IP-CAN bearer attributes, request type, subscriber related information and location information;        information obtained from the SPR via a so-called Sp reference point, e.g. subscriber and service related data;        information pre-defined in the PCRF; and        information obtained from BBERF via the Gxa/Gxc (also referred to as Gxx) reference points.
The PCEF is a functional entity that behaves as a Policy Enforcing Point (PEP) for enforcing decisions instructed by the PCRF and the OCS. The PCEF provides service data flow detection (based on service data flow filters defined in the PCC rules) to capture and analyse any user and signalling traffic, to identify the user and to capture details of the service(s) being used. The PCEF can then communicate this user and access-specific information to the PCRF over the Gx interface, to the OCS over a so-called Gy interface and to the OFCS over a so-called Gz interface. The PCEF enforces QoS control according to the QoS authorised by the PCRF. The PCEF is preferably co-located within a gateway node implementing the IP access to a Packet Data Network (PDN GW). As such, in a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) core network the PCEF is located within a GPRS Gateway Support Node (GGSN), whilst in the case of a CDMA2000 network the PCEF may be located in a Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN), and in a WLAN network the PCEF may be located in a Packet Data Gateway (PDG).
The BBERF supports a subset of the functions provided by the PCEF that includes bearer binding, uplink bearer binding verification and event reporting to the PCRF.
Bearer binding is the association of a PCC rule and a QoS rule (if applicable) to an IP-CAN bearer within that IP-CAN session, and is performed by the Bearer Binding Function (BBF). The BBF is located at the PCEF if GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) is used as the mobility protocol towards the PCEF. Otherwise, where a mobile-IP based protocol, such as Mobile IP (MIP), is used instead of GTP, the BBF is located at the BBERF. The QoS rules contain the information from the PCC rules that the BBERF requires to ensure that bearer binding can be performed. The QoS rules therefore contain the SDF template and precedence information, as well as the QoS information (e.g. QCI, bit rates etc). The PCRF provides the BBERF with the QoS rules derived from the PCC rules. The BBERF then enforces the QoS decisions by setting up the appropriate bearers. The Gxx reference point represents the Gxa or Gxc reference points as applicable in each particular context. Gxc applies when the BBERF is located in the S-GW of a 3GPP access, whereas Gxa applies when the BBERF is located in a trusted non-3GPP access.
The AF is an element offering applications that require policy and/or charging control of the IP-CAN user plane behaviour. The AF communicates with the PCRF over the Rx interface to transfer dynamic session information (e.g. a description of the media to be delivered in the transport layer) required for PCRF decisions, as well as to receive IP-CAN specific information and notifications about IP-CAN bearer level events. One example of an AF is the Proxy Call/Session Control Function (P-CSCF) of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). In the case of a P-CSCF, the information communicated over the Rx interface is derived from the P-CSCF session information and it mainly includes media components. A media component comprises a set of IP flows, each of which is described by a 5-tuple, the media type and required bandwidth. The AF can also subscribe to certain events that occur at the traffic plane level (i.e., events detected by either the PCEF or be BBERF). Those traffic plane events include events such as IP session termination or access technology-type change. When the AF has subscribed to a traffic plane event, the PCRF informs the AF of its occurrence.
The SPR contains all subscriber/subscription related information needed for subscription-based policies and IP-CAN bearer level PCC rules by the PCRF. The Sp interface allows the PCRF to request subscription information related to the IP-CAN policies from the SPR based on a subscriber ID and other IP-CAN session attributes.
For a UE attached to an IP-CAN, there may be various circumstances in which it is required that the IP address allocated to the UE must change whilst the UE is receiving a service provided through the IP-CAN. A typical example of such a scenario is when a UE is connected to a core network via a first IP-CAN and either the core network or the UE determines that the UE should change to an alternative second IP-CAN and, in particular, where the first IP-CAN and second IP-CAN implement heterogeneous access network technologies (i.e. are 3GPP and non-3GPP access networks). In this regard, both IPv4 and IPv6 address consist of a network prefix and a host/interface identifier. Therefore, when the UE moves from the first IP-CAN to the alternative second IP-CAN, the network prefix of the second IP-CAN will be different to that of the first IP-CAN, such that the IP address of the UE must change.
A change in the IP address allocated to a UE will result in an interruption of any existing streams of IP packets (i.e. IP flows) sent to and from the UE, and this will cause an interruption in any services that are currently being accessed by/provided to the user of the UE. In this regard, whilst an interruption of the service might not be considered a severe problem when the user is browsing the web (i.e. due to the bursty nature of web browsing), an interruption in a streaming service such as IPTV, video downloading, application downloading, etc, might be considered a severe disruption by the user.
The current solutions for mitigating against the problem of service interruption due to a change in the IP address of a UE are implemented in either the IP protocol stack or the application layer. Solutions that are implemented in the IP protocol stack make use of a shim layer that takes care and minimizes the effect of changing the IP address of the device. Examples of these solutions include Mobile IPv4, Mobile IPv6, Proxy Mobile IPv6, and Host Identity Protocol (HIP). However, these solutions that require a change the IP protocol stack are complex in nature, requiring significant changes in devices, programming Application Program Interfaces (APIs), infrastructure, configuration, etc. As a result, the trend is to provide application layer solutions in which those applications that are impacted upon by a change in the IP address attempt to minimize the perceived service interruption. However, these application layer solutions therefore require that each individual application that could be affected by such a change is updated so as to implement such a solution.

Methods and apparatus for mitigating service interruption


Compounds, compositions and methods useful for treating infectious diseases are provided. In particular, 3-aryl quinoline compounds, their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions thereof and methods of treating infectious diseases such as malaria, are disclosed.

Malaria remains one of the deadliest diseases in the world today, as it has been for thousands of years. For each of the one million people killed by malaria each year, hundreds of millions more suffer from severe illness. The impact of malaria is particularly devastating in sub-Saharan Africa where its victims are primarily young children and pregnant women.
This situation is worsened by the growing emergence of Plasmodium parasites that are resistant to multiple drugs. The list of drugs that are losing potency against malaria includes the quinolines, such as chloroquine, quinine, and mefloquine; the antifolates, such as pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine; and the anti-respiratory combination of atovaquone and proguanil.
The present disclosure provides compounds, compositions and methods comprising 3-aryl quinolines that are effective against malaria infection, including malarial strains that have developed resistance to currently available drugs.

Compounds, compositions and associated methods comprising 3-aryl quinolines

The United States of America as Represented by the Department of Veterans Affairs


In a cover unit for a fuel tank, a cover section is attached to the fuel tank to cover an opening of the fuel tank; an electronic-circuit containing section contains an electronic circuit; and an electric conductor is attached to penetrate the cover section and is adapted to electrically connect the electronic circuit with an electrical equipment within the fuel tank. Moreover, a vapor passage is formed between the cover section and the electronic-circuit containing section, and is adapted to discharge fuel exuded from a gap between the cover section and the electric conductor, to outside of the fuel tank in a vapor state.

a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a cover unit for a fuel tank. Specifically, the present invention relates to a cover unit for a fuel tank, which includes an electronic circuit for an electrical equipment.
b) Description of the Related Art
Various kinds of cover units for fuel tanks have been previously proposed. A Japanese Patent No. 3371409 issued on Nov. 22, 2002 exemplifies a previously proposed cover unit for a fuel tank.
In the cover unit for the fuel tank disclosed in this Japanese Patent, a recess portion is formed in an upper surface of a cover which is attached so as to cover and close an opening of the fuel tank. A control circuit for controlling a fuel pump installed within the fuel tank is disposed in the recess portion.


A method and system for generating electronic program guides is provided. The method comprises: sharing Electronic Program Guides (EPG) data among at least one terminal and at least two service providers (SPs) interconnected over network; searching the shared EPG data; and generating EPG for the terminal according to the searched EPG data and the customization information provided by the terminal. The system comprises at least two SPs and at least one terminal interconnected over network, where at least two SPs of the at least two SPs are provided with a middleware, and EPG data is shared among SPs or between SPs and terminals through the middleware, and at least one terminal of the at least one terminal is provided with a middleware. In embodiments of the present invention, an individualized EPG is generated according to requirements of a terminal by sharing EPG data and summarizing EPG data from a plurality of SPs.

Multiple mixed services can be transmitted over one channel in digital television because digitalized transmission has been implemented in digital television. Therefore, digital television service is not a single television service but refers to digital services, including video, audio, image and data etc, transmitted via television transmission channels. At present, as digital television is stepping into a rapid progress stage in the world, services related to digital television increase greatly. When programs and services provided by digital television for users keep increasing, Electronic Program Guide (EPG) is becoming an indispensable tool for users.
EPG may provide users with an easy-to-use tool with friendly interface for rapidly accessing program-related information. Users may use EPG to watch information on programs to be played in the near future on one or more channels or even all channels. At the same time, EPG may provide a program classifying function for helping users to browse and select various types of programs.
A prior art method for generating EPG is as follows: a Service Provider (SP) obtains EPG data from different EPG sources every fixed interval through a server, and combines the obtained EPG data to distribute it to terminals. The EPG sources include Internet, digital program broadcasting station, and teletext service providers.
A disadvantage of the above-mentioned prior art method is that, in this method, a SP generates and provides a uniform EPG for multiple terminals. Therefore, the EPG is not customized for each terminal and cannot meet specific requirements of each terminal on EPG.
In this method, EPG data is obtained from multiple different EPG sources and the number of the acquired EPGs is large. The EPG contains much useless information due to no interaction with terminals, and therefore cannot satisfy specific selection of programs by terminals.

System and method for generating electronic program guides


This application discusses, among other things, apparatus and methods for providing device-to-device (D2D) discovery privacy. In an example, a method can include transmitting a first temporary identification and first discovery information from a first user equipment (UE), the discovery information authorizing discovery of the first UE; and receiving a request from a second UE to join a device-to-device network with the first UE using a second temporary identification associated with the second UE.

Proximity-based applications and services (ProSe) represent a fast growing social and technological trend that may have a major impact on the evolution of cellular wireless/mobile broadband technologies. These services can be based on the awareness that two devices or two users are close to each other and, thus, may be able to directly communicate with each other.

Proximity-based services discovery privacy


Disclosed herein are an electric bicycle and a control method thereof. The control method of the electric bicycle in which a motor is rotated using electric energy stored in a battery to drive the electric bicycle, includes receiving an acceleration instruction value to accelerate the electric bicycle, input by a driver, during traveling, calculating a reference value according to a traveling velocity of the electric bicycle, and increasing time taken for a rotating velocity of the motor to reach a target velocity, if the received acceleration instruction value is more than the calculated reference value.

1. Field
Embodiments of the present invention relate to an electric bicycle which prevents abrupt start during traveling, and a control method thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, an electric bicycle includes a motor rotating wheels, and a battery supplying power to the motor. The motor of the electric bicycle drives the wheels, causing the electric bicycle to travel.
In such an electric bicycle, when a driver turns a throttle serving as an acceleration unit located at a handle, the motor is driven to rotate the wheels, and thus the electric bicycle moves upwards.
When the throttle is operated for acceleration during traveling of the electric bicycle, abrupt start in that the electric bicycle is abruptly started at an excessively high velocity may occur.
Since such abrupt start of the electric bicycle during traveling may lower driver's ride comfort, safety measures to prevent abrupt start are required now.

Electric bicycle and control method thereof


A mounting apparatus for mounting a data storage device (10) includes a drive bracket (30), and a locking device (40) movably attached to the drive bracket via a screw (50). The data storage device forms a pair of studs (20) at each opposite side plate thereof. The drive bracket includes a first side wall (302) and a second side wall (304) respectively defining first and second guiding grooves (3022,3042) thereof. The first side wall defines a locking hole (3027) beside an end of the first guiding groove. The locking device comprises a position slot (405) for fastening a corresponding stud therein, and a locking tab (4046) engaging in the locking hole of the drive bracket for locking the data storage device in the drive bracket.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mounting apparatus for data storage device, and particularly to a mounting apparatus for readily attaching a data storage device to a computer enclosure.
2. Description of the Related Art
A number of different means and devices are used to mount data storage devices to a drive bracket of a computer enclosure. These data storage devices include, for example, hard disk drives (HDDs), floppy disk drives (FDDs), and compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM) drives. An old conventional means is to directly screw the data storage devices to the drive bracket. An example of this means is disclosed in Taiwan patent application No. 87204479. However, the device disclosed requires a number of screws, which is unduly cumbersome and time-consuming.
An improved means to overcome the above shortcomings is to have a pair of guide rails attached to opposite side walls of the bracket. A pair of sliding rails is then attached to opposite sides of the data storage device, for sliding in the guide rails of the bracket. Thus, the data storage device can be readily slid into and secured to the bracket. An example of this means is disclosed in China patent application No. 98235030.9. However, this solution is still required to attach the slide rails to the data storage device by a plurality of screws.
Thus, a mounting apparatus for a data storage device which solves the above-mentioned problems is strongly desired.

Mounting apparatus for data storage device

Hong Fu Jin Precision IND (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.


A bicycle-based mobile telephone charging apparatus is herein disclosed comprising a frame-mounted electrical generator utilizing contact with a tire portion in a conventional manner to produce power to be supplied to a voltage regulator and charging circuit located in a frame-mounted pouch near a front of the bicycle. Interconnecting cabling is routed along the bicycle frame between the generator and the pouch. It is envisioned that a specialized cable commonly provided with a cellular phone or other electronic devices, connects the apparatus to a charging jack portion of the mobile telephone. The mobile phone is then placed in the pouch allowing the batteries to be charged while the user rides the bicycle.

Throughout the world, mobile telephone usage has skyrocketed. Many mobile phone devices utilize a rechargeable battery for power. To recharge the battery, wall-mounted alternating current (AC) chargers and motor vehicle cigarette lighter chargers are used. These chargers are significantly limited in use due to locations, such as remote areas or third world countries where an electrical power source for recharging the batteries is not available. Another such instance may be users who take long, multi-hour bicycle rides and need the convenience and safety of a mobile telephone. Accordingly, there exists a need for a means by which mobile telephones can be easily recharged in a manner which addresses the above described shortcomings. The development of the system herein described fulfills this need.
The system discloses a bicycle-based mobile telephone charging apparatus and system of use. A frame-mounted, pedal-powered generator is provided on a rear wheel of the bicycle which provides power to a voltage regulator and charging circuit located in a frame-mounted pouch near a front portion of the bicycle. Interconnecting cabling, routed through a conduit, connect the rear wheel-mounted generator to the pouch. A specialized cable connects to a charging jack of the mobile telephone while the telephone is placed in the pouch. In such a manner, the user can charge the batteries while riding a bike.
This recharging system can be especially advantageous in remote areas where electrical power is not readily available.
Several attempts have been made in the past to provide electrical power to electronic components and devices particularly using power generated by a bicycle. U.S. Pat. No. 5,842,714, issued in the name of Spector, describes a bicycle power pack comprising a direct current (DC) power pack which is incorporated within the frame of a bicycle and supplies operating power to the bicycle illumination system. However, unlike the present system, the Spector bicycle power pack requires a set of internal rechargeable batteries located within a hollow tube member of the bicycle frame and does not generate electrical power through motion of said bicycle.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,104,096, issued in the name of Hicks, discloses electricity generation for pedaled vehicles comprising an electricity generating unit mounted within a pedal of a bicycle or the like in order to provide power to a plurality of LED's mounted on said pedal or bicycle frame. However, unlike the present system, the Hicks electricity generation unit utilizes a gear box internal to the pedal to drive the rotor of a generator to produce a small amount of electricity which can illuminate the array of LED's.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,016,022, issued in the name of Cho, discloses an electricity generating system of a bicycle comprising a dynamo, a drive wheel, and a belt system concentrically located to a bicycle wheel. However, unlike the present system, the Cho electricity generating system is in constant contact with the bicycle wheels and does not provide a means of transferring the electricity generated to an electronic device.
While these devices fulfill their respective, particular objectives and appear to disclose various attempts to generate electricity from a bicycle for use with electronic components; none of the prior art particularly discloses a generating and charging adapter for mobile electronic devices comprising a generator mounted adjacent to a rear wheel of a bicycle which generates electricity which is transferred to a charging adapter assembly for connecting to mobile electronic devices. Accordingly, there exists a need for such a system that operates without the disadvantages as described above.

Bicycle adapter mobile telephone charger


A latch circuit has a tri-state gate and a reverse tri-state gate that share the same complementary controls. The reverse tri-state gate locks an output of the tri-state gate when the tri-state gate is shut-off. The complementary control signals include a first undoped polysilicon strip. The output of the reverse tri-state gate may be coupled to the output of the tri-state gate via a second undoped polysilicon strip.

The present invention relates generally to integrated circuits, and more particularly, to a flip-flop circuit having resistive poly routing.
Flip-Flop (FF) performance is a crucial factor for high performance SOCs, not just in terms of functional operation, but also for layout and routing. Reducing metal connections inside a FF cell, which is replicated many times within a chip, can make available more metal routing tracks over the FFs, which allows for higher SOC routability.
A conventional master-slave FF (MS-FF) includes two latches with each latch holding data by using a feedback loop. The design of a MS-FF gives rise to at last two issues. First, the feedback loop will slow data changing from one state to another. Second, the internal inverted clock and non-inverted clock are not aligned with each other, which causes a relatively large setup and hold time.
It would be advantageous to have a FF design that overcomes the above-mentioned issues.

Flip-flop circuit with resistive poly routing


The invention relates to a gun barrel mounting for a gun barrel, comprising a cradle with at least one gun mounting for mounting the gun barrel and a base part that can be connected to the gun barrel.

A gun barrel is traditionally mounted in a cradle, in order to allow the breech and barrel to move backwards. The mounting is customarily configured as a plain bearing bush. This mounting should be designed with as little clearance as possible, so that a high degree of precision can be achieved for the weapons system. However, a small amount of bearing clearance is necessary due to thermal expansion and the expansion of the gun barrel resulting from the internal pressure that occurs during firing. This bearing clearance means that the barrel usually only rests on the bearing with the underside of the barrel under its own weight. When firing takes place, the barrel expands under the gas pressure. The midpoint of the barrel in this case performs a lifting movement in a vertical direction. This lifting movement stimulates vibrations in the barrel and has a negative impact on the precision of the weapons system.
A mounting for a large-caliber weapon which supports the weapon barrel in two slide bushes arranged at the muzzle and breech end of a cradle tube is known from DE 31 48 265 A1. With a slide-bush mounting of this kind, in which the barrel rests on the lower bearing inner edge in a mass-induced manner, the gun barrel is lifted by the barrel widening that occurs during firing. This leads to vibrations in the gun barrel and has a negative impact on the hit accuracy of the projectile in each case.
In order to avoid the barrel vibrations which occur in a large-caliber barrel during firing, DE 39 36 454 A1 discloses the use of bearings which are free from the lifting effect, in which the gun barrel does not strike a fixed abutment in a radial direction during firing, instead of traditional slide-bush bearings, so that barrel widening can take place both in a horizontal and vertical direction. For the mounting of the gun barrel in the cradle tube, four evenly distributed guide rails are provided on the circumference of said gun barrel which extend in the direction of the longitudinal axis and are configured as slide rails, said guide rails engaging with corresponding guide grooves in the cradle tube in such a manner that the directions of the bearing force and the radial barrel widening are each perpendicular to one another. The principle disadvantage of this mounting is that the guide rails and guide grooves extend away on the gun barrel over the entire length of the cradle tube, so that a large amount of engineering is required. In larger weapons systems, the guide elements are provided at least sectionally in the front and rear regions, or in multiple regions. Changing the gun barrel is time-consuming with guns of this kind and the outer diameter of the cradle is relatively large due to the use of a mounting of this kind.
A gun with a lifting effect-free mounting of a large-caliber gun barrel in a cradle tube is known from DE 31 50 250 A1. Four guide rails are arranged in this case too; however they are not configured as slide bearings, but as anti-friction bearings, wherein the bearing faces of the guide rails are supported on the corresponding bearing faces of the cradle tube via anti-friction bearings which are guided through flat cages when the barrel travels backwards. DE 31 50 250 A1 envisages a disadvantage of the prior art on which this application is based as being that only slide bearings are used for the longitudinally displaceable guidance of large-caliber gun barrels, which slide bearings require an exceptionally large bearing clearance to prevent them from jamming. However, this bearing clearance in turn has a negative effect on the hit accuracy. To solve this problem, it is therefore proposed that instead of the slide bearing, anti-friction bearings should likewise be incorporated, so that the gun barrel is not only guided entirely without clearance, but also works in an entirely slip-free and wear-free manner.
DE 31 48 265 A1 is likewise based on a mounting of a backwards and forwards-moving, large-caliber gun barrel by means of two plain bearing bushes as the prior art, and establishes that as a consequence of a plain bearing clearance that has to be observed in this case, the hit accuracy is detrimentally affected by uncontrolled transverse barrel movements. This problem is solved in that the gun barrel is supported within two bearings arranged in the cradle tube in a clearance-free manner.
A centered gun barrel front bearing for large-caliber weapons which supports the gun barrel in the region of the cradle tube at the breech end with a slide bush bearing known per se with an existing fit clearance specification is known from DE 198 00 193 A1.
A further central barrel mounting for large-caliber weapons is described in DE 102 26 534 A1. The gun barrel is supported therein in a first slide bush bearing arranged at the muzzle end of the cradle tube and in a second slide bush bearing arranged at the breech end of the cradle tube. The first slide bush bearing has a lifting effect-free design and comprises a barrel bush, the outer surface of which is slidingly supported in the cradle tube. The barrel bush in each case has on the inside at least three groove-shaped recesses evenly distributed over the circumference, with which recesses at least three strip-shaped projections of the gun barrel engage. Between the outer surface of the gun barrel, or of an inner ring which supports the strip-shaped projections and is connected to said gun barrel in a form-fitting manner, and the inner surface of the barrel bush, and also between the strip tops and the inner surface of the groove-shaped recesses of the barrel bush, a predefined clearance is provided in such a manner that the widening of the gun barrel which occurs during firing lies within said clearance.


A visual tooth cleaning, grinding and polishing instrument includes a host, an oral observation instrument and a cleaning and polishing tool. The host can drive the cleaning and polishing tool and supply a power source and a control system for an illuminating system, an observation system and the oral observation instrument. A picture shot by a camera of the observation system can be transmitted to a display of the observation system in time, so as to achieve the purposes of cleaning the teeth while observing a process of cleaning the dental calculus, dental plaque and pigmentation on the surface of the teeth with the cleaning and polishing tool and the cleaning effect instantly on a mobile phone, thereby effectively cleaning, grinding and polishing the teeth. A flusher or an electric toothbrush head or other interdental cleaning tools may also be mounted on the host or the oral observation instrument.

When the teeth are not cleaned thoroughly for a long time or when people smoke, drink tea or drink alcohol for a long time, it is very easy to cause dental problems such as dental calculus, dental plaque and pigmentation on the surface of the teeth. At present, usually, the dental problems such as dental calculus, dental plaque and pigmentation are solved by washing the teeth in a professional stomatological hospital.
At present, the common way to clean the dental calculus, dental plaque and pigmentation in a process of washing the teeth is to extend a work head of a tooth cleaner in high-speed rotation or vibration into the oral cavity so as to loosen the dental plaque and break the dirt on the surface of the teeth under the friction or vibration action of the work head, thereby achieving the purpose of cleaning the dental calculus, dental plaque and pigmentation.
Because the work head needs to be extended into the oral cavity and the light in the oral cavity is very dark, it is very difficult to see the condition in the oral cavity. Therefore, in the prior art, generally, the dental calculus, dental plaque, pigmentation, coated tongue and the like in the oral cavity of a patient can only be cleaned by a dentist by virtue of professional instruments and a dental treatment table or a dental treatment chair in a dental clinic.
At home, it is difficult for a patient to use the oral cleaning instruments in the prior art to clean the dental calculus, dental plaque, pigmentation and the like in the oral cavity. Generally, the patient can only use a coated tongue cleaner, various toothbrushes or flusher to clean the teeth, dorsum and the like. Because the light in the oral cavity is dark or the parts to be cleaned are relatively hidden and are difficult to observe, the patient can only perform these cleaning operations by feeling, so that the parts to be cleaned always cannot be cleaned, but the parts that do not need to be cleaned are cleaned repeatedly, causing excessive damage to the teeth. In particular, when the patient uses a tool in high-speed rotation or vibration, such as a high speed grinding head, an ultrasonic grinding head or a dental bur, to clean the oral cavity by himself, once the work head deviates from the work part, it is very easy to cause accidental injury.
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, it is necessary to develop a tool which can be used by the patient at home to carry out targeted cleaning, grinding and polishing on the teeth or coated tongue by using a display screen of a mobile phone in a visual state.

Visual tooth cleaning, grinding and polishing instrument


The invention relates to a floor panel in the form of a multilayer, rectangular laminate with a soft core (10) of plastic, a décor film (12) on the upper side of the core (10), a transparent finishing layer (14) and a transparent lacquer layer (16) applied on the finishing layer (16), as well as a back-pull layer (18) on the back of the core (10), with a lockable tongue and groove connection at least at two mutually opposite edges of the panel (20, 22).

The invention relates to a floor panel in the form of a rectangular plastic plate according to the introductory portion of claim 1.
A floor panel in the form of a rectangular plastic plate with tongue and groove profiling at least at two mutually opposite edges is known from the British patent 1,430,423. In comparison to a conventional tongue and groove connection, the tongue and groove profiling used has the special feature that the tongue and groove can be locked to one another so that adjacent plates can be prevented from drifting apart in the plane in which they are laid. In the present context, a connection of this type is to be referred to as a lockable tongue and groove connection.
Recently, tongue and groove connections have been employed widely in the course of the success of the so-called laminated floor panels. In practice, because of the possibility of locking adjacent panels together in a springy fashion, click connections are also mentioned in practice. The known, relevant patents include the EP 843,763 A1, the EP 1,024,234 A1, the EP 1,036,341 A1 and the EP 698,126 A1.
The known floor panels generally consist of a chipboard core (such as an MDF or an HDF core), which is covered (laminated) with a décor layer and a use surface or a finishing layer.
Laminated floors have proven to be optically appealing, advantageously priced, relatively light and flooring material, which can also be laid by lay persons. Furthermore, they are correspondingly widely spread.
Because of the high proportion of wood material in the laminated panels, it has not been possible until now to appreciably reduce the relatively high impact noise, which emanates from laminated floors.
On the other hand, plastic floor coverings are also known, which generally consist predominantly or completely of PVC and are supplied in the form of individual tiles or panels. These individual tiles or panels are glued to a solid substrate. Admittedly, these plastic floor coverings have advantages in relation to the transfer of impact noise. However, laying the individual panels by gluing them to the substrate continues to be time-consuming and labor intensive. Since dispersion adhesives are generally used for this purpose, bubbles may be formed in the floor covering because of the diffusion of vapors through the adhesive layer or also due to moisture from the substrate.


Methods of creating a hook for a bike rack. The methods include the steps of providing a planar metal material, cutting a two-dimensional shape from the planar metal material where the two-dimensional shape defines a hook precursor, forming the hook precursor into a three-dimensional hook where the three-dimensional hook includes a hook face, and adding a protective layer to the hook face. In some examples, the methods include processing the three dimensional hook to remove sharp edges, cutting a mounting point into the hook precursor, cutting a bevel on an edge of the hook precursor to define a beveled edge, and/or cutting a curve on an edge of the hook precursor to define a rounded edge.

The present disclosure relates generally to methods of creating hooks. In particular, methods of creating a hook for a bike rack are described.
Bike racks provide a convenient way to store and transport bicycles. Bike racks are commonly mounted to vehicles and to walls. Some bike racks are configured to support a single bicycle while others are configured to support multiple bicycles.
Known methods for manufacturing bike racks are not fully satisfactory. In particular, existing methods to manufacture hooks for bike racks have certain disadvantages. For example, existing methods are slow and labor intensive. In addition, conventional methods of creating bike rack hooks often require multiple materials and/or specialty materials.
A significant limitation of known methods for manufacturing bike racks is that they do not utilize sheet material. Sheet material is affordable, easy to source, easy to store, and convenient to use. Manufacturing methods that rely on three-dimensional source material shapes, such as rods, blocks, and customized shapes, tend to be more expensive, harder to maintain and store, and more difficult to process.
For example, three-dimensional source material shapes may not be suitable for use in rapid or high-volume manufacturing techniques, such as laser cutting, waterjet cutting, stamping, or die processing. Alternative techniques, like hand forming shapes, bending materials, or extruding materials, tend to be slower, more labor intensive, and more expensive.
Thus, there exists a need for bike rack hook creation methods that improve upon and advance the design of known methods for creating bike rack hooks. Examples of new and useful methods of creating bike rack hooks relevant to the needs existing in the field are discussed below.
Examples of references relevant to the methods discussed below include U.S. Patent References: US20150375688A1; U.S. Pat. No. 9,371,102; US20070108357A1; U.S. Pat. No. 9,703,123B2; US20170367792A1; U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,236,039B2; 8,413,390; US20180099465A1; U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,031,893B2; 8,027,744; US20150073578A1; US20140053737A1; and US20090005899A1. The complete disclosures of the above patents and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference for all purposes.


A method of operating a refrigeration system having a compressor driven by an engine, with the refrigeration system being operable in a first control mode to hold the temperature of a conditioned space at a selected set point temperature, and in a second control mode to maintain the engine in a ready-to-start condition. The second control mode includes monitoring the ambient temperature, and determining a dynamic set point temperature as a function of ambient temperature. The engine is started and stopped to maintain engine startability, and also as a function of the dynamic set point temperature, to maintain the temperature of the conditioned space at the dynamic set point temperature while maintaining the engine in a ready-to-start condition. Control is changed from the second to the first control mode, when a programmed start feature is activated, with the time of such mode change being a function of the difference between the ambient temperature and the selected set point temperature.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,075 teaches apparatus for maintaining a diesel engine at ready to start temperature, starting the engine responsive to the falling of the block temperature to a predetermined low value, and stopping the engine when the block temperature rises to a predetermined high value. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,419,866 and 4,878,465, which are assigned to the same assignee as the present application, teach refrigeration systems in which an internal combustion engine drives a refrigerant compressor in a start-stop mode to maintain the temperature of a conditioned space within a predetermined temperature range or null band adjacent to a selected set point temperature. The latter patents also teach automatic starting of the engine when the temperature of the conditioned space is satisfied, i.e., in the null temperature band, such as in response to low engine temperature, low battery voltage, the need to defrost, and the like. Such engine starts will be accompanied by operating the associated refrigeration system in cooling and heating cycles, as required, to hold the temperature of the served space in the null band.

Method of operating a refrigeration system


A peelable sealable co-extruded film, comprising:                i. a skin layer capable of heat sealing against a rim of a container, to itself, or to another film and adapted to be peeled there from and comprising a hot melt adhesive resin; and        ii. a core layer underlying said skin layer and comprising crystalline homopolymer polyethylene terephthalate;and a method for the preparation thereof.

Peelable, sealable films used for lidding and packaging frozen or refrigerated meals, pizzas and other frozen, refrigerated or room-temperature-stored foods are known in the art. See U.S. Pat. No. 6,616,998 B2 assigned to Eastman Chemical Company and U.S. Pat. No. 5,888,599 assigned to DuPont. These films are prepared by a costly, multi-step process in which a core film is first prepared comprising a base layer which is then coated with a hot melt adhesive in a separate step to form a skin. Other sealable films known in the art are coextruded. While these coextruded films are cost-effective to produce, the films obtained are not truly peelable as they often tear and split when removed from the package, often sticking to the food, especially to foods that contain sauces and cheese such as pizza.

Co-extruded biaxially oriented sealable, peelable film and process for its production


A gate cut isolation including an air gap and an IC including the same are disclosed. A method of forming the gate cut isolation may include forming an opening in a dummy gate that extends over a plurality of spaced active regions, the opening positioned between and spaced from a pair of active regions. The opening is filled with a fill material, and the dummy gate is removed. A metal gate is formed in a space vacated by the dummy gate on each side of the fill material, and the fill material is removed to form a preliminary gate cut opening. A liner is deposited in the preliminary gate cut opening, creating a gate cut isolation opening, which is then sealed by depositing a sealing layer. The sealing layer closes an upper end of the gate cut isolation opening and forms the gate cut isolation including an air gap.

The present disclosure relates to integrated circuit (IC) fabrication, and more specifically, to a gate cut isolation including an air gap, an IC including the same and a method of forming the gate cut isolation.
Advanced manufacturing of ICs requires formation of individual circuit elements, e.g., field-effect-transistors (FETs) and the like, based on specific circuit designs. A FET generally includes source, drain, and gate regions. The gate region is placed between the source and drain regions and controls the current through a channel region (often shaped as a semiconductor fin) between the source and drain regions. Gates may be composed of various metals and often include a work function metal which is chosen to create desired characteristics of the FET. Transistors may be formed over a substrate and may be electrically isolated with an insulating dielectric layer, e.g., inter-level dielectric (ILD) layer. Contacts may be formed to each of the source, drain, and gate regions through the dielectric layer in order to provide electrical connection between the transistors and other circuit elements that may be formed subsequent to the transistor in other metal levels.
Fin-type field effect transistor (finFETs) are formed by creating a number of semiconductor fins on a substrate and placing a gate conductor perpendicularly across the fins. A finFET is created by the gate forming a channel region below the gate in the fin, and source/drain regions formed in the fin aside the gate. In order to form the various portions of the finFET according to replacement metal gate (RMG) approach, an elongated dummy gate is put in place where the metal gate conductor will eventually be placed perpendicularly across the fins. The dummy gate allows for processing such as anneals to be carried out without damaging the final gate conductor material. Spaces between the dummy gates and fins are filled with an interlayer dielectric. The dummy gates are typically made of polysilicon or amorphous silicon with a liner spacer such as titanium nitride. As part of the process, a gate cut opening is formed in the dummy gate, and is then filled with a gate cut fill. To form the finFETs, the dummy gate is removed, and replaced with a metal gate conductor that extends over adjacent fins. The gate cut fill creates a gate cut isolation that provides an electrical isolation between gates of adjacent finFETs to electrically isolate the finFETs.
As integrated circuit (IC) fabrication continues to scale to smaller technology nodes, e.g., 7 nanometers and beyond, spacing between structures continues to decrease. For example, ground rules and pattern variability lead to extremely tight spacing for gate cut openings during finFET formation. A particular challenge with forming the gate cut is creating the opening with the desired size. For example, the width for a gate cut opening is typically about 30 nanometers (nm), which allows sufficient space to remove any residue from the opening. However, that size is becoming too large for 7 nm technology node finFETs. That is, the gate cut fill size needs to be smaller than 30 nm to provide sufficient spacing, and to ensure metal gate conductor separation after metal conductor replacement in a 7 nm technology node. More specifically, in the 7 nm technology node, the amorphous silicon and liner spacer pinch off in a narrow gate cut, making it very difficult to remove the amorphous silicon residue at the bottom of the opening with the conventional reactive ion etch (RIE). In one approach, a high bias power RIE overetch is applied, but this etch creates bowed sidewalls in the gate cut opening, which can create shorts with the gate conductor ends. A larger gate cut isolation dimension reduces the process margin in a way that may cause a void in the subsequent gate formation, e.g., formation of a work function metal layer of the gate.

Gate cut isolation including air gap, integrated circuit including same and related method


Purified and recombinant proteins TPC2 and TPC3 and recombinant or synthetic oligonucleotides corresponding to those proteins or fragments thereof can be used to detect regulators of telomere length and telomerase activity in mammalian cells and for a variety of related diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

The DNA at the ends of the telomeres of chromosomes in mammalian cells consists of double- and single-stranded nucleic acid composed of many tandem repeats of a simple nucleotide sequence referred to as the telomeric repeat sequence. Telomeres help maintain chromosome structure and function; the loss of telomeric DNA can activate the cellular processes that detect and control DNA damage and monitor and control cell proliferation and senescence. The maintenance of telomeres and the regulation of telomere length are vital cellular functions involved in transmitting genetic information from generation to generation, aging, the control of cell growth, and cancer. See Harley, 1991, Mutation Research 256:271-282; and Blackburn, 1992, Annu. Rev. Biochem. 61:113-129, each of which is incorporated herein by reference (note: references cited herein are provided for convenience; such citations are not to be construed as an admission of prior invention).
The multi-component telomerase ribonucleoprotein enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of the first strand of telomeric DNA synthesized during telomere elongation, using the RNA component of the enzyme as a template. Although the RNA component of human telomerase (hTR) and other mammalian telomerase enzymes has been identified, isolated, characterized, and described in the scientific literature, the protein components of the telomerase enzyme as well as most other cellular macromolecules involved in telomere maintenance and the regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity in mammalian cells have not. See Feng et al., 1995, Science 269:1236-1241; PCT patent publication No. 96/01835; and pending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 08/521,634, filed 31 Aug. 1995, and 08/330,123, filed 27 Oct. 1994, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Many useful methods and reagents relating to telomere and telomerase biology have been described. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,489,508; PCT patent publication Nos. 95/23572, 95/13381, 95/13382, and 95/13383; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/632,662, filed 15 Apr. 96, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Significant improvements to and new opportunities for telomere- and telomerase-mediated therapies as well as related assays, screens, diagnostic methods, and reagents could be realized and obtained, however, if additional cellular macromolecules involved in mammalian telomere maintenance and the regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity could be identified, characterized, and made available in pure or isolatable form. In particular, the characterization of the nucleotide and corresponding amino acid sequences of such macromolecules could provide new and useful recombinant expression vectors and plasmids, as well as related reagents useful in medical therapeutic and diagnostic technology.

Methods and reagents for regulating telomere length and telomerase activity


A method is provided to match an unknown data point with a known data point contained in a multi-dimensional data structure. The method may include receiving data from any multi-dimensional source where a query may be used to locate specific data points within that source. The method receives a number of inputs, including a Euclidean error distance and a number of reference points to use. Furthermore, the method determines optimal reference points to locate a relatively small number of data points within the data structure that possibly match the unknown point. Once possible match points are located, the method then determines the unknown point's match.

Today, deciphering unknown data has become an increasingly difficult, but necessary, task. As data and storage systems become more complex, programmers are finding that their old matching techniques are inefficient. One common method to identify unknown data is to compare it to known data stored in a database. If the unknown data point matches a point contained in the database, then the unknown data can be identified. However, this process requires one to check the unknown data against every piece of known data in the database. Today, test data is being stored in large multi-dimensional structures that hold enormous quantities. As a result, comparing everything in a database has become quite time consuming and CPU intensive. Furthermore, data itself can be rather large, requiring many complicated computations to match.
For example, this problem arises in the process of audio fingerprinting. Audio fingerprinting is the task of identifying an audio track that is missing or has incorrect metadata. A media player which plays audio files may wish to display the title of the song playing and its artist. Generally, the player will look to a file's metadata in order to determine title and artist. However, such information my be inaccurate or missing from the metadata. In order to determine the needed information, then, the player may try to match a signature or other electronic representation of the song to known signatures or other electronic representations of pre-computed songs. Essentially, the player tries to match the unknown metadata of the song to known metadata, or "fingerprints," that are stored in a database.
There are inherent performance challenges with matching audio fingerprints, though. For instance, once a song is processed, a 64 floating point number is produced and stored in a large multi-dimensional structure. Each digit of the number may correspond to a different dimension of the database. For audio fingerprinting, it is typical to have a 64 dimension database holding nearly 1,000,000 known fingerprints. Furthermore, finding a match requires comparing the unknown song to every pre-calculated fingerprint in the database. As can be imagined, comparing 1,000,000 64 floating point numbers that are housed in a 64 dimension database is time consuming.
Moreover, the comparison calculation of the unknown song to a known fingerprint is quite complex. It is performed by first mapping the unknown song and known fingerprints into multi-dimensional space. In order to compare songs, each known fingerprint's Euclidean distance from the unknown song is calculated. If the unknown song is close enough to a known fingerprint, it is considered a match. Euclidean distance measurements in multi-dimensional space are quite CPU intensive. Consequently, comparing an unknown song to every fingerprint in a multi-dimensional database is slow.
Therefore, a need arises for a method to accurately locate the section of a multi-dimensional database where a match may exist. If such an area can be pinpointed, only the known data within that area would need to be searched. Finding and searching such an area would greatly reduce the amount of time and processor power needed to identify unknown data. Audio fingerprinting is merely one illustration of the problem at hand. Similar difficulties arise in many applications performing comparisons in multi-dimensional databases. The ability to search such structures more efficiently would greatly reduce the time and CPU usage needed to perform data matching tasks.

Dimensional reduction using data matching in high dimensional space