The present invention provides a mobile communication cellular system using the CDMA transmission system which is capable of performing the handoff operation without control of a radio base station control apparatus. The first spread code specified for each sector cell is attended with the transmitted signal to a mobile station and the mobile station can receive all first spread codes from all sector cells at the time of call establishment, and the mobile station transmits the second spread code indicating the identification code of the mobile station. At the time of handoff operation, the radio base station selects the sector cell to be switched in accordance with a correlation value calculated based on received signal form the mobile station, and the mobile station selects the communication channel based on the information of the first spread codes having been received.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile communication cellular system, and, more particularly, to a technique of handoff control when a mobile station moves from one sector cell to other sector cell, each sector cell is provided by a radio base station using a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) transmission system for communication with mobile stations.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 2 is a view showing an example of a structure of a conventional mobile communication cellular system using the CDMA transmission system.
As shown in FIG. 2, the mobile communication cellular system is constituted by a plurality of mobile stations 103-1 to 103-n, a radio base station 102 for transmitting/receiving radio signals with respect to communication with the mobile stations 103-1 to 103-n, and a radio base station control apparatus 101 for controlling the radio base station 102.
Further, a voice encoder 104 for encoding and decoding a voice signal is provided within the radio base station control apparatus 101, and TRXes (transmitter/receiver) 110-1 to 110-N for transmitting/receiving radio signals between the radio base station 102 and the mobile units 103-1 to 103-n are provided within the radio base station 102 in accordance with each of sector cells 1 to N thereof.
The handoff operation, which is carried out when a mobile station moves from one sector cell to other sector cell, in the above-described configuration will be described with referring to FIG. 3 as well as FIG. 2.
FIG. 3 shows a signal flowchart of the handoff operation in the mobile communication cellular system illustrated in FIG. 2.
In the mobile communication cellular system, a pilot indicating a ratio of Eb/I0 (Eb: energy per one bit, I0: interfering energy from another channel) is always transmitted from the radio base station 102 providing a plurality of the sector cells 1 to N to the mobile stations 130-1 to 130-n.
In each of the mobile stations 130-1 to 130-n, each strength of pilot (Eb/I0) transmitted from all sector cells are received, and compares the strength of pilot from the sector cell which is currently performing communication with the strength of pilot from each of adjacent sector cells for detecting a sector cell which is optimum for carrying out the communication, namely, a sector cell providing the strongest pilot is detected.
It is assumed that the mobile station 103-1 is currently communicating with the TRX 110-1 of the sector cell 1.
The strength of pilot from the sector cell 1 is compared with that of the strength of pilot from the sector cell 2 in the mobile station 103-1 and, if the strength of pilot from the sector cell 2 exceeds it from the sector cell 1, the message (Pilot Strength Measurement Massage) for requesting the handoff operation control is transmitted from the mobile station 103-1 to the radio base station 102.
The message sent to the radio base station 102 is further transferred to the radio base station control apparatus 101.
When the message for requesting the handoff operation control is transmitted, the radio base station control apparatus 101 analyzes which sector cell providing pilot whose strength exceeds the strength of pilot of the sector cell 1 with which the mobile station 103-1 is currently communicating. In this case, since the strength of pilot of the sector cell 2 exceeds the pilot of the sector cell 1, it is determined that the mobile station 103-1 is subjected to perform the handoff operation from the sector cell 1 to the sector cell 2.
Then, the radio base station control apparatus 102 transmits the handoff direction message to the mobile station 103-1 through the radio base station 102 for assigning a communication channel which can be used at the sector cell 2. At this time, the message is transferred to the mobile station 103-1 through the communication channel currently being communicating between the sector cell 1 and the mobile station 103-1. Also, at the same time, the communication channel activating message is transferred from the radio base station control apparatus 101 to the sector cell 2 for activating the communication channel of the sector cell 2 having been assigned to the mobile station 103-1 for the handoff operation
The communication channel of the sector cell 2 is activated in accordance with parameters set in the communication channel activating message, and a transmission power of radio signal for the communication channel at the sector cell 2 is set to the same transmission power of the sector cell 1 or a maximum transmission power.
When the handoff direction message is received by the mobile station 103-1, the communication operation using a newly assigned communication channel is tried. If the trial operation is succeeded, a handoff completion message is transmitted from the mobile station 103-1 to the TRX 110-2 of the sector cell 2 in the radio base station 102.
Here, if two or more communication channels are assigned in the handoff direction message, it means that the soft handoff operation which is the handoff operation without interruption of communication is instructed. In such a case, communication trials are performed for all assigned communication channels, and in the radio base station 102, the handoff completion messages are received in all communication channels for which the communication trial has been succeeded.
When a handoff completion message is received in the radio base station 102, information, in which a sector cell number which has received the message is added to the handoff completion message, is transmitted to the radio base station control apparatus 101. If two sector cells have received the handoff completion message, the two handoff completion messages each having a different sector cell number are transmitted to the radio base station control apparatus 101.
When the handoff completion message is received in the radio base station control apparatus 101, the switching control to connect a voice encoder 104 to a channel encoder (not shown) of the corresponding sector cell is performed in accordance with the sector cell number which has been added to the handoff completion message. If a plurality of handoff completion messages have been transmitted from two sector cells, the switching control to connect the voice encoder 104 to those channel encoders are performed.
However, in the conventional mobile communication cellular system, the above-mentioned flow control is performed each time whenever the handoff operation is carried out. Thus, in the case where the area of each sector cell is small, a number of times of the handoff operation increases and it causes problems such that it requires more control processing capabilities in the radio base station control apparatus than expected and also, it requires more radio signals for message transfer between radio base stations and mobile stations for the handoff operation than expected.

System and method for simplified handoff operation in a cellular mobile communication system


A Zn or part-Zn plated steel sheet has an MgO coating free of metallic Mg thereon which increases corrosion resistance and plating adherence. The MgO coating is formed by coating according to the sol-gel method or by dipping or treating by cathodic electrolysis a Zn or part-Zn plated steel sheet in a molten salt bath mainly containing a magnesium salt.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a Zn-plated or part-Zn plated steel sheet having excellent corrosion resistance and plating adherence, which may be used in car bodies, household electric appliances and buildings. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a plated steel sheet.
2. Description of the Related Art
Zn-plated steel sheets have improved corrosion resistance because of the self-sacrificing corrosion prevention effect of Zn on Fe. This protection against rusting may be enhanced by adding other metals such as Ni, Fe, etc., in the case of part-Zn electroplating, and adding Al, etc., in the case of part-Zn dipping. However, satisfactory corrosion resistance has not yet been obtained.
Recently, Zn--Mg alloy plating has been extensively studied because Mg enhances the rust protection of Zn. Dipping methods employing Mg are disclosed, for example, in Japanese Laid-Open Publications Nos. 56-96036 and 56-123359. However, because the melting point of Mg is much higher than that of Zn (650.degree. C. and 419.degree. C., respectively) and because the eutectic point of Zn and Mg is high, these methods encounter problems in that the amount of Mg which can be added is too small to provide sufficient corrosion resistance. Further, dipping must be performed at such a high temperature that the material properties of the steel sheets are caused to deteriorate;
An electroplating method using Mg is disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 58-144492. Partly because the single electrode potentials of Zn and Mg are far different from each other, this method has not succeeded in providing good plating when the content of Mg exceeds 1 wt %. Thus, the corrosion resistance of the product is not satisfactory.
Evaporation methods are disclosed in Japanese Laid- Open Publications Nos. 64-17851 and 64-17852. Because these methods require high-temperature heat sources and high degrees of vacuum for evaporating Mg, high production costs are inevitable. Also, consistent and even plating layers are hard to obtain by these methods. These problems make it difficult to use these methods on an industrial scale.
Further, Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 62-109966 discloses a method in which a steel sheet is plated with Zn and the surface of the Zn layer is coated with Mg. Because an evaporation method is used to form the Mg layer, this method also increases production costs. Moreover, the method is confronted with another problem in that the adherence between the Zn and the Mg is not satisfactory.
In summary, as described above, if Mg in metallic form is attempted to be used in Zn plating, many problems are encountered.
Alternatively, Mg may be used in the form of the oxide. Oxide coating, e.g. of SiO.sub.2, MgO, ZrO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, formed on the surface of a steel sheet or a plated steel sheet reduces the electric conductivity thereof, which slows the corrosion process, and enhances the wear resistance thereof. Corrosion resistance is thus upgraded.
Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 57-174440 discloses an oxide coating forming method using thermal spraying. However, in products of this method, adherence and workability are not satisfactory. Further, this method tends to produce pinholes.
Other methods employing oxides of Mg are known, such as ion plating as disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 64-65253, or Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 2-254178 in which a complex coating film of metallic Mg and Mg oxide is formed on top of a Zn plated film by evaporation. However, since these methods require high-degree vacuum equipment and high-temperature heat sources in order to evaporate the materials, high production costs result.
Further, Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 55-119157 discloses a method in which an oxide coating is formed by applying a water slurry of oxide particles to a steel sheet and then heat-drying the steel sheet. The oxide coating formed in this method is for one-side blocking in zinc dipping and does not function as a protective coating for a steel sheet with favorable workability and adherence. A further method is known in which an oxide coating is formed as a nonconductive coating for a flat rolled magnetic steel sheet by applying coating compositions to the steel sheet and then heat-drying the steel sheet. Again, the oxide coating in this method is not a protective coating of high corrosion resistance, nor is workability of the oxide coating satisfactory.
Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 1-138389 discloses a Zn--Mg alloy plated steel sheet.
The present invention provides a surface-processed steel sheet having a double plating layer composed of a lower plating layer composed partly of Zn and an upper layer comprising an MgO coating film; the plating layer is formed by cathodic electrolysis in a molten salt containing moisture, oxygen, hydroxide ions and oxygen ions that are actively added.
As described in the prior art, the self-sacrificing corrosion resistance improvement by Zn enhanced by Mg is not satisfactory. Thus, the conventional art has not succeeded in providing a Zn plated or part-Zn plated steel sheet which has good corrosion resistance.

Corrosion resistant Zn or part-Zn plated steel sheet with MgO coating free of Mg


Systems and processes are provided for receiving a request for an audio video program from a display device, transmitting the request for the audio video program via a bidirectional network, receiving the audio video program via the bidirectional network wherein the audio video program is received at a first data rate, transmitting an alternate request for the audio video program via the bidirectional network wherein the alternate request for the audio video program includes are request for the audio video program to be transmitted via a unidirectional wireless transmission, receiving the audio video program via the unidirectional wireless transmission, and transmitting the audio video program to the display device.

The real time presentation of audio video programs, such as via broadcast television, has been an entertainment staple for the better part of a century. Early television broadcast stations in the United States transmitted black and white television programming using the National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard. In 1954 the NTSC introduced a color broadcast format wherein a color information subcarrier was added to the black and white luminance signal. In 2015, NTSC broadcasts were replaced with Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC) digital television broadcasts. Today, audio video programming may be received via over the air broadcast, cable networks, satellite transmission, streaming via the internet or other network connection in many different resolutions and formats.
With all of the different delivery systems for audio video content and all off the separate devices used to view the audio video content, a viewer may have many different methods to receive the same content. However, at various times, certain content delivery systems may become unavailable, such as during adverse weather or during times of heavy usage. This may create a problem in that a preferred user device, such as a mobile smartphone, may not be able to receive all the available signal types and therefore the desired content may not be available to a user on the preferred device. To overcome these problems, it would be desirable to facilitate a method and apparatus for receiving video content while overcoming the aforementioned content delivery problems. Other desirable features and characteristics will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background section.

Method and apparatus for transmission and reception of wireless data


Method and apparatus for a tape measure secured within a formfit holster wherein the holster is attached to the belt of a user and a lanyard connects the tape measure to the housing, so as to prevent the tape measure from being dropped by the user while the tape measure is being used. The holster is formfit to the tape measure so as to tightly hold the tape measure therein by frictionally holding the tape measure therein. The lanyard has one end attached a portion of the holster and a second end attached to a portion of the tape measure wherein the lanyard may also have a coiled portion so as to make the lanyard as short as possible.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to tool accessories and, more particularly, is concerned with a tape measure secured to a belt holster using a lanyard.
2. Description of the Related Art
Devices relevant to the present invention have been described in the related art, however, none of the related art devices disclose the unique features of the present invention.
In U.S. Pat. No. 8,322,586 dated Dec. 4, 2012, Davis disclosed a holster and belt assembly for a box cutter. In U.S. Pat. No. 8,683,710 dated Apr. 1, 2014, Johns disclosed a tape measure tool with lanyard. In U.S. Pat. No. 8,403,132 dated Mar. 26, 2013, Moreau, et al., disclosed a retractable tooling apparatus and tool pouch. In U.S. Patent Application Publication U.S. 2012/0168472 dated Jul. 5, 2012, Mathews disclosed a drop prevention tool holster. In U.S. Patent Application Publication U.S. 2013/0181019 dated Jul. 18, 2013, Salentine, et al., disclosed a pouch or holster coupled with a retracting device. In U.S. Patent Application Publication U.S. 2014/0310969 dated Oct. 23, 2014, Moreau, et al., disclosed a tape measure holder.
While these devices may be suitable for the purposes for which they were designed, they would not be as suitable for the purposes of the present invention as hereinafter described. As will be shown by way of explanation and drawings, the present invention works in a novel manner and differently from the related art.

Method and apparatus for securing a tape measure


A method for detecting and correcting misregistration between a plurality of separations printed by a printing apparatus, comprising: producing a calibration print output on a substrate, the calibration print output including at least one calibration pattern, wherein the at least one calibration pattern translates horizontal misregistration into a detectable indicator of misregistration in a process direction; detecting misregistration; and, performing a fine adjustment of the horizontal position of at least one of the separations using the at least one calibration pattern.

When multicolor information is to be imaged or written, a final compound color is obtained, in general, by superimposing print separations. Each print separation has a different basic color, and the color separation prints are coordinated with and aligned relative to each other. In general, a plurality of dots or patches, each of different basic colors, are printed in a same locality so as to be aligned with or superimposed on each other. Such superposition of print separations gives the impression of a full color image having colors that may be different from the basic colors.
Normally three or four separations are used, each with a basic (process) color, (or optionally, black) in order to obtain a final compound color. In some cases additional color separations are also used. The final compound image is obtained by finely adjusting, through alignment of the system, the position of each separation, to accurately overlay the separation prints. The alignment process and the alignment itself are called registration.
When the separations are printed slightly out of registration, the appearance of an image is slightly impaired. However, if the separations are more than slightly out of registration, the effect will be disturbing to an observer. In particular, the individual edges of objects formed by each one of the separations will separate and the quality of the final multicolor image will be greatly impaired.
WO 00/43206 to Indigo, N. V., the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference, describes an apparatus and method for correcting print separation registration in a printing apparatus or photocopier.

Horizontal color plane registration correction

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


In order to avoid the risk of false alarms by supplementing the pressure and temperature measurements with a particular monitoring of their change over time, there is proposed a method which includes: converting referenced pressure measurements (ΔP) into values of a magnitude calibrated in temperature called converted pressure (ΔPT); monitoring for at least two sampling periods (n1, n2) multiples of a measurement period, the change in a difference called significant (ΔQ) at each measurement moment between the values of the converted pressure (ΔPT) and a referenced temperature (ΔT). The slope (p(n)) of these variations is monitored and signifies either an absence of leakage or an air leakage at a fast or slow rate.

The field of the invention is the monitoring of the state of the tires as a function of the parameters of temperature and of pressure of these tires, in particular in the motor vehicle field. The tire pressure detection systems, known by the name TPMS (the initials of Tire Pressure Monitoring System) or SSPP (the initials for "Système de Surveillance de la Pression des Pneus" (in French)), comprises temperature and pressure sensors located in each tire, for example on the rim, and a central processor unit for processing the data supplied by these sensors by radio transmission.
In the event of leakage, these sensors supply the driver with information on the state of the tires with the aid of a display based on the processing of the data. Alarm means are triggered when this state corresponds to parameter values that go beyond a ceiling or fall below predefined thresholds.
In order to allow the detection of air leakages in a tire, whether they be slow or fast, various techniques for monitoring the pressure of this tire have been developed. It is known for example from patent EP 0 786 361 to monitor the inflation pressure (and/or a characteristic parameter), while safeguarding the pressure-drop measurements in several ways: by comparing the pressure data of several wheels with one another, by measuring the pressure regularly several times over different time periods, and by using a statistical method called "regression lines" calculated on the basis of these measurements. This solution requires long measurement periods and does not use the temperature compensation of the pressure measurements.
It is also known, for example from patent FR 2 871 736, that the detection of air leakages can advantageously be carried out by compensating for the value of the pressure with that of the temperature, and by comparing it with a threshold. This method makes it possible to quickly obtain results but it does not involve noise filtering and the risk of false alarms is thus not eliminated.
Patent FR 2 900 099 furthermore proposes to monitor the temperature-compensated pressure while neutralizing the alarms if the temperature variation per unit of time is less than a threshold value, provided that the pressure remains sufficient. But when the temperature does not vary very much, this approach can generate false alarms.
In general, the methods of the prior art culminate in the appearance of false alarms, despite the improvements made in the speed of detection.

Method for detecting leakage of a vehicle tire


A scroll-type machine is disclosed which incorporates a unique Oldham coupling for preventing relative rotation between the two scroll members while allowing relative orbital motion therebetween. The Oldham coupling is positioned below the end plate of the orbiting scroll member and includes a first pair of keys slidingly engaging slots in the orbiting scroll and a second pair of keys slidingly engaging slots in the non-orbiting scroll. An optional third key may be provided to slidingly engage a slot in the non-rotating bearing housing.

The present invention relates generally to scroll machines and more specifically to unique Oldham couplings for use in such scroll-type machines.
Scroll-type machines typically employ a crankshaft operative to drive one of a pair of scroll members in orbital motion with respect to a second interleaved scroll member. In order to prevent relative rotation between the scroll members, Oldham couplings have normally been employed. The Oldham couplings have taken various forms but generally incorporate two or more pairs of keys, each pair projecting in opposite directions form an annular ring member with one pair engaging slots in the orbiting scroll member and the other pair engaging either slots in the non-orbiting scroll member or a stationary body or bearing housing.
While such Oldham couplings which are operative between the respective scroll members are effective to prevent rotation between these respective scroll members, they present design and/or assembly problems in regards to positioning of the coupling between the scroll members. Alternatively, in other applications, additional support structure and/or increased shell size may be required to support the Oldham coupling radially outwardly of the scroll members.
The use of an Oldham coupling acting between the stationary body and one of the scroll members with the other scroll member being mounted to the stationary body simplifies the above design problems but such an arrangement tends to be more costly in that both scrolls must now be accurately positioned with respect to a third element. This third element must then be provided with precise locating and alignment surfaces for each of the two scroll members in order to insure that the two scroll members are accurately rotationally positioned with respect to each other.
The present invention, however, provides an Oldham coupling which is capable of directly interconnecting the two scroll members so as to effectively prevent relative rotation therebetween while avoiding the potential design problems presented by prior designs and also reducing the number of locating and positioning surfaces required. The present invention provides an Oldham coupling positioned in underlying relationship to the orbiting scroll member with first and second pairs of keys all projecting upwardly therefrom into engagement with the respective scroll members. The positioning of the keys and shape of the coupling combines to enable the two scroll members to be directly interconnected so as to both assure positive precise rotational positioning therebetween and to thereafter prevent relative rotation therebetween in an efficient manner without the need to add additional supporting structure therefor nor the need to increase the overall size of the compressor.
Additional advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the subsequent description and the appended claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.


A helical spline lock for securing an inlet duct to a portion of a combustor body includes a helical spline key having a helical shape defined at least in part by a shape of a combustor body. A first lug is disposed about the combustor body and has a first channel for at least partially receiving and interfacing with the helical spline key. A second lug is disposed about an inlet duct and has a second channel for at least partially receiving and interfacing with the helical spline key. The first lug and the second lug are configured to mate with one another to form a helical keyway from the first and second channels, and the helical spline key is insertable into the keyway to secure the inlet duct to the combustor body.

Often it is desirable to attach an inlet duct to a curved body, such as a curved combustor body. Such couplings are typically secured with fasteners spaced around the entire perimeter of the interface between the inlet duct and the combustor body. This can be desirable to maintain a seal at the interface, for example. In some cases, the configuration of the inlet duct and the combustor body can obscure a portion of the perimeter, such as an inlet duct running parallel and in close proximity to the combustor body. Such a configuration can hinder or prevent assembly of the fasteners from the exterior of the inlet body and combustor body. Volume and pressure constraints can limit the viability of assembling the fasteners from the interior of the inlet body or combustor body.
Reference will now be made to the exemplary embodiments illustrated, and specific language will be used herein to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended.


A shelf comprising a base part (2) and at least one side (3) rigid with said base part, in which to enable the side (3) to be varied in position relative to the base part (2) and to maintain the position assumed, the side (3) and base part (2) are joined together by at least two deformable elements.

This invention relates to a collapsible-sided shelf, in particular of metal or non-metal wires, rods and rod-like elements, particularly for trolleys and fixed support devices.
Shelves of plastic-coated metal wire, rods or rod-like elements are known, to be hooked at different heights to side walls provided or not provided with wheels, to form a trolley or a support device in which these (removable) shelves form a consolidating part of the trolley or device. These shelves comprise a substantially rectangular flat base part plus sides. The sides may form an integral part of the base part, in which case they are rigidly set substantially at 90xc2x0 to the base part which, with the sides, assumes either a U-configuration, or a tray configuration if bounded by four sides. The overall size of such a shelf is considerable, and negatively affects transport and storage costs.
To reduce the overall size of such shelves it has already been proposed to provide them with collapsible sides which can be rotated from a substantially flat position lying on the base part to a position rotated through 90xc2x0 therefrom. For this purpose the sides are provided with a number of rods, wires and rod-like elements shaped approximately as a half-closed hook which by engaging a surrounding rod of the base part enables the sides to be rotated away from and towards this base part.
Although this solution solves the size problem, it has certain drawbacks: the shelf is unstable and therefore also makes the trolley structure unstable; the shelf is uncomfortable to install between the side walls; and fitting the sides to the base part involves relatively complicated manual operations which cannot be automated.
An object of this invention is to provide a shelf provided with at least one side which forms one piece with the base part and can be made to manually assume a plurality of stable angular positions relative to said base part.
A further object of the invention is to provide a trolley or a fixed support structure in which the shelf of the invention is applied.
These and further objects which will be apparent from the ensuing detailed description are attained by a shelf and a trolley or support structure in accordance with the teachings of the accompanying claims.

Metal wire shelf with collapsible sides, particularly for trolleys and the like


A die cavity of a casting die, such as for continuously casting billets, blooms and blanks. The die cavity has a cross-section with a partially curved peripheral line, whereby, with the cavity walls cooled, provides improved heat exchange between a forming strand shell and the die cavity wall, thus avoiding solidification defects in the strand shell. The degree of curvature 1/R is reduced at least on part of the curved peripheral line of the corner regions from peripheral lines of the same corner regions, that are successive in the casting direction, and at least over part of the length of the die, in the concave corner regions of the die cavity, in order to control the targeted closure of the gap between the strand shell and the cooled die cavity, or a targeted strand shell deformation.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a die cavity of a continuous casting die.
2. Description of Related Art
Continuously cast long products are predominantly cast in tubular casting dies with a rectangular, in particular with an approximately square or round cross-section. The billets and blooms are then further processed by rolling or forging.
Uniform heat transfer along the peripheral line of the strand cross-section between the strand being formed and the die cavity wall is of vital significance to the production of continuously cast products, especially of billets and blooms, having good superficial and microstructural quality. Many proposals are known for configuring the die cavity geometry, in particular in the region of the concave corner surfaces of the die cavity, in such a manner that no air gaps occur between the strand shell being formed and the die wall which cause reheating of the strand shell or nonuniform heat transfer along the peripheral line of the strand cross-section.
The corners of the die cavity of tubular casting dies are rounded by concave surfaces. The larger the concave surfaces in the die cavity are made, the more difficult it is to achieve uniform cooling between a strand shell being formed and the casting die walls, in particular over the periphery of the die cavity. The onset of strand solidification just beneath the bath level in the casting die proceeds differently on the straight portions of the die cavity periphery than in the concave surface regions. Heat flow at the straight or substantially straight portions is virtually one-dimensional and obeys the law governing heat transmission through a planar wall. In contrast, heat flow in the rounded corner regions is two-dimensional and obeys the law governing heat transmission through a curved wall.
As it forms, the strand shell is in general initially thicker in the corner regions than on the straight surfaces and begins to shrink earlier and to a greater extent. This means that after only approx. 2 seconds, the strand shell draws away from the die wall in the corner regions and an air gap forms which severely impairs heat transmission. This impairment of heat transmission not only delays further shell growth, but may even result in remelting of already solidified interior layers of the strand shell. This fluctuation in the heat flow (cooling and reheating) leads to strand defects such as superficial and internal lengthwise cracks at the edges or in regions close to the edges, and to defects in shape such as rhomboid deformation, necking etc.
The larger the concave surfaces are made relative to the side length of the strand cross-section, in particular if the radii of the concave surfaces account for 10% and more of the side length of the die cavity cross-section, the greater will be the incidence and extent of the stated strand defects. This is one reason why the concave surface radii are generally limited to 5 to 8 mm, although greater levels of rounding at the strand edges would be advantageous for subsequent rolling.
JP-A-53 011124 discloses a billet casting die for continuous casting with corner radii rounded as concave surfaces. The strand may cool irregularly in such casting dies and strands may be obtained with a diamond-shaped cross-section and corresponding edge defects, such as cracks etc. In order to avoid such strand defects, said document proposes equipping a rectangular casting die cavity with 2 small and 2 large concave corner surfaces. Using these different corner radii of the concave surfaces, it is intended to effect solidification of a strand shell of irregular thickness. It is intended to compensate the delayed solidification in the corners with large radii by enhanced edge cooling in the secondary cooling zone immediately on discharge from the casting die. These measures are intended to result in an unwarped strand cross-section.
JP-A-60 040647 discloses a continuous casting die for a blank. When casting blanks, lengthwise cracks often occur at the transition from the central web to the two end flanges. In the casting die, this transitional part is a convexly rounded edge portion onto which the profile strand shrinks slightly on cooling of the central web. In order to avoid this shrinkage or the formation of cracks, said document proposes providing this convex transitional curve of the casting die with a continuously increasing curvature towards the central web.
JP-A-11 151555 discloses a further casting die for continuously casting billets and blooms. In order to avoid rhombic distortion of the strand cross-section in this casting die too and additionally to increase casting speed, the casting die is provided with specially shaped corner cooling parts at the four corners which are provided with concave surfaces. At the pouring end, these corner cooling parts are circular recesses in the die wall which diminish in the direction of strand travel and, towards the die outlet, reduce to the rounding of the concave corner surface. The degree of curvature of the circular recess increases in the direction of strand travel towards the die outlet. This shape is intended to ensure uninterrupted contact between the corner region of the strand shell and the corner parts of the casting die.

Die cavity of a casting die for continuously casting billets and blooms


A handheld fluid cooled electric solder tweezers. A pair of soldering heads extend from a pair of tweezer members, respectively, and are operatively connected to a cooling apparatus. The cooling apparatus of each tweezer member includes a pair of heat dissipating tubes that travel in an associated tweezer member, with distal ends thereof in fluid communication with an associated soldering head, and with a proximal end of one thereof fluidly communicating with a fluid source. A crossover tube fluidly communicates the proximal end of one tube of one tweezer member with the proximal end of one tube of the other tweezer member. The fluid source is preferably water that enters and flows through one tube of one tweezer member to and through an associated soldering head, then through the other tube of the one tweezer member, then through the crossover tube, then through one tube of the other tweezer member to and through an associated soldering head, then through the other tube of the other tweezer member, and back to the fluid source so as to form a closed loop, and in doing so, cools the pair of tweezer members.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to electric solder tweezers, and more particularly, the present invention relates to handheld fluid cooled electric solder tweezers.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Numerous innovations for handheld soldering devices have been provided in the prior art that will be described. Even though these innovations may be suitable for the specific individual purposes to which they address, however, they differ from the present invention.
A FIRST EXAMPLE, U.S. Pat. No. 5,145,101 to Brown et al. teaches a tweezer-type heating device for installation and removal of electronic components with respect to a substrate, such as for SMC installation and through hole installation or removal. More specifically, a handheld tweezer-type heating device is provided in which a wide variety of different sized (and shaped) tips can be used with a high degree of accuracy in terms of thermo/mechanical contact. Tolerances in the parts of the handpiece, the assembly, the heaters and the tips that may bring the bottom edges of the tips out of their alignment plane are very easily corrected with an adjustable hinge which, by loosening of a screw and sliding the parts with respect to each other, allows proper alignment to be achieved. Still further, a thumb screw is provided at the back of the handpiece to allow the gap between the tips to be slightly opened or closed. This is useful in accommodating tolerances in the components. Also, it allows the operator to slip-fit the tips over the component and make proper thermo/mechanical contact with little or no squeezing of the handpiece, thereby minimizing the chance of mechanically damaging the component or its leads by squeezing too hard, or causing damage to adjacent components. A plate-like alignment tool with projecting tab portions that engages in an edge slot of the tip elements and contacts other surfaces of the tip elements, as well, enables simultaneous aligning of the tip elements axially, laterally and rotationally with respect to each other and the mounting units.
A SECOND EXAMPLE, U.S. Pat. No. 5,182,435 to Wang teaches an electric soldering iron that has an elongated hollow handle casing having a tubular hollow holder extending from one end thereof and supporting a soldering bit heated by an electric heater within the holder. A forked suction pipe is secured to the holder and includes a main pipe having an intake port at one end disposed adjacent to the soldering tip and an outlet port at its other end connected to an induced-draft fan assembly through a flexible air pipe. A branch pipe of the suction pipe extends laterally from the main pipe and has an intake port connected to the interior of the casing through a heat resistant hose. Actuation of the induced-draft fan causes soldering fumes generated at the tip to be drawn into the main pipe and for cooling ambient air to be drawn through the casing from an inlet at its other end to remove excess heat from the casing.
A THIRD EXAMPLE, U.S. Pat. No. 5,796,072 to Okuno teaches an electric soldering iron that is made difficult to heat up at the front end of its grip. A metal pipe is inserted in the grip so that the pipe comes into close contact at least partially with the grip, with a gap formed between the outer peripheral surface of the pipe at its front end and the inner peripheral surface of the grip. The heat produced by the accumulator conducts through the pipe to the grip and disperses throughout the grip. Thus, the front tend of the grip is less likely to heat up.
A FOURTH EXAMPLE, U.S. Pat. No. 5,909,535 to Curwick, et al. teaches a hot air torch for the welding of plastic featuring an air flow around and about the inner portions of tubular members which entrains unwanted internally generated heat prior to the welding tip to provide a torch body which is safe to the touch while at the same time providing suitably heated air at the welding tip. Excess accumulated heat is vented overboard in the vicinity of the welding tip.
A FIFTH EXAMPLE, U.S. Pat. No. 6,750,431 to Miyazaki teaches a tweezer-type hand-held device for removing an electric or electronic component from a substrate that is provided with a pair of contact pieces to be brought into contact with the component to grasp and heat the component and melt solder which fixes the component on the substrate. The contacts are respectively held by a pair of legs which, in turn, are interconnected with each other such that one of the legs moves toward the other with the legs and contact pieces being kept in parallel with each other.
A SIXTH EXAMPLE, U.S. Pat. No. 6,786,386 to Miyazaki teaches a soldering iron that comprises a tip end; a heater portion for electrically heating the tip end of the soldering iron; a holding portion provided at the rear end of the heater portion: a heat pipe structure provided in the holding portion; a first heat pipe holder for holding a frontal portion of the heat pipe structure to which heat generated at the heater portion is transferred; a second heat pipe holder for holding a rear part of the heat pipe structure; and a grip portion placed externally around the first heat pipe holder.
It is apparent that numerous innovations for handheld soldering devices have been provided in the prior art that are adapted to be used. Furthermore, even though these innovations may be suitable for the specific individual purposes to which they address, however, they would not be suitable for the purposes of the present invention as heretofore described.

Handheld fluid cooled electric solder tweezers


A magneto generator can provide a flywheel with a high circularity while reducing man hours in processing the flywheel. A bowl-shaped flywheel has a cylindrical portion and a bottom. A plurality of permanent magnets are arranged on an inner peripheral wall surface of the cylindrical portion. A magnet cover is arranged along inner surfaces of the magnets, bent into a cylindrical shape, and has its opposite ends bonded to each other by a diametrally extending joint portion. A resin material is arranged on an inner side of the flywheel to integrate the magnets and the magnet cover with the flywheel. The flywheel is formed, at the bottom side of the cylindrical portion, with a pair of concave and convex portions arranged in opposition to each other. The joint portion is sandwiched between the concave and convex portions whereby the circumferential positioning of the magnets with respect to the flywheel is performed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a magneto generator which generates electricity under the electromagnetic induction action of permanent magnets and magneto coils in accordance with the rotation of a flywheel.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the past, there has been known a magneto generator in which a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged in a circumferential direction on an inner peripheral wall surface of a bowl-shaped flywheel while being positioned by a plurality of concave and convex portions formed on a cylindrical portion of the flywheel at equal intervals (see, for instance, a first patent document: Japanese patent publication No. H6-81437).
In order to raise the power generation efficiency of the magneto generator, it is necessary to reduce a gap (air gap) between the flywheel and a stator arranged at an inner side of the flywheel as much as possible, and to that end, the flywheel is required to have high roundness or circularity.
In the magneto generator as constructed above, however, the above-mentioned concave and convex portions are formed, for example, by driving a punch to an intermediate portion of the cylindrical portion of the flywheel at four locations spaced apart at equal intervals, and in this case, there arises a problem that the roundness or circularity of the flywheel might be reduced during the punching operation, thus resulting in difficulty in obtaining the flywheel with a high degree of circularity.
In particular, there is a problem that in case where the cylindrical portion of the flywheel, the thickness of which is decreased for reduction in size and weight thereof, is embossed or punched out from outside, it is difficult to provide the flywheel with a predetermined roundness or circularity.


The winch apparatus includes a pair of telescoping support arms mounted at their base ends to brackets secured to an all-terrain vehicle. The mounting brackets provide for pivotal movement of the support arms about mutually perpendicular axes. The opposite ends of the support arms are pivotally connected to a winch support plate. By adjusting the length of the support arms, the winch support plate and winch carried thereby can be directed to one side whereby the handle for operating the winch and the support arms do not interfere with one another during loading and unloading operations.

There are many instances where it is highly desirable to lift substantial loads onto a vehicle for transport to another location and then off-load the vehicle. At times, such loads are at remote locations where there may be only a single individual available for lifting the load onto the vehicle or off-loading the vehicle. For example, hunting areas are typically at remote locations and it is oftentimes very difficult to lift game such as deer, hogs, antelopes and the like onto a vehicle by a single hunter or even a pair of hunters for transport to another location. Frequently, all-terrain vehicles are used for this purpose because of their capability to access remote locations. However, even all-terrain vehicles require one or more individuals to lift the game onto a support rack or basket carried by the vehicle and oftentimes this cannot be accomplished by a single or even a pair of hunters.
The present invention minimizes or eliminates the foregoing and other problems associated with lifting loads such as game onto a vehicle for transport and particularly provides a portable winching apparatus which can be readily and easily releasably mounted on a vehicle such as an all-terrain vehicle and later easily removed from the vehicle. In a preferred form of the present invention, there is provided a pair of support arms and associated brackets for mounting the lifting arms on structural support members carried by the vehicle. The brackets, support arms and associated winching apparatus may be carried on or in the vehicle for setup at the remote location. At that site, the brackets are fastened to the vehicle support members and the support arms are pivotally connected to the mounting brackets. The opposite ends of the arms are pivotally connected to a winch mounting element, e.g., a plate, the opposite side of which carries a winch. The winch is conventional and includes a reel mounted to the mounting plate for rotation about an axis, a lifting line about the reel terminating in a hook, and a handle for rotating the reel. Various ancillary parts are also provided on the winch, for example, a ratchet mechanism including a pawl to catch the reel under load conditions and maintain the load at a certain elevation. A chain is also provided for securement between the winch mounting plate and another part of the vehicle such that winch can be disposed over the load to be lifted. The support arms are preferably telescopic and thus can be disposed in adjusted lengthwise positions.
While the present invention is not limited to all-terrain vehicles, it is particularly useful with such ATV's. An ATV typically has either a basket at the rear end of the vehicle or a tubing rack. The present invention is useful with either the basket or tubing rack. Particularly, two sets of mounting brackets are provided depending upon whether the winch is to be mounted to the basket or to the tubing rack. Basically, however, both brackets are in the form of plates which are clamped to a basket support frame or tubing. A sleeve is carried by one of the plates and has a cylindrical opening for receiving a cylindrical rod. The rod in the sleeve is therefore pivotal about a generally vertical axis. Base ends of the support arms are bifurcated and extend about opposite sides of the rod. The bifurcated base of each support arm is pinned to the upstanding rod for pivotal movement about a generally horizontal axis. Thus, the mounting brackets in both cases afford pivotal movement of the support arms about mutually perpendicular axes. Where the all-terrain vehicle employs a basket, the mounting bracket plates are clamped on opposite sides of the square support tubing of the basket. Where the all-terrain vehicle has a tubing rack, the plates are mounted above and below an adjacent pair of generally cylindrical tubing members.
In a preferred form of the present invention, the opposite ends of the support arms are secured to the winch mounting plate for pivotal movement about side by side, generally vertical discrete axes. The chain is then connected between the winch support plate and the vehicle such that the chain and support arms support the winch over the load. The winch may also be directed to one side of the support arms, i.e., lies askew relative to the support arms by selective adjustment of the length of the support arms. In that position, neither support arm interferes with the rotation of the winch handle. At the site, the winch is located over the load and the line is attached to the load, e.g., by use of the hook. The load can then be lifted by operating the winch. Once lifted to the required elevation, the load can be disposed over and transferred to the basket or tube rack on the all-terrain vehicle. Once the load is supported by the vehicle per se, the winching apparatus can be dismantled from the vehicle for later use or remain on the vehicle for off-loading purposes.
In a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, there is provided apparatus mountable on a vehicle for lifting loads comprising a pair of elongated support arms, a pair of mounting brackets for attachment to the vehicle, each support arm being pivotally mounted at one end to a respective mounting bracket for pivotal movement about generally perpendicular axes, a winch having a lifting line, a reel for the lifting line and carried for rotation about an axis and a handle for rotating the reel about the axis, a mounting element for carrying the winch and a discrete pivotal connection between an end of each support arm opposite one end and the mounting element enabling the winch and the mounting element to be directed to opposite sides of the arms.
In a further preferred embodiment according to the present invention, there is provided in a combination with an all-terrain vehicle having a body, wheels on the body and an engine carried by the body and a pair of fixed structural support members, a winching apparatus comprising a pair of elongated support arms, a pair of mounting brackets for securement to the structural support members carried by the vehicle, each support arm being pivotally mounted at one end to a respective mounting bracket for pivotal movement about generally perpendicular axes, a winch having a lifting line, a reel for the lifting line and carried for rotation about an axis and a handle for rotating the reel about the axis, a mounting element for carrying the winch, and discrete pivotal connections between opposite ends of the support arms from one end and the mounting element enabling the winch and the mounting elements to be directed to opposite sides of the arms.
Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved winching apparatus for lifting loads onto and off a vehicle, particularly an all-terrain vehicle.

Winching apparatus for all-terrain vehicle


Techniques for spoofing an imaging device adapted for reading data from an electrical storage device to determine a volume of ink in an ink container include providing a replacement electrical storage device for use with the ink container, the replacement electrical storage device comprising memory locations; and responding, by the replacement electrical storage device, to reads of memory locations of the replacement electrical storage device by returning data to the imaging device which causes the imaging device to calculate an inaccurate initial volume of ink stored in the ink container.

The present invention generally relates to imaging systems, and more particularly to apparatus and techniques for spoofing an imaging device.
One typical prior art ink-jet printing system includes a printer having a printhead and a replaceable ink container. The printhead receives a supply of ink from the replaceable ink container and, under the control of the printer, deposits or ejects drops of ink onto the print media to form images and text. The replaceable ink container may include an electrical storage device readable by the printer. The electrical storage device may store an ink scale parameter identifying an ink container volume range from a plurality of volume ranges. The electrical storage device may also store a fill proportion parameter identifying the proportion of the selected ink container volume range that represents the ink volume associated with the replaceable ink container. After reading the ink scale parameter and the fill proportion parameter from the electrical storage device, the printer determines the initial ink volume held in the replaceable ink container using these two parameters.

Method and apparatus for spoofing imaging devices


A natural gamma tag marking materials for sub or permanent markers used in gamma logging operations, such natural gamma materials having a gamma count of between 200 and 1000 counts per second. The instant invention further discloses a typical Sub, for insertion in a drilling operation, utilizing natural gamma element compounds which are considered to be non-hazardous and effective as tag markers when used in wire-line logging operations.

Radioactive tag markers utilized in a drilling operation are by no means new. However, they have evolved over the years, from permanent markers placed in the casing or tubing, to cobalt pellets implanted into a drilling tube sub. These reference markers are necessary to provide an exact known location for perforating and other such down-hole operations.
Although each joint of drill pipe or tubing is measured prior to insertion in the bore hole, even small measurement errors and coupling differences become cumulative over the hundreds of joints of pipe used in the string, resulting in errors of several feet in some cases. Stretch and bounce in the wire-line while logging the well also plays a large role in drilling tool location error. Therefore, it has been the accepted practice to provide a highly radioactive substance as a detectable tag-marker referencing source, located in the near vicinity of the tool joint. Thus, when the initial subsurface formation log is compared to a through tubing wire-line log, for any given well, in which a tag marking reference source has been placed near the tool joint, a high gamma count spike is detectable and can be accurately located utilizing the standard API gamma ray tubing collar locator scale.
It has been assumed in the past that the radioactive tag marker reference source must have a high gamma count to overcome the natural gamma radiation being emitted by the surrounding subsurface formations. Therefore, high gamma count elements such as cobalt with gamma counts in excess of 3600 counts/sec. are currently being used. High radiation elements, when used in well logging operations, are highly controlled by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Department of Transportation and various environmental agencies, both Federal and State. Personnel must be highly trained and a paper trail must be maintained at all times for the handling of such materials to minimize human exposure to radiation. A license must also be acquired and maintained for each state through which the material passes and expensive equipment must be utilized in the handling and detection process. The necessary equipment cannot be transported quickly by air, if at all, due to these time consuming restrictions.
Accordingly, a gamma ray tag marker that can be detected by the wire-line logging operation that does not exhibit the draw-backs here above mentioned is disclosed. Namely, a less hazardous substance that can be handle without risk to personnel was developed and disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,285,065. However, it has since been found that smaller quantities of the natural gamma ray substances may be used for gamma counts of between 200–1000 gamma counts/sec. than first thought possible. Thereby allowing for less complicated tag marking with greater safety at less expense.

Natural gamma ray logging sub method and apparatus


A compact sized integrated quadband antenna for portable devices used in wireless applications is provided to provide wireless wide area network quadband coverage for world wide applications. The antenna design includes a combination of F-shaped and variations of L-shaped metal pieces. The F-shaped and variations of L-shaped metal pieces are provided on a double-sided printed circuit board. The F-shaped metal piece covers 800 MHz and 900 MHz bands. Two variations of L-shaped metal pieces are provided, whereby the two variations produce two resonants in the 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz bands. The two variations of L-shaped metal pieces are provided inside the F-shaped metal piece. The laptop display frame or the metal display supporters are used as part of the antenna, the display frame or the metal display supporters providing the ground plane to the antenna design.

In wireless communication, antennas may be used to provide wireless connectivity between a portable device, such as a laptop computer, and other portable devices, peripherals, or communication devices. In a portable laptop computer, the antenna may be located either external to the computer or integrated within the computer.
FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a laptop computer which includes an antenna located external to the computer. In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the laptop computer 100 includes a monopole-like antenna 110 or 122. As shown in FIG. 1, the monopole-like antenna 110 may be located at the top of a display unit 150 of the laptop computer 100. Alternatively, the monopole-like antenna 122 may be located on a PC card 120.
FIG. 2 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a laptop computer which includes onr or more antennas integrally built, or embedded, within the computer. As shown in FIG. 2, the laptop computer 200 includes one or more antennas 210, 220, 230, such as whip-like or slot embedded antennas, embedded in a laptop display 250. In one exemplary embodiment, two embedded antennas 210, 220 may be placed on the left and right edges of the laptop display 250, respectively, whereby the use of the two antennas 210 and 220 may reduce the blockage caused by the laptop display 250 in some directions that occurs in one antenna designs, and provide space diversity to the wireless communication system. Alternatively, one of the antennas 210 or 220 may be disposed on one side of the laptop display 250 while a second antenna 230 is disposed in an upper portion of the laptop display 250, whereby providing antenna polarization diversity, depending on the antenna design used.


The present disclosure provides a frame scanning pixel display driving unit and a driving method thereof, and a display apparatus. The frame scanning pixel display driving unit includes: a driving control module for receiving a first frame data signal, and controlling the driving transistor to drive the pixel to display based on the first frame data signal; a data writing module for receiving and latch the second frame data signal when the driving transistor drives the pixel to display based on the first frame data signal, and transmitting the second frame data signal to the driving control module after the displaying of the first frame data signal is completed. The present disclosure enables a frame scanning display mode, and can reduce the power consumption during the signal writing phase and effectively reduce the power consumption of the panel display.

Currently in a field of display technology, a panel displaying is usually implemented by employing a line scanning method. However, the line scanning display method may have a high power consumption and cause a flickering problem in a produced display apparatus. Therefore, in the prior art, a liquid crystal display (LCD) may use a new frame scanning control method to implement the display.
However, a technique for the current LCDs that employ the frame scanning control method has not yet been maturely researched, and has defects such as complicated structures. For example, thin film transistors (TFTs) for controlling light-emitting of pixels are in a turned off state so that the light-emitting elements cannot emit light all the while when signals are written in; and the TFTs can be turned on only after all the signals for a frame have been written in. Therefore, for a frame, most of the time is spent on a signal writing-in phase, so there is only a little time for the actual light-emitting, and accordingly the panel display is negatively affected and the power consumption is not reduced significantly.

Frame scanning pixel display driving unit and driving method thereof, display apparatus


A power transmitting apparatus for a vehicle, includes a variable connecting device, an input device, a speed output device having first and second synchronizer modules, and a reverse speed device. An even-numbered highest speed gear is disposed at one of synchronizer modules related to even-numbered speeds among the synchronizer modules. An odd-numbered highest speed gear is disposed at one of synchronizer modules related to odd-numbered speeds among the synchronizer module.

Environmentally-friendly technique of vehicles is very important technique on which survival of future motor industry may be dependent. Vehicle makers are focusing on development of environmentally-friendly vehicles so as to meet environment and fuel consumption regulations.
Some examples of future vehicle techniques include an electric vehicle (EV) and a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) that use electrical energy, and a double clutch transmission (DCT) that improves efficiency and convenience.
The DCT includes two clutch devices and a gear train applied to a manual transmission. The DCT selectively transmits torque input from a power source to two input shafts by using two clutches, changes a speed by using the gear train, and outputs the changed torque.
Such a DCT is used to realize a compact transmission having more than five forward speeds. Since two clutches and synchronizing devices are controlled by a controller according to the DCT, manual shift maneuver is unnecessary for controlling the DCT. Therefore, the DCT is one type of automated manual transmissions (AMT).
The DCT, compared with an automatic transmission using planetary gear sets, has excellent power delivery efficiency, and change and addition of components are very easy in the DCT. Therefore, the DCT can meet fuel consumption regulations, and multi-speeds efficiency may be improved.
The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the inventive concept and may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known.

Power transmitting apparatus for vehicle


Disclosed herein is a method of operating display systems with reduction of the warm-up time of an arc lamp in the event of an accidental or unintentional turn-off.

Projection displays are increasingly being used for television applications. Generally, projection displays comprise a light source, filters for separating the light from the light source into colors, one or more spatial light modulators (this can be, for example, one or more liquid crystal arrays or micromirror arrays), and projection optics for projecting an image from the array(s) onto a target. Light sources for such projection displays are often arc lamps which require a period of time (often on the order of minutes) to warm up. As set forth in "UHP Lamps for Projection Systems" by Pekarski et al. (Philips Research Laboratories), incorporated herein by reference, the physics of lamps such as UHP (ultra high performance) lamps is such that a time period is required for the lamp to turn on, once such a lamp is turned off. Such warm up time can be an annoyance to a viewer of a projection television—particularly if the television is accidentally turned off.
The spatial light modulator can be one such as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,046,840 to Huibers or U.S. Pat. No. 6,523,961 to Ilkov et al., which spatial light modulator can be addressed such as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,388,661 to Richards, each of these being incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Multi-step turn off mode for projection display


When plural copy groups including pairs exist, remote copying for pairs belonging to copy groups is suspended selectively on a copy group-to-copy group basis, instead of suspending remote copying in all the copy groups at once. A computer system has a host computer, plural first storage systems comprising plural first logical disks, and plural second storage systems comprising plural second logical disks. A first logical disk and a second logical disk paired with the first logical disk, and each pair belongs to either a first copy group or a second copy group. To selectively suspend remote copying on a copy group-to-copy group basis, one of the copy groups is specified first and then pairs belonging to this copy group are designated. The first storage systems comprising first logical disks of the designated pairs suspend remote copy processing for the designated pairs.

This invention relates to a computer system that includes a storage system, and more specifically, to a remote copying system in which data is copied between two or more storage systems.
In a computer system having a storage system, a failure in the storage system upon a disaster such as power trouble or natural calamity may stop a business that uses the computer system, and in the worst case, may cause loss of data stored in the storage system. One of techniques that can be used to avoid such a situation is remote copying with which data stored in a storage system on a primary site (the location where a computer system is set up) is transferred to a remote site (secondary site) placed at a great distance from the primary site to hold a storage system, and is copied to be stored in the storage system on the secondary site.
Remote copying is a technique of transferring write data, that is written in a storage system of the primary site from a host computer included in the computer system of the primary site, to a storage system of the secondary site to store the data in the storage system of the secondary site. There are two types of remote copying; one is synchronous remote copying and the other is asynchronous remote copying.
In synchronous remote copying, when a host sends a write command to a storage system of the primary site (primary storage system), the primary storage system first transfers write data to a storage system of the secondary site (secondary storage system) and then sends a write completion report in response to the write command to the host of the primary site.
In asynchronous remote copying, when the host sends a write command to the primary storage system, the primary storage system first sends a write completion report in response to the write command to the host, and then transfers the write data to the secondary storage system.
A logical disk set in the primary storage system is hereinafter referred to as a primary logical disk. A logical disk set in the secondary storage system to store a copy of data in the primary logical disk through remote copying is hereinafter referred to as secondary logical disk.
When a failure occurs in the computer system on the primary site, the host on the secondary site uses data stored in the secondary logical disk of the secondary storage system to resume processing by an application program. In order for the host of the secondary site to use the secondary logical disk to resume processing by an application program, it is indispensable that the secondary logical disk keeps consistency. The consistency here is a concept regarding the order of data written to a logical disk, and is considered to be achieved when the following two conditions are fulfilled:
(1) In the case where a host writes first data A and next data B to a logical disk while keeping their order intact, the host first writes the data A to a storage system and then has to wait to receive a report of completion of wiring the data A from the storage system before writing the data B to the storage system.
(2) In the case where the condition (1) is satisfied, a part or the entirety of the data B exists on the logical disk only when the entirety of the data A is on the logical disk.
In asynchronous remote copying, the primary storage system gives order information (for examlpe sequential number) to write data received from a host and transfers the write data with the sequential number attached to the secondary storage system. The secondary storage system stores data in the secondary logical disk in an order dictated by the sequential number, to thereby maintain the consistency in the secondary logical disk. Another conceivable method to maintain the consistency in the secondary logical disks in asynchronous remote copying is to group data that are written to the primary logical disk within a given period into one, and have the primary storage system atomically transfer the group of data to the secondary storage system, where the group of data is copied to the secondary logical disk. Still another way is to employ a method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,408,370 B.
Synchronous remote copying, on the other hand, finds it difficult to maintain data consistency between plural pairs of primary logical disks and secondary logical disks when the pairs are allowed to control suspend and start (or restart) copying individually.
For instance, consider a case where a pair A and a pair B are set across the primary site and the secondary site, and remote copying for the pair A is suspended because of a communication error between the primary logical disk and the secondary logical disk. Then assume that the data B is written to the primary logical disk of the pair B after the data A is written to the primary logical disk of the pair A by a host of the primary site. Since remote copying is suspended for the pair A due to the communication error, the primary storage system having the primary logical disk of the pair A sends, upon receiving the data A from the host of the primary site, a write completion report to the host of the primary site without sending the data A to the secondary storage system. Receiving the completion report, the host of the primary site then writes the data B to the primary storage system having the primary logical disk of the pair B. Since remote copying is available for the pair B, the primary storage system sends the received data B to the secondary storage system and then sends a write completion report to the host of the primary site. As a result, the secondary logical disk of the pair B stores the data B whereas the secondary logical disk of the pair A does not store the data A, disrupting the consistency between the secondary logical disks of the pair A and the pair B.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,692,155B discloses a method to solve this problem. According to this method, the consistency between secondary logical disks is ensured by the following steps:
(1) A host instructs plural pairs that pause processing of writing data from the host to the primary logical disks of each pair.
(2) Upon receiving the instruction from the host, the primary storage system executes writing of data that is received from the host prior to the instruction, while sending a busy signal in response to a write request that is received from the host after the instruction.
(3) The host further instructs every pairs to suspend remote copying. Upon receiving this instruction, the primary storage system suspends remote copy processing.

Remote copying system with consistency guaranteed between a pair


An improved terminal post assembly for low resistance high conductivity, lead/acid batteries in which the conventional cast lead connector which connects the battery post with the terminal has been replaced by a prefabricated connector formed of a material having a non-lead content of greater than 50% and a melting temperature of greater than 450xc2x0 F.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to low resistance, high conductivity lead/acid batteries such as those particularly suited for the demands of aircraft battery applications, and which draw currents of 1000 amperes or more.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
The present invention is primarily intended for and will be described in conjunction with a lead-acid aircraft battery. Many aircraft batteries must meet rigorous military performance specifications. For example Military Specification MIL-B-8565J details the performance requirements for 24 volt, 30 ampere-hour batteries used for aircraft starting. These specifications require the batteries to output a specified voltage under a variety of loads and environmental conditions. The testing results in extremely high amperage drains on the batteries for extended periods of time. Known lead terminal connector assemblies have relatively high levels of electrical resistance because of their lead content and, thus, tend to heat up during the testing. In high power usage situations (greater than 1000 amperes.), the heat generated during the testing can cause the temperature of the battery terminal assemblies to rise approximately 350xc2x0 F. in a short period of time. Some Lead alloys have a melting temperature of approximately 350xc2x0 F. On warm days the heat load is sometimes sufficient to melt conventional lead alloy terminal connector components causing battery failures.
External terminals for the battery are generally molded into a rather large lead plug which includes an opening in one end thereof for receiving an electrode post. The terminal is connected to the post through the lead member by melting the lead of the post and the lug together.
Some types of batteries include a wall upstanding from the cover forms a well which surrounds the opening in the cover through which the electrode post extends. The lead casting is placed around the electrode post within the aforementioned well and the two lead pieces are welded or soldered together with the lead melting and generally filling the well. This lead casting gives a high electrical resistance between the terminal and the post. The instantaneous peak power or current carrying capability is therefore diminished from what the battery is theoretically capable of producing.
Further, the lead castings (2 for each battery) provide an additional 4 ounces of weight to the battery. This extra weight is important, particularly in aircraft batteries.
In my earlier application, Serial No 08/902669, filed Jul. 30, 1997, now U. S. Patent No. 6,001,506, I described a non-lead connector which provided light weight and creep resistance, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Thus, there remains a need for a new and improved terminal post assembly for low resistance, high conductivity, lead/acid batteries which has increased current carrying capacity. Further, the terminal post assembly should be capable of withstanding the heat load described above without any melting of the terminal components.
The present invention is directed to a low resistance high conductivity battery terminal particularly adapted for aircraft use. The term xe2x80x9clow resistance, high conductivity batteryxe2x80x9d as used herein is meant to include batteries that draw 1000 amperes or more.
This aspect of the invention is met by forming the connector of a conductive material having a non-lead content of greater than 50% and a melting temperature of greater than 450xc2x0 F. Such conductive materials include, by way of example, copper, brass, bronze, copper-nickel alloys, tellurium-copper alloys, beryllium-copper alloys, and similar materials. Materials such as copper exhibit a melting temperature in the range of 750xc2x0 F.
The connector may be formed entirely of the non-lead material, be formed by providing an insert of non-lead material imbedded in the lead connector, or be formed by use of a non-lead heat sink.
These and other aspects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art after a reading of the following description of the preferred embodiment when considered with the drawings.

Low resistance high conductivity battery terminal


The present invention relates to enantiomerically pure compounds of formula 1

Betamimetics (β-adrenergic substances) are known from the prior art. In this respect reference may be made for example to the disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 4,341,778 which proposes betamimetics for the treatment of a wide range of ailments.
For drug treatment of diseases it is often desirable to prepare medicaments with a longer duration of activity. As a rule, this ensures that the concentration of the active substance in the body needed to achieve the therapeutic effect is maintained for a longer period without the need to re-administer the drug at frequent intervals. Moreover, giving an active substance at longer time intervals contributes to the well-being of the patient to a high degree.
It is particularly desirable to prepare a pharmaceutical composition which can be used therapeutically by administration once a day (single dose). The use of a drug once a day has the advantage that the patient can become accustomed relatively quickly to regularly taking the drug at certain times of the day.
The aim of the present invention is therefore to provide betamimetics which on the one hand provide a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of respiratory complaints and are also characterised by a longer duration of activity and can thus be used to prepare pharmaceutical compositions with a longer duration of activity. A particular aim of the invention is to prepare betamimetics which, by virtue of their long-lasting effect, can be used to prepare a drug for the treatment of asthma for administration once a day. In addition to these aims, a further objective of the invention is to provide such betamimetics which are not only exceptionally potent but are also characterised by a high degree of selectivity with respect to the β2-adreno-receptor. A further aim of the present invention is to provide betamimetics which by virtue of their physicochemical properties can be used especially for the preparation of pharmaceutical formulations that are particularly suitable for use by inhalation. In particular, the present invention sets out to provide betamimetics which in addition to having the above-mentioned properties are also particularly suitable for the production of inhalable powders and suspension aerosols.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Enantiomerically pure beta agonists, manufacturing and use thereof

Abstract: wherein the groups R1, R2, R3, m and Ym− may have the meanings given in the claims and specification, processes for preparing them and their use as medicaments, particularly as medicaments for the treatment of respiratory complaints.


A retainer tie system 10 and method including a wall tie 120 having on the lower side 126 of the wall tie 120 triangular-shaped grooves 140, and a lip 150; a block tie 220 including a first and a second ridge 240, 242 on the upper side 224 of the block tie 220 such that the block tie 220 may fit across a deadman tie 320; and the deadman tie 320 including triangular-shaped tongues 340 on the upper side 120 of the deadman tie 320 for assembling a straight, concave, or convex interlocking retainer wall; and a forward and an aft ridge 350, 352 disposed on the upper side 324 of the deadman tie 320 for interlocking the deadman tie 320 with the block tie 220.

There is a need for retainer ties for construction of retainer walls such that the ties are large enough to be used with light equipment without the intensity of many man-hours of hand stacking numerous small blocks for building retainer walls. It would also be desirable for the ties to be interlocking with the capability for assembling straight, concave, and convex walls with different types of corners for different requirements. It would further be desirable to have locking ties that will anchor and give stability to the retainer wall without the use of geosynthetic reinforced methods.


Systems and methods are provided for reducing error in data compression and decompression when data is transmitted over low bandwidth communication links, such as satellite links. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for variable block size compression for gridded data, efficiently storing null values in gridded data, and eliminating growth of error in compressed time series data.

Many data sets include large amounts of data that is compressed before it is processed to make computation easier. Further, some data sets are transmitted over low bandwidth links, such as satellites, that require data compression for transmission. Systems and methods are needed to compress large data sets in an efficient way while minimizing error in data compression and/or decompression.
Features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which like reference characters identify corresponding elements throughout. In the drawings, like reference numbers generally indicate identical, functionally similar, and/or structurally similar elements. The drawing in which an element first appears is indicated by the leftmost digit(s) in the corresponding reference number.

The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


Disclosed is equipment for measuring a silicon concentration in a phosphoric acid solution under use as an etching solution during operation of a semiconductor substrate processing system. The equipment is provided with at least a reaction tank and a concentration-measuring tank. The reaction tank includes a reaction unit for adding hydrofluoric acid to a predetermined constant amount of the phosphoric acid solution drawn out of the semiconductor substrate processing system to form a silicon fluoride compound and then causing the silicon fluoride compound to evaporate. The concentration-measuring tank comprises a hydrolysis unit for bubbling the silicon fluoride compound, which has evaporated from the reaction tank, through deionized water to hydrolyze the silicon fluoride compound and a measurement unit for determining a change rate of silicon concentration in the deionized water subsequent to the bubbling. Also disclosed is a method for measuring a silicon concentration in a phosphoric acid solution under recirculation and use as an etching solution in a semiconductor substrate processing system in operation.

Upon removing a silicon compound film from a semiconductor silicon substrate in an etching system, the silicon compound film is generally subjected to etching with a phosphoric acid solution of high temperature and high concentration. The etching solution (phosphoric acid solution) employed in the above-described etching has been recirculated and used many times. After each etching, the silicon component remains as a nonvolatile silicon compound in the phosphoric acid solution, and under this condition, the next etching is conducted. The concentration of silicon contained as the silicon compound in the phosphoric acid solution, therefore, varies in every etching. As a result of such variations in the concentration of silicon in the etching solution, changes take place in the etch characteristics of silicon compound films to be etched as will be described below.
Firstly, an increase in the concentration of silicon in a phosphoric acid solution leads to a reduction in the etch rate of a silicon compound film. With a view to inhibiting such a reduction in etch rate, it has been proposed to have a solute (silicon component) in a phosphoric acid solution, which is under use for etching, collectively precipitated so that the life of the phosphoric acid solution can be prolonged (for example, JP-A-2002-299313 and JP-A-11-293479).
According to an investigation by the present inventors, the above-described reduction in etch rate has been found to substantially differ in percent reduction depending on the silicon compound of the silicon compound film to be etched. Comparing a silicon nitride film with a silicon oxide film, for example, there is a difference as will be described below. When the concentration of silicon in a phosphoric acid solution increases from 0 ppm to 50 ppm under given etching conditions, the etch rate of the silicon oxide film is reduced significantly by 75 to 85% as opposed to the percent reduction of the etch rate of the silicon nitride film which is as little as 10 to 20% or so. It is, therefore, very important for uniform etching to accurately grasp the concentration of silicon in a phosphoric acid solution, which is under use as an etching solution in an etching system, and to control the concentration of silicon.
A control method, which has conventionally been applied to a phosphoric acid solution under use in an etching system in operation, is to periodically replace the recirculated and used phosphoric acid solution lot by lot. Namely, the phosphoric acid solution is periodically replaced to prevent the concentration of silicon in the phosphoric acid solution, which is to be used for etching, from exceeding a tolerance. However, the solution life which is relied upon in the above control method has been derived from a rule of thumb, so that control in real sense, specifically the control of silicon concentration in a phosphoric acid solution under use for etching is not performed.
The above-described etching process is conducted with a phosphoric acid solution which does not contain much silicon. In contrast to this etching process, there is also an etching process in which with a view to making an improvement in the etch selectivity in the etching of a multilayer film, a wafer with a silicon compound film formed thereon is used to deliberately dissolve silicon in an etching solution and etching is then conducted in the phosphoric acid solution with silicon included therein beforehand. Similar to the above-described control method, the control of the life of the etching solution also relies upon a rule of thumb in this etching process. In this etching process, the concentration at which silicon is dissolved in the phosphoric acid solution beforehand is achieved by dissolving, in the above-described manner, silicon in the phosphoric acid solution under conditions derived from experiences. In other words, this etching process is not performed either while controlling whether or not a desired amount of silicon is actually dissolved in the phosphoric acid solution under use.
If the concentration of silicon is successively measured in a phosphoric acid solution under recirculation and use in an etching step of a silicon compound film with the phosphoric acid solution, control of the silicon concentration in a phosphoric acid solution, in real sense, becomes feasible. Further, the control of the concentration of silicon actually contained in the phosphoric acid solution under use as an etching solution directly leads to the control of etch rate and etch selectively as described above.
Under the current circumstances, however, the control of the life of a phosphoric acid solution (the control of the concentration of silicon in a phosphoric acid solution) is solely performed under a rule of thumb as descried above. This is attributed to the existence of no known method or equipment for the measurement of the concentration of silicon contained in a phosphoric acid solution under recirculation and use, which can be used online for (in other words, can be used for automated control of) an etching system that subjects a silicon compound film, which is formed on a semiconductor silicon substrate, to etching with the phosphoric acid solution at high temperature. A description will hereinafter be made about the current circumstances.
Methods, which are commonly employed upon performing an analysis of the concentration of silicon in a phosphoric acid solution, include ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy) based on JIS-K0116 and spectral analysis methods such as an atomic absorption analysis based on JIS-K0121. The use of these analytical methods permits precise analyses at very high accuracy.
Adoption of such a method, however, requires an emitter for making an analysis target emit light, a spectrometer for dispersing the light, a detector for detecting the thus-dispersed light, and the like, and therefore, requires a complex and large etching system. Moreover, the phosphoric acid solution under use as an etching solution in the etching system, said phosphoric acid solution being a measurement target, is high in concentration and also high in temperature. For the application of such an analytical method as described above, it is necessary to conduct pretreatment of a measurement sample before the measurement such as cooling it down to around room temperature and subsequently diluting the same. It is, therefore, very difficult to incorporate such analysis equipment in an etching system and to perform measurement continuously (with time). Moreover, such analysis equipment is costly not only in its own price but also in its maintenance. There is, accordingly, a problem in this respect too.

Equipment and method for measuring silicon concentration in phosphoric acid solution


A nonocclusive drug delivery device includes (a) an open cell, flexible, oleophilic thermoplastic resin foam layer, (b) a substantially moisture vapor permeable, liquid impermeable, flexible thermoplastic barrier layer bonded to the upper surface of the foam layer, (c) a pressure sensitive adhesive layer and (d) a drug composition comprising a drug and an oleophilic drug delivery vehicle.

This invention relates to a nonocclusive drug delivery device and to a method for its manufacture.
One known type of transdermal drug delivery device, also variously referred to as a medical bandage, treatment pad, drug patch, etc., includes a drug depot, or reservoir, in the form of a drug-storing matrix or carrier and an adhesive for attaching or securing the device to a surface of unbroken skin.
In one particular type of construction, a known drug delivery device is provided as a laminate of a thermoplastic microcellular foam layer carrying a measured quantity of drug or drug-containing composition, the upper surface of the foam layer being bonded to a thermoplastic film barrier layer and its lower surface possessing a contact adhesive. It has been found that a drug delivery device of this general construction may be liable to one or more drawbacks which preclude its effective use and practical acceptance. For example, unless the peel strength of the device is significantly less than the strength of the bond between the foam and barrier layers, on peeling the device from the skin, separation (i.e, delamination) of the foam and barrier layers may occur with portions of foam continuing to adhere to the skin. Another problem can arise when, due to the physicochemical nature of the foam and the drug or drug-containing composition, the latter migrates into the adhesive thereby impairing the strength of the bond by which the device is held to the skin.

Nonocclusive drug delivery device and process for its manufacture