A superconductor bulk magnet magnetizing method providing a more homogenous trapped magnetic field includes: placing the bulk magnet inside a charger bore of an electrical charger magnet; placing a field correction unit inside a superconductor bore of the bulk magnet; applying an electrical current (I0) to the charger magnet, to generate an externally applied magnetic field, wherein a temperature Tbulk of the bulk magnet exceeds a bulk magnet critical temperature Tc; applying an auxiliary electrical current (I1, . . . ) to the field correction unit, thus generating an auxiliary magnetic field applied to the bulk magnet from within the superconductor bore, wherein Tbulk>Tc; lowering Tbulk below Tc; turning off the electrical current at the charger magnet, wherein Tbulk<Tc, and turning off the auxiliary electrical current at the field correction unit, wherein Tbulk<Tc; and removing the bulk magnet from the charger bore while Tbulk<Tc.

Such a method is known from U.S. Pat. No. 7,859,374 B2.
Superconductors may carry an electrical current at practically no ohmic losses. Superconductors are, for example, used to generate magnetic fields of high strength, in particular for use in nuclear magnetic resonance (=NMR) applications. Superconductors have to be exposed to cryogenic temperatures, though, since superconductivity is only assured below a critical temperature Tc, which is specific for the superconductor material.
Common superconductor applications use superconductor lines, such as tape shaped or wire shaped superconductor lines. The superconductor lines may be used directly (for example for current transport) or after having been brought in a desired form, for example by winding coils. In particular, superconductor coils for high field applications are typically made from superconductor lines wound in a solenoid type fashion.
However, superconductor bulk magnets are also known. In this case, a superconducting current circulates inside a piece or stacked pieces of superconductor, with the superconductor bulk magnet often being of closed ring shape. Such structures are simple and inexpensive to produce, and are often made from high temperature superconductor (=HTS) material.
Superconductor bulk magnets may be loaded by a procedure called "field-cooling", e.g. described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,859,374 B2. For this procedure, the superconductor bulk magnet is disposed inside the charger bore of an electrical charger magnet, and then the charger magnet is turned on and generates a magnetic field while the superconductor bulk magnet's temperature Tbulk is still above Tc. Then the superconductor bulk magnet is cooled below Tc and becomes superconducting. Subsequently, with Tbulk kept below Tc, the charger magnet is turned off; accordingly, a current is induced in the superconductor bulk magnet, such that the magnetic flux within the superconductor bulk magnet is maintained. In other words, the superconductor bulk magnet traps the magnetic field in its inside. Then the superconductor bulk magnet may be removed from the charger magnet, and may be transported to a place where the trapped magnetic field may be used.
Superconductor bulk magnets have been proposed for NMR applications, compare DE 199 08 433 C2. For many applications, such as said NMR applications, a high homogeneity of a magnetic field is desirable. However, the typical magnetic field of a superconductor bulk magnet magnetized via the field-cooling process and provided in its superconductor bore has a relatively low homogeneity.
It is well known to use electrical shim coils to correct an inhomogeneous magnetic field during its use, such as during NMR measurements. Typically, the electrical shim coils are arranged in a room temperature bore of a cryostat enclosing the superconductor magnet.
However, shim coils allow only the correction of relatively small field inhomogeneities, since the shim coils become hot when too much electrical current is applied, what damages the shim coils and possibly also a sample. In U.S. Pat. No. 9,564,262 B2, an electrical shim coil system within the cryostat of the superconductor bulk magnet is proposed; however then the shim coil system introduces heat into the cryostat, making its operation expensive or possibly overloading the cooling capacity installed at the cryostat.
Another common approach is to shape the superconductor bulk magnet in a variety of ways in order to improve the homogeneity of the resulting magnetic field, compare for example U.S. Pat. No. 8,948,829 B2 or U.S. Pat. No. 8,228,148 B2 or U.S. Pat. No. 9,564,262 B2. Although these approaches improve the magnetic field homogeneity, they are difficult and expensive to put into practice, and their improvement effect is limited.
WO 2015/015892 A1 proposes to arrange a superconducting bulk to be magnetized within the bore of large magnetization unit, and to further arrange in said bore of the large magnetization unit a magnetic field adjusting unit, with its coils arranged outside about the superconducting bulk. The superconducting bulk is magnetized using both the magnetization unit and the magnetic field adjusting unit.

Method for magnetizing a superconductor bulk magnet, with generating an auxiliary magnetic field in the superconductor bore


A ditch digger having a horizontal cutting disc with spaced and angled replaceable cutting blades housed within a circular frame and surrounded in one semicircle by a dirt blocking chain barrier and by a solid guard barrier in the other semicircle. The digger is attached to a farm tractor via a 3 point hitch and includes a power takeoff connection. The forward portion of the digger's superstructure has a pair of collapsible stands which support the digger with the rear end wheel during storage. The wheel is provided with a height adjustment device for the ditch digger and maintains the position of the ditch digger in the ditch being dug.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a ditching apparatus which forms long-lasting, no-till farming ditches which will not be as readily blocked by crossing with other farm equipment, and which minimize erosion in the bottom and walls of the concave-shaped ditches. The apparatus is attached to a farm tractor and can be readily stored with in situ support stands and a wheel being adjustable in height.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The prior art has mechanized ditch diggers for use on the farm and in construction work. However, no prior art has recognized the solution to the problem of regular farm ditches, which are normally shallow and narrow walled for irrigation purposes, from becoming clogged when other farm equipment such as a planter, a fertilizer applicator or a cultivator crosses the ditches. Other problems associated with maintenance of ditches are erosion in the bottom and the walls. Another problem is the arduous cleaning and the safe storage of the apparatus with its extended blades by providing extra support for elevating the apparatus.
The pertinent prior art will be discussed in the order of their perceived relevance to the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,885,800 issued on May 12, 1959, to John C. Hawkins describes a ditching machine attachment for a vehicle having a power take off mechanism. The rotary disc cutter consists of two conical plates joined with 8 curved knives interspersed with 8 elongated beater elements on one conical surface at its periphery. No dimensions of the disc cutter and its parts are disclosed. The orientation of the disc cutter is distinctly different from the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,942,360 issued on Jun. 28, 1960, to John C. Hawkins describes a ditching machine transversely mounted to one side of a tractor. The rotary disc cutter of the previous patent is inclined obliquely to cut a ditch with a concave configuration. There appears to be no provision for altering the disc cutter's angle of obliqueness to form a wider ditch. The ditch is approximately 50% wider than its depth. The power transmitting or driving system is based on a system of pulleys and the raising and lowering of the cutter by a pneumatic spring. A supporting bogy having two wheels in tandem is secured to the axle of the cutter and in front to support the superstructure. The vertical orientation of the rotary cutter is opposite in direction to that of the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,113,610 issued on May 19, 1992, to Sylvester Liebrecht, Jr. describes a rotating disk ditcher operated by and behind a remotely controlled tractor and a laser controlled method of forming longitudinal soil depressions utilizing the disk ditcher. The rotating cutter disk is 5 feet in diameter with five cutter blades which are 10 inches in diameter spaced around its periphery on the bottom surface. The circular cutter blades can be rotated periodically on the disk for longer use. On the top surface of the disk, 5-15 scoops having the dimensions, 12 inches wide, 9 inches high and 3 more inches bent at 45.degree., are located behind each cutter blade. The cutter disk rotates at 200 rpm. The angle of inclination from the ground is 20.degree.. The lateral disk angle can be adjusted by a turnbuckle assembly. A support assembly is provided with a foot and positioned behind the rotating disk. The dirt is thrown outwardly 60-80 feet to the side. At a travel speed of 5 mph, a ditch 8-10 inches deep and 3-4 feet wide is formed. The patent recognizes that ditches with rounded out edges do not wear away as readily as conventional right angled walls and are better suited for planting of crops across the width of the ditch. However, since the apparatus is operated at an adjustable inclined angle, the soil is distributed in an uncontrolled direction to one side and over a great distance to prevent its repeated pickup.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,168,785 issued on Feb. 9, 1965, to George H. Davis describes a ditching machine positioned in front of and integrated with a tractor, and having a floating cutting head which has a flat surface fixed in a vertical position perpendicular to the ground. The cutting head is mounted forward of and at the bottom of a casing which contains the drive mechanism rotating the cutting head. A skid shoe is provided below the frame and is positioned at the same level as the scraper plate attached to the frame and protects the lower portion of the cutting head. Three detachable knives are spaced around the disc and project beyond the scraper plate. A V-shaped dirt shield is positioned above the cutting head to direct the extracted dirt to the sides. Although the circular cutting head is expected to cut a ditch with tapered sides, no dimensions of the cutting head or ditch are disclosed. The notable distinction is the orientation of the plane of the circular cutter.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,624,826 issued on Nov. 30, 1930, 1971, to Charlie M. Rodgers describes a rotary ditch cleaner having cutting blades and fins on a transverse rotor which is connected to the power take off shaft of a tractor. The rotor is journaled to a T-shaped frame bar which is connected to the tractor by three. link bar members. A height adjusting screw is provided in a cup member portion positioned at the top of the vertical post which supports the shaft-bearing sleeve and the frame bar. The rotor assembly is circular with four short cutting blades at the periphery and two long diametrically opposed fins or radial vane elements. These features face forward on the rotor assembly and are designed to clear irrigation ditches of grass, weeds, silt or other undesirable foreign material. A horizontal deflecting flange is located above the rotor assembly and is extended in the direction of the rotation of the rotor. A pair of skids is provided in front of the rotor assembly to support the rotor assembly and to facilitate the forward movement as the cleaning apparatus is pulled through the ditch. Again, the orientation of the cutting rotor is opposite to the present invention. Another distinction is the purpose of the apparatus being to clean ditches, and not to form lasting ditches.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,021,621 issued on Feb. 20, 1962, to Gideon M. Needham describes a drain digger designed to construct drains which connect ditches. A Y-frame is bolted onto the axle region of a tractor and is supported by a pair of lift arms connected to a cross-bar located higher on the tractor. The other end of the Y-frame is provided with a J-shaped guide shoe for vertical adjustment of the drain digger. Adjacent to the guide shoe, a bracket from the Y-frame supports the rotating shaft which carries the digging element. The digging element can be a singular circular plate with four scoops or a series of three sets of blades 21/2 in. wide and 61/2 in. long. In the series embodiment, the first set closest to the end with a square backup plate has four blades and the remaining two sets have only 2 blades each with the second set bisecting an angle between two blades of the first set and the third set positioned at a right angle to the second set. Since the drive shaft is inclined toward the ground, the three sets of blades in the second embodiment appear to have an advantage in efficiency over the first embodiment. However, the orientation of the blades are still substantially vertical to the ground.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,794,709 issued on Jan. 3, 1989, to Daniel Rivard describes a trench digging device for laying cables in level trenches. The cutting wheel is disposed vertically as a fifth wheel of the vehicle pulling the device. The cutting wheel and its lifting support structure are powered by a separate motor. The cutting wheel is as wide as a tire with angularly spaced cutting tools on its periphery. Throughbores proximate to the periphery of the cutting wheel are designed to prevent fouling. No dimensions of the cutting tools and their number on the wheel are disclosed. The emphasis is on the mobility of the device with its multiple hydraulic cylinders which operate to enable the device to pivot ill various directions. The orientation of the cutting wheel is a clear distinction.
None of the above inventions and patents, taken either singly or in combination, is seen to describe the instant invention as claimed.

Vertical spin ditcher with 3 point hitch


A display device may include a display panel configured to display an image. The display device may further include a first electrode overlapping the display panel and separated from the display panel. The display device may further include a second electrode overlapping the first electrode and separated from the display panel. The display device may further include a first liquid crystal layer disposed between the first electrode and a first portion of the second electrode. The display device may further include a third electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode, overlapping the second electrode, and separated from the display panel. The display device may further include a second liquid crystal layer disposed between the third electrode and a second portion of the second electrode.

(a) Technical Field
The present invention is related to a display device. More particularly, the present invention is related to a display device that may be used for displaying two-dimensional (2D) images and for forming three-dimensional (3D) images.
(b) Description of the Related Art
A display device may be used for forming a 3D stereoscopic image based on binocular disparity. The display device may display an image for a left eye and an image for a right eye, and the two images may be respectively seen by the left eye and the right eye of a viewer. As a result, the viewer may perceive a 3D image.
The display device may include a first panel used for displaying 2D images and may include a second panel used for forming 3D images. The display device may further include a third panel configured to maintain a distance between the first panel and the second panel. One or more of the panels may undesirably add thickness and weight to the display device.
The above information disclosed in this Background section is for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention. The Background section may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.

Display device wherein widths of a plurality of first microcavities decrease from a center of one of the plurality of zones to an edge of one of the plurality of zones


A Web site, through the use of a Rules Engine, determines an expertise level of a User for one or more topics on a Web page. The Rules Engine may analyze User related data, such as the search term used by the User to find the Web site, the past products purchased by the User, the path through the Web site taken by the User, the usage history by the User on the Web site, the demographics of the User and/or the self declared expertise level of the User, to determine an expertise level of the User for the topics on the Web page. A Display Engine may customize a Web page based on the expertise levels of a User so that topics on the Web page are presented in a manner most appropriate for the User. An Email Engine may be used to customize emails to the User so that topics in the email are presented in manner most appropriate for the User. A Support Entity Engine may also be used to route an incoming support inquiries from a User to an appropriate technical support person for the User.

The Internet is a worldwide network of computers and computer networks arranged to allow for the easy and robust exchange of information or topics between the users of the computers. Hundreds of millions of people around the world have access to computers connected to the Internet via one of the hundreds of Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Content providers may place multimedia information, i.e. graphics and sounds, and other forms of data on servers located at specific locations on the Internet. The information on a server may be accessed over the Internet by a User in order to retrieve the information. A client application, such as a browser or a smart client, may be used by the User to transmit and receive information from the server. The information may be communicated to the User in any desired format, but is often presented to the User in the form of a Web page.
A Web site may have a front end, i.e. Web pages, and a back end, the hardware and software necessary for the Web site to communicate over the Internet. The hardware will typically include a server (a single server may actually support a large number of Web sites) and a communication path between the Web site and the Internet. The software will typically include the software packages necessary to perform the desired functions of the Web site. The software allows for fast analysis of data and the automated performance of the desired functions on the Web site. Web sites may perform complicated functions and data manipulations for a large number of Users all substantially simultaneously.
Each Web site may include one or more Web pages. Web pages may be created using HyperText Markup Language (HTML) to generate a standard set of tags that define how the Web page will be displayed. Users of the Internet may access content providers' Web sites using a software package known as a browser, such as MICROSOFT INTERNET EXPLORER or NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR. After the browser has located a desired Web site, the browser requests and receives data regarding one of the Web pages from the Web site, typically in the form of an HTML document. The browser will then display the Web page's content for the User on the User's computer. The User may thereafter view other Web pages on the same Web site or move to an entirely different Web site using the browser.
Some conventional Web sites allow Users to make modifications to the Web site's appearance. For example, some conventional Web sites allow Users to select a color scheme for the Web site or even select certain default settings on the Web site according to preferences selected by the User. Conventional Web sites may also allow some Users to skip Web pages with previously viewed/already known information while also allowing Users to view other Web pages with additional information, such as a commonly used frequently asked questions (FAQs) Web page. In addition, some conventional Web sites allow Users to select a topic in order to receive additional or more detailed information regarding the topic.
Applicants have noticed that problems still exist for Users accessing information from a Web page. While Users may select particular Web pages and Web page topics for information, the presentation of the information on any given Web page is at a fixed expertise level. Expertise levels may vary from Web site to Web site or even Web page to Web page, but the expertise level for any given Web page is fixed for every User that views that Web page. In other words, every User that selects a Web page will receive content from the Web page at the same expertise level as every other User that selects that Web page.
Conventional Web pages do not present topics to individual Users based on the User's expertise level. While some Web pages may be directed towards novices (or even children) and other Web pages may be directed towards experts in the field, every conventional Web page presents their topics to Users at a fixed expertise level. While a "novice" expertise level Web page and an "expert" expertise level Web page may exist on the same Web site, Web pages do not change expertise levels based on the expertise levels of their Users. The result is that Users often receive information that is either too advanced for them to fully understand or too simple and does not add to their understanding of the topic being presented.
The problem is further compounded when multiple topics are presented on the same Web page. Any given User may, for example, be an expert on one topic while being a novice on another topic, even for topics presented on the same Web page. Conventional Web pages typically present the information for all their topics at the same expertise level thereby virtually insuring a mismatch for Users having different levels of expertise for different topics on the same Web page.
Many Web sites find it advantageous to send emails to their Users, who are often their Customers. Conventional Web sites transmit emails to their Users at a fixed expertise level, assuming that not only do all their Users have the same expertise level, but that all their expertise levels is about at the same expertise level as the expertise level of the email. These are both almost always faulty assumptions. Users of Web sites typically have a broad range of expertise levels for the topics presented in the emails, thus guarantying that at least some of the Users will not receive emails created with an expertise level appropriate for the User's expertise level. The problem is further compounded for emails that have more than one topic in which Users may have different expertise levels for each of the topics.
Some conventional Web sites, typically for those running a business, have an associated call center for answering their Users' questions regarding the Web site's services and/or products. The call centers receive incoming calls from their Users and route each User to a technical support person to assists the User. Applicants have noticed that not all Users and not all technical support persons have the same expertise level (of course, technical support persons on average typically have a higher expertise level than the Users) for all of the services and products offered by the Web site. The Users commonly have a broad range of expertise levels amongst themselves for each of the different services and products offered by the Web site. Likewise, technical support persons have different expertise levels for different services and products offered by the Web site. The failure of the call center to consider the expertise level of the User when routing the User's call to a technical support person often results in the technical support person either talking above the expertise level of the User or the technical support person being unable to answer or address more advanced issue that a higher expertise level User may have.
Thus, there is a need for a Web site to match the presentation of each topic on its Web page based on the expertise level for the User's expertise level for each topic. There is also a need to transmit customized emails to the Users of a Web site so that the expertise level of each email corresponds to the expertise level of the User receiving the email. There is also a need to route a User calling a customer service center to a technical support person that has an expertise level appropriate for the expertise level of the User.

Customize a user interface of a web page using an expertise level rules engine


A LIDAR array is provided which includes a plurality of LIDAR systems. The first LIDAR system is spatially spaced apart from the second LIDAR system. A first laser beam of the first LIDAR system and a second laser beam are synchronized with one another in such a way that the first laser beam and the second laser beam mutually amplify one another in the shared far range.

Scanning LIDAR (light detection and ranging) systems traverse a certain scan area or spatial area with a pulsed laser beam and ascertain the presence of and distance from objects on which the laser beam strikes. A LIDAR system typically has a laser source for generating a laser beam, a scanning device for scanning the emitted laser beam across a certain scan area, and a detector unit for detecting back-scattered light. Different alternative options exist for the scanning device. For example, the detector unit and the laser may be jointly pivoted by the scanning device, only the laser is pivoted, or a beam-deflecting element, such as a micromirror or a polygon, scans the laser beam.
When the laser beam strikes on an object, reflected light or back-scattered light is distributed or reflected across a wide spatial area, as a function of the reflection behavior, preferably in a particular spatial direction, which then usually does not point in the direction of the detector unit. In any event, apart from special cases, only a very small fraction of the back-scattered light scattered back by the object strikes on the detector unit, which accordingly limits the detection range. Increasing the laser power is only possible up to a certain limiting value due to eye safety.

LIDAR array as well as a vehicle, and robot including such a LIDAR array


A polarization-independent, optical circulator is formed in silicon photonics. The polarization-independent, optical circulator uses an optical splitter having two couplers and two waveguides joining the two couplers. One of the two waveguides is thinner than the other to create a large effective index difference between TE and TM modes transmitted through the one waveguide. Polarization rotators, including reciprocal and/or non-reciprocal rotators, are further used to create the optical circulator.

This application relates to optical isolators and circulators. More specifically, and without limitation, this application relates to optical isolators and circulators in semiconductor materials, including silicon photonics.
Optical circulators have been used in fiber optics to separate light traveling opposite directions. Optical circulators can be three-port or four-port devices. Light entering port 1 exits port 2 and light entering port 2 exits port 3, not port 1. Optical circulators are considered non-reciprocal optical devices. A non-reciprocal optical device is a device where properties of light passing through the device in a forward direction are not reversed when light passes through the device in a backward direction.


A wave pool configured to generate waves from a center portion of the wave pool towards the outer perimeter of the wave pool. A motor is positioned substantially at a center of the wave pool and is connected to a foil via an arm extending outwardly from the motor. The motor causes rotation of the arm and the foil for generating waves that travel away from the motor and towards an outer edge of the pool. The foil may be formed in the shape of a scoop and configured to adjust its angle relative to the arm via one or more angular adjustment connections with the arm. Multiple arms and/or foils may be used to generate waves in the wave pool. The wave pool has a deeper body of water located adjacent to the motor and a shallower body of water adjacent to the outer perimeter.

1. Field
The present invention relates generally to wave pools or water attractions. More particularly, the present invention relates to wave pools having centrally located wave generating devices for creation of surfing wakes.
2. Description of the Related Art
Wave pools have become a popular form of entertainment for patrons of waterparks and other entertainment venues. When a standard pool is outfit with motors, pumps, or other wave-generating equipment, the normally static pool water can be altered into an exciting and dynamic environment for both swimmers and tubers alike. In addition, bystanders relaxing outside of the pool are treated to a more interesting environment for viewing when swimmers and tubers are negotiating the waves.
Surfing machines have also proven a popular attraction, both for entertainment and for training purposes to help instruct individuals that may be wary or otherwise unable to surf out in the ocean. Conventional surf machines utilize water pumps cooperating with nozzles or jets to flow water over a variety of surfaces, allowing riders to skim atop the water flow. Still other surf devices operate in much deeper bodies of water, such as wave pools, essentially mimicking the effects and feeling of surfing in the deep ocean water. Unfortunately, the cost to design and manufacture such deep water wave pools with adequate waves for surfing has proven to be costly, limiting their install base. Moreover, the size of the water pumps or other wave generating components are typically very large and expensive to repair and maintain, in addition to the cost stemming from their high energy and power consumption.
The waves generated commonly initiate at one end of the pool or body of water and travel towards the opposite end. Such a configuration leads to a waste of many ride-able waves since riders may be required to paddle or navigate through oncoming waves, much like in an ocean setting, before arriving at the wave origination location to ride one of the waves towards shore. In response, certain configurations have been proposed for wave pools wherein wave-generating devices, such as hulls, paddles or pneumatic equipment, are positioned and/or move along an exterior circumference or perimeter of a pool and direct waves towards or around a shallow or protruding shore located in the center of the pool. In these designs, the pool is deepest around its circumference and shallowest at its center.
Unfortunately, such designs are not ideal for a variety of reasons. Firstly, positioning the wave-generating devices and the deepest water around the perimeter of the wave pool makes entering or leaving the pool more difficult, for example, requiring the use of bridges or tunnels to bring potential wave riders to the shallow center. Secondly, a traveling displacement hull around the deep water, outer circumference of the pool to generate waves also imparts movement to the entire pool, causing the water to also rotate in harmony with the hull and reduce its effectiveness. Thirdly, pools built with deep-water outer perimeters fail to provide the desired visibility for spectators or other bystanders who do not wish to ride the waves in the pool, instead opting to remain adjacent to the pool but still watch the activity within. This is particularly apparent for parents who desire to keep an eye on the safety of their children, but may not want to enter the shallow portion in the center of the pool itself. Indeed, the shallow portion may not be large enough to accommodate the vast quantity of potential bystanders that typically sunbathe adjacent to wave pools at many water park venues. Lastly, the exterior-positioned wave generation devices are complex in nature, inherently requiring a large quantity of cooperating components and adding greatly to the cost and space required to install such a wave pool.
Thus, an improved wave pool design capable of generating the desired surf waves but without the above-mentioned drawbacks is desired. Ideally, the wave pool would allow for easy access to the pool, accommodate various pool sizes and shapes, provide improved visibility for bystanders, and allow for customizable generation of variety of wave shapes or types. In addition, the ideal design would be relatively inexpensive to manufacture and install and permit large amounts of users to ride or participate with the waves in the pool simultaneously.

Wake surf pool with central rotating foils


An electronic timepiece has a storage unit (flash ROM) that stores local time information related to positioning information and time difference information, and version information of the local time information; a version display unit (display device) capable of displaying the version information; and a display control unit that displays the version information on the version display unit.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to an electronic timepiece and to an electronic device.
2. Related Art
Electronic timepieces that store positioning information and local time information, which relates time zone information including information related to DST (daylight saving time) and the time difference to UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) at the location identified by the positioning information, and calculate the time corresponding to the positioning information acquired using the local time information, are known from the literature. See, for example, JP-A-2009-180528.
However, the local time information (local time) may change according to time zone changes and changes in DST. To accommodate such changes, the local time information stored in the electronic timepiece may be updated when the timepiece is serviced, for example.
A problem with the electronic timepiece disclosed in JP-A-2009-180528 is that whether or not the stored local time information is the latest cannot be confirmed. As a result, the electronic timepiece must be connected to a maintenance device to check the content of the local time information stored in the electronic timepiece, and determining whether or not the local time information requires updating is not easy.

Electronic timepiece and electronic device


A film exposure status indicator 10,78 for a film cartridge 11 to indicate whether a filmstrip on a spool 18 within the cartridge has been at least partially rewound onto the spool. The indicator relies on rewinding motion of the spool to indicate at least partial exposure of the filmstrip. In the preferred embodiment 78, the status indicator is a self-contained module attachable to a standard 35 mm film cartridge entirely within an external well 66 of one 34 of the cartridge end caps. The module has a central aperture for receiving the protruding end 38 of the film spool and includes a cover disk 26 having first and second status indication windows 40,39. An indicator wheel 52 below the cover disk has first and second exposure indicia visible through the respective windows. A spring-biased locking button 58 on the indicator wheel 52 is engageable by a driver tab 50 on a driver wheel 42, rotatably driven by the film spool, below the indicator wheel when the driver wheel is rotated in the film-rewinding direction. When the locking button 58 is aligned with the first window 40, button 58 is urged axially to enter the window, indicating the filmstrip has been at least partially rewound, which movement locks the indicator wheel 52 to the cover disk 26 preventing further rotation of the indicator wheel and decouples the indicator wheel 52 from the driver wheel 42. A second indicium indicating film exposure is then visible through the second status indication window 39.

It is known for a film cartridge to have a film exposure status indicator for providing a visual indication of whether a filmstrip inside the cartridge housing has been exposed. Such indication is useful, for example, when a roll of film is exposed in a camera over several frames and then is partially rewound. When removed from a camera, such a roll may have the appearance of a completely unexposed roll, which can lead to inadvertent double exposure of frames and significant loss and inconvenience to the photographer.
Indication of exposure is readily achieved by indicating the direction of any rotation of a film spool subsequent to its assembly into a film cartridge. Such indication may take the form, for example, of changing the visual status of an indicator window when the spool completes at least one full revolution in the unwinding direction. This indication suffers in that simply loading a cartridge into a camera may require that sufficient film is pulled out of the cartridge to trip the exposed indicator. If the cartridge is then removed from the camera without being used, the indication of film exposure is erroneous. An alternative, and superior, strategy is to indicate that film has been exposed only when the spool has been rotated some amount in the rewind direction.
Prior art U.S. Pat. No. 5,278,600, issued Jan. 11, 1994, discloses a film cartridge comprising a film spool rotatable inside the cartridge housing, an indicator window in an end cap of the cartridge housing, an annular indicator wheel rotatable inside the cartridge housing behind the indicator window to move a film-exposed indication on the indicator wheel to the indication window, and an annular drive wheel rotatably linked with the film spool for rotating the indicator wheel to move the film-exposed indication to the indication window. A pin and receiver clutch device transmits movement of the drive wheel to the indicator wheel when the film spool is rotated in a film unwinding direction, and leaves the indicator wheel and the drive wheel disconnected when the film spool is rotated in a film rewinding direction. This apparatus has the double disadvantage of requiring a redesigned cartridge and of indicating exposure by spool rotation in the unwind direction.
Some other disclosures of exposure status indicators are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,978,985, issued Dec. 18, 1990; 5,153,627, issued Oct. 6, 1992; 5,475,454, issued Dec. 12, 1995; and EPO Patent No. EP 0 431 529 B1, filed on Mar. 12, 1990. Each of these disclosed indicators requires at least a significant modification of the shell or end caps of a standard 35 mm film cartridge to provide an indicator window. In some cases, an entirely redesigned cartridge is required. None of them is useful in conjunction with a standard cartridge having no modification to its shell or end caps.
Thus a need exists for a film exposure status indicator which can be added to an unmodified cartridge or which requires modification of only the film spool and not of the cartridge shell or end caps, and which preferably can be constructed alternatively to be operable in the unwind or rewind direction, as desired by the manufacturer.
A further need exists for such an indicator which can be easily added to a standard film cartridge in a spooling and assembly line.
A further need exists for such an indicator which can be preassembled to a partially-formed cartridge in white lights prior to spooling and installation of a filmstrip into the cartridge in the dark, and particularly which can be preassembled as a self-contained film exposure status indicator module.

Film exposure status indicator for a film cartridge


A semiconductor device and manufacturing method, wherein the semiconductor device has a semiconductor substrate on which a plurality of elements constituting a logic type device have been formed; a first interlayer insulating film on the semiconductor substrate; a plurality of groove patterns provided in the first interlayer insulating film; lower interconnections formed by embedding electroconductive films, which are composed of an electroconductive material such as copper, in the groove patterns; and first porous portions that are selectively provided in the portions of the first interlayer insulating film having the lower interconnections formed therein, the portions being in contact with the lower interconnections. A semiconductor device having an interlayer insulating film that exhibits satisfactory mechanical strengths, thermal conductivity and low dielectric constant is thus provided.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and a manufacturing method therefor and, more particularly, to a technology effectively applied to a conductive pattern formed by an electroconductive material in a groove formed in an insulating film.
2. Description of Related Art
With the recent trend toward higher integration and further microminiaturization, there has been demand for multilayer wiring structures and micro-wiring or the like. In addition, there has been growing need for lower resistance of a conductive pattern material in response to the demand for lower power consumption and higher speed in semiconductor devices.
To meet such needs, heretofor, a groove pattern is formed in an interlayer insulating film formed on the surface of a substrate, and an electroconductive material, such as copper (Cu), is embedded. Thereafter, unwanted electroconductive material at the top of the groove is removed by the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process thereby to complete the wiring. This technology is known as "damascene process".
A conventional semiconductor device having a multilayer wiring structure has been implemented, in which a upper interconnection and a third conductive pattern that are formed by the damascene process are deposited on a lower interconnection formed also by the damascene process.
The demand for higher integration in semiconductor devices in recent years, however, has been accelerating, leading to the increasing demand for enhanced multilayer wiring and further reduced wiring width.
In serving the aforesaid need, the conventional semiconductor devices have been incurring an increased capacitance between conductive patterns attributable to reduced wiring pitches, and slower operating speed of semiconductor elements due to the increased capacitance between conductive patterns, thus posing a serious problem. In other words, it is becoming difficult for the aforesaid semiconductor device having the conventional multilayer wiring structure to fully realize required higher speed.
Hence, in recent years, an attempt has been made to use an insulating film with a lower dielectric constant (relative dielectric constant ∈=below 2.5) for the interlayer insulating film between conductive patterns in a semiconductor device employing the Damascene process. Such an insulating film may be, for example, an insulating film with low dielectric constant to which an organic material or the like has been added.
However, using such an insulating film with low dielectric constant as the interlayer insulating film has been posing a new problem, although it is able to provide lower relative dielectric constant. More specifically, the insulating film with low dielectric constant is much coarser than a conventionally used silicon oxide film, so that it cannot provide satisfactory mechanical strength and thermal conductivity required of an interlayer insulating film for a semiconductor device having the multilayer wiring structure.

Semiconductor device having conductive interconnections and porous and nonporous insulating portions


Compounds useful as a stabilizer for a variety of organic materials of an intermediate thereof, or as an intermediate of medicines or agricultural chemicals are disclosed, which are cyclohexylamine derivatives represented by the general formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an arylalkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 both represent a hydrogen atom, or one of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom and the other represents a group --CH.sub.2 --R.sup.5, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together form a group .dbd.CH--R.sup.5, in which R.sup.5 represents an unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituted phenyl group, a 2-furyl group, a cyclohexyl group or a 2-tetrahydrofuryl group; X represents an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and n denotes 1 or 2.. When the compound is used as a stabilizer, it exhibits little bleedout and high photostabilizing effect.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a cyclohexylamine derivative having a novel structure, more particularly a cyclohexylamine derivative having 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine structure which is useful as a photostabilizer for variety of organic materials or as an intermediate thereof and can be used also as an intermediate of medicines or agricultural chemicals.
2. Prior Art
It has hitherto been known that compounds having a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine structure (the so-called hindered amine structure) possess an excellent radical-capturing ability, and they have been used as a photostabilizer of organic materials, particularly resins by taking advantage of the property.
For example, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-sebacate of formula (1) (trade name: SANOL.RTM. LS770, referred to hereinafter as LS770) which is one of the typical photostabilizers, as described in "Recent Technology of Polymer Additives" by Yutaka Nakahara, CMC Co., 1988, is known to be an ester of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol and sebacic acid and to exhibit high photostabilizing effect on many resins such as polyolefins and the like. ##STR2##
LS770 with a high photostabilizing effect can, however, bleed out from resins to which it has been added during its use and thus has problems that it can hardly be used for thin products such as film or the like, or may affect deleteriously a coating on the surface of a relatively thick product of a resin to which it has been added during its use for a long period.
Recently, a photostabilizer afforded with high molecular weight such as of formula (2) (trade name: CHIMASSORB.RTM. 944) has been developed in order to settle the problem of bleedout as described above. ##STR3##
The compound, notwithstanding the absence of the bleedout from resins, has only an insufficient effect on photostabilization.
The present inventors have conducted researches on settling the problems described above, resulting in the discovery of a new cyclohexylamine derivative represented by the general formula [I] which can be produced industrially, has a high photostabilizing effect and exhibits little bleedout from resins when used as a photostabilizer.

Cyclohexylamine compounds useful as a stabilizer for organic materials

Mitsubishi Petrochemical Company Limited


Ink and coating compositions, printing and coating processes, and printed and coated substrates utilizing a polymerizable composition comprising one or more di-activated vinyl compounds, with the proviso that said a di-activated vinyl compound is not a cyanoacrylate. Exemplary compositions include methylene malonates, methylene β-ketoesters, methylene β-diketones, dialkyl disubstituted vinyls, and dihaloalkyl disubstituted vinyls. Exemplary compositions are polymerizable at ambient temperatures.

1. Field of the Invention
Exemplary embodiments disclosed herein related to inks and coatings and polymerizable systems therefor. Of particular interest are polymerizable di-substituted, di-activated vinyl compositions, not including cyanoacrylates, such as, but not limited to, methylene malonates, methylene β-ketoesters, methylene β-di-ketones, dialkyl disubstituted vinyl, dihaloalkyl disubstituted vinyl, whether monofunctional, difunctional or multifunctional monomers, oligomers or polymers.
2. Background
Methylene malonates are compounds having the general formula (I):
wherein R and R′ may be the same or different and may represent nearly any substituent or side-chain. Such compounds have been known since 1886 where the formation of diethyl methylene malonate was first demonstrated by W. H. Perkin, Jr. (Perkin, Ber. 19, 1053 (1886)).
However, earlier methods for producing methylene malonates suffer significant deficiencies that preclude their use in obtaining commercially viable monomers. Such deficiencies include unwanted polymerization of the monomers during synthesis, formation of undesirable side products, degradation of the product, insufficient and/or low yields, and ineffective and/or poorly functioning monomer product. These problems have impinged on their practical use in the production of commercial and industrial products.
Certain co-inventors of the instant application have recently filed patent applications on improved methods of synthesis of methylene malonates, namely, PCT/US11/056,903 Synthesis of Methylene Malonates Substantially Free of Impurities, and PCT/US11/056,926 Synthesis of Methylene Malonates Using Rapid Recovery in the Presence of a Heat Transfer Agent. The synthesis procedures provided therein result in improved yields of heretofore elusive high quality methylene malonates and other polymerizable compositions.
The polymerizable compositions are amenable to chain-building and/or cross-linking polymerization by anionic or free radical initiation and have the potential to form the basis of a highly valuable and large-scale platform for the chemical synthesis and formulation of new chemical products.
In the art, there exists a need for new classes of commercially viable products, in particular, inks and coatings. Specifically, the commercial reduction to practice of a low or zero energy input, very fast polymerizing addition polymer platform with far ranging property sets coupled with crosslinking that is also by design environmentally, biologically or metabolically compatible with most living organisms that is finally also either in whole or part made from a broad sustainable resource base, including sugars, atmospheric gases, waste gases and synthesis gas opens up a vast array of new technologies that can deliver great benefits to society.
One particular need in the art is for coatings, inks and the like where a protective and/or decorative layer could be applied as a 100% solids reactive composition that could cure, if desired, nearly instantaneously, with little or no energy input. Such ink or coating compositions could have dramatic impact on energy use reduction as well as significant reduction in solvent use. Either alone or in combination with a surface activator, such systems would eliminate the need for two part condensation polymerization or addition polymerization systems where complex, precise mixing and metering systems are required. Further, such systems would reduce or eliminate the need for sophisticated ovens required to control temperature and solvent volatilization. Finally, such desirable systems would reduce the level of catalyst, preferably less than 2% by weight catalyst, to dramatically reduce leaching non-bound chemical elements and provide for more facile activation.
Such a non-thermally activated and/or accelerated system dramatically would change the types of materials one could use in manufacturing the related substrates and the steps at which they could be used. By example, where certain thermoplastics or decorative elements may not survive a typical 150° C. or higher oven cure for 20 minutes or more, at ambient temperatures virtually any known material could be utilized.
In the art is it desired to provide functional and/or decorative coatings or inks that could be 100% solids and that would not require pre-polymerization into emulsions. It is also desired to have such coatings or inks that would be environmentally resistant, that did not require energy input (heat or light) for activation. Such coatings and inks could provide key benefits such as the substantial reduction of energy use on application and cure, elimination of complex solvent handling and recovery equipment, the elimination of the energy related equipment, and the ability to use said systems for thermally sensitive substrates. By example, the ability to replace ultraviolet light cure systems for inks and overprint varnishes would provide all of the aforementioned benefits. Also desired is the replacement of emulsion-based inks where environmental resistance is poor, where 50% water compositions must be contained and shipped and managed and where an instant cure would provide for far more raid throughput for the office or home user where ultraviolet light systems are costly, complex and even dangerous to manage.
Thus, new classes of commercially viable products, in particular, coating and ink formulations, processes and application equipment and the articles utilizing such materials are highly desired in the art.

Ink coating formulations and polymerizable systems for producing the same


An anchor assembly having a nut which is pivotably connected to a sleeve which is slideable along a rod housing. The nut is pivotable to and from a position in vertical alignment with rod housing and a position perpendicular to the rod housing in which a threaded nut opening is in vertical alignment with a opening of the rod housing. A flange is disposed above the rod housing and a stop washer is disposed above the flange, the rod insertable within both the flange and washer. The threaded rod is insertable through the rod opening of the rod housing and threadable within the threaded opening of the nut when the nut is in a position perpendicular to the rod housing. When the nut of the anchor assembly is positioned into vertical alignment with the rod housing, the assembly can fit into a narrow hole. Once the nut clears the opening, the nut moves into the position perpendicular to the rod housing so that the rod may be threaded through the nut opening. The rod is threaded through the nut opening until the washer contacts the flange at which point the nut is drawn up to a bottom side of a substrate surface by way of the slideable sleeve.

"Blind-hole" anchoring applications involve anchoring items, such as various types of equipment or apparatus, to a surface from which anchoring access is generally only available from one side of substrate. Examples of substrates include concrete, a hollow wall, an I-beam, or wood. Difficulties exist in blind-hole anchoring in that some of the prior art mechanisms require a large aperture through which to pass when securing an item to the surface. In some cases, making a large enough aperture is impractical.
Further, in some prior art anchoring mechanisms it is difficult to align the bolt with the nut of the anchor assembly.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an anchor assembly that may be used in blind-hole anchoring applications.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a new and improved anchor assembly that may be used in any desired application.


A hanging structure includes a main body, two first hooks and a second hook. The main body has an outer surface, and the outer surface has a first end. The two first hooks are disposed on the first end. The second hook is disposed on the first end. The second hook is located between the two first hooks, and the length of the part of each of the two first hooks above the outer surface is longer than the length of the part of the second hook above the outer surface.

1. Technical Field of the Invention
The disclosure relates to a hanging structure, more particularly to a hanging structure applicable for holes in different shapes.
2. Description of the Related Art
Nowadays a case comprises a large number of components and the internal configuration of the case is very complicated. Thus, the installation of these components is time-consuming.
In the structural design of the case, the components inside thereof are often connected with each other by hanging them on a rack. Typically, when an object is required to be hung on a hanging rack, a hanging structure is hung on a hole of a hanging rack before fix the object to the hanging structure. However, the shapes of the holes of the hanging racks are different from each other, while today's hanging structure can only correspond to one certain shape of the hole. For example, the hanging structure configured for the rectangular holes cannot be hung on the round holes. As a result, the hanging structure often needs to be replaced, which leads to the additional cost. Therefore, it is important to design a hanging structure suitable for different shapes of holes, especially for the most common holes, namely rectangular holes and round holes.

Hanging structure and case using the same

INVENTEC (PUDONG) TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION


In a new retractable lens barrel of a type wherein a movable barrel is mounted protrudably in an optical axis direction from a fixed barrel or a camera body and filming is possible when the movable barrel is in a protruded state and comprising a movable lens of a variable power and/or focusing system, a space formed when the movable barrel is protruded from the fixed barrel or camera body is made a space in which the movable lens is movable during filming and the casing of the iris unit and a lens holder of a fixed lens are formed integrally. Because the space in which the movable lens is movable during filming is used to accommodate the movable barrel when the camera is not being used and the movable barrel is retracted, the length of the retracted lens barrel in the front-rear direction can be made short. Also, because the casing of the iris unit and the lens holder of a fixed lens are formed integrally, the number of parts is reduced and the optical axes of different lens groups and the iris unit are not readily misaligned when the lens barrel is being assembled.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a retractable lens barrel wherein a movable barrel is protrudable from a fixed barrel or a camera body. More particularly, the invention provides a new lens barrel which can be made compact even when it contains movable lenses of a variable power system and/or a focusing system; the length of which in the front-rear (axial) direction can be reduced; the number of parts reduced; and the optical axes of different lens groups and an iris unit of which do not readily become misaligned when the lens barrel case is being assembled.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Retractable-type lens barrels wherein a movable barrel is protrudable from a fixed barrel or a camera body to improve the portability of the camera are known.
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are schematic views of an example of such a known lens barrel which is retractable into a camera body.
Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a lens barrel 1a is mounted movably in its optical axis direction with respect to a camera body 1b; during filming, the lens barrel 1a projects forward from the camera body 1b and is in a filming-possible state (see FIG. 1). When the camera is not being used the lens barrel 1a is retracted into the camera body 1b and is in a filming-impossible state (see FIG. 2).
A zoom lens 1c is mounted in a lens holder 1d and the lens holder 1d is mounted movably with respect to the lens barrel 1a; the zoom lens 1c is moved inside the camera body 1b in the optical axis direction and zooming is thereby effected by a drive mechanism not shown in the drawings.
By the lens barrel 1a being contracted, most of the lens barrel 1a can be received into the camera body 1b and the whole camera when not in use can be made compact.
However, in the lens barrel 1a described above, because the zoom lens 1c is mounted inside the lens barrel 1a movably with respect thereto, a space le for this lens barrel 1a to be retracted into must be provided inside the camera body 1b, and there has been the problem that the size of the whole camera consequently becomes large.
The space 1e formed inside the camera body 1b for the lens barrel 1a to be retracted into becomes wasted space when the lens barrel 1a has been protruded, and because besides this space 1e a space 1f for a focusing lens and an iris mechanism and the like to be disposed in is necessary in the camera body 1b, the size of the camera body 1b in the optical axis direction has been large.
Also, for example in the design of a lens barrel of a high variable power rate, it is necessary for the range of movement of the zoom lens 1c to be made large, and in this case the space 1e in which the zoom lens 1c can move in the camera body 1b must be made large, the lens barrel 1a itself must be made large in the optical axis direction, and when the large lens barrel 1a is all to be retracted into the camera body 1b, the camera body 1b has had to be made large.
FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 on the other hand, show an example of a conventional camera lens barrel 2a wherein a case 2b comprises a cylindrical front half 2c and a cylindrical rear half 2d slightly smaller than the front half 2c joined together one in front of the other (the left side of FIG. 5 will be taken as the front and the right side as the rear).
A first lens group 2e is a positive lens group, a second lens group 2f is a negative lens group, a third lens group 2g is a positive lens group and a fourth lens group 2h is also a positive lens group.
The four lens groups 2e, 2f, 2g and 2h are arrayed in the above order on a common optical axis x--x extending in the front-rear direction through the center of the case 2b as seen in the front-rear direction.
An iris unit 2i comprising a casing 2j containing diaphragm vanes 2k, 2k for light quantity control is mounted on the rear end of the front half 2c of the case 2b.
The first lens group 2e is fixed by suitable means to the front end of the front half 2c of the case 2b and the front of the case 2b is thereby closed off.
A slidable lens holder 21 is slidably mounted on slide shafts 2m, 2m mounted on the upper and lower sides of the front half 2c of the case 2b, and the second lens group 2f is mounted in the slidable lens holder 21 and constitutes a zooming lens.
A fixed lens holder 2n holding the third lens group 2g is mounted by suitable means on the rear surface of the casing 2j of the iris unit 2i.
A sliding lens holder 2o is slidably mounted on slide shafts 2p, 2p mounted on the upper and lower sides of the rear half 2d of the case 2b, and the fourth lens group 2h is mounted in the sliding lens holder 2o and constitutes a focusing lens.
A low pass filter 2q is mounted behind the fourth lens group 2h.
The double-dot broken line 2r in FIG. 4 indicates the diaphragm central position of the diaphragm vanes 2k, 2k, and this line serves as a reference for setting the distance between the diaphragm and the third lens group 2g.
With the conventional camera lens barrel 2a, because making the four lens groups 2e, 2f, 2g and 2h thinner than they are at present is very difficult due to problems of refraction and the like, and because it is not possible to make the movement spaces of the second lens group 2f and the fourth group 2h smaller, it has not been possible to shorten the front-rear direction length of the case 2b.
Also, because the case 2b is made by joining together four parts comprising the front half 2c, the iris unit 2i, the fixed lens holder 2n and the rear half 2d, when even slight deviations occur during assembly, these slight deviations add up to a large deviation. Thus, it has been extremely difficult to align the optical axes of the four lens groups 2e, 2f, 2g and 2h and the center of the iris unit 2i on the optical axis x--x.
There has also been the problem that even when the fixed lens holder 2n and the iris unit 2i are made in conformity with their design, if deviation arises when the fixed lens holder 2n is mounted on the rear surface of the casing 2j of the iris unit 2i, the distance between the diaphragm center position 2r of the diaphragm vanes 2k, 2k and the third lens group 2g becomes incorrect.


A communicating apparatus for relaying a data communication between a first network and a second network, includes a receiving unit having an interface for a first network connection and serving to receive a packet from a terminal connected to the first network; and a control processor that acquires an IP address of the terminal from the packet received by the receiving unit, obtains a range of a subnet mask value which can be taken by the terminal based on the IP address, obtains a candidate for a host address corresponding to each subnet mask value, sets the host address candidate accessibly from the terminal, determines an estimated value of the subnet mask value of the terminal based on a state of the packet which is received from the terminal and is transmitted to the host address candidate, and sets the estimated value as a subnet mask value corresponding to an interface for the first network connection.

For network setting of a communicating apparatus and a terminal, it is necessary to use information such as an address having integrity between segment information of a network through which they are connected to each other.
In general, the information about the network setting are previously given to the communicating apparatus and the terminal respectively or network information having an integrity are automatically given from the communicating apparatus to the terminal.
However, even if a terminal having network information which has been set and is not well known to the communicating apparatus is connected to the communicating apparatus, the integrity of the network information cannot be taken. Therefore, they cannot communicate with each other in that condition.
In order to solve the problem, a method of taking a countermeasure has been disclosed in JP-A-2001-57572 Publication.
In the method described in the Document, a communicating apparatus gives a proxy ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) response to all of ARP packets transmitted from a terminal having unknown network information, and a packet which needs to be neither received nor relayed by the communicating apparatus is also transmitted from the terminal to the communicating apparatus. Consequently, there is a problem in that a load of the communicating apparatus is unnecessarily increased.

Communicating apparatus and controlling method of thereof


A cylinder is formed in the lower portion of a cushion pad, and a piston coupled to an upper end of a rod is slidably contained in the cylinder. The rod is coupled to a rotary shaft of a servomotor. An oil pressure chamber is formed of an inner wall surface of the cylinder and a wall surface of the piston. The axial center of the oil pressure chamber is identical with the axial center of the rod. The pressure oil for alleviating an impact is filled in the oil pressure chamber. The pressure oil filled in the oil pressure chamber absorbs a force operating instantaneously at the cushion pad. According to this structure, the impact generated in a press machine can be alleviated.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a die cushion apparatus which drives to raise or lower a cushion pad while applying an upward energizing force, and more particularly to a die cushion apparatus which alleviates an impact generated in a press machine.
2. Description of the Related Art
A die cushion apparatus (hereinafter merely referred to as a "die cushion") for crease pressing in a drawing work is provided in a press machine. A conventional die cushion generates a cushion pressure while driving to raise or lower a cushion pad by using a hydraulic pressure or an air pressure. In order to prevent a work from being damaged or strained by raising drawing workability of the die cushion, it is necessary to control the cushion pressure of the die cushion in high accuracy, and particularly, it is necessary to control the cushion pressure at the time of lowering operation of the cushion pad in high accuracy.
The die cushion using only the air pressure cannot control the cushion pressure in high accuracy at the time of operating the cushion pad. The die cushion using the hydraulic pressure can control the cushion pressure in high accuracy at the time of operating the cushion pad under the control of a hydraulic pressure. However, a structure of a hydraulic apparatus is complicated, and there is a difficult point of needing severe maintenance and management. Therefore, recently, a die cushion having an electric servomotor which has a simple structure and which does not need severe maintenance and management is noted.
When a slide lowers so that an upper die is brought into contact with a work in the case of press working, there arises a state that the slide of large weight collides with the cushion pad. Since a large load is operated instantaneously at the cushion pad, a large impact occurs in the press machine.
FIG. 11 is a view showing the relationship between a load operated at the cushion pad and a time in a conventional apparatus. Here, a load change after the upper die is contacted with the work is shown. According to FIG. 11, it is understood that, when the upper die is contacted with the work, an overshoot further exceeding a normal value is generated.
In order to alleviate such an impact, the cushion pad is lowered synchronously with the lowering operation of the slide to lower the cushion pad so that a relative speed of the upper die side (slide) to the work side (cushion pad) is decelerated in a control aspect, so called a preliminary acceleration is performed.
If a large impact continuously arises, there occurs a problem that a wearing speed of a mold is accelerated to cause a cost to rise. If the impact is large, an impact sound generated in this case increases, and a problem of a noise also occurs. In order to avoid these problems, it is desired to reduce the impact as much as possible. Therefore, a devise is desired not only in a field of the control but also in a structure of the die cushion.
The present invention is made in view of such a fact, and provides a die cushion having a structure which can alleviate an impact generated in a press machine.


An electronic cartridge that may include a cover which is attached to a thermal element. A substrate may be located between the thermal element and the cover. The cartridge may include a first pin which extends from the thermal element through a datum hole of the substrate. The cartridge may also have a second pin which extends from the thermal element through a first float hole of the substrate. The first float hole may have a major diameter and a minor diameter. The major diameter of the first float hole may be larger than the diameter of the second pin so that the second pin can move relative to the substrate. The first float hole allows movement of the second pin when there is a differential thermal expansion between the thermal element and the substrate.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electronic cartridge, which contains components that can thermally expand relative to each other.
2. Background Information
Integrated circuits are typically assembled into a package that is soldered to a printed circuit board. Historically, manufacturers of integrated circuits such as microprocessors have sold integrated circuit packages to entities that mount the packages to a motherboard. The motherboard is typically incorporated into a larger system such as a personal computer.
The integrated circuit packages are typically soldered to the motherboard. The solder process requires capital equipment such as wave solder tables, etc. Additionally, the solder must be reflowed to upgrade or replace the integrated circuit package that is mounted to the board. Reflowing the solder can degrade the integrity of the motherboard and the solder joints which couple other components to the board. It would be desirable to incorporate the integrated circuit packages into a cartridge that can be plugged into a motherboard so that the customer of the integrated circuit does not have to solder the package.
It would be desirable if such a cartridge could be plugged into the circuit board by a consumer, so that the end user can upgrade a system such as a personal computer. Such a cartridge would preferably have a cover to prevent contact between the end user and the integrated circuit packages. The cover may also improve the appearance of the product.
Integrated circuits generate heat which must be removed to insure that the junction temperatures of the circuits operate below threshold levels. The heat primarily flows into the ambient through the integrated circuit packages. The packages are typically constructed from a dielectric material which has a relatively low coefficient of thermal conductivity. The low coefficient creates a relatively high thermal impedance across the package. The high thermal impedance increases the junction temperatures of the circuit.
Some packages incorporate a metal lid to reduce the thermal impedance from the integrated circuit to the ambient. A thermal element such as a heat sink may be coupled to the lid to further increase the thermal efficiency of the assembly. It would be desirable to provide a cartridge that has both a thermal element and a protective cover which are coupled to a printed circuit board which supports one or more integrated circuit packages.
Electronic assemblies are frequently exposed to environments which have varying ambient temperatures. Changes in temperature will cause the assembly to expand or contract. Different components of an electronic assembly may have different rates of thermal expansion. The different rates of thermal expansion may create stresses in the assembly. It would be desirable to provide a cartridge which allowed different components of the assembly to expand and contract relative to each other.

Electronic cartridge which allows differential thermal expansion between components of the cartridge


A vehicle front structure for a vehicle may include: a front side member disposed on a front of a vehicle; and a front end member coupled to a front end of the front side member. In particular, the front end member includes a main body which is coupled to the front side member to be aligned, and a lateral reinforcement portion which extends from the main body toward an outboard side of the vehicle.

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
In general, a vehicle body includes a main frame and a subframe, and the subframe includes a front subframe connected to a lower front end of the vehicle body, and a rear subframe connected to a lower rear end of the vehicle body.
The front subframe may support an engine, a transmission, a suspension, and the like, and facilitate the transmission of a load while ensuring structural stiffness of the vehicle. In particular, the front subframe should be firmly mounted on the vehicle body, which makes it easy to ensure the basic performance of the vehicle such as crashworthiness, NVH, and R&H.
The vehicle front structure includes a pair of front side members spaced apart from each other in a width direction of the vehicle. A front end of the front subframe may be coupled to a front end of the front side member through a plurality of reinforcing members, and a front apron member, a radiator support member, and the like may be coupled to the front end of the front side member through a plurality of reinforcing members.
The front end of the front side member may support the front subframe, the front apron member, and the radiator support member in three axial directions (a longitudinal direction, a width direction, and a height direction of the vehicle), thereby supporting a load which is transmitted in the three axial directions.
However, an existing vehicle front structure has the front subframe, the front apron member, and the radiator support member which are coupled to the front end of the front side member through the plurality of reinforcing members, resulting in increased weight and material cost.
We have discovered that the front subframe, the front apron member, and the radiator support member are coupled to the plurality of reinforcing members via a flange coupling structure, and thus this structure causes weak support stiffness with respect to the front end of the front side member.
The above information described in this background section is provided to assist in understanding the background of the inventive concept, and may include any technical concept which is not considered as the prior art that is already known to those skilled in the art.


A data processing device according to the present invention can request a first server to transmit identification information for identifying the data processing device and an address of the data processing device to a second server. Moreover, the data processing device can also transmit the identification information for identifying the data processing device and the address of the data processing device to the second server without the intermediation of the first server.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a data processing device, a registration method for registering identification information for identifying the data processing device and an address of the data processing device, and a program for causing a computer to implement the registration method.
2. Description of the Related Art
A data processing device can automatically set an IP address of the data processing device itself while using a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP). This system is described, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-244533 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-048462.
In a domain name system (DNS), an IP address and a host name of the data processing device are managed in association with each other. On the basis of this association, a corresponding IP address can be obtained from the host name, and a corresponding host name can be obtained from the IP address. This system is described, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-296467.
When the data processing device uses the DHCP, the IP address of the data processing device may be changed dynamically, and therefore the association between the IP address and the host name of the data processing device may also be changed. In that case, the association between the IP address and the host name cannot be managed properly in the DNS.
In view of the above, there is proposed a technology called dynamic DNS for dynamically updating a DNS record indicating the association between the host name and the IP address. In the dynamic DNS, a data processing device notifies a DNS server for managing the DNS record of the host name and the IP address and instructs the DNS server to register the DNS record. Then, the DNS server updates the DNS record in response to the instruction.
It should be noted that the registration of the DNS record cannot be instructed directly to the DNS server in some cases depending on the type of the data processing device. For example, there are cases where the DNS server accepts the registration of the DNS record only from specific devices for improving the security and a case where the DNS server accepts the registration of the DNS record only from devices located within the same domain.
In such cases, the data processing device cannot instruct the registration of the DNS record directly to the DNS server. Therefore, the data processing device sometimes uses an option of DHCP (for example, Option 81) to request a DHCP server to perform the registration of the DNS record with respect to the DNS server.
However, depending on the method of mounting the DHCP server or depending on the type of DHCP server, the DHCP server does not support the specific option (for example, Option 81) in some cases. Alternatively, even when the DHCP server supports the option (for example, Option 81), the data processing device may not be notified properly of the result regarding the registration of the DNS record. In that case, even when the data processing device requests the DHCP server to perform the registration of the DNS record, it is uncertain that the IP address and the host name of the data processing device are registered as the DNS record.
Thus, it is preferable that even when the address of the data processing device is dynamically assigned to the data processing device from the server, the association between identification information for identifying the data processing device and the address of the data processing device should be registered more reliably.

Data processing device, registration method, and program


An online document system can allow users to participate in collaborative negotiation of documents stored with in the online document system. To facilitate negotiations between multiple entities (each potentially including multiple users with different roles in the negotiation), the online document system includes a permissions system that allows per-clause control over user's access to propose and approve changes to a negotiated document. Similarly, the user interfaces for viewing a negotiated document provided by the online document system to users can depend on the role of that user in editing the document and the current stage of the negotiation of the document. Finally, the online document system can track agreement between sides in a negotiation on a per-clause basis and can otherwise help facilitate the negotiation of the document.

This disclosure relates generally to the negotiation of customized documents, and more specifically to an online document system and interface to facilitate multi-party negotiations of document contents.
Reaching agreement on a contract, sale terms, or other document agreed on between two or more entities (such as companies, individuals, groups, or the like) can involve prolonged negotiations over the exact terms of the contract or other contents of the document. A negotiation between two entities can be an extended process involving multiple rounds of edits and versions from all sides. Existing systems for managing negotiation documents often rely on users uploading and reuploading various proposed versions of the negotiated document to a central repository (which can then be downloaded by the other side and changed/critiqued). Generally, these systems make use of existing document editing software and require a user to be familiar with not only the document editing software itself, but with the specific procedures needed to upload the proposed versions of the documents to the system for viewing by the other party in the negotiation. For example, a user may have to take specific steps to download the current version of the negotiated document, identify the changes from the previous version that was last proposed, and then prepare a new version to upload to the central repository.
However, the manual upload and editing process used by many existing systems (having individual users download and independently work on the documents) can leave open multiple avenues for user mistakes that can interrupt the negotiation process. For example, a user can upload the wrong documents (for example an internal version or previous version of the document), a user can become confused with the system when uploading and downloading document versions (as much of the activity happens in the document editing software outside of the system itself), or other similar problems can occur which can cause delays and unnecessary confusion in the negotiation process.

Automated collaborative document progress interface in an online document system


A digital camera in which a recording portion made up of a microcomputer 110 and a card slot 153 performs predetermined processing on image data generated by a CMOS sensor 130 so that the image data takes on the aspect ratio accepted via an operation portion 140 while in live view mode, or performs predetermined processing on the image data generated by the CMOS sensor 130 so that the image data takes on the aspect ratio of an optical viewfinder while in viewfinder mode. The image data is then stored in a memory card 300. Through this configuration, it is possible to provide a digital camera in which an image of a composition that suits the user's intent can be recorded, as well as in which the image can be recorded having an aspect ratio that the user desires, selected from among a plurality of aspect ratios.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a digital camera, and particularly relates to a digital camera that includes a movable mirror and that allows a subject image to be viewed through a digital viewfinder.
2. Description of Related Art
Digital single-lens reflex cameras include an electronic viewfinder and an optical viewfinder, and thus it is possible to switch a subject image formed by an optical imaging system by a movable mirror and view the subject image through the optical viewfinder. Therefore, no inconsistencies arise between the recorded subject image and the subject image displayed in the optical viewfinder, and imaging operations thus can be performed in a satisfactory manner.
A digital single-lens reflex camera that includes a live view mode has been disclosed in, for example, Patent Reference 1 (JP 2001-272593A).
Meanwhile, technology that changes the aspect ratio of an image by changing the cutout range of the image data acquired from the imaging elements is being put into actual use. According to this technology, it is possible to record image data of various aspect ratios with a single imaging apparatus.
However, when recording image data of an aspect ratio different from the aspect ratio of the optical viewfinder is also allowed in a mode in which a shot is composed using the optical viewfinder, the image seen when composing the shot will differ from the image recorded, and thus image data that differs from what the user intended to capture will be recorded.
In order to prevent this from occurring, changing the aspect ratio of the optical viewfinder in accordance with the aspect ratio of the recorded image can be considered, but in order to implement such a scheme, it is necessary to provide an additional system for limiting the field of view of the optical viewfinder.


The clamping arrangement (1, 6) comprises a clamping body (6) and an implant pin (1) fastened therein. The clamping body (6) has a recess (7) for receiving the implant pin (1) and a slit (10), starting at the recess (7), by means of which two clamping jaws (8, 9) are formed which, when pressed together, cause the fastening of the implant pin (1). The slit (10) is arranged in such a way that its imagined extension contains the longitudinal axis of the implant pin (1). To reduce material fatigue and wear, either the outer surface of the implant pin (1) or the wall of the recess (7) have set-back areas (6.7, 6.8), which do not touch the surface respectively located opposite them. With suitable embodiment and arrangement, the set-back areas and the relief recesses (1.3, 1.4, 6.3, 6.4) can be created in the same step, in particular by means of a screw thread or several channels in the implant pin (1) or the recess (7). To prevent nicking effects at the exit cross sections of the implant pin (1) from the clamping body (6), either the areas of these exit cross sections of the implant pin (1), or the areas of the end cross sections of the recess (7) have relief recesses (1.3, 1.4, 6.3, 6.4). The clamping arrangement (1, 6) is employed as part of an internal or external fixation device for orthopedic or traumatologic treatments.

Clamping devices of this type are used in orthopedics and traumatology for various purposes as components of internal or external fixation devices. For example, Swiss Patent Application 00186/96 describes an internal fixation device which is used in case of morbid changes, such as spondylosis at vertebrae and disks, wherein the position of the vertebrae is corrected and the relative position of the affected vertebrae caused by the correction is fixed in place.
A fixation device of the type mentioned at the outset basically consists of an implant pin which is fastened in a bone. Generally pins with a thread, i.e. screws, are used as implant pins, which are screwed into a prepared bore in the bone. The portion of the implant pin outside of the bone protrudes through a first recess, or respectively bore of a clamping body. Within the scope of the instant description, the term "clamping arrangement" should be understood as being the clamping body and the implant pin fastened therein. The clamping body has a second bore which is oriented transversely in respect to the first bore and in which a clamping screw is received. A slit starting at the first bore and extending perpendicularly in respect to the longitudinal axis of the clamping screw forms two resilient clamping jaws on the clamping body. The slit is arranged in such a way that its imagined extension contains the longitudinal axis of the implant pin. The clamping screw is used for clamping the clamping jaws together and in the process to fix the implant pin in place in the clamping body. The head of the clamping screw is designed in such a way that it can receive a connecting rod, which also extends through respective heads of clamping screws of one or several more fixation devices, wherein the connecting rod can be straight or curved, depending on the requirements. With internal fixation devices, all above described components are inside the body of the person with the implant, while with external fixation devices only a portion of the implant pin is arranged in the body of the person with the implant, while the remainder of the implant pin protrudes out of the body, so that the clamping body and the connecting rod are located outside the body of the person with the implant.
In the course of movements of the person with the implant, the implant pin and the clamping body also move, which can also cause relative movements between the implant pin and the clamping body. Regardless of whether these are linear movements in the direction of the axis of the implant pin or rotations of the implant pin or bending of the implant pin, these relative movements are always minute movements. The forces transferred in the course of the relative movements between the implant pin and the clamping body not only result in mechanical wear indications on the surface, caused by friction, but mainly also, since these are alternating stresses, in fatigue of the material, which has a negative effect on the service life of the clamping arrangement. This undesired effect not only occurs in the cross sections where the implant pin exits the clamping body, but at the entire contact surface between the implant pin and the clamping body. Material fatigue in particular results in the formation of fine cracks, which has a particularly disadvantageous effect on the implant pin as the mechanically weaker component. If stress peaks occur over time because of particular movements of the person with the implant, larger cracks extending from the fatigue cracks can form, from which overload breakage can develop in the end. As already mentioned, it is also disadvantageous that rubbed off particles are created from the frictional forces between the surface of the implant pin and the wall of the recess in the clamping body, which are also a sign of undesirable wear and which, in the case of internal fixation devices, can lead to metallosis in the case of internal fixation devices. Although generally implants are made of materials which are physiologically well tolerated, this applies only to particles of macroscopic size, while microscopic elements, such as rubbed-off particles made of the same materials are physiologically not tolerated and can result in the metallosis mentioned.

Clamping arrangements for an orthopedic fixation device and use thereof


An account associated with a card is characterized by one or more budgetary items (collectively contained within a budget) that may be created by the card holder, account holder or a third party. A budgetary item may be created based on a time period regardless of the funds presently in the account. A budgetary item may be categorized by function, item or merchant. For example, a budgetary item may be created for “household supplies”, “shoes” or “The Gap”. The budget may be stored by the card itself, a financial institution or by a third party. When a purchase is being made, a transaction is initiated between the merchant/supplier of the goods or services and the account holder similar to conventional transactions. The budgetary items are used to determine, in part, whether a proposed financial transaction is to be authorized, in whole or in part, or rejected, in whole or in part.

A significant number of financial transactions occur without the use or exchange of physical currency between transacting parties. Many of these transactions occur using credit cards, smart cards, debit cards and the like (hereinafter collectively referred to as "cards"). Each card is typically associated with one or more accounts which indicate the amount of funds which are available. For example, a credit card is typically associated with an express or variable credit limit (with the variable credit limit often determined by a complex algorithm based on a person's financial resources, recent purchasing habits, and the value of the purchase being transacted). A smart card is associated with an amount of funds stored electronically by the card itself. A debit card may be associated with a person's chequing, savings, money market or other financial account held by a financial institution (e.g., a bank, a brokerage or financial services company, etc.)
Cards have become extremely popular and are increasing in their popularity. Visa International, based on May, 2001 statistics, reports that there is nearly US$3.4 trillion dollars per year in expenditures, worldwide, using credit and debit cards and this level expenditure is increasing at a rate in excess of 20% per year. Visa International, and its member institutions, have issued in excess of one billion Visa credit cards.
However, the ubiquity of use of these cards and the ease which many people acquire one or usually multiple cards, sometimes results in financial difficulties for some people.
Additionally, many people have difficulties in budgeting and ensuring that any income is allocated appropriately. For example, many people create a budget for future spending but have difficulties in ensuring that the actual expenditures follow planned expenditures. Additionally, some government or non-governmental agencies provide assistance through various programs (e.g., food stamps, child assistance programs, food programs, assistance for utilities, etc.) and wish to ensure that their clientele are using the assistance as designed. Other persons (e.g., family members, universities, governments, etc.) provide assistance to students and wish to ensure that the assistance is also used appropriately (i.e., for food, texts, tuition rather than being used for travel, entertainment, etc.).
Attempts have been made to assist card users in managing their finances. For example, some card issuing companies issue an end of year statement breaking down a year's worth of expenditure into various expense categories (e.g., travel expenses, etc.). Other attempts have been made to allow cards to be issued to a family member of the card holder (typically a child) with a reduced monthly spending limit. However, these attempts at assistance, while having some benefit to the card holders, fall short of the assistance desired or required.
Finally, there are many members of society that are unable to gain access to a card due to a person's current or previous financial situation. This may cause significant hardship in gaining access to certain services (e.g., rental of property such as cars, video tapes, etc.) or in embarrassment in using some of the other forms of social assistance (e.g., welfare cheques, food stamps, etc.)
Accordingly, improvements to the shortcomings described above relating to authorization for, and restriction of, financial transactions is desired.

International Business Machines Corporation