A processor transfers control information set for each connection from a second memory to a first memory, and updates the control information stored in the first memory in accordance with processing of the connection. The processor selects control information updated in the first memory, and transfers the selected control information from the first memory to the second memory.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a communication apparatus for processing a connection.
2. Description of the Related Art
Along with the prevalence of Gigabit Ethernet(R) and the like, not only general-purpose PCs but also embedded devices are required to execute network protocol processing at high speed.
In order to achieve the Full-wire speed of Gigabit Ethernet(R), a processor with an operating frequency of about 3 GHz is required. Such operating frequency is far beyond the performances of processors normally equipped in embedded devices. Hence, it is becoming increasingly popular to realize broadband network communications by adding, to a system, an auxiliary device such as a TOE (TCP/IP Offload Engine) specialized to protocol processing. An example of the prior art of the TOE is disclosed in WO0013091.
PCB handling is important in TCP protocol processing. A PCB is an abbreviation for a protocol control block. The PCB is context information configured by several ten types of parameters (variables) prepared for each TCP connection, and which PCB information is to be used must be looked up and determined every time a TCP packet is received.
Elements of each PCB are variables which are frequently accessed during TCP processing, i.e., keystone variables in the TCP processing. Upon speeding up of TCP, speeding up of PCB lookups and accesses is indispensable.
In the invention disclosed in WO0013091, a high access speed is realized by copying and holding a PCB required to execute the TCP protocol processing from a main memory to a high-speed temporary memory such as an SRAM or the like. At this time, when the number of connections increases, and all PCBs cannot fall within the temporary memory, replacement processing is executed between the temporary memory and main memory so that temporary memory holds only required PCBs.
As described above, by storing and processing PCBs in a high-speed temporary memory, protocol stack processing can be speeded up. However, in consideration of the processing performance, the influence of the replacement processing of the PCBs in the temporary memory must be taken into consideration. The replacement of PCBs in the temporary memory frequently occurs when the capacity of the temporary memory is smaller than the number of connections. This problem is serious in a system of embedded devices since the capacity of the temporary memory cannot be increased in terms of cost.
Upon replacing PCBs in the temporary memory, one of PCBs stored in the temporary memory is selected, is written back to the main memory, and a newly required PCB is then read out. Since the data size of a PCB is as large as a hundred and several ten bytes, a time period required for the temporary memory replacement imposes a serious influence on the system performance. Hence, it is demanded to shorten this time period.


A concrete repairing agent injection plug for injecting the concrete repairing agent into an injection groove formed in a concrete wall to be repaired, The injection plug and the injection groove provide sufficient fluid tightness regardless of surface irregularities of the wall adjacent or around the injection groove so as to avoid leakage of the repairing agent during injection work. A elastic member is provided which is partly or fully inserted into the injection groove. First and second pressure plates are provided for interposing therebetween the elastic member. Distance between the first and second pressure plates is changeable by a pressure mechanism. When the distance is reduced, the elastic member is compressed and is laterally expanded to brought into intimate contact with walls of the injection groove to thus close an open end portion of the groove. A concrete repairing agent injection pipe is detachably insertable into through holes arranged in line through the pressure members and the elastic member. Upon completion of the sealing to the injection groove by the elastic member, the repairing agent is injected into the groove through the injection pipe.

The present invention relates to an injection plug for injecting a repairing agent into a concrete wall for its remedial purpose.
Degradation of concrete material of a concrete construction has been brought to attention. The degradation may be caused through various reasons. The degradation of the concrete may incur separation of a furring mortar formed over the concrete body. Such separation leads to falling of the skin members of a building, which may cause fatal accident for passersby. Accordingly, a proposal for a concrete wall repairing method is becoming a socially urgent matter.
The present inventors have proposed a novel method for injecting a concrete repairing agent, in which double concrete cutters are used for forming a circular injection groove having an approximately constant width, and a concrete repairing agent injection plug which practices the method. These proposals have been described in a copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/714,943 filed Jun. 13, 1991.
The concrete repairing agent injection plug disclosed in the copending application is very effective when used to practice the above described injection method. However, the device has a packing surface which is depressed onto an outer wall surface portion surrounding the injection groove, and the packing is sealingly fixed at the portion for closing an opening end of the injection groove. The device may incur the following disadvantages:
When setting the injection plug over a coarse outer surface which is provided by spraying a mixture of coarse sands and a paint, it is necessary to enhance fluid-tightness between the packing surface and the outer wall surface, at which the open end of the injection groove is positioned. To this effect, the outer surface must be subjected to machining with an electric disc grinder or the like so as to provide a smooth surface of the outer wall in order to provide intimate contact between the wall surface and the packing surface.
If the injection plug is to be set on a locally irregular surface of the outer wall such as a joint lines of the tiles, it would be impossible to provide sufficient fluid tightness between the packing and the outer surface.
It would be rather difficult to fix the injection plug over a curved outer wall surface due to the configuration of the packing.
Residual injection material may be adhered and fixed at an inner wall surface of the injection plug and the packing. Thus, it would be troublesome to remove the residual injection material therefrom.
The residual material may be solidify at an injection nipple and close a fluid passage defined in the injection plug device. The removal work may be troublesome. Particularly, if a check valve is provided within the fluid passage, it would be very difficult to remove the solidified residual material therefrom.


Systems and methods that enable a reduction of the power consumption involved in measuring a user's affective response to content with a sensor belonging to a wearable device. The reduction in power consumption is achieved by utilizing eye tracking to determine when a user is paying attention to the content, and accordingly setting a mode of operation of the wearable device to measure the user. Thus, by using different modes of operation, which are characterized by different energy consumption rates, the total power consumption of the wearable device may be reduced, essentially without loss of relevant measurements.

Through numerous interactions with computer systems in their day-to-day lives, users are exposed to a wide array of content, such communications (e.g., video, instant messaging, or interacting with a virtual agent) and various forms of digital media (e.g., internet sites, television shows, movies, augmented reality, and/or interactive computer games). Throughout these many interactions, affective computing systems can measure a user's affective response to the content and analyze the information. This analysis may provide insight that can be used to improve the current and/or future content presented to the user. For example, a computer game may be able to recognize if the difficulty level of the game is appropriate for the user, and adapt the game accordingly. In another example, a television may learn what programs a user is likely to enjoy from monitoring the user's reaction to previously shown programs. The television may then be able to select and deliver more appropriate content to the user, with essentially no need for the user to actively choose or intervene.
Advances in human-computer interaction have led to the development of multiple devices that may be utilized to measure a person's affective response. For example, systems like Microsoft Kinect (tm) that involve inexpensive cameras and advanced analysis methods are able to track a user's movement, allowing the user to interact with computers using gestures. Similarly, eye tracking is another technology that is finding its way into more and more computing. Tracking a user's gaze with one or more cameras enables computer systems to detect what content or objects the user is paying attention to. Other technologies found in an increasing number of consumer applications include various sensors that can measure physiological signals such as heart rate, blood-volume pulse, galvanic skin response (GSR), skin temperature, respiration, or brainwave activity such as electroencephalography (EEG).
Often, the devices used to measure users are mobile and/or wireless (e.g., bracelets with GSR sensors, cameras, headsets with EEG sensors or implants); thus, they tend to required batteries for power. However, taking the multitude of measurements of a user's affective response, which affective computing application often demands, may consume a lot of power that may drain the sensors' batteries. Unfortunately, the need to supply sufficient power for operating sensors and/or analyzing the data they produce is currently met by unsatisfactory means. For example, the size of the battery powering a sensor may be increased, but this is undesirable since it makes the mobile devices more cumbersome and less comfortable for the user. Another inconvenient possibility is to recharge power sources more often to meet the power demands. Yet another possibility is to measure users less or decrease the quality of the measurements, thus reducing the sensors' power demands. However, this too is problematic, since it means that the computer systems may reduce the quality of service provided.
Thus, there is a need to reduce the power consumption of devices used to measure affective response, and to do so without severely inconveniencing users or dramatically reducing the quality of data provided by the devices.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Reducing power consumption of a wearable device utilizing eye tracking


A method for improving the heating efficiency of steam wherein a polyamine represented by the following general formula (1) is caused to be present in a steam system to be used for heating. R1—[NH—(CH2)m]n—NH2 . . . (1) wherein R1 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 10 to 22 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 1 to 8, and n is an integer of 1 to 7; and when n is 2 or more, a plurality of NH—(CH2)m may be identical or different.

In papermaking factories, food and beverage-manufacturing factories and the like, products are heated by steam for treatments of drying, concentrating or sterilizing thereof. For example, in papermaking facilities, wet paper having a moisture content of about 50% is dried to have a moisture content of about 5 to 10% by a steam dryer equipped with a rotary drum.
FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating a wet paper drying facility using a Yankee dryer (a dryer composed of one large-diameter cast iron cylinder) as a steam dryer. Feed-water is supplied to boilers 5 via a makeup water apparatus 1, a feed-water tank 2, a pipe 3 and a feed-water header 4. Water vapor generated in the boilers 5 is supplied into a drum 11 of the Yankee dryer via a water vapor piping 6, a water vapor header 7, a pipe 8, a flow rate regulating valve 9 and a pipe 10.
The drum 11 is rotationally driven in the clockwise direction in FIG. 1. Wet paper P is brought into contact with the peripheral surface of the drum 11 and dried, separated off the peripheral surface, and thereafter fed to a product winding step. The moisture content of the dried paper and the temperature of the drum peripheral surface are measured by sensors, and based on the measurements, the water vapor flow rate is regulated by the valve 9.
Condensed water W generated by condensation of water vapor in the drum 11 is fed to a flash tank 14 via a siphon pipe 12 and a pipe 13, and returned to the feed-water tank 2 via a strainer 15. In the drum 11, the condensed water W is pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the drum 11 by a centrifugal force accompanying the rotation of the drum 11 to be lifted in the rotation direction of the drum 11. Thereby, a water film is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the drum 11.
The drying step of the paper in the papermaking facility involves gradually raising the temperature of moisture and pulp contained in the wet paper to evaporate water. A needed quantity of heat is imparted mainly by steam in individual dryers so that the paper is dried to a specified moisture content at the place (dry end) where the paper is separated off the peripheral surface of the drum 11.
In order to raise the amount of paper to be produced by raising the drying efficiency of the wet paper, it is needed that the condensed water W generated in the drum 11 is efficiently discharged to reduce the water film.
As a countermeasure thereto, a method of causing condensed water film accumulated in a dryer drum to be ununiform by reducing the drum rotation rate to make the papermaking rate low, installing protrusions called spoiler bars in the drum, or otherwise is carried out. The lowered papermaking rate, however, leads to a reduction of the production amount per unit time. The installation of the spoiler bars involves facility renewal and then engineering work.
In order to suppress the formation of a condensed water film in a drum without using these methods, there has been proposed a method of adding a long-chain aliphatic amine such as octadecylamine as a contact angle-increasing agent for increasing the contact angle of the drum inner peripheral surface with water (Patent Literature 1).
The long-chain aliphatic amine proposed in Patent Literature 1 is a straight long-chain aliphatic amine represented by the general formula: CH3(CH2)mNH2 (m=9 to 23). Patent Literature 1 makes no disclosure of a polyamine to be used in the present invention.
PTL1: JP 2011-12921 A
By the method of Patent Literature 1, the improvement of the papermaking rate and the improvement of the production amount of paper due to the effect of suppressing formation of a condensed water film in a drum of a steam dryer can be achieved. However, clogging occurs in the system particularly when chemical agents are excessively added and the cleaning frequency becomes high.

Method for improving efficiency of steam heating, and papermaking method


A sheet material dispenser includes a controller for automatically controlling the lengths of sheet materials dispensed from a continuous roll by identifying the type of sheet materials on the roll and dispensing suitable lengths of the identified sheet material. The dispenser desirably has a support for rotatably supporting a roll of sheet material carrying identification relating to the type of sheet material on the roll, and an identifier positioned in or adjacent the dispenser for identifying the type of sheet material on the roll. A processor receives data from the identifier, processes the data and generates an output command, and a controller controls the lengths of sheet material dispensed from the roll in response to the output command. In this way, more absorbent products may be dispensed in shorter lengths and less absorbent products may be dispensed in longer lengths.

The present invention relates to the dispensing of sheet material. More specifically, the invention relates to an apparatus for dispensing predetermined lengths of sheet material.
Sheet material dispensers for dispensing, for example, but not by way of limitation, paper towels, generally include a housing, and a supply of sheet material within the housing in the form of individual sheets, folded sheets, festooned sheets, or a roll of sheet material which can be dispensed as individual sheet materials, such as, for example only, paper towels. Roll towel dispensers typically include a mechanism for advancing sheets or unrolling the sheet material roll. In some dispensers, the mechanism includes a lever or a crank for manually dispensing sheet material from the roll, and the dispenser housing often carries a blade for cutting the lengths of sheet material from the roll. Manual contact with a dispenser lever or one or more sheets touched by another user can be a health hazard for a user, especially in certain environments such as, by way of non-limiting example, in hospitals, and so forth.
Further, another disadvantage of sheet dispensers is that the softness and absorbency characteristics of the sheet material, or lack thereof, are limited by the mechanical and/or electrical limitations of the dispenser. That is, the dispenser has a predetermined setting which provides the same amount of sheet material to a user, whether or not the sheet material is a soft, highly absorbent sheet material, or whether the sheet material has a much lower absorbency.
A sheet material which is soft and highly absorbent only requires, for example, about eleven to twelve inches, or less, of sheet material per hand drying even to sufficiently dry a user's hands to the user's satisfaction. A sheet which is not highly absorbent may require fourteen inches, eighteen inches, or more to sufficiently dry a user's hands to the user's satisfaction. When a dispenser is preset to dispense, for example, about twelve inches of sheet material, it may satisfy a user if highly absorbent. However, if the sheet material is low absorbency, it will likely result in the user obtaining at least another twelve (12) inch sheet. This results in waste, higher costs to maintain sheet material in the dispenser, and a greater environmental impact.
Some dispensers allow a change in length of the sheet material dispensed by a manual manipulation of the dispenser prior to the introduction of a new roll of sheet material. A disadvantage with these dispensers is that they require an operator to manually adjust the sheet material length during replacement of a roll. Apart from requiring time, effort and expertise from the operator, there is the risk of human error in the resetting operation.
Accordingly, there remains a need in the art for a sheet material dispenser which automatically dispenses different lengths of sheet material based on characteristics of the sheet material, such as absorbency, and so forth. Desirably, such a sheet material dispenser would recognize the sheet material, and would dispense an appropriate amount in one sheet to satisfy a user's hand drying needs, but limit cost and waste.

Apparatus and method for dispensing sheet material


A system or method for counting the number of layers of a multilayer object is adapted for counting the number of layers by means of a simple arrangement of emitting an electromagnetic wave to strike the object that is in a multilayer state. In the system or method, an electromagnetic wave is caused to strike at least either the top surface or the bottom surface of a multilayer object and electromagnetic waves generated by reflection of the incident electromagnetic wave at the respective interfaces of the layers of the multilayer object or an electromagnetic wave generated by transmission of the electromagnetic wave through the multilayer object.

Some known systems and methods for counting the number of layers of a multilayer object will be described below. FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a system and a method that are known for counting the number of layers of a multilayer object formed by laying sheets of a material (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-44826). FIG. 9 illustrates the configuration of the known counting system. Referring to FIG. 9, the system comprises a first projector 74a for projecting infrared rays that strike a lateral surface of a multilayer object 12 (film) mounted on a reference table 75, a second projector 74b (mounted on a lamp holding plate 72) for irradiating auxiliary light onto the top surface of the film, a third projector 74c for irradiating auxiliary light onto the bottom surface of the film, which projectors are controlled by a lighting unit 73. Infrared rays irradiated from the first projector are transmitted through the film and received by an optical receiver 77. The reception signal that represents the received infrared rays is supplied to a processing unit 78 as image information 81 on the distribution of intensity of the transmitted infrared rays relative to the Z-axis of the coordinate system shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. The processing unit 78 counts the number of layers of the film by detecting the multilayer lines in the image information 81.
FIGS. 11, 12A and 12B illustrate a system and a method that are known for checking the number of cards (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H06-241763). Referring to FIGS. 12A and 12B, cards 102 having at least a metal foil layer or a metal oxide layer laid on part or all of the surface thereof are rigidly secured to a pasteboard 101 and contained in an envelope 99 in a sealed state with an enclosed object 103. An electromagnetic wave is irradiated from an electromagnetic radiator sensor 91 arranged outside the envelope 99 onto the cards in the envelope 99 and the electromagnetic wave reflected from the cards and the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the cards are detected respectively by a reflected wave receiving sensor 92 and a transmitted wave receiving sensor 93 (FIG. 11) to produce respective output waveforms as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, each of which illustrates the change with time of the output voltage value. The output waveforms (reference patterns) obtained from certain numbers (0 to 4) of cards are stored in advance in a primary judging section 94 as shown in FIG. 11 and the number of cards contained in the envelope 99 is judged to be 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 by the reflected wave sensor and the transmitted wave sensor who compare the detected waveforms with the waveforms of the reference patterns. The number of cards that is detected by the primary judging section 94 is compared with the number of cards that is supposed to be found in the envelope 99 by a secondary judging section 95 as the number of cards that is supposed to be found in the envelope 99 is input from a data base 98 that stores the number in advance or as the number of cards that is supposed to be found in the envelope 99 as recorded (printed) on the pasteboard 101 or the envelope 99 is read by a CCD camera through the window of the envelope immediately before or after the irradiation of the electromagnetic wave and judged by the secondary judging section to agree with each other or not. A normal signal SS is sent to a control section 97 that controls the entire system when the two numbers agree with each other, whereas an abnormal signal ES is sent to the control section 97 when the two numbers do not agree with each other. The checking operation is continued when a normal signal SS is input to the control section 97, whereas an operation of removing the envelope out of the line is conducted when an abnormal signal ES is input to the control section 97. The results of the process of checking the numbers of cards are sequentially recorded in a recording section 96 and a report describing the results is printed out so that the operator can keep the checking process under control so as to make it proceed properly.

System and method for counting number of layers of multilayer object by means of electromagnetic wave


Disclosed is a housing for a reverse osmosis filter. The housing is preferably cylindrical and features a unique sealing assembly at each of its ends. The end assemblies enable the interior of the housing to be readily accessed and securely sealed. Each end assembly can be provided with one or more inlet and/or outlet ports.

Reverse osmosis is a well-known process for the separation of solvent from a solvent-solute solution. The process utilizes a semipermeable membrane and high pressures to selectively diffuse solvent molecules through the membrane resulting in separation of pure solvent from the solvent-solute solution.
Reverse osmosis systems typically utilize a cylindrical filter having walls formed from a semipermeable membrane material. A solvent-solute solution, from which pure solvent is to be removed, is contacted with the outer circumferential membrane wall of the filter. Upon application of sufficient pressure to the solution and filter exterior, i.e. typically at least about 100 psi and often from about 500 psi to about 1500 psi, solution is driven toward the interior of the filter. Pure solvent is then typically collected from the ends of the filter.
Filter housings are provided for containing reverse osmosis filters. The housings are commonly formed from steel in view of the relatively high pressures existing within the housing during separation. As will be appreciated, steel housings are expensive and so have to some extent, limited the applicability and use of reverse osmosis systems.
Plastic filter housings have been introduced which although satisfactory in many respects, still present several significant drawbacks. Currently available plastic filter housings for reverse osmosis filters utilize end caps that are bonded or otherwise affixed to the filter housing. Such attachment renders accessing the interior of the housing exceedingly difficult. Even if an end cap is successfully removed without damaging the cap or housing, such as to replace a filter cartridge, the end cap must then be re-attached. Re-attached end caps are often susceptible to failure upon pressurization of the filter housing. Thus, there is a need for an improved end cap assembly that enables ready removal of an end cap and secure re-attachment thereof to a plastic filter housing, without a loss in the integrity of the housing upon reassembly.
Another drawback to currently known filter housings, metal or plastic, is the limited degree of installation flexibility. That is, except for custom designed housings and systems which are typically relatively expensive, commercially available housings are available in only a limited number of connection configurations. Thus, it would be desirable to provide a filter housing with an increased number of connection configurations.

Filament wound housing for a reverse osmosis filter cartridge


An array substrate, a display device comprising the array substrate and a method of manufacturing the array substrate are provided. The array substrate include a substrate (1) and a plurality of sub-pixel units on the substrate (1), and each of the sub-pixel units includes a thin film transistor main body layer (2) and a color filter layer (5) disposed above the thin film transistor main body layer (2), and the thin film transistor main body layer (2) includes a gate layer (21), a source layer, a drain layer (24) and a passivation layer (25), an additional layer (7) is further disposed on an upper surface of the thin film transistor main body layer (2), a hollow photoresist material containing part (50) is disposed in a region of the additional layer corresponding to each of the sub-pixel units, a color film material is disposed within the photoresist material containing part (50), and a pixel electrode via hole (6) is formed in the additional layer (7) and the passivation layer (25) at a region corresponding to the drain layer (24). The thin film transistor in the array substrate has a more stable performance, the array substrate has a simpler manufacturing process and lower cost, and the display devices comprising the array substrate has a more stable performance.

Along with technical developments, flat panel display devices have substituted bulky CRT display devices and become current mainstream display devices. Currently, common flat panel display devices comprise an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) display device.
The liquid crystal display device comprises an array substrate and a color filter substrate between which liquid crystals are filled. A thin film transistor (TFT) is disposed on the array substrate, and is a control member as to whether light can be emitted out of the display device, and the TFT comprises a plurality of layer structures such as a gate layer, a gate insulating layer, an active layer, a passivation layer and a source/drain layer; a color filter layer (also called a color filter sheet) is disposed on the color filter substrate, and the color filter layer is a key member as to whether the display device can be colorized and comprises a plurality of color sub-layers such as red, green and blue. The white light emitted from a backlight passes through the color filter layer and generates three primary colors of red, green and blue respectively by way of the color resist of the color filter layer; meanwhile, a thin film transistor array is used to adjust the voltage loaded on the electrodes, such that liquid crystal molecules are deflected to control the passage of the light, change the proportion of the three primary colors, and finally achieve the color display of images. During manufacturing the liquid crystal display device, usually the color filter substrate and the array substrate are manufactured respectively, and then the color filter substrate and the array substrate are assembled and packaged together. In order to ensure the normal operation of the liquid crystal panel, it requires a high precision on the alignment and assembling of the array substrate and the color filter substrate.
The OLED is a light emitting device using an organic solid semiconductor as a light emitting material, and the OLED display device is a display device using the OLED to realize image display. Wherein, the technology of a white OLED (i.e., WOLED) is especially mature and has good stability and a simple manufacturing process, thus is widely used in display devices. Being the same with the liquid crystal display device, the WOLED display device uses the color filter layer to realize colorization.
In the liquid crystal display device or the WOLED display device, each externally visible minimum pixel point (i.e., "visible pixel") is constituted by a plurality of pixel units, and each of the pixel units has different colors of color filter layers, thus the light which passes through different pixel units is changed into different colors after passing through the color filter layer, and the different colors of light are mixed to be the light emitted from the "visible pixel".
Along with the development of display technologies, currently, a mode that the color filter layer is disposed on the array substrate (Color Filter on Array, COA for short) to achieve color display appears in the WOLED display device. As illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, on the array substrate already formed with a thin film transistor main body layer 2 (comprising a gate layer 21, a gate insulating layer 22, an active layer 23, a source/drain layer 24 and a passivation layer 25 (PVX for short)), a color filter layer 5 is formed on the passivation layer 25 using a photoetching process (comprising a plurality of steps such as coating, exposing and developing), as illustrated in FIG. 1A; and then a flat protective layer 4 is formed on the color filter layer 5, and finally a pixel electrode via hole 6 is formed, as illustrated in FIG. 1B. Using this mode can save the separate manufacturing of the color filter substrate, and the precision on the alignment and assembling of the color filter substrate and the array substrate need not be considered; and the manufactured array substrate has good stability, thus it is currently a common method to achieve the full color of the WOLED display device. However, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the passivation layer 25 of the thin film transistor main body layer further comprises the pixel electrode via hole 6 (Via Hole), the pixel electrode via hole 6 is firstly formed above the thin film transistor main body layer 2, and when the photoetching process is adopted to form the color filter layer 5, the step of coating the photoresist material and the metal ions, water molecules and etc. in the developer adopted in the developing step in the photoetching process affect the characteristics of the thin film transistor; also, a color filter layer 5 is first formed on the thin film transistor main body layer 2, and when the pixel electrode via holes 6 are etched in the passivation layer 25, the acid substance and etc. in an etching liquid affect the characteristics of the color filter layer 5.
During manufacturing the liquid crystal display device, although the color filter layer can be formed on the array substrate referring to the COA mode by which the WOLED display device achieves color display, according to the method of adopting the photoetching process to form the color filter layer in the prior art, the problem of affecting the characteristics of the thin film transistor will inevitably appear.

Array substrate, display device and method of manufacturing the array substrate


Water-soluble aryl imidate activated polyalkylene oxides having improved hydrolytic stability and conjugates of the aryl imidate activated polyalkylene oxides with biologically active nucleophiles are disclosed. Methods of preparing the activated polyalkylene oxides and conjugates thereof are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to aryl imidate activated polyalkylene oxides having improved hydrolytic stability, and to water-soluble polyalkylene oxide conjugates prepared therefrom.
The conjugation of water-soluble polyalkylene oxides with useful molecules such as proteins and polypeptides is well known. The coupling of peptides and polypeptides to polyethylene glycol (PEG) and similar water-soluble polyalkylene oxides is disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 4,179,337 to Davis et al.
Davis et al. discloses that physiologically active polypeptides modified with PEG exhibit dramatically reduced immunogenicity and antigenicity. Also, the polyalkylene oxide conjugates, when injected into a living organism, have been shown to remain in the bloodstream considerably longer than the corresponding native proteins. Accordingly, a number of polyalkylene oxide conjugated therapeutic proteins have been developed exhibiting reduced immunogenicity and antogenicity and longer clearance times, while retaining a substantial portion of the protein's physiological activity. Significant polyalkylene oxide conjugated therapeutic proteins include tissue plasminogen activator, insulin, interleukin II and hemoglobin.
The utility of polyalkylene oxide conjugation is not limited to the modification of proteins and polypeptides. Activated polyalkylene oxides will react with essentially any nucleophile. The coupling of polyalkylene oxides with oligonucleotides is disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 4,904,582 to Tullis. U.S. Pat. No. 5,160,734 discloses sustained release formulations of polyalkylene oxides coupled with dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.
To conjugate polyalkylene oxides, the hydroxyl end-groups of the polymer must first be converted into, that is, substituted with, reactive functional groups. This process is frequently referred to as "activation" and the product is called an "activated polyalkylene oxide."
Until recently, covalent attachment of the polyalkylene oxide to an appropriate nucleophile was effected by activated polyalkylene oxides such as polyalkylene oxide succinoyl-N-hydroxy succinate, as disclosed by Abuchowski et al., Cancer Biochem. Biophys., 7, 175-86 (1984). This polyalkylene oxide derivative is desirable because it is reactive under mild conditions.
A shortcoming associated with this derivative, however, is the fact that it is relatively hydrolytically unstable when no nucleophile is present. Recently, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,122,614, polyalkylene oxide-N-succinimide carbonates were disclosed having improved hydrolytic stability over the polyalkylene oxide succinoyl succinates. Even so, these active esters undergo hydrolysis under the pH conditions necessary to deprotonate the epsilon-NH.sub.2 groups of polypeptide lysines for conjugation, which subject the activated polyalkylene oxide to hydroxyl attack. This does not affect the reaction end product, other than to reduce its yield. While reduced yields ordinarily affect product cost, the hydrolysis becomes even more costly for several reasons. Firstly, reaction mixtures cannot be prepared significantly in advance. Additional purification of the end product is required to remove the hydrolytic degradation products. Furthermore, the reduction in yield is compensated for by increasing the amount of activated polyalkylene oxide starting material. This increases the viscosity of the reaction mixture, thereby further increasing the processing cost, and potentially interferes with downstream purification of the polymer and conjugate.
There remains a need for hydrolytically stable activated polyalkylene oxides. One group of newly developed polyalkylene oxides is the polyalkylene oxide alkyl imidates of U.S. Pat. No. 4,791,192. However, Hunter et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 84, 3491-504 (1962) and Browne et al., Biochem. and Biophys. Res. Comm., 67(1), 126-32 (1975) studied the use of simple alkyl imidates to modify the primary amines of proteins and other small molecules and reported the alkyl imidates to be hydrolytically unstable at protein reaction conditions. Hunter et al., however, reported simple aryl imidates to be hydrolytically stable. Aryl imidate activated polyalkylene oxides are unreported.


A device for picking up dead animals, in particular chickens and turkeys is advanced comprising a telescoping shaft with a pair of adjustable jaws extending perpendicularly therefrom. The jaws define a wedge therebetween which holds the animal securely therebetween when the device is rotated in an upward direction. The lower jaw is slightly longer than the upper jaw to allow an individual to slide the lower jaw under the animal. An O-ring marker and measuring legend are carried by the exterior of the shaft to enable one to assess visually whether the livestock watering pipes are at the appropriate height.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to tools for picking up objects. In particular, the present invention advances a tool for lifting deceased animals.
2. Discussion of Background
There exists many situations wherein an individual must pick-up dead animals. Most notably, this task is faced on almost a daily basis by chicken and turkey farmers. The task involves searching through livestock and detecting dead birds. Once detected, the farmer usually bends over and picks up the deceased fowl by hand and subsequently disposes of it. For individuals with a large quantity of livestock, this removal procedure must be done repetitively, and if done manually, often leads to physical discomfort or injury. In addition, contact with these dead animals exposes the individual to disease. However, failure to promptly cull the dead birds increases the risk of exposing the livestock to infectious diseases.
Given the unavoidable but necessary task of removing deceased birds from livestock, the prior art has advanced several tools for use in picking up dead animals. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,458,385 teaches a grasping tool for picking up dead animals. The tool comprises a hollow shaft having an actuator mechanism. The actuator mechanism is operationally connected to a pair of pick-up plates fitted with sharp spikes and positioned at the end of the hollow shaft. In use, the operator pulls the actuator to close the plates, which in turn causes the spikes to penetrate the object of interest.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,785,689 teaches a grabbing tool having an angled shaft with a pair of tongs extending perpendicularly from the end of the shaft. A chain housed within the interior of the shaft effects closure of the tongs.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,885,824 advances a pickup device having a flat, pointed member which extends substantially perpendicular to a shaft. A pivotable member is disposed above the flat member and rotates downward toward the flat member to secure the object impaled on the flat member.
A problem shared by the devices advanced by the prior art is their reliance upon an actuator, usually a spring or chain, to effectuate closure of the jaws about the deceased animal. These actuation means increase manufacturing costs and complicate the process of culling dead animals from livestock. Moreover, these tools are normally left outdoors or in a barn where they are exposed to inclement weather. The actuation means are often made of material unsuitable for exposure to inclement weather and as a result, are prone to rust and consequent malfunction.
Therefore, there exists a need for an effective pick-up tool which is easy to manufacture, durable and simple to use.


Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for applying laser energy having desired pulse characteristics, including a sufficiently short duration and/or a sufficiently high energy for the photomechanical treatment of skin pigmentations and pigmented lesions, both naturally-occurring (e.g., birthmarks), as well as artificial (e.g., tattoos). The laser energy may be generated with an apparatus having a resonator with the capability of switching between a modelocked pulse operating mode and an amplification operating mode. The operating modes are carried out through the application of a time-dependent bias voltage, having waveforms as described herein, to an electro-optical device (e.g., a Pockels cell) positioned along the optical axis of the resonator.

Lasers are recognized as controllable sources of radiation that is relatively monochromatic and coherent (i.e., has little divergence). Laser energy is applied in an ever-increasing number of areas in diverse fields such as telecommunications, data storage and retrieval, entertainment, research, and many others. In the area of medicine, lasers have proven useful in surgical and cosmetic procedures where a precise beam of high energy radiation causes localized heating and ultimately the destruction of unwanted tissues. Such tissues include, for example, subretinal scar tissue that forms in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or the constituents of ectatic blood vessels that constitute vascular lesions.
The principle of selective photothermolysis underlies many conventional medical laser therapies to treat diverse dermatological problems such as leg veins, portwine stain birthmarks, and other ectatic vascular and pigmented lesions. The dermal and epidermal layers containing the targeted structures are exposed to laser energy having a wavelength that is preferentially or selectively absorbed in these structures. This leads to localized heating to a temperature (e.g., to about 70° C.) that denatures constituent proteins or disperses pigment particles. The fluence, or energy per unit area, used to accomplish this denaturation or dispersion is generally based on the amount required to achieve the desired targeted tissue temperature, before a significant portion of the absorbed laser energy is lost to diffusion. The fluence must, however, be limited to avoid denaturing tissues surrounding the targeted area.
Fluence, however, is not the only consideration governing the suitability of laser energy for particular applications. The pulse duration and pulse intensity, for example, can impact the degree to which laser energy diffuses into surrounding tissues during the pulse and/or causes undesired, localized vaporization. In terms of the pulse duration of the laser energy used, conventional approaches have focused on maintaining this value below the thermal relaxation time of the targeted structures, in order to achieve optimum heating. For the small vessels contained in portwine stain birthmarks, for example, thermal relaxation times and hence the corresponding pulse durations of the treating radiation are often on the order of hundreds of microseconds to several milliseconds.
The use of even shorter pulses, however, results in a change from photothermal to photomechanical processes. The latter mechanism is invoked by applying laser pulses having a duration that is below the acoustic transit time of a sound wave through targeted particles. This causes pressure to build up in the particles, in a manner analogous to the accumulation of heat within a target irradiated by laser pulses having a duration that is below the thermal relaxation time.
Photomechanical processes described above can provide commercially significant opportunities, particularly in the area of treating skin pigmentations including tattoos, portwine stains, and other birthmarks. The incidence of tattoos in the U.S. and other populations, for example, continues at a significant pace. Because tattoo pigment particles of about 1 micron in diameter or less may be cleared from the body via ordinary immune system processes, stable tattoos are likely composed of pigment particles having diameters on the order of 1-10 microns or more. As the speed of sound in many solid media is approximately 3000 meters/second, the acoustic transit time across such particles, and consequently the laser pulse duration required to achieve their photomechanical destruction, is as low as hundreds of picoseconds. The acoustic transit time of a sound wave in a particle is calculated by dividing the radius of the particle by the speed of sound in the particle.
In addition to such short pulse durations, high energy laser pulses are needed for significant disruption of tattoo pigment particles and other pigmentations. Required fluences of several joules per square centimeter and treatment spot sizes of a few millimeters in diameter translate to a desired laser output with several hundred millijoules (mJ) per pulse or more. Unfortunately, current systems capable of such short pulse duration and high energy output are too complex and/or expensive for practical use in the treatment or removal of tattoos and other pigmentations. These devices generally require two or more lasers and amplifier stages, together with multiple electro-optical and/or acousto-optic devices.
Sierra and Russell (SBIR Proposal to the NIH, submitted December 1993) disclose a device of reduced complexity, which demonstrated 100 millijoules of output. The device uses a single laser gain medium that is common to two resonators. A Pockels cell is used to sequentially select one or the other of the two resonators. Operation requires applying a bias voltage to the Pockels cell to establish a modelocked pulse along the first resonator, switching the Pockels cell bias voltage to amplify the pulse along a second, separate resonator, and then switching the Pockels cell bias again to extract the amplified pulse. The gain or lasing medium, two polarizers, a Pockels cell, an acousto-optical device, and two mirrors are included along the optical pathway of the first resonator. The lasing medium, polarizers, electro-optical device, and an additional mirror are included along the optical pathway of the second resonator.
While this apparatus is less complex than multiple laser systems, it nevertheless requires a large number of optical components (e.g., seven or more). In addition, the voltages applied and switched at the Pockels cell are equal to the halfwave bias voltage of the Pockels cell, typically in excess of 5,000 volts. These voltages must be switched in less than a few nanoseconds, placing a significant demand on the switching electronics. Also, because the system utilizes the separate operation of two resonators, it is possible due to component limitations for radiation from one resonator to leak or "spill over" into another. A consequence of this is the generation of undesirable or "parasitic" pulses, particularly in the resonator used for amplification, which supports a significantly lower threshold for laser oscillation. Finally, the use of an acousto-optic modulator to achieve modelocking may require the constant adjustment of resonator length, as such devices operate only at discrete resonant frequencies.
The simpler alexandrite and other Q-switched lasers currently employed in the treatment of dermatological pigmentations cannot reliably achieve tattoo pigment particle clearance in a matter of only a few treatments, despite claims to the contrary. Consequently, there is a need in the art for laser apparatuses of relatively low complexity, such that they are practical for tattoo pigment particle removal and the treatment of other pigmented lesions. Such apparatuses, however, must also be capable of emitting laser radiation with the short pulse duration required to invoke photomechanical processes. As discussed above, this requires pulse durations on the order of several hundred picoseconds, or the acoustic transit time across targeted pigment particles. Also characteristic of such a device is the capability of achieving an output energy of several hundred millijoules or more.

Picosecond laser apparatus and methods for its operation and use


A gas spring and damper assembly can include a first gas spring having a first spring rate and a second gas spring connected in series with the first gas spring. The second gas spring can have a second spring rate that is at least two times the first spring rate of the first gas spring. A damper can be operatively connected with at least one of the first and second gas springs. A suspension system including one or more of such gas spring and damper assemblies and a method of assembly are also included.

The subject matter of the present disclosure broadly relates to the art of gas spring devices and, more particularly, to gas spring and damper assemblies that include dual gas springs and an internal damper. Suspension systems including one or more of such gas spring and damper assemblies as well as methods of assembly are also included.
The subject matter of the present disclosure may find particular application and use in conjunction with components for wheeled vehicles, and will be shown and described herein with reference thereto. However, it is to be appreciated that the subject matter of the present disclosure is also amenable to use in other applications and environments, and that the specific uses shown and described herein are merely exemplary. For example, the subject matter of the present disclosure could be used in connection with gas spring and damper assemblies of non-wheeled vehicles, support structures, height adjusting systems and actuators associated with industrial machinery, components thereof and/or other such equipment. Accordingly, the subject matter of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to use associated with suspension systems of wheeled vehicles.
Wheeled motor vehicles of most types and kinds include a sprung mass, such as a body or chassis, for example, and an unsprung mass, such as two or more axles or other wheel-engaging members, for example, with a suspension system disposed therebetween. Typically, a suspension system will include a plurality of spring devices as well as a plurality of damping devices that together permit the sprung and unsprung masses of the vehicle to move in a somewhat controlled manner relative to one another. Movement of the sprung and unsprung masses toward one another is normally referred to in the art as jounce motion while movement of the sprung and unsprung masses away from one another is commonly referred to in the art as rebound motion.
Generally, the plurality of spring elements function to accommodate forces and loads associated with the operation and use of the vehicle, and the plurality of damping devices are operative to dissipate undesired inputs and movements of the vehicle, particularly during dynamic operation thereof. Often, the spring elements are metal spring elements (e.g., coil springs, torsion springs) and the dampers are liquid-filled, hydraulic dampers that are secured between the sprung and unsprung masses of the vehicle separately from the spring elements. In other cases, however, gas spring and damper assemblies can be used, such as those that include a gas spring and a damper element that are operatively connected with one another. Examples of such known constructions are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,712,776 and 7,644,943, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0115140, and International (PCT) Publication No. WO 2012/054520.
Notwithstanding the overall success of such known constructions, certain disadvantages may still exist that could be limiting to broader adoption and/or use of gas spring and damper assemblies. Non-limiting examples of properties and/or characteristics that may be desired over known constructions can include improved performance, reduced weight, simplified construction and/or decreased cost of manufacture. Accordingly, it is believed desirable to develop gas spring and damper assemblies that overcome the foregoing and/or other problem and/or disadvantages of known designs, or otherwise advance the art of gas spring devices.

Gas spring and damper assemblies and methods

Firestone Industrial Products Company, LLC


A composition in the form of a backfill is described. The composition comprises one or more mine tailings present in an amount greater than 50% by weight of the composition, one or more cementitious binder materials present in an amount ranging from 0% to 12% by weight of the composition, attapulgite present in an amount ranging from 0.01% to 4.00% by weight of the composition, and water. The fines content (Fc) of the one or more mine tailings is greater than or equal to 3%. Although subject to many uses, in some embodiments, the composition is suitable for managing tailings to be stored above ground or underground. For example, in some embodiments, the composition is suitable for filling mined out areas.

Each of the present inventors knows that storing mined minerals is performable by several methods. For example, sometimes tailings are storable in the form of a backfill designed to prevent solids from settling out when the backfill is stationary, e.g., in a tank, pit, or pipeline. Before storage, the backfill is sometimes transported over distances of up to 10 km, by flowing. If, for whatever reason, the flow stops or is substantially reduced or the pipe is nonlinear (e.g., forms an acute, right, or obtuse horizontal or vertical angle), the backfill sometimes appears as if it increases its static viscosity (at least locally), and in some instances, conditions resembling settling or setting up might be observed (at least locally).
Each of the present inventors also knows that flowing backfill needs energy; starting or re-starting the flow needs energy; and increasing the flow rate needs energy. Moreover, the flowability of the backfill varies with changes in the cemented paste backfill's water content and solid particle size distribution and the effects of flowing a backfill include abrasion of the flow pathway.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are representative and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

Backfill, methods of making, and use thereof


A system for dehydrogenating a C3 or C4 hydrocarbon feed stream containing a first and second layer of catalysts placed in the hydrocarbon feed stream, wherein the feed stream first passes through the first layer and then the second layer of catalysts and wherein the catalysts of the first layer contain from about 50 to about 90 percent by weight of an eta-alumina carrier, from about 10 to about 50 percent by weight of chromia and from about 0.1 to about 5 percent by weight of a zirconium compound and wherein the catalysts of the second layer of catalysts contain from about 50 to about 90 percent by weight of an eta-alumina carrier and from about 10 to about 50 percent by weight of chromia, without an added zirconium compound.

This invention relates to a multilayered catalyst system for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon feed streams, particularly C3 and C4 hydrocarbon feed streams, and processes for the manufacture and use of the catalyst system. This invention more specifically relates to a multi-layered catalyst system containing at least a first and a second layer of catalysts, wherein the first layer includes a chromia/alumina catalyst stabilized with a zirconium additive, wherein the alumina is eta alumina, and wherein the second layer includes a chromia/alumina catalyst, wherein the alumina is also eta alumina, but which does not contain a zirconium additive, which catalyst system is particularly useful for the dehydrogenation of an hydrocarbon feed stream, particularly a C3 and C4 alkane hydrocarbon feed stream, and processes for the manufacture and use of the catalyst system.
Alkane dehydrogenation is a recognized process for production of a variety of useful hydrocarbon products, such as isobutylene for conversion to MTBE, isooctane and alkylates to supplement and enrich gasolines and propylene for use in the polymer industry. There are several current catalytic processes useful for catalytic dehydrogenation of light alkanes, including Süd-Chemie CATOFIN® processes, the Linde/BASF process, UOP's OLEFLEX® process, Phillips' STAR™ process and the Snamprogetti-Yarsintee process. The catalysts that are used in these processes are manufactured from different types of catalytic materials. For example, the Süd-Chemie CATOFIN® processes utilize chromia-alumina catalysts.
Chromia-alumina dehydrogenation catalyst technology has been in use for over fifty years. In one example, GB 942,944 discloses a dehydrogenation catalyst for the dehydrogenation of aliphatic hydrocarbons having three to five carbon atoms. The catalyst disclosed was prepared by dehydrating an aluminum trihydrate composition comprising 60 to 100 percent beta alumina trihydrate, heating the resulting dehydrated alumina with steam to adjust its surface area to a range of 100 to 200 m2/g, depositing chromium oxide from about 10 to about 25 percent as Cr2O3 onto the resulting alumina carrier and steam treating the resulting catalyst at an elevated temperature.
The stability of a dehydrogenation catalyst plays an important role in the overall efficiency of the dehydrogenation process. Because of the high temperatures at which the catalytic dehydrogenation procedure is conducted, the life expectancy of the catalysts is often limited. Thus, improving the thermal stability of the catalysts translates into longer catalyst life, allowing for longer catalyst utilization and ultimately resulting in lower consumption of the catalysts during the dehydrogenation process.
One proposed method of stabilizing chromia-alumina dehydrogenation catalysts is by the addition of zirconia as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,374,404.
There are a number of different types of alumina that are available for use as the support for dehydrogenation catalysts. Conventionally, mid to high surface area gamma alumina has been the preferred choice as the carrier for such catalysts. In particular, gamma alumina has been preferred over eta alumina as the carrier for dehydrogenation catalysts.
This preference for gamma alumina over eta alumina for catalysts is not surprising because gamma alumina is generally perceived as having greater thermal stability than eta alumina. In fact, gamma alumina has become the standard alumina utilized for commercial catalysts. (The market has accepted this principle as gamma alumina is readily available in the market while eta alumina is sparsely available, if at all.)
Although dehydrogenation catalysts prepared from chromia-alumina catalysts have been extensively employed for many years, there are still opportunities for improvement, especially to improve the thermal stability. Even when these catalysts are stabilized by the addition of an additive, such as a zirconium or a silicon compound, they can still show limited stability because of the severity of the operating conditions, particularly at the high temperatures normally utilized during the dehydrogenation procedure.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to disclose an improved catalyst system for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon feed streams wherein the improved catalyst system includes at least two layers of different catalysts contained within the system through which the hydrocarbon feed stream passes in sequence.
These and other objects can be obtained by the catalyst systems, the processes for the preparation of the catalyst systems and the processes of use of the catalyst systems for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons which are disclosed by the present invention.

Multi-layered dehydrogenation catalyst system and process of use


A method and a system for data transmission between a first electronic device and a second electronic device, wherein the second electronic device is in a sleep mode. Transmission of data between the first electronic device and the second electronic device occurs while a microprocessor in the second device is in sleep mode and the wireless transceiver is in a wake mode. The first electronic device transmits data signals and the second electronic device detects the transmitted signal. A base band processor in the second electronic device optionally determines if the signal is from a known source. If the first electronic device is a known electronic device, an interrupt signal is generated to wake up the microprocessor in the second electronic device. The wakened microprocessor opens a communication port and disables the wake-up interrupt. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the data receive line is directly coupled to a line that triggers an interrupt when a signal is detected. The received message is then stored in memory for subsequent use.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of communications between computer systems. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications between computer systems when a receiving computer system is in a sleep mode.
2. Related Art
Typically, a network administrator oversees the operation of remotely located computer systems and renders specific administrative services to all computer systems on the network. Conventionally, a computer network administrator can access computer systems coupled to a network and perform certain administrative functions and services. Such services may include: functionally removing a computer system from the network; logging-into remotely located computer systems to perform administrative functions; or upgrading a specific software application on a remote computer system.
Personal computers are generally turned off during off-hours to conserve energy. In some instances, a network administrator may have to access a remote computer during the off-hours to perform some administrative functions. In such situations, it is desirable to wake the computer system up from the sleep mode, perform the administrative function and allow the computer system to return to its sleep mode.
Conventionally, through the use of a special wired protocol over the Ethernet, personal computers, which are communicatively coupled to a wired network, can be brought out of their sleep mode from a remote location. Such capability is available through the use of an Ethernet card, which can be installed in a personal computer. The Ethernet protocol allows a system administrator to access a remotely located computer system, which is in a sleep mode, wake the computer system up and perform the administrative or system update. However, the Ethernet protocol capability is limited. This wired protocol is not designed for communication between two people or for posting message and receiving data. This protocol is an enabling device for allowing a user of a personal computer system to turn off the system during the off-hours to conserve energy while the system is capable of receiving administrative services while in a sleep mode.
A somewhat similar method for waking up an electronic device from a sleep mode is used in the paging technology. In paging technology, you may have a device, which is generally turned off but can receive information while in a sleep mode. The method used in paging technology requires the microprocessor in the device to periodically wake up and scan the network for messages. In case a message is detected by the system, the microprocessor in the device comes out of its sleep and resumes full functionality to receive massages and returns to the sleep mode afterward. However, this method still requires a microprocessor to periodically wake up and conduct scanning and is not a very comprehensive method of saving energy.
Therefore, a need exists for wireless communication between computer systems to receive messages while the receiving device is in a sleep mode. Furthermore, the prior art does not provide a system to communicate information to a microprocessor while it is in a sleep mode.

Method for waking a device in response to wireless network activity


Disclosed are compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

Free fatty acids (FFAs) are essential dietary nutrients which act in various metabolic and cellular processes. FFAs exert their function via influence on lipid membrane composition and diverse receptors and pathways including nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and a subfamily of transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the FFA receptor family. The receptors FFA2 and FFA3 are activated by short chain fatty acids while receptors FFA1 and FFA4 have been shown to bind poly-unsaturated (long-chain) fatty acids (PUFA) with a C16 to C22 backbone such as α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid and palmitoleic acid. In humans, FFA4 is expressed in the intestinal tract (ileum, cecum, enteroendocrine L cells of the colon, rectum), but also in the thymus, lung, spleen, adrenal gland, pancreas and taste buds. Activation of FFA4 present on endoenterocrine cells triggers a rise in intracellular Ca++ causing secretion of GLP-1 (a potent incretin hormone that enhances the secretion of insulin from pancreatic β cells) in vitro and in vivo which leads to a subsequent increase in circulating insulin. A role for FFA4 in adipogenesis has been described as well. FFA4 mRNA is highly expressed in four different adipose tissues (subcutaneous, perirenal, mesenteric, epididymal) and the amount of mRNA is elevated in adipose tissues of mice fed a high fat diet. The level of FFA4 mRNA increased during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells used as an in vitro model system for adipogenesis. Similar results were observed in human adipose tissue, human preadipocytes, and cultured adipocytes. It has been also shown that dysfunction of the lipid sensor FFA4 leads to obesity in both mouse and human where the non-synonymous mutation p.R270H (that inhibits FFA4 signalling) increases the risk of obesity in Europeans populations.
Interestingly, the potent anti-inflammatory role of omega-3 fatty acids has been recognized for a long time and it was demonstrated that FFA4 expressed on macrophages plays a central role thereby repressing the release of inflammatory cytokines. In particular, FFA4-induced anti-inflammatory effects were demonstrated to be mediated by β-arrestin signaling. Recently, it was shown that a selective high-affinity, orally available, small-molecule FFA4 agonist exerted potent anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages in vitro and in obese mice in vivo. FFA4 agonist treatment of high-fat diet-fed obese mice caused improved glucose tolerance, decreased hyperinsulinemia, increased insulin sensitivity and decreased hepatic steatosis. Recently, FFA4 has also been linked to neuroinflammation since these receptors are expressed in the hypothalamus and control energy homeostasis and inflammation.
In addition to its involvement in metabolic diseases and inflammatory processes, FFA4 has also recently been linked to cancer. However, it remains unclear what role FFA4 plays in cancer and what possible effects receptor modulators might have as one study showed a role of FFA4 in suppression of cell proliferation in prostate cancer while another group found FFA4 to be tumor-promoting in colorectal cancer.
Based on these findings, the identification of FFA4 selective agonists would open new treatment opportunities for hepatic diseases, diabetes, obesity and inflammatory diseases.
FFA4 agonists are described in in various patent applications (Formicola et al. Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst 2015, 4(6), 62-66), such as:
US2014/0275172 discloses benzo-fused heterocyclic derivatives with FFA4 agonistic properties;
US2014/0275179 deals with isothiazole and thiophene derivatives FFA4 agonists;
Bicyclic-pyrrole derivatives are described and tested in US2014/0275182 and U.S. Pat. No. 8,912,227;
WO2014059232 discloses azaspiro- and oxaazaspiro-piperidinyl compounds as FFA4 modulators for the treatment and/or preventing diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, inflammation and related disorders;
WO2014069963 discloses biaryl derivatives as FFA4 agonists;
WO2014209034 claims thioaryl derivatives as FFA4 agonists;
WO2013139341A1 and WO2013185766A1 disclose substituted fluorophenyl-methoxy-benzene-carboxylic acid compounds as FFA4 modulators;
US20140275173 and WO2014151247 claim oxabicyclo[2.2.2]acid derivatives for FFA4 agonism;
WO2014159794 reports bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and WO2014159802 bicyclo[2.2.1]octane derivatives as FFA4 agonists.
Isothiazole derivatives as GPR120 agonists for the treatment of type II diabetes are disclosed in WO 2015134039.
Bicyclic pyrrole derivatives as GPR120 agonists are disclosed in WO 2015134038.
Thiazole and thiophene derivatives containing carbon-carbon linker as gpr120 agonists for disease therapy are claimed in WO 2016125182, WO 2016038540, WO 2016012965, and WO 2015125085
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyclobutanecarboxylic acid gpr120 modulators are described in WO 2016040222 and WO 2016040223;
Phenyl-(aza)cycloalkyl carboxylic acid gpr120 modulators are claimed in WO 2016040225.
Compounds containing carbon-carbon linker as gpr120 agonists are disclosed in WO 2016125182.
Finally, tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds useful as GPR120 agonists are disclosed in WO 2017205193.
All the compounds in the prior art cited above are characterized by the presence of a carboxylic acid moiety that is detrimental, in general, for the cell permeability of the compounds and in particular for the penetration of the compounds into tissue compartments such as the Central Nervous System (CNS) which is key to a possible medical treatment of neuroinflammation and the underlying pathological condition, thus hampering the use of these compounds in certain therapeutic areas (Formicola et al. Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst 2015, 4(6), 62-66).
Consequently, there is still an unmet need for compounds which are able to efficiently agonize FFA4 and that can be delivered to the different target organs which are sites of a FFA4-mediated pathology, in particular to the brain. Such compounds are provided herein.
Various embodiments of the invention are presented hereafter;

Substituted pyrazoles FFA4/GPR120 receptor agonists

Abstract: These compounds have FFA4/GPR120 receptor (FFA4) agonistic properties. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions including these compounds, chemical processes for preparing them and their use in the treatment or prophylaxis of diseases associated with FFA4 receptor activity in animals, in particular humans.


A cutting tool body that is adapted for use in milling operations comprises at least one pocket for supporting a cutting insert. The pocket is defined, at least in part, by a cylindrical wall and a seating surface within the tool body. At least one passage is provided through the tool body for evacuating chips upward and away from the surface of a workpiece. The seating surface of the pocket extends radially inward from the cylindrical wall and intersects the passage through the tool body. At least one slot traverses the pocket to separate a part of the tool body into first and second portions, at least one of which is movable relative to the other for clamping the cutting insert into the pocket.

The present invention relates in general to cutting tools and, more particularly, to a tool body and inserts that are especially suitable for use in metal cutting operations.
Cutting tools for metal cutting operations are well known. A conventional metal cutting tool typically comprises a tool body that is adapted to mate with a cutting machine. The tool body has a working end and one or more pockets in the working end. A conventional pocket ordinarily includes a floor and two seating surfaces. The pockets are provided for receiving cutting inserts. A retention screw threaded into a threaded hole in the tool body holds the insert in the pocket.
Conventional metal cutting tools are adapted for use in removing material from a metal workpiece. The material removed is commonly referred to as a chip. Chips are often deposited on the workpiece and subsequently re-cut by the cutting inserts, resulting in damage to the cut surface of the workpiece.
What is needed is a metal cutting tool that prevents or reduces the risk of chips being deposited on a metal workpiece.

Tool body and cutting insert for metal cutting operations


The present disclosure relates to a cartridge assembly. The cartridge assembly includes an inflow cartridge and an outflow cartridge removably coupled to the inflow cartridge. An outflow cartridge and a surgical fluid management system are also disclosed.

Field of Technology
The present disclosure relates to fluid management for surgical procedures.
Related Art
In an endoscopic procedure, such as arthroscopic surgery, a surgical fluid management system is used to supply fluid to a body cavity. The fluid is delivered to a joint cavity to provide access and visibility to the surgeon performing a surgical procedure within the cavity. The fluid is used to distend the joint, improve viewing of the area being treated, and to remove debris which may be loosened during the procedure.
Current fluid management systems deliver and remove fluid to the treatment site using medical grade tubing. The system must minimally include an inflow tube to provide irrigation fluid to the treatment site and an outflow tube to remove the irrigation from the treatment site. Some systems use completely separate inflow and outflow tubing systems. Other systems use a single cartridge system that includes tubing for both the inflow and the outflow. These single cartridge systems are disposed of after use for each patient.
A fluid management system is needed that utilizes a dual cartridge assembly having one inflow cartridge and one removably coupled outflow cartridge, whereby independent replacement of the outflow cartridge can occur.


A handle for hand tools, the handle comprises a grip member including a first end having a first receiving section and a second end, with the first receiving section opened to the distal of the first end; a storage unit including a storage member slideably received in the first end of the grip member and a shifted member pivotally connected to the storage member and fitted on an opening of the first receiving section so that the shifted member is adapted to be gripped to draw the storage unit out from the grip member; wherein when the shifted member in an original position, it hooks both of the first end of the grip member and the storage member as to prevent the storage unit detaching from the grip member; and a shank member tightly coupled to the second end of the grip member.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a handle having a grip member and a storage unit which is slideably received in the grip member and adapted for storing bits.
2. Description of the Related Art
Referring to Taiwan Patent No M273426, a wrench handle includes a handle portion and a shank coupled to the handle portion. The handle portion consists of a base member and a cap member slideably installed onto the base member. A receptacle is defined between the base and cap members and adapted for storing a plurality of bits.
However, while users want to take the bits stored in the receptacle, it needs to drive the cap member away from the base member, and then the base member is exposed to outside of the handle portion. Therefore, it is not easy to take bits from the wrench handle and when removal of the bits from the handle, users can not convenient to grip on the handle portion.
The present invention is therefore intended to obviate or at least alleviate the problems encountered in prior art.


Disclosed therein is a sterilizer for dental contaminants, which can prevent contamination occurring by the surface or a discharge hole of a cuspidor and a discharge hole of a suction mounted on a side of a dental unit chair used to spit out contaminants, such as blood or pus, remaining in a patient's mouth during a dental treatment. The sterilizer includes: a lid having a size as large as to cover an entrance portion of the cuspidor; an ultraviolet lamp mounted on the inner surface of the bottom of the lid; an opening and closing means connected to the lid for opening and closing the lid; and a control part for opening and closing the lid through the opening and closing means and controlling the turning on and off of the ultraviolet lamp. Additionally, in another aspect, the sterilizer may include: a body part for storing contaminants therein; an inlet part connected to a discharge hole of the cuspidor or a suction for transferring the contaminants to the body part; an outlet part connected to a drain pipe for discharging the contaminants stored in the body part to the drain pipe; and a ultraviolet lamp mounted inside the body part and having a light-emitting portion.

Recently, as medical accidents caused by infection during a dental treatment was reported through broadcasting, an interest in dental treatment tools and environments of a consultation room are being increased.
According to information, which has been known till now, including the above reported data, there are 3 million to 4 million bacteria of more than 500 kinds per □ in a human being's mouth, and 10 million to 32 million bacteria per □ in a patient, who has an inflammation in his or her mouth, and in a terrible case, molds and staphylococci are found in the mouth.
In addition, even though 840,000 bacteria exist in the inside air of the consultation room of a dental clinic, since precaution or post measure is not took thoroughly, cases that patients get AIDS or are infected by germs frequently break out.
Korean Patent Nos. 457,467 and 457,860 disclose sterilizers to sterilize a handpiece, which is a representative dental treatment tool, to solve the contamination of the dental treatment instruments. The patented sterilizers can sterilize treatment tools, which were in contact with a patient's mouth, and disinfect bacteria spreading in the consultation room through the treatment tools.
As shown in FIG. 1, a unit chair 10 generally used for a dental treatment includes a chair body 12, a treatment tool holder 14, an illumination lamp 16, and a cuspidor 20.
As shown in FIG. 2, the cuspidor includes a wide entrance portion 22, a discharge hole 24 for discharging contaminants, which the patient spits into the entrance portion 22, to the outside of the cuspidor, and a drain pipe 26 connected to the discharge hole.
Furthermore, the unit chair 10 further includes a suction (not shown) mounted on a side thereof for sucking the contaminants, such as spit and blood, gathered in the patient's mouth during the dental treatment, and the contaminants sucked into the suction are discharged to the drain pipe through an additional pipe.
However, contaminants such as biological tissues, saliva, tooth fragments or prosthetic material powder inevitably generated during the dental treatment process remain in the patient mouth, and such contaminants are spat out to the cuspidor or discharged to the outside through the suction during a process of cleaning the patient's mouth. So, the cuspidor and the drain pipe connected to the cuspidor or the suction are contaminated.
To prevent contamination of the surface of the cuspidor and the drain pipes connected to the cuspidor and the suction, it is general to sterilize the surface of the cuspidor or the suction with an antiseptic solution. In addition, Korean Utility Model Registration No. 403,843 discloses an antibacterial cuspidor containing nano-silver material for preventing infection through the nano-silver material coated thereon.
However, the prior art has several problems in that if a sterilized cleaning solution is used, the cleaning solution mixed with foreign substances may cause environmental pollution, and in that there is a great adverse criticism against the sterilization effect of the nano-silver coating and it is difficult to obtain a perfect sterilization effect just by coating the cuspidor with the nano-silver material.


A storage controller coupled to a host computer is dynamically configured by a device driver executing in the host computer. The storage controller manages a logical volume for the host using a set of flash-based storage devices arranged as a redundant array of inexpensive disks (RAID). The device driver identifies a RAID type for the logical volume and a queue depth from a stream of I/O commands. For a logical volume in RAID 0, the device driver compares the queue depth to a threshold value and configures the storage controller to process the stream of I/O commands with a first path or an alternative path based on a result of the comparison. For a logical volume in RAID 5, the device driver performs a similar comparison and uses the result to direct the storage controller to use a write back or a write through mode of operation.

Data storage subsystems continue to provide increasing storage capacities to fulfill user demands from host computer system applications. Due to this critical reliance on large capacity mass storage, demands for enhanced reliability are also high. Various storage device configurations and geometries are commonly applied to meet the demands for higher storage capacity while maintaining or enhancing reliability of the mass storage subsystems.
A popular solution to these mass storage demands for increased capacity and reliability is the use of multiple smaller storage modules configured in geometries that permit redundancy of stored data to assure data integrity in case of various failures. In many such redundant subsystems, recovery from many common failures is automated within the storage subsystem itself due to the use of data redundancy, error codes, and so-called "hot spares" (extra storage modules which may be activated to replace a failed, previously active storage module). These subsystems are typically referred to as redundant arrays of inexpensive (or independent) disks (or more commonly by the acronym RAID).
For example, in the conventional system illustrated in FIG. 1, a RAID controller 10 controls a storage array 12 in a manner that enables such recovery. A host system 14 (e.g., a server or computer) stores data in and retrieves data from storage array 12 via RAID controller 10. That is, a processor 16, operating in accordance with an application program 18, issues requests for writing data to and reading data from storage array 12. Although for purposes of clarity host system 14 and RAID controller 10 are depicted in FIG. 1 as separate elements, it is common for a RAID controller 10 to be physically embodied as a card that plugs into a motherboard or backplane of such a host system 14.
It is known to incorporate data caching in a RAID protected storage system. In the storage system illustrated in FIG. 1, RAID controller 10 includes a RAID processing system 20 that caches data in units of blocks, which can be referred to as read cache blocks (RCBs) and write cache blocks (WCBs). The WCBs comprise data that host system 14 sends to RAID controller 10 as part of requests to store the data in storage array 12. In response to such a write request from host system 14, RAID controller 10 caches or temporarily stores a WCB in one or more cache memory modules 21, then returns an acknowledgement message to host system 14. At some later point in time, RAID controller 10 transfers the cached WCB (typically along with other previously cached WCBs) to storage array 12. The RCBs comprise data that RAID controller 10 has frequently read from storage array 12 in response to read requests from host system 14. Caching frequently requested data is more efficient than reading the same data from storage array 12 each time host system 14 requests it, since cache memory modules 21 are of a type of memory, such as flash or Dual Data Rate (DDR) memory, that can be accessed much faster than the type of memory (e.g., disk drive) that data storage array 12 comprises.
Various RAID schemes are known. The various RAID schemes are commonly referred to by a "level" number, such as "RAID-0," "RAID-1," "RAID-2," etc. As illustrated in FIG. 1, storage array 12 in a conventional RAID-5 system can include, for example, four storage devices 24, 26, 28 and 30 (e.g., arrays of disk drives). In accordance with the RAID-5 scheme, data blocks, which can be either RCBs or WCBs, are distributed across storage devices 24, 26, 28 and 30. Distributing logically sequential data blocks across multiple storage devices is known as striping. Parity information for the data blocks distributed among storage devices 24, 26, 28 and 30 in the form of a stripe is stored along with that data as part of the same stripe. For example, RAID controller 10 can distribute or stripe logically sequential data blocks A, B and C across corresponding storage areas in storage devices 24, 26 and 28, respectively, and then compute parity information for data blocks A, B and C and store the resulting parity information P_ABC in another corresponding storage area in storage device 30.
A processor 32 in RAID processing system 20 is responsible for computing the parity information. Processing system 20 includes some amount of fast local memory 34, such as double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM) that processor 32 utilizes when performing the parity computation. To compute the parity in the foregoing example, processor 32 reads data blocks A, B and C from storage devices 24, 26 and 28, respectively, into local memory 34 and then performs an exclusive disjunction operation, commonly referred to as an Exclusive-Or (XOR), on data blocks A, B and C in local memory 34. Processor 32 then stores the computed parity P_ABC in data storage device 30 in the same stripe in which data blocks A, B and C are stored in data storage devices 24, 26 and 28, respectively. The above-described movement of cached data and computed parity information is indicated in a general manner in broken line in FIG. 1.
The RAID-5 scheme employs parity rotation, which means that RAID controller 10 does not store the parity information for each stripe on the same one of data storage devices 24, 26, 28 and 30 as the parity information for all other stripes. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, parity information P_DEF for data blocks D, E and F is stored on storage device 28, while data blocks D, E and F are stored in the same stripe as parity information P_DEF but on storage devices 24, 26 and 30, respectively. Similarly, parity information P_GHJ for data blocks G, H and J is stored on storage device 26, while data blocks G, H and J are stored in the same stripe as parity information P_GHJ but on storage devices 24, 28 and 30, respectively. Likewise, parity information P_KLM for data blocks K, L and M is stored on storage device 24, while data blocks K, L and M are stored in the same stripe as parity information P_KLM but on storage devices 26, 28 and 30, respectively.
The described parity calculation and storage of the parity block requires time and resources to complete. A cache enabled storage controller provides maximum throughput from the host to the storage controller when a write-back cache policy is implemented. When such a write-back methodology is used, a host computer write operation is processed by temporarily storing the data associated with the write request to the cache. Once the information is saved in the cache, the storage controller reports to the host computer that the write operation is complete. Consequently, from the perspective of the host computer, the write operation is complete. Future requests for the information located in the cache are supported by reading the information and forwarding the same to the host computer.
Thereafter, the storage controller will locate, arrange and flush the information from the cache to the data storage devices supporting the RAID protected storage volume. The storage controller may perform these operations to minimize overhead and hard disk drive write head movement.
There are multiple "levels" or types of standard geometries generally recognized for storage systems that use RAID. In RAID level 0, data blocks are stored in order across one or more storage devices without redundancy. That is, none of the data blocks are copies of another data block and there is no parity block to recover from a disk failure. In a RAID level 1 system, one or more disks are used for storing data and an equal number of additional "mirror" disks for storing copies of the information are written to the data disks. Other RAID levels, identified as RAID level 2, 3, 4 segment the data into bits, bytes, or blocks for storage across several data disks. One or more additional disks are utilized to store error correction or parity information. A single unit of storage is spread across the several disk drives and is commonly referred to as a "stripe." The stripe consists of the related data written in each of the disk drives containing data plus the parity (error recovery) information written to the parity disk drive. In RAID level 5, as described, the data is segmented into blocks for storage across several disks with a single parity block for each stripe distributed in a pre-determined configuration across each of the several disks. In RAID level 6, dual parity blocks are calculated for a stripe and are distributed across each of the several disks in the array in a pre-determined configuration. In RAID level 10 or 1+0, data blocks are mirrored and striped. In RAID level 01 or 0+1, data blocks are striped and the stripes are mirrored.
RAID storage subsystems typically utilize a control module that shields the user or host system from the details of managing the redundant array. The controller or control module makes the subsystem appear to the host computer as a single, highly reliable, high capacity disk drive. In fact, the RAID controller may distribute the host computer system supplied data across a plurality of the small independent drives with redundancy and error checking information so as to improve subsystem reliability. Frequently RAID subsystems provide large cache memory structures to further improve the performance of the RAID subsystem. The cache memory is associated with the control module such that the storage blocks on the disk array are mapped to blocks in the cache. This mapping is also transparent to the host system. The host system simply requests blocks of data to be read or written and the RAID controller manipulates the disk array and cache memory as required.
In RAID level 5 subsystems (as well as other RAID levels) there is a penalty in performance paid when less than an entire stripe is written to the storage array. If a portion of a stripe is written to the RAID subsystem, portions of the same stripe may need to be read so that a new parity block may be computed and re-written to the parity disk of the array. In particular, the old data stored in the portion of the stripe which is to be overwritten as well as the old parity block associated therewith needs to be read from the storage subsystem so that the new parity block values may be determined therefrom. This process is often referred to as a read-modify-write cycle due to the need to read old data from the stripe, modify the intended data blocks and associated parity data, and write the new data blocks and new parity block back to the storage array. This performance penalty is avoided if the entire stripe is written. When an entire stripe is written (often referred to as a stripe write or full-stripe write), the old data and old parity stored in the stripe to be overwritten are ignored. The new stripe data is written and a new parity block determined therefrom is written without need to reference the old data or old parity. A stripe write therefore avoids the performance penalty of read-modify-write cycles.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,760,807 to Brant et al. discloses a data storage system and method that applies an adaptive write policy for handling host write commands to write-back system drives in a dual active controller environment. The data storage system includes a host computer, a primary controller and an alternate controller. The primary and alternate controllers are coupled to one or more disk storage devices. When a write command is communicated from the host, the primary controller determines if the data encompasses an entire RAID stripe, and if so, parity data is calculated for the stripe and the data and parity data are written to the disk storage devices. Otherwise, the write data is stored in a cache and processed in accordance with a write-back policy.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,629,211 to McKnight et al. discloses a system and method for improving RAID controller performance through adaptive write back or write through caching. The system includes a host computer system and a RAID subsystem. The RAID subsystem includes a cache supported controller and a plurality of disk drives. The method uses the cache in write back mode when the RAID controller is lightly loaded and uses cache in write through mode when the RAID controller is heavily loaded. In the write back mode, the data is written to the cache prior to storing data to at least one disk drive of the plurality of disk drives. In the write through mode, the data is written directly to the one or more disk drives without going through the cache buffer.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,922,754 to Liu et al. discloses a data flow manager and a method for determining what data should be cached and what data should be sent directly to a data store. The decision to cache data or to send the data directly to the data store is determined based on the type of data requested, the state of the cache, the state of I/O components, or system policies. In one aspect, the data flow manager tries to predict data access patterns. In another aspect, the data flow manager attempts to group writes together. In still another aspect, the data flow manager receives an input responsive to the content contained in a data access. In this aspect, the data flow manager is a content aware data flow manager.
Conventional data storage controllers configured to operate in a write back or data caching mode send the data associated with write operations to a relatively fast memory (e.g. a dynamic random access memory or DRAM). When configured to operate in a write through mode, the data storage controllers forward all write operations to the backend or long term storage devices. Each mode has respective performance advantages under some workloads and performance disadvantages for some other workloads. In general, the write back mode can provide relatively short latency when the storage controller is lightly loaded. However, as the workload increases, so does the overhead associated with managing cached data. Thus, when the storage controller is heavily loaded, it is desirable to avoid the additional overhead that results from caching write data. Consequently, a write through mode is more appropriate for heavy workloads.
However, in a multi-workload environment a single cache policy or switching policy for a storage volume may not provide a desired performance for each workload.

Device driver, method and computer-readable medium for dynamically configuring a storage controller based on RAID type, data alignment with a characteristic of storage elements and queue depth in a cache

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