A controls bridge for a flow completion system which comprises a tubing spool having a production outlet, a tubing hanger having a production bore that communicates with the production outlet and at least one service and control conduit extending therethrough, and at least one external service and control line that terminates near the tubing spool, the controls bridge comprising a first body portion; a mechanism for securing the first body portion to the top of the tubing spool and/or the tubing hanger; at least one first coupling member which is adapted to engage a second coupling member that is mounted in the service and control conduit; at least one third coupling member which is adapted to engage a fourth coupling member that is connected to the external service and control line; a bridge line which is connected between the first coupling member and the third coupling member; a first actuator for moving the first coupling member into engagement with the second coupling member; and a second actuator for moving the third coupling member into engagement with the fourth coupling member; wherein the first and second actuators are selectively operable to connect the service and control conduit to the external service and control line through the coupling members and the bridge line.

The present invention relates to a flow completion system for producing oil or gas from a hydrocarbon well. More particularly, the invention relates to a controls bridge for providing communication between the tubing hanger component of the system and a remote service and control vessel.
A typical horizontal-type flow completion system comprises a wellhead housing which is installed at the upper end of a well bore, a tubing spool or tree which is connected to the top of the wellhead housing, and a tubing hanger which is suspended in the tubing spool and which supports at least one tubing string that extends into the well bore. The tubing spool includes a production outlet through which the well fluids are produced, an annulus outlet through which the annulus surrounding the tubing string may be accessed, and a number of valves for controlling flow through the production and annulus outlets. In addition, the tubing spool typically supports a number of service valves, such as chemical injection valves, for controlling the flow of service fluids into the well bore. In the event of a failure of a service valve, this arrangement requires that the tubing spool be retrieved in order to repair or replace the valve. Retrieval of the tubing spool, however, requires that the completion consisting of the tubing hanger and tubing string first be pulled, which is a costly and time consuming procedure.
The tubing hanger may comprise a number of service and control conduits to facilitate the communication of control signals or fluids from a remote control station or an external subsea control module to valves or other devices located in or below the tubing hanger. The control signals or fluids are conveyed via external service and control lines which are connected to the remote control station through a controls umbilical or to the subsea control module, which is usually mounted on the tubing spool, through a length of fixed piping. Each service and control line is connected to a corresponding service and control conduit typically via a radial penetrator which extends laterally through the tubing spool and into the tubing hanger. However, existing radial penetrators are subject to mechanical failure, and each radial penetration represents a potential leak path in the tubing spool through which well fluids may escape into the environment.
These and other disadvantages in the prior art are overcome in the present invention by providing a controls bridge for a flow completion system that comprises a wellhead housing which is installed at the top of a well bore, a tubing spool which is connected above the wellhead housing, a tubing hanger which is supported in the tubing spool and from which is suspended at least one tubing string that extends into the well bore, and a plurality of service and control conduits that extend generally vertically through the top of the tubing hanger and communicate with corresponding devices located in or below the tubing hanger. The controls bridge comprises a body portion, a connector assembly for securing the body portion to the top of the tubing spool and/or the tubing hanger, at least one first coupling member which is adapted to engage a second coupling member that is mounted in a corresponding service and control conduit, at least one third coupling member which is adapted to engage a fourth coupling member that is connected to a corresponding external service and control line, a bridge line which is connected between the first coupling member and the third coupling member, and an actuating mechanism for moving both the first coupling member into engagement with the second coupling member and the third coupling member into engagement with the fourth coupling member to thereby connect the external service and control line with its corresponding service and control conduit in the tubing hanger.
Thus, the present invention allows each device which is located in or below the tubing hanger to be connected to its corresponding external service and control line through the top of the tubing hanger. Consequently, the traditional need to make these connections via radial penetrations between the tubing spool and the tubing hanger is eliminated, and the potential leak paths and mechanical complexity posed by such radial penetrations are avoided. In addition, since the controls bridge is preferably the sole interface between the external service and control lines and the corresponding devices located in and below the tubing hanger, the controls umbilical can be connected directly to the controls bridge, or to a junction plate which is mounted on the tubing spool and which in turn is connected to the controls bridge via a jumper. This arrangement eliminates the need for numerous individual connections between the controls umbilical and the tubing spool. Consequently, the cost and complexity of the overall flow completion system are reduced and the installation and operation of the system are simplified in comparison to prior art systems.
In one embodiment of the invention, the controls bridge may comprise one or more valves for controlling fluid flow through one or more bridge lines. Thus, for example, one of the external service and control lines may function as a chemical injection line and the controls bridge may comprise a chemical injection valve for controlling the flow of chemicals from the chemical injection line, through a corresponding service and control conduit in the tubing hanger and into the well bore. In this manner, the need for separate service valves mounted on the tubing spool may be eliminated. Moreover, if one of the service valves should malfunction, it may be repaired or replaced simply by retrieving the controls bridge, thereby eliminating the need to pull the completion and retrieve the tubing spool for this purpose.
Furthermore, the controls bridge of the present invention may facilitate communication with the annulus surrounding the tubing string. Thus, one of the external service and control lines may function as an annulus line which is connected via the controls bridge to a service and control conduit that communicates with the tubing annulus. The annulus line may, for example, communicate through an umbilical to a surface vessel or other remote location to allow for monitoring and/or venting of annulus pressure during production. In addition, another service and control line may function as a crossover line which is connected to both the tubing annulus and the production outlet to facilitate circulation of fluids between the tubing annulus and the production bore. Moreover, the controls bridge may also comprise one or more annulus closure members to control flow through the annulus lines and crossover lines. By positioning the annulus closure members in the controls bridge instead of on the tubing spool or in the tubing hanger, these components can be replaced or repaired simply by retrieving the controls bridge instead of having to pull the completion or retrieve the tubing spool.
The controls bridge is preferably a lightweight assembly that may be installed and retrieved using a remotely operated vehicle (xe2x80x9cROVxe2x80x9d) or an ROV in combination with a surface deployed cable. Alternatively, the controls bridge may be installed and retrieved using a remotely operated tool (xe2x80x9cROTxe2x80x9d). Thus, if any of the components within the controls bridge requires servicing, the controls bridge can easily be retrieved without the need to disturb either the tubing spool or tubing hanger, and without the need for a large, expensive service vessel.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be made apparent from the following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numbers are used to denote similar components in the various embodiments.

Controls bridge for flow completion systems


In one embodiment a controller comprises logic configured to establish a pairing with a remote processor in a second electronic device, create a first secure communication channel with the remote processor, transmit a first portion of a processing task to the remote processor via the first secure channel, receive, via a second communication channel, an input from the first portion of the processing task, and complete at least a second portion of the processing task using the input. Other embodiments may be described.

The subject matter described herein relates generally to the field of computing and more particularly to systems and methods which allows an electronic devices to utilize processing capacity in a remote electronic device.
In a typical electronic commerce transaction the merchant (and underlying ecosystem), is not certain that the individual conducting the transaction is the authorized person. When fraudulent transactions are accepted by the online ecosystem there is an underlying fraud cost that is generally borne by the relying party, in this example the merchant, or by the defrauded individual.
Another weakness in the online space is the ever-present threat of system malware, which is often used to steal personal information, including payment credentials, for use by unauthorized individuals. This threat has an effect on a certain percentage of the population who will not conduct online activity due to fear of having their information compromised. This reduces efficiencies that can be gained through online commerce and limits the amount of goods and services purchased by concerned individuals, limiting the growth of online commerce.
Some computing systems may utilize a secure controller, separate from the main processor, encased in a trusted execution complex to manage authentication processes. Secure controllers may have limited computational and memory resources, such that computationally expensive tasks may be challenging for secure controllers to implement.
Accordingly systems and techniques to provide secure execution to enable computationally expensive tasks to be offloaded to a remote processor may find utility.


A method and apparatus that coordinates refresh and parity-scanning in DRAM-based devices such that parity-scan operations substitute for refresh operations when both operations are required in the system. The process of parity-scanning automatically refreshes the entries being scanned, subject to refresh and parity-scan interval requirements. As such, refresh and parity-scan operations may be performed in a single operation, which bolsters the scheduling and performance of the two operations.

An essential semiconductor device is semiconductor memory, such as a random access memory (RAM) device. A RAM allows a memory circuit to execute both read and write operations on its memory cells. Typical examples of RAM devices include dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and static random access memory (SRAM) devices.
DRAM is a specific category of RAM containing an array of individual memory cells, where each cell includes a capacitor for holding a charge and a transistor for accessing the charge held in the capacitor. The transistor is often referred to as the access transistor or the transfer device of the DRAM cell.
FIG. 1 illustrates a portion of a DRAM memory circuit containing two neighboring DRAM cells 100. Each cell 100 contains a storage capacitor 102 and an access transistor or transfer device 101. For each cell 100, one side of the storage capacitor 102 is connected to a reference voltage (illustrated as a ground potential for convenience purposes). The other side of the storage capacitor 102 is connected to the drain of the transfer device 101. The gate of the transfer device 101 is connected to a word line 104. The source terminal of the transfer device 101 is connected to a bit line 103. With the memory cell 100 components connected in this manner, it is apparent that the word line 104 controls access to the storage capacitor 102 by allowing or preventing the signal (representing a logic "0" or a logic "1") carried on the bit line 103 to be written to or read from the storage capacitor 102. Thus, each cell 100 contains one bit of data (i.e., a logic "0" or logic "1").
Another form of memory is the content addressable memory (CAM) device. A CAM is a memory device that accelerates any application requiring fast searches of a database, list, or pattern, such as in database machines, image or voice recognition, or computer and communication networks. CAMs provide benefits over other memory search algorithms by simultaneously comparing the desired information (i.e., data in a comparand register) against an entire list of pre-stored entries. As a result of their unique searching algorithm, CAM devices are frequently employed in network equipment, particularly router and switches, computer systems and other devices that require rapid content searching.
In order to perform a memory search in the above-identified manner, CAMs are organized differently than other memory devices (e.g., DRAM). For example, data is stored in a RAM in a particular location, called an address. During a memory access, the user supplies an address and writes into or reads the data at the specified address.
In a CAM, however, data is stored in locations in a somewhat random fashion. The locations can be selected by an address bus, or the data can be written into the first empty memory location. Every memory location includes one or more status bits that maintain state information regarding the memory location. For example, each memory location may include a valid bit whose state indicates whether the memory location stores valid information, or whether the memory location does not contain valid information (and is therefore available for writing).
Once information is stored in a CAM memory location, the information may be found by comparing every bit of memory with data in the comparand register. When the content stored in the CAM memory location does not match the data in the comparand register, a local match detection circuit returns a no match indication. When the content stored in the CAM memory location matches the data in the comparand register, the local match detection circuit returns a match indication. If one or more local match detect circuits return a match indication, the CAM device returns a "match" indication. Otherwise, the CAM device returns a "no-match" indication. In addition, the CAM may return the identification of the address location in which the desired data is stored (or one of such addresses if more than one address contained matching data). Thus, with a CAM, the user supplies the data and gets back the address if there is a match found.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a conventional DRAM-based CAM cell 200 that includes two one-transistor DRAM cells 210a, 210b and a four-transistor comparator circuit 220 made up of transistors Q2, Q3, Q5 and Q6. The DRAM cells 210a, 210b are used to store values in the CAM cell 200. Generally, the content of the first DRAM cell 210a is the logical complement of the content of the second DRAM cell 210b. However, the cells 210a, 210b may also store the same values, i.e., "1", "1", or "0", "0", when so desired.
The first DRAM cell 210a includes transistor Q1 and capacitor CA, which combine to form storage node A that receives a data value from bit line BL1 at node U during write operations, and applies the stored data value to the gate terminal of transistor Q2 of the comparator circuit 220. Transistor Q2 is connected in series with transistor Q3, which is controlled by a data signal transmitted on data line D1, between a match line M and a discharge line D. The second DRAM cell 210b includes transistor Q3 and capacitor CB, which combine to form storage node B that receives a data value from bit line BL2 at node V, and applies the stored data value to the gate terminal of transistor Q5 of the comparator circuit 220. Transistor Q5 is connected in series with transistor Q6, which is controlled by a data signal transmitted on inverted data line D1#, between the match line M and the discharge line D.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a portion of a CAM device 300 that includes a plurality of CAM cells such as the CAM cell 200 illustrated in FIG. 2. For purposes of simplicity, only a portion of the CAM device 300 is illustrated in FIG. 3. In particular, some well known components such as e.g., the previously discussed comparand register, control logic, and input/output logic are not illustrated merely to simplify FIG. 3. The CAM device 300 includes two arrays 310a, 310b of CAM cells 200. Each array 310a, 310b includes its own bit lines (i.e., BL11–BL16 for the first array 310a, BL21–BL26 for the second array 310b) and word lines (i.e., WL11–WL13 for the first array 310a and WL21–W23 for the second array 310b). Each word line WL11–WL13, WL21–WL23 is also coupled to a respective word line driver 320a, 320b. Similarly, each bit line BL11–BL16, BL21–BL26 is also coupled to respective bit line drivers (not illustrated). The CAM device 300 also includes a plurality of sense amplifiers 330. Each sense amplifier 330 is coupled to the CAM cells 200 connected to two different bit lines (e.g., bit lines BL11, BL21) from two different arrays 310a, 310b. This type of architecture, where a sense amplifier is coupled to bit lines from different arrays, is generally known as an open bit line architecture.
One of the drawbacks associated with DRAM cells is that the charge on the storage capacitors may naturally decay over time, even if the capacitors remain electrically isolated. Thus, DRAM cells require periodic refreshing. Additionally, refreshing is also required after a memory cell has been accessed, for example, as part of a read operation.
In DRAM-based devices, refresh commands are issued periodically to keep the contents of the DRAM memory array maintained at their previously stored values. The refresh operations have the effect of restoring charges lost from DRAM cells due to leakage currents. Refresh operations are also essential for ensuring that data in the DRAM memory is not corrupted over time. For proper DRAM operation, the device adheres to minimum operating specifications and maintains a periodic interval for issuing refresh commands.
Refresh commands may be issued explicitly to the DRAM-based device from another device such as e.g., a memory controller. Refresh operations may also be internally generated during idle cycles, with the controller concurrently ensuring that a sufficient number of idle cycles are interspersed in the command stream to meet the device's refresh requirements. This is known as a "self-refresh."
Although refreshes allow DRAM memory to retain previously stored values, soft-errors and coupling defects can still occur that would falsely toggle a stored bit. If this erroneous toggling has occurred, future refresh operations would refresh the false value. One method of mitigating the problem of false toggling of stored data bits includes storing parity bits with the data. The memory array is periodically parity-scanned to determine if any errors have occurred. Parity-scanning may be performed internally whenever there are idle cycles. System hardware running in the background monitors the command stream to see when it can insert a parity-scan command. However, unlike refresh operations, parity-scanning is typically performed on a best-effort policy (as opposed to all inclusive policy). This means that all rows may not have been scanned by the end of the parity-scan time interval.
Accordingly, there is a desire and need to coordinate refresh and parity-scan operations in a DRAM-based device.

Parity-scanning and refresh in dynamic memory devices


Embodiments of the invention provide a hard disk drive base adapted to prevent release of a strain due to the difference in thermal expansion between the vice coil motor and the base and thereby prevent a degradation in the positioning accuracy of the magnetic head. In one embodiment, a hard disk drive base is provided which includes a plurality of contact surfaces to which a lower yoke of a voice coil motor is fixed and thin portions each formed around a respective one of the plurality of contact surfaces and having a thickness smaller than that of other portions of the base.

The present invention relates to a hard disk drive, and more particularly to the structure of a hard disk drive base in which a voice coil motor is mounted.
A hard disk drive typically includes an actuator (which is a collection of a carriage, a voice coil motor, a suspension, a magnetic head, and a bearing), a magnetic disk, a spindle motor, a base, etc. The voice coil motor horizontally rotates the actuator around the bearing shaft and is fixed to the base.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the voice coil motor mounting portion of a conventional hard disk drive base. As shown in the figure, the conventional base 11 has a positioning hole 22, a first contact surface 24, a through hole 26 for receiving a clamping screw therethrough, a second contact surface 28, and a screw hole 30. The above contact surfaces are the upper surfaces of the base which are in contact with the voice coil motor. The first contact surface is formed around the positioning hole 22; the second contact surface is formed around the clamping-screw-receiving through hole 26. The actuator is horizontally rotated around a pivot hole 32 shown in FIG. 5.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional base with a voice coil motor mounted therein. As shown in the figure, the lower yoke 40 of the voice coil motor is attached to the base 11 with a screw in such a way that the projection 42 of the lower yoke 40 is engaged with (or inserted into) the positioning hole 22 and the screw is screwed into a screw hole 44 of the lower yoke 40 through the clamping-screw-receiving through hole 26. Thus, the lower yoke 40 is fixed to the base such that it is in contact with the first contact surface 24 and the second contact surface 28 of the base. There is a slight clearance between the lower yoke 40 and other upper surfaces of the base 11; the lower yoke 40 is not in contact with these other upper surfaces. Further, the upper yoke 50 of the voice coil motor is attached to the base 11 with a screw screwed into the screw hole 30.
The components of a hard disk drive are made of different materials; for example, the voice coil motor is made primarily of steel and the base is formed primarily of aluminum. This means that these components generally have different coefficients of thermal expansion. This may result in a degradation in the positioning accuracy of the magnetic head due to a variation in the temperature within the hard disk drive. In some conventional hard disk drives, a spring washer is inserted between the head clamp and the magnetic head to prevent the degradation in the positioning accuracy of the magnetic head due to thermal expansion, as described in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Laid-Open No. Hei 1-171169).

Hard disk drive adapted to prevent release of strain between voice coil motor and base

Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V.


The invention relates to polymers containing units of the structure ##STR1## or mixtures of A with more than one of B, B-1 and B-2; wherein R and R.sup.1 are each independently C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 alkyl;. R.sup.2 is oxygen, sulfur or --NR.sup.5 --; PA1 R.sup.5 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; PA1 R.sup.3 is alkylene having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally mono- or di- substituted with lower alkyl; PA1 W is hydrogen, --NH.sub.4, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal; PA1 Y is alkylene; PA1 Z is hydrogen, --NH.sub.4, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal or mixtures thereof; PA1 X is lower alkyl, a hydroxy phenyl radical or mixtures thereof; PA1 t has a value of from 2 to 8 and PA1 m, m', m" and n independently have a value of from 30 to 3,500 and n represents at least 5 mole percent of the polymeric product. The invention is also releated to the synthesis of the above polymers and to their use as superior adhesives which have significantly improved bond strength.

Numerous water soluble polymers and copolymers in commercial use are employed as adhesive coatings and thickeners for various products particularly in the cosmetic and textile finishing arts. However, many of these products are subject to yellowing and do not provide the adhesive bond strength required for certain applications. The interpolymer of alkyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride in approximately a 1:1 proportion has excellent film forming and adhesive properties. However, the polymer is subject to embrittlement under certain conditions over an extended period of time. Also, this polymer possesses only moderate bond strength when applied to a substrate.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to overcome the above deficiencies with polymer having a unique structure and superior properties.
Another object is to enhance the bond strength of alkyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymers by certain modifications which promote hydrogen bonding.
Another object of this invention is to provide polymers capable of forming clear, non-yellowing films characterized by superior adhesive strength which can be employed in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and textile finishing applications.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an economical and commercially feasible method for the preparation of said polymers.
These and other objects of the invention will become apparent from the following description and disclosure.

Alkyl vinyl ether polymers containing a lactam functionality


A hypermedia system comprises a client computer, server computers for holding contents files, and a directory server computer for intensively managing information about the contents files. These computers are connected via a network. The directory server computer includes a directory information storage means for storing node identifiers, information about the contents of the contents files which are nodes, and information about the linkage relationship between the nodes with respect to the nodes managed by the server computers and a retrieval means for retrieving information stored in the directory information storage means based on a request from the client computer to sending it to the client computer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hypermedia system used in a network environment, and more particularly to a hypermedia system for managing node link information intensively by use of a directory server provided in a network.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In recent years, a system called a hypermedia system has attracted considerable attention as a management technique of information in computers. The hypermedia system directly associates data files whose contents are related each other to process multi-media data including image data and voice data as well as text data based on a hypertext structure in which data is retrievable interactively without being aware of file names. Hereinafter, a data file treated here is referred to as a node.
As a hypermedia system in a network environment, for example, the World-Wide Web as disclosed in a paper entitled, "The World-Wide Web" published in the Communication of the ACM, Vol. 37, No. 8, pp. 76-82, issued August 1994 is prevailing. FIG. 8 illustrates a construction of this type of conventional hypermedia system.
As shown in the figure, a conventional hypermedia system includes a client computer 81 (hereinafter, simply, referred to as a client) and server computers 82a to 82c (hereinafter, simply, referred to as a server) connected via a network 80. The client 81 and the servers 82 store a plurality of contents files for storing contents of nodes such as a hypertext. The location of each contents file is specified by a node identifier (in the above-mentioned World-Wide Web, a node identifier called a URL (uniform resource locator) is used). In FIG. 8, each arrow indicated by a solid line indicates a data flow and each arrow indicated by a dashed line indicates the connection relationship between two nodes.
The client 81 accesses one of the servers 82a to 82c in the network 80 on the basis of a node identifier specified by a user and obtains a contents file of a node indicated by the node identifier to output the contents. For example, if the node identifier of a contents file 801 of the server 82a is specified in FIG. 8, the client 81 achieves the contents file 801 from the server 82a and displays its contents (such as texts) on a display screen. The displayed contents file 801 includes a definition of an anchor area 811, whose designation specifies the node identifier of a contents file 802 associated with this area. Then, the client 81 accesses the server 82b in the network 80 and obtains the contents file 802 to output its contents.
Additionally, the Japanese Patent Disclosure (Kokai) No. 7-44447 discloses a construction in which a hypertext apparatus existing in a host in a network inquires the location of a contents file from a directory server and then accesses the desired contents file, by use of the directory server provided for managing the titles and locations of contents files in the network so as to intensively manage the contents files scattered in the network.
The hypermedia system shown in FIG. 8, however, cannot know information about the contents of a contents file nor link data contained in a node specified by the client until it reads the contents file of the node. In addition, also as described in the Japanese Patent Disclosure (Kokai) No. 7-44447, the directory server manages the locations of contents files only, but cannot know the contents of the contents files nor the connection relationship between nodes.
To proceed with navigation efficiently, it is necessary to easily grasp the entire hypermedia structure composed of node data scattered in the network and link data indicating the connection relationship between nodes and also information about the contents of respective nodes to some extent. In the above conventional techniques, however, it is required to read nodes one by one to follow links, in order to grasp the contents of the nodes, and therefore, it has the disadvantage of requiring a large number of operation times and an enormously-long processing time.
Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to provide a hypermedia system which improves the efficiency of users' navigation works in a network environment.
Further, if a directory server is prepared for managing node link information intensively, it is required to update directory information of the directory server whenever node data or link data is updated on each server, which puts an increased burden on a server manager.
Therefore, a second object of the present invention is to provide a hypermedia system having a means for updating directory information on a directory server efficiently.
Still further, if directory information is updated with each server regularly checked by a directory server, there is a concentration of checks on node data and link data and of the extraction processing of the directory information, which puts an increased load on a host in which the directory server is working if there are a larger number of servers or link data of nodes on the servers.
Therefore, a third object of the present invention is to provide a hypermedia system which reduces a load in data updating in servers.


A method contains malware within a network resource. A blockchain system establishes a smart contract, on the blockchain system, for a network resource in a computer environment. The smart contract is for an action to be performed on the network resource if a malware is detected on the network resource. In response to malware being detected in the network resource, the blockchain system determines whether a consensus is reached by a plurality of computers on the blockchain system to implement the action to contain the malware based on the smart contract. In response to the consensus being reached by the plurality of computers, the blockchain system transmits, to the network resource, directions to implement the action on the network resource as specified by the smart contract.

The present invention relates to the field of blockchain, and particularly to blockchain that support network resources. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to preventing malware contamination of network resources using a blockchain.
Network resources include systems such as datacenters, cloud-based systems, etc. That is, a network resource is a resource that is accessible by a network. As such, a network resource is often vulnerable to attack. For example, a datacenter may be attacked by malware that not only affects a particular sub-system of the datacenter, but may also issue an alert that, based on the presence of the malware, causes the entire datacenter to shut down in order to contain the malware. However, a complete shut-down is often not required, since the malware often affects just certain components of the datacenter. This leads to a high cost of security and privacy breaches in systems within which the malware propagates within the system, such that recovery costs of the data in the datacenter and the systems/services that support and/or are supported by the datacenter is very high.

Blockchain-based malware containment in a network resource

International Business Machines Corporation


A dielectric ceramic composition of the present invention contains, as a main component, a tungsten-bronze-type composite oxide represented by a composition formula (K1-yNay)Sr2Nb5O15 (wherein 0≦y<0.2) and, as an auxiliary component, Mn in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 40 parts by mole relative to 100 parts by mole of the main component.

A known example of using a composite oxide having a tungsten-bronze structure (hereinafter referred to as "tungsten-bronze-type composite oxide") is as a piezoelectric ceramic for an actuator disclosed in Patent Document 1. This piezoelectric ceramic for an actuator is mainly composed of crystal grains of a tungsten-bronze-type composite oxide represented by a general formula NaSr2Nb5O15 in which a part of Nb is substituted with V and/or Ta. By substituting a part of Nb with V and/or Ta, the Curie temperature Tc is increased to 150° C. or higher, and at least one of the relative dielectric constant and the electromechanical coefficient (d33) are improved.
These piezoelectric characteristics are further improved by substituting a part of Sr in the general formula with an alkaline earth A (at least one element of Mg, Ca and Ba), and in addition, substituting a part of Na with K. Furthermore, Mn and Cu are added as an auxiliary component in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 weight percent in terms of oxides thereof, thereby improving the sinterability of the piezoelectric ceramic.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 11-240759

Dielectric ceramic composition and monolithic ceramic capacitor


The present invention relates to omega-3 diglyceride emulsions characterized in that the lipid phase comprises at least about 40 wt.-% of diglycerides. Preferably about 70 wt.-% of the acyl-groups of said diglycerides are eicoapentaenoic acid (EPA) groups and/or docasahexaenoic (DHA) groups. The invention further relates to methods of treatment using the omega-3 diglyceride emulsions.

Typically, post-operative and post-traumatic conditions as well as severe septic episodes are characterized by a substantial stimulation of the immune system ischemia reperfusion syndrome, and tendency for thrombosis formation. The immune response is activated by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor and interleukins) which, at high levels, may cause severe tissue damage.
In such clinical conditions, it is of particular importance to provide exogenous lipids that are hydrolyzed and eliminated faster than endogenous lipids (to avoid excessive increases of plasma triglyceride concentration). These lipids supply fatty acids omega-3 fatty acids) capable of reducing cytokine production as well as cytokine toxicity on tissues. Free fatty acids may not be directly administered through the diet or by other parenteral means because they behave as detergents and have toxic side effects. Thus, fatty acids are administered via lipid glycerides such as triglycerides. The fatty acids are released and used after the lipids are catabolized in the body via lipolysis. This effect is obtained when fatty acids are cleaved from the lipid molecules and incorporated (in free form or as components of phospholipids) in cell membranes where they influence membrane structure and cell function, serve as secondary messengers (thus affecting regulation of cell metabolism), influence the regulation of nuclear transcription factors, and are precursors of eicosanoids. Thus, it is desirable that this process take place as quickly as possible.
The human body is capable of synthesizing certain types of fatty acids. However, omega-3 and omega-6 are designated as "essential" fatty acids because they cannot be produced by the human body and must be obtained through other sources. For example, fish oils from cold-water fish have high omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids content with lower omega-6 fatty acid content. Most vegetable oils (i.e., soybean and safflower) have high omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (most in the form of 18:2 (Δ9, 12)-linoleic acid) content but low omega-3 (predominantly 18:3 (Δ9, 12, 15)-α-linolenic acid) content.
Essential fatty acids may be obtained through diet or other enteral or parenteral administration. However, the rate of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acid enrichment following oral supplementation varies substantially between different tissues and is particularly low in some regions of the brain and in the retina especially when given as the essential fatty acid precursor, α-linolenic acid. Further, human consumption of omega-3 fatty acids has decreased over the past thirty years, while consumption of omega-6 fatty acids has increased, especially in Western populations.
U.S. application Ser. No. 11/558,568, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, refers to methods of limiting cell death resulting from hypoxia-ischemia comprising, administering an omega-3 lipid-based emulsion after a hypoxia-ischemia insult. The omega-3 lipid-based emulsion preferably comprises at least 20% omega-3 oil, by weight, and wherein the omega-3 oil comprises at least 20% omega-3 triglycerides and/or diglycerides, and wherein fatty acids of the omega-3 triglyceride and/or diglycerides comprise at least 40% EPA and/or DHA. The application also refers to novel fish-oil compositions for administration after an ischemic insult to limit cell death in the organ that underwent an ischemic event.
Cao et al., "Chronic administration of ethyl docosahexaenoate decreases mortality and cerebral edema in ischemic gerbils", Life Sci. 2005 Nov. 19; 78(1):74-81 alleges that dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake can decrease the level of membrane arachidonic acid (AA), which is liberated during cerebral ischemia and implicated in the pathogenesis of brain damage. Cao investigated the effects of chronic ethyl docosahexaenoate (E-DHA) administration on mortality and cerebral edema induced by transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils.
GB 2388026, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, refers to use n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA and/or DHA in the preparation of an oral medicament for preventing cerebral damage in patients having symptoms of atherosclerosis of arteries supplying the brain.
Strokin M, Neuroscience 2006 Jun. 30; 140(2):547-53, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, investigated the role of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) in brain phospholipids for neuronal survival.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK


In an internal combustion engine provided with a high-pressure fuel pump, if the discharging rate of the high-pressure fuel pump is greater than the injection quantity of fuel injected from a injector with the high-pressure fuel pump remaining uncontrollable due to failure or the like, it is probable that the fuel pressure in a common rail unintentionally rises to affect the injector. A high-pressure fuel supply apparatus is provided to solve such a problem.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to apparatuses for an internal combustion engine and particularly to a high-pressure fuel supply apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, in spark-ignition engines such as gasoline engines, the technologies of direct injection internal combustion engines have been developed to improve fuel consumption and emission gas performance thereof by supplying fuel under pressure by a high-pressure pump and directly injecting the pressurized fuel into a combustion chamber.
To directly injecting fuel into the combustion chamber as mentioned above, the high-pressurized fuel is handled. This needs a high-pressure fuel supply apparatus. Proposals are made for such technologies.
Japanese Patent No. 3836399 intends to provide a fuel apparatus, for an internal combustion engine, of a type including a fuel container; a fuel pump; a fuel collecting passage adapted to receive fuel supplied thereto by the fuel pump; a valve device capable of controlling pressure in the fuel collecting passage; and a fuel injection device capable of allowing fuel to reach inside a combustion chamber of the engine. This fuel apparatus is characterized by the following. The valve device is formed to be closed in a non-operative state if operation pressure in at least the fuel collecting passage is normal. The valve device includes a pre-load device, which biases a valve element in a closing direction. The pre-load device is formed so that the valve device is opened in a non-operated state if the pressure in the fuel collecting passage exceeds a prescribed value. An opening pressure of the valve device in the non-operative state is set to a level lower than a maximally allowable functional pressure of the fuel injection device.
JP-A-2004-28037 intends to provide a high-pressure fuel supply apparatus that includes a high-pressure fuel supply apparatus for supplying under pressure fuel pumped from a low-pressure fuel pump to a common rail by a high-pressure fuel pump and further supplying the pressurized fuel to an injector for directly injecting the fuel in the common rail into a combustion chamber; a pressure control valve for controlling pressure in the common rail by returning fuel to the low-pressure side when the pressure increases to a predetermined value or more; a device for detecting the pressure in the common rail; and a control apparatus for controlling the pressure in the common rail.
This high-pressure fuel supply apparatus is characterized in that when the high-pressure fuel supply apparatus or a control apparatus thereof causes malfunction so that the pressure in the common rail increases, the pressure in the common rail does not exceed the maximum possible pressure for injector opening of the injector.
Japanese patent No. 3972823 intends to provide a pressure-accumulating type fuel injection apparatus that accumulates in a common rail high-pressure fuel supplied under pressure by a fuel supply pump rotatably driven by an engine and injects and supplies the high-pressure fuel into a cylinder of the engine via an injector, and that includes a pressure safety valve that opens to suppress the fuel pressure in the common rail to a limit set pressure or lower when the fuel pressure in the common rail exceeds the limit set pressure. This fuel injection apparatus is characterized by including fuel pressure detecting means for detecting the fuel pressure in the common rail; and an engine control apparatus that controls the engine to avoid an abnormal high-pressure state occurring continuously for a predetermined time, the abnormal high-pressure state being such that the fuel pressure in the common rail detected by the fuel pressure detecting means exceeds a pump-use allowable zone affecting the lowering of reliability of the fuel supply pump or an injector-use allowable zone affecting the lowering of reliability of the injector.

High-pressure fuel supply apparatus and control apparatus for internal combustion engine

Abstract: A high-pressure fuel supply apparatus according to the present invention is configured such that if the high-pressure fuel supply apparatus or a control apparatus thereof causes malfunction to increase the pressure in the common rail, the pressure in the common rail does not exceed pressure affecting the flow characteristic and spray characteristic of the injector after recovery from the malfunctioning state.


A reinforced flexible printed circuit board (20) includes a conductive portion (21) and a connection portion (22). The conductive portion includes a first metallic wire layer (23) having a plurality of conductive metallic wires, and two first Insulation layers (24). The connection portion includes a second metallic wire layer (26) having a plurality of conductive metallic wires, two second insulation layers (27), and a reinforcement board (29) having a hand-grip portion (291). The reinforcement board is attached to one of the second insulation layers to reinforce the connection portion, and the hand-grip portion is positioned at an end of the reinforcement board so that it is convenient for workers to assemble the reinforced flexible printed circuit board to other components.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to reinforced flexible printed circuit boards, and particularly to a reinforced flexible printed circuit board for connecting electrical circuits.
2. General Background
Quite a few electronic appliances such as liquid crystal display monitors need a flexible printed circuit board to connect a variety of electronic circuits together. FIG. 7 shows a conventional flexible printed circuit board 10. The flexible printed circuit board 10 includes a conductive portion 11 and a connection portion 12. The conductive portion 11 includes a first metallic wire layer 13 having a plurality of conductive metallic wires, and two first insulation layers 14. The connection portion 12 includes a second metallic wire layer 16 having a plurality of conductive metallic wires, two second insulation layers 17, and a reinforcement board 19. The metallic wires of the first metallic wire layer 13 are completely covered by the first insulation layers 14, and each of the metallic wires of the first metallic wire layer 13 is completely separate from the others. The metallic wires of the second metallic wire layer 16 are partly covered by the second insulation layers 17, and each of the metallic wires of the second metallic wire layer 16 is completely separate from the others. Ends of the metallic wires of the second metallic wire layer 16 are exposed. The metallic wires of the second metallic wire layer 16 are electrically connected with and correspond with the metallic wires of the first metallic wire layer 13. The reinforcement board 19 is attached to one of the second insulation layers 17; therefore the rigidity of the connection portion 12 is improved. However, when the flexible printed circuit board 10 is manually connected to a mating connector (not shown) of electric circuits of an associated appliance on an assembly line, the flexible printed circuit board 10 may be easily misaligned with the connector. When this happens, the flexible printed circuit board 10 may be Disconnected, or delays in assembly may occur.
Therefore, there is a need for a reinforced flexible printed circuit board that can be readily connected with other connectors.

Reinforced flexible printed circuit board


Examples relate to ordering updates for nonvolatile memory accesses. In some examples, a first update that is propagated from a write-through processor cache of a processor is received by a write ordering buffer, where the first update is associated with a first epoch. The first update is stored in a first buffer entry of the write ordering buffer. At this stage, a second update that is propagated from the write-through processor cache is received, where the second update is associated with a second epoch. A second buffer entry of the write ordering buffer is allocated to store the second update. The first buffer entry and the second buffer entry can then be evicted to non-volatile memory in epoch order.

Byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies, such as memristor, provide persistent data storage that can be accessed directly through processor load and store instructions. Processors can employ fast on-chip caches to hide the latency to access the NVM, which may reorder updates to NVM and complicate the implementation of crash-consistency protocols. In this case, augmenting write-back caches with ordering mechanisms or explicitly flushing cache lines can be used to ensure crash-consistency.

Ordering updates for nonvolatile memory accesses

Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP


A tandem driving device (1) of a stair lift to bring the stair lift (10, 11) along a guiding system (2, 3), consists of an upper calibrated guiding rail (2) and a lower guiding rail (3), enabling the stair lift to pass sharp corners during inclination of the lift. Two driving roller units (M1, M2) with on pair of rollers (4, 6; 5, 7) in each, are interconnected by a broken hinge (8a, 8b), the longitudinal axis of which intersects the longitudinal axis of the guiding system. The contacting surfaces of at least the driving roller (rollers) (4; 5) engage the upper rail (2) and have a friction-increasing resilient layer. The rollers are biased toward the upper guiding rail (2) by a spring.

There are many advantages both individually and to the society if disabled people can keep on living in a well known environment at home. Aid to move between different floors can be one condition for disabled people to keep on living and act in a wellknown environment. Hereby the possibilities to obtain a high quality in life is increased. This can be explained by the fact that the daily ususal routines once being automated in the brain can continue to work without too conscious efforts far up in the old age as long as the brains of the old people doesn't are exposed during a short period of time to too many new impressions (to a great pressure of information). This can happen when moving from the old housing to a home for the aged. Thus, the older people will then often be quite dependent upon external help. Neurophysiologically this can be explained by the fact that behaviour patterns in the brain being used to, which can work excellent in the old environment at home, does not often manage to adopt to new environments with many new impressions. There is a risk that the behaviour patterns collaps.


A method, computer system, and a computer program product for identifying and storing at least one representation to at least one chemical compound is provided. The present invention may include identifying a chemical compound associated with a source data. The present invention may also include assigning a structure representation to the identified chemical compound associated with the source data. The present invention may further include computing an unformulated representation based on the assigned structure representation. The present invention may then include indexing the computed unformulated representation and the assigned structure representation. The present invention may further include storing the indexed unformulated representation and the indexed structure representation separately as single records in a database.

The present invention relates generally to the field of computing, and more particularly to drug research.
The creation of new chemical products is fundamentally important to multiple industries, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, biotechnology, and other related areas. Due to the practically unlimited space of possible chemicals, there is a significant market for chemical information services and other products through which chemicals can be searched, browsed, compared, purchased, analyzed, predicted upon and so on. However, search and analytics of chemical products is particularly complex due in large part to the importance of chemical formulations.
Broadly, a chemical formulation is the way a chemical product is prepared and provided for use. For instance, while the active ingredient of a medication may be the compound known as montelukast, the actual formulation of this product for use as an injection may comprise the active ingredient in a sodium solution, namely montelukast sodium. Depending on the route of administration (e.g., injection, oral), dosage, stability and many other factors, there may be many formulations of a single active ingredient on the market, or in various stages of research or clinical trials.

Chemical formulation-aware cognitive search and analytics


The tunable filters of the present invention incorporate tunable dielectric materials (e.g., bulk and thin film ferroelectric and paraelectric materials) in contact with segments of resonators that are at an RF voltage maximum to alter the pass band or stop band characteristic of an RF signal outputted by the filter. The biasing circuitry in contact with the tunable dielectric material can include components for inhibiting or retarding the coupling of RF energy to the biasing circuit.

A planar filter is a radio frequency (RF) filtration device having all of its circuitry residing within a relatively thin plane. To achieve this, planar filters are generally implemented using flat transmission line structures such as microstrip and stripline transmission lines. These transmission line structures normally include a relatively thin, flat center conductor separated from a ground plane by a dielectric layer. Planar filters have been of interest in recent years because of their relatively small size, low cost and ease of manufacture.
Planar filters generally include one or more resonator elements. A resonator element is a transmission line configuration that is known to "resonate" at a certain center frequency. In general, a plurality of these resonator elements are arranged to achieve a desired filter response. For example, the resonators can be arranged so that only a predetermined range of frequencies (and harmonics of such) are allowed to pass through the filter from an input port to an output port. This type of filter is known as a "bandpass" filter and the predetermined range of frequencies is known as the pass band of the filter. In another arrangement, the resonators can be configured so that all frequencies are allowed to pass from an input port to an output port except for a predetermined range of frequencies (and harmonics of such). This type of filter is known as a "bandstop" filter and the predetermined range of frequencies is known as the stop band of the filter.
In tunable planar filters, the center or resonant frequency of the filter is altered to alter a characteristic of the outputted RF signal. For example, the range of frequencies (and harmonics of such) passed in a bandpass filter and stopped in a bandstop filter can be altered by altering the resonant frequency of the resonator element(s). To realize tuning, some tunable planar filters pass the RF signal through a ferroelectric material and bias the material with a variable DC voltage source to alter the permittivity of the material. The alteration of the permittivity alters the resonant frequency of the resonator element.
In designing a tunable planar filter, there are a number of important considerations. For example, the tunable planar filter should display very low insertion loss in the pass band of the filter (for bandpass filters) and outside of the stop band (for bandstop filters). The tunable filter should minimize parasitics and other unwanted resonances when the RF signal passes through the tunable filter. The tunable filter should have a high degree of tuning selectivity and sensitivity. The tunable filter should have a compact size for use in components where space is at a premium. The tunable filter should require a modest amount of power to effectuate tuning. Finally, the tunable filter should be robust and reliable in operation.


A novelty ice scraper has at least one beveled scraping edge and a serrated cutting edge. The device is about the size of a credit card but thicker to increase strength and durability. Preferably, the device is manufactured by laminating at least two plastic sheets together, cutting them to form, bevelling a scraping edge thereon, and providing a flattened tip along the beveled edges.

Ice scraper devices for use on automobile windshields typically carry at least one scraping edge which is used to remove frost and ice deposited on the windshield. The scraping edge is typically smooth, i.e., not jagged or broken. An additional scratching edge can be provided on the device which can be used to dig into larger ice accumulations on the windshield to break up the ice into smaller deposits for removal with the scraper edge. The scraper device needs to be large enough to be held conveniently in a user's hand and sturdy enough to be effective in removing the ice. However, the device should not be so unwieldy or excessively bulky that its portability is compromised.
Some people confronted with small brittle ice deposits and/or snow deposits on their automobile windshield improvise by using a standard plastic wallet card, e.g., a credit card, as a rudimentary scraping device. Not only is it likely that the plastic card can become permanently damaged as a result, but the card is generally not very effective in removing ice deposits of any significance. One proposal along these lines is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,445,420.
Other approaches to the problem employ larger, more substantial devices, which may provide a handle, squeegee, and/or brush feature. Various proposals are disclosed by U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,275,476; 4,418,439; 4,468,831; 4,712,269; 4,747,175; 4,809,386; 4,922,569; and 5,263,222. Ice scraping devices with plural scraping edges have also been disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,418,998 and 5,099,540.
An ice scraper having two types of edges, one being a smooth beveled edge and the other having a plurality of elevated ridges, attached to a handle is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,719,660. A similar device disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,813,458 provides a scraping blade and scraping teeth on opposing faces of the device in combination with a handle. Yet another device has toothed rollers or disks to break up the ice prior to scraping is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,546,513.
However, none of the above devices is conveniently planar and palm-sized, and having a scraping edge juxtaposed with a scratching edge, which can be used synergistically to remove larger ice deposits.


A wheel position detecting apparatus comprises transmitters, a triggering device, and a receiver. The transmitters are attached to the plurality of wheels respectively. Each transmitter transmits a frame responsively to a triggering signal from the triggering device. The frame includes data indicating a reception intensity of the triggering signal. The triggering device is disposed in a vehicle body and outputs the triggering signal toward the transmitters attached to the plurality of wheels. This triggering device is positioned nearest to a specified wheel among the plurality of wheels to which the triggering signal is outputted, the specified wheel being influenced most heavily by noise generated in the vehicle. The receiver, disposed to the vehicle body, receives the frame and uses the data indicating the reception intensity of the triggering signal to detect positions of the wheels by determining which transmitter is attached to which wheel.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for detecting a state the wheels are attached to which positions of a vehicle and a method of manufacturing the detecting apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, a direct type of apparatus for detecting the inflation pressure of tires of a vehicle has been known. In this type of tire inflation pressure detecting apparatus, there is provided a transmitter with a sensor such as a pressure sensor, which is directly attached to a wheel with a tire. On the side of the vehicle body, an antenna and a receiver are provided. Thus, when the receiver receives, via the antenna, from the transmitter a detection signal detected by the sensor, the receiver is able to detect the inflation pressure of each tire on the received detection signal.
In this direct type of tire inflation pressure detecting apparatus, it is determined whether or not data which has been received is coming from the transmitter of the own vehicle and it is determined by the transmitter that the detection signal is coming from which sensor. For those determinations, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,602,524 (which corresponds to Japanese Patent No. 3212311), data to be transmitted from the transmitter additionally contains ID (identification) information to distinguish the own vehicle from other vehicles and identify a wheel with the transmitter. The ID information is previously stored in the receiver and, when the receiver receives data from the transmitter, the stored ID information and received ID information are used to determine that which wheel the data is coming from.
However, in cases where the user changes the positions of the wheels in, for example, rotating tires, there occurs a problem. That is, the user should read ID information about rotated tires, and update already stored information by the read-out ID information in the receiver. Unless such an information update work is done, the tire inflation pressure detecting apparatus cannot cope with the positional changes of the wheels.
The registration of the ID information in the receiver is a time-consuming task, and thus it is desired to detect the locations of the transmitters (or the associated tires), in other words, to automatically identify the wheel on which each of the transmitters (or the associated tires) is located, even if there is noise in the vehicle.

Apparatus for improving reception in a wheel monitoring system and manufacturing the same


A multi-dimensional vibration control method based on piezoelectric ceramic actuator applied to wind tunnel test of aircraft model. The pitch and yaw acceleration sensors arranged on the center of mass of the aircraft model are used to measure the two components of the main vibration acceleration of the aircraft model, and the main vibration vector of the aircraft model is obtained and the real-time vibration plane of the strut is determined. Inertia is introduced to solve the dynamic bending moment on the active section of the multi-dimensional vibration damper, and then the stress distribution on the active section is obtained. The multi-dimensional active vibration control system is adopted to improve the stability and reliability of the active vibration control system of wind tunnel model, extend the service life of piezoelectric ceramic actuator, and ensure the quality of wind tunnel test data and the safety of wind tunnel test.

Wind tunnel test is an important means in the research and development of core equipment or components in aviation field. In full-mode measurement, pressure measurement and other tests, the aircraft model is fixed on the Angle of attack adjustment mechanism by connecting the force balance with the wind tunnel tail brace strut, which is a typical cantilever beam system. With the increase of the test angle of attack, the gas passing through the upper surface of the aircraft airfoil will no longer be attached to the airfoil surface and will fall off from the airfoil surface, and an eddy current will be generated behind the leading edge of the airfoil, resulting in random excitation to the aircraft model wing, coupled with the disturbance of the fluctuating air pressure in the wind tunnel itself and the wide-band unstable air flow such as the model wake flow. It causes the low-order multi-dimensional low-frequency large vibration of the model support system in the pitching plane, yaw plane and axis direction, especially in the case of transonic speed. This vibration will result in poor quality of measurement data, overload of sensor, and limitation of test envelope (angle of attack, etc.). If the test is not stopped in time, it will even cause damage to the cantilever beam support system and wind tunnel equipment, threatening the safety of wind tunnel test. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effective multi-dimensional vibration control method to improve the data quality of wind tunnel test and the integrity of test envelope (angle of attack, etc.), so as to ensure the safe and smooth conduct of wind tunnel test.
Generally speaking, the vibration control of wind tunnel aircraft model is divided into passive vibration control mode and active vibration control mode. The passive vibration control mode is limited to specific large-space model and specific working condition, and the corresponding speed is slow, so the vibration control effect is not ideal. Therefore, the active vibration control method with strong universality, fast response speed and large output power is the one with the most research and practical significance.
In recent years, the active vibration control system of wind tunnel model of aircraft research focused on the aircraft model pitching direction of vibration and vibration control tail brace strut structure research, Sun Yiyu, Shen Xing and others of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics invented a patent "a kind of wind tunnel tail strut with flexure hinge to realize active vibration control", patent number is CN 207050948 U, a kind of wind tunnel tail strut for active vibration control with flexure hinge structure using a piezoelectric ceramic actuator is invented. the strut can realize vibration control structurally, but the effect of vibration control is limited. And the vibration control can only be realized in the pitch plane. The patent "an active vibration suppression device applied to wind tunnel model vibration suppression" invented by Yang Tiejun, Li Xinhui and others of Harbin Engineering University, patent number CN 108225714 A, invented a way to control the axial displacement of pitching and yaw piezoelectric ceramic components by arranging piezoelectric ceramics in pitching and yaw planes respectively, so that the test model produces pitching vibration and yaw vibration or their coupling vibration respectively, to realize vibration control. Although through the pitch and yaw vibrations of test model decoupling control can achieve certain vibration control effect, but the main process of aircraft model in wind tunnel test vibration in longitudinal direction, the yaw direction vibration smaller aircraft model, decorate in the yaw direction and longitudinal direction the same number of piezoelectric ceramic actuator is used to control a lot of the yaw direction of vibration is smaller, result in vibration control of a large amount of waste, and to decompose the vibration in pitch and yaw plane respectively to control, not to the original main vibration control of the flying model, control process, the stability and reliability of the control system are affected when the piezoelectric ceramic components work in different planes.

Multi-dimensional vibration control method for the model of strut tail-supported aircraft


Methods are provided for assessing mutations and/or loss of the huBUB1 gene in human tumors. Loss of wild-type huBUB1 genes is involved in neoplastic development. Therapeutic regimens can be planned on the basis of the mutational status of huBUB1.

The invention relates to the area of cancer diagnostics. More particularly, the invention relates to detection of the loss and or alteration of wild-type huBUB1 genes in tumor tissues.
Genes and proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis have been found to be important in the development of cancers. There is a continuing need in the art for identification of components of cells which control the cell cycle and apoptosis.
The object of this invention is to provide tools and methods for diagnosing, prognosing, and treating neoplasia. This and other objects of the invention are provided by one or more of the embodiments described below.
One embodiment of the invention provides an isolated and purified huBUB1 protein comprising an amino acid sequence which is at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2.
Another embodiment of the invention provides an isolated and purified huBUB1 polypeptide which comprises at least 6 contiguous amino acids selected from an amino acid sequence which is at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2.
Yet another embodiment of the invention provides a fusion protein comprising a first protein segment and a second protein segment fused together with a peptide bond. The first protein segment comprises at least 6 contiguous amino acids of a huBUB1 protein having an amino acid sequence which is at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2.
Still another embodiment of the invention provides a preparation of antibodies which specifically binds to a huBUB1 protein.
Even another embodiment of the invention provides an isolated and purified subgenomic polynucleotide comprising at least 10 contiguous nucleotides selected from a nucleotide sequence which is at least 85% identical to the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1.
A further embodiment of the invention provides a DNA expression construct comprising an isolated and purified subgenomic polynucleotide. The isolated and purified subgenomic polynucleotide comprises at least 10 contiguous nucleotides selected from a nucleotide sequence which is at least 85% identical to the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1.
Another embodiment of the invention provides a host cell. The host cell comprises an isolated and purified subgenomic polynucleotide. The isolated and purified subgenomic polynucleotide comprises at least 10 contiguous nucleotides selected from a nucleotide sequence which is at least 85% identical to the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
Still another embodiment of the invention provides a method of diagnosing a neoplastic tissue of a human. A tissue suspected of being neoplastic is isolated from a human. Loss of a wild-type huBUB1 gene or an expression product of a wild-type huBUB1 gene from the tissue is detected. The loss of the wild-type huBUB1 gene or its expression product indicates neoplasia of the tissue.
Yet another embodiment of the invention provides a method of supplying wild-type huBUB1 gene function to a cell which has lost said gene function by virtue of mutation in a huBUB1 gene. All or a portion of a wild-type huBUB1 gene is introduced into a cell which has lost said gene function. The portion of the wild-type huBUB1 gene is required for non-neoplastic growth of the cell. The all or a portion of the wild-type huBUB1 gene is expressed in the cell.
Even another embodiment of the invention provides a pair of single-stranded DNA primers. The pair of single-stranded DNA primers allows synthesis of all or part of a huBUB1 gene coding sequence.
Another embodiment of the invention provides a nucleic acid probe complementary to a wild-type huBUB1 gene as shown in SEQ ID NO:1.
Yet another embodiment of the invention provides a nucleic acid probe complementary to a mutant huBUB1 gene.
Still another embodiment of the invention provides a method of detecting the presence of a neoplastic tissue in a human. A body sample is isolated from a human. A mutant huBUB1 gene or expression product is detected in the body sample. Detection of a mutant huBUB1 gene or expression product indicates the presence of a neoplastic tissue in the human.
Another embodiment of the invention provides a method of detecting genetic predisposition to cancer in a human. A human sample selected from the group consisting of blood and fetal tissue is isolated. DNA is extracted from the sample. Loss of a wild-type huBUB1 gene from the DNA is detected. Detection of the loss of a wild-type huBUB1 gene indicates a genetic predisposition to cancer in the human.
A further embodiment of the invention provides a method for identifying test compounds which interfere with huBUB3-huBUB1 binding, said compounds being candidate therapeutic agents. A first protein, a second protein, and a test compound are contacted. The first protein comprises at least a portion of huBUB3 which binds to huBUB1 and the second protein comprises at least a portion of huBUB1 which binds to huBUB3 or the first protein comprises at least a portion of huBUB1 which binds to huBUB3 and the second protein comprises at least a portion of huBUB3 which binds to huBUB1. The quantity of the first protein which is bound to, is displaced from, or is prevented from binding to, the second protein or the quantity of the second protein which is bound to, displaced from, or is prevented from binding to the first protein is determined. A compound which diminishes the quantity of the first protein bound to the second protein or the second protein bound to the first protein, or which displaces the first protein bound to the second protein or the second protein bound to the first protein, or which prevents the first and second proteins from binding, is identified as a candidate therapeutic agent.
Another embodiment of the invention provides a method of identifying compounds which interfere with huBUB3-huBUB1 binding. A cell is contacted with a compound to be tested for its capacity to inhibit huBUB1-huBUB3 binding. The cell comprises a first fusion protein comprising a sequence-specific DNA-binding domain, a second fusion protein comprising a transcriptional activation domain, and a DNA construct comprising a reporter gene downstream from a DNA element which is recognized by the sequence-specific DNA binding-domain. The first fusion protein further comprises at least a portion of a huBUB3 protein which binds to a huBUB1 protein and the second fusion protein further comprises at least a portion of a huBUB1 protein which binds to a huBUB3 protein, or the first fusion protein further comprises at least a portion of a huBUB1 protein which binds to a huBUB3 protein and the second fusion protein further comprises at least a portion of a huBUB3 protein which binds to a huBUB1 protein. The amount of expression of the reporter gene in the presence of the compound is determined. A compound which decreases the amount of expression of the reporter gene is identified as a candidate therapeutic agent.
Still another embodiment of the invention provides a method of identifying test compounds which decrease the kinase activity of huBUB1. A huBUB1 protein is contacted with a test compound. The kinase activity of the huBUB1 protein is determined. A compound which decreases kinase activity of the huBUB1 protein is identified as a candidate therapeutic agent.
Even another embodiment of the invention provides a method of increasing the sensitivity of a tumor to an anti-tumor agent. The tumor is contacted with a compound which inhibits huBUB1 kinase activity or which inhibits huBUB1-huBUB3 binding. The sensitivity of the tumor to an anti-tumor agent is increased.
Another embodiment of the invention provides a method of expressing a huBUB1 subgenomic polynucleotide in a cell. The huBUB1 subgenomic polynucleotide is delivered to the cell. The huBUB1 subgenomic polynucleotide is expressed.
The present invention thus provides the art with the sequence of the human huBUB1 gene and protein. This information allows highly specific assays to be done to assess the neoplastic status of a particular tumor tissue.

Detection of loss of the wild-type huBUB1 gene


A radiation imaging apparatus includes a pixel array having pixels including conversion elements and switching elements, a bias line for supplying a bias potential to the conversion elements; driving lines for supplying a signal to control the switching elements, a driving unit for performing an initialization operation of supplying a driving signal to each driving line group, switching each driving signal from an OFF voltage to an ON voltage, and then returning the driving signal to the OFF voltage; an acquisition unit configured to acquire a plurality of times in each driving cycle a signal value representing a current flowing through the bias line; a calculation unit configured to calculate radiation information based on the signal values; and a determination unit configured to determine whether irradiation of the pixel array with radiation is present based on the radiation information.

1. Field of the Invention
The present disclosure relates to a radiation imaging apparatus and radiation imaging system.
2. Description of the Related Art
There has been proposed an arrangement in which a radiation imaging apparatus detects the presence/absence of irradiation with radiation to synchronize a radiation generating apparatus and the radiation imaging apparatus. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-543684 has proposed a radiation imaging apparatus which detects the presence/absence of irradiation with radiation by using the fact that when the radiation imaging apparatus is irradiated with radiation, a current flows through a bias line which supplies a bias potential to pixels. More specifically, when a current flowing through the bias line exceeds a predetermined threshold, it is determined that the radiation imaging apparatus has been irradiated with radiation. In addition to a current arising from radiation, a noise current flows through the bias line owing to various factors. When the noise current is large, it may be erroneously detected that the radiation imaging apparatus has been irradiated with radiation though it is not actually irradiated with radiation. To prevent the detection error, in the above-mentioned reference, a sample and hold circuit is arranged to hold a dark current flowing through the bias line. A value obtained by subtracting the held dark current from a current flowing through the bias line at a certain time point is compared with a threshold.

Radiation imaging apparatus and radiation imaging system


In a control apparatus for a vehicular automatic transmission having transmission trains of five forward speeds or more, the transmission trains are divided into two groups of a low-speed system made up of relatively low-speed transmission trains and a high-speed system made up of relatively high-speed transmission trains. A main shift valve is provided for selectively supplying pressurized oil supplied from a manual valve through a first oil supply passage to an oil passage for the low-speed system and to an oil passage for the high-speed system. A shift valve unit for the low-speed system, which unit has one or more shift valves for selectively establishing transmission trains belonging to the low-speed system, is interposed in the oil passage for the low-speed system. A shift valve unit for the high-speed system, which unit has one or more shift valves for selectively establishing transmission trains belonging to the high-speed system, is interposed in the oil passage for the high-speed system.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a control apparatus for a vehicular automatic transmission which has transmission trains of five forward speeds or more.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, in a control apparatus for a transmission which has a plurality of transmission trains, a plurality of shift valves are connected in series in an oil supply passage which is communicated with a manual valve. In an upshift position of an upstream shift valve, the oil is supplied to a downstream shift valve. In a downshift position of the oil-supplied shift valve, the oil is supplied to a hydraulic engaging element of a corresponding transmission train to thereby establish the transmission train. For example, in a transmission of five forward speeds, there are connected in series, from an upstream side downwards, a first-second (1-2) shift valve, a second-third (2-3) shift valve, a third-fourth (3-4) shift valve and a fourth-fifth (4-5) shift valve.
If the shift valves are connected in series as described above, all shift valves on the downstream side will be affected by an abnormality of a shift valve on an upstream side, with the result that the transmission by these shift valves cannot be effected normally. Therefore, it is necessary to provide shift valves on the upstream side with a fail-safe function. However, with five or more transmission trains, the shift valves to be provided with the fail-safe function increase in number, resulting in a complicated circuit construction for the fail-safe function.
On the other hand, a solenoid valve has been recently proposed which interposed in an oil circuit for spool control of each shift valve so that each shift valve can be shift-controlled, or controlled for changeover, by an electronic control circuit via each solenoid valve. In such an arrangement, the same number of solenoid valves are required as that of the shift valves. With the increase in the number of transmission trains, the number of solenoid valves also increases to thereby bring about a complicated hydraulic oil circuits and higher costs.

Control apparatus for vehicular automatic transmission


To provide cover glass for mobile terminals exhibiting high strength in a thin plate thickness state to enable reductions in thickness of apparatuses when inserted in the apparatuses, cover glass (1) for a mobile terminal of the invention is cover glass (1) that is obtained by forming a resist pattern on main surfaces of a plate-shaped glass substrate, then etching the glass substrate with an etchant using the resist pattern as a mask, and thereby cutting the glass substrate into a desired shape and that protects a display screen of the mobile terminal, where an edge face of the cover glass (1) is formed of a molten glass surface, and as surface roughness of the edge face, arithmetic mean roughness Ra is 10 nm or less.

In a mobile terminal device such as a cellular phone and PDA, to prevent a shock and external force from being applied to the display, a protective plate made of plastic, for example, protective plate made of acrylic resin with high transparency is disposed at a predetermined distance outside the display (for example, Patent Document 1).
However, since the protective plate made of acrylic resin tends to bend by external force, it is necessary to set the distance between the protective plate and display at a large extent to which the bending can be absorbed. Further, it is required to increase the thickness to provide the protective plate made of acrylic resin with strength to some extent. Therefore, it has become difficult to actualize thinner mobile terminal devices.
Then, to actualize thinner mobile terminal devices, proposed is a protective plate using chemically strengthened glass which suppress bending and is a thin plate while having strength (for example, Patent Document 2). Patent Document 2 describes cover glass for mobile terminals obtained by cutting plate glass of a specific glass composition into a predetermined shape, chamfering the edge face, performing mirror polishing processing on both surfaces, and then forming a compressive stress layer in the surface by chemical strengthening, thereby suppressing its bending and reducing its tendency to break, and a manufacturing method of the cover glass.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-299199
Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-99557

Cover glass for mobile terminals, manufacturing method of the same and mobile terminal device


A method of performing an animal related action on an animal by means of a robot arm is disclosed. The method includes carrying out measurements on the animal by means of a sensor for locating at least one animal part, generating, on the basis of the measurements, a list of data each corresponding to a possible animal part, comparing the data on the list with historical data regarding at least one animal part, assigning to each of the data on the list, on the basis of the comparison, a probability value for actual correspondence with at least one animal part, selecting as target position that possible target position that corresponds to the data on the list having the highest probability value and moving the robot arm to the target position which corresponds to the animal part found and performing there the animal related action.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the field of animal husbandry and more particularly to a method of performing an animal related action on an animal by means of a robot arm. The invention further relates to a device for performing said method.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is known to perform animal related actions on an animal using a robot arm. Such animal related actions may include milking, cleaning and other actions related to animal husbandry. In order to perform such actions it may be necessary to first carry out measurements on the animal by means of a sensor for the purpose of locating the animal part to be treated. After successful location of the animal part, the robot arm is moved to a target position relative to that part and the animal related action is performed.
In such known devices, it may sometimes happens that, by means of the sensor, objects are found that do not correspond to the animal part searched. This leads to incorrect movements of the robot arm and consequently to loss of time. Therefore, it is of great importance that locating an animal part takes place in an accurate and exact manner.

Method of performing an animal related action on an animal and a device for performing said method


A screwdriver handle comprises a base portion; a pair of arms pivotally connected to the base portion; a locking sleeve mounted around the base portion and adapted to engage the pair of arms; a spring member mounted around the base portion and adapted to engage the locking sleeve; a torsion spring connected to the base portion and each of the pair of arms; and a pin connecting the pair of arms to the base portion. The base portion comprises at least one gripping indent feature and a hollow inner shaft chamber having a locking indent feature. The pair of arms are adapted to articulate from a first position planar to a longitudinal axis of the base portion to a second position transverse to the longitudinal axis of the base portion. The locking sleeve is adapted to move along a longitudinal axis of the base portion.

1. Field of the Invention
The embodiments of the invention generally relate to tools and, more particularly, to tool handles.
2. Description of the Related Art
Screwdrivers are configured with a wide assortment of handles to help the user secure a proper grip. Most screwdriver handles have various forms of indent features or gripping areas to allow a user to secure a better grip. However, users may not be able to properly get a good ergonomic grip when using screwdrivers, especially when high torque applications are involved such as trying to dislodge a rusted screw. Therefore, it is desirable to develop a novel screwdriver handle capable of allowing a user to use the screwdriver in higher torque applications.


An optical disk drive apparatus is provided has a reading section which reads the reflection of a laser beam from a disk to produce a read signal, a filter section which filters the read signal with the use of three or more different cutoff frequencies upon receiving a control signal from a two or more bits control line, a reproducing section which playbacks the read signal filtered by the filter, and a control section which provides the filter with the control signal along the two or more bits control line so that the filtering action with the three or more different cutoff frequencies of the filter is carried out throughout three or more consecutive periods respectively.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a playback process in a disk drive apparatus and particularly to a disk drive apparatus, a disk playback method, and a disk adapted in which when the disk action is shifted from a not recorded area to a recorded area of a disk medium, its readout signal is subjected to a filtering process for minimizing the unstable period thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
Typical recording media and record/playback apparatuses capable of recording and playing back of digital data include optical disks such as a digital versatile disk (DVD). For example, a DVD-RAM, one type of DVD, has a signal recording layer provided in its recording medium where the crystalline condition of the recording layer is modified by irradiating the signal recording layer with a laser beam having a proper energy. When irradiating the signal recording layer with a laser beam having a proper energy again, a reflected light of an amount according to the crystalline condition of the recording layer is obtained. Digital data is recorded and reproduced by detecting the reflected light. Other similar type of optical disk like DVD-RW and a DVD-R are commercially available. Also, optical disk drives employing the shorter wavelength of blue laser light have been introduced in the market. These recording media are substantially equal in the size but quite different in the detailed factors.
The signal recording layer of the recording medium has various conditions. For example, the recording layer of the optical disk consists mainly of a series of non-laser-irradiated regions (non-recorded areas) and laser-irradiated regions (recorded areas) along a track. Also, the optical disk may has a series of pits between the common recording areas.
It is not unusual during the playback operation that the DC level in the reflected light remains not stable due to the condition of the medium. If the DC level of the reflected light is significantly changed, it may cause malfunctions of the circuitry components at the subsequent stage. For compensation, some prior arts of improvement have been proposed.
In Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2000-182239, one of the related arts is disclosed in which the cut-off frequency of a highpass filter (HPF) is temporarily switched to another for shortening the length of the transient response.
In Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2000-331425, another related art is disclosed in which the cutoff frequency of a highpass filter (HPF) is temporarily increased to a high level and then decreased by small steps.
It is yet troublesome in the related art of Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2000-182239 that when the playback action is shifted from the non-recorded area to the recorded area, the transient response in the output signal is again attenuated to zero at one of the two cutoff frequencies but not by the other cutoff frequency immediately after the switching and may cause the downstream circuits to be functioned with difficulty.
The related art of Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2000-331425 also fails to eliminate completely the transient response when the playback action is varied in the speed or conducted in different formats because the sequence (speed) of declining the cutoff frequency is fixed, although the level of the transient response remains low with the cutoff frequency being declined gradually.
In addition, a further related art is disclosed for reference as Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2003-157528.

Method and apparatus for filtering read signal to three or more cutoff frequencies with two or more bits control line throughout three or more consecutive periods