A system and method are described for depositing a material onto a receiving surface, where the material is formed by use of a plasma to modify a source material in-transit to the receiving surface. The system comprises a microwave generator electronics stage. The system further includes a microwave applicator stage including a cavity resonator structure. The cavity resonator structure includes an outer conductor, an inner conductor, and a resonator cavity interposed between the outer conductor and the inner conductor. The system also includes a multi-component flow assembly including a laminar flow nozzle providing a shield gas, a zonal flow nozzle providing a functional process gas, and a source material flow nozzle configured to deliver the source material. The source material flow nozzle and zonal flow nozzle facilitate a reaction between the source material and the functional process gas within a plasma region.

Using air plasmas for surface degreasing and activation have been effective for treating bare substrates; however, the benefits of such air plasma treatments expire after a few hours of ambient exposure. Functionalizing and then sealing the surface with a material coating, e.g. silane-based, alumina, yttria-stabilized zirconia, titanium nitride, diamond-like carbon, etc., can provide desirable surface properties, such as: corrosion/wear/impact resistance, lubricity, modified electrical/thermal transport properties, etc. Plasma-based vacuum coating techniques have been used for decades in semiconductor fabrication, photovoltaics, display and web coating industries; however, for many industrial applications there is a need for thin-film processing and deposition without vacuum chambers for in-field, in-factory and low-cost manufacturing.
Atmospheric pressure plasma systems based on dielectric-barrier discharges, corona jets, RF parallel plates and gliding/rotating arc discharges have been introduced for applications such as surface modification, surface cleaning and bacterial sterilization. A controlled rotating/gliding arc (e.g. PlasmaTreat, Relyon) operates at high power levels and can be combined with a precursor gas injection ring for deposition. However, the gas temperature is very hot and turbulent to avoid arc heating in one location. Thus, a plasma zone is only present a few mm away from the nozzle head when using a precursor gas injection approach for forming surface coatings. Moreover, multiple plasma generators are required for surface cleaning prior to coating—resulting in a bulky system suited best for flat, linear parts.
Non-equilibrium cold plasma atmospheric pressure plasma jets (e.g. Apjet, Surfx) run at 13.56 MHz excitation frequency. Such systems are quasi-continuous and have near-room temperature plasma jet energies. These systems are costly and require kW-level power supplies, electro-mechanical RF impedance matching circuits and tuning controllers with active water jacket cooling using chillers. The stability and uniformity of a radio-frequency discharge is limited by a critical power density beyond which the plasma becomes unstable leading to runaway arcing and debris generation. Adding larger molecular weight precursor species and reactive gas chemistries requires more power to strike and maintain the plasma reaching this limit sooner.
An alternative is the basic dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) that is limited in achievable power density spread over large flat plates. Companies, such as PSM Korea, tried to use this technique for large area cleaning and surface activation. Subsequent improvements of the basic DBD hybridized the original technique with a point-like encapsulated electrode to lower the required voltage for breakdown and added local gas flow to extend a plasma jet several cm to enable treating hard-to-reach surfaces to be treated.

Atmospheric cold plasma jet coating and surface treatment


A semiconductor device including a ferrite layer, a widebandgap semiconductor material layer, and a buffer layer. The buffer layer comprises an interweaving of MgO and BaM. In addition the buffer layer allows a gradual reduction of the interfacial stress, and mediates the strain between a silicon substrate and a ferrite layer of the device. In addition, the buffer layer allows for high crystal alignment resulting in high crystal quality and thereby producing a low microwave loss semiconductor device. The buffer layer also minimizes chemical interdiffusion of atoms between the substrate and the ferrite layer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to semiconductor materials. More specifically, the present invention relates to growth of ferrite materials on a semiconductor substrate.
2. Description of the Related Art
The next generation of radar electronics employs simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) technology incorporating magnetic ceramics in multiport devices allowing simultaneous transmission of electromagnetic signals. The applications of this technology are within radar systems that enable continuous tracking of multiple targets. This technology is also applicable in the wireless communications market as well, cellular, and satellite communications.
An important component to radar electronics is the circulator. The operation of a circulator is based on the manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) signals in a multiport nonreciprocal device. For example, the signal entering into the first port is wholly coupled to an adjacent port while the EM signal is isolated from the other port(s). Circulators with three or more ports have nonreciprocal properties that are highly valued in many microwave systems. Magnetic ceramics, such as ferrites, that are biased in a DC magnetic field exhibit anisotropic wave propagation characteristics. These characteristics of the EM waves gives rise to a non-reciprocal rotation of the plane of polarization of the EM wave, a non-reciprocal phase shift and a non-reciprocal displacement of the microwave field pattern. Ferrites (e.g., magnetic oxides that have both desirable dielectric and magnetic properties and, most importantly, are insulators) have been an integral part of nearly all circulator device designs that operate at μ- and mm-wave frequencies.
Although spinel ferrites and garnets have been used in many applications from 1-10 GHz, the hexaferrites with appropriate cation substitutions have proven to be versatile for applications from 1-100 GHz. Ba-hexaferrite (BaM) is the prototypical material that is considered to be an enabling material for such applications. Accordingly, it would be desirable to employ hexaferrites in circulators, isolators, filters, and phase shifter applications.
In addition, one long standing problem facing the ferrite materials and device communities is the need for integration of these ferrite devices with semiconductor platforms (i.e. CMOS systems). In order to make this a reality one needs to process ferrites on semiconductor substrates. High crystal quality, low microwave loss, ferrites are processed at elevated temperatures typically approximately 900° C.; temperatures at which traditional semiconductor materials degrade. This has been the limiting factor.
The deposition of ferrites onto a semiconductor substrate is currently not possible due to the mismatch in lattice parameters between BaM and SiC, for example. In other words, the atoms within the ferrite (BaM) layer and the semiconductor (SiC) layer are unable to properly align causing strains and poor crystal alignment. In microwave applications, for example, this mismatch leads to unacceptable losses.
In recent years new wide bandgap semiconductor materials (i.e., SiC and GaN) have been developed that are stable to very high temperatures. With a high saturated drift velocity (˜2.7*107 cm/s), wide bandgap (3.03 eV), and high breakdown electric field strength (2.4×106 V/cm), SiC holds unique potential as a substrate for the next generation of high-temperature, high-frequency, high-power electronics. In contrast to other substrates being used in ICs and MMICs (monolithic microwave integrated circuits), the strong covalent Si—C bond provides this material with high thermal stability and chemical inertness. Furthermore, the atomic lattice mismatch between SiC and BaM is less than 5% allowing for their possible integration.

Growth of high quality low-loss ferrite materials on wide bandgap semiconductor substrates

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


The present invention relates to a carrier for a ball, including a cover defining a cavity and an inner core element positioned within the cavity. The inner core element includes a first half and a second half. Each half has a first side and a second side which are hingedly connected together, and each has a semispherical cavity formed therein and both semispherical cavities together forming a ball cavity adapted to hold a ball. The inner core element is formed of a strong material capable of supporting a seated man and positioned in the cavity of the cover.

This invention relates to gym bags, and in particular to a gym bag for holding a ball and related items, such as a uniform, athletic shoes and the like.
Balls are spherical, precise, but bulky athletic items. Balls are made from materials making a ball best suited for indoor, i.e. gym, use. Balls are not only played with, but are sat on, exposed to adverse weather conditions, and generally subject to a level of abuse which not only reduces the precision handling characteristics of the ball but structurally weakens and eventually destroys the ball. There is, therefore, a need for a gym bag which will allow easy and convenient transport of a player's ball, as well as a gym bag which will protect the ball from rough and ill-suited handling and weather conditions.


The disclosure describes systems and methods for processing audio signals in a vehicle to perform sound source separation. The sound source separation is performed using transfer functions and involves separation of the speech of multiple occupants. The separated speech can be used to isolate and correctly respond to a command to control vehicle systems.

Voice commands are useful to control vehicle systems. However, if multiple occupants in a vehicle are talking at the same time, it may be difficult for a digital assistant or the like to interpret/understand a command that is issued by one of the occupants, which may result in an incorrect response or no response at all. It is with respect to these and other considerations that the disclosure made herein is presented.

Systems and methods for audio processing


Systems and methods are described herein for a media guidance application that facilitates showing a user's media asset consumption and interaction history by collecting and storing the user's interactions with media assets for later presentation to the user. Specifically, the media guidance application may monitor content that the user is consuming, purchasing, or otherwise interacting with and may store the monitored information. At a later time, the media guidance application may detect that the user wishes to navigate to a past time interval. As a result, the media guidance application may generate for display media asset identifiers corresponding to media assets transmitted to a plurality of users during that time interval and indicate to the user which media asset identifiers correspond to media assets that the user interacted with and also indicate the different types of previously monitored user interactions corresponding to respective media assets.

In conventional systems, users have access to a plethora of media content. In most cases users can view what content will be available in the future and what content has been available in the past. However, with so much content available, users often require assistance in keeping track of content that they have consumed or otherwise interacted with in the past. In addition, users require an efficient system that is able to present that consumption and interaction history to a user.

Systems and methods for showing media asset consumption history


A method is provided for removing material from a structure having at least one layer of material formed on a substrate. The method includes the steps of irradiating a target area of a structure with radiant energy sufficient to break or weaken chemical bonds in the material, and impinging the target area with a particle stream to remove the pyrolyzed material from the structure. The method may be implemented by a system comprising a housing having a window; a radiant energy source mounted in the housing for irradiating the target area of the structure with the radiant energy; and a nozzle mounted to the exterior of the housing for directing the stream of particles at the target area.

Coatings play an important-role in today's manufactured products based society. Coatings provide immunity to corrosion, thermal insulation, shielding, enhanced appearance, as well as aid in identification. Paints and other types of protective coatings are purposely designed to adhere to the substrate to which they are applied and resist removal. Thus, the removal of paints and other coatings from a substrate is usually very difficult.
During the life of many manufactured products, such as bridges, aircraft, automobiles, and ships, coatings must be removed and replaced for a variety of reasons. For example, refurbishment of the paint on aircraft is a regular maintenance item. Commercial airlines typically repaint their aircraft about every four to five years of service. Coatings on the exterior surfaces of large ships or bridges require periodic refurbishment in order to prevent or inhibit corrosion.
The removal of paint from the surfaces of aircraft presents special problems. Such surfaces are large, irregularly shaped, and relatively delicate. Because the surfaces of aircraft are typically relatively soft aluminum, aluminum alloys, or organic-based composite materials, such surfaces and the underlying substrates are particularly susceptible to damage while undergoing paint removal which could degrade their structural integrity.
Many different methods have been used to remove painted coatings. One method, the "particle medium blast" (PMB) method involves impinging the surface to be stripped with particles such as BB's, plastic media, steel shot, wheat starch, sand, even liquids such as water and frozen particles such as frozen CO.sub.2 particles. However, PMB methods sufficiently energetic to remove hardened coatings, such as paint, by themselves may damage delicate surfaces such as found on aircraft and automobiles if they are not carefully managed. For example, if the impinging particles dwell too long at one location, the impinged surface may become pitted or stress hardened. This is especially important with regard to the surfaces of aircraft since pitting or stress hardening may change the mechanical properties of the surface material. High-energy PMB methods may also deform the surface of the substrate sufficiently to mask fatigue cracks and other anomalies which, if undetected and uncorrected, could lead to catastrophic failure of the substrate. PMB may also damage putty joints often found on aircraft between surface plates. Moreover, these processes generate a large amount of particulate waste requiring costly disposal. This waste is contaminated by toxic constituents of the coating, increasing the difficulty and expense of its disposal.
Another method involves the application of chemical agents to painted surfaces in order to chemically break down the layers of paint, thereby stripping the paint away from the surface to be exposed. However, such agents may pose a risk to human health, are usually toxic, and are often not biodegradable. Overall, these types of agents are difficult and costly to dispose of because they present serious environmental problems. Government regulations are increasingly restrictive of the use of such agents.
Still other methods involve the mechanical removal of the coating from the substrate. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,836,858, entitled "Ultrasonic Assisted Paint Removal Method" discloses a hand-held tool which uses an ultrasonic reciprocating edge placed in contact with the surface to be stripped. Use of such tools is labor intensive and requires skilled operators. Further, control of this tool is a problem when applied to aircraft because the aircraft surface may be damaged if there is excessive tool dwell at one location.
Still other methods involve the application of radiant energy to the coating. One such system uses a flashlamp pumped laser and video frame grabber in a video controlled paint removal system in which paint is stripped from a surface using the output of the laser to ablate the paint while a video camera converts images of the surface being stripped into electronic data signals. The data signals are used to control the laser output. A processor compares the data signals with parameters stored in a memory to determine whether sufficient paint has been removed from the surface being stripped. If an insufficient amount of paint has been removed, then the laser continues to irradiate the surface. If the surface has been adequately stripped, the processor directs the laser to ablate another area. A significant problem with the video controlled paint removal system is that the amount of data which is generated and which must be processed is enormous, making real time control extremely difficult.
Furthermore, a laser powerful enough to vaporize paint requires high power due, in part, to laser pumping inefficiencies. Employment of such a powerful laser requires a large capital investment in order to provide space to operate the laser, as well as laser stops to prevent the laser beam from inadvertently escaping the work area and even the building where it is being used. Such a laser poses a serious danger to humans, who must be kept out of the area where the laser operates. Another problem with the use of lasers is the occurrence of localized "hot spots" which can damage or destroy the substrate.
Pulsed light, for example from flashlamps, has also been used to ablate coatings from their substrates. A problem with ablating solely with radiant energy is the risk of heat damage to the substrate. Moreover, ablation can result in flame and smoke which can reduce the efficiency of or damage the equipment and which may pose a hazard for personnel. Further, these processes typically leave a non-water soluble carbonized residue that must be removed in a labor-intensive process.
The use of composite structures manufactured, for example, of carbon epoxy or other reinforced plastic materials is becoming increasingly common. Many aircraft and automobiles extensively employ reinforced composite materials, including carbon epoxy materials, for surface structures. Such structures are painted for a variety of reasons including aesthetics, identification, and camouflage. However, such painted surfaces deteriorate under the action of weather and the mechanical forces to which they are subjected, thus requiring removal and replacement.
Other than hand sanding, there have been no suitable methods for removing paint from non-metallic composite surfaces. PMB and mechanical grinding methods sufficiently energetic to remove paint by themselves have proven to damage composite materials. The removal of paint with chemical agents does not offer a satisfactory solution because such chemicals tend to attack the organic binder in the composites, as well as the paint. Some composites are sensitive to high temperatures, such that high temperature methods of removing coatings are not satisfactory.
For a variety of reasons, paint removal techniques for removing paint from large surfaces, and surfaces having topological anomalies such as rivets, have not proven wholly satisfactory. Thus, it can be appreciated that coating removal, and particularly, the removal of paint from large and often delicate surfaces such as found on aircraft and automobiles, is a problem that has not heretofore been satisfactorily solved.

Method and system for removing a coating from a substrate using radiant energy and a particle stream


An inspection method for an illumination optical system of an exposure tool includes coating a surface of an exposure target substrate with a resist film; placing a plurality of imaging components deviating from an optical conjugate plane of a surface of the resist film; generating a plurality of inspection patterns of the resist film having a plurality of openings, by projecting exposure beams output from a plurality of effective light sources onto the resist film via the imaging components; measuring one of the inspection patterns as a reference image, and processing the reference image so as to provide reference image data; and determining an abnormal inspection image by measuring inspection images of the inspection patterns and comparing a plurality of inspection image data provided by processing the inspection images with the reference image data.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to photolithography, more specifically, to an inspection method for an illumination optical system of an exposure tool.
2. Description of the Related Art
Accompanying progress of semiconductor manufacturing technology, more specifically, miniaturization of a semiconductor device and enhancement of integration density, the performance specification required for an exposure tool, which transfers a fine pattern onto a semiconductor substrate, has critical. Since a variation in dimensions of a pattern which configures a semiconductor device, affects the operating speed of the semiconductor device, an exposure process is required to transfer a uniform resist pattern with high precision in a one-shot exposure region.
In the exposure process of photolithography, a photomask on which a mask pattern including a transparent portion, an opaque portion, and a translucent portion is delineated, is uniformly illuminated by illumination beams from an illumination optical system so as to project a mask pattern image onto a one-shot exposure region on a semiconductor substrate using a projection optical system. Since a resist film is coated on the surface of the semiconductor substrate, a resist pattern is formed on the semiconductor substrate by a development process after exposure.
The illumination optical system of the exposure tool includes a fly's eye lens and a condenser lens. The fly's eye lens receives illumination beams from a light source, and forms effective light sources on an output side of the fly's eye lens. The condenser lens gathers the emerged beams from the output side of the fly's eye lens, and uniformly illuminates a region on which the mask pattern of the photomask is delineated.
Due to various characteristics of the illumination optical system of the exposure tool, pattern dimensions that need to be of the same dimension may vary in the one-shot exposure region. A reason for a variation in the pattern dimensions, for example, may be uneven illumination, where intensity of the illumination beams illuminating the photomask (hereinafter, referred to as an "exposure dose"), varies from place to place. When a pattern dimension almost substantially equal to or less than the wavelength of the illumination beam, an exposure with an exposure dose different from an optimum exposure dose causes a variation of a transferred resist pattern dimension. Since the finer the pattern dimension, the smaller the allowable exposure dose range (exposure latitude) for formation of a resist pattern with a desired dimension, the uneven illumination must be strictly controlled. The uneven illumination is caused by a local defect, such as dust or a scratch on a surface of a lens included in the illumination optical system.
Another factor that causes a variation in resist pattern dimensions in a one-shot exposure region is a variation in the shape of an effective light source, in particular, a variation in a size thereof (,, value). Since the ,, value is one of the factors that determine an imaging characteristic of a lens, the variation in the ,, value represents changes in resolution and exposure latitude. In addition, in recent years, a modified illumination such as annular illumination is actively utilized for improving resolution. In this case, in addition to the ,, value, the variation of an annular shield factor in the one-shot exposure region causes a variation of the resist pattern dimension. For example, the ,, value varies due to an aberration of the condenser lens located between the effective light source and the photomask, and the variation of the resist pattern dimension occurs (Proceedings of SPIE, March, 1999, Vol. 3679, p. 87-98).
An inspection method for an exposure tool has been disclosed, in which an illumination distribution is measured on an aperture stop of the projection optical system or on a conjugate position of the aperture stop (Japanese Patent Laid Open No. 2928277).
The variation of the resist pattern dimension in the one-shot exposure region may result from various factors such as not only a local defect of the illumination optical system, but also an aberration and flare of the projection optical system, a dimensional error of the mask pattern on the photomask, a variation of a coated thickness of the resist film, nonuniformity of development, or the like. Accordingly, whether or not the illumination optical system of the exposure tool causes the variation of the resist pattern dimension may not be determined only by inspecting the transferred resist pattern for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
In the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid Open No. 2928277, it is necessary to install an illumination distribution detection unit in an appropriate position in the exposure tool. Thus, the configuration of the exposure tool maybe more complex. In addition, an exposure tool which does not have an illumination distribution detection unit cannot perform inspection.

Inspection method, processor and method for manufacturing a semiconductor device


In one aspect of the invention, a downhole drill string component has a shaft being axially fixed at a first location to an inner surface of an opening in a tubular body. A mechanism is axially fixed to the inner surface of the opening at a second location and is in mechanical communication with the shaft. The mechanism is adapted to elastically change a length of the shaft and is in communication with a power source. When the mechanism is energized, the length is elastically changed.

The current invention relates to the field of downhole drilling, including horizontal drilling, oil and gas drilling, geothermal drilling, dry hot rock drilling, mining, and exploratory drilling. In downhole drilling applications, several different methods and bits for impacting or drilling into rock formations have typically been used. Among these methods are rotary or shear drill bits, percussion bits, and roller cone bits. There are also drill bits which use both shearing and percussive forces for drilling. Some inventions of the prior art also have methods for centering a drill bit or for reducing bit whirl while drilling.
U.S Pub. No. 2002/0166700 by Gillis et al., which is herein incorporated by reference for all that it contains, discloses an apparatus for introducing a consistent series of small and localized rotary impacts to a PDC bit during drilling to improve PDC drill bit performance. Rotary impact supplements the nominal torque supplied by the rotary drive thereby avoiding lockup and potentially damaging energy storage in the drill string following windup, should the bit slow or hang up when drilling in difficult formations. The apparatus comprises a rotary hammer which is rotated about a bit shaft's anvil, preferably by a drilling fluid driven turbine. As the hammer rotates, potential energy is built up. When the hammer and anvil connect, the energy is released into the bit shaft and thus into the bit, increases its instantaneous torque and allows it to more effectively cut through difficult formations.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,948,560 by Marsh, which is herein incorporated by reference for all that it contains, discloses a jar for use in a downhole toolstring comprising: a hollow housing; a jar mandrel; a latch sub; one or more latch keys; a cam surface; a chamber; a compression spring; and an adjuster.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,877,569 by Koskimaki, which is herein incorporated by reference for all that it contains, discloses a method for controlling the operating cycle of an impact device, and an impact device. Percussion piston position is measured using a sensor from which the measurement data is transmitted to a control unit of the impact device, which in turn controls an electrically driven control valve.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,745,836 by Taylor, which is herein incorporated by reference for all that it contains, discloses a self-contained radial drive unit that is driven by a linear input, which can be supplied from various source. As linear motion is applied to the input of the tool, drive pins on a drive shaft follow a helical path, converting the linear motion into radial motion at the attached mandrel end.


The present invention provides a recovery device of a blasting medium for recovering a blasting medium after use, which has been injected to a work and has fallen therefrom, into a solid-gas separating tank by suctioning with a suction blower, wherein the solid-gas separating tank comprising: a sucking unit of the blasting medium; a vertically rising pipe provided in a vertical direction and adapted to connect the sucking unit and a tank body; a cushioning member disposed opposedly to an upper exit of the vertically rising pipe; a sieve into which the blasting medium that has collided against the cushioning member reducing its velocity falls, and which vibrates to classify a reusable blasting medium and a non-reusable blasting medium; an outlet portion for the reusable blasting medium classified by the sieve and an outlet portion for the non-reusable blasting medium; and an airflow path provided downstream of the sieve in an air current direction, and connected to the suction blower.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a recovery device of a blasting medium and a method therefor, and particularly to a recovery device of a blasting medium of a sponge fragment of which porous elastic body contains an abrasive adhering thereto, and a method therefor.
2. Description of the Related Art
When recoating a coated wall surface, blasting operation is conducted as preparatory work to grind the coat layer off the wall thereby roughening the coating surface for substrate conditioning.
Such blasting operation has been conducted by a sand blasting method such as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-109029. A sand blasting method is a method for injecting sand (blasting material) from a nozzle with a high speed air causing it to collide against the coating surface to grind the coat layer off the coating surface with the impact force thereby roughening the surface.
The sand blasting method, however, had a problem in that since the blasting material is rebounded with strong force, there occurs scattering of dust particles. Further, there was a drawback that the operator who handles the nozzle must be heavily equipped for protecting himself or herself from the blasting material rebounded with strong force thus suffering poor workability. Furthermore, since the operator has a very poor visual field due to the scattered dust particles, it was difficult to perform the operation at a uniform quality.
To solve such problems, there is a known method, so called a sponge blasting method, which utilizes a blasting medium of a sponge fragment of which porous elastic body contains an abrasive adhering thereto.
According to this sponge blasting method, when the sponge blasting media, which has been injected from a nozzle with a high speed air, collides against the coating surface, the blasting media becomes flattened causing the mixed abrasive to collide directly against the coating surface at a high speed. This allows, as with the sand blasting method, the coat layer to be ground and removed. Further, since dust particles, which would otherwise float in the air, will be taken into the sponge fragment and fall as they are, the method offers an advantage of decreasing the scattering of dust particles. Furthermore, there is another advantage that since the sponge fragment absorbs repulsive force, the bouncing off is significantly reduced thereby circumventing the need of heavy equipment for the operator who handles the nozzle.
Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-222475 discloses a classification method of copper slag used as the sand blasting material, to obtain the slag having a particle size of around 1500 to 3500 micrometers, which is useful as the sand blasting material, by sieving with a jumping screen.

Recovery device of blasting medium and method therefor


A liquid cargo storage tank and a ship including the same are provided. The liquid cargo storage tank according to the present invention comprises: a body installed in a hull of a ship and having a liquid cargo receiving space by forming a space between the body and the hull; and a reinforcing plate installed in the lower part of the body in a state of being spaced apart from the underside of the body to be a floor of the liquid cargo receiving space.

A liquefied gas carrier is used to carry liquefied gases such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to consumption sites.
A liquefied gas carrier can be divided into an independent tank type and a membrane type depending on storage tank types. The independent tank type does not form an integral structure including a hull and a storage tank together, but has an independent storage tank which is supported by a supporting member of a hull. The independent tank type is divided into Type A, B, C according to a number of barriers to prevent leakage of liquefied gas and pressure. Type A includes aluminum double barrier tank (ADBT) provided by the AKER having both the first and the second barriers. Type B includes self-supporting, prismatic-shape IMO type B which is prismatic type provided by the IHI and a moss type with is spherical shape of the tank having the first barrier and a drip tray to prepare leaking of the first barrier. Type C includes the first barrier as a pressure container. On the other hand, the membrane type tank forms an integral structure including a hull and a storage tank together and is divided into a GTT Mark-III type and a GTT NO 96 type.
Particularly, the independent type tank can be installed to a ship after manufactured separately from the ship, have relatively better structural stability compared to the membrane type tank, and be facilitated to repair and maintain it since the insulation system is exposed to the outside of the tank.
On the other hand, when liquid cargo is transported with various storage tanks, events of leakages of liquid cargo to the outside of the storage tank can be caused due to a variety of reasons such as damages or cracks of the storage tank.
Since when such leakages are caused, it brings large economic losses. Therefore, a great deal of development research is currently under way on fundamentally preventing leakages or re-collecting the leaked liquid, etc.
The most general and widely used technology is installing drip trays at the lower part of the storage tank, and is described for example in KR Publication no 10-2010-0106741.
In this case, there is burden to install a large number of drip trays according to the storage tank structures and sometimes re-install when the position is not accurate. In case of much leakages, more drip trays should be installed, resulting in high cost.
Therefore, there is demand for overcoming such drawbacks described above.

Storage tank for liquified materials and ship comprising same


The present application discloses a method for driving a display panel for displaying images. The method includes determining multiple subpixels in a bright area of an image to be displayed by the display panel. The bright area is an image display area having a luminance value maintained greater than a threshold luminance value for a duration longer than a threshold duration. Additionally, the method includes driving the multiple subpixels to emit light alternatingly in a period of alternate light-emission for displaying the image. Furthermore, the method includes driving all adjacent subpixels surrounding any one subpixel that is not emitting light during the period of alternate light-emission to provide luminance rendering to the one subpixel such that the luminance value of the bright area is greater than the threshold luminance value.

Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED) display is a typical OLED display apparatus having many advantages in ultra-thin panel thickness, ultra-high contrast ratio, ultra-wide range color gamut, ultra-fast response rate, ultra-wide viewing angle, and ultra-large curvature deflection and has been widely applied in the field. AMOLED display includes a display panel. The display panel includes a base substrate and gate lines, data lines, and arrays of subpixels arranged on the base substrate. Each subpixel includes thin-film transistors (TFT), an anode, an organic light-emitting cell, a cathode, a connection between the gate of TFT to the gate line, a connection between the source of TFT to the data line, a connection between the drain of ET to the cathode. The display panel is operated to use a control signal to turn TFT on through the gate line and apply voltage signals sequentially through the source, the drain and the anode to the organic light-emitting cell to drive light-emission thereof for image display per subpixel. In other words, the subpixel is displaying a subpixel image by converting an electrical signal to an optical signal. By increasing the electrical signal applied to one subpixel, a luminance value of the subpixel can be raised to enhance image contrast ratio of the subpixel image relative to neighboring subpixel images.
Yet, maintaining a high luminance value of a subpixel for a long time will result in degradation of electro-optical conversion efficiency of the subpixel. If so, when a displayed image changes from one frame to another, the subpixel may fail to effectively convert the electrical signal to corresponding optical signal causing a decrease of luminance value of the subpixel and the display panel to display a residual image distorted from an original one.

Method for driving a display panel to display image, display apparatus thereof, and driver enabled to perform the method


An optical dimming device is provided. The optical dimming device includes a photochromic element including a photochromic composition. The photochromic composition includes a combination of a first photochromic material and a second photochromic material having different steady-state absorption profiles. In a direction from a first portion to a second portion of the photochromic element, a concentration of the first photochromic material in the combination decreases and a concentration of the second photochromic material in the combination increases.

Photochromic materials absorb one or more of an ultraviolet ("UV") light, a blue light, and a violet light, and change from a clear state to a dark state. Photochromic materials in the dark state may revert back to the clear state in the absence of UV light, the blue light, and/or the violet light. The process of reverting back to the clear state may be expedited when the photochromic materials are subject to heat or an electromagnetic radiation. Photochromic materials have various applications in a number of fields, such as sunglasses, graphics, ophthalmic lenses, solar control window films, security and authenticity labels, etc. For example, photochromic lenses, sometimes referred to as transition lenses, can be used as eyeglass lenses that become dark in sunlight when exposed to an activating light of a sufficiently high frequency, such as a UV irradiation, and become clear again when moved away from the activating light (e.g., when moved indoor). The transition between the dark state and the clear state is a result of chemical responses of the photochromic materials to the presence (and absence) of the UV light.

Gradient photochromic dimming device and optical assembly including the same


Methods, systems, and devices are described for multi-carrier communications involving one or more TDD component carriers and one or more FDD component carriers in a wireless communications network. Some described embodiments are directed to systems and methods for multi-carrier communications for a half-duplex device. The described methods, systems, and devices may simplify multi-carrier communications, such as the determination of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) and/or scheduling timing with FDD+TDD carrier aggregation.

Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and the like. These wireless networks may be multiple-access networks capable of supporting multiple users by sharing the available network resources.
A wireless communication network may include a number of base stations that can support communication for a number of mobile devices. In some technologies, mobile devices may be called access terminals, user equipments (UEs), mobile stations, and the like. A mobile device may communicate with a base station via downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmissions. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from the base station to the mobile device, and the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the mobile device to the base station.
Multiple access technologies may use Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) or Time Division Duplexing (TDD) to provide uplink and downlink communications over one or more carriers. TDD operation offers flexible deployments without requiring paired spectrum resources. TDD formats include transmission of frames of data, each including a number of different subframes in which different subframes may be uplink or downlink subframes. In systems that operate using TDD, different formats may be used in which uplink and downlink communications may be asymmetric. Flexible TDD DL/UL configuration provides efficient ways to use unpaired spectrum resources and TDD configuration may be adaptive based on traffic conditions (e.g., UL/DL loading at the base station and/or UE).
The wireless communication networks including the base stations and UEs may support operation on multiple carriers which may be called carrier aggregation. Carrier aggregation may be used to increase throughput between a base station supporting multiple component carriers and a UE, and UEs may be configured to communicate using multiple component carriers associated with multiple base stations. In some instances, carrier aggregation involving both FDD and TDD frame structures may be supported.


In a semiconductor memory device, a self refresh cycle program circuit is provided and a refresh operation is conducted in accordance with one of the refresh cycles programmed in the refresh-cycle program circuit. The refresh cycle of the self-refresh mode is selected from a plurality of refresh-cycle types. A plurality of refresh modes allows a refresh cycle to be selected from a plurality of refresh-cycle types in accordance with a selected refresh mode.

Personal computers and work stations have as a main memory unit for storing data a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), onto which data can be recorded and retrieved.
The DRAM comprises a plurality of memory cells, each storing 1 bit of data. Each memory cell further comprises a MOS transistor and a capacitor. Data is stored in a memory cell as a potential appearing at the electrode of the capacitor. Data is stored in a memory cell by providing an H (high) or L (low) level to one of the electrodes of the capacitor through the MOS transistor. By putting the MOS transistor in a non-conductive state, the potential provided to the capacitor is held, and data is allowed to be stored therein. Since the memory cell of a DRAM has few elements, a DRAM with a large capacity can be produced at a relatively low cost.
Although the MOS transistor of the memory cell is put in a non-conductive state in order to sustain a potential in the capacitor, the potential held in the capacitor changes due to a sub-threshold leak current of the MOS transistor, inevitably data stored in the memory cell is lost. For this reason, periodical refresh operations are executed in the DRAM in order to maintain stored data. In this refresh operation, a potential, the polarity of which depends upon data stored in the memory cell, is again provided to the capacitor.
The 16Mbit DRAMs which are mass-produced at the present time have a refresh mode for implementing CBR (column address strobe before row address strobe, or CAS before RAS, or CBR) refresh operations. In this mode, a DRAM is provided with CBR timing with which, after a column-address strobe signal CAS has been lowered to the L level, a row-address strobe signal RAS is lowered. With CBR timing, a refresh address is generated in the DRAM and a refresh operation is carried out at the refresh address. The 16Mbit DRAM has two kinds of refresh cycles: 2K and 4K refresh cycles. Before the chip is put in a package in an assembly operation, a refresh-cycle type is set for the DRAM. That is, a DRAM chip is put in a package and shipped with a refresh-cycle type pre-selected. Thus, an operation to complete refreshing all memory cells in the DRAM with CBR timing applied to the DRAM 2K (2,048) times or 4K (4,096) times is pre-selected.
In Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Sho 59-167898, a DRAM having a mode called self refresh is disclosed. In the self-refresh mode, a refresh operation is automatically carried out when an external /RFSH clock signal provided to the chip is sustained at the L level for a duration of 15 to 16 seconds.
In the conventional DRAM described above, a refresh cycle of the self-refresh mode can not be selected from a plurality of refresh-cycle types. That is, DRAMs having different self-refresh cycles must be fabricated through distinct manufacturing lines with distinct masks, giving rise to a problem that the manufacturing cost is high.

Semiconductor memory device having a refresh-cycle program circuit


The present invention provides an oligofluorenylene compound represented by the general formula below, which enables production of an organic light-emitting device that exhibits an extremely pure luminescent hue and has a light emission of high efficiency, high brightness, and long lifetime.

Organic light-emitting devices are devices that utilize light emitted when excitons of fluorescent organic compounds return to the ground state, the excitons being generated by sandwiching between an anode and a cathode a thin film that contains a fluorescent compound and injecting electrons and holes (positive holes) from the respective electrodes.
A study by Eastman Kodak Company in 1987 (Non-patent reference 1) has reported that a light emission of about 1000 cd/m2 was observed under an applied voltage of about 10 V. In the study, the device had a separated-function type bilayer structure and used ITO as the anode, magnesium-silver alloy as the cathode, an aluminum quinolinol complex as an electron-carrying material and light-emitting material, and a triphenylamine derivative as a hole-carrying material. Related patent documents include the patent references 1 to 3.
Moreover, various light emissions from ultraviolet to infrared can be accomplished by using various different fluorescent organic compounds. Recently, active studies have been conducted on various compounds. Such studies are disclosed, for example, in the Patent references 4 to 11.
In addition to the organic light-emitting devices using small molecular materials as described above, organic light-emitting devices using conjugated polymers have been reported by a group of Cambridge University (non-patent reference 2). This report has disclosed that a film of polyphenylenevinylene (PPV) was formed by a coating method and it was confirmed that a single layer of the film emitted light. Related patent documents on organic light-emitting devices using conjugated polymers include the patent references 12 to 16.
As described above, a remarkable progress has been made in the field of organic light-emitting devices. The characteristic feature of such progress is that it enables production of light-emitting devices that exhibit high brightness even with a low application voltage, diversity in terms of emission wavelengths, and rapid response, with a thin and lightweight construction, which suggests a wide range of possible applications of the devices.
There are, however, still many problems with regard to durability, such as change with time due to prolonged use and deterioration due to moisture and the atmospheric gas containing oxygen. Moreover, for applications to a full-color display etc., light emissions exhibiting higher brightness or higher conversion efficiency, as well as blue, green, and red light emissions with higher color purities, are necessary with the current state of the art. For example, the patent reference 17 discloses diamine compounds as high emission efficiency materials, but blue-light emission showing high color purity (chromaticity coordinates: (x, y)=(0.14-0.15, 0.09-0.12)) has not been obtained yet.    (Patent Reference 1)    U.S. Pat. No. 4,539,507    (Patent Reference 2)    U.S. Pat. No. 4,720,432    (Patent Reference 3)    U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,211    (Patent Reference 4)    U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,629    (Patent Reference 5)    U.S. Pat. No. 5,409,783    (Patent Reference 6)    U.S. Pat. No. 5,382,477    (Patent Reference 7)    Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-247278    (Patent Reference 8)    Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-255190    (Patent Reference 9)    Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-202356    (Patent Reference 10)    Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-202878    (Patent Reference 11)    Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-227576    (Patent Reference 12)    U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,190    (Patent Reference 13)    U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,878    (Patent Reference 14)    U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,678    (Patent Reference 15)    Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-145192    (Patent Reference 16)    Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-247460    (Patent Reference 17)    Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-52868    (Non-Patent Reference 1)    Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 913 (1987)    (Non-Patent Reference 2)    Nature, 347, 539 (1990)


A combination of a tape cassette and a tape drive motor wherein a shaft is connected to a tape reel. A tape reel support is mounted to the housing of the cassette and a tape reel shaft extends through the support. Bearings are carried by the support for rotatably supporting the tape reel shaft and thereby the tape reel on the cassette housing. The motor has a rotor rotatable about an axis with the rotor being loosely mounted in the motor when a cassette is not in the tape drive. In one embodiment of the invention, the rotor carries a magnet which in combination with magnetically attractive material carried by the shaft, operates to connect the rotor to the shaft to effect a driving relationship between the rotor and shaft when the cassette is in the tape drive. The bearings on the cassette for the tape reel shaft served as the sole bearings for the rotor for rotational support when the rotor rotates and drives the shaft and thereby the tape reel. In another embodiment of the invention, one axial end of the rotor is connected to the tape reel shaft and the opposite axial end has a pointed end which engages pivot bearings to render stability to the rotor against possible rotor whip when the rotor is rotating. In this embodiment, the rotor is primarily supported for rotation by the bearings on the cassette and is secondarily supported by the pivot bearings on the motor housing.

In a normal tape cassette, tape drive combination, a motor is connected to each tape reel carried by the cassette to drive the reels. In high speed tape cassettes, a high speed tape search can occur at 500 ips (inches per second) to 1000 ips with acceleration and deceleration rates of 1000 ips to 2000 ips. These kinds of search speeds, acceleration, deceleration rates and sudden reverse and forward movements cause tremendous wear and tear on the motor bearings causing eventual failure of the bearings necessitating replacement of the motor or rebuilding the motor about every 10 million passes over a tape guide. This becomes a very expensive proposition. Also, due to the wear and tear, the reliability of the drive increasingly decreases as the number of cycles increase. Reliability of the drive is very important at the above speeds of search, acceleration and deceleration.
A solution to this problem is to make the motor bearings a consumable item by rotatably mounting the tape reels by bearings onto the tape cassette and utilize those bearings as either the sole or primary bearings for the rotor of a motor when the motor is connected to the tape reel to drive the reel. This way, the reliability of the tape drive is increased. The cassette is designed to last in excess of 300,000 passes over a tape guide. Therefore, each time a cassette is disposed of and replaced by a new cassette, the drive system will have new bearings. In the long run, the cost of the cumulative consumable cassette bearings compared to the equivalent life of a motor bearing will be less than replacing the motor.

Tape cassette and drive motor with rotor rotatably supported by cassette reel


A packet retransmission method for use in a communication system transmitting a signal via at least two antennas is disclosed. The packet retransmission method includes the steps of: a) receiving a signal corresponding to a specific packet, and independently transmitting a signal via the at least two antennas corresponding to the received signal; b) receiving a NACK signal associated with the packet; and c) independently applying an STTD to a real part and an imaginary part of each signal transmitted at step (a), and transmitting the STTD-resultant signal. Therefore, the method separates a real part and an imaginary part from each other, obtains a STTD gain, and can efficiently transmit a packet.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) system. The MIMO system shown in FIG. 1 performs signal transmission/reception using a plurality of antennas, such that it can transmit desired data at high speed. Provided that the number of antennas of a base station is set to "M", the number of terminal antennas is set to "N", and the number "M" is higher than the number "N", capacity of a downlink MIMO channel is proportional to the number "N", the base station simultaneously transmits N data streams, resulting in the implementation of high-speed data transmission.
In the meantime, an automatic repeat request (ARQ) method controls a reception end to determine the presence or absence of erroneous transmission packets, transmits the determined result to a transmission end, and retransmits the erroneous packet when the presence of the erroneous transmission packets is determined. If the presence or absence of the erroneous packets is fed back to the reception end, the ARQ method transmits an acknowledgement (ACK) signal to the reception end when the absence of the erroneous packets is determined, and transmits a negative acknowledgement (NACK) signal to the reception end when the presence of the erroneous packets is determined.
A Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) method is implemented by applying a channel coding method to the ARQ method. In more detail, although an unexpected erroneous packet is detected from among received packets, the HARQ method does not discard the erroneous packet, it combines the erroneous packets with retransmitted packets, and decodes the combined result, such that it increases a diversity gain and a coding gain. In the meantime, the ARQ method transmits ACK/NACK signals using a high-layer signaling process, resulting in the occurrence of an increased delay. The HARQ transmits the ACK/NACK signals using a physical-layer signaling process, resulting in a reduced delay. When packets are transmitted via a plurality of antennas according to the above-mentioned HARQ method, the above-mentioned HARQ scheme has difficulty in determining how to apply the space-time coding method to retransmission packets.

Retransmission method for multiple antenna system


A lower pressure plate (43) is disposed upon a paper currency pressing part (34) of a paper currency intake part (5) below an upper pressure plate (41) with a spring (44) interposed therebetween, and the paper currency pressing part (34) presses the lower pressure plate (43) upon stacked paper currency (BLC). Thus, when the stacked paper currency (BLC) oscillates vertically with the rotation of a picker roller (23), the paper currency pressing part (34) absorbs by the spring (44) an upward force which is applied from the stacked paper currency (BLC). Furthermore, the paper currency pressing part (34) presses the lower pressure plate (43) by a restoring force of the spring (44) with respect to the falling stacked paper currency (BLC). Accordingly, the paper currency pressing part (34) continues to make the lower pressure plate (43) make contact with the uppermost part of the stacked paper currency (BLC), allowing the intake of the paper currency (BL) to continue without misalignment of the paper currency in the stacked paper currency (BLC) to occur.

Conventionally, teller machines used in financial institutions count currency bills according to their denominations and stack the counted currency bills in plural temporary stacking units. Additionally, as an example of such a teller machine, teller machines having a built-in currency bill processing device, which straps every certain number of the currency bills to thereby process the currency bills, are widely used.
As a currency bill processing device, for example, a currency bill processing device has been proposed which, when numerous currency bills are set in a stacked state in a currency bill feeder, separates and feeds the currency bills one at a time and discriminates the denomination and fitness of the currency bills (e.g., see Japanese Patent Application Laid-open (JP-A) No. 2005-212910 (FIG. 2 etc.)). This currency bill processing device stacks the currency bills in temporary stacking units on the basis of the denomination and fitness discrimination results, and when the number of the stacked currency bills reaches a certain number, the device straps the currency bills together with a strap and discharges the strapped currency bills.
Regarding the currency bill feeder in the currency bill processing device, there is, for example, a currency bill feeder where rollers are built into a stage on which the currency bills are placed and where picker portions that are raised from, and whose frictional force is higher than, surrounding portions are disposed on parts of peripheral side surfaces of the rollers. In this currency bill feeder, the currency bills are pressed by a pressing member (a holding plate) from above the stacked currency bills.
Additionally, in this currency bill feeder, the currency bills are stacked on the stage and pressed against the stage by the holding plate, and the rollers are rotated so that the currency bills in the lowermost layer are separated one at a time. Because of this, the currency bill feeder can sequentially feed the currency bills into the currency bill processing device.


A method for preparing substituted triazines includes reacting a phenylazoaniline with a cyanuric halide to produce a (phenylazo) phenylamino-1,3,5-triazine, which is then reduced to form an aminoanilino-1,3,5-triazine. The aminoanilino-1,3,5-triazine can be alkylated under reducing conditions to produce an N-alkyl-phenylenediamino-1,3,5-triazine such as 2,4,5-tris-[N-alkyl-p-phenylenediamino]-1,3,5-triazine, which is useful as an antiozonant in rubber and other polymer formulations.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a process for the preparation of substituted triazines and derivatives thereof.
2. Background of the Related Art
Substituted triazines are commercially important compounds which find many uses in the chemical industry both as end products and intermediates. For example, 2,4,6-tris-[aminoanilino]-triazine is useful for synthesizing textile, leather and paper dyes as well as pigments. U.S. Pat. No. 4,650,867 discloses a method for preparing 2,4,6-tris-(aminophenylamino)-triazine by condensing s-chlorotriazine with a partially protected phenylenediamine and subsequently removing the protective groups.
Other substituted triazine have been found to be useful as antiozonants. It is well known that ozone causes surface cracking of conventional highly unsaturated rubber vulcanizates when the rubber is placed under strain in an ozone environment. The most severe deterioration occurs when a small number of cracks are formed which grow rapidly into deep, disruptive fissures. These ozone cracks seriously shorten the serviceable life of the article.
Chemical antiozonants have been developed which retard the formation of the ozone cracks occurring under static and dynamic conditions. Examples of antiozonants in common use include: N-phenyl-N'-(1-,3-dimethyl butyl)-p-phenylenediamine; N-phenyl-N'-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine; N-phenyl-N'-(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine; N-phenyl-N'-(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine; N-phenyl-N'-cyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine; mixed diaryl-p-phenylenediamines; N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine; N,N'-di-beta-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine; N,N'-bis-(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine; N,N'-bis-(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine; N,N'-bis-(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine; N-phenyl-N'-p-toluenesulfonyl-p-phenylenediamine, and blends of these materials.
The use of these well known paraphenylenediamine materials has improved ozone protection under both static and dynamic conditions, however, even the best of the class just described have a very strong tendency to both stain and discolor. The term "stain" or "staining" is herein used to describe the characteristic of a material to diffuse through a polymeric substrate and discolor the adjacent surface. This diffusion staining is highly objectionable in most light colored rubber articles. In tires, which is the largest application in which the ozone protection is required, the tendency to diffusion staining of the aforementioned paraphenylenediamine materials is objectionable particularly in white sidewall type tires. Even in non-white sidewall type tires, the tendency of the materials to diffuse to the surface of the tire sidewall can be objectionable in that a brown, dull surface is created on the tire sidewall. This is aesthetically objectionable in that it detracts from the general jet black, smooth appearance of a new tire. It is obvious that in a white sidewall tire, the migration of the brown discoloring material to the surface of the white sidewall is highly objectionable and generally difficult to remove during cleaning of the tire surface.
Waxes have been long utilized to inhibit ozone cracking in articles under stress in static condition by incorporating the wax into the rubber compound prior to vulcanization. The wax functions by migrating to the surface of the rubber article to form a film which acts as a physical barrier to the ozone attack. However, during dynamic flexing in service, the wax film is cracked or disrupted and the tendency is for the article to exhibit fewer and more severe ozone cracks than if no wax had been incorporated. Therefore, for many service conditions, the use of wax is impractical due to the dynamic conditions under which the article is expected to perform.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,120,844, 5,047,530, 4,972,010 and 4,794,135 disclose substituted 1,3,5-triazine compounds having at least one N-alkyl-p-phenylenediamino group on the triazine ring, which are useful as non-staining, long term antiozonants for unsaturated polymers. These compounds can be prepared by reacting N-alkyl phenylenediamine with a cyanuric halide. However, what is needed is a more economical and effective method of preparation.

Method for preparing substituted triazines


A method of remanufacturing a toner cartridge includes obtaining a toner cartridge including a drive transmitting gear supported for rotation by an axle oriented substantially perpendicularly relative to a side surface of the cartridge. The drive transmitting gear includes an overhanging flange portion that faces and is spaced from the side surface of the cartridge to define an open space between the side surface and the overhanging flange portion. A supplemental support member may be positioned into the open space. The supplemental support member is configured to limit movement of the overhanging flange portion toward the side surface.

The present disclosure relates to consumable cartridges used in image forming apparatuses, and more specifically to a remanufactured cartridge that has been modified during remanufacturing to improve engagement between gears that drive various components of the cartridge.
Imaging cartridges, and particularly toner cartridges, are frequently provided with a variety of gears that cooperate to drive various components of the cartridge at a desired speed. Although cartridges vary, examples of components that may be driven by cartridge gears include the developer roller, the adder roller, and toner agitator, among others. In many cases the gears are provided on one side of the cartridge and one or more of the gears may be provided with a drive receiving feature that is configured for engagement with a drive-providing feature on the printer with which the cartridge is configured to operate. When the cartridge is installed the drive-providing feature on the printer is engaged with the drive-receiving feature on the cartridge such that the printer can provide rotatable driving force to the cartridge gears and components.
During the remanufacturing process, toner cartridge remanufacturers may replace certain components of the original cartridge with new components. Examples of used components that might be replaced include seals, felts, and in some cases rollers. In some instances, replacement of these components may lead to an increase in magnitude of the torque required to rotate the gear assembly of the cartridge, stated another way, it may be more difficult to rotate the cartridge components after the remanufacturing process has been completed.

Gear support for remanufactured printer cartridge


In one aspect, a method for realizing a presence service with a buddy list that can be displayed on a display device of a terminal is provided. In an activated state, the buddy list itself is displayed, and in a deactivated state, the buddy list itself is not visible. The buddy list is updated by a control device during a change in state of at lest one subscriber to be monitored and/or of at least one device assigned to the subscriber. According to the invention, the updating of the buddy list ensues in the deactivated state by means of the control device while using a method other than one used in the activated state.

From the Siemens product document "ISDN im Büro HICOM", special edition of telecom report and Siemens magazine COM, 1985, ISBN 3-8009-3849-9, in particular pages 26 to 31 and 58 to 66, is known a communications system which provides additional functions apart from switching-related functions. Additional functions of this type are generally called features, with a known feature being what is referred to as a "presence service". By virtue of the "presence service" feature a user is shown on a terminal with which he is associated, for example a telephone or personal computer, information about the current state of other users or their terminals. This information is often organized in the form of a list—often called a Buddy List in the literature. The users on the list can usually be freely configured, for example all people working on a project or the employees of a department can be summarized in a list of this type.
To be able to achieve a real-time presence service it is necessary for all changes in the status—for example taking up or replacing a telephone receiver in the case of a telephone terminal—of the monitored user to be identified and change messages to be transmitted to the corresponding terminals to update the lists. This can sometimes lead to high loading of the system. If, for example, a system with 50 users per list, 20,000 devices to be monitored, 10 updates per hour and user and a transmission rate of 1 kbyte per update, is taken as a starting point, then this alone leads to a system load of 22.76 Mbit/s for the change messages.

Method for realizing a presence service and presence system

Siemens Enterprise Communications GmbH & Co. KG


A semiconductor device includes a high breakdown voltage DMOS transistor formed on a first conductivity type semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor device includes: a DMOS second conductivity type well; a DMOS first conductivity body region; a DMOS second conductivity type source region; a DMOS second conductivity type drain region; a LOCOS oxide film formed between the DMOS second conductivity type drain region and the DMOS first conductivity type body region; and a DMOS gate insulating film formed in succession to the LOCOS oxide film to cover a DMOS channel region between the DMOS second conductivity type source region and the DMOS second conductivity type well, wherein the DMOS gate insulating film includes a first insulating film which is disposed outside the DMOS channel region and a second insulating film which is disposed in the DMOS channel region and is thinner than the first insulating film.

There have been conventionally known semiconductor devices including high breakdown voltage DMOS (Double-diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistors. In one example, a LDMOS (Lateral Double-diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor is formed on an n type (n−) semiconductor substrate. The LDMOS transistor includes a p conductivity type (p) base region formed on a front surface of the semiconductor substrate and an n conductivity type (n+) source region formed on a surface of the base region. In addition, an n conductivity type (n) drift region having a concentration higher than that of the semiconductor substrate is formed on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate at the opposite side of the source region with the base region interposed therebetween. An n conductivity type (n+) drain region having a concentration higher than that of the drift region is formed on a surface of the drift region. Further, a gate electrode to cover a portion of the base region via a gate oxide film is formed on the semiconductor substrate. In addition, a LOCOS (Local Oxidation of Silicon) oxide film to cover a portion of the drift region is formed on the semiconductor substrate.
In the LDMOS transistor of the related art, if the thickness of the gate insulating film has a relatively large thickness of 1000 Å to 1500 Å in consideration of a breakdown voltage of the LDMOS transistor, a gate threshold voltage is increased and leads to insufficient performance of the LDMOS transistor. Making the gate oxide film thinner may resolve such drawback. However, since portions other than the base region of the gate oxide film become thinner simultaneously, there may be a problem in that a gate-drain breakdown voltage cannot be maintained. To avoid this problem, widening a formation region of the LOCOS oxide film has been considered to mitigate a gate drain electric field.
However, if the formation region of the LOCOS oxide film is widened to be closer to the base region, a thick portion called a bird's beak of the LOCOS oxide film may contact a channel, which results in poor transistor performance.

Semiconductor device including a high breakdown voltage DMOS and method of manufacturing the same


A system includes a probe assembly, a camera, and a control system. The probe assembly includes a rigid substrate, a compliant layer provided on the rigid substrate, one or more rigid probes can be arranged on the compliant layer to cover at least a portion of the compliant layer, and a reflective layer can cover the one or more rigid probes and uncovered portions of the compliant layer. The camera is configured to generate image data from the probe assembly. The control system is configured to receive image data from the camera and develop a topographical image of a surface of a sample, based at least in part on the received image data.

Scanning probe microscopy involves using a physical probe to raster scan across a surface of a substrate to form an image of surface topography or other properties. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a leading method for obtaining information about surface topography and functional properties at micro- and nanoscales. To detect minute forces between a sharp tip and a substrate, atomic force microscopy conventionally utilizes a microscopic cantilever that deflects under the influence of local forces, giving rise to a motion that can be detected using an optical lever. However, due to the serial nature of probe-based imaging, finer spatial resolution is obtained at the cost of smaller field-of-view. Ongoing efforts to address this challenge include designing probes with higher bandwidth and adopting arrays of probes such as the IBMV Millipede. However, modern imaging arrays feature only about thirty probes, highlighting the difficulty in efficiently parallelizing cantilever-based sensing. Furthermore, some of these efforts to parallelize cantilever-based sensing have been abandoned due to complexity, cost, and delicate nature of probe arrays.
Atomic force microscopy highlights a challenge seen in microscopy, that resolution and throughput often represent a tradeoff where obtaining finer resolution typically requires imaging smaller areas. Imaging smaller areas usually means a slower imaging process. Thus, there is a need for improvements in microscopy that avoid some of the drawbacks associated with conventional solutions.

Cantilever-free scanning probe microscopy


A method for mounting a semiconductor device wherein a semiconductor device on which connection electrodes are formed is connected to a circuit board on which electrodes are formed in positions corresponding to the connection electrodes of the semiconductor device, the method including steps of applying an adhesive on a connection face of the semiconductor device to the circuit board or that of the circuit board to the semiconductor device, aligning the electrodes in positions corresponding to each other with the semiconductor device opposed to the circuit board, partially curing the adhesive in portions other than the electrodes, electrically evaluating the connection of the semiconductor device to the circuit board, and curing the uncured adhesive.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for mounting a semiconductor device wherein the semiconductor device is mounted on a circuit board by means of an adhesive.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Referring to a method for mounting a semiconductor device wherein an electrode of the semiconductor device and that of a circuit board are pressurized and connected in a so-called face-down state where they are opposed to each other and then fixed by means of a light setting adhesive, a heating step is not needed. Consequently, the semiconductor device and circuit board are not thermally damaged. The electrodes are connected to each other with pressure. Accordingly, an electrode material is not limited to a material which can be bonded by metals, i.e., can be soldered. In addition, steps can be carried out simply and quickly.
Conventionally, there has been known a method for mounting a semiconductor device with pressure by means of a light setting adhesive wherein the light setting adhesive is applied on a connection face of the semiconductor device to a circuit board or that of the circuit board to the semiconductor device, the semiconductor device and circuit board are opposed to each other and pressurized so as to electrically conduct electrodes in corresponding positions, and then the light setting adhesive is cured in order to mount the semiconductor device (see Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2-23623).
According to the conventional method, in the case where defects in the semiconductor device or in connection of the semiconductor device to the circuit board are found as a result of an electric test after mounting so that it is required to exchange the semiconductor device, external force is applied between the semiconductor device and the circuit board so as to break a cured matter of the light setting adhesive on the connection face, remove the semiconductor device from the circuit board and then mount another semiconductor device again. In this case, however, the cured matter of the light setting adhesive remains on an electrode of the circuit board. Consequently, the cured matter should be removed completely before mounting another semiconductor device.

Method for mounting a semiconductor device


An apparatus for controlling a mobile device according to the present invention includes: a conversation recognition unit configured to recognize a conversation between users through mobile devices; a user intent verification unit configured to verify an intent of at least one user among the users based on the recognition result; and an additional function control unit configured to execute an additional function corresponding to the verified user's intent in a mobile device of the user. According to the present invention, great contribution may be made to improve communication between users by recognizing the conversation between the users, thereby directly providing information associated with the conversation or providing a service.

Currently, a smart phone includes a function of retrieving and then informing a corresponding telephone number when a user inputs a predetermined name into a smart phone using a voice, or searching for and then providing corresponding information when the user inputs a predetermined word desired to be searched using a voice. As described above, a service using voice recognition in a mobile device has been developed so far generally based on an interface between a user and a device.
For example, Korean Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-0099443 (published on Sep. 10, 2012) entitled "Voice Actions on Computer Device" is disclosed as a prior art document.
However, in many cases, while having a conversation using a smart phone, a user determines an appointment place, asks a contact number of another person, or demands sharing data stored within the smart phone. However, to search the Internet or to search for a registered contact number during a call interrupts the call. It is difficult to memorize and share all of various information stored in the smart phone while talking over the telephone.
A technology of automatically making a meeting record through voice recognition in the case of proceeding with a meeting is known. However, if a person simply transfers an opinion with only words in the proceedings of meeting, there is difficulty in effectively transferring the opinion and the meeting does not smoothly proceed.

Apparatus and method for controlling mobile device by conversation recognition, and apparatus for providing information by conversation recognition during meeting

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE


A semiconductor device in which noise is reduced without an increase in chip area. The device is used as an MRAM in which a memory mat is formed on a silicon substrate surface and the central area of the memory mat is used as a memory array and the area around the memory array is used as a dummy memory array. In the dummy memory array, a capacitor is formed between each bit line, each digit line and a supply voltage line, and a grounding voltage line. Therefore the peak value of a current flowing in each of the bit lines, digit lines and supply voltage line is decreased.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor device which is suitable, for example, for an MRAM (Magnetic Random Access Memory).
In recent years, MRAMs have been attracting attention as semiconductor devices which can store nonvolatile data at low power consumption. An MRAM includes a plurality of memory cells MC disposed in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, a plurality of digit lines DL located in a way to correspond to the rows respectively and a plurality of bit lines BL located in a way to correspond to the columns. In write operation, current Im is supplied to selected digit lines DL to activate the memory cells corresponding to the digit lines DL and write current Iw whose direction depends on the logic level of a data signal is supplied to selected bit lines BL. Consequently the data signal is written in the memory cells MC located at the intersections between the selected digit lines DL and bit lines BL.
In order to reduce noise caused by voltage fluctuations in power wiring and grounding wiring, some MRAMs include a capacitor coupled between power wiring and grounding wiring (for example, see Japanese Unexamined Publication No. 2005-303156 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-3768).

Semiconductor memory device with memory array and dummy memory array


A non-pneumatic tire comprising side cavities that are staggered with respect to laterally opposing side cavities, and laterally extending tread grooves that are in substantial radial alignment with the cavities. In another embodiment, the invention is to a tire comprising side ribs that are staggered with respect to laterally opposing side ribs, and laterally extending tread grooves that are substantially offset relative to the side ribs. Also provided are processes for making such tires and to off-the-road (OTR) vehicles employing such tires.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to tires and more particularly to non-pneumatic tires suitable for off-the-road vehicles.
2. Discussion of the Background Information
Off-the-road (OTR) vehicles, also known as off-highway vehicles, are commonly used in rugged terrain for mining, excavation, construction, military applications, and other heavy industrial applications. OTR vehicles include tractors, trucks, loaders, dozers, graters, excavators, etc., and may have operational weights as high as 380 to 460 tons. Typically such OTR vehicles have several inflatable tires made of rubber. These applications require that each tire have properties such as being puncture-proof, able to carry relatively heavy loads, and good resistance to wear and tear. Conventional inflatable tires generally have short operational life spans of about six months. Further, the typical rugged operating environment for OTR vehicles exposes the tires to possible failures, such as punctures, blowouts, tears, and separation of the tire from the rim. Thus, the time and cost to maintain such OTR vehicles increases because the inflatable tires need to be replaced due to normal wear and tire failure. For mining vehicles, for example, shortages of suitable replacement tires may cause a mine operator to shut down production while waiting for new replacement tires. This may cause particular hardships for remotely located mines that receive sporadic or irregular shipments of new supplies.
While improvements in the durability of such inflatable tires continue to be made, such tires are still exposed to normal wear and failure. Thus, the need exists for tires suitable for OTR vehicles that overcome the shortcomings of conventional inflatable tires.


Value metal, for example, silver in a spent silver bearing photographic solution is efficiently recovered in an exchange mass comprising a particulate inert substrate, for example, cellulosic fibers, synthetic fibers or sponge particles, co-mingled and interlocking with elongate particles of replacement metal, for example, strands of steel wool; the substrate defines a non-channeling random flow paths for liquid flow, and inhibits carriage of recovered value metal by the flowing liquid.

i) Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an exchange mass for recovery of a value metal from solution by reaction with a replacement metal; to a device housing such an exchange mass for such recovery; and to a method of such recovery.
ii) Description of Prior Art
It is desirable to recover value metals, for example, precious metals from otherwise waste or spent solutions containing them; by way of example, reference may be made to the recovery of silver from spent photographic solutions such as fixer solutions.
Silver recovery from used photoprocessing solutions by metallic replacement is carried out by using chemical recovery cartridges or metal replacement cartridges. Silver recovery by metal replacement is based on the fact that different chemical elements have different affinities for electrons. If a metal is in an elemental form and it has lower affinity for electrons, it will react with metals that are in ionic forms that have higher affinity for electrons. Iron has a lower affinity for electrons than silver, so upon contacting with photo processing solutions containing silver ions, iron metal will react with the silver ions. Iron metal becomes iron ions and enters solution while silver ions originally in the solution becomes silver metal. Iron is above silver in the electromotive force series. Some other metals will also work, such as aluminum and zinc. Iron in various forms is the most widely used because it is less expensive and more environmentally friendly.
Thus silver ion (in a complex form) is chemically reduced to silver metal by iron metal, and iron metal is chemically oxidized to iron ions in a metal replacement process.
Suitably the iron is supported in an elongate cartridge such as described by Woog in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,662,613 and 4,325,732.
Different problems are encountered when metal replacement cartridges are used. The biggest problem is low efficiency in terms of iron usage. Theoretically, one gram of iron could recover 3.86 grams of silver (Fe, atomic weight, 55.847; Ag, atomic weight, 107.868; chemical reaction, Fe+2Ag(I)=Fe(II)+2Ag). In reality, most commercial cartridges have an efficiency of recovering 0.1 to 0.5 grams of silver per gram of iron in the cartridge. Part of the iron is consumed by the acid in the fixer. The more acidic the fixer, the lower the efficiency would be. However, the major cause of low efficiency is the so-called channeling phenomenon.
Channeling in a metal replacement cartridge occurs because of two reasons. Steel wool fibres tend to cluster together. Most manufacturing processes are not able to eliminate gaps between steel wool clusters or steel wool layers. Another reason is that silver ions and acids in the fixer react and consume steel wool, thus enlarging the fixer flow paths. Fixer will preferably flow through these gaps and paths so that the silver ions have less chance of reacting with steel wool, leading to high silver concentrations in the cartridge effluent. It is likely that a large portion of the initial steel wool in the MRC still remains when breakthrough point is reached.


An alignment device to align a plate for electronic circuits comprises transport members able to transport the plate along a transport axis, at least from an entrance position to an alignment position defining an alignment plane. The device also comprises mobile members provided with: first movement members able to move the mobile members in a first direction directed along a first axis substantially perpendicular to the alignment plane so as to associate the mobile members with the plate; second movement members able to rotate the plate, associated with the mobile members, around the first axis; and at least third movement members able to move the plate, associated with the mobile members, in a second direction, directed along a second axis substantially transverse to the first axis and substantially co-planar with the transport axis.

Plants for working plates for electronic circuits, for example silicon based or alumina based wafers, in particular for photovoltaic cells or for green-tape type circuits, are known, which comprise at least an alignment device to align the plates that upon exiting the work unit of the plant are incorrectly positioned on the conveyor belt able to move the plates between the various work units of the plant. Here and hereafter, by alignment we mean the positioning of the plate in a symmetrical position with respect to a median axis of the conveyor belt, directed along its direction of feed, so that a median axis of the plate coincides with the median axis of the conveyor belt.
Such known devices comprise gripping members, disposed perpendicularly to the plane of feed determined by the conveyor belt, and parallel to the direction of feed of the latter, able to correct the possible incorrect positioning of the plate, in order to align it so that it may be sent to the next work unit of the plant correctly.
One disadvantage of these known devices is that the gripping members can damage the plate to be aligned, in particular along its edge, which leads to the production of defective pieces. Furthermore, the gripping members can completely break the plate and this causes a complete stoppage of the production cycle in order to remove the broken piece, with the consequent economic problems that derive therefrom.
A further disadvantage of known devices is that the gripping members must be calibrated, or replaced, according to the sizes of the plate to be worked. Therefore, between two working phases of different sized plates, elaborate methods of calibration, or replacement, of the gripping members are required, which considerably delays the production cycle and causes substantial economic losses.
Purpose of the present invention is to achieve an alignment device to align a plate, which does not damage or accidentally break the plate, and which also aligns plates of all sizes without having to be replaced or undergo calibration steps.
The Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.

Alignment device and method to align plates for electronic circuits