A linear compressor includes a casing having a suction pipe and a discharge pipe and a unit including a cylinder formed therein and an inner stator assembly and an outer stator assembly installed on the exterior of the cylinder and a magnet assembly inserted into the certain void of the inner and outer stator assembly for performing a reciprocating motion linearly and a piston connected to the magnet assembly by forming a connection portion and a gas through hole formed in the connection portion of the magnet assembly and piston, which is capable of decreasing a flow resistance by forming the gas through holes in the connection portion of the magnet assembly and the piston and decreasing the specific volume of the suction coolant by making the coolant gas filled the both area of the connection portion flow reciprocally in the reciprocating motion of the piston.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a linear compressor, and in particular to a linear compressor which is capable of improving efficiency of the compressor by minimizing flow channel resistance generated in a reciprocating motion of a piston.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In general, in a linear compressor compressing fluid such as air or coolant gas, linear driving force of a motor is transmitted to a piston, and the piston sucks and compresses the coolant gas by performing a linear reciprocating motion.
Hereinafter, the conventional linear compressor will now be described.
As depicted in FIG.1xcx9cFIG.3, the conventional linear compressor comprises a casing V having a certain amount of oil at the inner bottom surface, a compression unit C installed horizontally inside of the casing V for compressing and discharging the coolant after sucking, and an oil feeder O fixed on the external of the compression unit C for providing oil to a sliding portion.
The compression unit C comprises a frame 1 having a ring shape, a cover 2 fixedly installed on the side of the frame 1, a cylinder 3 fixed horizontally on the center of the frame 1, an inner stator assembly 4a fixed on the. outer circumference of the frame 1 supporting the cylinder 3, an outer stator assembly 4b fixed on the outer circumference of the inner stator assembly 4a with a certain void, a magnet assembly 5 interposed on the void between the inner and outer stator assembly 4a, 4b, a piston 6 connected to the magnet assembly 5 for sucking and compressing the coolant gas by performing a sliding motion inside of the cylinder 3, an inner and outer resonance spring 7a, 7b for inducing the magnet assembly 5 to perform a resonance motion continually at the void between the inner and outer stator assembly 4a, 4b, and a discharge valve assembly 8 installed on the front end of the cylinder 3 for controlling discharge of a compressed gas in the reciprocating motion of the piston 6.
The piston 6 includes a body portion 6a having a certain length, a head portion 6b having a disk flange shape connected to the magnet assembly 5 formed on the rear portion of the body portion 6a, and a gas flow channel F formed on the center of the body portion 6a for guiding the coolant gas to the cylinder 3.
A curved portion 5a is formed on the magnet assembly 5 having a disk shape in order to be connected to the head portion of the piston 6.
A non-described reference numeral 9 is a suction valve, SP is a suction pipe, and a VP is a discharge pipe.
The operation of the conventional linear compressor will now be described.
Current is applied to the inner and outer stator assembly 4a, 4b, the magnet assembly 5 performs the linear reciprocating motion, the piston 6 connected to the magnet assembly 5 performs the reciprocating motion linearly inside of the cylinder 3, pressure difference occurs inside of the cylinder 3, the coolant gas inside of the casing V is sucked into the cylinder 3 through the gas flow channel F of the piston 6 by the pressure difference inside of the cylinder 3, is compressed, and is discharged. The above-described operation is performed repeatedly.
Herein, part of the coolant gas sucked in the suction process of the piston 6 through the suction pipe SP flows to inner side of the cover 2 in the reciprocating motion of the piston 6, the part of the coolant gas flows again inside of the magnet assembly 5 through the void of the inner and outer stator assembly 4a, 4b, accordingly the coolant is evenly distributed all over the casing V.
However, in the conventional linear compressor, the coolant gas fills generally the connection portion of the magnet assembly 5 and piston 6, namely, the curved portion 5a of the magnet assembly 5 and head portion 6a of the piston 6, however the connection portion of the magnet assembly 5 and piston 6 seems to be blocked, accordingly flow resistance of the fluid occurs in the reciprocating motion of the piston and the efficiency of the compressor lowers.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a linear compressor which is capable of minimizing a flow resistance of fluid occurred in a reciprocating motion of the piston.
To achieve the object, a linear compressor of the present invention including a casing filled with oil at the bottom surface having a suction pipe and a discharge pipe, a unit elastically supported so as to be horizontally excited minutely inside of the casing including a cylinder formed on the inner center, an oil feeder installed on the bottom surface of the unit sunk under the oil for providing oil to the unit, an inner and outer stator assembly installed on the external of the cylinder so as to have a certain void between each other, a magnet assembly inserted into the certain void of the inner and outer stator assembly for performing a reciprocating motion linearly, a piston connected to the magnet assembly for performing the linear reciprocating motion inside of the cylinder in accordance with the linear reciprocating motion of the magnet assembly, an inner and outer resonance spring installed between the cylinder and unit for inducing the magnet assembly to perform a resonance motion continually between the inner and outer stator assembly, and a discharge valve assembly combined to the front end of the cylinder and connected to a discharge pipe of the casing for controlling discharge of the compressed gas in the reciprocating motion of the piston, comprises a gas through hole formed on the connection portion of the magnet assembly and piston formed so as to be square with the direction of the reciprocating motion of the magnet assembly and piston in order to decrease the flow resistance due to the coolant gas occurred in the reciprocating motion of the magnet assembly and piston.
In addition, in the linear compressor of the present invention, a gas through hole is formed on the side wall surface of the magnet assembly in order to decrease the flow resistance occurred in the reciprocating motion of the piston due to the coolant gas.
In addition, in the linear compressor of the present invention, a plurality of gas through holes having a ring shape are formed and are zigzag-arrayed along the outer circumference of the sidewall of the magnet assembly.


A semiconductor light-emitting device includes a support structure, and a light-emitting structure. The support structure includes a support substrate, and a support substrate side bonding layer disposed on one surface of the support substrate. The light-emitting structure includes a light-emitting structure side bonding layer bonded to the support substrate side bonding layer, a reflection region disposed on the support substrate side bonding layer opposite the support substrate, and a semiconductor multilayer structure including a light-emitting layer disposed on the reflection region opposite the light-emitting structure side bonding layer for emitting a light with a predetermined wavelength, and a light-extraction surface disposed on the light-emitting layer opposite the reflection region for reflecting diffusely the light. The reflection region includes a transparent layer of a material with a lower refractive index than that of the semiconductor multilayer structure, and a reflection layer of a metallic material. The transparent layer has such a thickness that interference caused by multiple reflection of light inputted to the transparent layer can be suppressed.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a semiconductor light-emitting device with enhanced light-extraction efficiency.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional semiconductor light-emitting device (e.g., see JP-A-2005-513787) with improved light-extraction efficiency is known that is composed of a conductive holder, a semiconductor multilayer structure having multiple semiconductor layers including a light-emitting layer, a reflection layer of a metal and plural interface electrodes and formed on the conductive holder through a transparent layer having a thickness d of λ/(4n), and a surface electrode formed on the semiconductor multilayer structure, where the interface electrodes are formed in an area except under the surface electrode. Meanwhile, λ represents a wavelength of light emitted from the light-emitting layer, and n is a refractive index of the transparent layer.
A refractive index of the semiconductor layer composing the semiconductor light-emitting device is greater than that of the transparent layer of a dielectric material so that, of light inputted to the interface between the semiconductor layer and the transparent layer, light at an incident angle greater than a total reflection critical angle cannot be externally discharged from the device.
Here, in considering only light inputted perpendicularly to the interface between the semiconductor layer and the transparent layer, the reflectivity a reflection region becomes maximum when a thickness d of the transparent layer is d=λ/(4 n), where the reflection region is formed by sandwiching the transparent layer with a lower refractive index than that of the semiconductor layer composing the semiconductor multilayer structure, between the reflection layer and the semiconductor multilayer structure as in the semiconductor light-emitting device of JP-A-2005-513787.
The semiconductor light-emitting device of JP-A-2005-513787 functions such that light emitted from the light-emitting layer can be reflected by the reflection layer outside the device, and owing to the thickness of the transparent layer defined as d=λ/(4 n), its reflection characteristic can be enhanced with respect to light inputted perpendicularly to the reflection region composed of the transparent layer and the metal layer, whereby the light-extraction efficiency can be enhanced. Furthermore, the semiconductor light-emitting device can be enhanced in light-extraction efficiency due to having the roughened surface of the semiconductor multilayer structure.
However, in the semiconductor light-emitting device of JP-A-2005-513787, the thickness of the transparent layer is optimized only with respect to light inputted perpendicularly to the reflection region. In other words, no optimization is considered with respect to a light component inputted obliquely to the reflection region. Therefore, in the semiconductor light-emitting device of JP-A-2005-513787, light inputted obliquely to the reflection region may be reflected repeatedly in the reflection region to reduce the intensity. Thus, of light emitted from the light-emitting layer, light inputted obliquely to the reflection region is difficult to efficiently extract from the semiconductor light-emitting device.


An inflator assembly arranged in an airbag system for use in a vehicle includes an elongated inflator with at least one mounting stud for mounting the inflator assembly in the vehicle and a gas deflector having a back plate and a front cover with at least one opening to diffuse gas generated from the inflator. The front cover is slid on the back plate along a longitudinal axis of the inflator such that the front cover is slidably engaged with the back plate to enclose a portion of the inflator. Further, the front cover and the back plate are securely engaged with each other by a crimp process to prevent opening or deforming of the gas deflector.

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
Inflatable airbag systems are widely used to minimize occupant injury in a collision scenario. Airbag modules have been installed at various locations within a vehicle, including, but not limited to, the steering wheel, the instrument panel, within the side doors or side of seats, adjacent the roof rail of the vehicle, in an overhead position, or at the knee or leg position. Airbag modules typically comprise an airbag cushion, an inflator, an inflator housing, and an airbag housing. Present common designs can be grouped into two categories: a first category of airbags using a pancake or disc shaped inflator housing typically employed in steering wheels; and a second category using elongated inflators typically employed, for example, as passenger side frontal impact airbags. In each case, the inflator is typically machine-press fitted into the inflator housing, which is often made of steel or some other metals. The inflator and inflator housing are typically mounted within the airbag housing using mounting hardware integrated into, or provided by the inflator housing. The inflator assembly is positioned so that upon triggering of the inflator by vehicle collision sensors, inflation gas will be directed into the airbag cushion, causing it to rapidly expand.
Generally, referring to tubular type inflators, the inflator assembly is installed inside the airbag cushion of the airbag module and usually a diffuser component is required. Gas which fills the airbag cushion is generated by the ignition of gas generant within the inflator. The gas is created from the rapid burning of pyrotechnic materials, and escapes exit ports formed in the inflator at a high velocity and temperature such that on actuation of the inflator, typically, the gas flows with extremely hot and fast in a direct outward direction as shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, the combination of heat and speed during a deployment results in a snap load as the airbag cushion 12 moves into a position. There is a concern in the design of airbag system that the loading can result in failure of the airbag cushion by breaking perimeter seams, tearing the main panel, etc. For example, the loading could cause the gas to burn one or more holes in the airbag cushion material, which is generally a nylon or polyester weave such that the holes could cause the airbag cushion to inflate improperly. Accordingly, it is most desirable for gas from the inflator to flow into the airbag cushion with a flow direction which can be dispersed.
In the design of high-volume motor vehicle components, ease of assembly and low cost production designs are necessary. Accordingly, there is always a desire to achieve these goals in the design of automotive components while providing necessary and desired performance characteristics.


An intake device includes: a plurality of intake ports which are adjacent to each other with a partition wall interposed therebetween; a valve body provided for each of the plurality of intake ports; a rotating shaft which rotates along with the valve body; and a bearing member which is disposed between the intake ports adjacent to each other and rotatably supports the rotating shaft of the valve body, wherein the bearing member includes a bearing main body having a bearing hole which rotatably supports the rotating shaft, and an arm portion which extends in a length larger than an inner diameter of the bearing hole from the bearing main body along the partition wall between the intake ports adjacent to each other and configures a bearing-side welding portion.

In the related art, an intake device provided with a bearing member which rotatably supports a rotating shaft of a valve body between intake ports adjacent to each other is known (refer to, for example, JP 2010-1847A (Reference 1)).
Reference 1 described above discloses an intake device which is provided with an intake device main body that includes a surge tank and a plurality of intake ports branching from the surge tank to the downstream side, a valve body provided for each of the intake ports, a rotating shaft that rotates the valve bodies, and a bearing member that is disposed between intake ports adjacent to each other and rotatably supports the rotating shaft. The valve body is configured such that, if the valve body is rotated to a closed state, the valve body comes into contact with a partition wall portion configuring an opening portion of the intake port, thereby blocking (sealing) the opening portion (the intake port). The bearing member is fitted into a bearing mounting portion of a concave shape (a cutout shape) formed in a partition wall between the intake ports of the intake device main body, thereby being fixed to the partition wall between the intake ports. The intake device main body has a structure of being divided into plural pieces, welding portions are respectively formed on a side of the upper surfaces of the bearing member and the partition wall of a first piece and a lower surface side of a second piece, and these pieces are joined to each other by welding.
Here, if the dimensional accuracy of the partition wall portion in the vicinity of the opening portion of the intake port in which the bearing member is disposed is low, sealing properties of the valve body are adversely affected, and therefore, it is very important to secure dimensional accuracy in the vicinity of the opening portion of the valve body. However, in the intake device of Reference 1 described above, a sufficient thickness is required in the partition wall portion in order to fit the bearing member into the partition wall portion (the bearing mounting portion), and on the other hand, if the partition wall portion having a thick thickness in this manner exists, a molding defect easily occurs, and therefore, there is a problem in that it becomes difficult to secure dimensional accuracy in a thick portion (a partition wall portion in which a seal surface by the valve body is formed) in the vicinity of the bearing member.
Therefore, in order to secure dimensional accuracy, it is conceivable that the partition wall portion in the vicinity of the bearing member be made to have a hollow structure, thereby thinning the wall thickness of the partition wall while maintaining the total thickness of the partition wall.
However, on the side of the upper surfaces (welding surfaces) of the bearing member and the partition wall of the first piece, it is necessary to provide a welding portion which is welded to the second piece, and therefore, it is not possible to form a hole or the like for making a hollow structure therein. As a result, in the intake device of the related art as in Reference 1 described above, the partition wall portion (the seal surface by the valve body) in the vicinity of the bearing member becomes thick in wall thickness, and thus there is a problem in that it is difficult to secure the dimensional accuracy of the seal surface.


A sight and methods of operation thereof are provided. In some embodiments, an image is captured via an image capture unit, and a center position is calculated according to the positions of at least three impact points in the image, and a predefined view center of a display unit is set to the center position. In some embodiments, an angle of dip of the sight to a plane is detected via a dip angle detector. A predictive impact point is calculated according to the angle of dip and at least one calculation parameter, and an impact point indication is accordingly displayed in the display unit. When the angle of dip is changed, the predictive impact point is recalculated according to the new angle of dip, and the corresponding impact point indication is displayed.

1. Field of the Invention
The disclosure relates generally to sights and methods of operation thereof, and more particularly, to sights and methods of operation thereof that can automatically perform a zeroing calibration and provide shooting prompts.
2. Description of the Related Art
Currently, several aiming mechanisms have been developed to assist users to launch devices, such as firearms comprising rifles or targeting guns. A common aiming mechanism is to set a sight on the firearm. The sight can enlarge a target object with a specific scale factor, and provide a reticule to assist users to aim the target.
Although the sight can assist users to aim, however, the operations of the sight always become persecutions for users, and the achievable effects are always limited. For example, before the use of a sight, users need to perform a "zeroing calibration" or called "zero shooting". By performance of the zeroing calibration, the error of the user or the firearms itself can be corrected. Conventionally, the above zeroing calibration is performed by shooting a target located at a specific distance to the firearms by the user, and adjusting the firearms and the sight according to the deviation situation between the positions of the projectile, such as a bullet and the target. The above procedure must be performed repeatedly until the projectile hits the target. The conventional performance of the zeroing calibration is inconvenient for users.
Additionally, during an actual shooting procedure, several factors, such as the temperature, the pressure, the humidity, the wind speed, the wind direction, the wind resistance, the pose of user, and the dip of firearms can affect the marching distance and trajectory of the projectile. Therefore, even if the user's firearms is equipped with a sight, and a zeroing calibration is performed to correct the sight, the subsequent actual shooting still need adjustments based on user's experiences. For example, when the distance from the target is greater than the distance used in the zeroing calibration for the sight, the user must aim the reticule of the sight to an upper point of the target. Additionally, when the wind comes from left or right, the user must aim the reticule of the sight to a point with a left deviation or a right deviation to the target, thus to compensate the influence of the wind to the projectile trajectory. Conventionally, the reticules of some sights may have marks of angle increment, thus to assist users to perform appropriate deviation adjustment. However, it still needs greatly experiences and conjectures from users.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


The device serves to delimit a set-up angle between two planar components which are connected with one another by means of a hinge (1, 2), for example between the picture cover (3) of a picture frame and a supporting base (4). The device is characterized by a connecting web (8) which at one end is provided with one half of a hinge base joint (54) and at the other end is configured as a T-shaped member (89). The other half of the hinge base joint can be fastened to one of the two planar components--the picture cover (3). The T-shaped member (89) grips behind a cutout (23) in a plate that can be fastened to the other planar component--the supporting base (4). The width of the cutout (23) in the region facing the hinge (1, 2) is greater than the width of the transverse portion (80) of the T-shaped member (89). A step (30) is provided at the transition from the narrower to the broader region.

1. Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for limiting the set-up angle between two planar components which are connected with one another by way of a hinge, for example between the picture cover of a picture frame and its supporting base.
2. State of the Art
Picture frame hinges are known which have a supporting base (U.S. Pat. No. 2,811,741; DE-U-8,809,422) in which two hinge leaves are connected with one another at their abutting edges by way of a hinge joint formed of knuckles through which passes a hinge wire. The angle limitation required for setting up the picture frame with the aid of the supporting base is determined by stops which are either formed as axial projections at the knuckles of the one hinge leaf and as matching axial recesses in the knuckles of the other hinge leaf or are provided along the knuckles of the one hinge leaf over the entire length of the knuckles, with the other hinge leaf abutting thereon when the picture frame is set up. In the prior art hinges there exists the danger that, under greater stresses as they may easily result from improper set-up of the picture frame, the hinges are damaged in the region of the stops and/or, if the picture frames are heavy, the supporting base is bent.

Device for limiting the set-up angle between two planar components


A deflection element (10) for robot arms has two arm braces that are pivotally mounted on a joint mechanism. In order to create a universally useable deflection element, the two arm braces (12) are each mounted on a support structure (20) of the joint mechanism by means of an arm joint (18), and the two arms braces (12) are coupled to a connecting element (22) between the two arm joints (18), said connecting element (22) being movable relative to the support structure (20); furthermore, at least one actuating element (50; 51), which moves the connecting element (22) and thus pivots the arm braces (12) between the end positions thereof, is arranged between the support structure (20) and the connecting element (22).

The invention according to the preamble of claim 1 relates to a deflection element, especially for robot arms, having two arm braces, which are pivotally mounted on a joint mechanism.
For an optimal mobility, it is often in the case of robot arms required to design said robot arms with joints forming bending sites, while drive units in combination with suitable measuring and regulating equipment ensure that a particular bending angle can be traveled exactly. Robot arms can be used for highly diversified applications, handling very different loads and sometimes needing to be controlled very precisely, e.g., in order to be able to be used in the in the manufacturing process during the production of high-quality products. Different kinds of drive units for the deflection elements are customary, such as electric drive units, which can be arranged in the deflection element itself or act on the joint by traction means. Pneumatic or hydraulic actuating elements are also known, acting between the arm braces. Basically, it is always desirable to provide light, yet still very sturdy deflection elements.


A seal joint for sealing a fluid is particularly adapted for use in extreme pressure and/or temperature environments. The seal joint includes a first member having a first sealing surface and a first opening therein, and a second member having a second sealing surface and a second opening therein, such that the first opening and the second opening comprise mating openings, and together comprise a fluid passageway. The seal joint also includes a metal gasket sheet located between the first sealing surface and the second sealing surface which has an aperture through the sheet which corresponds to the mating openings. The seal joint also includes a rigid seal which surrounds the perimeter of the aperture and which is attached to the surface of the metal gasket sheet. The rigid seal has a thickness and a width which vary as a function of position along the length of the seal. The seal joint also includes a means for applying a sealing force to press the first member, metal gasket sheet and second member together to form the seal joint between them, such that the means for applying the sealing force causes elastic deformation of at least one of the first sealing surface or the second sealing surface by the rigid seal.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to metal gaskets. The invention relates more particularly to metal gaskets having a rigid seal. Most particularly, the invention relates to a metal gasket having a rigid seal that varies in thickness and width along its length.
2. Related Art
In sealing applications associated with extreme pressure and/or temperature environments, such as various sealing applications in internal combustion engines (i.e., head gaskets, exhaust manifold gaskets, turbocharger gaskets, etc.), multilayer metal gaskets with elastically deformable embossments have been utilized to provide the required fluid seals. Three common issues exist with multilayer metal gaskets, such as multilayer steel cylinder head gaskets, the fatigue resistance of the gaskets, load relaxation and joint distortion associated with the use of the gaskets. Multilayer metal gaskets are made from thin sheets of metal, such as steel. In many applications, such as cylinder head gasket applications, these multilayer metal gaskets are subjected to temperature and pressure extremes associated with the operation of the internal combustion engine and the environmental conditions under which it is utilized. Thus, as the engine is operated, the internal combustion processes subject the cylinder head gasket to repeated pressure-induced cyclic motion and stresses and extreme temperatures. Over the operating life of an engine, this cyclical motion and stresses at the extreme operating temperatures can cause fatigue within the metal gasket, particularly fatigue in the region of the embossments which are used to provide the sealing surfaces of the gasket. While a cylinder head gasket is used as an example, other applications of multilayer metal gaskets are also subject to cyclic pressures and temperatures associated with their operating environment, and are thus also subject to the fatigue processes described above.
In the case of multilayer metal gaskets used in cylinder head gasket applications, this motion, and associated load change, within the cylinder head gasket is known to play a significant role in cylinder bore distortion because the cylinder head gasket is the interface between the cylinder bore located within the engine block and the cylinder head. In operation, the cyclic motion described above also results in distortion of the cylinder bore in the region of the gasket. Cylinder bore distortion can cause high rates of wear on the piston rings or combustion gas blow-by within the head gasket.
One of the primary factors effecting fatigue is the fact that an embossment must be added to the cylinder head gasket to redistribute the available bolt load to produce a uniform sealing force along the length of the sealing feature of the cylinder head gasket. This embossment reduces the stiffness of the joint and exacerbates joint motion. As the gasket is subjected to cyclic temperatures and pressures, this can result in a tendency for fatigue failures at locations within the gasket where the magnitudes of the motions are highest. Further, the sealing forces associated with such gaskets are known to change as a function of time related to the cyclic motion and associated creep-induced stress relaxation processes.
One example of a multilayer metal gasket that is designed to address the issues described above is described in US 2003/0080514 A1 which is directed to combustion stopper seal having a variable thickness and width flange directly adjacent to the combustion cylinder opening and a method of making the stopper seal. The stopper seal is associated with a stopper layer of a multilayer metal gasket. The stopper seal is adapted to make the sealing pressure within the functional or sealing layers which contain the sealing embossments more uniform. However, the elastic nature of the embossments still permits undesirable motion within a seal joint which utilizes such a stopper layer, and also incorporates the associated inherent complexity of a multilayer metal gasket design.
Given the limitations associated with multilayer metal gaskets, it is desirable to develop new metal gasket designs and seal joint configurations which greatly reduce or eliminate cyclic motion within the seal joints due to the inherent characteristics of the gasket. It is also desirable to reduce the complexity of metal gaskets as compared to existing multilayer metal gasket configurations, by reducing the number of layers and associated elements. Further, it is also desirable to make the sealing force along the seals more uniform by controlling the sealing force along the length of the sealing surface of the gasket. Still further, it is desirable to develop gasket and seal configurations which have improved resistance to fatigue and relaxation of the sealing force as the seal joint is subjected to use and the application cyclic forces to the joint.


In one aspect, the disclosure provides neutralizing antibodies against JCV and methods for the treatment of PML. In some embodiments, aspects of the invention relate to an isolated JC-vims neutralizing monoclonal antibody against JCV capsid protein VPI (JCV-VP1). In some embodiments, the antibody suppresses infectivity of the JC-vims. In some embodiments, the antibody binds the sialic acid binding pocket of JCV-VP1.

JC polyomavirus (JCV) is the causative agent of a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The incidence of PML can be related to a weakened immune system or treatment with immunosuppressants. Currently, there is no specific antiviral therapy that has been proven effective for treatment of PML.


A key cylinder, upon receiving a valid key, inserted through the key cylinder, is disengaged from a cylinder lock enabling the key and the key cylinder to be rotated between two positions. During rotation, an arm on the key cylinder engages a contact carrier to switch a contactor mounted on the carrier between two positions breaking one contact and subsequently making another contact. The contacts provide output signals to a vehicle passenger restraint apparatus to selectively alternatively place the passenger restraint apparatus in an "on" or "off" state.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates, in general, to vehicle safety restraints and, more specifically, to inflatable restraints, such as airbags.
2. Description of the Art
Inflatable airbags are becoming an important safety feature in modern vehicles. Currently, inflatable airbags are generally standard equipment for vehicle driver seats and are becoming more common on front passenger seats due to federal regulations.
Upon sensing an impact, the airbags are immediately ejected from the dashboard at speeds exceeding 100 mph. As such, the inflating airbag imposes a considerable amount of force on any object in its path, such as a vehicle passenger. Indeed, this is the main function of the inflatable airbag; i.e., to absorb forces and thereby control and decelerate any movement of the front seat passenger(s).
However, recent studies have shown that serious injuries to children whether or not they are seated in a child seat mounted on the vehicle front seat and even frail adults can occur due to the high impact forces generated by the airbag. While it is preferred that children and frail adults ride in a rear seat of the vehicle, such is not possible in certain small size vehicles, such as two seat sports cars or trucks.
Federal regulations have been proposed to enable selective control over the passenger side airbag thereby preventing inflation of the passenger side airbag even in the event of a collision when a child is seated on the front passenger seat. One proposed approach is to provide an on/off switch to enable the driver of the vehicle to selectively control the "on" or "off" state of the passenger inflatable restraint system.
Thus, it would be desirable to provide an apparatus for controlling the inflatable vehicle passenger restraint system which provides an easily visible indication of the "on" or "off" state of the inflatable restraint system, is switchable between "on" and "off" states only by an authorized individual, and which prevents unauthorized switching by unauthorized individuals.

Passenger inflatable restraint control apparatus


A marketing system includes a plurality of automated transaction machines (74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86). The automated transaction machines operate to carry out financial transactions with associated host computers (90, 94, 100, 104). Marketing presentations are stored on and output from the transaction machines responsive to messages exchanged with a market message server (110) which is connected to the automated transaction machines through a network (108). The connection to the automated transaction machines, which provides delivery of the market presentation materials and which causes the output of presentations, is generally independent of the messages associated with authorizing financial transactions. Some described embodiments of the invention enable presenting marketing campaigns to users of the transaction machines. The marketing campaigns may include sequences of presentations that are output on a targeted basis to particular users.

Automated transaction machines are known in the prior art. A common type of automated transaction machine is an automated teller machine (ATM). ATMs are commonly used by consumers to conduct financial transactions. Transactions commonly conducted at ATMs include dispensing cash, making deposits, transferring funds between accounts, check cashing, bill payment and account balance inquiries. Other types of transactions may be carried out on an automated basis at ATMs depending on the particular transaction function devices included in the machine.
Other types of automated transaction machines may also be used for carrying out financial transactions of other types. For example, automated transaction machines may be used for dispensing tickets, dispensing and receiving gaming materials, issuing scrip, issuing or redeeming vouchers or other items, as well as other types of transactions. For purposes of this disclosure, an automated transaction machine will be considered as any machine that is used to conduct transactions that involve transfers of value. For purposes of this disclosure a financial transaction will include any transaction that involves a transfer of value. Although the description of the invention herein will be made with reference to an ATM, it should be understood that the principles of the invention are equally applicable to many types of automated transaction machines.
Automated teller machines which are conventionally deployed today are programmed to execute a series of steps. The steps generally include communication with a remote host computer to carry out banking transactions. ATMs generally include a display screen or other user interface for instructing users in the operation of the machine. The programming of the machine is such that each user of a particular automated teller machine is presented with the same displays or "screens" in the course of conducting their transactions. While some screens may include the customer's name, which is often read from their card, and information such as amounts input by a customer through a keyboard, the screens are otherwise the same for all users. It is common for the operator of the ATM such as a financial institution to include presentations in the screens promoting the operator's institution. However, promotional messages are provided to every user of the ATM.
FIG. 1 shows an exemplary system 10 including an ATM 12 and a remote host computer 14. The ATM and host computer are enabled to communicate through a network 16. It should be understood that the network in most existing systems may include a telephone line, data line or lease line connection as well as several intermediate computers, which assist in transferring the messages between the ATM and the host which can authorize the transaction.
The steps which occur in conducting a typical cash dispense transaction are shown. Typically when an ATM is waiting for a transaction, an idle screen is presented which prompts an approaching user to insert their card. This is represented by step 18 in FIG. 1. Once the user inserts their card, the card reader in the ATM operates to read the information from the card. This information typically includes the user's name and primary account number (PAN). Additional information may also be included. The reading of the card is schematically represented by step 20.
After the card is read the ATM operates to present another screen which prompts the customer to input their personal identification number (PIN). This is represented by a step 22. As represented by step 24, the ATM receives the customer's PIN through the keypad, touch screen or other input device on the ATM. After receiving the PIN, the ATM generates another screen which prompts the customer to select a transaction. This is represented by step 26. The customer then makes a selection of a transaction by actuating an input device. This is represented by a step 28. In various types of ATMs the input of the transaction selection may be made by touching a function key adjacent to the screen display. In other ATMs, which include touch screen type devices, the customer may select a transaction by bringing a finger adjacent to the touch screen. Other types of ATMs may have different types of input devices through which a transaction selection may be made.
After the customer has provided a transaction request input corresponding to a transaction type, the ATM typically presents another screen which prompts the user to select an account to which the transaction will be related. This is represented by a step 30. Usually the customer has the option of selecting either a checking or a savings account for a cash dispense or deposit transaction. In addition, if the customer has selected a dispense transaction, as will be the case in this example, the customer may be presented with the option of receiving the funds as a cash advance on a credit card. The user responds to the account selection screen by providing inputs to one of the input devices to indicate the particular account. This is represented by a step 32.
After the customer has selected the transaction and the account to be used, another screen is presented by the ATM to prompt the customer to enter an amount. This is represented by a step 34. In this exemplary transaction the customer is going to receive a dispense of cash, and in response to the prompt screen the customer inputs a numeric value corresponding to an amount of cash they wish to receive through the keypad or other input device. This is represented by a step 36. It should be understood that different or other steps may be involved in other transaction types.
In the exemplary withdrawal transaction being discussed in connection with FIG. 1, a customer has now input to the ATM all the information necessary to formulate a request message to a remote host computer. This request message is schematically indicated 38. In the exemplary embodiment the request message may be a Diebold® 91X type transaction message, which is a known format for use by ATM networks. The request message 38 includes information representative of the customer's account number 10, transaction selection and amount requested.
The host 14 receives the request message 38 through the network 16. The request message is enabled to be routed through the network based on information which identifies the institution where the user has their account. This information is typically included in the account number on the customer's card. This institution identifying portion is commonly known as a bank identification number (BIN). When the host 14 receives the request message, the host computer operates to verify that the PIN input by the customer corresponds to the PIN for their account number. The host also checks to verify that the amount they wish to withdraw is available from the selected account. This is done at a step 40. While step 40 is occurring at the host computer, ATM 12 presents a "wait" screen to the user. This is represented by a step 42. Typical wait screens commonly advise the customer that "your transaction is being processed" or may include statements such as "please wait" or the like.
When the host 14 determines that the customer's PIN was input correctly and that the money is available in their account, the host generates a response message 44. Response message 44 is returned to the ATM through the network 16. It is assumed for purposes of this example that the response message includes data representative of the fact that the transaction requested has been authorized. Commonly such messages include an indication of the next "state" that the machine should execute, and this information is used by the ATM to either perform the requested transaction or to display a screen advising the customer that their transaction cannot be processed.
In this example it is presumed that the transaction is authorized and the response message causes the ATM to run its cash dispenser and other transaction function devices that must operate to achieve a dispense of cash. This is represented by a step 46. When the cash is dispensed the ATM will also print a receipt for the customer as represented by a step 48 and will generally make a hard copy record concerning the transaction in a journal which is represented by a step 50.
The execution of the cash dispensing and printing steps also causes screens to be displayed in response to the then current states, which states are part of the programming in the ATM and which control the logic flow of the machine in the course of performing transactions. The programming of the ATM would generally cause a screen prompting the user to take their cash to be displayed once the cash is dispensed. This is represented by a step 52. Once the receipt is printed, a screen is generally displayed which prompts the user to take their receipt. This is represented by a step 54. It should be understood that these various steps and the screens may vary depending on the transaction involved and the programming of the ATM machine.
The ATM having performed the transactions successfully will generate a message back to the host advising the host computer that the customer's account balance should be modified in accordance with the transaction conducted. This is done through a completion message schematically indicated 56. For purposes of this example it will be presumed that the completion message includes data representative of the transaction being carried out successfully. If the transaction could not be carried out successfully the completion message may include information representative of that fact. Upon receipt of the completion message the host 14 operates in accordance with its programming to assess the appropriate charge to the customer for the cash received as represented at a step 58 and to make a record of the transaction as represented by a step 60.
The ATM will then generally operate in accordance with its programming to present a screen prompting the user to indicate if they would like another transaction. This is represented by a step 62. If the user wishes to have another transaction conducted, they may do so by providing an input to that effect. The machine then returns to the point in the logic flow indicated by arrow B. This is represented by a step 64. If the customer does not wish to conduct another transaction they so indicate by providing a different input. This is represented by a step 66. The ATM then operates in accordance with its programming to return the customer's card at a step 68. A screen is then presented prompting the user to take their card which is represented by a step 70, and the ATM returns to the beginning of the logic flow as represented by arrow A. In this condition the ATM is ready to receive a card from another customer and to conduct additional transactions.
While conventional ATM programming is highly efficient for conducting transactions, it provides only a limited range of marketing capabilities to the ATM operator. While the operator may present some customized material in their screens promoting services provided by the institution, such information will not be of interest to many users. In addition, when institutions provide promotional messages, they often provide information that is only of value to customers of the particular institution. ATM users who are not generally customers of the institution will often have no interest in the promotional messages presented.
Some prior art systems have developed the capability of conducting an analysis of customer information at the host computer. The host computer either itself or through other connected computers may determine a particular marketing message that might be appropriate to present to the particular customer. The response message generated by the host may include data representative of a particular message to present. Alternatively, the ATM may include a CD-ROM or other data storage device which has marketing presentations thereon. The response message from the host may include an instruction to play one of these marketing presentations for the customer. The ATM then operates in accordance with the response message to provide the message to the customer.
While this approach provides more marketing options for operators of ATMs, such systems have drawbacks. One of these drawbacks is that it can slow transaction times for ATM operators by requiring the host to not only do the necessary financial transaction processing, but also the necessary processing to determine the appropriate marketing message. This additional processing time combined with the promotional message presentation time can slow down a user's operation of an ATM and annoy both the user and others who are waiting to use the machine.
A further drawback associated with such prior marketing systems is that the ATM programming and financial transaction flow must be significantly modified to accommodate the display of marketing presentations. In addition, the ATM must be modified to accommodate additional devices such as a video disc player or other appropriate storage medium for the presentations. A further drawback is that such systems do not have the capability of receiving responsive inputs from the customer concerning the presentation. This inability to obtain immediate feedback through the ATM terminal as well as the inability for a user to immediately accept a marketing offer, usually results in the user not following up on the offer even if there is some interest.
A further drawback associated with existing ATM marketing systems is that users will generally receive the same promotion every time they use the ATM. As a result, after the first presentation the user will generally ignore further follow-up presentations and will consider their presentation an inconvenience. A further drawback of existing systems is that the data which specifies the marketing information must come from the host computer that can authorize the transaction. Many times this is not a host computer that is controlled by the operator of the machine. If the host computer relies on presentations stored at the ATM machine to give the appropriate promotional message, and the ATM does not include this capability, no promotional message may be sent. A further complication would be if the ATM has the capability but the presentation files stored do not correspond with those that the host expects. This could result in a presentation of a totally inappropriate message to the user. A further drawback of such existing approaches is that the owner of the ATM cannot specifically address messages to those users who are not currently customers of the owning institution. This is because the entity owning the ATM cannot authorize the transaction unless the customer is one who already has their account with the institution owning the ATM. Conventional systems do not enable the ATM owning entity to selectively provide presentations to users who are not its customers for other purposes.
ATMs are also now increasingly owned or leased by the operators of the facilities in which they are installed. Alternatively the owner of the facility may rent space to an entity that provides the ATM. These facilities may include for example fast food restaurants, grocery stores, gas stations, bars, casinos or other facilities. Such ATMs present opportunities for marketing of products provided by their owner or an associated franchise of which their owner is a participant. Such ATMs may be used to promote products of the facility. In addition, operators of facilities where such ATMs are installed may not object to other products being promoted through their ATMs. This is particularly true if such other products would help to generate revenue from the advertiser. However, they would not want their competitor's products promoted on their ATM. At present there is no effective way to provide such marketing messages on a selective wide scale basis.
Thus, there exists a need for an improved ATM customer marketing system that is used to provide marketing messages to ATM users selectively based on the particular user as well as the location of the machine they are operating. There further exists a need for an ATM marketing system that does not significantly slow ATM transaction times and which does not adversely impact the financial transaction process and capabilities of the machine.


An information display system has an information distribution apparatus (a server) for storing information, upon receipt of an information distribution demand, to distribute requested information to an information distribution requesting source, and an information display apparatus (a client) for displaying information distributed from the server on a display screen through requesting of the server information distribution. In the information display system, only a partial information to be displayed first at the client end is transmitted in form of a non-compression from the server to the client, and the remaining partial information is transmitted in form of a compression from the server to the client.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an information distributor (a so-called server) in which information is stored, and upon receipt of information distributing request, the requested information is distributed toward an information distribution demand source, an information display apparatus (a so-called client) in which information distribution is requested to an information distribution source, and information provided from the information distribution source is displayed on a display screen, and an information display system in which the information distributor and the information display apparatus are connected via communication lines to one another.
2. Description of the Related Art
Information display systems as mentioned above, that is, systems in which the server and the client are connected via communication lines such as a telephone line, a LAN and the like, have come into wide use recently.
FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing the basic arrangement of constituents of a network system having a server and a client. Usually, while there is a case in which a plurality of clients are connected and also a plurality of servers are connected, here it is assumed, for the purpose of simplification, that one server and one client are connected to one another through a network.
FIG. 22(A) and 22(B) are each a typical illustration of a format of information stored in a server.
The server 10 is provided with a large capacity of information storage unit 11. The information storage unit 11, stored much information, such as a non-compressed type of information, as shown in FIG. 22 (A), which can be displayed as it is, and a compression type of information, as shown in FIG. 22 (B), which cannot be displayed as proper information in the present form. An advantageous point of storage of information in compressed form resides in the point that a data storage capacity can be reduced. On the other hand, in order to display such information as proper information, there is a need to expand the compression type of information into the non-compressed type of information.
The server 10 further comprises a computer 12, such as a personal computer (PC) and a work station (WS), for executing programs to operate the server 10 including a program for accessing the information storage unit 11 and a program for transmitting the information read from the information storage unit 11 via a network 30 to the client; and display 13 for displaying information involved in management of the server 10.
The server 10 basically has the arrangement as mentioned above, and serves to distribute information via the network 30 to the client 20.
Specifically, as a famous server system, there is known a WWW (World Wide Web) of an interest. Usually, actuation of an HTTP daemon on an OS (Operating System) such as an UNIX or Windows NT permits access from a client application such as Mosaic, thereby transmitting information of interest to the client.
On the other hand, the client 20 is a computer system having a display 21 for displaying information transmitted from the server 10. The client 20 comprises an interface 22 for receiving and transmitting data via the network 30; a CPU 23 for executing an OS, an application software and the like; a memory 24 for temporarily storing the OS, the application software and various kinds of data so that the CPU 23 may refer to those; an information storage unit 25 for storing the OS, the application software, data and the like; and a user interface 26 including a keyboard, a mouse and the like. The information storage unit 25 comprises, usually, a hard disk device and the like so as to store an application software for expanding a compression type of data, an application software for an information display, and the like. Those application softwares are developed on the memory 24 when executed in the CPU 23. The information storage unit 25 serves as a storage place for temporarily storing information transferred from the server 10.
The client 20 has basically a structure of usual personal computer as mentioned above. For example, a WWW browser (an example of a communication software) such as Mosaic is available. The client 20 is operative to request a distribution of information through the network 30 to the server 10 and to display on the display 21 information transmitted from the server 10 via the network 30. It is possible, through clicking by the mouse provided as the user interface 26, of the information displayed on the display 21 characters or still picture portions linked with other information, to display the linked information.
FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing schematically a basic processing routine in the server and the client.
First, at the client end the communication software is activated (step 20-1), and information to be displayed is requested to the server (step 20-2). At the server end, it is observed as to whether information distribution demand has been received from the client (step 10-1). When the server received the information distribution demand from the client, the server transmits the requested information (file) to the client (step 10-2). The client refers to a header of the transmitted file to determine as to whether the transmitted file is a compressed type of file or a non-compressed type of file (step 20-3) on a basis of information recorded on the header. In a case where it is the non-compressed type of file, upon receipt of the information in its entirety (step 20-4), the information is displayed (step 20-5).
In step 20-3, when it is determined that the file transmitted from the server is an information file of a compressed type, the process goes to step 20-6 in which it is determined whether the provided file is to be preserved. The reason why it is determined whether the file is to be preserved is that in case of the compressed file, it takes a lot of time to expand the compressed file, or there is a need to additionally provide a corresponding expansion software, and in view of the foregoing, it often happens that the file is cancelled without being displayed. It is acceptable that such a decision is effected through operation of the user interface 26 by a user of the client, alternately it is instructed beforehand to the client that the compressed file is not preserved. In a case where the compressed file is to be preserved, after completion of receiving of the compressed file (step 20-7), the received information is stored in form of compression in the information storage unit 25 (step 20-8).
After the preservation, an information expansion program is activated so that the compressed file stored in the information storage unit 25 is expanded into the form of non-compression and displayed on the display 21.
In the system, as mentioned above, in which information is transmitted from the server to the client and the transmitted information is displayed at the client end, it is desired that after the client requires the server to provide information, the required information is transmitted in short time from the server and is immediately displayed.
However, in case of non-compressed type of information, it takes a lot of time to transmit information from the server 10 to the client 20. Specifically, in a case where a communication rate of the network 30 is low, or in a case where information, which is large in information rate, for example, information of images or animations, is transmitted, it takes a lot of time before that information is displayed. This involves a problem such that the user of the client 20 is obliged to wait such long time. Further, in a case where the network 30 is a telephone line, taking much time for communication involves a problem such that a service charge for use of the line is increased. Furthermore, in a case where an internet is utilized, a line-occupied factor will be increased. This brings about a problem such that an increment of the user involves a lowering of the transfer rate.
On the other hand, in a case where the compressed type of information is transferred from the server 10 to the client 20, the communication time is reduced by the corresponding reduced data capacity in which information is compressed. However, at the client end which receives the compressed information, there is a need to expand the compressed information to the non-compressed type of information. Thus, it takes much time for expansion. Also in this case, there arises a problem such that it takes a lot of time before information is displayed.
FIGS. 24 (A) and (B) are each a typical illustration useful for understanding a display scheme for a GIF type of image information.
As to the GIF type of image information, there is known a scheme in which as shown in FIG. 24 (B), an image is displayed in the order of scan lines 1, 2, 3, . . . arranged on a jumping basis, a so-called interlace reproducing is performed, instead of a scheme in which as shown in FIG. 24 (A), an image is displayed in the order of scan lines 1, 2, 3, . . . arranged on a sequential basis. Also in case of the interlace reproducing, the total time taken up to a sheet of picture being displayed in its entirety is the same as the scheme shown in FIG. 24 (A). In spite of this matter, the interlace reproducing scheme may give the impression for the user of the client 20 just like that the image is displayed in short time after the user requests information. Thus, the user of the client 20 may be released from an irritation such that the user is obliged to wait for a long time before the image is displayed. However, this scheme is applicable to the GIF type of image only, but not applied to another file type of information. Further, it is noted that the interlace reproducing scheme simply gives the user of the client 20 an illusion just like that the image is immediately displayed, but the display of information is not indeed hastened.

Information display system, information distributor and information display apparatus


A light fixture is provided that includes a plurality of light emitting sources, such as e.g., LEDs, that are arranged along a longitudinal direction. A heat sink provides a support structure for the lights while also assisting with the dissipation of heat. A diffuser covers the light emitting sources and is also supported by the heat sink. One or more optical elements such as e.g., a reflector or internally reflecting lens may be used to help direct light rays from the light emitting sources. Certain features may be added at the ends of the light fixture for mounting upon a surface and/or for further controlling the direction of light rays projecting from the light fixture. The light fixture is suitable for a variety of applications including e.g., the illumination of products displayed on shelving for consumer viewing.

The illumination of items placed on a shelf or series of shelves presents certain challenges. Depending on the location of the light source, one shelf may block light from illuminating another shelf. Similarly, if a light is placed to one side, large items closest to the light may block light from illuminating other items on the same shelf.
Aesthetics can also be a concern particularly when attempting to optimize the positioning of the light source to address the above-mentioned illumination issues. For example, in a commercial setting where the items being displayed are e.g., consumer products, it is desirable to properly illuminate the consumer products without blocking the consumer's view or detracting from the presentation of the products. Additionally, variables such as the color and intensity of the lighting can be particularly important.
The use of light sources such as light emitting diodes, halogen bulbs, and others can present additional issues. For example, certain types of light sources can generate significant amounts of heat. This heat must be properly dissipated to e.g., avoid damaging the light fixture or improperly heating surfaces near the light fixture. If the application involves an environment where moisture may be present, such as e.g., a refrigerated display case, it may also be necessary to protect the light sources and/or associated electronics from exposure to such moisture.
Accordingly, a light fixture that can provide light from a linear source—i.e. a source where one or more light sources are aligned substantially along a longitudinal direction—would be particularly useful for certain applications. For example, such an arrangement could be used to provide lighting for items placed along a shelf or series of shelves. Such a light fixture that can also be used to provide e.g., the desired color and intensity of light would also be beneficial. Additionally, such a light fixture that can also be provided with features for varying the direction of the light would also be useful.


A developer unit for a dual component development electrophotographic image forming device according to one example embodiment includes a housing having a reservoir for storing a developer mix that includes toner and magnetic carrier beads. An auger is positioned to convey developer mix in the reservoir toward the outer surface of a magnetic roll on a front of the housing. A ledge on an inner surface of the housing extends axially with respect to the magnetic roll along a front of the reservoir. The ledge is positioned upstream from a trim bar and downstream from a pickup pole of the magnetic roll with respect to the operative rotational direction of the magnetic roll. The ledge has a concave curved inner surface that is open to the reservoir and extends from near the trim bar to near a front side of the auger.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure relates generally to image forming devices and more particularly to a trim bar entry geometry for a dual component development electrophotographic image forming device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Dual component development electrophotographic image forming devices include one or more reservoirs that store a mixture of toner and magnetic carrier beads (the "developer mix"). Toner is electrostatically attracted to the carrier beads as a result of triboelectric interaction between the toner and the carrier beads. A magnetic roll includes a stationary core having one or more permanent magnets and a sleeve that rotates around the core. The magnetic roll attracts the carrier beads in the reservoir having toner thereon to the outer surface of the sleeve through the use of magnetic fields from the core. A photoconductive drum in close proximity to the sleeve of the magnetic roll is charged by a charge roll to a predetermined voltage and a laser selectively discharges areas on the surface of the photoconductive drum to form a latent image on the surface of the photoconductive drum. The sleeve is electrically biased to facilitate the transfer of toner from the developer mix on the outer surface of the sleeve to the discharged areas on the surface of the photoconductive drum forming a toner image on the surface of the photoconductive drum. The photoconductive drum then transfers the toner image, directly or indirectly, to a media sheet forming a printed image on the media sheet.
As the developer mix on the outer surface of the sleeve approaches the photoconductive drum by rotation of the sleeve, the developer mix is trimmed to a desired mass on the magnetic roll by a trim bar. A gap between the trim bar and the outer surface of the sleeve (the "trim bar gap") dictates how much developer mix is allowed to pass on the outer surface of the sleeve from the reservoir toward the photoconductive drum. The permanent magnet(s) include a pickup pole positioned upstream from the trim bar gap that magnetically attracts developer mix in the reservoir to the outer surface of the sleeve. A portion of the developer mix in the reservoir is positioned in a region of the reservoir between the pickup pole and the trim bar gap in proximity to the outer surface of the sleeve. This region of the reservoir is responsible for ensuring that an adequate amount of developer mix is available for transfer onto the outer surface of the sleeve in order to prevent print defects. This region of the reservoir is also responsible for a portion of the triboelectric charging of the toner through interaction between the toner and the carrier beads.

Trim bar entry geometry for a dual component development electrophotographic image forming device


A recirculating aquaculture system for the conditioning and maturation of bivalve molluscs in a controlled environment; subsequently, once reached their optimal development, the mature molluscs will be used as broodstock in another specific system. Through the system of the present invention the complete conditioning and maturation process of bivalve molluscs takes around 8 to 12 weeks, time after which the molluscs are fit to be transferred to the reproduction system.

There are numerous patents and patent applications that present the culture of bivalve molluscs for their growth until desired commercial sizes for their consumption. Among these documents are:
The prior art shows several patents and patent application for the culture of molluscs in marine waters.
The prior art also shows disclosures that are the culture of molluscs is carried out in some type of aquaculture.
In addition, the prior art shows the culture of bivalve molluscs; in particular, but not exclusively, to the culture of oyster seed. First, larvae of oysters, another type of bivalve molluscs, are grown (200-250 microns) and during the settling process (larva to seed) they settle on small particles (50-500 microns). The larva or seed settled on a microparticle is called SPAT. The SPAT is kept in tanks where an upwelling water flow (bottom to surface) keeps it suspended in the water (this patent describes a system to keep the SPAT suspended in the water). This is called fluidized bed, based on the fluidization of the SPAT which allows them to remain suspended in the water column. This is a continuous flow system, not a closed or recirculating system such as the one described in the present invention; meaning, it is an open system and it does not contain a biological filter or methods to control solids in the system. On the contrary, the present invention is a closed system for the conditioning and maturation of adult oysters able to reproduce.
Furthermore, the prior art shows a tank for growing gastropod molluscs (molluscs with an outer shell), whereas our invention is for bivalve molluscs (molluscs with a two-part hinged shell or valve) comprising a tank where water is contained, including grids where larvae can settle or juveniles and broodstock can be kept. This is an open system; it is not a closed or recirculating system. On the contrary, the present invention is a closed system for the conditioning and maturation of adult oysters able to reproduce.
In addition, the prior art discloses a continuous flow system for the culture of Catarina scallop in their larval stage, including containers for the settlement of larvae (SPAT), and culture of early juveniles. Furthermore, said invention includes thermally insulated containers for the transfer of juveniles to an oyster culture farm. This is an open system; it is not a closed or recirculating system. On the contrary, the present invention is a closed system for the conditioning and maturation of adult oysters able to reproduce.
The prior art also shows a fluidized bed, which in this case is used to keep adult bivalve molluscs. The water comes from a tadpole or shrimp pond, travels through the container where the upward flow is (fluidized bed), and once the nutrients are depleted, exits from the top. This is an open system; it is not a closed or recirculating system, and it is used for the culture of adult bivalve molluscs. On the contrary, the present invention is a closed system for the conditioning and maturation of adult oysters able to reproduce.
Finally, the prior art shows a method for cultivating oysters on land, where deep-sea water free of bacteria and microorganisms is used for oyster larvae until they reach commercial size. This is an open system; it is not a closed or recirculating system, and it is used for the fattening of adult bivalve molluscs. On the contrary, the present invention is a closed system for the conditioning and maturation of adult oysters able to reproduce.

Recirculating aquaculture systems for the conditioning and maturation of mollusks

Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y Educación Superior de Ensenada


A method and a system for modifying network connection access rules using multi factor authentication (MFA) are provided herein. The method may include the following steps: receiving, at a computer network, an access request from a client device; retrieving a user identification data associated with said client device; presenting a message over said client device, wherein the message contains details associated with said access request; responsive to the user confirmation of said details, initiating an MFA process, wherein the MFA process comprises presenting an authentication message over the client device; and only in a case that the user has been authenticated by the MFA process, establishing the requested connection access.

When a remote computer (hereinafter, a source computer) connects to a computer network (hereinafter a target computer) of a business or an organization, it is desirable to be able to automatically grant access to the network without the need to configure the network connection between the source computer and the target each and every time.
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is an authentication method in which the identity of a user is confirmed, and the user is granted access at the application layer to some resource only after successfully presenting at least two factors of evidence to an authentication mechanism. For example, an MFA for an Internet website may require a username and password to be entered into the website, followed by entry of a text message sent to a smartphone that is associated with the user who has accessed the website.
While current MFA is used to grant access on the application layer, accessing a target computer from a source computer on a network layer cannot be implemented easily without a set of ever-changing rules that are applied differently to each and every user. The main reason is that managing network access rules requires the involvement of IT professionals in managing and modifying these rules on a daily basis, making it impractical for a large number of users.

Method and system for modifying network connection access rules using multi-factor authentication (MFA)


In order to provide a liquid crystal display (LCD) device capable of improving the display quality by preventing light leakage in the end portion of a display window on the side adjacent a fluorescent tube, a liquid crystal display device has a LCD panel, a light guide placed under the LCD panel, a fluorescent tube placed close to and along at least one side of the light guide, a lamp reflector sheet for covering substantially the whole length of the fluorescent tube, a diffusion sheet placed on the light guide under the LCD panel, and a reflective sheet placed under the light guide, wherein the surface of the lamp reflector sheet, reflective sheet or the diffusion sheet on the one side of the light guide is printed in color.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD) device. Especially, the present invention relates to a LCD device or unit having a LCD panel in which a so-called edge-light type back light system is employed, the back light system having a fluorescent tube placed close to and along one side of a light guide, and in which a lamp reflector is provided which extends almost the whole length of the fluorescent tube.
A liquid crystal display unit of the type mentioned above includes, for example, a liquid crystal display (i.e., a liquid crystal panel, LCD: Liquid Crystal Display), a back light mounted under the liquid crystal display for supplying light thereto, a liquid-crystal driving circuit board disposed outside the outer periphery of the liquid crystal display, a frame body in the form of a molded part for holding each of the above members, and a metal frame for accommodating these members, the metal frame being provided with a display window. The liquid crystal display is typically prepared by stacking two transparent glass substrates with a predetermined spacing in such a manner as to cause display pixel electrodes, formed with a transparent conductive film, to face an orientation film, sticking the two glass substrates together using a frame-shaped sealing material placed close to the peripheral edge between both substrates, feeding liquid crystals through a liquid crystal sealing port provided in part of the sealing material to enclose the liquid crystals in the sealing material between both substrates, and providing polarization plates outside the substrates.
The back light comprises, for example, a light guide formed of a transparent acrylic plastic plate for guiding the light emitted from a light source in a direction away from the light source for irradiating the whole liquid crystal display uniformly with light, a fluorescent tube placed close to, along and in parallel to one side of the light guide, a lamp reflector covering substantially the whole length of the fluorescent tube, the lamp reflector being substantially U-shaped in cross section and having an inner face which is colored white or silver, a diffusion sheet disposed on the light guide for diffusing the light from the light guide, and a reflective sheet for reflecting the light from the light guide toward the liquid crystal display.
Moreover, the light emitted from the fluorescent tube is introduced into the light guide where it is subjected to total reflection. In order to cause the light to be sent from the top surface of the light guide by means of diffused reflection, however, there is formed a pattern of a plurality of light diffusion dots printed with white ink on the bottom surface of the light guide, or well-regulated protrusions or recesses are incorporated in the bottom surface of the light guide.
Such conventional liquid crystal display units have been described in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 19474/1985 and Japanese Utility Model Unexamined Publication No. 22780/1992.
FIG. 17A is a top view of a conventional liquid crystal display unit (module), and FIG. 17B is a top view of the latest liquid crystal display unit, wherein reference numeral 63 denotes a liquid crystal display module; 41 denotes a metal frame (i.e., shielding case); 80 denotes a display window; and 62 denotes a liquid crystal display.
FIG. 18 is a view of a fluorescent tube in combination with a light guide, wherein reference numeral 36 denotes a fluorescent tube; 37 denotes a light guide; 65 denotes a light-receiving edge face; and 81 denotes a light leakage zone.

Liquid crystal display device having a side edge type back light system with a hue layer in the vicinity of the light source


A golf training system which utilizes a pair of hinged panels which are placed on the practice surface at a selected angularity in an inverted xe2x80x9cVxe2x80x9d to provide a reference for club path, stance and ball position to teach the student a repeatable proper swing. Preferably one of the sides of the panels carry grid-like indicia and the opposite sides only a ball position marked. The teaching method employs the panels and the position and angularity of the panels may be varied in accordance with the type of golf shot and physical characteristics of the golf student. For more advanced student, the panels are reversed so the sides substantially devoid of marking are displayed. The system may be used to teach virtually all golf shots including putting.

The present invention relates to a golf training system and more particularly relates to a golf training method and apparatus utilizing an alignment device with hinged panels having graphics at least on one side. The panels may be angularly adjusted and positioned relative to the golfer to teach golfers having various physical characteristics, proper alignment, swing path, stance and ball position. The training device may be used with guides in the form of strips or markers having reference indicia for assisting the user in maintaining a consistent club shaft plane, footing position and ball placement.
Every shot in golf from the tee shot to the final putt on the green requires proper alignment which establishes the necessary swing path. Alignment involves the proper positioning of the body in order to execute an accurate shot. The club shaft plane is created by gripping the club and placing the club head on the playing surface behind the ball. Preparation for the shot is achieved through aiming the club by positioning the club and body relative to the ball with proper alignment.
There are numerous golf training systems and various devices which can be found in the prior art which are available to assist the golfer in developing both proper alignment and proper swing path.
Several very early patents show golfer stance gauges for teaching proper stance, angle and position of the feet with relation to the golf ball. Representative of these are U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,025,519 and 2,169,407.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,415,407 relates to a golf training method which involves placing two strips in parallel arrangement and a third strip in perpendicular arrangement positioning the golfer on one of the strips so that the golfer faces the golf ball with one foot on each side of the perpendicular strip.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,616,085 discloses a swing training aid having an elongated stance member. A golf ball positioner is carried by the stance positioning member. A swing guide at the end of the golf ball positioner has a generally triangular shape. The swing guide is relatively small and is provided to assist the golfer in club movement extending a short distance on either side of the ball.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,611,738 shows a stance alignment device intended for aligning a golfer""s feet with respect to the intended flight path of the golf ball and is in the form of a substantially flat mat.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,275,570 shows a golf instructional aid which is a generally U-shaped, flat frame having a V-shaped base and two parallel arms forming an open gate. The device is intended as a golf instructional aid which allows the golfer to practice the golf spring with proper stance, ball position and hand position.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,665,008 shows a golf training apparatus consisting of a plurality of tubes which can be assembled in various ways to provide training.
From the foregoing, which are representative of numerous patents that relate to golf training devices, both stance gauges and alignment devices are well known. The prior art generally shows devices consisting of flat panels, rods or strips which may be positioned on the playing surface in some manner to assist in stance, alignment and ball position. These devices, while they may be helpful to some extent, do not necessarily address all of the critical factors which enter into developing a consistent and reliable golf swing. A reliable golf swing relies on a combination of variable factors, including different types of clubs (woods, irons, and putters) which create different club shaft angles. Physical characteristics of the golfer such as body size and shape as well as different levels of flexibility are also factors as well as mental concentration and understanding of the golf swing. The basic golf swing requires the golfer to coordinate movement of the legs, torso, arms and hands to create leverage and transfer energy to strike the ball properly along the target line. Accordingly, an acronym often used by instructors is GASP which refers to the elements of grip, aim, stance and posture. These elements are some of the basic keys to a good golf swing and almost all who have taken a lesson have some version of these factors presented and taught to the golfer by the instructor.
There are other concepts involved in learning golf. Foot position relative to the ball (distance from the ball as well as the position of the ball between the feet), club head position, club shaft angle, and body alignment (which include the position of the head, knees, hips, shoulders, arms, hands and feet). Generally, the proficient golfer has developed the ability to address the ball in a repeatable fashion. This ability is usually acquired by hours of practice. Even though the proficient golfer has developed an ability to address the ball in a repeatable fashion, both proficient golfers as well as beginners need pay attention to basics to maintain an optimal repeatable address position.
Golf instructors teach golfers proper alignment instructing proper stance, foot position, grip, club position and placement of the ball relative to the feet. As mentioned above, proficient golfers have the ability to set up to the ball in virtually the same way on each shot. However, the problem is in initially learning the proper set up. Teaching devices such as those described above are sometimes used. Many instructors will utilize various teaching aids such as simply placing a golf club on the ground as a visual alignment guide. Another alignment device is to suggest to students to imagine a railroad track extending down the intended flight path. The golfer is instructed to take the club away on the backswing parallel to the imaginary set of railroad tracks. However, the visualization of such an imaginary set of railroad tracks is often difficult for students.
From the discussion of the prior art it appears that there exists a need for a system for effectively teaching the golf swing to assist beginning golfers and proficient golfers in developing and reinforcing a repeatable starting position for the club along the swing path while maintaining optimal and consistent angularity of the club shaft, particularly through the hitting area of the swing. In addition, there exists the need for a device and method of traning repeatable body position, club shaft angle/plane, and ball position for a good golf swing accommodating individual physical differences and various types of clubs. The device implementing the system needs to be simple, durable, easily portable and lightweight.
Accordingly, the present invention provides an instructional system which establishes repeatability of a correct and appropriate address position tailored to the individual""s physical characteristics as well as the specific club being used. Using this system, a properly aligned, properly aimed golf swing will be learned. The golfer using this system will set-up for better shots. With the consistency of a repeatable set-up, the golfer will also develop movements of the body which will encourage correct, accurate and repeatable muscle memory. As a result the golfer will gain confidence and will reduce his or her need for dependence on instructors. The system reduces the guesswork when addressing the ball. Proper stance and starting position is involved in every shot with every club in golf. Teachers and students alike spend much time approximating where to place their feet, the club, and the ball during the learning process. Since there is a specific point of reference provided by the present system, guesswork and approximating will be necessarily minimized and essentially eliminated altogether.
Reducing the guesswork of the set-up position allows more time to be devoted to developing sound swinging fundamentals tailored to the unique characteristics of the individual golfer""s swing based on his or her physical abilities and limitations. It should be noted that the present system, by virtue of its intrinsic alignment features including target aim and club shaft alignment, teaches sound swing fundamentals by encouraging the golfer to set-up properly. Disciplined use of the system will reduce the need for expensive lessons, reduce practice time, and visually orient (and consequently reinforce) the golfer to swing correctly. It is an axiom that practice doesn""t make perfect but rather perfect practice makes perfect! The present device encourages perfect and repeatable practice.
Accordingly, the present invention provides an instructional system which establishes consistency of set up and reduces compensation of swing. The system encourages repeatability of swing and provides immediate, accurate feedback of both good and poor shots. This, in turn, helps the golfer to develop accurate muscle memory and reduces the dependence on teachers for alignment. The system reduces guess work, instills confidence and can be used to teach the proper use of all clubs used in golf. Proper use of the system will reduce the need for lessons, reduce practice time and visually reinforces proper orientation and confidence.
The present system employs an alignment device which consists of a pair of elongate panels which are generally rectangular and each may be approximately 4xe2x80x3 to 12xe2x80x3 wide. Preferably each panel is about 4xe2x80x2 in length but may be longer or shorter depending upon personal preferences and teaching requirements. The two panels are hinged together along a longitudinal edge of each so that the panels may be rotated approximately 360xc2x0 relative to one another. The panels may be of any suitable, durable, weatherproof material such as wood or plastic, such as vinyl which is impact resistant. One side of each of the panels carries grid-like indicia and ball placement indicator markings at an intermediate location which is normally displayed for use with beginning golf students. The opposite side of the panels preferably carry only the ball placement indicators and are generally devoid of other markings or indicia as this side is normally used for lower handicap golfers.
Measurement strips may be used with the panels which strips have graphics on one surface for precise positioning of the feet relative to the ball, particularly for the first stage of learning. The opposite side of the strips have minimal graphics or are devoid of graphics which help with the second stage of learning. These strips are very similar to conventional yardsticks, one side with measurement indicia and the other side without. These strips are positioned to fit the variety of physiques of the individual learners. In addition, they can be modified for special stances, such as open-stance or closed-stance.
For convenience of storage, the panels may be folded into a compact position with one panel overlying the other. In use, the panels may be unfolded and arranged in an inverted V to position either the grid-bearing surfaces or the generally indicia-free surfaces facing upwardly. The angular relationship of the two panels can be selected to establish the proper club shaft plane in accordance with the physical characteristics of the golfer and the club to be used. The device may also be used with one or more elongated strips which may be positioned relative to the panels to establish the golfer""s stance line and distance from the aligmnent and plane device. The golfer assumes a position with the golfer""s feet on one side of the panels and the ball is placed on the other, preferably with reference to the ball location indicator markings. The golf club is taken away on the backswing along the angular surface of the panel adjacent the ball. The panel will guide the golfer in maintaining the proper backswing and club shaft plane. On the hitting or forward swing, the panel surface adjacent the ball defines a club shaft plane and is both a physical and mental barrier that will reinforce and teach the proper swing. If the golfer swings improperly, the club will strike this surface. Psychology suggests that human nature is to avoid impacting the surface of the panel which instinctively results in the golfer learning the proper swing path, take-away and hitting stroke conversely; avoiding hitting the panels reinforces a properly executed swing. The angularity of the surface of the panel can be varied as different clubs and different situations are encountered. The device can be used in connection with specialty shots such as sand shots and also can be used to instruct the golfer in the proper putting technique.
Foot position at address involves the distance of the feet from the ball and the position of the ball between the feet which is determined by reference to the graphics displayed. The golfer places the ball on one side of the panels which are aligned with the target line. The measuring sticks or guides are positioned perpendicular to the panels, and essentially parallel to the direction the golfer is facing at address. Once the ball, club and golfer are set-up, the club is taken back away from the target (essentially to the right for right-handed golfers, and to the left for left-handers) while maintaining the angularity of the club shaft relative to the panels which are adjacent to the ball. The golfer completes the backswing (observing the fundamentals of wrist cock, shoulder turn, etc.) and then returns the club to impact the ball. The club is returned along the same angularity of the club shaft relative to the panels and the club head relative to the ball on the through or downswing. The panels guide the golfer on the way back and on the way down. The strips aid in positioning the feet for the stance.
From a learning perspective, the system involves several key items. First, use of the system clearly indicates to the golfer the start or address position. Secondly, the system indicates proper ball position. Third, it clearly indicates club placement. Fourth, the target aim and alignment of ball, golfer, and club are determined by visual reference to the panels and strips. Fifth, the golfer is guided to swing the club back along very a path established by the angularity of the panels and club shaft. Sixth, the club is guided to return along the original swing path and club shaft plane.
The learning is essentially in three stages. Initially, the student will utilize side of the panels having greater or high measurement graphics (HG). The more advanced golfer is less dependent on the graphics but still requires some graphics for reference will utilize the reverse side of the panels and strips for reference, termed the reduced or low graphics (LG) side. The golfer may progress to a level not requiring the use of the panels or strips as the rules provide golf is played without devices or aids. However, it can be learned most efficiently with clear direction on a practice tee or range.
There are important psychological factors which contribute to the effectiveness of the system. The system creates calm in the learner because the novice is more confident of the right starting position, aim and alignment. The panels provide direction for the backswing and downswing, so starting the club back or xe2x80x9cpulling the triggerxe2x80x9d is more easily accomplished. The golfer is also guided to swing along the panels while avoiding hitting the panels. Instinctively, most individuals avoid that which is unpleasant and will avoid that which they fear. Hitting the panels on the backswing or downswing will be instinctively avoided. The golfer will be provided immediate feedback as to whether the golfer has swung properly avoiding the panels (positive) or improperly contacting the panels (negative).
There are other uses of the system other than the development of the basic golf swing. The system can be used for putting and specialty shots such as sand shots, chipping, pitching as well as uphill and downhill lies.

Golf training system for teaching target aim and swing path alignment