Disclosed in the present invention are a method and apparatus for determining a virus-infected file, which belong to the field of computer security. The method includes: locating data in a file being scanned according to the file offset address associated with a virus signature of a virus; making a comparison of the virus signature with the data located in the file being scanned; and determining that the file being scanned is a virus-infected file when the virus signature matches the located data. The apparatus includes: a locating module, a comparison module and a determination module.

With the development of computer technology, the requirement for anti-virus software is becoming increasingly higher, and when determining whether an executable file is malware or a virus, the anti-virus software in the prior art needs to decompile the executable file, extract relevant information such as the class name, the method name, the constant string, etc. used in the executable file from the obtained source code, and compare the above relevant information with virus features in a virus library, thereby judging whether the executable file is malware or a virus.
In the process of realizing the present invention, the inventor has found that there are at least the following problems in the prior art: the method provided in the prior art needs to perform decompilation on the entire executable file, and the process of decompilation is not only time-consuming, but also occupies much internal memory, and relevant information such as the class name, the method name, the constant string, etc. used in the executable file is also needed to be acquired after decompilation, further increasing the internal memory occupation.

Method and apparatus for determining virus-infected files

TENCENT TECHNOLOGY (SHENZHEN) COMPANY LIMITED


An energy conversion device disposed in series with an RF driver circuit and an RF antenna, the energy conversion device being arranged to convert a portion of available RF power from the RF driver circuit into a different form of energy (direct current, thermal, or higher frequency electromagnetic waves such as light) which is converted, if needed, to DC and stored in an energy storage device coupled with the RF driver circuit for supplying recycled electrical energy thereto. The RF antenna may be an electrically small antenna and thus a antenna matching network may be provided between the RF driver circuit and the RF antenna. The energy conversion device may comprise, for example, (i) a transformer in combination with a rectifying circuit, (ii) a full wave rectifier, (iii) a half wave rectifier, (iv) a heat and/or light producing device, an energy converter (such as a generator) or a combination of the foregoing.

Conventional RF transmitters employ an antenna, matching network, and RF signal generator. As the size of the antenna used in this system becomes small, the quality factor of the matching network generally increases to maintain overall efficiency at the frequency of operation. However, this increase in quality factor reduces the overall bandwidth of the transmitter. A common method of increasing the bandwidth of the transmitter is to add additional resistive elements to the matching network to reduce the overall transmitter quality factor, however this decrease in quality factor results in lower transmitter efficiency due to ohmic losses in the additional resistive elements requiring the RF signal generator to produce higher power signals to compensate.
Transmitters which are small relative to their host platform are desirable for a variety of applications, however at electromagnetic frequencies below the UHF band this becomes difficult to realize due to the fact that the electromagnetic wavelength is generally on the order of or larger than many platforms forcing conventional antenna and transmitters to be relatively large in size. While the size of these antennas can be reduced, doing so typically increases the quality factor of the antenna and matching network and in turn reduces the transmitter bandwidth. The bandwidth of these systems can be increased by adding resistive elements to the matching network however this addition reduces the efficiency of the transmitter. The disclosed technology seeks to overcome these limitations, by providing a method of adding loss to a narrowband/electrically small transmitter in order to increase bandwidth and then recovering and resupplying that lost energy to the RF source to maintain efficiency. In this way, the bandwidth of the transmitter can be increased without substantial losses in efficiency, limited only by the conversion efficiency of devices used in this process.
One known method to circumvent this limitation is to employ a technique known as direct antenna modulation. This technique utilizes time-varying elements in the antenna or matching network to surpass the traditional limits set for linear time-invariant antennas. While effective at improving bandwidth without degrading efficiency, this technique does place some limitations on the modulation scheme due to the fact that switching must occur at zero-crossing points in the time varying evolution of the current in the matching network. For high-power and high frequency applications this technique requires that fast high voltage switching elements be utilized which can be difficult to generate. Finally, this technique relies on switching between discrete elements which in turn requires that each state which the system is to be switched between have a corresponding discrete element.
The current practice, is to add resistive elements to the antenna and/or matching network of electrically small antennas to increase bandwidth at the expense of efficiency. An alternative to this technique is direct antenna modulation which varies antenna and matching network elements in time, but introduces additional limitations and system complexity due to the requirement of needing faster switching elements. The present disclosure teaches a method of increasing transmitter bandwidth without needing time varying elements or without reducing efficiency. It is not obvious based on the prior art how an energy conversion mechanism would be added to an electrically small transmitter and utilized to improve the product of bandwidth and efficiency.
The presently disclosed technology seeks to improve upon these prior inventions by enabling a method for improving the bandwidth of an Electrically Small Antenna (ESA) without significantly reducing efficiency or without requiring switching elements to be employed in the matching network which may limit the output power, frequency, modulation speed, and/or modulation scheme.

Broadband antenna matching network employing energy recovery schemes


A new method of photo-reflectance characterization of strain and active dopant in semiconductor structures has been developed for characterization of physical properties of semiconductor structures. The underlying principle of the strain and active dopant characterization technique is to measure photo-reflectance signals occurring nearby to interband transitions in the semiconductor bandstructure and which are highly sensitive to strain and/or active dopant through the effect of the nanometer scale space charge fields induced at the semiconductor surface. To attain this, the present disclosure comprises an intensity modulated pump laser beam and a continuous wave probe laser beam, focused coincident on a semiconductor structure. The pump laser provides approximately 15 mW optical power in the NIR-VIS. The pump light is amplitude modulated by a signal generator operating in the range of 100 kHz-50 MHz. The probe beam is approximately 5 mW operating in the VIS-UV and is generally of wavelength nearby to strong optical absorptions in the semiconductor structure. The pump and probe are focused co-incident to a micrometer scale spot on the sample. Probe specular reflections are collected and the pump wavelength light is removed using a color filter. The remaining probe light is directed onto a photodiode and converted to an electrical signal. The probe AC signal then contains pump induced changes in the semiconductor material optical response. Phase sensitive measurement is performed on the photodiode output and the AC signal is divided by the DC reflectance signal. Thus photo-reflectance information is recorded as a function of probe wavelength, modulation frequency, pump intensity, and pump and probe polarizations.

High sensitivity non-destructive measurement techniques are required for process control in the fabrication of electronic devices. In order to attain the earliest possible feedback during production, it is necessary to characterize electronic properties before the device is complete. Importantly, the physical phenomena which governs device operation occurs in ultra thin active layers which are difficult to characterize due to their small volume. For example, advanced transistor structures may comprise a thin strained silicon layer, wherein the electrical properties of the transistor are controlled by straining of the silicon lattice. Conventional metrology techniques such as ellipsometry cannot effectively characterize the electronic properties of such thin films. Fortunately, an optical technique known as photo-reflectance may be used to characterize the electronic properties of thin films. The conventional photo-reflectance configuration employs an amplitude modulated laser pump beam to induce small periodic changes in electron-hole population in the thin film of interest. A second optical beam, coincident with the modulated pump beam is then used to monitor small sample reflectivity changes using phase locked detection. This disclosure describes the application of a new photo-reflectance metrology technique to characterize active electronic properties of nanometer thickness silicon films.
The method of photo-reflectance characterization of strain and active dopant in semiconductor structures disclosed herein attains sensitivity to electronic properties of Si nanofilmstructures by using a probe wavelength which is near the first strong interband transition energy in Si, which occurs at a wavelength of approximately 375 nm. In the vicinity of such a transition the photo-reflectance (PR) signal typically will exhibit a sharp derivative-like shape. Generally, the PR signal takes the form ΔR/R=αΔ∈1+βΔ∈2, where α and β are the "Seraphin coefficients" which contain filmstack information, and Δ∈1 and Δ∈2, are the pump induced changes in the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, respectively (Seraphin, 1965). In other words, Δ∈1 and Δ∈2 describe the pump induced modulation of thin film properties. These induced changes may be written as the product of the energy of the free carrier and a third derivative of the semiconductor dielectric function as follows: Δ∈i=∂3(ω∈i)/∂ω3×UP, where UP is the free carrier energy and ω is the photon frequency (Aspnes, 1980). Thus, the motivation for choosing the wavelength of the probe beam at 375 nm for Si lies in the sharp derivative form for Δ∈1 and Δ∈2. This third derivative term may be calculated directly from known semiconductor optical constants. The total PR signal therefore becomes ΔR/R=Re[(α−iβ)×∂3(ω∈)/∂ω3)]×UP. The third derivative functional form is large only nearby strong optical absorptions in the semiconductor band structure, and thus may isolate these features with great precision. This is what allows the PR technique to precisely measure strain in nanoscale strained silicon layers, for example, since the strong optical absorption in Si near 375 nm undergoes a precise shift under strain. Nearby to these strong optical absorptions, the amplitude of the PR response also has excellent sensitivity to electric fields in activated silicon transistor channel regions: note he free electron energy is given by the expression UP=e2h2F2/24mω2, where e is the electronic charge, h is Plank's constant, F is the space charge field, and m is the electronic effective mass. This free electron energy is also proportional to the induced carrier density, which may be seen from the Poisson relation: Ne=∈oF2/2 eV, where Ne is the induced carrier density, V is the built-in surface voltage and ∈o is the permittivity of the material (Shen, 1990).
A primary problem with common commercial photo-reflectometers is the wavelength of the probe beam is not selected to coincide with strong optical absorptions in the electronic material under investigation (Salnick, 2003; Borden, 2000). Thus, in conventional photo-reflectometers, the PR signal is obtained at wavelengths where the third derivative of the dielectric function is small and therefore no information about band structure is available. Thus, conventional photo-reflectometers cannot usefully determine internal electric fields or strain. Rather, these photo-reflectometers are sensitive to the damage profile of implanted dopant (Salnick, 2003). This filmstack information contained in the PR signal is of secondary importance, and produces a cosine-like curve in the PR response as a function of implant depth. Furthermore, implant depth dependence cannot be decoupled from the implant dose dependence in these conventional photo-reflectometers. In any event, the filmstack information provided by conventional commercial photo-reflectometers is available through standard linear optical techniques such as spectroscopic ellipsometry (Jellison, 1995).
A further problem with conventional photo-reflectometers that do employ a lamp based spectroscopic probe beam with wavelengths in the vicinity of strong optical transitions, is that when using such a beam, they must either i) use a monochrometer for sequential phase locked measurements at each desired wavelength, or ii) use multiple phase locked detection circuits operating in parallel with a linear photodiode detection array. In the case of use of a monochrometer, the total single point measurement time is typically on the order of 5-10 minutes, which is not satisfactory for use in volume manufacturing. In the case of use of parallel phase locked circuits, the cost and complexity of the apparatus are maximized. Moreover, in conventional photo-reflectometers that employ such a lamp based spectroscopic probe beam, the lamp provides incoherent light and hence cannot be focused to a small spot as effectively as a laser beam. In the method of photo-reflectance characterization of strain and active dopant in semiconductor structures disclosed herein all of these problems are solved in an elegant manner. First, the use of a monochrometer is unnecessary because the laser probe wavelength is either preset at a known wavelength of interest, or is rapidly scanned over a multiplicity of such known wavelengths. Second, parallel phase locked circuits are unnecessary because only one detection photodiode is required. And finally, the use of a laser source allows tight focusing and rapid data acquisition in accord with process control requirements for volume manufacturing.
An additional problem with common commercial photo-reflectometers is the wavelength of the pump beam is not selected to provide an absorption depth suitable for effective pumping of insulating substrates commonly used in semiconductor manufacturing. For example, in order to effectively pump silicon-on-insulator substrates, the pump laser wavelength is constrained by the requirement the absorption depth be less than or commensurate with the top silicon thickness. This implies suitable pump wavelengths of less than approximately 500 nm, a condition which is not satisfied by common commercial photo-reflectometers (Salnick, 2003).
Thus, while conventional photo-reflectometers/spectrometers may be suitable for the particular purpose to which they address, they are not as suitable as is this disclosure for the characterization of active electronic properties of semiconductor nanostructures before the device is complete.
In these respects, the method of photo-reflectance characterization of strain and active dopant in semiconductor structures disclosed herein substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing, provides an apparatus primarily developed for the rapid characterization of active electronic properties of semiconductor nanostructures in volume manufacturing.

Method of photo-reflectance characterization of strain and active dopant in semiconductor structures


A pressurised headspace beverage closure 1 that may be opened and reclosed in at least substantially a one-handed manner; comprising a drinking aperture, at least one headspace pressure lock mechanism 5, at least one controlled-rate headspace pressure equalisation valve arrangement 6 and a sealing system 7 suitable for multiple re-use, and whereby when the headspace pressure 10 is at least substantially above or below atmospheric pressure the headspace pressure lock mechanism 5 may employ the use of the headspace pressure 10 itself to ensure that the closure cannot freely be opened by a user, whereby the headspace pressure equalisation valve arrangement 6 may freely enable the headspace pressure 10 to be vented such that it may at least substantially equalise with atmospheric pressure at a pre-set and controlled rate preferably independent of a user thereby allowing safe and controlled venting of the headspace pressure 10, and whereby once the headspace pressure 10 has at least substantially equalised with atmospheric pressure the headspace pressure interlock system 5 may release its headspace pressure lock sufficiently to enable the one-handed closure to be fully and freely opened and reclosed as required.

Whenever the words "pressure" or "pressurised" are used in this specification, they refer to where the pressure in the headspace of a beverage bottle is not at least substantially close to atmospheric pressure, and may equally be substituted with; carbonated, carbonation pressure, vacuum, headspace pressure, headspace vacuum, above atmospheric pressure, below atmospheric pressure, or any other derivative denoting a pressure that is not at least substantially close to atmospheric pressure apparent to those versed in the art.
There are many closure forms in the beverage market including but by no means limited to:                standard screw cap closures,        closures with the likes of push-pull and screw-top spouts,        closures with integral self-sealing valves, and        closures with integral straws where closing is effected through bending of a straw.
All of the above closures are effective when used in the myriad of non-pressurised beverage market sectors including the likes of iced teas, coffees and water.
In the pressurised beverage market sector however, typically only standard screw-cap closures are used, for reasons including:                the difficulty in effectively sealing the bottle's internal headspace pressure over extended periods,        for above atmospheric pressure headspace beverages, the tendency for many closures to open on their own accord when subjected to extended high internal headspace pressure,        for below atmospheric pressure headspace beverages, the typical need for a separate pressure-seal membrane that must be ruptured/removed upon unscrewing the closure, and        difficulty equalising the internal headspace pressure with atmospheric pressure in a safe and controlled manner prior to opening.
Above atmospheric pressure beverages may include the likes of carbonated beverages and sparkling wines, where the increase in headspace pressure in the bottle above atmospheric pressure once the bottle is seal-closed may be a result of natural effervescence in the beverage or pressurised gas added during bottling.
Below atmospheric pressure beverages may include the likes of energy drinks and juices, where the beverage may be bottled at above atmospheric temperature by hot-filling typically as a means of extending shelf-life, and where on the cooling of the beverage once sealed inside the bottle, a lower than atmospheric pressure headspace may form.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,474,515 teaches a vented closure for carbonated beverage applications. This concept is based on a twist-top spout with an intermediate "vent" position to release carbonation pressure and a fully open "drink" position for drinking.
This patent teaches the use of a twist-top spout to ensure the closure remains locked and sealed when in a closed position. The concept is for a user to twist the closure into a partially open "vent" position to allow the internal carbonation pressure to vent through a predefined pathway and then to further twist into a fully open "drink" position at which time the vent pathway is sealed.
This concept along with others included in prior art have significant practical drawbacks, particularly in the areas of:                typically require the use of two hands or the like in order to both hold the bottle and twist the cap simultaneously,        when in the "vent" position the carbonation vent path is of significantly large cross-sectional area to enable near-instantaneous pressure venting to occur which may promote effervescence, and        allows a user to open the closure straight from the "closed" to the "drink" position, thereby bypassing whether intentionally or inadvertently the "vent" position and exposing a user to the release of significant carbonation pressure and the resulting effervescence.
Particularly when it is desired for a closure to be used in a one-handed situation, these drawbacks are of significant importance. When a one-handed closure is being used, as by example-only while operating a means of transportation, a significant and sustained release of effervescence might seriously distract the operator with potentially disastrous consequences.
The majority of screw-caps in the market today teach vented pathways to reduce the internal carbonation pressure sufficiently before the closure is fully removed, ensuring that the bottle headspace residual pressure does not dangerously propel the closure off of the bottle thread finish.
In all vent formats taught, including as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 6,474,515, the vent pathway is an unobstructed opening of significant cross-sectional area. The intent is to provide sufficient cross-sectional area to reduce the internal gas pressure as rapidly as possible, however while this is effective in reducing the internal pressure to atmospheric pressure quickly, none of these vent-pathways effectively deal with the generation of effervescence. In fact, all increase the likelihood and intensity of effervescence.
It is a popular misconception that a change of state in nature occurs instantaneously, as by example the belief that the voltage across a light bulb reduces instantaneously to zero when a switch is turned off, or the above atmospheric internal carbonation pressure in a beverage bottle reduces to atmospheric pressure instantaneously.
In reality, the effect of inducing a rapid change of state results in the generation of a myriad of third order harmonics. In the light bulb example, this is evidenced through electrical arcing across the switch and electrical noise generation.
In the example of carbonated beverages, this is evidenced by the generation of third order harmonic air pressure waves in the headspace gas which drive down into the beverage as third order pressure waves in the liquid, causing the further release of carbonation gas bubbles leading to an uncontrolled build up in the release of carbonated gas thereby resulting in a large effervescent discharge.
Whatever the example of this phenomenon in nature, the solution to at least substantially reduce the generation of such third-order harmonic effects is to introduce a control system to minimise the resulting third order harmonic generation. The simplest form of control system in such situations is to control the rate of change of state, which is known as a damped control system.
This leads to the other major issue in current prior art whereby a user at any time may over-ride or bypass the "vent" position and twist/open the closure straight into the "drink" position. Not only does this mean that at any time a user may bypass any vent mechanism, it also means that even if opened to "drink" inadvertently, dangerous effervescent release may result for a user without their prior anticipation.
A further issue to consider is that, upon rapid release of the carbonation pressure and the certain generation of effervescence this causes, the resulting additional release of carbonation pressure from the beverage unnecessarily reduces the residual carbonation levels in the beverage. By including a damped control system and removing as much as possible any effervescent release, residual carbonation pressure in the beverage may be maximised.
For below atmospheric pressure headspaces, third order harmonics are not usually an issue, rather the issue is how to raise the headspace vacuum created by hot filling until it is sufficiently close to atmospheric pressure in order to open the closure without the need to unscrew the closure and pull-free/rupture any hot-fill seal membrane.
In this specification where reference has been made to patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to such external documents or such sources of information is not to be construed as an admission that such documents or such sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art or form part of the common general knowledge in the art.
The object of the present invention is to overcome some of the disadvantages with closures for pressurised beverage systems and provide a useful alternative choice.

One-handed closure for pressurized headspace beverages


A method of automatically selecting screen characteristics value to be used for printing a color image, comprising the steps of: forming a digital representation of the color image, the digital representation comprising a plurality of separations; dividing at least one of the plurality of separations into a plurality of regions; and assigning at least one screen characteristic value to each of the plurality of regions.

The production of a book or magazine involves a large number of processes. The processes may be grouped into five general categories: prepress, plate preparation, press set up or "make ready"; press control operations; and postpress operations.
In prepress, the principal processes are graphics, image and text editing and composition. In recent years, this area has undergone revolutionary changes through application of computer technology. State of the art systems for graphics and image editing and composition, as well as the specific functions of scanning, image processing and plotting include systems manufactured and sold by Scitex Corporation Ltd., Herzlia, Israel, such as, respectively, the systems sold under the trademarks Smart Scanner, Assembler and Raystar.
Plate preparation involves a technique known as imposition or signature assembly, which refers to the arrangement of pages on a film used to produce a printing plate. The present state of the art in signature assembly is the use of large and expensive machinery requiring highly skilled operators. Presently available signature assembly machinery involves the following steps: exposure of each of a plurality of separations (such as C, M, Y and K) for each of a plurality of pages to be arranged on a single plate; and subsequently, for each separation, such as C, feeding the exposed plurality of pages to an expose and repeat device such as the Misomex Master S Series, commercially available from Misomex North America Inc., Rosemont, Ill. The expose and repeat device is operative to arrange the plurality of exposed C separations, corresponding to the plurality of pages to be arranged on a single plate, at precisely determined positions on a film and to reproduce the C separations at the precisely determined positions by a photographic process.
The C printing plate is produced by contact exposure of the film. The signature is proofed prior to exposure of the plate. The plate, once exposed, is often found to be imperfect and therefore generally requires quality inspection and defect repair processes. The plate preparation process is repeated in order to produce M, Y and K plates.
Press set-up or "make-ready" takes place after preparation of the printing plate, and involves scanning of each printing plate to obtain information necessary for press set-up. This information includes the variation of the dot percentage over each plate, which determines the required ink flow for that plate.
Press control involves adjustments to the printing press which are normally made by a pressman examining the printed output from the press or by automatic press control systems such as the SPM 700, commercially available from Gretag Data and Image Systems, CH-Regensdorf, Switzerland. Automatic press control systems are operative to scan the printed output from the press compare it to a reference, such as a signature proof, and make suitable adjustments to the printing press. Post press processes include the folding, cutting and binding of the press output.
A great number of patents exist in the area of prepress. These include co-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,456,924 which describes method and apparatus for screen generation, co-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,853,709 which describes an internal drum laser plotter, and co-assigned U.S. application Ser. No. 044,428 which describes a color digital scanner.
Various processes in the production of printed matter are discussed in the following publications, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference:
Alfred Furler, Folding in Practice, in collaboration with STAHL GMBH & Co., 3rd Edition, Germany, 1983;
William Schreiber, Fundamentals of Electronic Imaging Systems, Springer-Verlag, N.Y., 1986;
R. K. Molla, Electronic Color Separation, R K Publications, 1988; and
Michael H. Brill (Ed.), Perceiving, Measuring and Using Color, SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 1250, Billingham, Wash., U.S.A., February 1990;
Robert A. Ulicheney, Digital Halftoning and Physical Reconstruction Function, Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA., USA, June 1986; and
Raymond Blair and Charles Shapiro (Eds.), The Lithographer's Manual, GATF, USA, 1980.
A state of the art printing press is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,936,211 to Pensavacchia et al. Pensavacchia et al mention printing apparatus which is intended to achieve complete computer control over the entire printing process, including plate generation, ink regulation and the start-up, print, hold, shut-down and clean-up stages of the actual printing operation. Pensavacchia et al also refer to a press including a workstation which allows an operator to input a representation of an original picture to be printed. The workstation may include a CRT display and internal memory for storing image data so that the impression to be printed may be previewed before printing and a keyboard via which the operator may key in instructions regarding the particular press run such as the number of copies to be printed or the number of colors in the printed copies. The workstation also is intended to allow complete control over the operating modes of the press including printing plate imaging, press startup procedure, ink flow regulation, dampening, print, pause and shutdown and clean-up sequences.
Computer technology has also been proposed for use in facilitating certain stages of the imposition process as described in European Published Patent Application 0309196, published Mar. 29, 1989, European Published Patent Application 0348908, published Jan. 3. 1990 and in U.K. Patent 2128843, published on May 2, 1984. U.S. Pat. No. 4,150,991 describes one type of optical imposition machine employing transparencies.


A system and method for controlling surveillance cameras is enclosed. In the system, a surveillance camera system includes surveillance cameras configured as VoIP server endpoints. The surveillance cameras receive messages from client devices such as mobile user devices and computer workstations functioning as VoIP client endpoints. The client devices establish a voice communications channel with the surveillance cameras for receiving and controlling one or more streams of image data sent by the surveillance camera over the voice communications channel to the client device. In a preferred embodiment, the voice communications channel includes a control session based on Session Information Protocol (SIP) and a data channel that is based on Real time transfer protocol (RTP). The data channel preferably operates in half duplex mode, which limits the potential for collisions on the data channel when the surveillance cameras are transmitting their image data to the client devices.

Surveillance camera systems using Internet protocol (IP) surveillance cameras have become increasingly common. These cameras utilize standard protocols over wired and/or wireless networks.
Image data captured by these cameras can be stored a No. of ways. Often the image data is sent for storage in possibly a local network video recording (NVR) system, which may also distribute the image data for display to users. Even more recently, surveillance cameras have been offered that include image data storage on the camera itself. The image data is then accessible by users by directly accessing the surveillance cameras.
In a typical example for accessing image data from an IP surveillance camera, a user interacts with an application on a user device such as a mobile phone. The application is typically browser or app based and enables the user to enter selection information such as the IP address of the surveillance camera as a destination IP address, username and password, and timeframe over which the image data was recorded. This information is then included in a request message, and sent over a surveillance camera network that includes the surveillance camera. In response, the IP surveillance camera either delivers a stream of the selected image data to the user device for real time display of the image data, or provides the image data for downloading to the user device.

System and method for controlling surveillance cameras


An improved method for eliminating reflections from artificial model boundaries encountered in finite-difference acoustic wave propagation computations is based on applying two different boundary conditions at the artificial boundary. In this method one boundary condition generates reflections having the same polarity as the incident acoustic wave, and the other boundary condition generates reflections with opposite polarity. To apply the improved method simply compute both boundary conditions on a small narrow region adjacent the artificial boundary on a separate set of grids and average the two solutions.

For many years seismic exploration for oil and gas has involved the use of a source of seismic energy and its reception by an array of seismic detectors, generally referred to as geophones. When used on land, the source of seismic energy can be a high explosive charge electrically detonated in a borehole located at a selected point on a terrain, or another energy source having capacity for delivering a series of impacts or mechanical vibrations to the earth's surface. The acoustic waves generated in the earth by these sources are transmitted back from strata boundaries and reach the surface of the earth at varying intervals of time, depending on the distance and the characteristics of the subsurface traversed. These returning waves are detected by the geophones, which function to transduce such acoustic waves into representative electrical signals. In use an array of geophones is generally laid out along a line to form a series of observation stations within a desired locality, the source injects acoustic signals into the earth, and the detected signals are recorded for later processing using digital computers where the data are generally quantized as digital sample points such that each sample point may be operated on individually. Accordingly, seismic field records are reduced to vertical and horizontal cross sections which approximate subsurface features. The geophone array is then moved along the line to a new position and the process repeated to provide a seismic survey. More recently seismic surveys involve geophones and sources laid out in generally rectangular grids covering an area of interest so as to expand areal coverage and enable construction of three dimensional (3D) views of reflector positions over wide areas.
As oil and gas production from known reservoirs and producing provinces declines, explorationists seek new areas in which to find hydrocarbons. Many of the new areas under exploration contain complex geological structures that are difficult to image with 2D techniques. Accordingly, 3D seismic processing has come into common use for mapping subterranean structures associated with oil and gas accumulations. Geophysics, however, are well aware that a 2D seismic record section or 3D view is not a true reflectivity from the earth, but is instead a transformation of the earth's reflectivity into a plane where each recorded event is located vertically beneath the source/receiver midpoint. Steep dip, curved surfaces, buried foci, faults and other discontinuities in subterranean structure each contribute their unique characteristics to the seismic record and, in complexly faulted and folded areas, make interpretation of the geological layering from the seismic record extremely difficult. Migration is the inverse transformation that carries the plane of recorded events into a true 3D reflectivity of the earth, thereby placing reflections from dipping beds in their correct location and collapsing diffractions.
Of the various available migration methods, wave-equation migration is considered to be superior because it is based on accurate propagation of seismic waves through complex models of the earth. Wave equation computations using numerical techniques have led to a procedure called reverse time migration. By this procedure, the wavefield recorded at the surface is imaged in depth using a model of earth velocities in a numerical solution of the wave-equation. The wavefield at the surface is used as a boundary condition for the numerical computations. Proceeding by inserting the data at the surface of a computational grid for each record time step, starting with the last recorded time sample, and ending with the first, the wavefield migrates to the position from which the reflections originated.
A wave equation model is represented by solutions of the second order partial differential scalar wave equation: ##EQU1## where the .gradient..sup.2 operator stands for ##EQU2## V is earth medium velocity, and .PHI. is the physical quantity measured: particle velocity, acceleration, displacement or pressure.
The scalar wave equation can also be written as a set of coupled first order partial differential equations: ##EQU3## Where P is the acoustic pressure, .orgate. is the particle displacement velocity, .rho. is the density of the medium, and c is the propagation speed of the medium.
A practical procedure for doing reverse time migration (RTM) is disclosed in a publication, Mufti, I. R., et al, "Finite-Difference Depth Migration of Exploration-Scale 3D Seismic Data," Geophysics, Vol. 61. No. 3 (May-June 1996), which is incorporated herein by reference. RTM, which requires enormous computer resources as compared to simpler or less accurate migration algorithms, has recently been applied to 3D seismic data. An improved image results from accuracy (dynamic as well as kinematic) of the finite-difference method over conventional normal-movement and raytracing based seismic imaging methods. In this RTM procedure a finite-difference earth model, which is based on the best estimate of subsurface velocities, is required. This involves dividing the model space into a large number of elementary grid blocks, and assigning a velocity value to each grid.
A common problem with the finite-difference migration method is that simulation of wave propagation in an extensive portion of the earth must be modeled with limited computer resources, i.e., mainly limited central RAM memory in the computer such that artificial boundaries are introduced to limit the computational size of the model. Accordingly, artificial boundaries that act as perfect reflectors are imposed by computer memory limitations, and if not properly handled cause unwanted reflection waveforms. These unwanted reflection waveforms may disrupt the image in complex ways and are not easily removed after the modeling and imaging processes are carried out. In two-dimensional modeling, several approaches have been derived which effectively reduce the amplitudes of these artificial boundary reflections so that they do not cause problems in the region of interest. In 3D simulation, however, the approaches effective in two dimensions are insufficient to reduce boundary reflections to an acceptable level. The basic computing requirements for successful 3D finite-difference acoustic wave equation computations include a large memory and a high-speed processor, however, an urgent need exists for a cost effective and straightforward method to reduce artificial boundary reflections in finite-difference 3D wave equation computations.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to eliminate reflections from artificial boundaries in 3D finite-difference acoustic wave equation computations for migration of seismic reflections.
A more specific object is to cancel artificial boundary reflections in computer implemented finite-difference calculations without significantly increasing computer memory capacity and/or computation time.
A still further object of this invention is to produce a computer program which generates high resolution images of seismic wave propagation.

Method and apparatus for migration by finite differences


A two-part, thermally curable epoxy composition comprising an epoxy resin; a curing agent prepared from a substituted pentafluoroantimonic acid and a substituted benzene having an amino substituent and an electron-withdrawing substituent on the benzene ring; a polyol; and a toughening agent. The compositions exhibit desirable green strength and pot life.

Epoxy compositions are well known in the industry for a variety of uses including structural adhesives. The compositions are typically classified as either one-part, in which the catalyst or curing agent is admixed with the rest of the ingredients, or two-part, in which the catalyst is kept separate from the epoxy composition and mixed only when the epoxy composition is to be used.
In certain applications it is desirable to increase the speed at which the epoxy composition reacts so that a "green strength" can be achieved when the composition is heated for a very short period of time. As used herein, the term "green strength" refers to the shear strength of an epoxy composition that has been partially cured, i.e., some, but not all of the epoxy groups are reacted. Upon further heating, the epoxy composition cures and reaches its ultimate strength wherein most of the epoxy groups are reacted. An example of such an application is in the automotive industry where steel surfaces are bonded together with epoxy adhesives by induction heating. The adhesive is fully cured by thermal heating at a subsequent time.
There have been various attempts to make compositions having the optimum balance of properties between structural adhesive strength, speed of cure, and pot life. However, it has been found that as the speed at which the curing reaction occurs increases, the pot life decreases for one-part compositions. Additionally, achieving complete reaction, i.e., wherein substantially all of the epoxide functional groups are consumed, may require longer cure times and/or higher temperatures.
Corley (U.S. Pat. No. 4,668,758) discloses an epoxy resin composition containing a cationic curing agent and a cure-retarding amount of a diarylamine.
Robins (U.S. Pat. No. 4,503,211) discloses the use of an epoxy resin curing agent comprising the liquid salt of a substituted pentafluoroantimonic acid and an aromatic amine selected from the group consisting of aniline and hindered amines including substituted anilines having an electron-donating substituent on the benzene ring.
Tarbutton et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 4,846,905) discloses thermally curable one-part epoxy compositions catalyzed by a liquid salt of a substituted pentafluoroantimonic acid and N,N-diethyl-o-toluidine.
Buck et al. (U.K. Pat. Spec. No. 963,058) discloses room temperature storable epoxy resin compositions with a curing agent provided by the amine salt of hydrofluoroboric acid.
For applications such as induction heating to bond steel surfaces, and especially to oily steel surfaces, it would be desirable to have an epoxy resin composition which has an extended pot life after mixing, but which will also develop green strength rapidly upon application of heat over a broad temperature range of about 50.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. The composition should also provide good structural adhesive properties for bonding as measured by lap shear and T-peel.

Substituted pentafluoroantmonic acid-substituted aniline epoxy curing catalysts

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company


Transmitting filesystem changes over a network is disclosed. A hash of data comprising a chunk of directory elements comprising one or more consecutive directory elements in a set of elements sorted in a canonical order is computed at a client system. One or more directory elements comprising the chunk are sent to a remote server in the event it is determined based at least in part on the computed hash that corresponding directory elements as stored on the remote server are not identical to the directory elements comprising the chunk as stored on the client system.

Techniques are known to synchronize a remote ("server") filesystem with a local ("client") filesystem across a network. The remote filesystem may be a near replica of the local filesystem; for instance, it may represent a recent backup of the local filesystem. To synchronize the remote filesystem with the local filesystem, for example to reflect any changes made to the local filesystem since a last synchronization, it is necessary to update the remote filesystem's structure, namespace, and metadata.
A typical "full" synchronization approach uses maximum network bandwidth but no additional local storage to synchronize the filesystem's structure, namespace, and metadata. The modification time ("mtime") and size of every file on the local filesystem is compared with the mtime and size of the file on the server. If the file does not exist or its mtime and/or size are different on the server, the client creates the file on the server and synchronizes the file content. The client also updates any other metadata (user ID ("UID"), group ID ("GID"), file permissions, etc.) associated with the file. Any files not specified by the client are deleted by the server. The popular utility "rsync" uses this approach.
A typical "incremental" synchronization approach uses less network bandwidth but some local storage. After a full synchronization, the client stores the current filesystem structure, namespace, and metadata in a "catalog" (typically a database). During an incremental synchronization, for every file, the client queries the catalog database first. If the file is not represented in the catalog or its mtime and/or size are different, the client creates the file on the server and synchronizes the file content. If the file is represented in the catalog and its mtime and size are the same, then its content is assumed to be unchanged, and the client just updates any other metadata associated with the file, if different than represented in the catalog. The client deletes any files on the server that are represented in the catalog but no longer exist on the local filesystem.
Another incremental approach uses about the same amount of network bandwidth but (usually) less local storage. Every operation on every file since the last backup is recorded in a filesystem "journal". To synchronize the remote filesystem, the journal is essentially played back like a recording. This eliminates the need to store the metadata for every file (since most files never change), but is more complicated and prone to synchronization error.


A regenerative fluid machine having guide vanes on a flow channel wall is disclosed. The regenerative fluid machine includes a circular plate-shaped impeller having a plurality of vanes radially formed on an outer circumference thereof at regular intervals, casings in which the impeller is housed, and flow channels, each of which has a suction hole and a discharge hole in opposite ends thereof, and which are circumferentially disposed within the casings so as to face the vanes. The plurality of guide vanes having an inclined angle (θ) with respect to a radial direction protrude from the flow channel wall in a rotational direction of the impeller so that a relative inflow angle (β) of the fluid introduced into the impeller grooves is increased and thus an absolute inflow angle (α) is decreased.

Generally, regenerative fluid machines have a simpler structure than typical centrifugal or axial-flow fluid machines, and have excellent durability as well as features appropriate to obtain a large head at a relatively small flow rate. Such regenerative fluid machines have been applied to vehicle fuel pumps, industrial high-pressure air blowers, or air blowers for fuel cells that requires high pressure, and research on decreasing size and increasing pumping efficiency has been conducted. In particular, regenerative fluid machines are known as ring blowers in the air blower field, and problems of such a conventional ring blower will be described.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view illustrating an example of a conventional ring blower, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an assembled state of FIG. 1. As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, a conventional ring blower has a structure in which a circular plate-shaped impeller 10 is installed in a pair of casings 20. The impeller 10 has a plurality of vanes 12 that are radially formed on outer circumferences of both faces thereof at regular intervals, and impeller grooves 14 are formed between the vanes 12. The impeller 10 is rotatably driven by a motor (not shown).
Further, ring-shaped flow channels 30 facing the impeller grooves 14 are provided inside the pair of casings 20, respectively. Each of the flow channels 30 forms a separate flow field. Alternatively, there is also a structure in which the impeller grooves 14 are formed only in one face of the impeller 10, and thus one flow channel 30 is provided. Furthermore, both ends of each flow channel 30 are provided with a suction hole 32 and a discharge hole 34.
In the ring blower having such a configuration, as the impeller 10 rotates, a gas is introduced through the suction holes 32 of the flow channels 30, and a high-pressure gas which circulates between the impeller grooves 14 and the flow channels 30 to accumulate energy is discharged through the discharge holes 34.
In order to improve performance of the regenerative fluid machine such as the ring blower, it is necessary to accurately understand a flow characteristic of the fluid to prevent pumping efficiency from being degraded due to energy loss. To this end, the concept of a relative velocity will be introduced, and the flow characteristic in the regenerative fluid machine will be examined.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for describing a flow characteristic of a fluid in flow channels and impeller grooves. A plurality of small arrows shown in FIG. 3 represent velocity vectors according to a flow of the fluid. Thus, as the impeller 10 rotates clockwise, a circulation flow is shown in which the fluid is introduced from the flow channels 30 into the impeller grooves 14, flows outside the impeller grooves 14, and returns to the flow channels 30 again. Such a circulation flow is repeatedly formed in the plurality of impeller grooves 14 and the flow channels 30, thereby increasing pressure of the fluid.
A large arrow shown in FIG. 3 briefly illustrates the circulation flow obtained by introducing the concept of the relative velocity. A symbol Va represents an absolute velocity of the fluid that is introduced from the flow channels 30 into the impeller grooves 14, and a symbol Vb represents a velocity of the impeller 10 that rotates clockwise. Furthermore, a symbol Vc represents a relative velocity of the fluid that is introduced into the impeller grooves 14 and on which relative rotation of the impeller 10 is reflected. In this case, the absolute velocity Va and the relative velocity Vc of the fluid have an absolute inflow angle α and a relative inflow angle β with respect to the velocity Vb of the impeller 10.
Meanwhile, as in FIG. 3, the relative inflow angle β of the fluid has a different vane angle than the impeller vanes 12. As such, this difference generates eddies in the impeller grooves 14. Accordingly, there is a problem in that energy loss caused by the eddies remarkably reduces the pumping efficiency of the regenerative fluid machine. In this case, it can be seen that, as the difference between the relative inflow angle β at which the fluid is introduced into the impeller grooves 14 and the vane angle of the vanes 12 increases, the energy loss caused by the eddies becomes greater.
Accordingly, the fluid is introduced into the impeller grooves 14 in a state in which the relative inflow angle β of the fluid is increased, in other words, in which a direction of the relative velocity Vc of the fluid is set to be parallel to the vanes 12. Thereby, the generation of the eddies can be minimized, and performance of the regenerative fluid machine can be improved.
However, improvement of the performance of the conventional regenerative fluid machine has mainly focused on improving shapes of the vanes 12 and the impeller grooves 14 in the impeller 10. For this reason, it is increasingly difficult to fabricate the shape of the impeller 10, and manufacturing costs are increased.
In addition, in the conventional regenerative fluid machine, since the impeller 10 is designed without properly conducting research on the flow characteristics of the fluid, the improvement of the performance of the regenerative fluid machine is limited.

Regenerative-type fluid machinery having a guide vane on a channel wall

KOREA INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY


A process is provided for the high throughput screening of binding of ligands to macromolecules using high resolution powder diffraction data including producing a first sample slurry of a selected polycrystalline macromolecule material and a solvent, producing a second sample slurry of a selected polycrystalline macromolecule material, one or more ligands and the solvent, obtaining a high resolution powder diffraction pattern on each of said first sample slurry and the second sample slurry, and, comparing the high resolution powder diffraction pattern of the first sample slurry and the high resolution powder diffraction pattern of the second sample slurry whereby a difference in the high resolution powder diffraction patterns of the first sample slurry and the second sample slurry provides a positive indication for the formation of a complex between the selected polycrystalline macromolecule material and at least one of the one or more ligands.

With the decoding of the human and other genomes, the paradigm of drug discovery is expected to change to one that is focused on molecular design for interaction with specific proteins. This new emphasis on proteomics will require experimental verification of the details of protein/ligand interactions under a wide variety of conditions. Current techniques either require formation of single crystals of sufficient quality of the protein/ligand complex for x-ray diffraction work or else interpretation of NMR spectra. This work is difficult as indicated by a cursory examination of the Protein Data Base that shows only about 10% of the entries involve protein/ligand complexes.
Present screening methods for protein-ligand interaction often involve either: (1) the selective displacement of a dye molecule by the ligand thus provoking a change in the optical spectrum; or (2) performance of detailed single crystal structure determinations on every potential protein-ligand complex to determine the presence or absence of the ligand molecule in the protein structure. The former method requires selection and development of a suitable dye that interacts with the protein in the same way a presumed ligand might interact. Dyes that interact in different ways will not show a clear and definitive test for a ligand binding in the active site of the protein. In the latter method, the fundamental requirements for the single crystal test involve the ability to produce quantities of suitable single crystals for the ligand binding tests and that the single crystal survives the formation of the protein-ligand complex. As these two requirements are frequently not fulfilled for a chosen protein target, a quicker, more robust method has been desirable for detecting or screening possible interactions between a selected target macromolecule or protein and a suite of possible small molecule ligands.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for process that can be used to detect or screen possible interactions between a selected target macromolecule or protein and a suite of possible small molecule ligands.

High throughput screening of ligand binding to macromolecules using high resolution powder diffraction


A finger support (204) for a drum conveyor (112), the drum conveyor (112) comprising an elongate drum (122) that is hollow and a plurality of fingers (124), wherein the plurality of fingers (124) are supported at one end within the elongate drum (122) and extend outward through apertures in a wall of the elongate drum (122), the finger support (204), the finger support (204) comprising a base plate (300) configured to be mounted on a surface of the elongate drum (122); a cover plate (304) fixed to the base plate (300); and a swivel member (302) disposed between the base plate (300) and a cover plate (304); wherein the swivel member (302) is constrained by the base plate (300) and the cover plate (304) to rotate with respect to the base plate (300) and the cover plate (304) about an axis (318).

Agricultural harvesting heads are devices that are carried to the field to sever a swath of crop plants from the ground and gather the severed crop plants together, either to be returned to the field in a windrow or to be conveyed into a crop harvesting machine.
In a typical arrangement, the crop material is severed by an elongate reciprocating knife that extends across the width of the agricultural harvesting head to sever the crop plants near their roots. The crop plants are then directed onto one or more lateral conveyors that carry them to a central region of the agricultural harvesting head. The cut crop material, now gathered together, is then conveyed rearward by means of one or more conveyors.
One arrangement used to convey the crops rearward is a rotating drum conveyor with protruding fingers. The protruding fingers engage the crop mat and pull it rearward underneath the rotating drum of the rotating drum conveyor. The fingers are attached to a stationary member about which the rotating drum rotates. The stationary member is inside the rotating drum and offset from the rotational axis of the rotating drum. The fingers are supported on bearings mounted on the stationary member and extend through holes in the drum and are a rotated by the drum as the drum is driven in rotation. Since the stationary member is offset, the fingers change their angle with respect to the surface of the rotating drum at the same time that they slide in and out of the drum.
The gap between the holes in the drum through which the fingers extend and the fingers themselves must be small in order to prevent crop material from becoming drawn into the rotating drum as the fingers retract into the rotating drum. In one prior art arrangement, the holes in the rotating drum support spherical plastic balls. These spherical plastic balls have a hole that passes through them that in turn supports the fingers as they slide in and out of the rotating drum. As the fingers change their angle with respect to the rotating drum, the spherical balls accommodate this changing angle by rotating with respect to the surface of the rotating drum (to which they are attached).
This arrangement is prone to wear. What is needed is an arrangement for supporting the fingers at the surface of the rotating drum that is less prone to wear. It is an object of this invention to provide such an arrangement.


There is provided a method of manufacturing a non-volatile memory device including: alternatively stacking a plurality of insulating layers and a plurality of conductive layers on a top surface of a substrate; forming an opening that exposes the top surface of the substrate and lateral surfaces of the insulating layers and the conductive layers; forming an anti-oxidation layer on at least the exposed lateral surfaces of the conductive layers; forming a gate dielectric layer on the anti-oxidation layer, the gate dielectric layer including a blocking layer, an electric charge storage layer, and a tunneling layer that are sequentially formed on the anti-oxidation layer; and forming a channel region on the tunneling layer.

The present disclosure relates to non-volatile memory devices and to manufacturing methods thereof and, more particularly, to non-volatile memory devices having a vertical structure and to methods of manufacturing such devices.
Electronic products have been miniaturized, while still requiring high capacity data processing. Thus, semiconductor memory devices having increased integration are in demand for use in these electronic products. As one method for enhancing integration of semiconductor memory devices, a non-volatile memory device having a vertical transistor structure, instead of a planar transistor structure, has been proposed.

Non-volatile memory devices and manufacturing methods thereof


An interchangeable optical module (1) for a microscopic or an endoscopic apparatus, in particular for a fluorescence microscope, includes at least one optical element (2), such as a beam-splitter (3), at least one beam path (B1, B2), in which the at least one optical element (2) is arranged, and at least one optical filter (5) which is arranged in the at least one beam path (B1, B2). A microscopic apparatus includes at least one receptacle for receiving at least one interchangeable optical module (1) as stated above. In order to allow different measurement techniques in one apparatus and to easily change the setup, it is intended that the optical module (1) further includes at least one refractive element (7) which is arranged in the at least one beam path (B1, B2).

Modern optical apparatuses such as microscopes or endoscopes, in particular fluorescence microscopes or endoscopes, make use of a variety of advanced optical technologies. However, these technologies differ strongly and require each a major adaptation of the microscopic or endoscopic apparatus. Even if using the same technology, but different optical properties, such as different spectral ranges, it may be difficult to apply these properties in the same optical instrument.

Interchangeable optical module and microscopic apparatus comprising same


A distributor includes a first member having a plurality of first through holes spaced apart from each other in the first direction, a second member having a first groove facing each of the plurality of first through holes, and a third member having at least one second groove facing at least one of the plurality of first through holes. The first groove extends in the first direction. The first space inside a groove is connected to a second space inside at least one second groove through a third space inside each of the plurality of first through holes. The third space is higher in flow path resistance than the first space and the second space.

There are a known horizontal distributor configured to distribute refrigerant to each of a plurality of heat transfer tubes disposed to extend in the up-down direction, and also a known vertical heat exchanger including the horizontal distributor and the plurality of heat transfer tubes. In the vertical heat exchanger, the plurality of heat transfer tubes are disposed to be spaced apart from each other in the first direction extending in the horizontal direction. The conventional horizontal distributor includes a circle pipeline extending in the first direction in order to distribute refrigerant to each of the plurality of heat transfer tubes.
Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-203506 discloses a heat exchanger including: a header formed of a double tube disposed such that the axis direction extends in the horizontal direction; and a flat tube disposed such that the long-side direction extends in the vertical direction.


Systems and methods for providing a user with a floating video of a subject are provided. The systems and methods generate a floating video by removing background pixels of a primary video using a background image/video, where the user records the primary video and the background image/video. The floating video may be generated on a recording device of the user and/or a remote server. Further, the user and/or the remote server may host the floating video.

The present exemplary embodiments relate generally to systems and methods for removing pixels. They find particular application in conjunction with producing universally formatted floating video that can be applied, with other components, to websites, web pages, social networking pages, emails and other social mediums. However, it is to be appreciated that the present exemplary embodiment is also amenable to other like applications.
A floating video is a video in which the background of the video is removed, thereby giving the foreground of the video the effect of floating. Generally, a subject of focus, such as an object or a person, demarcates between the background and the foreground of the video. Additionally, in certain instances, the floating video is overlaid on a new background. A common usage of floating video is in weather forecasts, wherein meteorologists present the weather in front of a weather map.
Traditional solutions for generating a floating video rely upon chroma key compositing in which a color (or a small color range) is removed from a video. However, these solutions depend upon a studio to professionally shoot the video in front of a "green screen" or a "blue screen" and to edit the video to remove the background. Naturally, such solutions tend to prove costly, whereby they're not readily available to the common person.
In view of the deficiencies noted above, there exists a need for improved systems and/or methods for bringing floating video to the masses. The present application contemplates such new and improved systems and/or methods which may be employed to mitigate the above-referenced problems and others.

System and method for personal floating video


The apparatus for producing a pulsing flow of fluids to a fluid line including a housing having first, second and third passages. The first passage communicates with a source of compressed gas and a first conduit, communicating with a solvent liquid source, and passes through the housing. A narrowed transverse dimension between the conduit and the inner chamber of the housing creates a pulsing delivery of fluids from the gas and liquid sources.

The present invention relates to a novel and useful apparatus for producing a pulsing flow of fluid to a fluid line from compressed air and liquid sources.
Heat exchangers include conduits along parallel paths that are widely employed for carrying cooling and heating fluids in the automotive, aviation, and marine systems. For example, such devices may include condensers, automatic transmission air coolers, engine oil air coolers, fuel coolers, heater cores, radiators, and air conditioning evaporators, and the like.
A problem exists with such heat exchangers in that they become partially or completely clogged and contaminated over time due to deposits of materials from the cooling fluids. The problem of contamination has often been extensive enough to require removal and replacement of heat exchanger equipment.
In the past, many of the methods for cleaning and unclogging fluid circuits, using strictly chemical means, has proven to be time consuming, ineffective, incomplete, and expensive. Also, the problem of collection and recovery of used cleaning fluids poses an environmental hazard and entails further expense.
In the past, a novel system for cleaning heat exchanger circuits was proposed in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,615,695. Although successful to a large degree, the system described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,615,695 is bulky and has a structure that makes it difficult to control of the flow of air at the air entry portion of such a system.
An efficient and compact apparatus for the production of a pulsing flow of liquid in order to clean a heat exchanger would be a notable advance in the mechanical arts.

Fluid pulse generator for cleaning passageways


A machine comprising: a lance, the lance configured to clean insides of tubes; a guide way positioned near the tubes; a transversal drive support slidable on the guide way and configured to move the lance along the guide way towards an insertion head; a rotational drive coupled to the lance for controlling rotation of the lance; and a feeding system coupled to the lance, wherein the guide way forms at least one supporting lance channel over a length of the guide way, the at least one channel forming an enclosure from all sides for guiding the lance, whereby a part on the circumference of the enclosure is made of a flexible lip, which lip can be locally bent by deflectors travelling with the lance.

When pushing rotating thin, long lances into heat exchanger tubes, they would buckle and risk damages if they were not supported in the radial direction. In a rigid, twin lance machine, a pair of parallel metal lances are driven by a transversal drive into and out of heat exchanger tubes. The lances are supported by a plurality of spaced apart, retractable door supports so that the transversal drive mechanism can approach the tube of the heat exchanger as closely as possible. A pair of rotational drive motors rotates the lances at a user controllable speed. As the lances are moved into the tubes, the interlocked support doors retract one at a time, sequentially, to prevent uncontrolled transverse movement of the transversal drive. Similarly, as the lances are withdrawn from the tubes, the support doors close one at a time in an interlocked fashion.
The pushing force onto the lances is conveyed via the rotational drive of the lances and as a result an important number of guiding elements is desirable to minimize the unsupported distance between the guide elements. Dealing with the various solutions for moving the guide elements out of the way of the rotational drive or pushing them together until they form a single block cause all sorts of maintenance and operational issues, which delay the actual tube cleaning process, while performing the cleaning project. Furthermore, there will always remain a certain free length between the guide blocks, which will allow a lance to buckle, when the guide blocks become knots for a rotating lance forming a wave.
Shortcomings mentioned here are only representative and are included simply to highlight that a need exists for improved lancing devices. Embodiments described herein address certain shortcomings but not necessarily each and every one described here or known in the art. Furthermore, embodiments described herein may present other benefits than, and be used in other applications than, those of the shortcomings described above.


A process for the production of a CED (cathodic electrodeposition) coating with improved adhesion towards subsequent layers by cathodic electrodeposition of a coating layer of a CED coating composition onto an electrically conductive substrate and thermal curing by baking in an indirectly heated circulating air oven operated with a proportion of fresh air in the circulating air of the oven of 0 to 20 vol. %, wherein the CED coating composition used contains at least one water-soluble metal nitrate corresponding to a quantity of 1 to 10 mmol of nitrate per 100 g of resin solids content, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of metals of atomic numbers 20 to 83, with the exception of chromium, arsenic, rubidium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, cadmium, antimony, caesium, osmium, iridium, platinum, mercury, thallium and lead, and wherein at most 50 area-% of the CED-coated substrate surface are rinsed with water prior to thermal curing.

CED coating is a well-known process for coating electrically conductive, in particular, metallic substrates, in particular, for the production of corrosion-protective primer layers on metallic substrates, such as, for example, automotive bodies.
In CED coating, the substrates are coated in a conventional CED coating bath (CED coating composition, CED coating agent, CED coating paint), and excess, inadequately adhering CED coating composition is then rinsed from the substrates back into the CED coating tank. To avoid an increase in the volume of the CED coating bath, the substrates are conventionally rinsed with ultrafiltrate obtained from the CED coating bath.
The ultrafiltrate is obtained by known methods and, in addition to water, contains, for example, low molecular constituents, neutralizing agents, solvents and dissolved salts from the CED coating bath.
Finally, the substrates can be rinsed with water.
After rinsing, the CED coating layers are thermally cured (cross-linked) by baking in large, directly or indirectly heated circulating air ovens. Directly heated circulating air ovens are heated by combustion of, for example, natural gas, the combustion waste gases entering the circulating air of the oven. In circulating air ovens indirectly heated by means of heat exchangers, no combustion waste gases enter the circulating air of the oven.
It has been observed in industrial practice that the adhesion of subsequent coating layers, in particular underbody sealant layers, applied onto baked CED coating layers is often inadequate if the CED precoating has been baked in indirectly heated circulating air ovens.
WO 01/40550 solves the problem of inadequate adhesion of subsequent coating layers by a process for the production of an electrodeposition coating layer with improved adhesion towards subsequent coating layers by electrodeposition of a coating layer of an electrodeposition coating composition onto an electrically conductive substrate and baking, wherein the electrodeposition coating composition used contains one or more water-insoluble organic nitrites and/or nitrates and baking proceeds in an indirectly heated circulating air oven.
Metal compounds, for example, specific metal salts, are used in CED coating compositions, in particular, as cross-linking catalysts and/or anti-corrosion additives. In particular, lead compounds, such as lead silicate, often also in combination with tin compounds, such as dibutyl tin oxide, have been used. More recently, lead-free CED coating compositions have become known. CED coating compositions containing bismuth compounds have acquired particular significance, as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,936,013, U.S. Pat. No. 5,554,700, U.S. Pat. No. 5,908,912, U.S. Pat. No. 6,174,422, U.S. Pat. No. 5,670,441, WO 96/10057, U.S. Pat. No. 5,972,189, WO 00/50522, U.S. Pat. No. 6,265,079, EP 1 041 125, WO 00/47642, WO 01/51570, U.S. Pat. No. 5,702,581 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,330,839.
Surprisingly, the solution to the problem disclosed in WO 01/40550 can equally well be achieved if, instead of the water-insoluble organic nitrites and/or nitrates disclosed therein, certain water-soluble metal nitrates are used as an additive in CED coating compositions and if a minimum proportion of the area of the substrate surface coated with a CED coating layer from the CED coating compositions is not rinsed with water prior to thermal curing.
Nitrate in anionic form cannot be deposited on the cathode; it is in particular also consequently surprising that the same effect as described in WO 01/40550 can be achieved.
Advantages are achieved not only in terms of the simpler handling of water-soluble metal nitrates in comparison with the handling of the water-insoluble organic nitrites and/or nitrates, but also in that a metal required as a formulation constituent can also be introduced into the CED coating composition by means of a single chemical compound, namely, a metal nitrate.

Process for producing coatings on electrically conductive substrates by cathodic electrodeposition coating


A sensor mounting bracket for attachment to a vehicle including a mast configured to support a sensor at a first end, a base pivotably connected to the mast at a second end, a shock absorber attached between the mast and the base, wherein the base is attached to a vehicle and the shock absorber predisposes the mast to either a deployed position or a stowed position.

In some instances, sensors must be mounted to vehicles. A mast is often required for mounting such devices to ensure that the vehicle itself does not interfere with the sensor. For example, in some agricultural spraying operations, wind speed and direction data must be collected from sensors spaced far enough away from the vehicle that the vehicle does not influence the data collected by the sensor.
For some ultrasonic wind sensors, the sensor must be a minimum distance (e.g., approximately 22 inches) away from the vehicle when in its deployed position. This distance can vary depending on the specifications of the sensor used. It is not desirable to keep the mast and sensor in the deployed position during transportation of the vehicle due to various height restrictions on roadways and underpasses. Additionally, during travel, the forces exerted on the sensor and the mast when in the deployed position may be detrimental to the mounted sensor. It is therefore desirable to have a sensor mount that can be stowed for travel yet easily deployed for data collection once the data collection site is reached.
Agricultural vehicles are often housed or stored inside buildings such as garages or sheds when not in use. Pulling these vehicles in and out of such buildings with a deployed mast could cause damage to the mast, the attached sensor, the vehicle, or the building. Therefore, it is desirable to have a mast that moves from the deployed position to the stowed position upon impact. Additionally or alternatively, having a mast that shears off to protect the mast, sensor, and vehicle in the event of such an impact would be desirable.
There is a need, therefore, for a mounting bracket that is easily positioned between a stowed position and a deployed position, and that protects the mast, attached sensor, and vehicle in the event of an impact when in the deployed position.


A flame retardant composition comprising:. (i) a linear polyethylene having a density equal to or less than 0.915 gram per cubic centimeter; PA1 (ii) a linear polyethylene having a density in the range of 0.916 to 0.925 gram per cubic centimeter, grafted with an unsaturated aliphatic diacid anhydride, said polyethylene being present in an amount of about 40 to about 400 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of component (i); and PA1 (iii) magnesium hydroxide, surface treated with an organic phosphate ester or a salt thereof in an amount of about 0.1 to about 4 parts by weight of ester per 100 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide, said magnesium hydroxide being present in an amount of about 90 to about 400 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of component (i).

A typical low voltage power cable is constructed of metal conductors insulated with a polymeric material. These elements are generally twisted to form a core and are protected by another polymeric sheath or jacket material. In certain cases, added protection is afforded by inserting a wrap between the core and the sheath.
In order to have the low voltage power cable approved by the Underwriters Laboratories, the insulation must pass a stringent test with regard to its long term "wet" electrical properties at an elevated temperature under a specified electrical stress, e.g., a temperature of 75.degree. C. at a stress of 600 volts per 15 or 45 mil layer. The term or period of time for immersion in water is a minimum of 12 weeks. The test is described in Underwriters Laboratories 83 (UL-83), Tenth Edition, revision dated Sep. 25, 1991, paragraphs 30.1 to 30.4.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that insulation meeting this severe test is decidedly more capable of successfully dealing with wet applications than those highly filled cables which have a tendency, when exposed to water, to increase charge species movement, i.e., conductivity, within the polymer structure thus lowering insulation resistance (IR). It is expected, however, that the cable will not only meet the UL-83 test, but the UL-44 requirements as well provided that the cable is crosslinked. Good flame retardance, low smoke, low corrosivity, and low toxicity add to the industrial requirements for low voltage power cable, which will be exposed to aggravated water conditions.

Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation


An image forming apparatus includes: a main body provided with a drive-force supplying part; a cartridge comprising a rotary body and a drive-force transmission part; and a moving member supporting the cartridge. The drive-force transmission part transmits a drive force transmitted from the drive-force supplying part to the rotary body. The moving member is accommodated in and withdrawn from the main body. The cartridge is attached to and detached from the moving member when moving member is withdrawn from the main body. The moving member includes a drive-force relay part having an input portion and an output portion, the input portion receiving the drive force from the drive-force supplying part, the output portion outputting the drive force from the input portion to the drive-force transmission part of the cartridge attached to the moving member.

A known tandem-type color printer includes a main body and a plurality of cartridges detachably mountable in the main body.
One of such conventional color printers includes a main body and a cartridge tray configured to be held in the main body to be slidable movable relative to the main body. In this color printer, the cartridge tray supports therein a plurality of cartridges juxtaposed to one another. That is, the plurality of cartridges is integrally and detachably mountable in the main body (see Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-165025).

Drive force transmission configuration for an image forming apparatus having cartridge


Systems and methods of selecting machine learning models/algorithms for a candidate dataset are disclosed. A computer system may access historical data of a set of algorithms applied to a set of benchmark datasets; select a first algorithm of the set of algorithms; apply the first algorithm to an input dataset to create a model of the input dataset; evaluate and store results of the applying; and add the first algorithm to a set of tried algorithms. The computer system may select a next algorithm of the algorithm set via submodular optimization based on the historical data and the set of tried algorithms; apply the next algorithm to the input dataset; capture a next result based on the applying; add the next result to update the set of tried algorithms; and repeat the submodular optimization. The procedure may continue until a termination condition is reached.

A variety of machine learning (ML) models may be used for various tasks, such as categorization and prediction. A panoply of possible ML algorithms may be used to generate these models, such as decision trees, support vector machines, Bayesian networks, and various combinations thereof. Choosing the best or even a "good enough" model to use for a particular application has largely been a matter of intuition, experience, and trial and error. This is partly a result of wide variability in the characteristics of input data sets.
The usual process of creating a machine learning model from a dataset includes training a first type of ML model that usually works well for a particular application, checking the performance of the first model (for example, on unseen-during-training holdout data), then trying a second ML model that usually works well to see if the second model performs better than the first model. This process may be repeated until a satisfactory level of performance of an ML model is achieved.
This somewhat haphazard approach to selecting ML models may cause overhead-related issues because there may be a relatively large number algorithms to be tested depending on the possible parameterizations of those algorithms. Therefore, attempting to execute each algorithm on a particular dataset may result in relatively large expenditures of time and/or computational resources.

Selection of machine learning algorithms


A photoluminescent safety accessory for attachment to walls, floors, stairs, handrails, ceilings or the like located along emergency egress routes. The accessory is comprised of a nonluminescent material and a photoluminescent material integrally formed with and molecularly bonded to the nonluminescent material, the luminous material becoming illuminated upon the extinguishing of the ambient light. A coextrusion system for integrally extruding the photoluminescent safety accessory is also disclosed.

Many buildings contain egress routes which can be immersed in darkness in the event of a fire or other emergency. In such a situation, individuals cannot locate the building exits because escape routes and emergency exits are no longer visible.
It has therefore been known and is desirable to provide buildings with illumination systems which identify escape routes in the event of an emergency. There are two general classes of systems available. The first is electrically-operated systems. These normally consist of a series of emergency lights powered by an emergency generator or by batteries. The second is photoluminescent systems. These normally consist of photoluminescent products placed on the walls, floors, stairwells and/or around the door frames of escape routes.
Some drawbacks of electrical systems are their expense and the fact that they require a power source, which can fail during an emergency. Furthermore, because of their expense they are typically only used at specific points along an escape route rather than along the entire route. Moreover, they are not continuous.
Another problem with existing systems is that they are usually located high on walls or on the floor. It would be advantageous if warning systems could have a low location on the walls, since people often drop to the floor in the case of fire or the like.
Photoluminescent materials are less expensive than the aforementioned electrical products or systems; therefore, they are economical enough to be used along, and therefore illuminate, the entire escape route. Such materials are easy to install and are relatively maintenance free. These materials contain a photolurninescent component which absorbs and stores sunlight and/or artificial light. The materials become photoluminescent, i.e. they glow in darkness, thereby identifying escape routes. One problem with many photoluminescent materials is that they are applied on-site to walls or floors. This creates considerable labor expense. Furthermore, the materials can wear off or be torn loose. Examples of such materials are photoluminescent tapes, paints and other products which are applied in a secondary process.
The expense of on-site application is eliminated if the photoluminescent materials are combined with a nonluminescent product in a factory and the combined product is installed on the egress route. In this case, the photoluminescent component, usually photoluminescent tape, is applied to another product, such as a molding, floor tile, stair tread or wall panel, in a secondary combining operation. The labor required to combine the photoluminescent component with the nonluminescent product, however, still adds considerable cost because a separate manufacturing step, i.e. the application of the photoluminescent material, must be undertaken. Additionally, the photoluminescent component can still wear off or be torn loose after the product has been installed.
It has been known to make photoluminescent vinyl sheet goods and tiles utilizing the calendaring method. This eliminates the step of applying photoluminescent tapes or coatings to the products in a secondary process. The molded products disclosed in the prior art, however, are not provided, nor could they be easily manufactured, in continuous strips. Additionally, the prior art discloses only molded products which are formed entirely from photoluminescent material. Also, the prior tiles are laminated, and the photoluminescence does not extend through the tile to its back. No products comprised of an integral combination of photoluminescent and nonluminescent materials are disclosed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,801,928 shows an egress detection system including at least three electroluminescent lamps in a linear arrangement and circuitry for sequentially illuminating the lamps. Each lamp contains two sets of indicators in the form of arrows pointing in opposite directions. The arrows pointing toward one exit are illuminated in the case of one sensed danger and the arrows pointing in the opposite direction are illuminated in response to a second sensed danger.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,401,050 discloses a continuous adhesive transparent sheet having discontinuous phosphorescent arrows or other indicia protruding therefrom. The indicia is either formed within or attached to the adhesive sheet. If the indicia is formed within the sheet, the phosphorescent material is added in a secondary combining operation.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,385,586 discloses a path-marking system employing a series of photoluminescent accessories. Each individual accessory has tactile characteristics of shape and surface contacts which, in combination, indicate direction and distance to the nearest evacuation exit.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,169,657 discloses a woven floor covering made with yarn dyed with rhodamine, a substance which fluoresces when exposed to ultraviolet light. Another embodiment discloses a woven floor covering printed with fluorescent or ultraviolet light-sensitive pigments. In another embodiment, a floor covering is painted with fluorescent paint.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,387,512 discloses a photoluminescent adhesive tape. The tape is provided with a layer of photoluminescent pigment which is protected from the atmosphere by a transparent film which does not interfere with the activation of the photoluminescent pigment on exposure to light.
The present invention improves upon the teachings of the prior art by providing a product comprised of a continuous strip of nonluminescent material coextruded with photoluminescent material to form an integral product in which the two materials are molecularly bonded.

Photoluminescent emergency egress accessory


In an absorbent article comprising a liquid-permeable topsheet, a liquid-impermeable backsheet, and an absorbent structure positioned between the topsheet and the backsheet, the absorbent structure includes an upper layer, a lower layer, and an elongate, absorbent core, which is formed from cellulosic fibers and from distributed particles of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) and which has an elongate, central portion with an absorbency under load (AUL) not less than about 12 grams/gram. The absorbent core has a front end, a back end, and two ears projecting from the elongate, central portion, near the front end with the superabsorbent polymer (SAP) at an upper surface in essentially no concentration and at each of the ears in a concentration that is about one half of the concentration along the elongate, central portion. Being formed from polyester, polyolefinic, cellulosic, conjugate, or mixed fibers, the upper layer is capable of absorbing some of a liquid permeating the upper layer from the topsheet and of transferring to the upper surface of the absorbent core some of the liquid permeating the upper layer from the topsheet. Having a basis weight not more than about 150 grams per square meter and an absorbency under load (AUL) not more than about 6 grams/gram, the lower layer has a minimal absorbency but is capable of transferring to a lower surface of the absorbent core a liquid permeating the lower layer from the absorbent core.

Commonly, an absorbent article, such as a disposable diaper or an adult incontinent garment, comprises a liquid-permeable topsheet, a liquid-impermeable backsheet, and an absorbent core formed from cellulosic fibers, which typically are comminuted softwood pulp fibers, and from distributed particles of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) with the absorbent core positioned between the topsheet and the backsheet. It is known to provide the absorbent article with one or more other layers formed from cellulosic fibers or other materials to perform various liquid-absorbing, liquid-distributing, and cushioning functions.
Thus, it is known to position an upper layer formed from cellulosic fibers between the topsheet and an upper surface of the absorbent core. The upper layer absorbs some of a liquid permeating the upper layer from the topsheet. Also, the upper layer transfers the rest of the liquid to the upper surface of the absorbent core, primarily through a wicking action. Such an upper layer positioned between the topsheet and the absorbent core is known also as a wicking layer, a transfer layer, or an acquisition layer.
Also, it is known to wrap the absorbent core of such an absorbent article with one or more layers formed from cellulosic fibers, such as one or more tissue layers. Generally, each wrapping layer is capable of absorbing a quantity of a liquid permeating such wrapping layer.
This invention has resulted from ongoing efforts to improve an absorbent article having a liquid-permeable topsheet, a liquid-impermeable backsheet, and an absorbent core, as discussed above, so as to enhance the liquid-storing efficiency of the absorbent core.

Absorbent article comprising topsheet, backsheet and absorbent core with liquid transferring layer near backsheet


A programmable proximity alert system for providing a sensory reminder to a parent when the exit the vicinity of a vehicle possibly containing their child. The programmable proximity alert system comprises a remote receiver adapted to sense the presence of a seat transmitter that it has been paired with and provide plural sensor alerts upon exiting from within a predetermined proximity of the seat transmitter, as well as a coding remote for initiating a bonding request that pairs a remote receiver and a seat transmitter.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to alarm indicators and, more particularly, to a programmable alert system that alerts a parent when they exit a predetermined proximity from a child in a car.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of proximity sensing equipment to detect or monitor the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact is well known. There remains a need for a programmable proximity alert system for use in a vehicle that informs a parent or caregiver (collectively herein, a "parent") when they may have left a baby or child (collectively herein, a "child") in the vehicle. It would be helpful if such a programmable proximity alert system was configured to generate plural sensory alerts whenever it exits the nominal range of a vehicle seat transmitter. It would be additionally desirable for such a programmable proximity alert system to utilize a discrete coding remote that facilitates the pairing of any number of remote receivers and seat transmitters so as to alleviate the need for a parent to switch out various remote receivers and seat transmitters depending on the parent accompanying the child or the vehicle used.
The Applicant's invention described herein provides for a programmable proximity alert system adapted to generate multiple sensor alerts whenever a parent exits a predetermined proximity from their vehicle. The primary components in Applicant's programmable proximity alert system are a remote receiver, seat transmitter, and a coding remote. When in operation, the programmable proximity alert system provides an automatic reminder to parents to get their child every time they move out the a close proximity to their vehicle. As a result, instances wherein a child or children are left in a vehicle by a negligent or absentminded parent can be avoided.

Programmable proximity alert system for child in vehicle