A device for processing an image signal that can improve an image quality of a zoom image, in which based on an input image signal, an image-signal-processing section produces an output image signal to display the zoom image with an expansion rate of an image being changed consecutively around an arbitrary center point specified by the user. Each pixel data of the output image signal is calculated by using coefficient data produced by a coefficient production circuit that produces the coefficient data based on not only phase information of each pixel but also resolution adjustment information and noise suppression degree adjustment information that the image quality adjustment information generation circuit generates based on the expansion rate of the image, a change rate (K) of the expansion rate of the image, and characteristics information of the image.

To convert an expansion rate of an image, it is necessary to obtain an output image signal by determining pixel data having a phase different from that of pixel data of an input image signal. In this case, by using an expansion rate of the post-conversion image, a phase relation of a pixel of the output image signal with respect to a pixel of the input image signal is determined uniquely.
Conventionally a method has been proposed by which when obtaining pixel data of an output image signal from pixel data of an input image signal in order to convert an expansion rate of an image, coefficient data for an estimate equation that corresponds to each phase of a pixel of the output image signal with respect to a pixel of the input image signal is stored in a memory beforehand and read to obtain pixel data of the output image signal based on the estimate equation using the coefficient data.
If an expansion rate of the post-conversion image is different, a different phase relation of the pixel of the output image signal is given with respect to the pixel of the input image signal. Therefore, in the method for storing the coefficient data for the estimate equation in the memory, to convert the expansion rate into various values, it is necessary to store items of coefficient data in accordance with these various values of the expansion rate in the memory. In such a case, therefore, it is necessary to provide a memory for storing a lot of items of coefficient data, thus leading to a problem of an expensive conversion device etc.
To solve this problem, the present applicant has earlier proposed a device that can produce coefficient data to be used in an estimate equation from coefficient seed data on the basis of phase information to eliminate a necessity of a memory for storing a lot of items of coefficient data to convert an expansion rate into various values (see Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2002-196737).
For example, by changing an expansion rate of an image consecutively, electronic zoom can be realized. This electronic zoom has had such problems that blur develops in an expanded still image as a whole, that transition from a still image to an expanded moving image encounters fold-back distortion, and that noise, if any, in an input image signal becomes conspicuous in an expanded image. Besides, if the expansion rate of the image changes rapidly in zooming, a processing range of the input image signal varies significantly over a period of time, thus causing a problem that no visually smooth zoom image can be obtained.

Device and method for processing image signal, program for performing the method, and computer-readable medium for recording the program


The present invention relates generally to a molecular framework having a cyclic structure. More particularly, the present invention provides cyclic proteins and derivatives thereof in which particular turns and other elements of the molecular structure are held in defined orientations with respect to each other. The cyclic proteins of the present invention provide a molecular framework for the introduction of particular amino acids or heterologous amino acid sequences to facilitate the presentation of biological activities associated with these heterologous amino acid sequences. The molecular framework of the present invention may be naturally cyclic or may be a cyclized derivative of a linear molecular or may be a linear derivative of a cyclized molecule. The present invention contemplates the use of the molecular framework with or without particular amino acids inserted or substituted thereon for the treatment of or prophylaxis of disease conditions in animals, mammals (including humans) and plants.

Reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that this prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in Australia or any other country.
Bibliographic details of the publications referred to by author in this specification are collected at the end of the description.
Proteins have been traditionally regarded as linear chains of amino acids which fold into a defined three-dimensional shape necessary to enable their biological function. In many proteins, the linear peptide backbone is cross-linked via disulfide bonds between cysteine residues but even in these cases, the three dimensional folds are generally topologically simple and are not knotted.
Certain plants of the Rubiaceae and Violaceae families provide small cyclic proteins in the order of approximately 30 amino acids. The cyclization involves an amide bond resulting in no identifiable N- or C-terminus in the molecule. Notable examples of these small cyclic molecules are the circulins (Gustafson et al, 1994), kalata B1 (Saether et al, 1995), cyclopsychotride (Witherup et al, 1994) and several molecules from the Violaceae family (Schopke et al, 1993; Claeson et al, 1998; Goransson et al, 1999).
These small cyclic proteins have diverse activities including anti-microbial properties, haemolytic activities and as uterotonic agents. However, the biological function of cyclic proteins in plants is largely unknown.
In work leading up to the present invention, the inventors have characterized a new family of cyclic proteins. The cyclic proteins exhibit conserved cysteine residues defining a structure referred to herein as a "cystine knot". This family includes both naturally occurring cyclic molecules and their linear derivatives as well as linear molecules which have undergone cyclization. These molecules are useful as molecular framework structures having enhanced stability over their linear counterparts.

Cyclic molecular framework and derivatives thereof


The invention relates to a web material comprising a carrier sheet, a continuous pragmatic sheet and an adhesive layer wherein the adhesive layer is between said carrier sheet and the pragmatic sheet, said adhesive layer more strongly adheres to the pragmatic sheet and the pragmatic sheet is narrower than the carrier sheet.

Pressure sensitive labels applied are applied to packages to build brand awareness, show the contents of the package, convey a quality message regarding the contents of a package and supply consumer information such as directions on product use, or an ingredient listing of the contents. Printing on the pressure sensitive label is typically applied directly to the package or a printed media, typically printed using gravure printing or flexography is applied to the package. The three types of information are typically applied to a pressure sensitive label are text, graphic and images. Prior art printed labels are typically die cut to remove pragmatic sheet and pressure sensitive adhesive in the areas that are not imaged. Rolls of imaged, die cut labels, which are free from adhesive at the edges, are provided to packing labeling operations. While the die cut imaged prior art labels are free from adhesive at the edges, the labels are also cut in the cross direction yielding a roll of discrete imaged labels.
Photographic materials have been known for use as prints for preserving memories for special events such as birthdays and vacations. They also have been utilized for large display materials utilized in advertising. These materials have been known as high quality products that are costly and somewhat delicate as they would be easily defaced by abrasion, water, or bending. Photographs are traditionally placed in frames, photo albums, and behind protective materials in view of their fragile and delicate nature, as well as their value. They are considered luxury items for the consumers to preserve a record of important events in their lives. They also have been considered as expensive display materials for advertising. In view of their status as luxury items, they have not been utilized in other areas of commerce.
Typically pressure sensitive labels are supplied with a carrier web material that allows the pressure sensitive label to be transported though the printing process and converting process while protecting the adhesive. Prior art carrier materials typically comprise a coated paper or a thin polymer carrier on to which a release coating is subsequently provided. Carrier materials typically utilized in the pressure sensitive label are not suitable for a photographic label. Problems such as photographic reactivity with the light sensitive layers, lack of stiffness of the carrier and edge penetration of processing chemistry into the paper used as a carrier prevent typical polymer and paper carriers from being utilized for photographic pressure sensitive labels.
Prior art ink printed labels that are applied to packages consist of a pragmatic sheet material, a pressure sensitive adhesive and a carrier. The label substrate consisting of the pragmatic sheet, pressure sensitive adhesive and carrier are typically laminated and then printed utilizing a variety of non photographic printing methods. After printing, the labels are generally protected by an over laminate material or a protective coating. The completed label consisting of a protection layer, printed information, pragmatic sheet, pressure sensitive adhesive and carrier material is applied to packages utilizing high speed labeling equipment. During the conversion of pressure sensitive web materials into labels, the pressure sensitive web materials consisting of a pragmatic sheet, carrier, pressure sensitive and release coating are printed in equipment that is center guided, that is the label web materials do not contact machine frames, guides or spacers. Repeated edge contact of pressure sensitive web materials against machine guides, for example, would likely result in adhesive transfer from the pressure sensitive web to the machine guide resulting in unwanted adhesive build up on the edge guide.
In order for light sensitive silver halide imaging layers to be utilized for pressure sensitive labels, the exposed pressure sensitive adhesive at the edges of light sensitive silver halide web materials must be significantly reduced so that the transfer of pressure sensitive adhesive to edge guide equipment typically found in photographic printers is eliminated. The transfer of pressure sensitive adhesive to edge guided photographic printers results is loss of printing efficiency, printing defects and web fracture.
During the manufacturing of color paper it is necessary to cut the material lengthwise prior to its exposure, to reach suitable size for customer use. The photographic paper is formed in long, wide sheets, then spooled into large rolls. These rolls must be slit to suitable widths in a very accurate manner. It is important that the slitting be performed without damage to the sensitive photographic materials that are on the paper substrate. Further, it is important that slitting be performed without creation of substantial dust which might lead to undesirable contamination of picture surfaces after development.
Generally the knives utilized for cutting photographic papers have been arrangements of circular knives on shafts, with the paper being fed between the shafts with knives. The circular knives are brought together such that they touch and overlap slightly at the edge. It is common for one knife to have a square edge called the female knife, and the other knife to be ground at some angle, this knife called a male knife. In this way, many strips can be simultaneously slit from a wide sheet. U.S. Pat. No. 5,365,821—Munier et al discloses such a cutting device. EP 0 737 552—Blandin also discloses a knife and anvil cutting device. U.S. Pat. No. 5,974,922 Camp et al discloses knife geometry to provide acceptable slit edge for photographic color paper.

Tack free edge for pressure sensitive adhesive web


A blade changing tool for use in a cutting device including a chuck table for holding a workpiece and a cutting device including a blade mount for rotatably supporting a cutting blade for cutting the workpiece held by the chuck table. The blade changing tool includes a C-shaped elastic cylindrical body including a cutout formed by cutting out a part of a circular cylinder, a holding groove formed on the inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical body at one end portion thereof and adapted to surround a circular hub of the cutting blade, and a grip portion adapted to be gripped by an operator for making a change from an inoperative condition where the circular hub of the cutting blade is surrounded by the inner circumference of the cylindrical body to an operative condition where the circular hub is held by the inner circumference of the cylindrical body.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a blade changing tool suitable for use in mounting a hub blade having a circular hub to a spindle of a cutting device or in demounting the hub blade from the spindle.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a dicing device or the like, a cutting blade having a thin cutting edge is mounted to a blade mount provided at the front end of a spindle, wherein the cutting blade is used to cut a silicon wafer on which ICs or LSIs are formed, a resin board, a glass plate, etc., thereby separating individual LSI chips or electronic devices. The cutting blade most used in the dicing device at present is called a hub blade, which is composed of a circular base having a circular hub and a cutting edge formed along the outer circumference of the circular base by electroforming of diamond abrasive grains. If a very brittle cutting blade having a thickness of about 20 to 30 μm is directly held by an operator's hand, there is a possibility that the cutting blade may be easily damaged. To cope with this problem, the cutting edge of the hub blade is formed along the outer circumference of the circular base having the circular hub to be held by the fingers.
However, there is a case that the circular hub of the circular base is narrow in width or the fingers are necessarily put on the circular hub near the cutting edge. As a result, there is a possibility that the cutting edge may be erroneously broken by the fingers or that the fingers may be erroneously cut by the cutting edge. Further, since the edge portion of the circular hub is sharp in shape, there is a possibility that the fingers firmly gripping the circular hub may be cut by the sharp edge portion of the circular hub. In view of these circumstances, there have been proposed various blade changing tools for changing a cutting blade. For example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-open No. Hei 7-3952 discloses a blade changing jig for easily changing a cutting blade mounted through a flange member to the front end of a spindle in a dicing device or the like.
The blade cutting jig disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-open No. Hei 7-3952 is specially designed for the replacement of a ringlike cutting blade (ring blade), and does not support a hub blade. In general, a blade changing jig (blade changing tool) configured by removing a magnet from the blade changing jig disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-open No. Hei 7-3952 is used in removing a hub blade or a flange with a hub.
This blade changing tool has a structure like a clothespin such that when a finger operated portion is nipped by the fingers, a blade holding portion is opened, whereas when a force applied to the finger operated portion is removed, the blade holding portion is closed by a spring to hold the blade. Accordingly, in the condition where the blade is held by the tool, a holding force cannot be applied to the tool, and there is a possibility that the blade holding portion may become unstable due to settling of the spring, for example. In addition, the degree of opening of the blade holding portion is not limited, so that there is a possibility that the tool may strike the blade in holding the blade, causing damage to the blade.


An eyeglass lens processing apparatus configured to form, on a peripheral edge of a lens, a bevel or a groove for fitting the lens to a frame of an eyeglass, includes: a data calculating unit for calculating data of the bevel or the groove to be formed on the peripheral edge of the lens based on frame shape data of the frame or demonstration lens shape data which is shape data of a demonstration lens having the bevel or the groove fitted to the shape of the frame; and a correction unit for approximating a front-side foot width, which is a width between a position of the bevel or the groove to be formed on the lens and a position of a front edge of the lens, to a target value by correcting the data of the bevel or the groove calculated by the data calculating unit.

The present disclosure relates to an eyeglass lens processing apparatus and a processing control data generating program for processing a peripheral edge of an eyeglass lens.
In the related art, various techniques have been proposed as a technique of calculating processing control data for forming a bevel or a groove in an eyeglass lens. For example, a bevel position setting device disclosed in JP-A-2006-142473 temporarily sets a position of a bevel by calculating a bevel curve based on a shape of an eyeglass frame. When the temporarily-set position of the bevel departs from an edge face of a lens, bevel data is calculated by changing the position of the bevel within an edge thickness. A technique of setting a position of a bevel or a groove to positions obtained by dividing the edge thickness at a predetermined ratio is also disclosed.

Eyeglass lens processing apparatus and processing control data generating program


A method and an apparatus for pushing specific content for a predetermined webpage, and a website server. The method for pushing specific content for text content on a predetermined webpage comprises: subjecting text content on a predetermined webpage to emotional analysis; determining a matching degree between a result of the emotional analysis and an emotion expressed by specific content to be pushed; and responding to that the matching degree determined above satisfies a predetermined condition, combining a part of the text content with the specific content to be pushed, thereby forming content to be pushed specific for users. By using the technology of the present invention, user can be avoided from feeling disgust for content to be pushed and accuracy of push can be enhanced.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for pushing specific content to a predetermined webpage as well as a website server, and more specifically, to pushing specific content to a webpage by emotional analysis of content on this webpage.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Nowadays, almost every website provides a function for user interaction. For example, various portals such as Sina.com, Sohu.com, and People.com.cn have provided user input interfaces for people to comment on messages, news or the like appearing on these portals. Another example is numerous social networks, such as Facebook, Kaixin, personal blog, and Weibo. People can share information with others and receive responses from others through such social networks as well, and thus interact with each other through a network.
Massive user input content is a valuable resource. In the prior art, pushing predetermined content based on user input already exists. However, the prior art adopts a basic form of pushing content. For example, existing push technology, generally, simply determines whether or not a specific word is used in the user input. If a specific word in user input is used, this technology simply pushes information that is prepared for this specific word in advance, no matter what the content of the user input is and what emotion it expresses. In other words, in the prior art, push technology adopts a way to focus on push content. However, this ignores, to a great extent, the content of the user input and the matching result between the push content and the content of the user input. As a result, it is likely that the pushed content is not what the user expects to receive and may even make the user feel dissatisfaction for such push content. Thus, using the existing push technology possibly results in decreased user satisfaction.

Pushing specific content to a predetermined webpage

International Business Machines Corporation


A flexible elongated combination shower curtain and liner hanger device with reinforced apertures in an upper region for hanging the hanger element from a shower rod by hooks. The lower region of the hanger device has loop strips on both sides for fastening of the shower curtain and the shower liner to a horizontal rod by hook strips on their upper edges. The hanger device can be clear or colored to match the color of the shower curtain and shower liner.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a combination of a shower curtain and a liner with upper hook strips fastened to a horizontal rod by a hanger device with loop strips on both sides. The hanger element has apertures for hooks for suspending the hanger device from the rod.
2. Description of the Related Art
There is a need for the elimination of the source of aggravation to a homeowner who must deal with torn apertures in shower curtains and shower liners which are suspended by hooks or rings from a horizontal rod in a bathroom shower stall. There is a need for a device which would enable persons with arthritic hands and arms to easily change or clean a shower curtain and liner. The user need not struggle or waste time to hang the hooks to change shower curtains and liners repeatedly. The present invention allows for easy cleaning of shower curtains and liners by the simplified removal. Also, the present invention provides for inexpensive liners which can be made disposable. The solution comprises a separate hanger device upon which the shower curtains and liners without apertures but with strips of cooperating hook material can attach to the loop material (e.g., VELCRO.TM.) strips of the hanger device of the present invention.
The related art of interest describes various holders for various curtains with hook and loop fasteners. The related art will be discussed in the order of perceived relevance to the present invention.
U.K. Patent Application No. 1,162,201 published on Aug. 20, 1969, for Joseph R. Wylde describes hook and loop means for attaching a curtain to a rail. An I-beam serves as a holder for a plastic U-shaped runner which may have rollers. One-inch square. woven fabric pieces with selvedges at its ends have an aperture at one end for hanging from a runner and a hook material on one side for attachment to the loop material configured as one or more strips or a plurality of squares secured to a curtain along with or on pleating strips. The modified curtains and rail may be used for hospitals where decoration of the curtain is unimportant. The hanging system of the publication is distinguished by its requirement for a rail and only one curtain.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,109,912 issued on May 5, 1992, to Leonard Gary describes a drapery system employing a standard C-shaped drapery rack housing which holds a drapery carrier having a spool-shaped head portion supporting a flat plate portion having hook material on one side and loop material on the other side. These fastening aids will attach to hook or loop patches on the top rear edge of the drapery. The drapery may have pockets for inserting the drapery carriers. The drapery system is distinguishable for its reliance on separate drapery carriers of a specific configuration.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,495,628 issued on Mar. 5, 1996, to Kim Logan describes a shower curtain having a selectively raisable lower portion by utilizing several horizontal rows of hook or loop patches on a shower curtain and a shower curtain liner. The curtains are suspended from a horizontal rod by ring fasteners. The shower curtains are distinguishable for placing the hook and loop patches at different locations for a different purpose.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,615,461 issued on Apr. 1, 1997, to Yutaka Tominaga et al. describes a hanging device for a pleated curtain having separated patches of female or looped fasteners on its top rear edge which mate with a plurality of curtain hanging fasteners. A fastener comprises a rectangular plate-like base member with a top hook. The base member has a critical arrangement on one face of male or hook fasteners which are molded with the plastic base. The hooks are formed in three groups with the hooks directed either downward or outward to resist disengagement. The hanging device is hooked onto a curtain runner with rollers traversing a C-section curtain rail. The hanging device is distinguishable based on its critical arrangement of hooks on the base member and the requirement for looped material pieces on the curtain.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,586,595 issued on Dec. 24, 1996, to Toshiaki Takizawa et al. describes a curtain attachment connector comprising a fastener member similar to that of Tominaga et al. except for the arrangement of the hook elements arranged in rows, columns or in a scattered array with the hook ends up. This curtain attachment connector is distinguishable for its requirement of only hooks on the fastener member.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,228,149 issued on Jul. 20, 1993, to Alex J. Phinn, Jr. describes a fastening means and method for a shower curtain employing hook and loop material for fastening only the side edge of the curtain to the wall of the shower stall. A disposable rule is supplied for positioning of the patches of fastening material to the wall which are spaced closer than the patches on the shower curtain to obtain a tensioning effect. The fastening system is distinguished by its use for attaching a side of a shower curtain to a shower stall wall, and the absence of a suggestion for attaching shower liners as well.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,148,580 issued on Sep. 22, 1992, to Dean W. Dyckow describes a shower curtain sealing and fastening arrangement kit. A strip of hook or loop material is attached to one side edge of a shower curtain to mate with another strip of loop or hook material on the shower stall wall. A sealing protrusion strip is also provided to apparently clamp the edge of the shower curtain. This arrangement is distinguishable for attaching only a side of the shower curtain to the wall, and the absence of a suggestion for attaching shower liners.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,651,407 issued on Jul. 29, 1997, to Hilda M. Perez describes looped shower curtain fasteners utilizing hook and loop fastening dots to attach to the top edge of a shower curtain. The loops are strengthened with a plastic strip and can be decorative with eyelet fasteners for artificial flowers. The fasteners are distinguished by the critical use of loops.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,196,511 issued on Jul. 27, 1965, to Mildred M. Kintner describes fastening draperies and curtains with U-shaped band-like members having upper apertures for traversing rod and felt pads at its ends for grasping the pleats of the drapery or curtain. Hook and loop material patches are utilized for fastening clothes, which use is distinguishable from the present invention.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,421,393 issued on Jun. 6, 1995, to Michael Wolfe describes a shower curtain edge stay by utilizing stiffened horizontal rib members disposed in the shower curtain adjacent to a lower vertical side edge and hook and loop tabs on the lower side edge to attach to a wall. Curtain magnets on the lower edge of the shower curtain are also employed to prevent inward curling. The curtain edge stay is distinguishable by its use of hook and loop material only on a lower edge of the shower curtain.
None of the above inventions and patents, taken either singularly or in combination, is seen to describe the instant invention as claimed. Thus, a hook and loop hanger for a shower curtain and a liner solving the aforementioned problems is desired.

Hook and loop hanger for shower curtain and liner


The invention includes a method and apparatus for treating, in particular cooling, a layer of bulk material by means of a stream of gas passed through it on a grate. The grate includes a plurality of elongated planks which extend in a conveying direction and are driven in advancing and return strokes in the conveying direction in such a manner that at least two adjacent planks are moved forward simultaneously and are moved back non-simultaneously. Since the material located on a plank which is being moved back is prevented from completely following the plank moving back by the friction generated with the material located above the adjacent planks or with the wall, the conveying effect in the conveying direction outweighs the conveying effect in the opposite direction.

It is known to treat a bed of bulk material with gas by conveying it continuously over a grate so that the gas flows through it. To cool combustion material, for example cement clinker, it is customary to use what are known as pusher grates, which comprise overlapping rows of, in alternation, stationary grate plates and grate plates which are moved forward and back in a conveying direction (DE-A 3 734 043). The grate plates are used to blow cooling air into the bed of material, and this air is discharged above the bed of material in order for the heat to be recovered. For economic operation, pusher grates require complex mounting of the moving parts and are also complex since they are composed of relatively small parts. Another known design of grate makes use of a stationary, air-permeable supporting base, over which the layer of material is moved by means of scrapers which are moved continuously in the conveying direction or by means of reciprocating pusher members (EP-A 718 578; DE-A 10018142). The scrapers or pusher members have to be guided moveably through the grate surface from below, which is a complex arrangement. Moreover, they are exposed to high levels of wear within the hot layer of material. The passage of air is impeded and the cooling action restricted in the region of the grate in which they and their driving and sealing members are located. Yet a further type of cooler (DE-A 101 13 516) uses a large-area grate which is moved forward and back in its entirety, the bed of material being held in place by a blocker plate arranged at the start of the grate during the return stroke, so that the grate can slide beneath the blocker plate. This has the drawback that the grate length which can be utilized is limited on account of the barrier formed by the blocking action.
Working on the basis of the above prior art, the invention is based on the object of providing a method and an apparatus for treating, in particular cooling, a layer of bulk material which rests on a grate and has a stream of gas passing through it, which promise a simple structure and simple operation as well as uniform treatment of material even with a considerable grate length.

Method and apparatus for treating a layer of bulk material


A drumming toy is provided as having a center drumming apparatus and a pair of side drumming apparatus. The center drumming apparatus includes movable drumming pads with switches that activate when the pads are pressed downwardly. The activation controls sounds. The side drumming apparatuses include controlled drumming hands that act like or connect with a side drum. The controlled drumming hands movements are directed by an integrated circuit which controls the movement to mimic the pressing of the pads.

Musical toys are well known. Toys that simulate musical instruments and playing instrumental sounds and notes are also known. However, there is a need to improve and provide different types of toys and a child finds is fun and enjoyable to play with.
Numerous other advantages and features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description of the invention and the embodiments thereof and from the accompanying drawings.


A system and method is provided in which a radio frequency transmitter and/or a microwave frequency transmitter applies radio and/or microwave frequency energy, respectively, to an imprinted material to cure the imprinted material. In some embodiments, an oven may be used to apply thermal energy to the imprinted material in conjunction with the radio and/or microwave frequency energy to cure the imprinted material. In other embodiments, an oven is not used. The imprinted material may also include a susceptor that absorbs radio and/or microwave frequency energy and responsive thereto emits thermal energy to aid in curing the imprinted material. Further, at least one susceptor may be located externally and adjacent to the imprinted material. The external susceptor may absorb radio and/or microwave frequency energy, respectively, and responsive thereto emits thermal energy towards the imprinted material to aid in curing the imprinted material.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the invention relate to the field of curing imprinted materials, and more particularly, to the use of radio frequency and microwave radiation in conjunction with convective thermal heating to expedite the curing of an imprinted material.
2. Description of Related Art
Imprinting is the technique by which a present is embossed or imprinted into another material, thereby creating a negative pattern on the material. Existing techniques for imprinting features onto materials and the subsequent curing of these imprinted materials by utilizing high temperature convective heating ovens are subject to several drawbacks.
For example, the use of high temperature convective heating requires a significant amount of energy to produce the required high temperatures to cure the imprinted material. Further, the cure time for the imprinted material is very long. Due to the large amount of energy required and the lengthy cure times, the cost to cure imprinted materials is relatively high.
Moreover, the high temperatures required to cure imprinted materials often leads to feature "washout" due to the low viscosity of the imprinted material at high temperatures. The term washout refers to the dilution of features (e.g. angles, depth, etc.) that occurs when an imprinted material is held at particular temperature ranges for extended periods of time. This is common is oven-based high temperature global curing in which imprinted materials are cured by being subjected to high temperatures for relatively long periods of time.
Washout is particularly problematic for imprinted materials that require the imprinting of connectivity features for such application as, for example, integrated circuits. These applications require stringent tolerances to ensure that required signal propagation standards are maintained in the finished integrated circuit.

Radio frequency and microwave radiation used in conjunction with convective thermal heating to expedite curing of an imprinted material


A negative voltage detection circuit including first and second MOS transistor circuits configured to change a dimension size of a transistor based on a control signal, a first comparator circuit, a gate electrode of the second MOS transistor circuit commonly coupled to the gate electrode of the first MOS transistor circuit forming a current mirror circuit, a resistive divider supplied with a negative voltage to be detected, and coupled to the end of the current path of the second MOS transistor circuit to generate a second voltage, a second voltage comparator circuit to compare the second voltage with a reference voltage and to generate a detection signal corresponding to the value of the negative voltage, and a detection circuit for detecting a temperature or power supply voltage, generate the control signal corresponding to the detection result, and supply the control signal to the first and second MOS transistor circuits.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a negative voltage detection circuit provided with a negative voltage boost circuit, and also relates to a semiconductor integrated circuit provided with the negative voltage detection circuit.
2. Description of the Related Art
In conventional types of negative voltage detection circuits, a negative voltage to be detected is applied to one end of a resistive divider, and a constant current is fed to the other end of the resistive divider to generate a detected voltage with a positive polarity. Then, the negative voltage is detected by comparing the detected voltage thus generated, with a reference voltage using a comparator. A mirror current may also be used as the constant current to be fed to the other end of the resistive divider. This mirror current is generated such that a current from a constant current source passes through a current mirror circuit. In addition, the reference voltage compared in the comparator is generated by a reference voltage generation circuit, such as a band gap reference (BGR) circuit which generates a reference voltage of approximately 1.25 V and depends on a temperature and power supply voltage only to a small extent. The reference voltage is then applied to an inverting input terminal of a comparator, and the output of the comparator is connected to the gate electrode of a MOS transistor. In the MOS transistor, one end of a current path is coupled to a power supply node, and a current is fed from the other end of the current path to a resistance, thereby generating a voltage. This voltage is then fed back to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator, and a reference current is thereby generated by controlling the gate electrode of the MOS transistor. This reference current then passes through the current mirror circuit to generate a mirror current, which is then applied to the other end of the resistive divider.
A current mirror circuit consists of a pair of P channel MOS transistors whose gate electrodes are commonly coupled to each other. In general, the drain current Ids of a MOS transistor decreases when the power supply voltage decreases. Additionally, the threshold value Vth and the drain current Ids also decrease when the temperature rises. Considering the possible variation between a pair of MOS transistors due to the manufacturing process, it is preferable to increase a voltage Vgs between the gate and the source of the P channel MOS transistor constituting the current mirror circuit.
However, in the conventional negative voltage detection circuit, the operating point of the P channel MOS transistor is fixed. Therefore, in the case where a variation exists between a pair of transistors, a change in temperature or power supply voltage can cause the mirror current to deviate, thereby causing a fluctuation in the detection level of a negative voltage. As such, the precision of conventional negative voltage detection circuits is influenced by either a fluctuation in power supply voltage or temperature.

Negative voltage detection circuit and semiconductor integrated circuit


Methods for isolating EG III cellulase component and enriched EG III cellulase in polyethylene glycol are disclosed. The methods comprise adding an inorganic salt and polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to 10,000 to an aqueous mixture of cellulase proteins under conditions to create a two-phase system. Next, the cellulase proteins other than EG III are separated in an EG III-poor aqueous phase while EG III cellulase component is retained in an EG III-rich polyethylene glycol phase. Lastly, the EG III component can be separated from the polyethylene glycol. The preferred method of separation is alcohol precipitation.

1. Field Of the Invention
The present invention is directed to methods for producing a polyethylene glycol solution containing substantially pure EG III cellulase component. In particular, the methods of the present invention are directed in part, to the separation of EG III cellulase component from an aqueous mixture of cellulase proteins containing EG III by the addition of a specified polyethylene glycol to the aqueous mixture to create a two-phase system containing an EG III-rich polyethylene glycol phase and an EG III-poor aqueous phase and separating the EG III-rich phase. The present invention is also directed in part to methods for preparing substantially pure EG III cellulase component by fractionation or by a combination of the above two methods. The present invention is also directed in part, to the enrichment of a xylanase polyethylene glycol phase from an aqueous mixture of cellulase proteins also containing xylanase.
2. State of the Art
Cellulases are known in the art as enzymes that hydrolyze cellulose (.beta.-1,4-glucan linkages) thereby resulting in the formation of glucose, cellobiose, cellooligosaccharides, and the like. While cellulases are produced (expressed) in fungi, bacteria and the like, cellulase produced by certain fungi and, in particular by the fungus class Trichoderma spp. (especially Trichoderma longibrachiatum), have been given the most attention because a complete cellulase system capable of degrading crystalline forms of cellulose is readily produced in large quantities via fermentation procedures.
In regard to the above, Schulein, "Methods in Enzymology", 160, 25, pages 234 et seq. (1988), disclose that complete fungal cellulase systems comprise several different enzyme classifications including those identified as exo-cellobiohydrolases (EC 184.108.40.206) ("CBH"), endoglucanases (EC 184.108.40.206) ("EG"), and .beta.-glucosidases (EC 188.8.131.52) ("BG"). The fungal cellulase classifications of CBH, EG and BG can be further expanded to include multiple components within each classification. For example, multiple CBHs and EGs have been isolated from a variety of fungal sources.
The complete cellulase system comprising CBH, EG and BG components is required t0 efficiently convert crystalline cellulose to glucose. Isolated components are far less effective, if at all, in hydrolyzing crystalline cellulose. Moreover, a synergistic relationship is observed between the cellulase components particularly if they are of different classification.
On the other hand, cellulases and components thereof, used either singularly or in combination, are also known in the art to be useful in detergent compositions. For example, endoglucanase components of fungal cellulases have been used for the purposes of enhancing the cleaning ability of detergent compositions, for use as a softening agent, and for use in improving the feel of cotton fabrics, and the like. However, there is a problem with using the EG I and EG II components derived from Trichoderma spp. and especially Trichoderma longibrachiatum in detergent compositions. Specifically, such components have their maximal activity at acidic pHs whereas most laundry detergent compositions are formulated for use at neutral or alkaline (pH >7 to about 10) conditions. While it is disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 07/668,640 that the use of one or more acidic endoglucanase components of Trichoderma longibrachiatum in detergent compositions will provide improvements in softening, color retention/restoration and feel to cotton-containing fabrics even when treated under alkaline conditions, it is disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 07/707,647 that the EG III component of Trichoderma spp. provides for superior and unexpected advantages in detergent compositions as compared to the EG I and EG II components of Trichoderma longibrachiatum.
Specifically, the EG III cellulase component has been found to possess significant enzymatic activity under alkaline conditions and is particularly suited for use in laundry conditions where a neutral or alkaline detergent wash medium is employed.
In addition to its use in laundry detergents, the substantially pure EG III cellulase component described herein can additionally be used in a pre-washing step in the appropriate solution at an intermediate pH where sufficient activity exists to provide desired improvements in color retention/restoration, softening and feel as disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 07/707,647 filed May 30, 1991 and incorporated herein by reference.
Also, it is contemplated that the substantially pure EG III cellulase component described herein can be used in home use as a stand alone composition suitable for restoring color to faded fabrics (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,738,682, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) as well as used in a spot-remover.
Additionally, it is further contemplated that the high activity under neutral to alkaline conditions of the EG III cellulase component would be beneficial in textile processes for treating cotton-containing fabrics (see U.S. Ser. Nos. 07/677,385 and 07/678,865 which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety) as well as in silage and/or composting processes.
In contrast to the above, this invention is directed to efficient processes for the separation and purification of the EG III cellulase component from aqueous enzyme mixtures, particularly from a complete fungal cellulase composition and particularly for commercial scale production of the EG III cellulase component.

Methods for isolating EG III cellulase component and EG III cellulase in polyethylene glycol using inorganic salt and polyethylene glycol


A multi-characteristic remeshing system that generates remeshed 3D graphical surfaces can include a compact geometric descriptive language (“CGDL”) conversion module, one or more geometric characteristic parsing modules, and a geometric computation module. The CGDL conversion module receives an input mesh for a 3D graphical object and CGDL source text that describes target characteristics of an output mesh of the 3D graphical object. Each geometric characteristic parsing module identifies inherent geometric characteristics of the input mesh, and generates a geometric characteristic map. The geometric characteristic map includes instructions to generate the output mesh with respective target characteristics. The instruction describes a relationship of the one or more inherent geometric characteristics with the respective target characteristic. The geometric computation module generates the output mesh with the target characteristics, based on the geometric characteristic maps from the geometric characteristic parsing modules.

A computer-implemented graphical environment may include virtual objects, which have appearances that are described by a surface mesh. In some cases, a surface mesh is a three-dimensional ("3D") triangle mesh, such as a mesh that has edges, vertices, or other data structures for describing an associated virtual object. Within the computer-implemented graphical environment, visual quality of an included virtual object may be determined based on how accurately the virtual object is described by an associated surface mesh. In addition, operational performance of the computer-implemented graphical environment may be determined based on efficient use of computing resources to generate the virtual object.
In some cases, a virtual object may be described by a surface mesh that is poorly suited for a particular computer-implemented graphical environment. For example, a virtual object with a high-quality graphical appearance may be computationally intensive, and may interfere with user activities within an example computer-implemented graphical environment. In addition, a virtual object with a lower-quality graphical appearance may be visually unpleasant to a user, or may disrupt a user's experience within the example computer-implemented graphical environment. Furthermore, a virtual object may be utilized within multiple computer-implemented graphical environments having different performance criteria, such that a surface mesh that is suitable for one environment may be inappropriate for another environment. In addition, remeshing a virtual object, such as by generating a surface mesh to describe different geometric characteristics for the virtual object, may be time-consuming and computationally expensive. For example, a person who designs virtual objects for computer-implemented graphical environments, such as a graphical designer, may utilize multiple single-purpose programs to modify a virtual object, each single-purpose program having functions to modify a particular subset of geometric characteristics for the virtual object. Computer-implemented graphical environments may benefit from multi-purpose surface remeshing techniques, which may simplify modifications for multiple geometric characteristics of a virtual object.

Multi-characteristic remeshing for graphical objects


A vehicular vision system includes a camera disposed at a vehicle and viewing exterior of the vehicle. A control has an image processor for processing frames of image data captured by the camera. The control receives vehicle motion data indicative of motion of the vehicle when the vehicle is moving. When the vehicle is moving, the control, responsive at least in part to image processing of multiple frames of captured image data, detects an object present exterior of the vehicle. The control, responsive at least in part to the received vehicle motion data and image processing of multiple frames of captured image data, determines motion of the detected object relative to the moving vehicle by (i) determining corresponding object points in at least two frames of captured image data and (ii) estimating object motion trajectory of the detected object based at least in part on the determined corresponding object points.

Use of imaging sensors in vehicle imaging systems is common and known. Examples of such known systems are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,949,331; 5,670,935 and/or 5,550,677, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. It is known to process captured image data to detect objects in the field of view of the vehicle camera or cameras. Typically, the structure of static objects is estimated via the use of moving cameras. However, in known formulations, as soon as the object starts to move, the estimation of the structure is typically erroneous and no longer valid.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Vehicular vision system with object detection


A method and apparatus for scheduling multiuser terminals in a communication system is provided. A receiver receives feedback information from a plurality of user terminals. A user grouping unit selects terminals having a maximum Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) among terminals having the same beam index and beam subset index, from among the plurality of user terminals, and generates terminal groups using the selected terminals, each terminal group including terminals having the same beam subset index. A group scheduling unit calculates a throughput of each of the terminal groups to determine which terminal group has the maximum throughput. A random precoding unit generates random beam vectors corresponding to terminals included in the terminal group determined to have the maximum throughput, and transmits data for user terminals, included in the terminal group determined to have the maximum throughput, over the generated random beam vectors.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for scheduling multiple users in a communication system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for scheduling multiple user terminals depending on partial channel information in a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) based communication system using multiple transmit/receive antennas.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a MIMO communication system including M transmit antennas, N receive antennas and K user terminals, when there is only a K=1 single user terminal, a multiplexing gain of the transmit antennas and the receive antennas is proportional to a minimum value min(M,N) between M and N. On the other hand, when there are K≧2 multiple user terminals, multiuser interference occurs between user terminals (hereinafter referred to as 'multiuser terminals') which are multiplexed with the transmit antennas. Therefore, a multiplexing gain is proportional to a minimum value min(M,K) between M and K. Thus, various methods have been proposed which perform multiplexing while canceling the multiuser interference between multiuser terminals.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a conventional configuration of a MIMO communication system.
Referring to FIG. 1, a base station 100 includes four transmit antennas 102 ˜108, and user terminal #1 110 through user terminal #4 116 that each include one receive antenna.
For example, for the transmit antenna 102, when one multiplexing channel is established with the user terminal #1 110, interference to the other user terminal #2 112 through terminal #4 116 occurs. Similarly, for each of the transmit antennas 102 ˜108, when one multiplexing channel is established to one associated user terminal, interference occurs to the remaining three user terminals except for the user terminal with which the multiplexing channel is established.
A Dirty Paper Coding (DPC) method has been proposed to cancel interference between a base station and user terminals in the MIMO communication system of FIG. 1. With the DPC method, optimal multiplexing is performed while canceling the multiuser interference between multiuser terminals using antenna channel information of all user terminals. However, it is difficult to apply the DPC method to a real-world system, since the system implementing the DPC method would need the antenna channel information of all of the user terminals.
Partial Channel State Information (PCSI) has been proposed to address the deficiencies of the DPC method. PCSI includes Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), best preceding vector index, etc. A random beamforming scheme based on PCSI selects users with a SINR greater than a threshold among a plurality of user terminals and transmits data thereto. The random beamforming scheme based on PCSI shows performance approximating that of the DPC method during multiplexing in the case where there is a large number of user terminals.
The PCSI scheme uses a plurality of random precoding vectors, the number of which corresponds to the number of transmit antennas. Specifically, a transmission signal of a base station is transmitted to a corresponding user terminal over a channel after being multiplied by a preceding signal. Each user terminal then calculates the SINR of a received channel to generate feedback information using an index of a preceding vector having the maximum SINR and an SINR of the preceding vector. The feedback information is then fed back to the base station. Thereafter, the base station, which has received the feedback information, selects, as multiuser terminals, a user terminal with the maximum SINR separately for each preceding vector. The base station then performs multiplexing using the selected multiuser terminals. In this case, if the number of users is insufficient, because the number of simultaneously transmitting users is equal to the number of transmit antennas, a multiplexing gain (throughput) is advantageously proportional to the number of transmit antennas of the terminal. However, the number of user terminals, which is needed to obtain a multiplexing gain proportional to the number of transmit antennas, exponentially increases with the number of transmit antennas. On the other hand, in a real-world environment where the number of user terminals is limited, because the number of multiuser terminals is equal to the number of transmit antennas, it is difficult to find a user terminal capable of avoiding inter-user interference. Therefore, an influence of the increase in interference increases with the number of multiuser terminals, causing a rare increase or an unexpected decrease in the throughput achieved by multiplexing.

Method and apparatus for scheduling multiple users in a communication system

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology


A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided. The apparatus receives one or more D2D broadcasts in a set of subchannels of a channel. In addition, the apparatus broadcasts in at least one subchannel of the channel information indicating a subset of the set of subchannels. The one or more D2D broadcasts may include a first set of broadcasts that includes control information and a second set of broadcasts that includes data traffic. The broadcasted information may be control information. The apparatus may determine a signal strength of each of the one or more D2D broadcasts received in the set of subchannels. The broadcasted information may further include the determined signal strength for each subchannel in the subset of the set of subchannels.

Field
The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly, to control signaling for enabling two-hop orthogonalization for device-to-device (D2D) broadcast communication.
Background
Wireless devices may select D2D broadcast resources and send D2D broadcast communication on the selected D2D broadcast resources. Methods and apparatuses are needed for reducing interference on the D2D broadcast resources.

Control signaling for enabling two-hop orthogonalization for device-to-device broadcasts


A patient support apparatus includes a support frame and a patient support deck operatively attached to the support frame. The patient support deck includes an adjacent pair of deck sections with a first one of the deck sections moveable between an initial configuration and a raised configuration. A gap covering deck section is slidingly engaged to a top surface of the first or second one of the adjacent deck sections and is pivotably coupled to either the other one of the deck sections or to the support frame, with the gap covering deck section configured to slide along the top surface in response to the movement of the first one of the deck sections so as to be at least partially disposed over a gap between the adjacent deck sections when the first one of the deck sections is in the raised configuration.

Patient support apparatuses, such as hospital beds, stretchers, cots, tables, wheelchairs, and chairs facilitate care of patients in a health care setting. Conventional patient support apparatuses comprise a base, a support frame upon which the patient is supported, a patient support deck operatively attached to the support frame, and actuators arranged to move sections of the patient support deck relative to the support frame. A mattress is typically included on the patient support deck.
It is sometimes desirable for the actuators to move, such as by articulation, one or more of the sections of the patient support deck to a predetermined maximum raised configuration to promote enhanced patient comfort. However, when one of the sections is moved relative to the next adjacent section, or when both sections are simultaneously moved, a gap between such adjacent sections may increase proportional to the relative amount of articulation. As the gap increases, the area beneath the mattress associated with this increasing gap is unsupported, which may result in the mattress and patient sagging into the gap.
A patient support apparatus designed to overcome one or more of the aforementioned challenges is desired.

Patient support apparatus having patient support deck and gap covering deck section


A structural joint is formed of a mandrel having a plurality of bumps and dimples formed thereon which is fitted into a sleeve. The bumps and dimples form a non-circular geometry at all points along the length of the mandrel. The bumps are defined by surfaces which have 1st and 2nd derivatives which are continuous.

Aerospace structures must have both high performance (i.e., structural stiffness and strength) and low mass. These demanding requirements inherently conflict, and are made even more challenging in that separate subcomponents often must be connected together to create larger structures. Ideally, interfaces or joints would also have the same high performance and low mass as the structural components that are being assembled. In addition, the forces and moments that are transferred across the joints are rarely uniaxial, and are quite commonly a combination of loads applied along different axes.
An example of a prior art structural joint is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 6,379,763 to Fillman. Fillman provides a joint having an elongate cylindrical body with smooth-edged, substantially sinusoidal undulations. The body is enveloped in a sleeve. In order to prevent rotation between the body and the sleeve, the smooth-edged, substantially sinusoidal undulations are interrupted with flats which engage with the sleeve.
Another example of a prior art structural joint is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 7,419,435 to Borges. Borges provides non-round geometries at the ends of the body with a flat neck between the non-round ends which provides a step geometric change along the length of the body. Each non-round cross-section is continuous in Borges, but the 2nd derivatives are not continuous for the axial curves.
Efficiency of a joint is maximized when the part-part load transfer is continuous along the length of the joint. Bolted, pinned and/or riveted joints have disproportionately high load transfer at the first axial row of fasteners. Glued joints transfer most of the load at the two ends of the joint. As discussed above, the prior art has geometric discontinuities (cusp or step geometric changes) which concentrate load transfer in a highly localized manner in the vicinity of the discontinuities.
A structural joint is provided herein which provides improvements to existing joints and which overcomes the disadvantages presented by the prior art. Other features and advantages will become apparent upon a reading of the attached specification, in combination with a study of the drawings.

Structural joint with multi-axis load carrying capability

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AS REPRESENTED BY THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION


Various methods and devices are provided for securing a walking beam compressor to a walking beam. In general, the walking beam compressor is a gas compressor unit that can be disposed around a piston rod extending from a walking beam of an oil well. The piston rod can be coupled to the walking beam by a securing mechanism that engages both the piston rod and the walking beam to prevent the piston rod from disengaging from the walking beam during rocking movement of the walking beam.

A common oil well pumping system includes a walking beam mounted upon a horizontally-axised, transverse pivot at the top of a Samson post. One end of the walking beam is connected to a pump rod and the other end is connected to the crank of a drive motor through a connecting rod. Rotation of the crank causes the walking beam to rock or oscillate in a vertical plane to raise and lower the pump rod. The rod-connected end of the walking beam is provided with the familiar "horse head" to keep the pump rod in alignment with the well axis. The opposite end of the walking beam carries a counterbalance weight to offset the weight of the pump rod and minimize the stress on the motor.
When pumping an oil well, both oil and gas may be produced and the capture of the gas is both profitable and better for the environment. Thus, an oil well pumping system can include a compressor unit mounted between the walking beam and a stationary part of the pumping unit for compressing the natural gas produced during the pumping of the oil. Such a compressor unit is called a walking beam compressor because it has a piston rod that is coupled to the walking beam. Rocking of the walking beam reciprocates the piston rod to effect intake and compression strokes. Over time, due to the reciprocating motion, the connection between the piston rod and the walking beam can weaken or break. This can cause two problems. First, as the piston rod loosens, the piston rod stroke length within the compressor changes. The additional stroke length can cause the piston to bottom out against the bottom of the compressor, damaging both the compressor and the piston assembly. Second, the piston rod will eventually become completely detached from the walking beam. This may cause the compressor and piston rod to fall away from the walking beam, resulting in costly damage and possibly a dangerous situation.
Accordingly, there is a need for methods and devices that can effectively secure a piston rod to a walking beam of an oil well pump.

Safety clamp for walking beam compressor


A laminated glazing is prepared by a providing an electroconductive layer on side 3, the sides of such a glazing being conventionally numbered from 1-4 starting from the outside of the glazing when mounted on a vehicle, towards the inside. The electroconductive layer is formed by powder deposition and pyrolysis to form a ITO layer on a glass pane, which is subsequently bent such that the surface bearing the ITO layer is convex. This glass is laminated with a glass of the same curvature, between which panes is sandwiched a plastic interlayer. On the side of the interlayer facing the electroconductive layer, current lead strips, in the form of metal tinsel, are provided, such that upon lamination, the metal lead strips are in electrical contact with the electroconductive layer and lead to a source of electricity. The resulting window is produced more simply, more reliably, and exhibits improved defogging.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains to a laminated glass with an electroconductive layer for automobiles or vehicles in general and more particularly windshields.
2. Background of the Prior Art
Glazings, generally made of two glass sheets combined with a transparent plastic interlayer of the polyvinylbutyral (PVB) type are well known. However, the electroconductive layer is almost always set on the internal side of the outer glass sheet, i.e. side 2, the sides of a bilayered laminated glass being conventionally numbered 1,2,3,4, starting from the outside of the glazing, that is to say the outside part when this glazing is mounted in a frame enclosing a vehicle, towards the inside.
Thus, the patent document EP 108616 of Donnelly Mirrors proposes a laminated glazing with two combined glass sheets having on side 2 an electroconductive layer of tin indium oxide (ITO) deposited by a vacuum technique.
The patent document U.S. Pat. No. 4,654,067 of Ford also proposes a similar type of windshield with the electroconductive layer located on side 2.
The same choice of side 2 is made in U.S. Pat. No. 2,944,296.
Other patent documents confirm the recurring choice of side 2 as a support for the electroconductive layer.
However, the patent document EP 192009 proposes to set the electroconductive layer, an ITO layer, on an outside part of the laminated glazing, i.e. side 1 or 4, in order to enable the thermal reduction treatment of the layer with a burner flame, a burner which would heat the ITO layer only, and not the glass and/or the PVB interlayer.
Apart from the last example, the recurring positioning of the layer on side 2 may be justified by the necessity to bend the glass after it has been coated. Moreover, in order to minimize the cracks and more generally the deterioration of the layer during the bending process, it should preferably be located on the concave rather than convex side of the glass. Otherwise, the layer would be put under extension, therefore increasing its risks of deterioration.
As an additional reason for selection of the recurring choice of side 2 for the electroconductive layer, one can point to the fact that it is extremely difficult to set a homogeneous layer by means of cathodic pulverization, with a plane cathode on a convex shape where the sides are in "shadow", rather than on a concave side, since side 2 on a windshield and a car in general is usually concave.
Moreover, in order to explain the recurring choice of side 2 for the electroconductive layer, one may have sought to facilitate the defrosting of a windshield by setting the said heating layer as close as possible to the surface to be defrosted.
However, if defrosting can be improved by positioning of the layer on side 2, this is not the case for defogging which is connected with side 4. Whereas defrosting only takes place at the starting of the car, standstill, or for a short period of time of about 3 min, and this only during certain days in wintertime, defogging is necessary all year long and most frequently when the car is running. As a consequence, defogging is not a minor function that can be overlooked. Furthermore, the defogging of a windshield internal side is generally difficult since the heating layer is located further away from the internal side to be defogged. This operation becomes even more difficult since the heating effects of the layer are decreased by the air streams on the windshield, i.e. the convective exchanges on the outside of the windshield increasing with the speed of the car.
Therefore defogging is very inefficient, if present at all when the vehicle is running and when the heating layer of the windshield is located on side 2. Even with a nonfogging windshield having a heating layer on side 2, additional means of defogging by air blowing (possibly not) have to be installed, which are both expensive and uncomfortable.
Furthermore, in case of breakage of the windshield by a stone, most of the time, only the external glass sheet of the windshield is damaged. Therefore, the conductive layer will also be damaged if located on side 2, that is to say the internal side of the broken glass sheet. The repairing of the windshield without dismantling, and be simply filling up the crack of the outside glass with a material similar to the glass index, will not repair the conductive layer. Most of the time, the deteriorated layer will still conduct electricity, but only in restricted areas and with a stronger intensity in these particular areas. This will lead to localized superheatings that may destroy the PVB plastic interlayer of the laminated glazing, making it non transparent locally and creating vision-disturbing defects incompatible with security.

Laminated glass with an electroconductive layer


A head rail for an adjustable roller shade has two tubes and an extension bar. Each one of the tubes is circular in section and has an adjustment slot and a fabric slot. The adjustment slot is longitudinally formed in a periphery of each one of the tubes. The extension bar is adjustably mounted in the tubes. The tubes are fastened on the extension bar with a short exposed portion of the extension bar to form a desired length of the head rail. Additionally, when the exposed portion of the extension bar is long, the head rail further has at least one connection sheath sleeved around the exposed portion to strengthen the head rail and prevent a shade fabric mounted in the fabric slot from being ruffled or twisted when the head rail is rotated.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a head rail for roller shade, and more particularly to a head rail having an adjustable length.
2. Description of the Related Art
Roller shades are common window coverings to provide privacy and regulate sunlight. A conventional roller shade has a flexible shade fabric windingly received on a head rail for raising and lowering the shade fabric by rotating the head rail. As such roller shade is quite structurally simple, people tend to purchase necessary parts to assemble a roller shade based on their own customized demand. To meet that particular demand, one critical consideration in choosing the assembling elements is that the length of the head rail must correspond to the width of the window to which the roller shade is to be mounted.
To facilitate the cutting of the head rail, the head rail is normally paper-made. Besides requiring an additional machine for cutting, another drawback of the paper-made head rail is that the head rail is often deflected at the center and when the head rail is long it inevitably cannot maintain its straightness due to the weight of the shade fabric. Such a drawback results in a crooked roller shade being unsightly, falling short in its blocking function, and subject to collapse. Moreover, a head rail that is not cut in accordance with the exact mounting condition is irrecoverable and fails the entire mounting of a roller shade.

Head rail for an adjustable roller shade


A computer-implemented method includes accessing documentation and classifying the documentation. The method includes associating the documentation with symbols in a source code index of an integrated development environment. The symbols are of a code base. The method also includes creating annotations to the code base linking the documentation to the symbols associated therewith. A computer program product for an enriched integrated development environment includes a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith. The program instructions are executable by a computer. The program instructions cause the computer to perform the foregoing method. A system includes a processor and logic integrated with the processor, executable by the processor, or integrated with and executable by the processor. The logic is configured to perform the foregoing method.

The present invention relates to integrated development environments and artificial intelligence, and more specifically, this invention relates to content management in integrated development environments.
An organization may generate documentation corresponding to various projects including source code, design documents, conversations, user documentation, emails, patents, etc. Project documentation may also span various forms of media including source code repositories, design documents written in wiki and/or word documents, user documents written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) stored on servers, audio and/or visual recordings of notes, etc. Maintaining consistency throughout documentation relating to a project is important for efficient development and/or implementation of the project.

Enriched integrated development environments


Gear wheel and method for reducing vibrations transmitted by a rotating shaft. The gear wheel includes an inner part, which is connectable to a cause of vibration, a connection element and a ring gear. The connection element is structured and arranged to reduce vibrations.

1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the invention relate to a gear wheel and in particular a gear wheel which includes several components. The gear wheel according to embodiments of the invention can be used particularly advantageously in connection with stepper motors on satellites. However, use of the gear wheel is not limited to this field of application, but can be used advantageously in any arrangement or assembly in which the influence of vibrations, in particular micro-vibrations, should or has to be reduced or minimized.
2. Discussion of Background Information
With the use of stepper motors in arrangements or assemblies, micro-vibrations (micro jitter) are caused by the cogging torque of the rotor. These micro-vibrations are transmitted to the structural parts of the arrangement or the assembly. This leads for example to disturbances in the arrangement or assembly in particular in the instruments thereof or to directing errors. The micro-vibrations are produced for example by permanent magnets in the rotating part of the motor and transmitted as accelerations via the gear wheel to the arrangement or assembly.


An apparatus includes a housing, an adjustment member, and a microneedle. The housing can be coupled to a medicament container, and includes a hub surface that can contact a target surface. The adjustment member is within the housing and separates an inner volume of the housing into a first chamber and a second chamber. The first chamber is fluidically coupled with the medicament container. The adjustment member, which is coupled to the microneedle, can transition between a first configuration and a second configuration. A proximal end portion of the microneedle is fluidically coupled to the first chamber such that a substance can be conveyed from the medicament container through the microneedle. A distal tip of the microneedle extends from the hub surface by a first distance when the adjustment member is in the first configuration, and by a second distance when the adjustment member is in the second configuration.

The embodiments described herein relate generally to the field of ophthalmic therapies and more particularly to ocular injection devices for delivery and/or removal of a substance, such as a fluid therapeutic agent, into and/or from ocular tissues for treatment of the eye.
Although needles are used in transdermal and intraocular drug delivery, there remains a need for improved microneedle devices and methods, particularly for delivery of substances (e.g., drugs) into the posterior region of the eye. Many inflammatory and proliferative diseases in the posterior region (or other regions) of the eye require long-term pharmacological treatment. Examples of such diseases include macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis. It is often difficult to deliver effective doses of a drug to the back of the eye using conventional delivery methods such as topical application or an intravitreal administration (IVT), which has poor efficacy, and systemic administration, which often causes significant side effects. For example, while eye drops are useful in treating conditions affecting the exterior surface of the eye or tissues at the front of the eye, the eye drops are often not sufficiently conveyed to the back of the eye, as may be required for the treatment of some of the retinal diseases listed above.
Although there have been advances in the past decade regarding the utilization of systemically delivered substances, there are obstacles to wide spread adoption of such methods. For example, in certain situations, direct injection into the eye (e.g., into the vitreous) using conventional 27 gauge or 30 gauge needles and syringes can be effective. Direct injection, however, can be associated with significant safety risks, and physicians often require professional training to effectively perform such methods. Moreover, in some instances, targeted injection of a therapeutic agent is desirable. In such instances, however, the relatively small anatomic structures of the eye often result in significant challenges to placing a needle at a target location using known devices and methods, especially as they pertain to placing the distal end of the needle at the desired depth within the eye. Furthermore, IVT administration can have side effects such as increased intraocular pressure or faster onset of cataract formation.
Some known devices for ocular injection do not provide the mechanism for adjusting needle length so that the needle can be inserted into the eye to the desired depth. Some known systems also do not provide an efficient and reliable mechanism for determining when the needle tip is in the desired location, for example, the suprachoroidal space (SCS) of the eye. For example, some known methods of injecting substances into ocular tissue include using complicated visualization system or sensors to control the placement of the needle or cannula within the eye, which can necessitate such methods being performed at a surgical center.
Moreover, such shortcomings in known systems and methods are exacerbated because the size and thickness of various layers included in the eye can vary substantially from one person to another. For example, the thickness of the conjunctiva and the sclera can be substantially different and their true value cannot easily be predetermined via standard techniques. Furthermore, the thickness of these layers can also be different in different portions of the eye and at different times of the day in the same eye and location. Therefore, using known systems and methods it can be challenging to determine and/or adjust the length of the needle for puncturing the eye, such that a tip of the needle is at the desired depth, for example, the SCS. If the inserted needle length is too short, penetration through the sclera may not be achieved. Conversely, if the inserted needle length is too long, the tip can traverse beyond the SCS and damage the retina of the eye. Further, known systems do not provide a convenient way to detect the position of the needle tip within the eye.
In addition to the issues associated with placing the needle tip in the desired location, injection of a drug into different target layers of the eye can cause variability in the amount of the force required for insertion of the needle and/or injection of the medicament. Different layers of the eye can have different densities. For example, the sclera generally has a higher density (or lower tissue porosity) than the conjunctiva or the SCS. Differences in the density of the target region or layer can produce different backpressure resisting the distal movement of the needle into the tissue and also resisting the flow of the medicament from the needle exit. Thus, injection into a relatively dense ocular material such as sclera requires more motive pressure to expel the medicament from the needle than is required when injecting a medicament into the SCS. In addition to overcoming the resistance of the bodily tissue, the resistance (i.e., frictional losses) of the injection system must also be overcome for successful repeatable drug delivery. Thus, the injection force to expel the medicament also depends on the density and viscosity of the liquid medicament, the length of the needle, and/or the diameter of the needle. To inject certain medicaments into the eye via desired needles (e.g., 27 gauge, 30 gauge, or even smaller) can require more force than many practitioners are comfortable (or capable of) applying.
Thus, a need exists for improved injection devices and methods, which can assist in facilitating injection of a viscous medicament into ocular tissue.

Devices and methods for adjusting the insertion depth of a needle for medicament delivery


The present invention relates to a sterilizing device (1), comprising at least one chamber (2) for sterilizing products (4), a primary fluid circuit (3) connected to the chamber (2) for providing hot water and/or hot steam to the chamber, a secondary fluid circuit (8) for heating and/or cooling the primary fluid circuit (3), wherein the secondary fluid circuit (8) is connected to the primary fluid circuit (3) by means of a second heat exchanger (5), and a stratified storage tank (11) in the secondary fluid circuit (8) having a plurality of temperature zones (12), wherein the temperature zones (12) can be separately charged with and discharged of the fluid of the secondary fluid circuit (8).

The present invention relates to a device and a method for sterilizing products with hot water and/or hot steam.
The terminal sterilization, in particular hot water spraying, is generally carried out on a relatively large scale, for example with volumes of over 5 m3, in order to be able to sterilize a quantity of products per run which is as large as possible. The run time can be influenced by means of the quantity of available media, the size of the heat exchangers and the obtainable temperature of the heating or cooling media. The design of these components is in turn not only dependent on the loading density, the product and the required process time but also on the size and mass of the sterilizer which has to be consecutively heated or cooled. A very large energy consumption is associated with the continuous cooling and heating of the sterilizing device.

Sterilizing device and sterilization method having energy recovery


Provided is a circuit element that includes paired inert electrodes, and a switch layer provided between the paired inert electrodes, that functions as a selection element and a storage element as a single layer, and having a differential negative resistance region in a current-voltage characteristic.

In recent years, a further increase in capacity has been required for nonvolatile memories used for a data storage and the like.
In order to achieve an increase in capacity of nonvolatile memories, a "cross point type memory cell array" structure in which memory cells which are unit elements that store data are miniaturized, and a larger number of them are tessellated on the substrate surface, a "stacked type memory cell array" structure in which a plurality of memory cells are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, or the like has been proposed, for example.
In addition, in the "cross point type memory cell array" structure, of a storage element and a selection element included in a memory cell, an attempt to further miniaturize the memory cell is being studied by omitting the selection element.
For example, Patent Literature 1 below discloses a cross point memory including a p-i-n type semiconductor diode having a vertical orientation arranged between conductors and not including a selection element. The cross point memory disclosed in Patent Literature 1 alters characteristics of the semiconductor diode by applying a programming voltage to store information.

Circuit element, storage device, electronic equipment, method of writing information into circuit element, and method of reading information from circuit element


A unitary hollow device adapted for covering a source of lightwave energy, apparatus comprising the combination of such device and such energy source, and a system comprised of a combination of the apparatus and a portable directional receiver. The energy source can be as simple as one or more light bulbs. However preferably the combination involves use of an array of light emitting diodes for transmitting infrared signals from fixed installations to be picked up by print-disabled persons with hand-held receivers which convert the signals to intelligible communication to enable the persons to be guided to desired locations. The device protects the energy source from accumulation of dust and other debris yet is configured to provide little, if any, interference with the transmission of the emitted signals. The device also conceals the energy source to thereby diminish theft and vandalism.

Until relatively recently, persons who are blind, have low vision or are learning disabled or otherwise print handicapped are denied access and orientation that the general population takes for granted in every day life. Finding their way is a challenging event often ending with asking strangers' help. Whether getting on the right bus, finding a restroom or a telephone, determining directions to elevators or exits, crossing streets or understanding directories in public places, these populations are placed at a great disadvantage and often in danger. Directional "wayfinding" devices have not existed to provide them the ability to "read and see" remote signs.
In recent years an information and wayfinding system has been developed for assisting blind, low-visioned and otherwise print-handicapped individuals. The system, marketed under the trademark Talking Signs.RTM., consists of infrared transmitters and receivers. Transmitters are placed on key signs in the environment which continually transmit the message of the sign. The receiver is carried by the person who activates it when direction or information is desired.
Transmitters of lightwave signals, especially infrared signals, such as used in the Talking Signs.RTM. system referred to above, must effectively deliver a frequency modulated infrared signal (preferably continuous) having a unique set of characteristics so that the signal can be sensed by a portable, hand-held receiver which in turn converts the signal into intelligible communication for the person carrying the receiver. For example, the transmitters may comprise an array of single or multi-channel emitters each of which delivers the frequency modulated infrared signal in the pattern of a cone having a beam width in the range of about 10.degree. to about 50.degree. at a modulated frequency of about 25 KHz with band width in the range of about 3 to about 6 KHz and having an infrared carrier frequency in the range of about 850 to about 950 nanometers. At the same time the transmitter system must be suitably covered to protect the system against excessive accumulation in the system of dust or other debris, and to minimize or deter vandalism, theft, breakage or other activities that would interfere with proper performance of the transmitter system.

Hollow covering device for lightwave or radiant energy systems


Provided is a control device including: an imaging control section that controls imaging in an imaging device; and a detecting section that detects a photographic subject on a basis of a first captured image in which a detection region set at a part within a field angle of the imaging device has been imaged. The imaging control section makes the imaging device perform imaging of the detection region or imaging of an acquisition region set within the field angle of the imaging device, and in a case where the photographic subject has been detected on a basis of the first captured image, the imaging control section makes the imaging device perform imaging of the acquisition region.

A technology to image images for different uses with one imaging device has been developed. As a technology that images "a vehicle detection image being a low resolution image in which at least any of rows and columns have been thinned out" and "a car number recognition image being a high resolution image in which none has been thinned out" by switching them by one CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) cameral, for example, a technology described in the following Patent Literature 1 is cited.

Control device, control method, and program


A method of plasma-processing which includes the step of plasma-processing a matter mounted on a component in a plasma processing vessel by using plasma gases, and the step of introducing an inactive gas into the plasma processing vessel when no plasma process is conducted in the vessel and gases resulted from the previous plasma process remain therein.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a plasma processing method.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the case of a plasma process device such as the plasma etching device, upper and lower electrodes are opposed to each other in a plasma processing vessel. A matter to be processed is mounted on the top of the lower electrode. Etching gases are introduced into the plasma processing vessel and RF power is applied between the upper and the lower electrode. As a result, a plasma of the etching gases is excited. Chemical etching is applied to the matter by radicals created in the plasma while applying physical etching to the matter by ions created in the plasma and accelerated by electric field between the upper and the lower electrode.
In order to maintain good etching characteristics in this case, the lower electrode on which the matter is mounted is cooled by liquid He, for example, and the temperature of the matter is thus definitely controlled certain.
Further, the plasma processing vessel is being held under vacuum over a time period from the finish of the plasma etching process to the start of a next plasma etching process. The plasma processing vessel which has been thus held under vacuum to a certain extent is made ready for the next plasma etching process.
Even in the case of this plasma etching device, the etching gases are decomposed to a deposition when they are transformed to plasma. Just after the plasma etching process is finished and the process of placing the plasma processing vessel under vacuum is started, a flow of gas is created in the plasma processing vessel due to the evacuation of the vessel. The deposition is thus exhausted along this flow of gas from the plasma processing vessel.
After the plasma processing vessel has been evacuated to a certain extent, however, the flow of gas is ended. As a result, the deposition is left floating in the plasma processing vessel.
The deposition floating in the plasma processing vessel is gasified by that component which is cooled in the vessel. The deposition adheres to the component in this case. Particularly after the plasma process is finished and the matter is removed from the top of the lower electrode, most of the deposition floating in the plasma processing vessel adheres to the top of the lower electrode on which the matter to be processed is mounted, because the lower electrode is cooled to a predetermined temperature, as described above.
When the matter to be processed is mounted on the top of the lower electrode to which the deposition has adhered and the plasma etching process is applied to the matter under this state, the following problems are caused.
The deposition adhered makes the top of the lower electrode uneven. The distance between the matter which is mounted on the uneven top of the lower electrode and the upper electrode which is located above the matter and opposed thereto becomes different at various points on the face of the matter. As the result, etching characteristics or homogeneity of etching rate relative to the face of the matter is deteriorated accordingly.
Further, the deposition on the top of the lower electrode adheres to the underside of the matter. When the matter is to be processed at a next stage, therefore, the deposition on the underside of the matter acts as particles to thereby decrease the productivity of the matters processed.


A tunable light source having a temporal coherence length such that interference fringes are detected within the optical path difference of the interferometer is spectrally controlled to produce multiple wavelengths during sequential fractions of the integration time of the detector of the interferometer. The wavelengths are selected so as to produce a visible correlogram at each integration time according to spectrally controlled interferometry (SCI) principles. Such different wavelengths may be produced by stepwise or continuous modulation. The modulation step is repeated sequentially while changing the period of modulation to produce a succession of predetermined spatial patterns of interference fringes, as required for interferometric measurements. The approach enables the practice of SCI with common-path apparatus used for conventional phase shifting, thereby combining the advantages of high-coherence and white-light interferometry.

Field of the Invention
This invention relates in general to the field of interferometry and, in particular, to a novel approach to providing a spectrally controlled source of interferometric light using time-averaged exposure.
Description of the Prior Art
Spectrally controlled interferometry ("SCI") is a recently developed interferometric technique that allows implementation of white light interferometry ("WLI") measurement schemes in common-path interferometers. See U.S. Pat. No. 8,422,026, U.S. Pat. No. 8,810,884 and U.S. Pat. No. 8,675,205, all hereby incorporated by reference. In contrast to conventional, high-coherence, laser interferometry, WLI is characterized by the absence of coherent noise because of the light's short coherence length, typically on the order of a few micrometers. Typically, coherent noise is one of the main sources of measurement errors in conventional interferometry.
Despite these difficulties, laser interferometry is extremely popular and useful because it allows the use of common-path interferometer designs—a particular class of devices in which most of the errors introduced by the optical system cancel out. This allows the manufacture of less expensive and more accurate instruments. High-coherence interferometry is also described as producing a non-localized interference pattern because the interference of beams occurs over a large volume of space, which is an advantage in setting up the measurement apparatus.
WLI is immune to the coherent-noise problems of laser interferometers but requires careful balancing of the optical path difference between the test and reference arm of the interferometer (OPD) so that interference can take place in the measurement space (i.e., within the coherence length of the light). Such arrangements can be complex and prevent the use of common-path interferometers, therefore forfeiting the above-described advantages. In the art, it is said that WLI produces localized interference because it is visible only in a limited volume around zero OPD.
SCI successfully combines both approaches and provides the advantages of both common-path interferometry and WLI. SCI produces localized interference in an unbalanced OPD interferometer and thus allows, for example, the use of a Fizeau interferometer in WLI mode, thus eliminating the problem of coherent noise. One of the major advantages of SCI is that existing instrumentation can be adapted to its modality of operation by replacing only the laser light source with one capable of proper spectral modulation. Therefore, such a light source and its proper modulation are of primary importance to the successful implementation of SCI.
To date, SCI has been implemented using broadband sources with filtering schemes (such as a Fabry-Perot etalon) to shape the source into a spectrally controlled source. These approaches suffer from loss of light and mechanical complexity, making them impractical. This disclosure is directed at a new concept for a source and a method of wide range spectral-modulation that is particularly suitable for SCI implementation because free of mechanical parts and, therefore, more robust and practical to implement.

Time-multiplexed spectrally controlled interferometry