A direct current to direct current converter utilizes a MOSFET half-bridge configuration in which the inherent magnetizing and leakage inductances of the transformer are used as the only inductances in the frequency-determining circuit. Diodes are used to limit the voltages across the capacitor of the frequency determining circuit and hence limit the short circuit and open circuit characteristics of the converter. A self-starting circuit insures that the circuit will start up when initially energized.

The proliferation of electronic equipment, both for business purposes and for entertainment, has increased the need for small, inexpensive and efficient power supplies. One common type of power supply is a dc-to-dc converter which accepts electrical power at one voltage level, converts it to high frequency alternating current, uses a transformer to both adjust the voltage level and to isolate the power source from the electronic load, and rectifies the resulting alternating current to direct current to operate the electronic equipment. Such converters are simple, low cost means for providing the required power. The reason the intermediate alternating current is at a high frequency is to reduce the size of the required transformer. Such converters are often used to power portable equipment or to recharge batteries in the equipment. Some dc-to-dc power supplies are powered by standard household current rectified to provide the direct current input and taking the form of plug-mounted structures where the entire power supply is supported by the electrical connector pins on the plug.
In power supplies such as plug-mounted converters, size, weight and cost are critical. Reducing the number of components is critical in reducing size and complexity of the converter. It has been found that resonant, self-oscillating dc-to-dc converters may meet many of the requirement of such plug-mounted converter applications. A family of push-pull converters is analyzed in "Nonlinear Analysis of a Family of LC Tuned Inverters" by F. C. Y. Lee and T. G. Wilson, PESC 74 Record, pages 223-231, Jun. 10, 1974. In order to avoid the higher breakdown requirements of the push-pull converter configuration, it has been suggested to utilize a half-bridge zero-voltage-switched configuration to reduce the cross-transistor voltages by half. Such configurations are disclosed in "A New Family of Isolated Zero-Voltage-Switched Converters" by R. Farrington, M. M. Jananovic and F. C. Lee, 1991IEEE 0-7803-0090-4/91/0700-0209, pages 209-215, April 1991, and "Comparative Study of Voltage-Mode Resonant Converters with Transformers" by T. Ninomiya, T. Higashi, M. Nakahara and K. Harada, 1991IEEE 0-7803-0090-4/91-0700-0474, pages 474-480, April 1991.
All of these prior art converters require either expensive and lossy square loop magnetics or complicated control circuitry, thereby increasing the size and weight of converters. Moreover, these prior art converters also have poor short circuit and/or open circuit characteristics, requiring expensive and complicated special overload protection control circuitry.

Multiresonant self-oscillating converter circuit


A thread take-up lever for a sewing machine is mounted on the sewing machine and can prevent a thread from disengaging from a thread-receiving portion. The thread take-up lever is disposed with a C-shaped thread-receiving portion having an open recess. Adjacent to the open recess is provided at least one positioning portion for fixing a thread-stopping member. One end of the thread-stopping member is fixed to the positioning portion, and an elastic stopping portion extends from the other end of the thread-stopping member. The stopping portion is formed with a free end abutted against an inner periphery of the open recess. The free end can be pushed away by the thread, and then the free end will automatically return to its original position immediately to abut against the open recess again, thus forming a structure to prevent the thread from disengaging from the thread-receiving portion.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a thread take-up lever for a sewing machine, and more particularly to a thread take-up lever which can really prevent a thread from disengaging from a thread-receiving portion. An open recess of the thread-receiving portion of the thread take-up lever is disposed with an elastic thread-stopping member, so that the thread can indeed enter the thread-receiving portion in one direction and is prevented from disengaging from the thread-receiving portion in the other direction.
2. Description of the Prior Art
At present, the thread take-up lever for a sewing machine has various forms and structures, and a structure of which for preventing a thread is prevented from disengaging from a thread-receiving portion is the main structure that needs to be improved. Currently, the relevant invention has also been disclosed in TW patent application M 2499621 "a thread take-up lever for a sewing machine for preventing a thread from disengaging from a thread-receiving portion". Referring to FIG. 8, a thread take-up lever is folded and formed as one piece, and a thread guide end 91 is folded on the upper thread take-up lever to form a long and narrow thread-receiving portion 92 with respect to the body of the thread take-up lever 90 for preventing the thread from disengaging from the thread-receiving portion 92. On an upper side of the thread guide end 91 is defined a concave surface 910 for reception of a clip 93 to form a blocking end 930, the blocking end 930 is defined with a concave portion 931 for preventing the thread from disengaging from the thread-receiving portion 92, one end of the concave portion 931 is closed while the other end is open. In order to prevent the thread from disengaging from the thread-receiving portion 92, the thread-receiving portion 92 is designed to form a long and narrow passage. However, since said long and narrow passage is made of metal and produced by press forming, it is hard to trim the rough edge 920 formed in the passage due to a limitation of such long and narrow space. Thus the thread is unable to enter the passage, and the thread will be cut down and scratched easily due to such rough edge 920. After the thread is scratched, the thread is likely to be broken by the thread take-up lever, and the sewing machine must be threaded again, so that not only the time will be wasted, but also the quality of the product will be affected.
The thread take-up lever is additionally defined with a clip, and the blocking end of the clip is located at one side of the thread guide. A large interspace is formed between the blocking end and the thread guide, so the thread is likely to fall off the thread-receiving portion 92.
In addition, the conventional technology cited in the abovementioned invention is such that the thread guide end is folded, the structure can not prevent the thread from disengaging from the thread-receiving portion 92, so an elastic linear member is defined on one side of the thread guide end for preventing the thread from disengaging from the thread-receiving portion 92. However, the unnecessary interspace will be formed in such a structure so that the thread will disengage therefrom easily.
The present invention has arisen to mitigate and/or obviate the afore-described disadvantages.

Thread take-up lever for a sewing machine


A power transmission system may include a plurality of renewable-energy devices such as wind turbines or subsea turbines. The devices are connected together in parallel to a subsea cable that carries an ac transmission voltage. Each device includes a turbine assembly that is rotated by wind or water current flows, and a variable speed ac induction generator. A power converter is connected to the subsea cable and is used to interface the generators to a supply network or power grid. The power transmission system is operated such that an indicated operating speed of one or more of the devices is used to control the power converter (e.g. the PWM strategy that is used to open and close the power semiconductor devices) to achieve desired stator electrical quantities at each generator.

It is possible to convert renewable energy such as wind, wave, tidal energy or water current flows into electrical energy by using a turbine to drive the rotor of a generator, either directly or by means of a gearbox. The ac frequency that is developed at the stator terminals of the generator (the "stator voltage") is directly proportional to the speed of rotation of the rotor. The voltage at the generator terminals also varies as a function of speed and, depending on the particular type of generator, on the flux level. For optimum energy capture, the speed of rotation of the output shaft of the renewable-energy turbine will vary according to the speed of the wind or water current flows driving the blades of the turbine assembly. Matching of the variable voltage and frequency of the generator to the nominally constant voltage and frequency of the power network can be achieved by using a power converter.
The efficiency of a turbine is usually expressed by a Cp-Lambda curve. In a given cross section through a fluid flow, there is an amount of power present given by the flow rate and the kinetic energy per unit volume that it contains. Cp represents the efficiency of the turbine in converting this power into mechanical power. Lambda is the turbine blade tip speed divided by fluid flow rate.

GE ENERGY POWER CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY, LTD.


Method for displaying user-configurable data in a table in a web browser application includes obtaining a copy of a table template, creating a file that defines table properties, performing a customization subroutine. The customization subroutine includes the steps of instructing a DHTML table component to pass one or more entries of the table properties file, setting one or more customizable table properties, recognizing a browser application and drawing a browser application page with a customized table.

1. Technical Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a computer program utilizing a graphical user interface and, more particularly, to a method for graphically displaying table-based data in a web-based (i.e., Internet browser) application.
2. Background Art
Many computer programs use a graphical user interface (GUI) to administer the features that are included therein. This is especially true in Internet web browsing applications. In many instances, it is necessary to display various types of data in tabular form in such a browser application. Currently, tabular data, is displayed by using a Java® Applet table. The Java® language and environment comprises a set of technologies provided by Sun Microsystems of Mountain View, Calif.
Using a Java® Applet table is advantageous because such a table has all the functionality desired in a typical web browser application including the following: scrolling browsers, column resizing, column dragging, column hiding, print preview and printing of table data, saving of table data, single selection, multiple selection, user table references, detail view of row data, alternate view for table data, and support of multiple types of data columns such as Boolean, text fields, numeric fields, dropdown lists, icons and hyperlinks. However, the disadvantage of using a Java® Applet table is in the performance aspect of such a display format. Specifically, the Java® Applet download time is considerable (from a users perspective) when the application is loaded for the first time. Additionally, in web based terminology, a "thin" client is preferred over a "thick" client due to performance reasons with respect to CPU processing speed. Java® Applets are considered "thick" clients which undesirably reduce CPU processing speeds. Java® Applet tables also have a number of security constraints which are not flexible to customization and which need specific licenses. A Java® Applet also requires a Java® plugin (a software module) be installed on a users machine to run the Applet. All of these factors add complexity to the overall process of displaying tabular information in a web-based application.

Apparatus and method enabling configurable graphical display of table-based data in a web-based application


An industrial computer hinge assembly includes a bolt having a head and an extension, a first positioning ring with a first hook, a second positioning ring with a second hook, multiple leaf springs and an assembly device having an extension hole and a first fixing hole defined in a main board casing to correspond to the extension of the bolt and the first hook respectively and a hole and a second fixing hole defined in a screen casing to correspond to the extension and the second hook respectively. After the extension combines with the nut, engagement between the first positioning ring and the second positioning ring provides friction force to support the screen casing relative to the main board casing.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a computer hinge assembly, and more particularly to an industrial computer hinge assembly to allow the screen of the industrial computer to have sufficient support when pivoted relative to the main board.
2. Description of Related Art
In the current technology, computer hinges have been introduced to the market for many years and the computer hinges are quite different from one another in the function as well as in the structure. In spite of the differences, all the computer hinges serve one common function, that is, to allow the screen to pivot relative to the main board. Analysis of the current computer hinges shows that in order to mount the computer hinge onto the computer, most of the computer hinges increase the complexity of the computer structure and complexity increase generally is the cause of cost increase. Furthermore, if the structure of the computer hinge is complex, maintenance of the computer hinge will also be very complex and difficult especially when available space in the industrial computer is limited.
To overcome the shortcomings, the present invention tends to provide an improved industrial computer hinge to mitigate and obviate the aforementioned problems.


An apparatus (1) for transversal drawing a film (2) in motion, has a pair of rollers (3, 4) rotating on parallel axes and fitted with toothed surface profiles (5, 6) that overlaps without touching each other. The profiles define a wavy passage (7) for the film, and rounded tips of the toothed profiles (5, 6) of the two rollers (3 and 4) define the points of application of the drawing action on the film (2).

The object of this invention is an apparatus for the drawing of films in motion, at least in a direction perpendicular to the direction of motion of the film, also known as a Cross Direction Orientator.
The further object of this invention is a procedure for the drawing of films in motion, at least in a direction perpendicular to the direction of motion of the film.
For various applications, for instance in the hygienic article trade, there is an ever growing demand for transpiring plastic films.
The drawing of the film may be carried out in the direction of the forward motion of the film and/or in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the forward motion of the film.
Various types of apparatus are currently known, capable of performing the transversal or longitudinal drawing of a film in motion.
On the other hand, the known types of apparatus exhibit various drawbacks and a generally poor reliability, considerable encumbrance and high production cost.
The purpose of this invention is to offer an apparatus for the transversal drawing of film materials in motion, capable of eliminating at least part of the drawbacks provided by the devices of a known art.

Apparatus and procedure for the drawing of films in motion


A vehicle for transporting loads over rough terrain having a seat mounted on a bracket which is mounted on a frame which rides on a single wheel carried within a fork. A handlebar with vertical handgrips provides control in a variety of positions in use, and a pair of normally retracted wheels which can be extended to stabilize the vehicle. The vehicle is adjustable in length, wheel size, handlebar size and presentation, load size, angle, and center-of-gravity relative to the wheel, and the number of wheels in contact with the ground.

The field of the invention is a vehicle which is tiltable, stabilized by the attendant, hand-propelled, with a single wheel, and as above with receptacle, and, child carrier, user propelled.
The present invention relates to a carrier for the transportation of a light load, and in particular an infant, over rough trails and while jogging including a seat and a bracket mounted on a frame and a single wheel, which are adjustable relative to each other, and an improved handle which is adjustable relative to the frame.
A light carrier that will substitute directly for a backpack, both for loads, and for carrying children, in town and while camping, jogging or walking outdoors, is needed as our population ages. By careful design, my invention meets all of these needs in one device.
Previously known carts for carrying loads over rough terrain have failed to gain wide popularity. None revealed to date has a seat for a child, and most have many parts which add weight and complexity.
All jogging carriages such as are revealed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,062,651, 4,848,780, and 3,829,113 are designed for use on smooth, usually paved, surfaces. None revealed to date can be used on trails safely.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,055,354 and 3,820,807 reveal carts designed to allow the transporting of heavy loads by two users, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,005,845, 4,869,517, and 3,560,015 reveal vehicles which are designed to be used by one person carrying lighter loads. These carts are difficult to use and tiring because they cannot be pushed or controlled easily. The load is carried between the wheel and the user, and some weight is carried by the user's arms or torso.
None of these vehicles are adjustable for the size of the user. The distance from handle to wheel and the angle of the load on the wheel need to be variable to compensate for varying heights of user.
None of these vehicles is adjustable for stride length. Tall users have a longer stride and need to have the wheel placed farther away from the handle than shorter users. The same user will need a longer vehicle while running in the city than when walking on a trail, because stride length varies with speed. None of these vehicles is adjustable for a variety of wheel sizes.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,005,845 reveals a pole for carrying loads outdoors. This design sacrifices control, both for steering and for stabilizing the vehicle, for simplicity and lightness.
Lacking a handle, it cannot be controlled around the axis of the pole because the hand grip can produce no significant torsional moment, so it is directionally unstable. Any imbalance of loads around the pole, such as is produced by single, indivisible loads like an infant, produces a torque that overwhelms that produced by the hand. A chair might be mounted to it rigidly, but it would twist to be lowermost on the pole, and the apparatus would not be steerable nor the ride pleasant for the child. Only a small wheel can be used, because a larger wheel will produce proportionately larger twisting moments, and the hand, lacking any mechanical advantage, will be unable to provide a correcting torque.
Because of this limitation of wheel size, the vehicle can be used outdoors, but only on smooth surfaces such as an ice-covered pond. Pushing the vehicle over uneven ground results in frequent and painful punches to the throat and chin, even if the wheel is significantly larger than in this embodiment.
This is a shortcoming of all of the carts or poles which contact the body or are tied mechanically to it. The movement of any vehicle over uneven ground produces a constant series of jolts and pulls which are translated directly into the body through the point of contact. Placing the end of the rigid pole against the user's torso would be extremely unpleasant over even moderate terrain, the effect approximating an engine pushrod.
The pole can only be pushed, not towed.
The patents revealing child-carriers found to date, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,062,651, and 4,848,780 disclose carriers which use two or three wheels to support the chair. They show vehicles which are designed to be statically stable. This approach has proven unworkable on trails where they are unable to remain upright on sloping or uneven ground. These vehicle are too wide, and they are also heavy and cannot be easily lifted over large obstacles in the pathway.
The child faces forward and is hit by branches intruding into the pathway as the vehicle advances.
The vehicle can only be towed, not pushed. The trailing position can be dangerous, in part because the vehicles cannot be actively stabilized by the user, and upsets can occur without warning.
In these carriers the child is not visible to the user and cannot interact with the user. Infants often drop their bottles or clothing over the side. and in tow, this is not visible.
The carriages shown conform to the slope of the terrain with both wheels, so the child is rocked excessively side to side on variable terrain as one wheel rises and falls relative to the other.
The previously revealed vehicles are wide and long and have many parts which add weight and complexity. A vehicle generally should not be wider than six inches at the ground for easy use on a trail. A vehicle that is too long cannot turn across switch-backs or maneuver around rocks or in dense undergrowth.
Whatever the precise merits, features, and advantages of the above cited references, none of them achieves or fulfills the purpose of the carrier, with detachable seat, of the present invention.


A power tool includes: a stator having a substantially cylindrical yoke and a plurality of permanent magnets that are firmly fixed to an inner surface of the yoke and circumferentially spaced from each other by a first gap; a rotor inserted inside the permanent magnets at a second gap radially; an outer frame portion that accommodates the stator and the rotor; a ventilation hole formed in the outer frame portion to place the first and second gaps in communication with an atmosphere; and a dustproof member comprising a ferromagnetic material, which is mounted in contact with the stator and has a protruding portion located in a passage going from the first and second gaps to the atmosphere via the ventilation hole.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a technique for enhancing the dustproofing capability of a power tool having ventilation holes in its outer frame.
2. Description of the Related Art
There is a tendency that the current fed into electric motors is increased in order to offer smaller power tools with higher output power. Concomitantly, there is a tendency that the stator and rotor are directly supported by the outer frame portion to enlarge the flow passage for cooling wind, as described in JP-A-2002-254337, to suppress generation of heat from the motor.
Furthermore, there is a tendency that permanent magnets having stronger magnetic flux are adopted in a power tool using a DC motor, in order to offer a smaller motor with higher output power.


A mobile communication system, base station device, and mobile wireless terminal are provide which are capable of improving throughput and/or communication quality in the mobile wireless terminal when an HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) method is applied to W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) communication. A base station device transmits an empty pattern of a channelization code set for an HS-SCCH (High Speed Shared Control CHannel), which is used as an advance notice of transmission for a downlink employed in the HSDPA method, to the mobile wireless terminal. The mobile wireless terminal, when having received the advance notice of transmission for the downlink employed in the HSDPA method from the base station device, adds assumed power for transmission of the HS-DPCCH (High Speed Dedicated Physical Control CHannal) data to the estimated transmission power value to be used for judgement as to whether a TFC (Transport Format Combination) of a DPCH (Dedicated Physical CHannel) is usable or not.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile communication system, and a base station device and a mobile wireless terminal used in the same system, and more particularly to the mobile communication system, the base station device, and the mobile wireless terminal which make data transmission by using an HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) method.
The present application claims priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-413697 filed on Dec. 11, 2003, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) communication system in conformity with 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) being now standardized, the HSDPA is proposed as technology that can realize a high-speed downlink.
In the HSDPA method, as a physical channel for a downlink through which data are transmitted from a base station to a mobile wireless terminal, an HS-SCCH (High Speed—Shared Control CHannel) and an HS-PDSCH (High Speed-Physical Downlink Shared CHannel) are additionally provided. The HS-SCCH is used to transmit control information of the HS-PDSCH pairing up with the HS-SCCH, while the HS-PDSCH is used to transmit packet data employed in the HSDPA method. Moreover, the HS-PDSCH can use a maximum 15 pieces of channelization codes in units of subframes, which is called a multi-code, and the number of used multicodes is called the multicode number. The subframe denotes a frame length of a physical channel used in the HSDPA method expressed in time units of three slots and a slot denotes a time unit designated by the 3GPP.
On the other hand, as a physical channel for an uplink through which the mobile wireless terminal transmits packet data to the base station, an HS-DPCCH (High Speed-Dedicated Physical Control CHannel) is additionally provided. In the communication using the HSDPA method, two channels including the HS-DPCCH and a DPCH (Dedicated Physical CHannel) are used when packet data is transmitted from the mobile wireless terminal to the base station. The HS-DPCCH informs the base station of whether or not packet data transmitted through the HS-PDSCH pairing up with the HS-DPCCH has been received by the mobile wireless terminal, or of a state of a transmission path. FIG. 9 shows a time relationship of data transmission among the HS-SCCH, HS-PDSCH, and HS-DPCCH.
In the present W-CDMA communication system, whether each TFC (Transport Format Combination) of an uplink DPCH is usable or not is determined by using information about a past estimated transmission power value of the mobile wireless terminal. One of standards for determining the use of a given TFC is whether or not the TFC is one that was allowed to be used based on the past estimated transmission power value of the mobile wireless terminal. Here, the TFC denotes a plural transport channel combining pattern of a TF (Transport Format) showing an information size of each transport channel. Moreover, the estimated transmission power value represents a power value assumed as necessary for the mobile wireless terminal to transmit data to the base station. The reason why the use of the TFC of the DPCH is determined by using an estimated transmission power value is that, in general, power to be supplied has to be increased in proportion to an information size of data to be transmitted. Therefore, in a case where the past estimated transmission value frequently exceeds maximum transmission power, processing is performed in which power to be supplied is reduced by decreasing a size of information to be transmitted through an uplink DPCH.
According to 3GPP TS25.321 v5.5.0 or TS25.133 v5.7.0 in which specifications and procedures of the 3GPP are specified, whether or not each TFC of the uplink DPCH is usable is determined by using an estimated transmission value of the mobile wireless terminal during a specified period and it takes several tens of milliseconds or more before data reflecting this decision are actually transmitted.
As one of technologies using such the HSDPA method as above, a mobile communication system, base station, packet transmitting timing controlling method and program for the same are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2002-369235. In the technology disclosed in the Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2002-369235, the base station, when receiving data to be transmitted to a mobile station from a base station control device, feeds an advance notice (notification of transmitting timing) of data transmission to the mobile station. The mobile station, when receiving the advance notice of data transmission, notifies another base station being in a state of soft handover of timing of the data transmission. This prevents the above other base station from transmitting HS-PDSCH data to other mobile stations.
Also, a mobile communication system, communication control method, base station to be used for the above, and mobile station are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2003-199173 in which, the base station, when receiving data to be transmitted to the mobile station, feeds an advance notice of data transmission to the mobile station by using a downlink DPCH. The mobile station, when receiving the above advance notice from the base station, transmits information about transmission quality to the base station.
As described above, in the communication using the HSDPA method, the HS-DPCCH is added to an uplink physical channel. In a case where an estimated transmission power value exceeds an allowable maximum transmission power value due to this addition of the HS-DPCCH, in an actual transmission, control is exercised so that power being assigned to both the HS-DPCCH and uplink DPCH is reduced so that the expected transmission power value does not exceed the maximum transmission power finally. As a result, it is predicted that, since power to be assigned to the uplink DPCH becomes small, a possibility that the TFC of the DPCH being unusable increases.
However, conventionally, it is impossible to judge whether the expected transmission power value exceeds the maximum transmission power due to the addition of the HS-DPCCH unless packet data was actually transmitted, by using the HS-DPCCH, from the mobile wireless terminal. Furthermore, in the conventional technology, even if the TFC of the uplink DPCH is judged to be unusable according to the above judging method, it takes several tens of milliseconds or more before data having reflected the judgement result are actually transmitted and, therefore, whether the TFC is usable or unusable cannot be immediately reflected in the DPCH. There is a high possibility that packet data transmitted through the HS-PDSCH of the downlink employed in the HSDPA method has occurred in a manner of a burst during a period in which the TFC cannot be made unusable, and a possibility increases that, in the uplink, data is frequently transmitted through the HS-DPCCH due to occurrence of the packet data transmitted through the HS-PDSCH. That is, at the time of transmission of data using the HS-DPCCH in which reduction of the power to be assigned to the uplink DPCH is required, there is a risk that an operation is performed with the power to be assigned to the DPCH being not reduced. This operation leads to a failure in the detection of transmitted data by the uplink DPCH at the base station, since, for a period of time of several tens of milliseconds or more to be taken after transmission of data to be transmitted through the uplink HS-DPCCH in response to data transmitted through the downlink HS-PDSCH through which a head of packet data is transmitted in the burst manner has been started before information that the TFC of the downlink HS-PDSCH cannot be used is actually reflected on the uplink PDCH, power being smaller than expected is assigned to both the uplink DPCH and the downlink HS-DPCCH.
There is a possibility that the conventional technology presents a problem in that the failure in the detection of transmitted data through the uplink DPCH causes a decrease in the communication quality and the failure in the detection of tranmitted data through the HS-DPCCH causes re-transmission of data through downlink HS-PDSCH pairing with the uplink DPCH which leads to a remarkable decrease in throughput of the downlink.
Thus, when the HSDPA method is applied to the conventional W-CDMA communication system constructed in conformity with the 3GPP, there may be a case in which the estimated transmission power exceeds the allowable maximum transmission power due to the addition of the HS-DPCCH and, therefore, the number of TFCs of the uplink DPCH that becomes unusable increases. However, the above conventional technology has the following problem, that is, since it took several tens of milliseconds or more before the information that the TFC of the downlink HS-PDSCH cannot be used is actually reflected on the uplink DPCH after transmission of data to be transmitted through the uplink HS-DPCCH in response to the data transmitted through the downlink HS-PDSCH through which a head of packet data has been transmitted in the burst manner has been started, it causes decreases in throughput of the downlink and in communication quality of the uplink.
Moreover, since, in the technology disclosed in the Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2002-369235 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2003-199173, configurations and functions to suppress a decrease in the communication quality caused by a shortage of power to be assigned for data transmission by such the HS-DPCCH as above are not provided and, as a result, it is difficult to solve the above problems.

Mobile communication system utilizing advance notice of data transmission


A multicolor electric cable includes a plurality of core wires respectively having a PVC coating layer disposed at an outer periphery thereof. The PVC coating layers each have a color different to the other layers. A corresponding number of transparent PVC layers respectively covers around each PVC coating layer for a user to identify individual wires, wherein adjacent transparent PVC layers have a connection formed therebetween.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a multicolor electric cable, and more particularly to an electric cable with several colors from which a user can easily identify different wires received therein, and to an electric cable which has a strong structure and an attractive appearance.
2. Description of Related Art
A conventional electric cable typically has received therein a plurality of wires with the same color. To identify the different wires, a corresponding number of adapters with different colors are generally and respectively connected to each wire, which is quite dull and a user needs to check each head of the adapter to identify the usage thereof. Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown the structure of a conventional electric cable. The conventional electric cable contains a plurality of wires 60 each of which is simply and only a conducting material, such as strands of copper. Each wire 60 is coated with a red (not shown) PVC layer 61. Adjacent PVC layers 61 have a connection 62 formed therebetween. For identification purposes, one of the adjacent PVC layers 61 is covered by an additional PVC layer 63 with a color different from red. This conventional electric cable has a disadvantage that the connection 62 is not smooth in its appearance, because it is formed by extrusion. A second disadvantage is that the electric cable has a dull coloring. This is because the working process thereof needs a long time to achieve what is required, and the manufacture thereof also needs a lot of working process, which is not economical. Another conventional electric cable has a structure as shown in FIG. 5. The electric cable includes a plurality of wires 64 coated with a corresponding number of PVC layers 65 with different colors. Adjacent PVC layers 65 are connected in a manner of ultrasonic thermal treatment. Though a user can easily identify different wires according to the multicolor PVC layers 65, this conventional electric cable has disadvantages that the connection between adjacent PVC layers 65 may be damaged due to the manufacturing processes, such as the long heating time, or by external force, and this kind of electric cable can only be manufactured in short length, which is not suitable for practical requirements.
The present invention provides an improved multicolor electric cable to mitigate and/or obviate the aforementioned problems.


To provide a superposition type portable terminal unit in which functions other than opening and closing functions are added to opening and closing operations thereby to improve the operating performance of the portable terminal unit. In a superposition type portable terminal unit in which a first housing having at least a display section and a second housing having at least an operation section, in a close state where the display section and the operation section face in the same direction and the housings are superimposed on each other so that the operation section of the second housing is covered with the first housing, are coupled at their ends by a coupling part having an axis in a direction where the both housings are pierced, the unit is put in an open state in case that the first housing is turned about the axis from the close state in any of a clockwise direction and a counterclockwise direction; and a control unit is provided, which selects a screen so that a first screen is displayed in the display section in case that the first housing is turned in relation to the second housing clockwise from the close state, and so that a second screen is displayed in the display section in case that the first housing is turned in relation to the second housing counterclockwise.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a portable terminal unit such as a mobile telephone or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), and specifically to a portable terminal unit configured to have a plurality of housings which are coupled to enable them to be overlapping each other.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, a folding type mobile telephone 2 shown in FIG. 17 is generally known as a folding type portable telephone including two housings which can be folded. In the folding type mobile telephone 2, a display screen 12 such as LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) which displays output information and a speaker 13 which are provided on an inner face 10 of one housing 4, and an operation section 16 and a microphone 15 are provided on an inner face 14 of another housing 6.
The operation section 16 has a cursor key 18 which for indicating upward, downward, right and left directions so that items displayed on the display screen 12 can be selected, and ten keys 20 for inputting numerals, characters, etc., and other keys for various functions operation section.
In such the folding type mobile telephone 2, a menu selecting screen 22 as shown in FIG. 18 is displayed on the display screen 12 so that a user can select any of its various functions which he or she wants to use.
However, the folding type mobile telephone 2 as shown in FIG. 17 has a problem that while the housing 4 and the housing 6 are folded to be close to each other, the image displayed on the display screen 12 cannot be seen unless the housings 4 and 6 are opened so as to come apart from each other, and the information cannot be browsed in a folded-up state even though information is displayed on the display screen 12.
In order to solve such a problem that it is troublesome and annoying to open the housings 4 and 6 of the folding type mobile telephone 2 in order to browse the display screen 12, there have been proposed some mobile phone sets in which the display screen 12 is directed outward not only in an opened state but also in a folded state or a state corresponding to the folded state.
Examples of the portable terminal unit are the overlapping type portable terminal units disclosed in JP-A-H11-215218, JP-A-2002-141984 and JP-A-2002-135380. These overlapping type portable terminal units are so designed that the display screen provided on one of the housings is directed outward when the two housings that are coupled are opened, which is substantially same manner as the folding type mobile telephone 2 shown in FIG. 17.
However, the design of these overlapping type portable terminal units as disclosed in JP-A-H11-215218, JP-A-2002-141984 and JP-A-2002-135380 are different from the folding type mobile telephone 2 such that one of the housings can be folded and overlapped on another housing by twisting it 180 degree at a coupling section between two housings. Therefore, it is possible to overlap the two housings each other with the display face directing outward.
Disclosed in JP-A-H07-288860 is another type of the conventional overlapping type portable terminal unit. The conventional overlapping type portable terminal unit is so designed that one housing provided with a display screen and another housing provided with an operation section are coupled each other at their end portions, in a state which the display screen and the operation section are directed in the same direction, through a shaft which is provided in a direction of passing through these housings.
This overlapping type portable terminal unit can be opened, by rotating one housing with respect to another housing around the shaft at an angle of 180 degree. Further, the two housings can be kept overlapped each other with the display screen directed outward. Thus, even if a user does not open the two housings, he or she can see an image displayed on the display screen.
In the conventional overlapping type portable terminal units, the display screen can be seen without opening the two housings. However, in the case that a user needs to operate with the operation section, after all, he or she have to rotate one of the two housings at an angle of 180 degree to change the portable terminal unit from the closed state to the opened state.
Operations to change from the closed state to the opened state are somewhat different according to the kind of overlapping type portable terminal unit. However, these operations are simple, and complex operations are not required. Therefore, although the operation for making the opened state from the closed state is always performed in order to make the opened state, addition of any other functions to this opening operation itself is not taken into consideration at all. Therefore, there is a problem that operability of the overlapping type portable terminal unit cannot be improved in this point.
To the contrary, also in the case that the overlapping type portable terminal unit is changed from the opened state to the closed state, addition of any other functions to this closing operation itself is not taken into consideration at all. Therefore, there is a problem that operability of the overlapping type portable terminal unit cannot be improved also in this point.


A bread making method including: a cold sponge process where strong flour, dried yeast, yeast food, salt, an improver, and water are mixed, stirred at low speed, stirred at high speed, and then fermented at a temperature and relative humidity; a dough process in which the resulting mixture of the cold sponge process is mixed with strong flour, sugar, salt, dried milk, dried yeast, margarine, and water, and the to resulting mixture is given a floor time and then divided into pieces; a freezing storage process in which the dough is frozen, wrapped in plastic, and stored at a temperature of less than −18 degrees C.; a thawing process in which the resulting dough pieces of the freezing process are thawed; and a second fermentation process in which each of the resulting dough pieces is molded and subjected to a second fermentation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of making bread and bread made by the method, and more particularly, to a method of making bread that can increase taste appeal and slow aging by fermenting dough at a low temperature for a long time to improve its texture and flavor, and bread made by the method.
2. Description of Related Art
Typically, bread is made by mixing wheat flour, yeast, salt, water, etc., as main ingredients, and sugar, dairy products, eggs, oil, etc., as secondary ingredients, to form a dough, and fermenting and baking the dough. Nowadays, people's busy lifestyles, changes in dietary habits, and westernization of culture have led to large consumption of bread, plain or in the form of toast, sandwiches, etc. To meet the trend, bread products are made by and distributed from bakeries under franchise.
That is, in order to supply fresher products at low prices, the franchised bakeries supply the bread products by purchasing semi-finished frozen dough products from a manufacturing plant, thawing and fermenting the dough using a dough conditioner, and baking the resulting dough in an oven for baking bread.
Meanwhile, bread-making methods include a straight dough process, a sponge dough method, a continuous dough mixing process, a liquid fermentation process, etc. In the sponge dough method, also called a sponge method, a portion (more than 50%) of wheat flour is mixed with yeast and water to form a sponge. After a first fermentation for at least two hours, the sponge is mixed with the remaining portion of wheat flour, secondary ingredients (such as sugar or salt), and water, and the resulting mixture is given a floor time, subjected to a molding process, etc., and then subjected to a second fermentation. It is known in the art that the sponge dough method increases the stability of fermentation, promotes expansion of the dough due to ripening, and improves the flavor of the bread.
However, the first fermentation process, which has a significant effect on the quality of bread in the sponge dough method, is performed at a low or high temperature for a relatively short time, and thus the texture and volume of bread deteriorate.
Moreover, the dough produces various aromatic substances by alcohol fermentation, lactic acid fermentation, and fermentation with other organic acids after proper ripening, and thus the flavor of bread is improved. At the same time, the dough has physical properties such as proper viscosity and elasticity. However, the first fermentation process according to the conventional method has the following problems. In the event of a power failure or some other accident in a fermentation room, the fermentation time and temperature, which are the most important factors determining the quality of bread, can easily exceed standards, causing the dough to be under-ripened or over-ripened. Since such dough cannot ensure uniform taste, the whole quantity of dough should be disposed of, which is very costly and significantly reduces production efficiency. Thus, the first fermentation process is not suitable for mass production.
Further, the conventional method of making bread is not suitable for the sale of the franchise system, which should provide differentiated, competitive quality. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a bread-making method that can improve the quality of bread.
After several years of research aimed at developing a bread-making method, which can improve the texture and flavor of bread and slow the aging process, and especially, which is suitable for the sale of the franchise system, the present inventor arrived at the present invention.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method of making bread and bread made by the method


A magnetoresistive memory is described and contains a common word line voltage source, bit lines, word lines crossing the bit lines, and a memory cell array having memory cells with cell resistors. The memory cell array further has reference cells with reference cell resistors. The memory cell array is configured such that for testing a respective cell resistor in each case two of the reference cell resistors nearest the respective cell resistor and the reference cell are simultaneously connected to a common word line voltage. A first feedback amplifier together with the two reference cell resistors form a summing amplifier. A second feedback amplifier together with the respective cell resistor form an amplifier having an equivalent gain as the summing amplifier. A comparator is connected to the summing amplifier and the amplifier. The comparator has an output supplying an evaluation signal dependent on the respective cell resistor.

The invention relates to a device for evaluating a magnetically variable electrical resistance of a magnetoresistive memory cell with the aid of a reference cell. Such a memory cell typically has a soft-magnetic layer and a hard-magnetic layer, which are electrically conductive and isolated from one another by a tunnel oxide, the tunneling probability and thus the electrical resistance depends on the directions of polarization of the two layers.
Such a device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,173,873, in particular FIG. 4, for each column only a single reference cell is used for evaluating a memory cell and an evaluation takes place rapidly and with a low power loss as a result.
On account of the fabrication tolerances, the cell resistances are not constant over the entire memory cell array and, in particular in the case of large memory cell arrays, incorrect evaluations easily occur because the relative change in resistance of a memory cell on account of a change in the stored information is only slight.
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a device for evaluating cell resistances in a magneto resistive memory that overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art device of this general type, in which maximum evaluation reliability is achieved with minimum additional outlay, in particular in the case of large MRAMs.
With the foregoing and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention, a magnetoresistive memory. The memory contains a common word line voltage source outputting a common word line voltage, bit lines, word lines crossing the bit lines, and a memory cell array having a multiplicity of memory cells with cell resistors connected to the bit lines and the word lines. The memory cell array further has a multiplicity of reference cells with reference cell resistors connected to the bit lines and the word lines. The memory cell array is configured such that for testing a respective cell resistor in each case two of the reference cell resistors nearest the respective cell resistor and the reference cell are simultaneously connected to the common word line voltage. A respective bit line connected to the respective cell resistor is connected to the common word line voltage through the respective cell resistor and correspondingly at a same time two of the bit lines each respectively connected to one of the two reference cell resistors are connected to the word line voltage through the two reference cell resistors. A first feedback amplifier together with the two reference cell resistors form a summing amplifier having an output. A second feedback amplifier together with the respective cell resistor form an amplifier having an output and an equivalent gain as the summing amplifier. A comparator is provided and has a first input connected to the output of the summing amplifier and a second input connected to the output of the amplifier. The comparator has an output supplying an evaluation signal dependent on the respective cell resistor.
The invention is based on the fact that rows with the reference cells are provided in the cell array, for example at regular intervals, and the respective cell resistor is compared with an average value formed from in each case from the two nearest reference cell resistors. One reference cell resistor in each case is used for two groups of cell resistors for the comparison.
In accordance with an added feature of the invention, a first current sink is provided, and a reference ground terminal for a reference ground potential is connected to the first current sink. The first feedback amplifier has a first feedback resistor switchably connected to the two reference cell resistors at a first connecting node. The first connecting node is connected to the reference ground terminal through the first current sink. The second feedback amplifier has a second feedback resistor with twice a value as the first feedback resistor, the second feedback resistor is switchably connected to the respective reference cell at a second connecting node. A second current sink is connected to the reference ground terminal. The second connecting node is connected to the reference ground terminal through the second current sink. The first current sink has twice a current of the second current sink and a current of the second current sink corresponds to a magnitude of the common word line voltage divided by a magnitude of the respective cell resistor.
Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims.
Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in a device for evaluating the cell resistances in a magnetoresistive memory, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims.
The construction and method of operation of the invention, however, together with additional objects and advantages thereof will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings.

Device for evaluating cell resistances in a magnetoresistive memory


A method of determining a summation of pixel characteristics for a rectangular region of a digital image includes determining if a base address for a data element in an integral image buffer is aligned for an SIMD operation by a processor embedded in an electronic assembly configured to perform Haar-like feature calculations. The data element represents a corner of the rectangular region of an integral image. The integral image is a representation of the digital image. The integral image is formed by data elements stored in the integral image buffer. The data element is loaded from the integral image buffer to the processor when the base address is aligned for the SIMD operation. An offset data element of an offset integral image is loaded from an offset integral buffer when the base address is non-aligned for the SIMD operation. The offset data element represents the corner of the rectangular region.

Haar-like features along with AdaBoost (i.e., adaptive boosting) techniques are popular methods for object detection and classification in computer vision applications. For example, these techniques can be used in pedestrian detection, traffic sign recognition or any other kinds of object detection in ADAS applications. Haar-like features are calculated at a particular location of a digital image using weighted sum of image pixels for rectangular regions of the image. Weights are applied to the summed pixels for the particular regions of the Haar-like feature based on learned aspects from object detection and classification for similar features and similar images. Weights and feature are learned from training (e.g., AdaBoost training). FIGS. 1A-B show examples of Haar-like edge features. FIGS. 2A-B show examples of Haar-like line features. FIGS. 3A-B show examples of Haar-like center-surround features. The sum of the pixels under the dark area is weighted and compared to a weighted sum of the pixels under the lighter area. The resultant value is the feature cost at a reference for the area subject to the calculation.
Dense Haar-like feature calculations require the feature to be calculated at each pixel location in an image or areas of interest within the image by sliding the Haar-like feature by one pixel in raster order through the area. Typically, raster order refers to a left-to-right sequence along each row of the image or area and sequentially moving down from an uppermost row to a lowest row of the image or area.
A popular method to calculate pixel characteristics under a rectangular region is to calculate an integral image representation of the raw image and utilize pixel summations in the integral image instead of pixels of the raw image. Each element of an integral image may be 32 bit (one word) for normal use of application. In general, the performance and efficiency of Haar-like feature calculations are heavily influenced by processor data loads. For example, a Haar-like feature calculation may require data loads from non-aligned locations of a buffer storing the integral image because Haar feature size can be any suitable number of pixels (e.g., odd or even pixel dimensions). Align or non-align words are associated with an alignment boundary. In the current context, the alignment boundary is 64 bits (i.e., two words). Anything that is not at the boundary of 64 bits is not aligned.
A problem is that the data loads required in a Haar-like feature calculation may not utilize the maximum capability of the processor (e.g., C6000 Digital Signal Processor (DSP)), where non-aligned data reads are costlier than aligned data reads. This problem is amplified for dense Haar feature calculations that are performed on each pixel location of the image. This problem also exists when rotated Haar-like features are calculated.
FIGS. 4A-B show examples of rotated Haar-like edge features. FIGS. 5A-B show examples of rotated Haar-like line features. FIGS. 6A-B show examples of rotated Haar-like center-surround features. Rotated Haar-like features can be treated as an unrotated feature (target region) on a rotated image or as a rotated feature (target region) on an unrotated image. In either arrangement, the summation of the pixels must use a raster sequence based on the orientation of the target rectangular region.

Method and apparatus for determining summation of pixel characteristics for rectangular region of digital image avoiding non-aligned loads using multiple copies of input data


There is provided a charging apparatus and a wireless charging apparatus that facilitate display of a fully charged state using a monochromatic display device. The charging apparatus and the wireless charging apparatus include a power supply unit supplying a charging power, a charging unit supplying the charging power to an external charging target device, a charging control unit controlling a charging state of the charging unit, a display unit that displays the charging state under the control of the charging control unit and, when the charging target device is in a fully charged state, stops an operation of displaying the charging state, and a delay unit that delays stopping the operation of the display unit that displays the charging state, for a previously set period of time, when the charging target device in the fully charged state is recharged.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a charging apparatus and a wireless charging apparatus that facilitate display of charging.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, power supply apparatuses, supplying driving power necessary for operating electronic apparatuses, are essential.
Such power supply apparatuses may usually convert commercial alternating current (AC) power into direct current (DC) driving power and supply the driving power to electronic apparatuses.
As described above, in a case in which rechargeable batteries, able to be recharged with mains power and supply stored driving power to electronic apparatuses, are employed, charging apparatuses may be employed so as to supply power to rechargeable batteries.
Such charging apparatuses may be directly connected to an electronic apparatuses via a connector, or the like, to supply power to rechargeable batteries embedded in electronic apparatuses or may supply power to rechargeable batteries embedded in electronic apparatuses in a non-contact manner through utilizing a magnetic induction effect.
The charging apparatuses may include a display unit containing a light source such as a light emitting diode to display a charging state.
In a monochromatic light emitting diode, when a fully charged electronic apparatus is reconnected after being controlled for a predetermined period of time, there may be a problem in that a fully charged state of the fully charged electronic apparatuses may not be displayed. To display the fully charged state, in a case in which a plurality of light emitting diodes are used as disclosed in the related art document below, manufacturing costs incurred in configuring the plurality of light emitting diodes may be problematically increased.

Charging apparatus and wireless charging apparatus


A safety navigation device and an executing method thereof in the present disclosure are based on an integrated circuit module and a server for safety certification. According to an algorithm or instantaneous time, the integrated circuit module which is electrically connected to electronic equipment creates an IP address, controlling the electronic equipment to enable the IP address via a virtual keypad. Then, the dominating server in which a certification mechanism is installed will check validity of the IP address and issues corresponding information.

1) Field of the Invention
The present disclosure relates to a navigation device and an executing method thereof, particularly a device and an executing method thereof based on an algorithm or instantaneous time to generate an IP address.
2) Description of the Prior Art
The electronics have become tools to get real-time information in this IT era, for example, desktop computers, notebook computers, hand-held tablet computers and smart mobile phones, all of which are capable of catching Internet information for users.
A user usually gets Internet information through a software interface or a browser in which an IP address is mostly derived from a search engine. In the other hand, a user has more changes to receive IP addresses such as an IP address for on-sale information and a lengthy IP address from other channels while running the above equipment. Currently, an IP address can be provided by an addresser based on an URL (Uniform Resource Locator), a shortened URL or an "OR" code: an URL, which is lengthy or misspelled, is seldom considered; a shortened URL better than a complete URL avoids misspelling; an "OR" code recording information in icons which can be scanned by a scanner is a popular convenient method to get an IP address.
The patents for navigation methods are shown as follows.
Patent No. TW 1329447 discloses a text transmission system based on WAP PUSH and a method thereof. The text messages initiatively sent to a user's mobile phone supporting the WAP PUSH function by the text transmission system include texts and a WAP URL through which a user links a WAP server by the GPRS protocol in the mobile phone and browses complete messages. In order to conveniently and effectively provide text message services, the invention based on the GPRS network rather than mobile phones or web pages for transmission of text messages sends a text message to a user for browsing complete texts without troubles like spam and supplies diversified value-added mobile communications services for a WAP cell phone.
Patent No. TW 1256825 discloses a fast cell-phone Internet accessing service and an operating method thereof In the fast cell-phone Internet accessing service, Internet is immediately available to a mobile phone user, who enters an IP address through numeric keys and clicks on the Internet accessing button, for promotional service efficiency of mobile Internet via a mobile phone. The intention is characteristic of pre-stored character strings for automatic links, for example, prefix, center or postfix character strings in a web address, by which a user can enter a web address and access a website rapidly.
Patent No. TW 479431 discloses a scanner directly linking a website and a method thereof. Based on a "one touch" operation, the invention is used to upload scanned images into a website and edit the website or the images when a "one touch" control command is entered into a user's scanner and a computer system connected to the scanner links a specific website. Moreover, the user can upload images scanned by the scanner to the website through the "one touch" operation. Before uploading scanned images, the user is able to check or change the website's IP address.
Patent No. TW 507130 discloses a method for website connection and a system thereof The invention used in linking a client computer to World Wide Web (WWW) is to provide a database in the network connection system with telephone-like website data such as a country code, an area code and a phone number corresponding to an IP address. When an IP address to be linked is entered via a homepage on a browser or a network connection system, a search for the IP address is activated in a database to list the IP address, at least one similar IP address, or no IP address for a user. Next, the client computer may link the website, display other options including similar information for the user, or ask the user to enter a new IP address again.
However, the above patented technologies with purposes of improving how to enter an IP address and display contents with respect to the IP address still have some problems such as support equipment to process QR codes and security of keeping an effective link.
Accordingly, a safety navigation device and an executing method thereof in the present disclosure are intended to correct the above problems.

Safety navigation device and an executing method thereof


In a broadband printed dipole antenna for wireless applications, metal plates of a radiation portion, a feed-in portion and a bandwidth modulation portion are formed on a substrate. Two radiation portions come with a specific shape and have an interval between the two radiation portions. The feed-in portion is composed of two separated long bars and coupled to one of the specific shaped radiation portions. The bandwidth modulation portion is disposed symmetrically adjacent to the feed-in portion, such that the impedance matching can be adjusted to form a broadband dipole antenna for WiMAX applications.

Manufacturers and designers have invested tremendously on the research and development of dual-band or tri-band dipole antennas for WiMAX/WLAN, and some of the research results are disclosed in the following patents and patent applications: (1) R.O.C. Pat. No. 1283945 entitled "Dual-band dipole antenna", (2) R.O.C. Pat. Publication No. 200727533 entitled "Planar dipole antenna", (3) R.O.C. Pat. Publication No. 200701556 entitled "Dual-band dipole antenna", (4) R.O.C. Pat. Publication No. 200719532 entitled "Dipole antenna", (5) U.K. Pat. Application No. 0518996.4 entitled "Balanced antenna devices" and (6) U.S. Pat Application No. [2005/0035919A1] of application Ser. No. 10/641,913 entitled "Multi-band printed dipole antenna".
However, the aforementioned patents (1), (2) and (3) achieve their functions by a more complicated structure, a heavier weight and a higher cost, and a more difficult way of integrating a radio frequency circuit system. The aforementioned patents (4), (5) and (6) can be operated by a wideband or dual-band antennas only. On the other hand, a printed structure of the present invention comes with a light weight, a low profile, a low cost and an easy way of integrating a radio frequency circuit system.

Wideband printed dipole antenna for wireless applications


A Flash EEPROM having negative voltage generator means for generating a negative voltage to be supplied to control gate electrodes of memory cells for erasing the memory cells. The Flash EEPROM also has first positive voltage generator means for generating a first positive voltage, independent from an external power supply of the Flash EEPROM, to be supplied to source regions of the memory cells during erasing.

The present invention relates to a Flash EEPROM with on-chip erase source voltage generator.
It is known that Flash Electrically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memories (shortly, Flash EEPROMs) have memory cells which are formed by floating-gate MOSFETs. Each floating-gate MOSFET comprises an N type source region and an N type drain region both formed in a spaced-apart condition in a P type semiconductor substrate. The portion of the P type substrate comprised between the source and drain regions forms a channel region, and a floating gate electrode is placed above the channel region with the interposition of a gate oxide layer having thickness of the order of 100 Angstroms. A control gate electrode is insulatively disposed over the floating gate electrode.
Flash EEPROM memory cell is written by means of injection of hot electrons from a portion of the channel region near the drain region into the floating gate. To activate hot-electron injection, the source region is normally grounded, the control gate electrode is biased with a voltage in the range 9-12 V and the drain region is biased with a voltage in the range 4-7 V. The negative charge trapped in the floating gate increases the threshold voltage of the floating-gate MOSFET, i.e. the minimum voltage that must be applied to the control-gate electrode to determine the formation of an N type inversion layer in the channel region.
Erasure of the Flash EEPROM memory cell is achieved by means of Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) tunneling of electrons from the floating gate to the source region through the gate oxide layer. To activate F-N tunneling, a sufficiently high electric potential difference between the source region and the floating gate must be created, to develop a strong electric field in the gate oxide layer. The known expression of the F-N current is:
IF-N=A*Eox2*exp(xe2x88x92B/Eox)xe2x80x83xe2x80x83(1)
where A and B are constants; Eox is the electric field in the gate oxide layer, given by:
Eox=(VSxe2x88x92VFGxe2x88x92"PHgr")/Toxxe2x80x83xe2x80x83(2)
where VS is the electric potential applied to the source region, VFG is the electric potential of the floating gate (which is a function of the electric potential of the source and drain regions, of the substrate and of the control gate electrode, and of the charge trapped in the floating gate), "PHgr" is the voltage drop in the source region and Tox is the gate oxide layer thickness. The F-N current is a measure of the rate at which electrons are extracted from the floating gate: the higher the F-N current, the shorter the erasing time of the memory cell.
As known, in Flash EEPROMs all the memory cells, or at least large groups of them (called sectors), have their respective source regions tied to a common source line. The erasure is thus a global operation simultaneously involving a large number of memory cells.
According to a known technique, the electric potential difference between the source regions and the floating gates of the memory cells necessary to activate F-N tunneling is created by biasing the common source line of the memory cells to be erased with a voltage of approximately 12 V, and keeping the control gate electrodes grounded; the drain regions are instead left floating.
Actually, it is not possible to directly supply the source regions of the memory cells with the whole 12 V potential, because this would cause the junction between the source regions and the substrate (which is tied to ground) to break down. The electric potential actually applied to the source regions must thus be limited to a value suitable to not cause junction breakdown. This limits the F-N current, especially in the final phases of the erasure when the negative charge trapped in the floating gate has become small and its electric potential is less negative. As a consequence, the erasing time of the memory cells becomes quite long. Differently said, the erasing time of the memory cells is limited by the maximum voltage that can be applied to the source regions of the memory cells without causing the breakdown of the source regions-substrate junction.
Another drawback of this technique is that it imposes the use of an external power source for the 12 V potential, in addition to the usual 5 V (or 3 V) external power source. Even if breakdown of the source regions-substrate junction is prevented, the high reverse bias of this junction causes a significant leakage current to flow from the source regions to the substrate, which makes it impracticable the adoption of an on-chip charge pump for generating the 12 V potential.
According to another known technique, described for example in the co-pending European Patent Application No. 95830253.1 filed on Jun. 19, 1995 in the name of the same Applicant, the electric potential difference between the source regions and the floating gates of the memory cells necessary to activate F-N tunneling is created by applying to the control gate electrodes of the memory cells a negative voltage in the range xe2x88x928 V to xe2x88x9212 V, generated directly on-chip by means of charge pumps, and connecting the common source line of the memory cells to be erased to the VCC pin of the Flash EEPROM. In this way, the source electrode bias voltage is provided by the VCC external supply, and the negative voltage for the control gate can be generated directly on-chip by means of charge pumps. The memory device thus requires a single external supply, i.e. the conventional VCC supply.
A feedback resistor is normally provided in series to the VCC pin and the common source line of the memory cells to be erased, for the reasons explained hereinafter.
The electric field in the gate oxide layer causes the energy bands at the surface of the source regions of the memory cells to bend; if the electric field is sufficiently high, the band bending exceeds the energy bandgap Eg of the semiconductor material (1.2 eV for silicon) and there is a finite probability for electrons in the valence band to tunnel into the conduction band. Electron-hole pairs are thus generated which give rise to a source-to-substrate current (Band-to-Band Tunneling current or BBT current). BBT current is given by:
xe2x80x83IBBT=C*Esixe2x88x922*exp(xe2x88x92D/Esi)xe2x80x83xe2x80x83(3)
where C and D are constants and Esi is the electric field at the surface of the source regions of the memory cells, given by:
Esi=(VSxe2x88x92VFGxe2x88x921.2)/(3*Tox)xe2x80x83xe2x80x83(4)
Equations (1)-(4) show that the F-N current and the BBT current depend in a similar way on the same parameters, so that if in the attempt to reduce the erasing time of the memory cells the F-N current is increased, also the BBT current increases. Moreover, the BBT current is normally several orders of magnitude higher than the F-N current. The feedback resistor allows to limit the source current of the memory cells during erasure, especially in its initial phases when, due to the negative charge trapped in the floating gate, Eox and Esi are maximum and there is a peak in the BBT current. The voltage drop across the feedback resistor, due to the BBT current, limits the electric potential of the source regions of the memory cells, thus limiting the BBT current.
The value of the feedback resistor is chosen on the basis of the maximum allowed source-to-substrate current. At the beginning of erasure, the voltage drop across the feedback resistor is maximum, then as electrons are extracted from the floating gate the potential of the floating gate raises, the electric field in the gate oxide layer decreases and the BBT current diminishes; the voltage drop across the feedback resistor also decreases, and the potential of the source regions of the memory cells raises toward the VCC value. In the final phases of erasure, when the BBT current is low, the potential of the source regions is substantially equal to VCC.
It can be shown that with the feedback resistor, even if the source voltage of the memory cells progressively approaches the VCC value, the electric field in the gate oxide layer of the memory cells lowers as electrons are extracted from the floating gate. This causes an undesired lengthening of the erasing time.
Furthermore, the erasing time of the memory cells is limited by the actual VCC value. The external supply value can vary within a specified range around its nominal value; normally said range is +/xe2x88x9210% of the nominal value. For example, in the most common case of a 5 V nominal external supply, the actual power supply can vary from 4.5 V to 5.5 V. In the case of a 3 V nominal external supply, the actual power supply can be as low as 2.7 V.
A possible way to overcome the abovementioned problem would be to make the negative voltage of the control gate electrodes more negative. This however could require the adoption of more complicated manufacturing processes, to prevent junction breakdown problems related to the high negative voltages.
In view of the state of art described, it is an object of the present invention to provide a Flash EEPROM requiring a single power supply, suitable to overcome the abovementioned drawbacks. More specifically, the object of the present invention is to provide a Flash EEPROM exploiting the erasing technique described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,659,502, assigned to STMicroelectronics, Srl, but whose erasing time is not limited by the value of the external power supply.
According to the present invention, such object is attained by means of a Flash EEPROM comprising negative voltage generator means for generating a negative voltage to be supplied to control gate electrodes of memory cells for erasing the memory cells, characterized by comprising positive voltage generator means for generating a positive voltage, independent from an external power supply of the Flash EEPROM, to be supplied to source regions of the memory cells during erasing.
Thanks to the present invention, the erasing time of the memory cells is not limited by the value of the external power supply of the Flash EEPROM.
The positive voltage generator means comprises a positive charge pump means which, starting from the external power supply, generates a positive voltage higher than the external power supply, and voltage regulation means associated to said positive charge pump means for regulating the positive voltage generated by the positive charge pump means to provide a positive voltage independent from the value of the external power supply.
The positive charge pump means are electrically equivalent to a voltage generator with a series impedance (the intrinsic output impedance of the charge pump). The voltage regulation means regulates the value of the voltage generator, i.e. the open-circuit value of the voltage generated by the positive charge pump means, so that said open-circuit value is independent from the external power supply. At the beginning of erasing, when the BBT current is maximum, the voltage supplied to the source regions of the memory cells is lower than the open-circuit value of the voltage generated by the charge pump. The output impedance of the charge pump thus limits the source current of the memory cells during erasing. In the final phases of erasing, when the source current of the memory cells is almost zero, the voltage supplied to the source regions of the memory cells approaches the regulated open-circuit value of the voltage generated by the charge pump. Both the regulated open-circuit value of the voltage generated by the charge pump and its output impedance depend on design parameters, and not on the value of the external power supply. It is thus possible to choose the right combination of values for the regulated open-circuit voltage and the output impedance of the charge pump suitable to assure that the electric field in the gate oxide layer of the memory cells remains constant during all the erasing process.
Advantageously, the positive voltage generator means, i.e. the positive charge pump means and the voltage regulation means, can be used to supply a positive voltage to drain regions of the memory cells during programming. This only requires switch means to selectively couple the regulated positive voltage either to the source regions of the memory cells during erasure or to the drain regions of the memory cells during programming.


A method and apparatus is presented for designing an RF modular hybrid circuit assembly. The apparatus comprises a rule-based control mechanism, a graphical user interface and a library of RF hybrid elements including model front- and back-sides, and input/output instances. The method comprises the steps of initializing standardized front- and back-plane models, adding input/output instances along the perimeter of the back-plane, designing the hybrid circuit on the front-plane and combining the two planes to arrive at an RF modular hybrid layout design. A data library of RF hybrid elements is provided to facilitate rapid prototyping. The final design is then sent concurrently to a photo-plotter and a laser subsystem for printing the thick-film and cutting the PTHs respectively.

Computer-aided design (CAD) systems provide the engineer with the capability to design and test products via computer simulation. Many CAD systems are geared towards generic circuit simulation with little or no support for system-specific design. Generic CAD systems often contain hundreds of functions in order to be general-purpose. The engineer using this type of system must acquire a working knowledge of most of these functions in order to use the tool. This leaves the engineer in the unenviable position of first learning the intricacies of the tool, which can take weeks or months, before any development can begin.
A second disadvantage of the generic CAD system, stemming again from the generality, is the fact that the system does not constrain the engineer to use the tool in a way that will yield rapid prototype designs. This is due in large part to effort creating system-specific libraries of elements, rather than designing the actual circuit to be prototyped. The effort put forth creating libraries increases as the complexity of the prototype increases.
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for the computer-aided design of RF modular hybrid packages. The method comprises the steps of initializing standardized front- and back-plane models, adding input/output instances along the perimeter of the back-plane, designing the hybrid circuit on the front-plane and combining the two planes to arrive at an RF modular hybrid layout design. A data library of RF hybrid elements is provided to facilitate rapid prototyping.

Method and apparatus for computer-aided design of different-sized RF modular hybrid circuits


An illuminated holiday window display ornament formed by a ring frame having ornamentation including LED lights attached to one side with support stanchions projecting through the ornamentation and having glass panel attaching suction cups at the ends thereof. A housing at the bottom of the frame contains a battery compartment, on/off switch and music sounding chip and speaker.

This invention concerns ornaments and more particularly an illuminated holiday ornament adapted for window display. Holiday ornaments such as Christmas wreaths are typically hung on walls and the exterior of doors for display during the holiday season by the use of a fastener driven into the surface of the wall or door.
Strings of lights are sometimes also utilized requiring the use of extension cords and the like limiting the locations where the wreath may be displayed and also complicating the hanging.
Christmas wreaths are sometimes hung in front of windows for display requiring the use of wires to suspend the same in front of the window, or some other inconvenient mounting arrangement.
It would be advantageous to simplify the mounting arrangements for display in windows, both for private enjoyment and/or commercial use. It would also be advantageous to be able to mount such ornaments in the windows of moving vehicles, which presents a more difficult problem than glassed windows in stationary buildings in that the mounting arrangement must be secure enough to withstand the forces generated as the vehicle is driven around corners and over bumpy streets. The absence in auto interiors of wood framing members to provide convenient mounting structure also presents difficulties as does the powering of lights associated with wreaths.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,016,145 describes an illuminated display for use in vehicle windows. The display in this instance is limited to a greeting message and also requires a cumbersome power cord arrangement plugged into the vehicle cigarette lighter. An indirect illumination method is employed, requiring a bulb requiring significant electrical power.
See also U.S. Pat. No. 4,965,705 which does describe an LED ornament pin for personal wear which is battery powered, but is not contemplated being used as a window display ornament.
Accordingly the object of the present invention is to provide an illuminated window display holiday ornament such as a Christmas wreath which is adapted for convenient mounting on windows both in buildings and vehicles.


The present invention discloses a probe cover for an ear thermometer, which comprises: a film cover and a base. The film cover has a cover window able to contact the probe window at the front end of the ear thermometer, a hollow cone able to contact the sidewall of the probe and a strengthened element able to contact the cover window and the hollow cone. The thickness of the cover window is same as the thickness of the strengthened element and greater than the thickness of the hollow cone. Thereby, the present invention can prevent the variation of infrared transmittance caused by the misarrangement and non-uniform thickness of the probe cover film disposed at the front of the probe window.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a probe cover for an ear thermometer, particularly to a design, which can prevent the variation of the infrared transmittance of the probe cover film and avoid the error of body temperature measurement.
2. Description of the Related Art
Nowadays, it is very popular to measure the body temperature with an ear thermometer. However, the ear thermometer has to reach into the ear canal. For sake of hygiene, the probe of an ear thermometer is sleeved with a probe cover lest dirt and germs pollute the probe.
FIG. 1A shows a probe cover of a tympanic thermometer and tympanic thermometer assembly disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,647,284 B1. The conventional probe cover comprises a base 16 and a frustum-shaped sheath 12. The frustum-shaped sheath 12 has a cover window 121 able to contact the probe window 14 of an ear thermometer and a cover sidewall 122 able to contact the probe casing. The cover window 121 is thicker than the cover sidewall 122; moreover, the thickness of the cover sidewall 122 is gradually getting thinner from the base 16 to the cover window 121. Thus, the thickness of the probe cover is b<c<d<a.
Refer to FIG. 1B. However, when the probe is sleeved with the frustum-shaped sheath 12, the cover window 121 is usually hard to exactly coincide with the probe window 14, i.e. the film covering the probe window 14 is not completely the film of the cover window 121 but partially the film of the cover sidewall 122. In such a case, the infrared light will pass a film with a non-uniform thickness so the result of temperature measurement will be inaccurate. Furthermore, the other consideration causes a heavy burden which is that the cover window 121 needs to be situated exactly in the center of the frustum-shaped sheath 12 during manufacturing. Otherwise, the conventional probe cover will be unsuitable to coincide with the the probe.
Accordingly, the present invention proposes a probe cover for an ear thermometer to overcome the abovementioned problem.


A safety racket includes a head frame, a handle, a connecting portion, several nail members and a string. The head frame has a plurality of through holes. The connecting portion connects between the head frame and the handle. The nail members each have a head and at least one body extending along an axial direction from the head and inserted into the through hole. The body of the nail member has a distal end protruding from the through hole, and a lateral hole positioned at the distal end and extending along a direction substantially perpendicular to the axial direction. The string passes through the lateral hole and interweaved to form a net surface. Since the string is not exposed outside the head frame, the string is well protected to avoid damaging by external objects. The racket also has excellent shock-absorbing effect due to elastic material, such as rubber and plastic, adopted by the nail members.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to sports goods and more particularly, to a safety racket, which has excellent shock-absorbing effect and the string of the safety racket is protected from external objects.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional racket has a head frame, a handle and a connecting portion connected the head frame and the handle. The head frame has a plurality of through holes for passing by a string. During installation, the string is passed through one of the through holes outward, then bent around the outer periphery of the head frame, and then passed through another through hole inward. Part of the string is exposed outside the head frame such that the string is probably damaged or broken by external force. Besides, due to the string is stopped directly against the outer periphery of the head frame; the shock energy is transmitted from the string directly to the head frame and the handle when the racket hits the ball. The user receives a larger shock power when using the racket.


A power supply unit that allows a main battery and an auxiliary battery to be charged by a system power supply is disclosed. The first and second bridge circuits of the power supply unit are each formed of four switching elements. The transformer of the power supply unit has a primary winding connected to the first bridge circuit, and a secondary winding connected to the second bridge circuit. The DC/DC converter of the power supply unit allows the auxiliary battery to be connected to the first and second circuits. The controller of the power supply unit controls the switching elements of the first bridge circuit, the switching elements of the second bridge circuit, and the switching element of the DC/DC converter such that power that has been charged to the main battery is output as an AC voltage having voltage and frequency for electric appliances.

The present invention is related to a power supply unit, more specifically to a power supply unit that is provided with a main battery and an auxiliary battery which supplies a voltage lower than the main battery and allows both batteries to be charged by a system power supply.
A hybrid car that is provided with an engine (internal combustion engine) has been applied to a practical use. In the hybrid car, drive wheels are driven by a motor at starting or in a lower speed range and the drive wheels are driven by the engine in middle and higher speed ranges to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust gas. Recently, a plug-in hybrid car that is provided with a battery that can be charged by a system power supply or a domestic power supply has been proposed to further reduce environmental load. For example, when a motor is driven by a battery that is charged with midnight power, a car can run a longer distance in an electric vehicle mode and the ratio of using electric power is increased compared to the ratio of using gasoline or other fuels. Therefore, compared to a general hybrid car, it is expected to reduce an emission of carbon dioxide and prevent air pollution. Since the system power supply reduces cost compared to supplying electric power separately, a fuel cost can be reduced if a battery is charged with low-cost midnight power.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 8-317508 discloses a charging device provided with a main battery and auxiliary battery that are charged by an external AC power supply. In the charging device disclosed in the publication, when the charging device is disconnected from the AC power supply, the auxiliary battery can be charged with electric power that is charged to the main battery. The charging device is provided with a rectifier, a reactor for smoothing, a switching circuit, and a transformer. The rectifier rectifies the AC power supplied from the AC power supply. The reactor is connected to an output terminal of the rectifier. The switching circuit controls output of the DC power supplied from the rectifier via the reactor. The transformer has a primary winding that is connected to the switching circuit, a secondary winding for the main battery, and a plurarity of secondary wingings for the main battery and the auxiliary battery. The charging device has an element that is connected to the secondary winding for the main battery of the transformer and allows electricity to flow bidirectionally. The charging device further has a switching rectifier circuit and another rectifier circuit. The switching rectifier circuit rectifies the AC voltage induced in the secondary winding and switches an output of the DC voltage supplied from the main battery. The another rectifier circuit is connected to the secondary winding for the auxiliary battery of the transformer and rectifies the AC voltage induced in the secondary winding. Further, the charging device has a control circuit that controls a switching operation of the switching circuit and the switching rectifier circuit.
When various electric appliances are used in a vehicle or outdoors, it has been conventionally required that DC power supplied from the battery of the vehicle be converted to AC power of 100 V by a DC/AC inverter.
In the charging device of the above publication, the AC power supplied from an external AC power supply is rectified by the rectifier, and thereafter supplied to a primary side of the transformer via the switching circuit and charged to the main battery and the auxiliary battery. The power that has been charged to the main battery can be charged to the auxiliary battery via the transformer.
Recently, it has been considered to be important that the electric appliances can be driven by the battery of a vehicle in case of emergency. However, since the main battery and the auxiliary battery of the charging device function as DC power supplies, they do not supply AC power for driving electric appliances. Therefore, it is required to provide a DC/AC inverter separately to use the main battery as a power supply for electric appliances. This increases the size of the device and makes it difficult to obtain a mounting space of the device.


A downhole tool, such as a packer or liner hanger, has a mandrel on which slips are disposed for engaging a surrounding tubular downhole. When the tool is being run in or out of the hole, at least one magnetic component magnetically retains the slip adjacent the mandrel so the slip can be held away from the surrounding tubular. When the tool is set downhole, the initial magnetic retention can be broken, and the slips can be moved away from the mandrel to engage the surface of the surrounding tubular.

When a downhole tool, such as a packer or liner hanger, is run downhole, fluid and debris traveling past the tool can sometimes move the tool's slips outward, potentially damaging the slips, hindering the tool's deployment, or affecting the function of the slips once the tool is set at depth.
In FIG. 1, for example, a slip 20 is positioned on a tool housing or mandrel 10 between a movable wedge 12 and another (fixed or movable) wedge 14. When the tool mandrel 10 is set at depth, activation of the tool moves the wedges 12 and 14 closer together to push the slip away from the mandrel 10 so it can engage the inside of a surrounding tubular. To retain the slip 20 during deployment, a plurality of rings 30 fit through the slip 20 and around the mandrel 10. When the wedges 12/14 are separated as shown, the rings 30 hold the slip 20 next to the mandrel 10 so that the slip 20 does not extend beyond the tool's profile. When pushed out from the mandrel 10, however, the slip 20 overcomes the hold of the rings 30.
In addition to rings, other features such as springs, shear pins, and cages may be used to retain the slips in place until the tool is set at its desired depth. For example, a bow or leaf spring 32 can be positioned in FIG. 1 between the cage 16 and the slip 20 to bias the slip 20 against the mandrel 10. Although some of these features can retain the slip 20 while the tool is both run-in and pulled-out-of the hole, retaining the slips 20 with some of these features can be used only for running-in hole. For example, a shear pin may no longer be used to retain the slip once broken. Therefore, problems with debris and fluid passing around the unretained slip may occur as the tool is pulled out of the hole.
Although shown in a diagrammatic fashion in FIG. 1, use of the rings 30 (as well as other features such as springs, pins, and the like) to mechanically retain the slips 20 typical requires some mechanical complexity to achieve the desired retention on an actual tool. The mechanical complexity makes manufacture and assembly of a tool more involved and expensive, and can lead to a higher potential for mechanical failure in the tool. What is needed is a technique to retain slips on a downhole tool that requires less complexity and that can be effective as the tool is run-in and pulled-out-of a hole.

Magnetic slip retention for downhole tool