An Internet Protocol (IP) network node attempts to establish and maintain connectivity to both the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) networks on initialization of one of the operating system and a program application. The IP node includes program instructions for determining IP addresses of all network interfaces associated with the node; program instructions for identifying all usable Internet protocols available on the node; program instructions for determining whether one of IPv4 and IPv6 are usable for communications with other IP nodes; and program instructions for establishing a tunnel through one of the IPv4 and IPv6 networks to a gateway for the other of IPv4 an IPv6 networks if the program instructions determine that either one of the IPv4 and IPv6 networks are not usable for communications with the other IP nodes.

Internet Protocol (IP) is a communications protocol that has been widely accepted as a preferred method of communicating information between both fixed and mobile devices. IP is a packet-based communication protocol in which addressed packets are forwarded by packet routers to receiving devices. Internet Protocol version 4 is currently the most widely deployed version of IP. However, the broad acceptance of IP has placed considerable strain on the 32-bit addressing scheme available in IPv4. IPv4 addresses are now substantially exhausted. Much of the developing world has no access to the IPv4 address base. Consequently, the Internet Engineering Tasked Force (IETF) developed a new Internet Protocol Standard (RFCs 2460). Among other improvements, IPv6 extends the Internet Protocol address to a 128 bit value. IPv6 makes available adequate address space for the foreseeable future.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the current IP network, and a few exemplary devices its supports. As shown, a legacy IPv4 network 100 is interconnected (by gateways well known in the art) to isolated IPv6 networks 110, 120. The IPv4 network 100 supports a plurality of nodes such as nodes 130, 132, 134. The IPv6 network 110 also supports a plurality of nodes such as nodes 134, 136. The nodes are connected to the respective IP networks in many known ways, including via Internet service providers, and local area networks (LANs), such as LAN 140, through which IP node 130 accesses the IP network.
In order to facilitate routing across IP networks, tunnel protocols have been defined. Tunnel protocols exist to define paths for data traffic in accordance with provisioned parameters (bit rate, security, etc.) over IPv4 networks, in a manner well known in the art. Similarly, tunnel protocols have been specified for IPv6. Tunnel brokers 150 (two shown) have been used to permit tunnels to be set up across IPv4 and IPv6 networks. Tunnel brokers 150 generally do not form a part of the inter-network path over which the tunnel is defined, but rather are instrumental in dynamically establishing tunnels between two or more connected IP networks.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, many LANs and various other private computer networks employ firewalls etc. that include the functionality of a network address translator (NAT) 160. NATs are known for extending addressing capabilities of a network by permitting a connected private network (e.g. LAN 140) to use a private addressing scheme that may conflict with address assignment in the public network (e.g. IPv4 network 100). The NAT 160 maintains a table associating LAN originating addresses with IPv4 destination addresses so that on receipt of a reply message from the IPv4 network 100, the NAT can match the origination address of the reply message with destination addresses in the table to identify the LAN 140 address to which the message should be routed.
The growth of wireless web-enabled devices (personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other wireless web browsers, 3-G and 4-G cellular phones, wireless Application Protocol (WAP) devices etc.) generates a considerable demand for IPv4 and IPv6 network access. In a manner well known in the art, web-enabled cell phones 170, 172 access IPv4 network 100/IPv6 network 120 via respective transceivers 180, 182, respectively.
It is well known that IPv4 and IPv6 are not compatible because of the differences in address space. IPv4 and IPv6 networks can only be interconnected through gateway nodes provisioned with both IPv4 and IPv6 network stacks. Nonetheless, because of the current lack of available IPv4 address space, IPV6 networks are being deployed and connected to the IPv4 network. As the conversion to IPv6 continues, more and more new service offerings are becoming available only in the IPv6 networks space. At the same time, most available legacy service offerings are enabled only in the IPv4 network.
Consequently, a great deal of effort has gone into developing ways to permit IPv6 devices to communicate through the IPv4 network (as described in applicant's U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/1935396 filed Jul. 16, 2002 entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING IPV6 DEVICES THROUGH AN IPV4 NETWORK USING A TUNNELING PROTOCOL; and applicant's U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/337428 filed Jan. 7, 2003 and entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING IPV6 DEVICES THROUGH IPV4 NETWORK AND A NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATOR).
Methods have also been developed for connecting IPv4 devices through an IPv6 network using a tunnel setup protocol. For example, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/286137 filed Nov. 1, 2002 describes a method and apparatus for connecting IPv4 devices through an IPv6 network using a tunnel setup protocol. However, as the IPv6 network is increasingly deployed, the requirement for communications with devices in both the IPv4 and IPv6 networks increases because many services available in either IPv4 or IPv6 are not being made available in the other network.
Efforts have therefore been made to permit IPv6 nodes to connect to nodes in the IPv4 network. For example, International Application Number PCT/GB03/01256 teaches an address resolver system that assists a node in an IPv6 network to select an address for connectivity to a node in an IPv4 network when both DSTM and NAT-PT transition mechanisms are available. The address resolver determines capabilities of the node and an application that requested a connection in order to select a most appropriate transition mechanism.
Although it is desirable that all IP nodes be provided with both an IPv4 and an IPv6 stack, simple provision of a dual stack does not solve the problem of connectivity. Neither IPv4 nor IPv6 are ubiquitously available. Consequently, even dual stack devices are often unable to communicate with both the IPv4 and IPv6 networks at any time that communications is desired.
There therefore exists a need for an IP network node that automatically and autonomously establishes connectivity to both the IPv4 and IPv6 networks.

IP network node and middleware for establishing connectivity to both the IPv4 and IPv6 networks


An assembly of electronic modules comprises electronic modules supported by a support structure. Each electronic module is in the form of electronic components stacked on at least two levels which are separated by an intermediate layer. Each electronic module comprises at least one hole formed in the intermediate layer. The support structure comprises at least one rod element that is introduced into respective holes of successive modules.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns an assembly of electronic modules. This assembly comprises a plurality of electronic modules supported by a support structure.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Each electronic module is in the form of electronic components stacked on at least two levels which are separated by an intermediate dielectric layer. By way of non-limiting example, American patent U.S. Pat. No. 5,309,122 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/825,956 each propose a particular type of electronic module.
American patent U.S. Pat. No. 4,987,425 proposes an assembly of electronic modules forming an antenna with radiating elements. The assembly uses a support structure made from a carbon fibre material that is metalized on its surface to assure a shielding and heat evacuation function. This support structure defines a plurality of individual cells disposed in a matrix in the manner of "honeycomb". The electronic modules are disposed inside these cells. On its upper surface the support structure supports an antenna body to which radiating elements are fixed. Each radiating element radiates in response to receiving an output signal produced by an electronic module. The lower surface of the support structure defines a base supporting conductive connecting elements adapted to apply input signals to the electronic modules.
A first disadvantage of the assembly described in this American patent U.S. Pat. No. 4,987,425 is the use of a relatively bulky support structure. Moreover, reducing the weight of the support structure implies the use of a carbon fiber material that is covered with a metallic layer. This metalization step makes the manufacture of the support structure more difficult. Moreover, the evacuation of the heat produced by the electronic modules is not optimal.
A first object of the invention is to provide an assembly of electronic modules in which the support structure is less bulky and simpler to manufacture than in the prior art. Another object of the invention is to offer an assembly offering better heat evacuation than in the prior art.

Alcatel Alsthom Compagnie Generale D'Electricite


A display device includes a display element configured to generate a first color light, an encapsulation member on the display element and including an inorganic layer at an outermost portion thereof, a color conversion layer on the encapsulation member and including a first color conversion part configured to transmit the first color light, a second color conversion part configured to convert the first color light into a second color light, and a third color conversion part configured to convert the first color light into a third color light, and a buffer layer between the encapsulation member and the color conversion layer, wherein a difference in refractive index between the buffer layer and the inorganic layer is about 0.5 or less.

The present disclosure herein relates to a display device. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a display device in which damage to a color conversion layer is minimized or reduced, and light extraction efficiency is improved.
Various display devices for use in multimedia devices such as televisions, mobile phones, navigation systems, computer monitors, game machines, and the like are being developed. In recent years, development of organic light emitting diodes and the like that are capable of being applied to large-sized display devices is being carried out.
In order to improve light efficiency of a display device and color reproducibility, application of a light emitting body such as quantum dots is increasing.

Display device comprising buffer layer and encapsulation layer


A method for making a heat treated (HT) coated article including an electrode, to be used in applications such as windows, electronic devices, or other applications. The method may include heat treating a substrate coated with at least a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer and an overlying film. From the TCO outwardly, the overlying film may include any combination of two, three or four of: (i) a gettering and/or doping layer(s); (ii) a stabilizing layer(s); (iii) a release layer(s); and (iv) an oxygen blocking or barrier layer. After HT, the protective film may be entirely or partially removed. Other embodiments relate to the pre-HT coated article, or the post-HT coated article.

Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films of materials such as ITO, tin oxide, cadmium oxide, and the like are known in the art. Although there are many materials that are either (a) electrically conductive or (b) optically substantially transparent in the visible, TCOs exhibit a useful compromise of both these desirable properties. The metric that encodes this combination of properties is the ratio of σdc/σopt. According to electromagnetic theory, high conductivity and optical transparency are mutually exclusive properties. This is due to the fact that when there is a large density of charge carriers available to give rise to high electrical conduction; the incoming electromagnetic radiation is dissipated due to skin effect of the free charge carriers or simply reflected if the frequency of excitation is too high for the carriers to follow.
In semi-conducting oxide films such as tin oxide and indium oxide, good transparency and electrical conductivity can be obtained by adding dopants that enter substitutionally into the lattice or by adjusting the preparation condition, thereby obtaining a controlled non-stoichiometry of the material. Since the doping is done on an insulator whose band gap is greater than 3 eV, the material transmits most part of the visible radiation. Doping leads to two categories of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), namely p-type and n-type. Binary compounds such as tin oxide, indium oxide and zinc oxide are n-type dopable transparent conducting oxides. CuAlO2, CuGaO2 and SrCu2O are p-type TCO compounds. The fact that these high performance TCOs rely on (i) binary, ternary or quarternary alloys and (ii) on controlled doping make their high temperature processing in ambient conditions very difficult. It is known in the art that a permanent thin dielectric barrier over the TCO can improve thermal processability to about 350-400 C, but this solution makes electrical contact to the film non-viable for most applications.
Commonly used as TCO electrodes in many opto-electronics applications, In2O3 and In2O3:SnO2 (a form of ITO) are known wide band-gap oxide semiconductors (3.79 eV in bulk form). At low concentration of extrinsic dopant (e.g., SnO or Sn dopes indium oxide; or F does tin oxide), charge carriers are mainly attributed to oxygen vacancy defects, such as: Oo→½O2+V2++2e. Tin doping of In2O3 films to form ITO, for example, has been used to dramatically improve electrical conductivity where the substitution of two tin atoms and one oxygen interstitial form a charge neutral carrier site in addition to the intrinsic oxygen vacancy sites. A TCO in this respect is a degenerated semiconductor due to the dopant(s). Since grain boundaries act as impurity sinks, they are very relevant to electrical conduction. Therefore, changes in the grain boundary area per unit volume due to heat treatment will result in charge carrier concentration changes and eventually lead to large drifts in conductivity of the films. In addition, oxygen diffusion from the ambient atmosphere into the TCO film, as well as extrinsic dopants leaving the TCO film during HT, have the effect of adversely changing σdc/σopt.
However there are a range of applications whereby for various reasons the transparent substrates have to be heat-strengthened (e.g., glass to be thermally tempered) after TCO deposition thereon. Glass is often heat treated (HT), such as being thermally tempered, for safety and/or strengthening purposes. For example, glass substrates are often heat treated at a high temperature(s) (e.g., at least about 580 degrees C., more typically from about 600-650 degrees C.) for purposes of thermal tempering.
Accordingly, those skilled in the art will appreciate that a need in the art exists for a method of providing a heat treated (HT) coated article including an electrode where following HT the electrode still possesses sufficient electrical conductivity. A need for corresponding coated articles, both heat treated and pre-HT, also exists.

Method of making heat treated coated article using TCO and removable protective film


A method can include performing an etching process to define a fin trench having a first depth, the first depth being less that a target height of fin. A method can also include forming a layer to protect sidewalls defining the fin trench. A method can also include performing a second etching process to increase a depth of fin trench.

For formation of a FinFET semiconductor structure a semiconductor substrate, a substrate can be provided. The substrate can be provided by silicon wafer. Fin trenches can be formed in the substrate to define fins. Fin trenches can be formed using an available etching technology. Hardmask layers can be used in the formation of trenches.
Formed fins that can be formed by way of trench formation can include a fin profile. In one aspect a fin profile can include a taper. A taper of a fin can increase with increases in fin height.


The invention relates to recombination systems and methods for eliminating nucleic acid sequences from the chromosomal DNA of eukaryotic organisms, and to transgenic organisms—preferably plants—which comprise these systems or were generated using these methods.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to recombination systems and methods for eliminating nucleic acid sequences from the genome of eukaryotic organisms, and to transgenic organisms—preferably plants—comprising these systems.
2. Description of the Background
The purpose of biotechnological research into organisms consists in, inter alia, obtaining commercially utilizable information on the function of certain genes and gene products and the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways or disease mechanisms. The information obtained in this manner can be employed in a multiplicity of ways. They serve for example for the production of novel medicaments, the development of alternative, biotechnological production methods or the generation of modified plants. An aim of biotechnological research into plants is the generation of plants with advantageous novel characteristics, for example for increasing agricultural productivity, improving the quality in foodstuffs or for the production of certain chemicals or pharmaceuticals (Dunwell J M, J Exp Bot. 2000; 51 Spec No: 487-96).
In the generation of transgenic organisms, selection of the organisms which have been modified in the desired manner is required owing to the poor efficacy of the methods used (such as, for example, stable transformation or, in particular, homologous recombination). Transgenic plants can be generated by a series of techniques (Review: Potrykus I. and Spangenberg G. ed. (1995) Gene transfer to plants. Springer, Berlin). In particular the gene transfer mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the bombardment of plant cells with the particle gun play an important role in this context. An important problem is the fact that transgenic DNA, once stably introduced into an organism, can only be removed with difficulty. The genes for resistance to antibiotics or herbicides, which are used during the transformation procedure for selection purposes, remain in the transgenic plants, which contributes substantially to the lack of acceptance of these "gene food" products among consumers.
It has therefore been attempted for some time to develop techniques by means of which foreign DNA can be integrated into the plant genome at the specific sites or reexcised therefrom (Ow D W and Medberry S L (1995) Crit Rev in Plant Sci 14:239-261).
The skilled worker is familiar with a variety of systems for the site-directed removal of recombinantly introduced nucleic acid sequences. They are based on the use of sequence—specific recombinases and two recognition sequences of said recombinases which flank the sequence to be removed. The effect of the recombinase on this construct brings about the excision of the flanked sequence, one of the recognition sequences remaining in the genome of the organism. Various sequence-specific recombination systems are described, such as the Cre/lox system of the bacteriophage P1 (Dale E C and Ow D W (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:10558-10562; Russell S H et al. (1992) Mol Gene Genet 234: 49-59; Osborne B I et al. (1995) Plant J. 7, 687-701), the yeast FLP/FRT system (Kilby N J et al. (1995) Plant J 8:637-652; Lyznik L A et al. (1996) Nucleic Acids Res 24:3784-3789), the Mu phage Gin recombinase, the E. coli Pin recombinase or the R/RS system of the plasmid pSR1 (Onouchi H et al. (1995) Mol. Gen. Genet. 247:653-660; Sugita Ket al. (2000) Plant J. 22:461-469). Here, the recombinase (for example Cre or FLP) interacts specifically with its corresponding recombination sequences (34 bp lox sequence and 47 bp FRT sequence, respectively) in order to delete or invert the interposed sequences. Reports on successful applications of these systems in plants are limited. Thus, David Ow's group has demonstrated that a selection marker used for the transformation of plants which was flanked by two lox sequences can be reexcised from the plant genome by the expression of Cre (Dale E C and Ow D W (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:10558-10562). A disadvantage of the sequence-specific recombination systems is the reversibility of the reaction, that is to say an equilibrium exists between excision and integration of the marker gene in question. This frequently brings about the selection of mutations, i.e. as soon as a mutation blocks the further interaction of the lox recognition sequences with the enzyme, the (undesired) product is removed from the equilibrium and fixed. This not only applies to the Cre-lox system, but also to the other sequence-specific recombinases (see above). A further disadvantage is the fact that one of the recognition sequences of the recombinase remains in the genome, which is thus modified. This may have effects on the characteristics of the organisms when, for example, the recognition sequence modifies or destroys reading frames or genetic control elements such as promotors or enhancers. Furthermore, the recognition sequence which remains in the genome excludes a further use of the recombination system, for example for a second genetic modification, since interactions with the subsequently introduced recognition sequences cannot be ruled out. Substantial chromosomal rearrangements or deletions may result.
Zubko et al. describe a system for the deletion of nucleic acid sequences from the tobacco genome, where the sequence to be deleted is flanked by two 352 bp attP recognition sequences from the bacteriophage Lambda. Deletion of the flanked region takes place independently of the expression of helper proteins in two of eleven transgenic tobacco lines by spontaneous intrachromosomal recombination between the attP recognition regions. The disadvantages of this method are that recombination, or deletion, cannot be induced specifically at a particular point in time, but takes place spontaneously. The fact that the method worked only in a small number of lines suggests that the integration locus in the cases in question tends to be unstable (Puchta H (2000) Trends in Plant Sci 5:273-274).
On page 12 in the key to FIG. 32, WO 96/14408 describes a method for eliminating a genetic locus in which in each case one recognition sequence of the homing restriction endonuclease I-SceI is inserted at the respective end of the sequence to be deleted. Treatment with the endonuclease leads to double-strand breaks at both ends of the sequence to be deleted. The free ends then join up by means of "recombination". The "recombination" cited here can only be an illegitimate recombination—as can also be seen from the Figure—(for example a non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) event), since no homologous sequences exist at the two remaining ends of the genomic DNA. Illegitimate recombination, however, leads to unpredictable recombination events. This may have effects on the characteristics of the organisms if for example reading frames or genetic control elements such as promotors or enhancers are modified or destroyed thereby. The system requires two recognition sequences which flank the fragment to be deleted.
The generation of sequence-specific double-strand breaks with the aid of restriction enzymes in eukaryotic genomes such as yeast (Haber J E (1995) Bioassays 17:609-620), mammalian cells (Jasin M (1996) Trends Genet. 12:224-228) or plants (Puchta H (1 999a) Methods Mol Biol 113:447-451) is described.
What is described is the induction of an intramolecular recombination on a plasmid DNA in Xenopus oocytes by sequence-specific cleavage with the endonuclease I-SceI (Segal D J and Caroll D (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:806-810) or by synthetic, chimeric nucleases (Bibikova M et al. (2001) Mol Cell Biol 21(1):289-297). The aim is the site-directed recombination between two homologous sequences between which a suitable nuclease cleavage site is located. Both cases are extrachromosomal recombination events in which in each case only part of the extra chromosomal plasmid DNA undergoes homologous recombination.
Posfai et al. describe a method for exchanging genes in the prokaryote E.coli (Posfai G et al. (1999) Nucleic Acids Res 27(22):4409-4415). Here, recombination between the endogenous and the mutated gene results in the E.coli genome, induced by cleavage with the restriction enzyme I-SceI. Aim and object was the exchange of an endogenous gene for a mutated transgene. Recombinations in E.coli proceed in a markedly simpler way and with greater efficacy than in higher eukaryotes (for example described by Kuzminov A (1999) Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 63(4):751-813).
Dürrenberger et al. describe the induction of recombination in chloroplasts of the single-celled green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using the I-SceI homing endonuclease (Dürrenberger F et al. (1996) Nucleic Acid Res 24(17):3323-3331). Recombination takes place between the endogenous 23S gene and an inserted 23S cDNA which contains a I-SceI cleavage site. Double-strand breaks are induced by mating the transgenic organism in question with an organism expressing I-SceI. Recombinations in chloroplasts proceed in a markedly simpler manner and with greater efficacy than in the chromosomal DNA of higher eukaryotes. Thus, indeed, homologous recombination appears to be the preferred, normal way of DNA integration in plastids (chloroplasts) (described in: Heifetz P B and Tuttle A M (2001) Curr Opinion Plant Biol 4:157-161). It appears that plastids have a specific system which enables them to undergo homologous recombination, as opposed to the nucleus, and facilitates the site-directed introduction of foreign DNA (Heifetz P B (2000) Biochimie 82:655-666).
The gene targeting technique, in which a site-directed integration into the chromosomal DNA of the host organism is to be achieved by means of homologous recombination works acceptably well only in the case of prokaryotes and yeast. The generation of corresponding transgenic organisms is possible in a few species only (such as, for example, mice) and even then highly complicated (see also Kanaar R Hoeijmakers J H (1997) Genes Funct 1(3):165-174). The existing, poor homologous recombination efficacy (approx. 1:1×106) is compensated for in this case by the use of complicated, sophisticated selection techniques which are limited to the species in question (such as, for example, "ES" cell technology). In other species—but above all in Higher Plants—such technologies have not been established as yet (Mengiste T and Paszkowski J (1999) Biol Chem. 380:749-758; Vergunst A C and Hooykaas P J J (1999) Crit Rev Plant Sci 18:1-31; Puchta H (1999) Methods Mol Biol 113:447-451; Hohn B and Puchta H (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:8321-8323). Attempts to achieve homologous recombination in plants resulted in random, nonhomologous "illegitimate" insertion events in most cases. Here, the DNA introduced is integrated at one or more unpredictable sites in the plant genome. Integration takes place by means of illegitimate recombination (Roth D B and Wilson J H (1988) illegitimate recombination in mammalian cells. In "Genetic recombination", R. Kucherlapati and G. R. Smith Edts., American Society of Microbiology, Washington, USA; pp.621-635) and not in sequence regions which are homologous to the transferred DNA (Puchta H and Hohn B (1996) Trends Plant Sci. 1:340-348). The problem of lacking efficacy in homologous recombination, which is serious predominantly in plants, is generally known to the skilled worker. The causes are addressed by current research (Review article: Mengiste T and Paszkowski J (1999) Biological Chemistry 380(7-8):749-58). Increasing the efficacy of homologous recombination has long been a need in plant biotechnology which is hitherto unresolved.
A further need which has long existed in biotechnological research and which is not addressed by any of the established systems is the provision of systems and methods which enables the site-directed elimination of nucleic acid sequences from the chromosomal DNA of a eukaryotic organism and allow the repeated application to the same organism. For example, it is an aim of plant biotechnology further to improve by means of recombinant methods existing high-yielding varieties. In this context, it is particularly important to eliminate, after the transformation has taken place, superfluous transgene sequences such as selection markers. In addition, methods for the predictable elimination of sequences, for example from the chromosomal DNA of an organism, would offer further applications in the field of genetic engineering which are of great interest scientifically and economically.

Recombination systems and methods for eliminating nucleic acid sequences from the genome of eukaryotic organisms

SunGene GmbH & Co. KGaA and Institut f. Pflanzengenetik u. Kulturpflanzenforschung


A concept network that can be generated in response to a user query. Various embodiments include analysis of structure information, for example, where such information is based at least in part on Universal Resource Locators (URLs) of Web sites or data storage locations. A concept network may be used with a search tool where the search tool searches a plurality of sites (e.g., Web sites, data storage locations, etc.). In such an example, each site location is arranged with a node. Certain ones of the nodes are connected by at least one link. The concept network selects a portion of certain ones of the nodes based on the link, wherein the at least one link is used for content purposes.

With the rapid growth of such networks as the Internet, the accuracy and quality of searches becomes more and more important. However, many users find that searching using search engines yields a large number (perhaps thousands) of results, many of which are not closely applicable to their submitted query. As such, many users become dissatisfied with the search results. Some users also find that the large number of returned results for queries obscure important information contained in the Internet.
Most prior-art search engines are primarily based on a keyword comparison. Consider a query asking for the top N digital camera manufacturers in the world, where N is an integer. Keyword comparison search engines would return some Web pages that contain the key term "digital camera" and other Web pages that contain the key term "manufacturers". Therefore, the percentage of the total returned results that relate to digital camera manufacturers that are returned in keyword comparison search engines is relatively small. The keyword comparison search engine also has no way to compare whether a particular digital camera manufacturer is larger or better known (or some other quantifiable comparison) than another digital camera manufacturer based on their Web pages. As such, prior-art search engines, being primarily based on keyword comparisons, often lead to the large number of results many of which are marginally related to the query. Such keyword comparison search engines cannot identify the most applicable ones of a plurality of searched Web sites based on the structure of the Web sites.
In another aspect, many users believe that they have to search through a large number of queries to obtain useful search results. As such, the users believe that the queries (and the examination of the search results for relevancy) demand a considerable amount of time to ensure that all relevant responses are considered. Even after such time is spent, the users often believe that the most significant search results may be lost within a vast amount of irrelevant information.
In yet another aspect, many Internet applications utilize such lexicography tools as WordNet® ((developed at Princeton University under the direction of Prof. George A. Miller) to expand the user's query to improve the precision of the search engine. WordNet is an online lexical reference system. With WordNet, nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are organized into synonym sets, each representing one underlying lexical concept. Different relationships link the synonym sets. With WordNet, users manually input their personal taxonomy relative to Web pages. Therefore, WordNet is not suitably configured to keep up with the rapid growth and dynamic changes of Internet and other networked computer systems. For example, over half of the words in the Web do not appear in WordNet.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A compensation type suspending-rail permanent magnetic levitation system includes a track unit and a vehicle unit, the track unit includes a suspending arch crosstie, and balancing guide levitation rails are symmetrically disposed on two inner sides of the suspending arch crosstie. Permanent magnetic rails are disposed on upper surfaces of ends at an open side of the suspending arch crosstie and auxiliary guide rails are disposed on end surface of the ends, respectively. The vehicle unit includes a compartment and a magnetic levitation cabin. Two balancing permanent magnets of opposite magnetic poles are disposed on both outer sides of the cabin respectively, and magnetically conductive bases are provided between the balancing permanent magnets and the cabin. Guide wheels are provided between the two balancing permanent magnets on one outer side of the cabin. Wing magnet bases are mounted to upper portions at the both outer sides of the cabin and wing magnets are mounted under the wing magnet bases respectively. Sliding shoes are provided at inner sides of the wing magnet bases respectively and auxiliary guide wheels are symmetrically provided between a lower portion of the cabin and the compartment.

1. The Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a suspending type permanent magnetic levitation system, and more particularly, to a suspending-rail permanent magnetic levitation system in which the track is elevated and the vehicle unit is traveled under the elevated track.
2. The Relevant Technology
One core technique of the magnetic levitation train is directed to the magnetic levitation system. For example, the German TR serial levitation train employs a gap-sensing electromagnetic attraction levitation technique, the Japan MLX serial levitation train employs a super-conductive electromotive levitation technique, and the China GK06 serial train employs a compensation type permanent magnet levitation technique.
The levitation systems employed by German TR serial levitation train and Japan MLX serial levitation train have the same disadvantages, that is, the manufacturing and control cost is high, the levitation capability is low, the energy consumption is high, the resource expenditure is high, and the stability of the levitation operation is poor. With comparison to the German TR serial levitation train and Japan MLX serial levitation train, the compensation type permanent magnet levitation system employed in China GK06 serial train reduces the manufacturing cost, increases the levitation capability, saves energy and resource, however it has the following great disadvantages:
(1) the magnetic energy compensation is dispersive;
(2) the manufacturing cost is increased because a lot of NdFeB material is used;
(3) it is difficult to control the relatively small gaps between the vehicle unit and the track and the running resistance is great.
The above-mentioned levitation techniques are referred to "Magnetic Levitation Railway System and Technique" (China Science and Technology Publishing Company, published on November, 2003) and the Chinese Patent Publication No. CN1264660A entitled "tube vacuum permanent magnetic compensation type levitation train-elevated railway-station system".

Suspending-rail permanent magnetic levitation train system


In a signal processing system, a set of channel signals from an array of sensors of different operating characteristics are processed in calibration circuitry that calculates individual average values of the channel signals and calculates an average of the individual average values of channel signals as a reference value. Reciprocal calculators calculate reciprocal values of the individual average values of the channel signals. Scaling circuitry scales the reciprocal values by the reference value to produce a set of amplitude calibration signals and scales the channel signals by the calibration signals respectively. As a result, the channel signals are normalized by their own average values and scaled by the reference value to produce a set of calibrated channel signals.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a signal processing system for calibrating multiple channel signals from an array of sensors, such as microphones and antennas, having different operating characteristics.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is well known to use an array of sensors, such as microphones and radio antennas equally spaced at predetermined intervals and oriented in a specified direction for cancelling interference signals by forming a beam in the direction of arrival of a target signal. When microphones are used as the array sensors, the Griffiths-Jim beamformer is the basic technique also known as a generalized sidelobe canceller. In the Griffiths-Jim beamformer as described in a literature "Microphone Arrays", Springer, 2001, pages 87 to 109, signals from the microphone array are combined in a fixed beamformer to enhance a desired signal and attenuate interference signals. The array beam is formed by the fixed beamformer by linearly summing the microphone signals. If all microphones have the same operating characteristic, the summation results in an output that is M times the magnitude of each microphone signal (where M is the number of microphones). Hence the signals that arrive perpendicularly to the array surface (i.e., broadside signals) can be constructively combined. Since signals arriving in other directions have timing (phase) differences from the broadside signals, they interact with each other in a destructive manner. As a result, if the signals arriving perpendicularly to the array surface are the target signal, the target signal is enhanced, and the microphone array produces a directivity in a direction normal to its surface.
The microphone signals are also applied to a blocking matrix where these signals are combined to obtain multiple interference references. The enhanced target signal is delayed for an interval corresponding to the time taken by the blocking matrix to perform the matrix calculation. The delayed beamformer output and the interference references are combined in a multi-channel canceller. In the multi-channel canceller the interference references are used as interference replicas for subtraction from the enhanced target signal to produce an enhanced target signal.
However, if the operating characteristics of the microphones are not equal to each other due to their variation, the microphone signals partially interact with each other in a destructive way. This results in the array producing a degraded directivity in the direction normal to its surface. A similar problem occurs in the blocking matrix. In this case, it is the target signal that finds a leakage path to the outputs of the blocking matrix. This results in the multi-channel canceller performing partial cancellation of the target signal and causes a distortion in its output signal.
The element imperfection problem, caused by the above-mentioned variation, is addressed by a calibration technique described in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 42, No. 10, pages 2871-2875, October 1994. According to this technique, a blocking matrix is designed based on optimal eigenvector constraints by using a broadband signal and a fixed beamformer corresponding to the blocking matrix is then designed. However, the use of broadband signal requires that individual calibration is necessary for each microphone array in advance of its manufacture. This is disadvantageous for quantity production.
Another calibration technique, as described in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagations, Vol. 34, No. 8, pages 996-1012, August 1986, introduces noise at an appropriate level to each microphone signal. However, this prior art requires precision setting of the added noise level. Data such as signal-to-noise ratios, interference-to-signal ratios and the level of noise at each microphone must be additionally calculated on a real-time basis. The amount of computations is substantial and the additive noise is a potential source of poor sound quality. Further calibration techniques are disclosed in a number of patent publications. Japanese Patent Publication 2004-343700 discloses a technique that uses a calibration speaker and a signal processing system and Japanese Patent 3337671 teaches the use of a calibration microphone. Japanese Patent Publication 2002-502193 employs multiple adaptive filters for respective microphones. However, these prior art techniques require separate devices that present an increase in hardware. According to a further technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication 2004-502367, the output of a single microphone is used as a reference level. However, this reference level must be supplied from an external source.

Signal processing system and method for calibrating channel signals supplied from an array of sensors having different operating characteristics


A method and apparatus for measuring the temperature of a gas in a mass flow controller is described. One embodiment derives gas-temperature information from a mass flow sensor of the mass flow controller without relying on a separate temperature sensor. This embodiment supplies a substantially constant electrical current to a thermal mass flow sensor of the mass flow controller, the thermal mass flow sensor being designed to measure a mass flow rate of the gas; measures an input voltage of the thermal mass flow sensor to obtain a present input voltage, the input voltage varying with a temperature differential between a pair of sensing elements of the thermal mass flow sensor; calculates an adjusted input voltage by accounting for a component of the present input voltage that is dependent on the mass flow rate of the gas; and calculates the temperature of the gas based on the adjusted input voltage. In some embodiments, the calculated gas temperature is used to compensate for the variation, with temperature, of an output voltage of the thermal mass flow sensor under a zero-flow condition.

A typical mass flow controller (MFC) is a closed-loop device that sets, measures, and controls the flow of a gas in industrial processes such as thermal and dry etching. An important part of a MFC is a sensor that measures the mass flow rate of the gas flowing through the device. The MFC compares an output signal from the sensor with a predetermined set point and adjusts a control valve to maintain the mass flow rate of the gas at the predetermined set point.
Some characteristics of a MFC tend to drift with temperature. For example, the mass flow sensor output when no gas is flowing through the device may vary with temperature, a phenomenon referred to as "zero shift." If the temperature of the gas flowing through the MFC is known, the MFC can compensate for temperature-dependent inaccuracies such as zero shift. Thus, to make the performance of a MFC less sensitive to temperature, it is desirable for the MFC to be able to measure the gas temperature. Adding a temperature sensor to a MFC increases its complexity and cost, however.
It is thus apparent that there is a need in the art for an improved method and apparatus for measuring the temperature of a gas in a MFC.

Method and apparatus for measuring the temperature of a gas in a mass flow controller


A probe apparatus comprises a vertically movable table for placing a semiconductor wafer having semiconductor devices, a heater for heating the wafer at a predetermined temperature, and a probe card located above the wafer and having support and positioning portions for probes. The probe has a vertical portion which extends downward substantially vertically, and is capable of buckling. Two positioning plates are supported by the support positioning portion through which the vertical portions of said probes are downwardly extended wherein a temperature controller heats the probes at the positioning plates at a predetermined temperature.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a probe apparatus for measuring electrical characteristics of a semiconductor device.
2. Description of the Related Art
As is known, a large number of semiconductor devices are formed on a semiconductor wafer by using a high precision photographic transfer technique, and the wafer is incised in units of semiconductor devices. In such a semiconductor device manufacturing process, conventionally, the electrical characteristics of a semiconductor device as a semifinished product are tested and discriminated by using a probe apparatus upon mounting of the semiconductor device on the semiconductor wafer. Only the semiconductor devices that are determined to be non-defective from the result of the testing measurement are sent to the following steps, e.g., packaging, thus improving the productivity.
The probe apparatus has a wafer holding table movable in the X-Y-Z-.theta. directions. A probe card having a large number of probes corresponding to the electrode pads of the semiconductor devices is fixed above the wafer holding table. The semiconductor wafer is set on the wafer holding table, the wafer holding table is driven to bring the electrodes of the semiconductor devices into contact with the probes, and testing measurement is performed through the probes.
In recent years, it has been attempted to perform the testing measurement as described above at a high temperature by providing a temperature control mechanism to the wafer holding table and heating the semiconductor wafer placed on the wafer holding table. In this case, heat from the wafer holding table is transferred to the probe card. Then, the probe card is sometimes deformed to displace the positions of the probes, thus disabling high-precision measurement. As an apparatus to solve this problem, an apparatus disclosed in, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,124,639, is known. In this apparatus, a heating device is provided also to the probe card holding mechanism to preheat the probe card to a temperature similar to that of the semiconductor wafer. In this known apparatus, the heating device is provided to the support means for supporting the intermediate portions of the probes extending obliquely from the probe card. The inclination of the probes is controlled by this heating device, thereby positioning the distal ends of the styluses.
The packing density of the semiconductor devices has been increased recently, and the pitch of electrode pads of the semiconductor devices has been decreased and the number of electrodes pads of the semiconductor devices has been increased. Therefore, as disclosed in Published Unexamined Japanese Patent Application No. 3-224246 a probe card in which probes are arranged substantially vertically has been developed for practical applications to replace the probe card in which probes are arranged obliquely.
In the probe card having the vertical probes, the problem concerning the testing measurement at a high temperature is not solved. Thus, measurement of such vertical probe must be performed at a normal temperature.


Internally pierced formed blisters containing fluid compositions for use in devices to produce a spray or mist delivery of the compositions include internal piercing nozzles that can have significantly reduced channel volume to increase pressure of the fluid forced through the nozzle and provide finer control of spray geometry. The piercing nozzles are configured to deliver the contents of the blister to the central nervous system through the nasal olfactory epithelium.

There is a growing interest in delivering drugs, proteins, peptides and stem cells or other diagnostic or therapeutic active agents to the brain and central nervous system intranasally, known as nose to brain delivery. Conventional systemic delivery of agents intended for activity in the brain is problematic because drugs in the general circulation must bypass the blood brain barrier in order to reach the brain. This necessitates high dose levels to achieve results and increased side effects. Direct delivery to the brain or spinal cord through intracerebroventricular or intraparenchymal injection is invasive, involves higher risk and is expensive. Direct injections become much more difficult when multiple treatments are required.
A number of drugs, proteins, peptides and stem cells have been shown to be active in human and animal brains when administered nasally, including insulin, deferoxamine, progesterone, L-dopa and Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) among others. Delivery of powders or liquid formulated active agents has been accomplished by drops, atomizing or inhalation devices, however the most effective, or most convenient method of administration is by nasal delivery of an aerosol, spray stream or mist to the cribriform plate, olfactory and trigeminal neuronal pathways.
There is a need, therefore, for packaging and delivery devices for measured dosages of active agent(s) in which the liquid or powder components of the agent(s) can be stored with a long and sterile shelf life, either in separate chambers and then mixed with a liquid or another active agent just prior to use, or in single or multiple chambers of the same components for convenient delivery of multiple doses or applications, and in particular for delivery to the brain in a non-invasive, safe and relatively economical manner.


An adapter manifold comprising a first dual valve block having a first diaphragm valve and a second diaphragm valve; a first, a second, and a third low dead space connector for connecting the adapter manifold with dual valve block to the remaining portions of the chemical delivery system; a first conduit for connecting both the diaphragm side of the first diaphragm valve and the seat side of the second diaphragm valves to the first low dead space connector; a second conduit for connecting the seat side of the first diaphragm valve to the second low dead space connector; and a third conduit for connecting the diaphragm side of the second diaphragm valve to the third low dead space connector.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns an adapter manifold with dual valve block, and, more specifically, an adapter manifold for the delivery of high purity chemicals having a dual valve block with conduits free of dead pockets.
2. Description of Related Art
Certain manufacturing processes require the delivery of chemicals at high purity levels.
For example, in the semiconductor industry, certain low vapor pressure chemicals, such as tetrakis(dymethilamino) titanium (TDMAT), tetrakis(diethylamino) titanium (TDEAT), tantalum pentaethoxide (TAETO), copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate-trimethylvinylsilane (Cu(hfac)TMVS), tetramethyltetracyclosiloxane (TMCTS), tetraethyl ortosilicate (TEOS), and trimethylphosphate (TMP), are utilized to manufacture semiconductors by a chemical vapor deposition process, which may be in the form of a direct liquid injection (DLI) or of a "bubbler" process.
During the fabrication process, the chemical is stored at a 99.99+% purity level in a first container that has a capacity varying from 100 milliliters to 200 liters and that is known in the art by a variety of common and trade names such as "canister," "ampoule," or "host." From the first container, the chemical is distributed to a second container or to a process tool by a system of manifolds while maintaining the high purity level.
From time to time, it is necessary to replace and clean the first or second containers, for instance, due to maintenance requirements, or to the decomposition of the chemical stored in the container, or for other reasons. Before detaching the container from the manifolds, any remaining chemical must be purged out of the manifolds connected to the container. Typically, the chemical is purged by means of a multi-step process comprising a sequence of blow cycles and of vacuum cycles. Because of the high level of decontamination required, and because some liquid chemical may remain trapped within any dead spaces in the manifolds, this procedure is extremely time consuming, with a consequent negative effect on process yields.
It is desirable to consolidate the valves in the manifolds of these delivery systems into a single valve block, in order in order to minimize the lengths of the connecting tubes, thereby reducing potential areas of entrapment or adhesion of the low vapor pressure chemical. It is also desirable to provide for more compact manifolds, in order to reduce the space requirements of the cabinets where these manifolds and containers are generally located.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,431,229 B1 to Birtcher et al. discloses a purgeable adapter manifold for low vapor pressure chemicals that includes a dual valve block. As shown in FIG. 1, the dual valve block 10 according to the Birtcher invention comprises a first diaphragm valve 12 and a second diaphragm valve 14, having orifices in the seats of the two diaphragm valves that are juxtaposed and connected by a first conduit 16.
A second conduit 18 connects first conduit 16 to the container, therefore connecting the seat sides of both diaphragm valves to the container, while a third conduit 20 connects first conduit 16 to a process tool or to a second container. During ordinary process conditions, both diaphragm valves are in an open condition, enabling the low vapor pressure chemical to flow from second conduit 18 into first conduit 16 and into third conduit 20 and to be delivered to a process tool or to an intermediary container.
During the purge cycle, as a first step, purge gas is blown in a direction opposite to ordinary process conditions flowing from third conduit 20 into second conduit 18. As a second step, second diaphragm valve 14 is closed, and the purge gas flows from third conduit 20 into a fourth conduit 24 and then to a source of vent. As a third step, first diaphragm valve 12 and second diaphragm valve 14 are in a closed condition, and a vacuum purge is performed by applying vacuum at third conduit 20, in order to remove remaining traces of the low vapor pressure chemical.
It will be appreciated that, during the second step of the gas purge, there is no gas flow through a portion of first conduit 16, more specifically, the portion delimited by third conduit 20 at one end and by orifice 26 in the seat of second diaphragm valve 14 at the other end. Therefore, that portion of first conduit 16 constitutes a dead pocket, from which any chemical remaining after the second step of the purge can be removed only by means of a Venturi effect, whereby a pressure differential causes the residual chemical to be drawn from the dead pocket into the stream of the purge gas. In order to accomplish chemical removal through such Venturi effect, however, sufficient time must be allowed for the residual chemical to be drawn out of the dead pocket, causing the purge cycle to be extended. Further, the vacuum purge in the third step must always be performed, to insure that any residual chemical in the dead pocket, not displaced by the Venturi effect, is removed. The length of the vacuum cycle depends on the amount of remaining chemical and on the desired cleanliness level, and requires pumps of adequate capacity with stainless steel components, due to the corrosive properties of the chemical.
Therefore, there is a need for an adapter manifold having a dual valve block that comprises no dead pocket in its conduit system.


A pressure measurement cell for use in an infusion or injection system for the injection of a fluid, with a housing in which at least one filter unit, through which the fluid under pressure is conducted, and at least one pressure transducer for the detection of the pressure of the fluid flowing from the filter unit are located. Such a pressure measurement cell is pressure-stable, causes only a slight pressure decline in the hose system of the infusion or injection system, can be produced at low cost, and makes possible a simple installation and handling when the hose system is inserted into a hose pump.

In an infusion or injection system for the injection of a liquid, pressure measurement cells are used to detect the pressure of the liquid to be injected; they are located, for example, in an injection hose, in which the liquid is conveyed to an injection cannula. Thus, for example, Offenlegungsschrift DE 19900937 A1 shows an injector for the application of liquids, in particular, contrasting agents for X-ray tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, with a hose and a roller pump, which is at least partially embraced by the hose in a circumferential direction, to convey the liquid from a supply container to a cannula, wherein an opening formed in the hose wall is connected with the pressure chamber, connected, in turn, with the interior of the hose (3); the chamber has a component which can be adjusted by the effect of the liquid pressure and which acts on a pressure sensor.
From the European Patent EP 2011541 B1, a hose system, for an injection for the intravenous injection of contrasting agents and saline solution, is known, with a pump hose that is coupled with a pump, to convey the contrasting agent or the saline solution, in which a pressure sensor or, separately from it, a particle filter are arranged, one behind the other.
The disadvantage with such a system, in which the pressure measurement cell and the particle filter are separated from one another, is the cost factor. Thus, the pressure sensor and the particle filter have their own housing units, which increase the production costs of the system. In addition, the installation of the individual parts is more expensive, since more operations have to be undertaken in assembling the hose system. Another disadvantage is the low pressure stability of the particle filter used, which is usually designed as a pan filter. Also unfavorable is the increased pressure decline between the entry of the filter and its exit from the particle filter, which is produced by the relatively small filter area, which corresponds to the cross section of the pump hose. The handling operations when placing the pump hose into the pump is also disadvantageous.

Pressure measurement cell for use in an infusion or injection system


This disclosure provides an OLED display apparatus and the production method thereof, for decreasing the microcavity effect and improving the intensity of the light emitted by the OLED display apparatus. The OLED display apparatus comprises: an array substrate and an OLED device which is provided on the array substrate and comprises an anode, an organic light-emitting layer and a cathode in this order along the direction away from the array substrate, and further comprises: a refractive layer positioned between the array substrate and the anode, wherein the refractive index of the refractive layer is greater than that of the anode. In the above-mentioned OLED display apparatus, by providing a refractive layer, the refractive index of which is greater than that of an anode in an OLED device, the occurrence of total reflection phenomenon when light is irradiated onto an array substrate is reduced and thereby the microcavity effect is reduced, and it is allowed that the light is refracted from the surface of the array substrate as much as possible and the light-emitting intensity of the OLED display apparatus is improved.

Display employing OLEDs (Organic Light-Emitting Diodes) are a kind of novel flat panel displays and have a wide prospect for application due to the advantages, such as simple production process, low cost, high response speed, easiness of color display and large-screen display, low power consumption, easiness of matching with integrated circuit drivers, high light-emitting brightness, broad adaptable range of working temperature, light and thin bulk, easiness of flexible display, and the like.
As shown in FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of an OLED display apparatus in the prior art, an OLED display apparatus in the prior art typically comprises an array substrate 01 and an OLED which is provided on the array substrate 01, wherein the OLED device 02 comprises: an anode 021, a planarizing layer 022, a hole injection layer 023, a hole transport layer 024, an organic light-emitting layer 025, an electron transport layer 026, an electron injection layer 027 and a cathode 028 in this order along the direction away from the array substrate, wherein the above-mentioned anode 021 is usually produced using ITO. Since microcavity structures are present between the anode 021 and the array substrate 01 while there is a relatively high microcavity effect between the anode produced from ITO and the array substrate 01, it is allowed that total reflection occurs in a part of light when the light is irradiated onto the array substrate, and in turn it is allowed that conversion efficiency of light by the OLED display apparatus decreases, resulting in low intensity of the light emitted by the OLED display apparatus.

Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd.


The present invention relates to a flush mounting stand, hanger, carry handle for mobile device. The device has a unique attachment member which can perform as a stand to support the mobile device on a flat surface or perform hanging function to support the mobile device over an object such as a door handle, a cabinet handle, etc. The device according to the principles of the present invention comprises an attachment member that can bend around a hinge or stay straight as desirable.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a supporting device for mobile electronic devices and more particular to a flash mounting stand, hanger, or carry handle for mobile electronic devices that allows for the carry of both an ipad and cellphone or an ipad and virtual keyboard projection device to be carried and function simultaneously.
2. Description of Related Art
The prior art discloses various devices for supporting mobile electronic devices, in addition to assorted means for securing such devices to objects such as a vehicle dashboard, hand-held microphone, motorcycle gas tank, bicycle, and a person's wrist.
However, the prior art has failed to disclose a device having a unique attachment means which is able to hang over an object such as a piece of furniture or a door knob or a car seat headrest to support a mobile device, and is able to support a mobile device on a flat surface such as a desk.
Therein when supporting a mobile device on a flat surface said invention is also able to elevate the electronic device to allow for better communication with other devices nearby that rely upon infer-red or blue tooth communications with one another. Such elevation can be rather dramatic and the electronic device can be raised as much as six inches or more above the surface upon which the system described in this application sits.
Additionally, by being elevated a virtual keyboard projection device can function properly when built in to an electronic device and said electronic device is elevated above a flat surface as this invention allows for.
This invention has innovative features that also allows for the attachment of both a stand-alone cell phone, virtual keyboard projection device or any other similar sized device with an ipad device—both items being located side by side next to one another and fully functional and with their face side fully visible to an end-user of this device as described herein. The layout is such that the ipod is located on top of the virtual keyboard projection device and do not interfere with one another's functionality.
It is noted that any movement detection type device can be utilized with this invention and not necessarily just a virtual keyboard projection device. Any device that picks up ones movement for such interaction as video gaming could also be incorporated herein.
Also, by being supported above a flat surface within an elevated mounting stand, this invention as described herein allows for any said electronic device that is attached to it to be protected from pools of liquid that could spill on the underlying table itself upon which the invented device stands but the attached electronic device is elevated above the table top or flat surface itself.
Accordingly, a long felt need has been realized for a device adapted for supporting a mobile electronic device which protective features, features that allow for the duplicity of holding related electronic devices similtaniously (both a cell phone and an ipod within the same invented device) and which is further adapted for removable attachment to furniture such as a cabinet's or dresser's handle or door knob. The device according to the present invention discussed later fulfills this need.

Flush mounting stand, hanger/carry handle for mobile electronic device


A visual sensor calibration method of calibrating of a visual sensor in a robot system. A pattern plate is provided on an arm of a robot, and the calibration pattern data (CPDr) of the pattern plate on robot's base coordinates is sent from a robot controller to a visual sensor controller. The visual sensor controller picks up an image of the pattern plate by a camera to obtain calibration pattern data (CPDc). The calibration data (CD) is obtained from the calibration pattern data (CPDr) and the calibration pattern data (CPDc), to thereby calibrate the visual sensor.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a visual sensor calibration method of calibrating a visual sensor in a robot system, and more particularly, to a visual sensor calibration method of calibrating a plurality of cameras or the like.
2. Description of the Related Art
In current practice a robot system is provided with a visual function to enable it to pick up an image of a workpiece by using a camera or the like to determine the position of the workpiece, and thus carry out an operation such as assembling or palletizing or the like. Further, a plurality of cameras are used to accurately determine the position of a workpiece, or to correspond to a plurality of robots.
It is necessary to calibrate the relationship between a a robot coordinate system and a camera coordinate system, to accurately determine the position of a workpiece, and when a plurality of cameras are used, an exclusively designed jig is prepared and used.
Such a calibration jig is large, however, and the jig must be moved by jogging or a similar operation, to thereby pick up images thereof by a camera, resulting in a poor operability.
Further, because most calibration jigs are large, they incur high manufacturing costs and the like, and require a special installation space.
Furthermore, when a plurality of cameras are used, it is difficult to calibrate each camera.


It is an object to provide a communicating apparatus and its program in which in the case where the RTC pattern or the RCP frame cannot be received due to the noises or in the case where a modem diverges and data cannot be normally demodulated, a procedure signal can be certainly detected, the modem can advance to a low-speed mode, and a possibility of a communication error can be remarkably reduced. During the image reception, both a carrier of V.21ch2 modulation and data signal quality (EQM) in a high-speed mode are, in parallel, monitored. When the data signal quality (EQM) deteriorates to a value larger than or equal to a predetermined threshold value and the carrier of the V.21ch2 modulation is detected, the modem advances to the low-speed mode and the procedure signal is received.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a communicating apparatus such as a facsimile apparatus or the like.
2. Related Background Art
In the case of receiving an image by a facsimile apparatus according to Recommendation T.30, an RTC pattern is detected in a non-ECM procedure or an RCP frame is detected in an ECM procedure, thereby completing reception of the image of one page, and the processing routine advances to a post-procedure.
However, in the case where noises are applied to a position of the RTC pattern or the RCP frame at a rear edge of the image or in the case where a modem diverges (or malfunctions) and a signal cannot be normally demodulated, since the RTC pattern or the RCP frame cannot be detected, there is a case where a receiver cannot advance to the post-procedure, only a transmitter advances to the post-procedure, and a communication error occurs.
To avoid such a communication error, in the conventional techniques, while an image is received in a high-speed mode such as V.17 or the like, a carrier of low-speed V.21ch2 modulation which is used in a procedure signal is monitored and when the carrier of the low-speed V.21ch2 modulation is detected, it is determined that the transmitter has advanced to the post-procedure, the image reception is finished, the mode is switched to a low-speed mode, and the procedure signal is received. With respect to a communicating procedure of the facsimile apparatus, transmission and reception of the procedure are made by V.21ch2 not by V.21ch1.
However, in the foregoing conventional technique, since QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) is used in the high-speed mode which is used for image transmission such as V.17 or the like, a frequency band which it occupies is wide and the same frequency component as the carrier of the V.21ch2 modulation is also included in signal components thereof.
There is, consequently, a problem such that it is difficult to certainly detect the carrier of the V.21ch2 modulation and it is possible that the communication error occurs adversely in a state where while the image signal is normally received, it is erroneously recognized that the carrier of the V.21ch2 modulation has been received and the mode advances to the low-speed mode.


A cassette for insertion and removal of an edge-connected printed circuit card connectable to a server chassis is disclosed. The cassette includes a housing comprising a bottom wall having at least one elongated slot and a catch formed thereon. The cassette further includes a connector sub-assembly overlying the bottom wall having an edge connector socket formed thereon and configured to receive the edge-connected printed circuit card. The cassette further includes a guide sub-assembly underlying the bottom wall having a spring latch formed thereon. The spring latch is operable in a first state to engage the catch to prevent movement of the connector sub-assembly and the guide sub-assembly relative to the housing. The spring latch is operable in a second state to clear the catch to permit the connector sub-assembly and the guide sub-assembly to slide in unison in the at least one elongated slot.

The present invention relates to a cassette for inserting and removing an edge-connected printed circuit card, and more specifically, to an edge-connected printed circuit card which plugs into a card connector located in the cassette, the card connector sliding into a locked position and the cassette plugged into a motherboard of a server chassis via a sliding motion.
The size of integrated circuits has been steadily shrinking, and as such, the number of integrated circuits that can fit onto plug-in printed circuit cards has also been steadily increasing. The packaging of printed circuit cards in tight spaces is a direct logical extension of increasing chip level circuit densities. It should be noted that the tight packaging of integrated circuit chips on printed circuit cards and the correspondingly dense packaging of the printed circuit cards is a design goal that is carried out for more than just the convenience of compactness. Compactness provides shorter distances between circuit components which, in turn, permits the operation of the circuit components at higher frequencies.
Moreover, it is likewise desirable to be able to easily insert and remove these printed circuit cards into connectors vertically into a motherboard disposed in very tight spaces. The insertion and removal operations are also provided as an important part of a "hot-pluggability" function which is desirable for "on the fly" repairs, replacements, maintenance and upgrades.
Further, since operating frequencies have been increasing and packaging densities have grown larger, the associated integrated circuits both within and adjacent to a particular circuit card need to be protected from electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic circuit packaging designs should thus also be compatible with structures and configurations that are employed to prevent the leakage of electromagnetic interference. To whatever extent possible, packaging designs should also include structures which contribute positively to the containment of electromagnetic interference.

Printed circuit card assembly connectable to a server chassis

International Business Machines Corporation


A display element according to the present invention is provided with a pair of substrates, at least one of which is transparent; a medium between the substrates, wherein optical anisotropy magnitude of the medium is changeable by and according to an electric field applied thereon; at least one pair of electrodes for applying, on the medium, the electric field substantially parallel to the substrates; and a shielding electrode overlapping at least a display portion of at least one of the substrates, and used for shielding the display element from static electricity.

Liquid crystal display elements are advantaged over other display elements in terms of its thin thickness, light weight, and low power consumption. The liquid crystal display elements are widely used in image display apparatuses such as televisions, video cassette recorders, and the like, and OA (Office Automation) apparatuses such as monitors, word processors, personal computers, and the like.
Conventionally known liquid crystal display methods of the liquid crystal display elements include, for example, a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode in which a nematic liquid crystal is used, display modes in which FLC (Ferroelectric Liquid crystal) or AFLC (Antiferroelectric Liquid crystal) is used, a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display mode, and other mode.
Among the liquid crystal display methods, for example, the TN (Twisted Nematic) mode in which the nematic liquid crystal is used is conventionally adopted in the liquid crystal display elements in practical use. The liquid crystal display elements using the TN mode have disadvantages of slow response, narrow viewing angle, and the other drawbacks. Those disadvantages are large hindrances for the TN mode to take over CRT (Cathode Ray Tube).
Moreover, the display modes in which the FLC or AFLC is used, are advantageous in their fast response and wide viewing angles, but significantly poor in anti-shock property and temperature characteristics. Therefore, the display modes in which the FLC or AFLC is used have not been widely used.
Further, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display mode, which utilizes scattering of light, does not need polarizer and is capable of providing a very bright display. However, in principle, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display mode cannot control the viewing angle by using a phase plate (retardation film). Further, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display mode has a problem in terms of the response property. Thus, the polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display mode is generally not as advantageous as the TN mode.
In all the foregoing display methods, liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a certain direction and thus a displayed image looks differently depending on an angle between a line of vision and the liquid crystal molecules. On this account, all these display methods have viewing angle limits. Moreover, all the display methods utilize rotation of the liquid crystal molecules, the rotation caused by application of an electric field on the liquid crystal molecules. Because the liquid crystal molecules are rotated in alignment all together, responses take time in all the display method. The display modes in which the FLC and the AFLC are used are advantageous in terms of response speed and viewing angle, but have a problem in that their alignment can be irreversibly destroyed by an external force.
In contrast to those display methods in which rotation of molecules by the application of the electric field is utilized, a display method in which the secondary electro-optical effect is utilized.
The electro-optical effect is a phenomenon in which a refractive index of a material is changed by an external electric field. There are two types of electro-optical effect: one is an effect proportional to the electric field and the other is proportional to the square of the electric field. The former is called the Pockels effect: the latter is called the Kerr effect. The Kerr effect was adopted early on in high-speed optical shutters, and has been practically used in special measurement instruments. The Kerr effect was discovered by J. Kerr in 1875. So far, organic liquid such as nitrobenzene, carbon disulfide, and the like, are known as material showing the Kerr effect. These materials are used, for example, in the aforementioned optical shutters, and the similar devices. Further, these materials are used, e.g. for measuring strength of high electric fields for power cables and the like, and similar usage.
Later on, it was found that liquid crystal materials have a large Kerr constant. Researches has been conducted to utilize the large Kerr constant of the liquid crystal materials for use in light modulation devices, light deflection devices, and further optical integrated circuit. It has been reported that some liquid crystal compound has a Kerr constant more than 200 times higher than that of nitrobenzene.
Under these circumstances, studies for using the Kerr effect in display apparatuses has begun. It is expected that the use of the Kerr effect attains a relatively low voltage driving because the Kerr effect is proportional to the square of the electric field. Further, it is expected that the utilization of the Kerr effect attains a high-speed response display apparatus (because, e.g., the Kerr effect shows a response property of several μ seconds to several m seconds, as its basic nature).
Under there circumstances, for instance, Patent document 1 (Publication of Japanese Patent Application, publication No. 2001-249363 (Tokukai 2001-249363; published on Sep. 14, 2001)) suggests a display element in which a medium made from a liquid crystalline material is sealed between a pair of substrates and the Kerr effect is induced by application of an electric field parallel or perpendicular to the substrates.
The inventors of the present invention found that display performed with the display element arranged truly as disclosed in Patent Document 1 has poor quality because static electricity cause the display uneven.

Display device producing display by changing shape of refractive index ellipsoid of medium by applying electric field to medium


A method and apparatus for coupling pipe, and installing coupled pipe in a trenchless installation, the pipe being adapted for use as a watermain or the like. Lengths of watermain pipe are provided with a bell at each end, and connecting nipples adapted to be received within opposing bells, to effect a fluid-tight seal. As lengths of watermain are urged into a trenchless tunnel, opposing bell-end faces withstand the force being exerted on the pipe sections, so that damage is avoided and a sealed underground pipe installation is economically and quickly effected.

It is unfortunately common in urban environments for large sections of the streets to be dug up periodically to replace aged and leaking underground piping, or to install new piping. The cost is great even figured solely on manpower and equipment; much greater when snarled traffic (and public aggravation) is included. Trenchless pipeline installation avoids many of the problems listed, but to date the standard widely-used plastic components for water and sewer mains, having bell and spigot joints, have not been appropriate for trenchless use. They become damaged at the joints if attempted to be pipe-jacked (pushed or pulled into the hole). The present invention ingeniously allows these common components to be installed without damage.
This allows for a great cost saving since before the present invention more expensive pipes joined by more expensive techniques were necessary in trenchless applications. Thus with the present invention the public is likely to get home from work more quickly and find a smaller tax bill in the mail box.


A tire pump includes a head portion with a tubular portion extending therefrom and a main passage is defined through the head portion and communicates with the tubular portion, a connecting member slidably mounted to the tubular portion and having at least one first passage defined therethrough, a first cylinder retractably mounted to the tubular portion and having one of two ends fixedly connected to the connecting member and a first member slidably received therein which is fixedly connected to a free end of the tubular portion and detachably connected to the connecting member by an actuating device and has a uni-directional valve disposed therein. At least one second cylinder is retractably mounted to the first cylinder and has a second member slidably received therein which has a uni-directional valve disposed therein and a portion fixedly received in the other end of the first cylinder. A third member is fixedly received in the second cylinder and has a uni-directional valve disposed thereto.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a tire pump and, more particularly, to an improved tire pump having a head portion and at least two cylinders retractably connected to the head portion.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
Generally, a bicycle is equipped with a tire pump disposed to the downtube or the seattube thereof so as to inflate the tires when needed. This tire pump has a limited length and includes a piston and a cylinder to which a head portion is connected so that only a limited volume of pressured air enters into the tire in each stroke. Accordingly, a user has to take time to inflate a tire by operating the tire pump repeatedly. It is not allowed to have a cylinder with a large volume for the tire pump because such a tire pump may not be suitable to be disposed to the bicycle.
The present invention intends to provide an improved tire pump to mitigate and/or obviate the above-mentioned problems.


A method is provided for operating a motor vehicle. At least one transport device is rigidly connected to the motor vehicle in an outer region, an object is fastened to the transport device and the motor vehicle includes, but is not limited to a sensor. The one transport device in a state in which it is connected to the motor vehicle is partially arranged within a recording range of the sensor. The method includes, but is not limited to determining whether one object is fastened to the transport device takes place based on data determined by the at least one sensor. In the event that it is determined that the object is fastened to the transport device, determining of at least one parameter takes place. The parameter characterizes a possible disconnecting of the one object from the transport device, based on data determined by the sensor.

From DE 10 2004 022 113 A1 a system and a method for monitoring motor vehicle trailers in driving mode with a camera device for the image recording of the relative alignment of rear area of the towing vehicle and front area of the trailer, an evaluation subsystem for the recorded data and interfaces for the driving-related further processing of the evaluated data are known. Here, one or a plurality of templates each defining a certain relative alignment is stored in the evaluation subsystem, which serve as reference data for associated alignment angles of the vehicle combination for the evaluation system. Furthermore, the evaluation subsystem is equipped for carrying out correlations between images of the respective currently recorded relative alignment and of the template(s) in order to detect information regarding alignment angles which point to a critical driving situation and transmit corresponding signals to the interfaces for further processing relevant to the driving mode.
At least one object is to state a method for operating a motor vehicle, a motor vehicle, a computer program product and a computer-readable medium which make possible an improvement of the operational safety during a transport of objects by means of the motor vehicle. In addition, other objects, desirable features and characteristics will become apparent from the subsequent summary and detailed description, and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background.

Method for operating a motor vehicle and motor vehicle


A thermoset composition exhibiting reduced water absorption in the cured state includes an olefinically unsaturated monomer and a capped poly(arylene ether) prepared by the reaction of an uncapped poly(arylene ether) with an anhydride capping agent. The capped poly(arylene ether) is isolated and/or purified by methods that reduce the concentrations of polar impurities that contribute to water absorption by the cured composition.

Curable compositions with polymerizable poly(arylene ether) resins and co-monomers such as styrene and acrylate esters have been described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,352,782 B2 to Yeager et al, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2001-0053820 A1 to Yeager et al. One potential use for such compositions is for fabricating plastic-packaged electronic devices. Experience in the fabrication of these devices has suggested the need for curable compositions that retain less water in the cured state.

Capped poly(arylene ether) composition and process


A sports vision training device includes a pair of glasses with a frame supporting a left lens and a right lens. The right lens carries a right reticle, and the left lens carries a left reticle. The reticles provide visual references within the field of view of the player. The reticles may include upper and lower horizontal reference lines, vertical reference lines, a frame, and a crosshair pattern. Different patterns can be used for depth control training, timing control training, and early recognition for tennis and other sports.

The present invention relates to sports training, and in particular to sports vision training eyeglasses having lenses that carry reticles to provide visual references within player's field of view.
In many sports, such as tennis and baseball, the ability of the player to obtain proper head positioning while observing a ball during play is extremely important. For example, in tennis proper head positioning can allow a player to see the ball clearly while running, doing a split step, and stroking the ball. Good head positioning leads to better visual processing, balance, consistency, depth control, timing, and overall visual awareness of the ball, the opponent, the court position, and the player during play.
Proper head position allows for maximal use of all visual skills while minimizing extraneous movement of visual-related systems and processing organs. To see a tennis ball traveling at high speed requires positioning the head for minimal eye movement. By keying on an opponent's patterns, early shot recognition, and initial and later head positioning, the amount of head jerking and the angular velocity of the eyes while playing tennis may be minimized, resulting in better tracking of the ball and higher levels of performance.
During a point in a tennis match, there are three phases of observation by a player: shot recognition phase, during which the player watches the opponent hit a shot; tracking phase, during which the player tracks movement of the ball that has been hit by the opponent; and stroking phase, during which the player hits a shot in return. During each of these three phases, the player's head position, focus, and movement into position to hit the ball influence the quality of the player's shot. There are three visual dimensions within each element of each phase: height, width, and depth. Visual errors may occur in any one of the three phases. The main causes of the error have to do with head positioning, visual focus, and body position.
Head positioning is a fundamental element of the dynamic visual process. Proper head positioning reduces visual processing errors, while poor head positioning adds to the problems of dynamic visual processing.
Practice often focuses on motor skills, rather than on the visual skills that guide those motor skills. There is a need for visual training devices that allow athletes to simplify the visual decision process and decrease visual reaction time.

Sports vision training device and method


The present invention provides a process for fabricating an SOI substrate with no peripheral scratches and with enhanced fabrication efficiency. The present process includes bonding a semiconductor wafer of an active substrate 1 and a semiconductor base wafer 2 to form a bonded wafer 4; surface-grinding the active substrate 1; spin etching the surface-ground active substrate 1; and PACE processing the etched active substrate 1 to form the active substrate into a thin film and simultaneously, to remove the non-bonded peripheral portion of the bonded wafer 4.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process for fabricating an SOI substrate-by subjecting a bonded wafer composed of a semiconductor wafer of an active substrate bonded on by a semiconductor wafer of a supporting substrate to PACE (plasma assisted chemical etching) process to form the active substrate into a thin film.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The demand for SOI substrates has continuously increased in recent years, in order to make integrated circuits operatable at higher speeds. Particularly, SOI substrates including active substrates which are thin films have been commonly used to make integrated circuits operate at even further higher speeds. A conventional SOI substrate including an active substrate which is a thin film is fabricated by the following steps:
(1) bonding a semiconductor wafer of an active substrate 11 and a semiconductor wafer of a supporting substrate 12 to form a bonded wafer 14 (referring to FIG. 2a); PA1 (2) L-shaped-grinding the peripheral edge of the active substrate 11 of the bonded wafer 14 (referring to FIG. 2b); PA1 (3) alkaline etching the L-shaped-grinded bonded wafer 14 to remove the surrounding oxide film 13 and the non-attached portion of the peripheral edge (referring to FIG. 2c); PA1 (4) surface grinding the alkaline etched. active substrate 11 of the bonded wafer 14 to reduce the thickness of the active substrate (referring to FIG. 2d); PA1 (5) polishing the surface ground active substrate 11 to further reduce its thickness (referring to FIG. 2e); and PA1 (6) PACE processing the polished active substrate 11 to form the active substrate into a thin film (referring to FIG. 2f).
However, the above-mentioned process suffers from the disadvantage that it is difficult to control the etching rate, and at a peripheral edge of the substrate scratches are formed easily.
In addition, the lead time required for L-grinding and alkaline etching is too long, thus the output of the fabrication quantity is limited, resulting in unsatisfactory efficiency.


Some virtual memory systems allow more that one memory page size. To quickly translate virtual page addresses into physical page addresses, a multi-page size translation look-aside buffer is needed. The multi-page size translation look-aside buffer has a virtual address array and a physical address array. The virtual address array has a set of virtual address entries that are compared to a received virtual address. The virtual address array entries have virtual address tag field, a valid bit, and a page size bit. The page size bit defines the size of the memory page and thus defines the number of bits in the virtual address that must be matched with virtual address tag bits in the virtual address array. The valid bit indicates if the entry is valid or not. When a hit is detected in the virtual address array, a corresponding entry in the physical address array is activated. The physical address array comprises a physical page address and a set of page attributes. The physical address array also has a locked bit and an access bit that are used to implement a translation look-aside buffer replacement scheme.

In recent years, the size of computer programs have outgrown the main memory available in computers. To accommodate very large programs in a limited amount of physical memory, virtual memory was created. Virtual memory defines a large virtual address space that a program is allowed to run in. The virtual memory is divided into blocks of memory known as pages. A subset of the virtual memory pages are mapped onto physical memory pages. To create a large virtual address space, only a limited number of the virtual memory pages are mapped into a short term physical memory such as dynamic RAM. The remainder of the virtual memory pages are mapped onto long term storage such as hard disk drives.
Furthermore, virtual memory simplifies the implementation of multitasking operating systems. Each process in the multitasking system is allocated a limited number of the available physical memory pages. However, each process is given a large virtual address space wherein a subset of the virtual memory pages are mapped onto the allocated physical memory pages. The remainder of the virtual memory pages are mapped to long term storage.
Virtual memory systems are usually implemented with the use of a "page table." A page table is a data structure that is indexed using a virtual page address to retrieve a physical page address. Thus, when a program accesses memory using a virtual address, the operating system or the hardware examines the page table to translate the virtual page address into a physical memory page address. Then, using the physical address, the memory location is accessed.
Page tables are usually stored in main memory. To reduce the time required to perform virtual memory address to physical memory address translations, many computer processors implement a Translation Look-Aside Buffer (TLB). A translation look-aside buffer is a high speed cache that is dedicated to performing translations from virtual memory addresses into physical memory addresses.
Some processors implement virtual memory systems that have more than one size of page. For example, in the Intel Microprocessor Architecture, supports both 4 kilobyte pages and 4 Megabyte pages. It would therefore be desirable to have a fully associative translation look-aside buffer that supports more than one size of memory pages.

Method and apparatus for replacement of entries in a translation look-aside buffer