A motion detector detects the motion of an imaging device. On the basis of the detected motion information, a selector selects, from a plurality of frame memories for storing a plurality of frame data, a frame memory for storing reference frame data to be referred to when frame data to be coded is coded. A motion estimator estimates a motion vector on the basis of the reference frame data stored in the selected frame memory and the frame data to be coded. The frame data to be coded is coded by using the estimated motion vector, and the coded data is output.

Recently, the H.264 coding method is attracting attention as a new motion image coding method. This coding method is developed by the cooperation of ITU-T and ISO. This new standard was standardized in the summer of 2003.
The characteristic features of this new coding method are that 4×4 integer transformation is used, and a plurality of intra-predictions are prepared, unlike in the conventional MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4 coding methods. In addition, an intra-loop filter is used, and motion compensation is performed by seven types of sub-blocks. Also, the pixel accuracy of the motion compensation is the same as the MPEG-4 coding method, i.e., the motion compensation can be performed by ¼ pixel accuracy. Furthermore, universal variable-length coding or context adaptive variable-length coding is used as entropy coding.
The more important characteristic feature is as follows. That is, the MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4 coding methods perform motion compensation by using two reference images (frames) before and after a frame to be coded. However, this new coding method can use a larger number of reference images. A num_ref_frames code contained in the header of a bit stream can take a maximum of 16 values.
More specifically, in motion compensation, 16 frames before and after a frame to be coded can be referred to as reference images. A macroblock to be coded is processed as follows. As described above, a prediction error is calculated by ¼ pixel accuracy for seven types of sub-blocks with respect to an image having a maximum of 16 frames, and a macroblock by which this prediction error is a minimum is selected. This largely increases the coding efficiency.
The arrangement of the conventional motion image coding apparatus using the H.264 coding method will be explained with reference to FIG. 13. This arrangement is also explained in reference 1 ("Overview of the H.264/AVC Video Coding Standard" (IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY, JULY 2003)).
FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of the conventional motion image coding apparatus.
Image data is input macroblock by macroblock to this motion image coding apparatus. A selector 1000 switches whether to perform intra-coding. If intra-coding is to be performed, the image data is input to an intra-predictor 1001. The intra-predictor 1001 performs prediction in nine modes, and calculates a prediction error.
If coding to be performed is not intra-coding, the image data is input to a differential unit 1002 where the difference from a predicted image is calculated as a prediction error.
A transformer/quantizer 1003 transforms the calculated prediction error into an integer of 4×4 pixel blocks, and quantizes the obtained coefficient. This quantized efficient as the result of quantization undergoes variable-length coding performed by an entropy coder 1004, and is output to an output unit 1014. At the same time, the quantization result is input to a dequantizer/invert transformer 1005 to restore the prediction error, and this prediction error is added to the predicted image by an adder 1006. The result is suitably stored as a decoded image in frame memories 1007 to 1010.
A motion estimator 1011 compares the decoded image stored in the frame memories 1007 to 1010 with the input image, and calculates a motion vector by ¼ pixel accuracy for each sub-block. These motion vectors and the selected frame numbers are input to a motion compensator 1012, and reference images are loaded from the corresponding frame memories. A reference image having a minimum prediction error is selected and output as a predicted image to the differential unit 1002.
The motion vectors and selected frame numbers are also input to a motion coder 1013 and coded, and the coded data is output to the output unit 1014. The output unit 1014 shapes this coded data in accordance with a format, and outputs the shaped data.
Unfortunately, a coding method which refers to a plurality of frames such as the H.264 coding method described above poses the problem that motion vectors are searched for in order to execute motion compensation, and the calculation amount becomes enormous as the number of reference images increases.
In addition, especially when the H.264 coding method is used in an image sensing apparatus such as a video camera, the entire image largely changes whenever the video camera is panned or tilted. Therefore, although the frequency of reference of data of temporally separated frame images decreases, this data must be held.

Motion image coding apparatus, and control method and program of the apparatus


A cyclic phenol sulfide containing at least one sulfinyl or sulfonyl group represented by formula (1): ##STR1## wherein X represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, or an acyl group; Y represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a halogenated hydrocarbon group, --COR.sup.1, --OR.sup.2, --COOR.sup.3, --CN, --CONH.sub.2, --NO.sub.2, --NR.sup.4 R.sup.5, a halogen atom, --SO.sub.4 R.sup.6, or --SO.sub.3 R.sup.7, in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; Z represents one member selected from the group consisting of S, a sulfinyl group, and a sulfonyl group; and n represents an integer of 4 to 12, provided that the plural X's or the plural Y's are the same or different, and that at least one of the plural Z's is a sulfinyl group or a sulfonyl group, and a process for producing the same.

Alkylphenol sulfides are conventionally known as an antioxidant (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,239,534, 3,377,334), a rubber sulfurizer (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,468,961, 3,647,885), a polymer stabilizer (e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,882,082, 3,845,013, 3,843,600), an anticorrosive (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,684,587), and a starting material for phenates for use as a lubricating-oil additive (Hori et al., Sekiyu Gakkai-shi, Vol. 34, p. 446, 1991).
Known processes for producing conventional phenol sulfides include a method in which a phenol and elemental sulfur are used as starting materials (e.g., A. J. Neale et al., Tetrahedron, Vol. 25, p. 4593, 1969); a method in which a phenol, elemental sulfur, and a base catalyst are used as starting materials (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,468,961); a method in which a phenol, elemental sulfur, and a molecular halogen are used as starting materials (e.g., B. Hortling et al., Polym. Bull., Vol. 8 (1982), p.1); a method in which a phenol reacts with an aryl disulfide in the presence of a base catalyst (e.g., T. Fujisawa et al., J. Org. Chem., Vol. 33 (1973), p.687); a method in which a phenol and a sulfur halide are used as starting materials (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 2,239,534); and a method in which a halogenated phenol reacts with a sulfurized alkali metal reagent.
However, they disclose an oligomer containing 2,2'-thiobis(4-alkylphenol) (dimer), 2-[3-(2-hydroxy-5-alkylphenylthio)-2-hydroxy-5-alkylphenylthio]-4-alkylphe nol (trimer), or 2-[3-[3-(2-hydroxy-5-alkylphenylthio)-2-hydroxy-5-alkylphenylthio]-2-hydro xy-5-alkylphenylthio]-4-alkylphenol (tetramer), or a composition containing such an oligomer, and a process for the production thereof. Namely, the alkylphenol sulfides dealt with in those references are all non-cyclic compounds, and the existence of a cyclic phenol sulfide and a method for producing the same have not been disclosed.

Cyclic phenol sulfide having at least one sulfinyl or sulfonyl group and process for producing the same


A system and method for providing power to vehicle accessories having operational power requirements in excess of 1 kilowatt. The system is employed in conjunction with a vehicle comprising a main power unit and an electric motor, the main power unit providing more than 42 volts of power to a DC power bus from which the electric motor draws power to propel the vehicle. The system comprises a vibration dampening mounting structure affixed to the vehicle. A vehicle accessory requiring operational power in excess of 1 kilowatt and an electric accessory motor are affixed to the mounting structure. The electric accessory motor is mechanically coupled to the vehicle accessory. The electric accessory motor draws electric power from the DC power bus to provide operational power to the vehicle accessory. The vehicle accessory can be a scroll type air compressor.

1. Field of the Invention
The field of the present invention is generally motor vehicles, and in particular systems within motor vehicles that power vehicle accessories.
2. Background
In conventional vehicles, i.e., vehicles that are neither hybrid vehicles nor electric vehicles, accessories such as hydraulic pumps, water pumps, vacuum pumps, and compressors for air brakes or air conditioning systems are powered directly from the internal combustion engine. The power required by these accessories may be steady over extended periods of time, as in the case of a water pump that is used to help cool the engine, or it may be required in short bursts when needed by the accessory, as in the case of hydraulic accessories or air brakes. Because such accessories have relatively high power requirements, the most economical and efficient source of power for these accessories is the internal combustion engine.
In hybrid vehicles that include an internal combustion engine, either in series or in parallel with the electric motor, these same accessories are often powered from the internal combustion engine in much the same way as in a conventional vehicle. Alternatively, in some hybrid vehicles and in most electric vehicles, the traditional accessories are replaced with a wholly electric version of the accessory to perform the same function, such as an electric air conditioning system or an electrically powered compressed air brake system.
In implementing either of the above solutions to power vehicle accessories, however, inefficiencies are introduced into a vehicle. These inefficiencies may effect the cost of the vehicle, the performance of the vehicle, or both. For example, if a hybrid or electric vehicle includes electric versions of one or more accessories, the inefficiency introduced in the hybrid vehicle is in the overall cost of the vehicle. The increased cost arises because the electric version of an accessory must initially be developed and tested. Additionally, the cost of the electric version of the accessory will typically remain high over a period of one to several years because vehicles which use the electric version of the accessory do not have the high production quantities of conventional vehicles.
Conversely, if a hybrid vehicle implements a vehicle accessory in the traditional manner, i.e., powered directly from an internal combustion engine, the vehicle will experience inefficiencies in fuel economy. The inefficiencies arise when the internal combustion engine provides power directly to the accessories and the electric motor and/or the batteries do not require power. During these periods, the engine necessarily consumes fuel to provide the power required by the accessories. Any excess power generated by the engine, however, is lost because it cannot be otherwise used or stored by the vehicle.

System and method for powering accessories in a hybrid vehicle


Provided is a hot-dip galvanized steel plate which is applicable as a material for a vehicle outer panel and has an excellent bake hardenability and anti-aging property at room temperature, and a method for manufacturing a hot-dip galvanized steel plate, the method comprising a process including the steps of: winding a hot-rolled steel plate, followed by cooling at a speed of 0.002-0.027° C./sec; cold-rolling the cooled steel plate; continuously annealing the cold-rolled steel plate; and cooling the annealed steel plate in the multi-stage manner of primary to third rounds.

As impact stability regulations and fuel efficiency of automobiles have been emphasized, high tensile steel has been actively used to satisfy requirements for reducing weight and achieving high strength in automobile bodies. In accordance with this trend, high-strength steel has been increasingly applied to external panels of automobiles.
Currently, 340 MPa-grade bake hardened steel has mostly been used in external panels of automobiles, but 490 MPa-grade steel sheets are also being partially applied, and it is expected that 590 MPa-grade steel sheets will also be increasingly applied.
When such steel sheets having increased strength are applied as an external panel as described above, weight reductions and dent resistance may improve, whereas, as strength increases, formability may be deteriorated, which is a disadvantage. Accordingly, recently, customers are demanding a steel sheet having a relatively low yield ratio (YR=YS/TS) and relatively high ductility to supplement poor workability while applying high-strength steel to an external panel.
In addition, to be applied as a material for external panels of automobiles, a steel sheet may be required to have a certain level or higher bake hardenability. A phenomenon of bake hardenability is a phenomenon in which yield strength increases due to adhesion of solid solution carbon and nitrogen, activated during a paint baking process, onto dislocations during a pressing process. It may be easy to form steel having excellent bake hardenability before a paint baking process, and final products thereof may have enhanced dent resistance. Thus, such steel may be very ideal as a material for the external panels of automobiles. In addition, to apply the steel as the material for external automobile panels, the steel may be required to have a certain level of aging resistance to guarantee aging for a certain period of time or longer.
As a conventional technique for improving workability in a high-strength steel sheet, Reference 1 discloses a steel sheet having a duplex structure mainly composed of martensite, and discloses a method of manufacturing a high-strength steel sheet in which a fine Cu precipitate having a grain size of 1 to 100 nm is dispersed in a structure to improve workability. However, in this technique, it is necessary to add an excessive content of Cu, 2 to 5%, to precipitate fine Cu particles. In this case, hot shortness attributable to Cu may occur, and manufacturing costs may increase excessively.
Reference 2 discloses a steel sheet having a complex structure including ferrite as a main phase, residual austenite as a secondary phase, and bainite and martensite as low temperature transformation phases, and a method for improving ductility and stretch flangeability of the steel sheet. However, this technique has problems in that it may be difficult to secure plating quality and to secure surface quality in a steel making process and a continuous casting process, since large amounts of Si and Al are added to secure the residual austenite phase. Also, a yield ratio may be high as an initial YS value is high due to transformation induced plasticity, which is another disadvantage.
Reference 3 discloses a steel sheet comprising both of soft ferrite and hard martensite as a microstructure, and a manufacturing method for improving an elongation and an r value (a Lankford value) of the steel sheet as a technique for providing a high tensile hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having good workability. However, this technique has problems, in that it may be difficult to secure good plating quality, since a large amount of Si is added and manufacturing costs may increase due to the addition of large amounts of Ti and Mo.    (Reference 1) Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2005-264176    (Reference 2) Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2004-292891    (Reference 3) Korean Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-0073564

Hot-dip galvanized steel plate with excellent bake hardenability and anti-aging property at room temperature


An automatic recognition and classification method for electrocardiogram heartbeat based on artificial intelligence, comprising: processing a received original electrocardiogram digital signal to obtain heartbeat time sequence data and lead heartbeat data; cutting the lead heartbeat data according to the heartbeat time sequence data to generate lead heartbeat analysis data; performing data combination on the lead heartbeat analysis data to obtain a one-dimensional heartbeat analysis array; performing data dimension amplification and conversion according to the one-dimensional heartbeat analysis array to obtain four-dimensional tensor data; and inputting the four-dimensional tensor data to a trained LepuEcgCatNet heartbeat classification model, to obtain heartbeat classification information. The method overcomes the defect that the conventional method only depends on single lead independent analysis for result summary statistics and thus classification errors are more easily obtained, and the accuracy of the electrocardiogram heartbeat classification is greatly improved.

A Cardiovascular disease is one of main diseases that threaten human health. A detection of the cardiovascular disease with effective means is currently an important topic that attracts a worldwide attention. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a main method for diagnosing the cardiovascular disease in modern medicine. Using the ECG to diagnose various cardiovascular diseases is essentially a process of extracting characteristic data of the ECG to classify the ECG. During the process for reading and analyzing the ECG, experts and doctors need to compare previous changes of signals of each lead (except for single-lead data) on the time sequence, and a correlation (spatial relationship) and variation between leads at the same time, and then an accurate judgment can be made. However, the accuracy cannot be guaranteed in the way that depends on experiences of the doctors.
With the development of science and technology, an automatic and accurate analysis of the ECG by using a computer has been rapidly developed. However, although most ECG analysis software in the market can automatically analyze the data, due to a complexity and variability of ECG signals themselves, the accuracy of the current automatic analysis software is far from enough to meet requirements of clinical analyses.

Automatic recognition and classification method for electrocardiogram heartbeat based on artificial intelligence


A method for rapidly changing temperatures of either an unpopulated printed circuit board or a completed printed circuit board assembly and testing operation thereof. The rapid temperature change nondestructively stresses the printed circuit board or assembly and uncovers many defects that are hard to discover by constant temperature test methods. Each unit under test is alternately bathed with cold perfluorinated liquid and hot perflourinated liquid to rapidly change it temperature from cold (273 degrees kelvin) to hot (333 degrees kelvin).

The present invention relates to a test method and apparatus and more particularly to a test method and apparatus for accelerated reliability testing.
The use of high temperatures and low temperatures as a means to stress electrical and electronic components in order to uncover weaknesses and faults without damaging healthy components is well known. Military standard Mil-Std-785B, Task 301 addresses the use of environmental stress as a method of inducing early failures due to part weaknesses and workmanship defects.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,710,251 issued to Holderfield et al. discloses a fixture for holding an unmounted microelectronic die or wafer and subjecting the microelectronic die or wafer to hot and cold temperatures while performing circuit tests. The hot and cold temperatures are derived from hot and cold liquids respectively and transferred through the holding fixture to the die or wafer. At column 2, lines 29-33 mention that rapid cycling between high and low temperatures is possible if such is required for circuit testing.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,870,355 issued to Kufis et al. discloses a fixture for holding a die or wafer and directly heating or cooling the die or wafer with hot or cold nitrogen gas.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,962,355 issued to Holderfield et al. discloses a fixture for heating or cooling a single electronic device, such as a hybrid semiconductor chip, with an unspecified fluid.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,945,302 issued to Janum discloses a test circuit board for mounting a plurality of microelectronic circuit and then subjecting part of the test circuit board and the microelectronic circuits thereon to elevated temperatures as a burn in procedure. The other part of the circuit board has test support circuits thereon and is not subjected to the elevated temperatures.
These patents all have the short coming that they do not disclose a method or an apparatus for testing a production printed circuit board (PCB), or a PCB assembly that has many electrical and electronic components attached thereto and inter-connected thereby. Yet each PCB assembly represents a considerable investment by the manufacturer, so it is desirable to uncover and repair any fault or weakness on each PCB and on each PCB assembly.
Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a test apparatus for mounting a PCB or PCB assembly, testing the operation of the PCB assembly during rapid temperature cycling of the entire circuit board and all the electrical and electronic components thereon.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a test method for testing a PCB or a PCB assembly during rapid temperature cycling in order to uncover weaknesses and faults thereof.

Memory and apparatus for a thermally accelerated reliability testing


In a method of the present invention for manufacturing a welded clad steel tube, an alloy including a corrosion-resisting or heat-resisting alloy is overlaid on a raw steel tube to manufacture a cold steel tube. Then, a cold or warm working is subjected to the clad steel tube. The clad steel tube is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature exceeding a recrystallization temperature of the alloy.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a elongated welded clad steel tube having excellent heat and corrosion resistances as well as good bending property.
2. Description of the Related Art
Waste heat obtained from burning inflammable industrial waste and municipal waste have recently come to be utilized in power generation for the effective use of energy. Heat transfer boiler tubes used in power generation are made of steels whose grades according to the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) are STB 340 and STBA 24. Since exhaust gas resulting from combustion brings about problems of corrosion by the molten salts contained in adhering ashes and/or highly corrosive gases such as chloride and sulfide gases, the steam temperature have to be reduced to 300.degree. C. or less. Unfortunately, the maximum power generating efficiency of the conventional method is about 15%. In order to overcome this problem, attempts have been made to increase the power generating efficiency to 30% by raising the steam temperature to 500.degree. C.
It has been proposed to use a Ni alloy, such as Alloy 625 (22% Cr-62% Ni-9% Mo), as a heat transfer tube for power generating boilers whose operating stem temperature is 500.degree. C. or more. The heat and corrosion resistance of the Ni alloy is extremely greater than STB 340 and STBA 24. Further, the following methods have been also proposed. A method of coating a Ni alloy or the like having excellent heat and corrosion resistance to the outer periphery surface of a currently used steel tube by powder spraying. A method of overlapping a Ni alloy or the like having excellent heat and corrosion resistance on the outer periphery surface of a currently used steel tube by plasma powder overlapping.
However, the method in which a Ni alloy having excellent heat and corrosion resistance, e.g., Alloy 625, is used as a material of the heat transfer tube for power generating boilers addresses the problem that the Ni alloy is expensive. The method in which a Ni alloy having excellent heat and corrosion resistance is coated to the outer periphery surface of the currently used tube by powder spraying addresses problems, one of which is that corrosion resistance is impaired due to overlay thickness, weld strength, and microvoid.
Further, the method of overlapping a Ni alloy having excellent heat and corrosion resistance on the outer periphery surface of a steel tube by plasma powder overlapping addresses no problems with respect to overlay thickness, weld strength, and heat and corrosion resistance, however not only has a shortcoming in obtaining accurate thickness, but also requires a large-sized welding machine for manufacturing elongated tubes, which entails an enormous cost.
Still further, having large surface roughness as overlaid, the clad steel tube obtained by this method also imposes the problem of poor nondestructive inspection accuracy.
Still further, there has been provided no appropriate heat transfer tubes for black liquid recovering boilers used in the paper manufacturing industry which have excellent heat and corrosion resistance as well as bending property and which are also inexpensive.

Method for manufacturing welded clad steel tube


A PCMCIA card includes a processor and a dual-ported memory thereon. The PCMCIA card is plugged into a host, such that both the PCMCIA card's processor and the host have access to the dual-ported memory. Upon initialization, the host will load the dual-ported memory will a boot sequence for the processor on the PCMCIA card. The processor on the PCMCIA card is then released from a reset state, and proceeds to boot from the boot sequence loaded by the host. The processor on the PCMCIA card is released from reset by the host accessing a predetermined location within the address space of the PCMCIA card.

The progression of computing technology brings with it, at each generation, reduced size and increased performance. Hardware that once occupied a room has been reduced in size to a box, a single IC chip, or merely a portion of an IC chip. This reduction in size has brought with it corresponding packaging advances.
As an example, IBM PC compatible computers use an internal bus structure that accepts expansion cards conforming to a particular form factor. However, when these computers were reduced to the laptop, notebook, and currently palmtop sizes, the standard expansion card was too large and potentially power hungry to be elegantly integrated into this new generation of reduced size computers.
A new standard for expansion card was therefore developed for portable computing devices. Originally known as "IC Cards", later renamed "PCMCIA cards" (i.e., Personal Computer Memory Common Interface Architecture) and most recently renamed "PC Cards", these cards adhere to well defined physical and electrical standards such that they are compatible with a variety of products from different vendors. These cards will be referred to herein as "PCMCIA" cards.
Although technology has brought with it size reduction of components, space within PCMCIA cards remains limited, especially in view of the functional demands placed thereon by customers. Therefore, many problems have been encountered in designing PCMCIA cards with all the technology and features demanded of them, while still conforming to the tight physical space limitations thereof.
One particular set of problems is related to the program storage devices for processors on-board PCMCIA cards. In order for the PCMCIA card processor to initially boot-up when powered, there must be some program loaded within the on-board program storage device. Conventionally, non-volatile storage devices of the rewriteable or one-time-programmable type have been used to hold programming for the card. These devices are typically soldered to the PCMCIA card, since sockets are unreliable, costly, and too large for most PCMCIA applications. The storage devices are often programmed before they are soldered to the PCMCIA printed circuit board.
Programming the program storage devices before "solder down" introduces many problems. For example, additional manufacturing steps are needed to program, test and track the devices. Any added steps in manufacturing add a corresponding cost. Further, if software updates are performed between programming and product shipment, reprogramming is needed. This again adds costs. Moreover, if the storage device was one-time programmable, it must be thrown away, an even more expensive undertaking (especially if it has already been soldered to the board, and must be unsoldered and replaced).
Along with problems related to the programming of the program storage devices, conventional techniques introduce problems in the amount of storage available in such devices. For instance, in the case of one-time programmable devices, any diagnostic code is preloaded therein. This reduces the amount of space available for applications code. A compromise is therefore struck, and limited diagnostics typically results. This increases repair costs.
In the case of reprogrammable program storage devices (for example, flash memory) at least some loader and reconfiguration code is required within the storage device to facilitate an initial load (and reload) of code. Again this takes valuable storage space away from applications code.
By way of further background, previous non-PCMCIA systems have been implemented where a first processor loads a memory shared with a second processor which then boots therefrom. However, these systems have not been configured with an industry standard interface between the processors, let alone a PCMCIA interface. Thus, these previous systems have not had to provide all communications and control necessary to boot from a shared memory, while still adhering to a strictly defined set of standardized communications and control signaling.
The present invention is directed toward solutions to the above-noted problems.

Method and system for PCMCIA card boot from dual-ported memory


A thermosensitive reversible recording material capable of forming and holding clear colored images with a high contrast and capable of being repeatedly color-developed and color-erased many times, has a thermosensitive recording layer formed on substrate sheet and including (A) at least one reversibly color-developing and -erasing compound selected from those of the formulae (I), (II) and (III), and (B) at least one dye precursor compound of the formula (IV). ##STR1## R.sup.1 =naphyl or lower alkoxy-substituted phenyl group Y.sup.1, Y.sup.2 =--NHCO--, --SCONH--, --CONHCO--, etc., n, m, p=10 to 29, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl or substituted or non-substituted phenyl group, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or phenyl group.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a thermosensitive reversible recording material capable of color-developing and color-erasing colored images under controlled heating conditions and of holding the color-developed condition and the color-erased condition of the images at room temperature. More particularly, the present invention relates to a thermosensitive reversible recording material capable of forming colored images having a high contrast on a white ground, having a good image-retention characteristic and capable of being repeatedly color-developed and color-erased many times, without the contrast being decreased.
(2) Description of the Related Art
Generally, since a thermosensitive recording apparatus is compact and inexpensive and is easy to maintain, a thermosensitive recording material has been used as an output sheet for computers, measurement equipment, registers, CDS and ATMS, facsimiles, automatic ticket vending machines, and hand-held terminals and, recently, as a magnetic and thermosensitive recording card for prepaid cards and point cards, in which a magnetic recording facility is added. In conventional magnetic, thermosensitive recording cards, while the magnetic information can be renewed at every use, the thermally recorded images cannot be renewed and additional information, for example, remaining number of uses, must be additionally recorded in a portion of the card free from the recorded images. However, since the area of the portion of the card capable of receiving the additional information is limited, the amount of the thermally recorded information is limited or, when the additional information-recording area is filled, the card must be replaced by a new one. Accordingly, to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages, the development of a thermosensitive reversible recording material capable of repeatedly renewing the record of information has been strongly demanded.
Also, based on a recent emphasis on waste-treatment and forest-preservation, re-use of the thermosensitive recording material is desired. There have been various attempts at developing a re-usable thermosensitive recording material. Especially, development of a thermosensitive reversible recording material capable of repeatedly renewing the recorded information many times has been demanded for wide use as a means which does not need a large-scale apparatus, for example, an ink-removing apparatus.
Also, the thermosensitive reversible recording materials as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications No. 3-233,490 and No. 5-42,762 have attracted public attention as recording materials for simple display, and a thermosensitive reversible recording material suitable for the above-mentioned display apparatus is strongly demanded.
On the basis of the above-mentioned demands, various types of reversible thermosensitive recording materials have been proposed.
For example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications No. 63-107,584, No. 4-78,573 and No. 4-358,878, reversible thermosensitive recording materials utilizing a polymer capable of changing transparency thereof in response to heating conditions are described. However, since these recording materials utilize a transparent-to-opaque changing phenomenon due to a phase transition of the polymer, a satisfactory transparency and a sufficient opacity cannot be easily obtained, the contrast between the color-developed images and the color-erased image traces is low, and naked-eye observation in the dark is difficult. Also, in general, the above-mentioned type of recording materials are disadvantageous in that since white images are recorded on a colored ground of the recording material, a recording material capable of recording colored images on a white ground, namely, a paper-like recording material, is difficult to obtain.
As means for solving the above-mentioned problems of the conventional reversible thermosensitive recording materials, a dye-type reversible thermosensitive recording material using a conventional dye usable for conventional thermosensitive recording materials and a dye developer capable of reversibly color-developing and erasing the dye are known. The dye-type reversible thermosensitive materials can easily record colored images in a white ground, and the resultant recorded images have relatively high contrast. As the above-mentioned dye type reversible thermosensitive recording material, the following systems are known.
In Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications No. 58-191,190 and No. 60-193,691, a system using, as a developing agent, gallic acid or phloroglucinol is described. However, this type of system is disadvantageous in that since erasure of the colored images needs water or water vapor, the color-erasing apparatus must have a large size.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications No. 60-264,285 and No. 62-140,881 disclose a system using a thermochronic material with hysteresis. This type of system is disadvantageous in that since the colored image-retaining temperature range is limited in both the upper and lower limits thereof, the apparatus for the system is complicated and there is a limitation on the temperature range usable for practice.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-173,684 discloses a system using, as a color-developing agent, an ascorbic acid derivative. This system is disadvanteous in that, in erasing the colored images, erasure cannot be fully effected.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications No. 2-188,293 and No. 2-188,294 disclose a system in which a salt of a specific organic acid such as gallic acid with a higher aliphatic amine is used as a color-developing agent. This system is, however, disadvantageous in that since the color-developing reaction and the color-erasing reactions are competitive with each other, it is difficult to control the reactions so as to selectively promote only one of the reactions, and colored images with a high contrast are difficult to obtain.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publications No. 5-124,360 and No. 6-210,954 disclose a system using, as a color-developing agent, a phosphoric acid compound or phenol compound each having a long chain alkyl group. This system is, however, disadvantageous in that the colored images may be not fully erased and the storage property of the colored images may be insufficient.
As mentioned above, although various types of reversible thermosensitive recording material have been disclosed, each of them has various disadvantages. Therefore, no reversible thermosensitive recording material having a practically satisfactory performance has been obtained.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present invention have provided a thermosensitive reversible recording material in which a specific color-developing agent comprising a compound having a long chain alkyl group and a sulfonyl(thio)urea group is used, as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-272,261.
This type of thermosensitive reversible recording material can form colored images having a high contrast and an excellent storage retention on a white ground by using a small, compact printer. The colored images can be repeatedly color-developed and color-erased only by changing the heating condition. However, the recording material is not satisfactory in that an increased number of repeats of the color-developing and erasing operations may cause the erasure of the colored images to become insufficient and thus after the color-erasure, the color density of the resultant residual images to increase.

Thermosensitive reversible recording material


A technique for improving the efficiency of downloading transmission data is disclosed. An information downloading apparatus downloads differing sets of information to predetermined groups to which a mobile terminal may belong. This apparatus includes a channel selecting unit for selecting from plural information channels an information channel for transmitting transmission data and a transmitting unit for transmitting transmission data using the selected information channel. The channel selecting unit selects an information channel so that sets of transmission data with differing destination addresses may be transmitted through differing information channels. The transmitting unit transmits to each group, through a control channel, information pertaining to whether a set of transmission data exists, the information channel to be used if the set of transmission data exists, and the data length of the set of transmission data. The control channel includes time slots that are associated with the groups.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a technique for downloading identical information to plural mobile terminals, and particularly to an information downloading apparatus and a mobile terminal.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the above-described technical field, broadcasting technology for realizing simultaneous transmissive communication with respect to all mobile terminals, or multicast technology for realizing simultaneous transmissive communication with respect to mobile terminals that belong to a predetermined group may be used, for example.
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of information downloading using multicast technology. In FIG. 1, a control channel 10 that is made up of time slots that are respectively assigned to various multicast groups, and a message channel 12 for actually downloading information in relation to the control channel 10 are shown. The control channel 10 is arranged into a repetition of super frames 14, and N time slots that are numbered from 0 to N−1, respectively, are included in each super frame 14. N (>0) may be set according to the number of different types of downloading information that are provided, and designates the number of groups to which a mobile terminal may belong.
FIG. 2 is a table illustrating the relation between a time slot number and a group (information content). For example, if information downloading pertaining to weather forecast is desired, a mobile terminal may be required to subscribe to the multicast group corresponding to slot number 1.
Referring back to FIG. 1, a mobile terminal may receive control channel information pertaining to the group to which it belongs. Such information may only be transmitted through a predetermined timeslot. Thereby, the mobile terminal may conserve its battery energy through intermittent reception to receive control data from the control channel only during the period corresponding to the time slot of the pertinent group to which the mobile terminal belongs. For example, if the mobile terminal belongs to the weather forecast group, it may receive signals from the control channel during the period of time slot 1, and may be configured to refrain from receiving signals during the periods of the other time slots. The control channel 10 includes information indicating whether download information exists, and the mobile terminal may be configured to extract this information. If it is determined that there is no transmission information, the mobile terminal may go back to a standby mode to receive the next control data from the control channel. On the other hand, if it is determined that transmission information exists, the mobile terminal may receive the transmission information that is transmitted through the message channel 12 after a predetermined time (offset time) elapses from the time slot 1 (i.e., after time t1). Similarly, mobile terminals belonging to other groups may also receive desired information using the control channel that indicates the existence of transmission information and the message channel 12 (e.g., if the desired information corresponds to baseball information, the information is transmitted after time t2; and if the desired information corresponds to stock information, the information is transmitted after time t3).
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2000-224648 relating to information downloading discloses a technique for creating a broadcast channel that is dedicated to broadcasting using a predetermined time slot from time slots provided for a control channel and a communication (message) channel, and transmitting broadcast data via this broadcast channel to thereby simultaneously transmit the broadcast data to plural mobile terminals.
However, in such prior art example, the time slots used for the information downloading implements a fixed signal format that is set beforehand. Thereby, the amount of information to be downloaded and the transmission time are likely to be restricted by the pre-set time slots. To transmit additional information that cannot be accommodated within a predetermined time slot, the information may be divided into different time slots of super frames and transmitted using each time slot assigned to the current group that appears in each super frame 14. The information may then be recombined at the reception side. However, in such case, additional processes are required for dividing and recombining the information. This is inconvenient for a mobile terminal, which is preferably configured to conserve energy consumption. Also, another problem is the fact that much time is required for all the information to be accumulated at the reception side.
Alternatively, instead of dividing and transmitting information in accordance with the format of the super frames, for example, weather forecast information that is originally intended to be transmitted using one time slot may be transmitted using two time slots (i.e., during the period from time t1 to time t3) so that the weather forecast information may be transmitted at once instead of having to be divided. However, in such case, the baseball information may not be transmitted at transmission time t2 as is originally intended (since the weather forecast information is being transmitted), and thereby, this information may not be transmitted until the next transmission time t2 of time slot 2 in the next super frame 14. Accordingly, when attempting to transmit more than the predetermined amount of information, the information downloading time for the current group or another group may be increased, and thereby, the efficient downloading may not always be realized.
It is also noted that information to be transmitted does not always require one time slot's worth of communication resources. However, even in the case of downloading information that does not reach the capacity of one time slot, since a pre-set fixed signal format is used, information resources are allotted in time slot units. Thus, efficient downloading may not always be obtained in regard to communication resource usage efficiency, for example.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Information downloading apparatus and mobile terminal


A recording of a macro is initiated. A first of a plurality of actions performable by the moveable barrier operator is selected and the first action is associated with the macro. At least a second of the plurality of actions available is selected at the moveable barrier operator and the second action is associated with the macro. A functional sequence of the first and second actions is recorded. The functional sequence specifies the order of performance of the first and second action. The recording of the macro is terminated. Subsequent to the terminating, actions recorded by the macro are performed at the moveable barrier operator in accordance with the functional sequence.

Different types of moveable barrier operators have been sold over the years and these systems have been used to actuate various types of moveable barriers. For example, garage door operators have been used to move garage doors and gate operators have been used to open and close gates.
Such barrier movement operators may include a wall control unit, which is connected to send signals to a head unit thereby causing the head unit to open and close the barrier. In addition, these operators often include a receiver unit at the head unit to receive wireless transmissions from a hand-held code transmitter or from a keypad transmitter, which may be affixed to the outside of the area closed by the barrier or other structure.
In addition, various functions are performed at moveable barrier operators. For example, users may desire that the door be opened and a light be activated. In another example, the user may desire that a delay period occur before the door opens so that the user can enter their vehicle. In still another example, the door may be opened and a light activated and, after a delay period, the light may be turned off.
Previous systems provided individual commands that operated features of the system by actuating a single switch or some other kind of actuation device. For example, a button was often provided to open the door and another button provided to turn on the light. Unfortunately, in these systems, the user was forced to use the function buttons that were provided or preconfigured with the operator and could not change the functions associated with these buttons or create new functions. In addition, previous systems suffered from the limitation that a single new operation could not be created that combined existing functions. As a result of these problems, user frustration with previous systems occurred since the functions provided with the system could not be changed and/or combined to suit a particular user's requirements.

System and method for providing a macro for a barrier operator


A vehicle headlight including a common light distribution unit and a variable light distribution unit and a headlight system including the headlight can form a common light distribution pattern and a variable light distribution pattern using the common and the variable light distribution units. The variable distribution unit can include a light source, a phosphor panel, a mirror reflecting/scanning light emitted from the light source onto the phosphor panel and a projector lens projecting the scanning light adjacent the common light distribution pattern. The headlight system can include a front sensor detecting a surrounding condition, and can control the common and the variable light distribution units to form an optimum light distribution pattern in accordance with surrounding conditions. Thus, the disclosed subject matter can provide a headlight system including a headlight that can form an optimum light distribution pattern in accordance with surrounding conditions and can have a simple structure.

1. Field
The presently disclosed subject matter relates to a vehicle headlight and a headlight system using the same, and more particularly to a vehicle headlight using a semiconductor light source and a mirror that can provide various light distribution patterns while having a simple structure and the headlight system using the same that can vary a light distribution pattern in accordance with surroundings such as an oncoming vehicle, a forward travelling vehicle, a road, etc.
2. Description of the Related Art
Vehicle headlights that can vary a light distribution pattern to maintain a high visibility in accordance with surroundings such as an existence of an oncoming vehicle, a forward travelling vehicle and the like have been developed in recent years. A conventional vehicle headlight using variable shades is disclosed in Patent Document No. 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid Open JP2009-211963). FIG. 9a is a schematic side cross-section view showing this right and left conventional vehicle headlight, and FIG. 9b is a rear view showing a right and left variable shade used in the right left conventional vehicle of FIG. 9a.
The conventional vehicle headlight 100 includes: a reflector 101 having a first focus and a second focus; a discharge lamp 102 located near the first focus of the reflector 101; a variable shade 104 in which a top edge of the variable shade 104 is located near the second focus of the reflector 101; a projector lens 103 projecting light emitted from the discharge lamp 102 in a light-emitting direction of the vehicle headlight 100; and an actuator 105 slanting the variable shade 104 toward the projector lens 103 and the discharge lamp 102.
The variable shade 104 can include a right variable shade 104R composed of a right shade 104RR and a left shade 104RL and can be used for a right headlight of the vehicle headlight 100. A left variable shade 104L composed of a right shade 104LR and a left shade 104LL can be used as the variable shade 104 for a left headlight of the vehicle headlight 100. The right variable shade 104R and the left variable shade 104L shown in FIG. 9b are rear views from the discharge lamp 102.
FIG. 10 is a plurality of schematic diagrams depicting exemplary light distribution patterns formed by the vehicle headlight of FIG. 9a. When the vehicle headlight 100 is lit by a manual switch, pattern (a) of a low beam is formed by locating the right and left variable shades 104R, 104L at a vertical mode as shown in FIG. 9a. When pattern (b) of a high beam is changed by the manual switch, pattern (b) may be formed by slanting the both left shades 104RL and 104LL of the right and left variable shades 104R and 104L toward the discharge lamp 102 and by slanting both right shades 104RR and 104LR of the right and left variable shades 104R and 104L toward the projector lens 103.
When the vehicle headlight 100 is lit by an automatic switch, the following light distribution pattern may be changed by information from a camera, which is attached to a front window of a vehicle. When there is not an oncoming vehicle and a forward travelling vehicle in front of a vehicle, pattern (b) may be formed by the same method as the high beam. When an oncoming vehicle exists in a far forward direction of a vehicle, pattern (c) may be formed by slanting only the right shade 104LR of the left variable shade 104L toward the projector lens 103.
When an oncoming vehicle exists in a near forward direction of a vehicle, pattern (d) may be formed by slanting both right shades 104RR and 104LR of the right and left variable shades 104R and 104L toward the projector lens 103. When forward travelling vehicles exist in both far and near forward directions of a vehicle, pattern (e) may be formed by slanting only the left shade 104RL of the right variable shade 104R toward the discharge lamp 102. When a forward travelling vehicle exists in a left forward direction of a vehicle, pattern (f) may be formed by slanting both left shades 104RL and 104LL of the right and left variable shades 104R and 104L toward the discharge lamp 102.
Therefore, the vehicle headlight 100 can form the light distribution patterns (a) to (e) in accordance with surroundings such as the existence of an oncoming vehicle and a forward travelling vehicle. However, when the number of the light distribution patterns (a) to (e) further increases for additional patterns such as a light distribution pattern for a traffic sign, a light distribution pattern located near a vehicle for wet weather, etc., it may be difficult for the vehicle headlight 100 to increase additional patterns due to a constructive limitation.
Another conventional vehicle headlight using a matrix light source is disclosed in Patent Document No. 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid Open JP2008-10228). FIG. 11 is a schematic side cross-section view showing the other conventional vehicle headlight, and FIG. 12 is a diagram showing exemplary light-emitting patterns formed by the matrix light source for the vehicle headlight of FIG. 11.
The conventional vehicle headlight 110 includes: a casing 111; the matrix light source 113 attached to the casing 111; a connector 115 connecting the matrix light source 113 for receiving a power supply and attached to the casing 111; an optical member 114 forming a matrix light emitted from the matrix light source 113; a transparent cover 112 passing the matrix light formed by the optical member 114 and attached to the casing 111.
The matrix light source 113 may emit a light-emitting pattern (a) for a high beam and a light-emitting pattern (b) for a low beam as shown in FIG. 12. Therefore, the conventional vehicle headlight 110 may form a light distribution pattern for a high beam similar to pattern (b) shown in FIG. 10 by light-emitting pattern (a) of the matrix light source 113, and may form a light distribution pattern for a low beam similar to pattern (a) shown in FIG. 10 by light-emitting pattern (b) of the matrix light source 113.
However, when the number of the light distribution patterns further increases, such as a light distribution pattern for a traffic sign, a light distribution pattern located near a vehicle for wet weather, and the like, it may be necessary for the vehicle headlight 110 to add additional light sources and/or to extend the optical member 114. Accordingly, the transparent cover 112 and the vehicle headlight 110 may become large, and also outside appearance possibilities for the vehicle headlight 110 may become diminished.
Another conventional vehicle headlight using a matrix mirror is disclosed in Patent Document No. 3 (Japanese Patent No. 3,982,412). FIG. 13 is a schematic side cross-section view showing the other conventional vehicle headlight, and FIG. 14 is a partial close-up perspective view showing the matrix mirror used for the vehicle headlight of FIG. 13.
The conventional vehicle headlight 120 includes: a light source 121; a reflector 122 reflecting light emitted from the light source 121; a collimator lens 123 passing the light emitted from the light source 121 and light reflected by the reflector 122; the matrix mirror 124 including a plurality of micro mirrors reflecting light L1 passing through the collimator lens 123; a diffusing lens 125 diffusing light L2 reflected by the matrix mirror 124; and a projector lens 126 projecting light diffused by the diffusing lens 125 in a light-emitting direction of the vehicle headlight 120.
In this case, the matrix mirror 124 includes the plurality of micro mirrors, for example 800×600 (=480,000 pieces). By digital-controlling the light L1 using the large number of micro mirrors so as to direct the light L2 toward the diffusing lens 125 for forming a light distribution pattern, various light distribution patterns similar to patterns (a) to (f) shown in FIG. 10 may be emitted via the projector lens 126 in accordance with a sensor, which detects an external condition of a vehicle.
However, the above-described structure in which the micro mirrors of 480,000 pieces are digitally-controlled at a duty ratio of, for example, 8 bit may become very complex. In addition, an alignment for the optical system such as the collimator lens 123, the matrix mirror 124 and the like may also become difficult and/or require high production and working tolerances.
The above-referenced Patent Documents are listed below, and are hereby incorporated with their English abstracts in their entireties.    1. Patent Document No. 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid Open JP2009-211963    2. Patent Document No. 2: Japanese Patent Application Laid Open JP2008-10228    3. Patent Document No. 3: Japanese Patent No. 3,982,412    4. Patent Document No. 4: Japanese Patent Application Laid Open JP2005-128147    5. Patent Document No. 5: Japanese Patent No. 4,092,283
The disclosed subject matter has been devised to consider the above and other problems, features, and characteristics. Thus, embodiments of the disclosed subject matter can include a variable light distribution unit using a semiconductor light source and a mirror that can provide various light distribution patterns with a compact structure. The disclosed subject matter can also include a vehicle headlight that includes a common light distribution unit forming a common light distribution pattern and the variable light distribution unit, which can form various light distribution patterns to enhance a visibility for a drive with a simple structure.


The present invention relates to a method for a terminal transreceiving data with a first base station supporting first radio access technology (RAT) and a second bases station supporting second RAT in a radio access system supporting Multi-RAT, and comprises the following steps: performing initial network entry with the first base station; negotiating with the first base station Multi-RAT capability for exchanging information necessary to access the second base station; performing the access process with the second base station; and simultaneously transreceiving data between the first base station and the second base station, which is accessed through the access process, wherein the step of negotiating Multi-RAT capability further comprises a step of transmitting control information that expresses a specific service flow or a QoS type, which prefers communication with the second base station, to the first base station.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a radio access system supporting multi-radio access technology (RAT) and, more particularly, to a method and the apparatus for transmitting and receiving data over two or more heterogeneous networks.
2. Related Art
In a conventional radio communication environment supporting two or more heterogeneous networks, although a terminal has capabilities to access multi-RAT, the terminal is unable to access the multi-RAT at the same time and transmit and receive data to and from the two or more heterogeneous networks at the same time.
That is, a conventional terminal supporting multi-RAT accesses any one RAT based on switching and transmits and receives data over one network. Accordingly, if a terminal having multi-RAT capabilities transmits and receives data over a specific network and transmits and receives data over a network different from the specific network, the transmission and reception of data over any one network is stopped.
Accordingly, in the prior art, a terminal having capabilities supporting two or more heterogeneous networks is able to perform communication by using different networks, but efficiency is limited because the terminal operates based on simple switching.
Furthermore, since different networks independently operate, an inefficient operation is performed from a viewpoint of the overall flow management of a terminal.
For this purpose, methods have been defined for a terminal having multi-RAT capability in which the terminal simultaneously transmits and receives data by using two or more heterogeneous networks (e.g., a first system and a second system), i.e. by transmitting and receiving data through each network simultaneously.
The methods defined above, however, enable the multi-RAT MS to communicate only the data corresponding to specific service flow with the second system through the control by the first system.

Method and apparatus for transreceiving data in radio access system supporting multi-rat


A container which is useful in storing articles which are to be recycled until the filled container is returned to the original manufacturer or recycling depot. The container has a port through which cartridges may be conveniently inserted to be stored. The container, which has a plastic bag in communication with the port, is preferably supplied to the consumer as a folded blank and which may be easily erected by the consumer to form a recycling container.

This invention relates to a container which may be used to collect and store articles which by their nature have a limited useful life. When an article of the type mentioned above has reached the end of its useful life, it may be inserted in the container where it may be conveniently stored until the container is completely filled. The container may also house a plastic bag in its interior, if the exhausted articles are not dry. The container may preferably have a port in one end thereof for insertion of the exhausted articles and the plastic bag may be made to co-operate with the port so that when an article is inserted into the aperture in the container, it will in fact be received in the plastic bag in the interior of the container, thus protecting the container from exposure to any liquids which the exhausted articles might contain.
It is most important that the container as proposed is leakproof because the container and the exhausted containers it contains will be returned to the designated recycling authority through the post office.
Any container leaking its contents (in this instance, water) would suffer immediate rejection by the postal authorities.


A dehumidification system is disclosed including a regeneration air flow path, a process air flow path, and a recirculation air flow path. In one embodiment, the regeneration air flow path includes a regeneration fan and a refrigeration system having an evaporator coil upstream of a condenser coil. The system also includes a desiccant wheel partially disposed within the process air flow path and partially disposed in the regeneration air flow path downstream of the refrigeration system. The recirculation air flow path is in fluid communication with the regeneration air flow path downstream of the regeneration fan at an inlet and upstream of the refrigeration system at an outlet. The recirculation air flow path is arranged to allow for an air flow to be recirculated through the refrigeration system and the desiccant wheel by the regeneration fan. A heat exchanger may also be provided in the regeneration air flow path.

Dehumidification systems are required for spaces and facilities in which humidity levels must be controlled to an acceptable level. Often systems are configured to utilize a refrigeration system in which an evaporator coil is used to remove moisture from the air and a downstream condensing coil is used to reheat the dehumidified air, which can then be delivered to a space. In some applications, these types of systems are utilized in conjunction with a desiccant wheel to aid in regenerating the wheel. However, the air used for the regeneration process is often ambient air which is subsequently exhausted from the system. One known system is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/870,195 filed on Aug. 27, 2010 entitled High Efficiency Desiccant Dehumidifier, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein. Although satisfactory dehumidification performance can be achieved in systems incorporating a refrigeration system and a desiccant wheel, operating costs can be relatively. This is especially true for systems requiring supplemental heating of outdoor air to achieve satisfactory regeneration temperatures. Improvements are desired.


A device for detecting defective memory includes a first global word line; a second global word line; a global word-line front end, connected to the first global word line; a global word-line driver, connected to the global word-line front end and driving the first global word line; a local word-line driver, connected to the first global word line and driving a local word line; and a voltage-controlled transistor, including a first terminal connected to the first global word line, a second terminal connected to a connection line between the global word-line front end and the global word-line driver, and a third terminal outputting a test current.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a detecting device, and more particularly, relates to a device for detecting defective memory.
2. The Prior Arts
Nowadays, due to advances in semiconductor processes and personal computers, computer memory has become an essential electronic device of personal computers. Computer memory is an electronic device manufactured from semiconductor process technologies, for storing data.
In general, computer memory can be classified into two types according to the storage ability and power supply relationships: volatile memory and non-volatile memory. Volatile memory is memory that will lose all data stored when there is an interruption to the power supply. Non-volatile memory is memory that will not lose stored data even when there is interruption to the power supply; further, the data stored in the memory can be accessed once again when the power supply is restored.
Moreover, volatile memory mainly includes: static random access memory (SRAM) and dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The advantage of SRAM is high speed, but the resource occupied in each cell of this type of memory is more in comparison with DRAM. Additionally, the advantage of DRAM is that each cell of this type of memory requires less resource and occupies small space. However, the speed of DRAM is slower than that of SRAM. Generally, computer memory is mostly made of DRAM.
However, the prior art has shown that as a result of advances in semiconductor processes, the distances between the plurality of global word lines of computer memory have become extremely small. This is especially true for the plurality of global word lines in DRAM. As such, the testing of the above-mentioned DRAM is very important. However, in the actual environment, since the leakage current leaked from the plurality of transistors in the interior of DRAM is small, whether there is a short circuit between the plurality of global word lines of DRAM cannot be accurately detected. Thus, in order to solve the problem of not being able to directly and accurately detect a short circuit between the plurality of global word lines of DRAM, the present invention provides a device for detecting defective memory that can effectively detect whether a defect exists between the plurality of global word lines (such as a short circuit) in DRAM.
As such, the present invention may provide a device that allows the user to effectively detect whether there is a defect between the plurality of global word lines, and the device of the present invention ideally has the benefit of not needing to redesign DRAM, and at the same time having the characteristics of being useful and stable, having reduced testing costs and being easy to use.

Device for detecting defective global word line


Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and system for determining participants for a conference call where the participants may be selected based on similar attributes as well as the descriptions of the conference call. Additionally, the conference call may be split into smaller breakout sessions, further separating the participants based on various attributes. Further, the conference call participants may be shuffled thereby creating different breakout sessions with different participants with like attributes. The conference call including the selected participants is initiated.

The present invention relates generally to the field of communication and, in particular, controlling conference calls over a network.
Conference calls provide a real time communication between two or more persons. Conference calls offer an 'in person' meeting experience, connecting participants across multiple continents and time zones. Specifically, conference calls provide a highly effective and convenient conversation medium between persons. For example, businesses use conference calls regularly to meet with remote parties, both internally and outside of their company, allowing businesses to reduce travel expenses and save time, while still maintaining the close relationships with customers and employees.
To create a satisfactory conference call, the conference calling system emulates what participants would experience during a regular 'in person' meeting. For example, a conference call may utilize audio, video and multimedia technology, creating a better user experience. Further, a conference call may include the ability to allow separate conference calls to be merged into one larger conference call. Moreover, a conference call may include the ability to have a sub-conference, or a breakout session with a particular set of the participants, apart from the main conference call.

International Business Machines Corporation


Methods and systems according to the invention may compare a large-area biometric specimen and a small-area biometric sample. For example, a large-area plain surface fingerprint image may be stored in a fingerprint database as a specimen, and then a small-area plain surface fingerprint image may be acquired as a sample. The small-area image sample may be submitted to a fingerprint matching system for comparison with a large-area image specimen from the database. A determination may be made as to whether the small-area image matches a portion of the large-area image.

Biometric identification systems, such as fingerprint identification systems have been available for many years. They work well and are quite reliable when used properly. The ability of a fingerprint identification system to correctly match a fingerprint sample to a pre-enrolled fingerprint specimen stored in a biometrics database is directly proportional to the size of the fingerprint specimen within the database and its correlation with a submitted fingerprint sample.
A problem exists when using fingerprint identification systems where the enrolled fingerprint images or feature extracted representations are used for comparison with live scan plain impression fingerprint images submitted to the database system for a comparison match. Frequently, the submitted sample fingerprint image, although rich in feature detail, fails to be matched or recognized because the finger was not properly oriented on the imaging platen during the image capture process, or in the case of a small-area fingerprint scanner, the imaged area of the finger was not exactly the same as the area that was imaged to produce the fingerprint specimen that is stored in the database. In some situations, the finger may have been tilted to the side or may have been presented on the extreme fingertip end. The match request fails in these circumstances, not because of lack of detail, but because the detail does not represent the same surface of the finger as that which was originally enrolled in the database.

Large-area biometric specimen comparison with small-area biometric sample


System and method for providing a binary encoding protocol as an alternative to markup language protocols for Web services. Embodiments may provide a Web services stack with a single API that supports a binary encoding protocol in addition to a markup language protocol. Embodiments may dynamically and transparently switch between the markup language protocol and the binary encoding protocol, for example for communications between servers and clients in a Web services network environment. An exemplary markup language is XML. An exemplary binary encoding protocol that may be used is WS-Fast, which may use Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) and a mapping from XML Schema to ASN.1 for on-the-wire binary messages. Some embodiments may be implemented as a Java Web services stack that implements WS-Fast as an alternative to XML, while still supporting XML and providing one API to both protocols.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to computer software, and more particularly to communications protocols between Web services on a network.
2. Description of the Related Art
At the heart of Web services is markup language (e.g. XML)-based messaging. The self-describing, redundant nature of markup language protocols such as XML has significant advantages, but they come at a price of bandwidth and performance. Markup language-based (e.g. XML-based) messages may be larger and require more processing that messages in alternative (typically binary) protocols, such as RMI, RMI/IIOP or CORBA/IIOP. In XML and other markup languages, data may be represented inefficiently, and binding typically requires more computation. For example, a Java RMI (Remote Method Invocation) service may perform an order of magnitude more quickly than an equivalent conventional Web service using XML. Although RMI does not use HTTP, this is not a significant factor for XML-based messages when compared to binding. HTTP becomes a more noteworthy factor when a more efficient format is used, which suggests that alternative transports to increase Web services performance may be desirable.
Increased bandwidth affects wire-based networks as well as wireless-based networks. Often, the latter have more restrictions in terms of bandwidth allotted for communication by a network device. In addition, larger messages increase the possibility of retransmission, while the smaller the message, the less likely it will be corrupted when in the air. Increased processing similarly affects the network devices communicating using the two forms of network (wire-based and wireless). A server may not be able to handle the throughput the network demands of it. Mobile phone battery life may be reduced as the device uses more memory and performs more processing. As the scale of Web service usage increases these problems are likely to be exacerbated.
WSDL
The Web Services Description Language (WSDL) is an XML-based language used to describe the services a business offers and to provide a way for individuals and other businesses to access those services electronically. WSDL is the cornerstone of the Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) initiative spearheaded by Microsoft, IBM, and Ariba. UDDI is an XML-based registry which enables businesses to list themselves and their services on the Internet. WSDL is the language used to do this. The following are some aspects of WSDL:                The abstract, which defines the messages, using W3C XML Schema and the port type, containing operations that state what messages may be sent and received.        The binding, which defines how a port type is bound to a protocol and therefore how the messages are encoded on the wire. Thus, a port type may be bound to many types of protocol and encodings thereof. The most common and widely used binding is the SOAP binding, which defines two forms of literal encoding, meaning that the XML schema is used literally to define XML-based content for the body, headers, and faults of the SOAP protocol. The RPC/literal and document/literal encodings are defined. The former allows for zero or more parameters in a SOAP body message, while the latter only allows for zero or one parameter in a SOAP body message.        The service, which attaches one or more bindings to a network address, which are referred to as a ports.
FIG. 1 illustrates the general structure of a WSDL Web services stack. A Web services stack may include an application layer 10, a protocol and data binding layer 12, and a transport layer 14.
Data Compression and Web Services
There are problems with using a data compression algorithm to speed up Web services. Even though it is true that, using some compression algorithms, the message size may be reduced (this is especially true for XML data), this does not necessarily translate into better latency or better throughput. Data compression algorithms tend to be very CPU intensive, and this has a direct impact on roundtrip latency. In addition, once the XML data is uncompressed, it must be parsed and possibly bound to an object model. A significant percentage of the latency time is spent in those two steps. Data compression may be useful for some applications (e.g. those sending data over low-bandwidth lines with a per-byte charge), but its applicability to Web services is limited.
JAX-RPC
JAX-RPC (Java API for XML-Based RPC) is an application program interface (API) in the Java Web Services Developer Pack (WSDP) that enables Java developers to include remote procedure calls (RPCs) with Web services or other Web-based applications. JAX-RPC is aimed at making it easier for applications or Web services to call other applications or Web services. JAX-RPC provides a programming model for the development of SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)-based applications. The JAX-RPC programming model simplifies development by abstracting SOAP protocol-level runtime mechanisms and providing mapping services between Java and the Web Services Description Language (WSDL).
JAXB
Java Architecture for XML Binding (JAXB) provides a mechanism to bind an XML schema to a representation in Java code. JAXB provides an API and tools that automate the mapping between XML documents and Java objects. This makes it easy for a developer to incorporate XML data and processing functions in applications based on Java technology without having to know much about XML itself. JAXB simplifies access to an XML document from a Java program by presenting the XML document to the program in a Java format.


A mechanical coolant pump for an internal combustion engine includes an impeller pump wheel. The pump housing comprises an outlet valve arrangement arranged between an outlet volute and a pump outlet, and a support portion. The pump housing closes and/or opens a valve opening. The outlet valve arrangement comprises a valve body which pivots. The valve body comprises a closing element which covers the valve opening, and first and second end disks. The closing element comprises an opening seat in a closed valve position. The first and second end disks are parallel to each other, are arranged at opposite axial ends of, and perpendicular to, the closing element, and rotate around a pivot axis. The first and second end disks each comprise a radial clamping nose which acts with the support portion to radially push the closing element against the opening seat in a closed valve position.

WO 2011/101019 A1 describes an impeller-type mechanical coolant pump with an outlet valve arrangement between the outlet volute and the pump outlet. When the valve is closed, the coolant delivery is more or less completely stopped because a high closing force is generated by the coolant pressure and allows high valve sealing forces. High opening forces are, however, needed to open the valve flap against the pressure of the coolant pushing the valve flap in the closed position.


An exemplary mixer includes a cylindrical wall having a center axis, a substantially tubular wall defining a volute oriented about the center axis, an inlet to the volute, an exit to the volute provided by one or more openings in the cylindrical wall wherein the volute imparts a tangential velocity component to gas exiting the volute and a mount to mount the mixer to an inlet to a compressor wherein the tangential velocity component imparted by the orientation of the volute is in the intended direction of rotation of a compressor wheel of the compressor. Such a mixer can improve compressor stability, especially where the gas is exhaust gas for exhaust gas recirculation. Other methods, device, systems are also disclosed.

While beneficial for reducing harmful emissions, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) can affect performance of a turbocharger. More specifically, exhaust gas entering an inlet stream to a compressor can shift the compressor's performance toward a less stable region of a compressor map.
As described herein, imparting positive swirl (or tangential momentum) to an inlet stream to a compressor (in the direction of compressor wheel rotation) can increase compressor stability. Various exemplary techniques include use of a mixer to impart positive swirl to exhaust gas provided to an inlet stream of a compressor for purposes of EGR and compressor stability. Other exemplary methods, devices, and systems are also disclosed.


The present disclosure provides a memory and a method for forming the memory. The memory includes: a substrate including a first storage area and a second storage area; a source region disposed in the substrate between the first storage area and the second storage area; a first drain region and a second drain region in the substrate on both sides of the first storage area and the second storage area; a first storage structure disposed on the first storage area, including a first storage unit, a second storage unit, and a first word line gate; and a second storage structure disposed on the second storage area, including a third storage unit, a fourth storage unit, and a second word line gate. The memory can obtain an improved performance.

In current semiconductor industry, integrated circuit products can be divided into three major types: analog circuit, digital circuit and digital/analog hybrid circuit, in which memory is an important type of digital circuit. In recent years, the flash memory is developed particularly rapidly. A main feature of the flash memory is that it can keep stored information for a long time without power, and it has the advantages of high integration, fast storage speed, easy to erase and rewrite, so it has been widely used in many fields such as microcomputer, and automatic control.
The flash memory can be divided into two types: stack gate flash memory and split gate flash memory. Stack flash memory has a floating gate and a control gate above the floating gate. Stack flash memory has a problem of over erasure. Different from the stack flash memory, split flash memory includes a word line as an erasing gate on one side of the floating gate, thus split gate flash memory can effectively avoid over erasure.
However, the existing split gate flash memory is still poor in performance.

Shanghai Huahong Grace Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation


The disclosure relates to a method of laying a seabed pipeline from a surface vessel. Pipe strings are assembled from their upper ends from the vessel for attachment in a pipeline extending from the vessel to the seabed. An upper end of a pipe string is attached to a trailing end of a pipeline, the pipeline is guided through a generally semi-circular curved path having an upwardly directed entry and a downwardly directed exit from where the pipeline extends to the seabed. The vessel is moved forwardly while guiding the pipeline around said curved path so that the pipe string passes around the path and is then released in a downwards direction towards the seabed until the trailing end of the pipe string is above sea level. The vessel is then stopped, an upper end of a further pipe string is aligned at the entry to the curved path, the upper end of the further pipe string is connected to the trailing end of the pipeline and then forward movement of the vessel and release of the pipeline from the vessel are resumed to lay the pipeline on the seabed.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to methods of installing elongate underwater structures. In particular, the invention relates to methods of making elongate underwater structures and also to methods of laying seabed pipelines from a surface vessel and to vessels for laying underwater pipelines.
2. Background Prior Art
In the production and laying of rigid conduits, e.g. steel pipe for the transportation of oil or gas, from a vessel on to the seabed there are three basic known methods as follows:
1. S-lay PA1 2. J-Lay PA1 3. Reel-lay
In this method the conduit leaves the lay vessel in a substantially horizontal orientation, bends downwards over a supporting structure, the so-called stinger, and when approaching the sea bottom bends upwards to be laid on the sea bottom. The sideview of the pipeline being laid has an extended S form, the actual shape dependent on pipe weight, water depth and the tension applied to the conduit. A typical example of S-lay is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,715,890.
The main advantage of the S-lay method is its relatively high production speed particularly in the case where the conduit is composed of steel pipes to be welded together and the vessel is long enough to deploy an economic number of welding stations. The main disadvantage is that for very deep water either the tension to be applied to the conduit has to be very high or a stinger of such a size is required that it cannot easily be supported on a typical lay vessel.
The conduit leaves the lay vessel in a downwardly inclined or even near vertical orientation in order to allow the laying of pipelines in deep water without stressing the pipeline material excessively. This method is explained in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,266,256 and 3,389,563 to which reference should be made. It should be noted that the method can also be applied in shallow water as illustrated in the article "The one-ship work fleet", published in Ocean Industry of March 1970, pages 52-54.
The main disadvantage of this method is that only a relatively slow production speed is possible because usually only one welding station can be worked on at a time which reduces the production speed significantly compared with the S-lay method where welding is done in a number of welding stations.
Reel-lay can be considered as a variation of J-lay because the conduit leaves the lay vessel in an inclined or even near vertical orientation. The method uses a storage reel on which conduit is stored to be unreeled at site. This method gives a very high lay speed and is obviously advantageous when flexible conduits or cables have to be laid. Examples of this method are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,389,563 (FIG. 4) and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,322 which discloses a self-propelled reel pipe laying ship. A disadvantage of this method relates to the limited capacity of the reels, necessitating regular reloading or change out of reels when a long pipeline is being laid.
Ideas to overcome some disadvantages related to the above mentioned lay methods and combining the advantages of the same are disclosed in International Patent Publication No. WO 95/25237. To limit the bending radius of the steel pipe and hence to limit the diameter of the reel or other curved guiding means, a certain plastic deformation of the pipeline is allowed. This is normal procedure when using the reel-lay method but does require expensive straightening means to straighten the pipeline after the pipeline has left the reel or any other curved part which includes plastic deformation in the pipeline. Other disadvantages of the proposed methods in WO 95/25237 are the necessity to bend and straighten the pipeline more than once (as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5) or that a certain offset angle is required to allow the vertical part of the pipeline to pass the horizontal part of the pipeline.

Methods of installing elongate underwater structures


A method and system for dynamic flow control using credit sharing that includes allocating portions of credits to senders, wherein each of the credits is for communicating with a receiver; transmitting, by a first sender of the senders, a first message to the receiver using a first credit of a first portion of the credits; decrementing, in response to transmitting the first message, a credit balance of the first sender by one; and determining that the credit balance of the first sender is zero. The method also includes sending to a second sender of the senders, by the first sender, in response to the credit balance being zero, a first request for a second credit; receiving from the second sender, in response to the first request, a first response comprising the second credit; and transmitting, by the first sender, a second message to the receiver using the second credit.

Entities (e.g., devices and/or components of devices) need to communicate with one another at times. Often some form of flow control is implemented on the communication in order to regulate the rate of data transmission. One form of flow control is credit-based flow control, in which senders must use a credit in order to transmit data to a receiver. Credit-based flow control schemes generally include a pool of credits associated with a receiver that are statically partitioned across a group of senders. Receivers in a credit-based flow control scheme include units of storage (e.g., buffer slots) that have a one-to-one correspondence with the total quantity of credits in the pool. Credit-based flow control ensures that when data is transmitted by a sender, there is always an available storage location at the receiver, such that no back-pressure occurs.

Dynamic flow control using credit sharing


An apparatus and method for detecting failed electronics using acoustics. The method comprising directing an acoustic wave toward a circuit component to be tested such that the acoustic wave is reflected off the circuit component, receiving the reflected acoustic wave, amplifying the reflected acoustic wave, and comparing the reflected acoustic wave with known acoustic waves to determine if the circuit component is operating properly. The apparatus comprising a data acquisition system for acquiring data, an X-Y-Z positioner to position two transducers and to hold the circuit component, and software to post-process and analyze the data. The data acquisition system further includes an oscilloscope, a pulser-receiver, two air-coupled transducers, and an amplifier.

Currently, in order to diagnose a circuit card failure in the United States Navy and Marine Corps, machines that physically and electrically probe locations on a circuit card and take measurements are used. However, prior to utilizing these machines, the "conformal coating" (a protective coating around the circuit card made of silicone or polyurethane) must be removed from the card, then reapplied after testing and/or repair. Currently, outside of the United States military, complex laboratory systems are used to identify specific failure modes through acoustic imaging and analysis. These systems utilize technologies such as Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM) and Laser Doppler Vibrometry to produce images of circuits and chips to identify failure mode and faults. These images are analyzed by software to find the source of a fault or failure. These techniques are costly and cannot be utilized in a military operating environment because of system size, complexity, fragility, and cost.

System and method for detecting failed electronics using acoustics

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


Disclosed are methods for forming fins. In an example embodiment, a method includes providing a substrate that includes at least two elongated structures separated by an isolation region. Each elongated structure comprises a semiconductor alloy of a first semiconductor material and a second semiconductor material, and a relaxed portion of the elongated structure includes the semiconductor alloy in a relaxed and substantially defect-free condition. The method further includes subjecting the substrate to a condensation-oxidation, such that each elongated structure forms a fin and an oxide layer. The fin includes a fin base portion formed of the semiconductor alloy and a fin top portion of the first semiconductor material in a strained condition. The fin top portion is formed by condensation of the first semiconductor material. The oxide layer includes an oxide of the second semiconductor material. The method further includes removing at least some of the oxide layer.

In the search for high mobility materials to replace silicon (Si) in digital logic structures, much interest has gone to the development of germanium (Ge) channels, in particular strained Ge, due to the high carrier mobility characteristics of the material.
In order to ensure optimum mobility, essentially defect-free Ge is required, which further leads to the need for a defect-free surface onto which the Ge is produced. A typical technique for depositing a SiGe layer in a narrow trench is referred to as Aspect Ratio Trapping (ART). This typical technique allows filling of narrow trenches (e.g., trenches obtained by STI (Shallow Trench Isolation)) on a Si substrate, with a SiGe layer that does not show defects in the top part of the trenches. All defects observed originate on the Si/SiGe interface and become trapped by the STI sidewalls.
In "Fabrication of Low-Defectivity, Compressively strained Ge on Si0.2Ge0.8 Structures using Aspect Ratio Trapping," Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 156(4)H249-H254 (2009), J.-S. Park et al. disclose using this technique, followed by the growth of strained Ge layers on the thus obtained SiGe structures. Optimization of the quality of the Ge-layer is done by performing a pre-baking step prior to Ge-growth.

Method for producing strained Ge fin structures