A steel set assembly includes a first pair of legs and a second pair of legs with the first pair of legs being spaced from and positioned opposite the second pair of legs. First and second beams are provided with the first beam being secured to one leg of the first pair of legs and one leg of the second pair of legs. The second beam is secured to the other leg of the first pair of legs and the other leg of the second pair of legs. A panel is secured to the first and second beams and includes a base having a top surface and a bottom surface, a block having a top surface and a bottom surface, and a pad. The block is secured to the base and the pad is positioned between the top surface of the base and the bottom surface of the block.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to underground mining and, more particularly, to lagging panels for roof control at underground openings.
2. Description of Related Art
Certain areas of underground openings are susceptible to a roof fall, i.e., falling rock, which presents a danger to mine personnel. Typically, when an underground opening has experienced a roof fall, the rock debris is removed from the area and the area of the roof fall is bolted and backfilled to reduce the risk of further rock fall. The process of bolting and backfilling the area of the roof that experienced roof fall, however, is a time consuming process that requires the mine to stop production. In addition, backfill material is costly and backfilling the large roof fall area can become prohibitively expensive. Accordingly, there is a need for a simple and reliable system to protect personnel and moving vehicles from falling rock.
Furthermore, there are currently no design guidelines and methodologies for lagging panels available that have been well-established to meet engineering needs in the underground mining industry. The design of lagging panels in the mining industry is generally based on trial-and-error and field experiences. Therefore, a practical and reliable lagging panel design methodology is needed which takes into account the impact loads the panel may be subjected to from the falling rock.

Impact resistant lagging, method for designing impact resistant lagging, and apparatus for testing impact resistant lagging


An electronic component mounting package includes a first base including an upper surface and a first through-hole vertically formed; a second base having a second through-hole arranged to be overlapped with the first through-hole in a plan view; a sealing material filling the second through-hole; and a signal terminal that is fixed to the second base to pass through the sealing material and has an upper end portion that protrudes upwardly from the upper surface of the first base. The first base includes a plurality of first metal members and a second metal member, and the second metal member is vertically interposed between the plurality of first metal members. A thermal expansion coefficient of the first metal members is larger than a thermal expansion coefficient of the second base. A thermal conductivity of the second metal member is higher than a thermal conductivity of the first metal members.

An electronic component mounting package used in an electronic apparatus in the related art includes a base having an electronic component mounting section on an upper surface thereof, and a signal terminal provided in the base. For example, the base has a through-hole, and a sealing material fills the through-hole. The signal terminal passes through the sealing material to be fixed to the base. An electronic component is mounted on the upper surface of the base, and is covered by a cover, for example.

Electronic component mounting package and electronic apparatus using the same


A relief valve assembly is disclosed to include a casing, an one-way valve mounted in the fluid input end of the casing for guiding in a fluid, and a relief control valve installed in the casing between the fluid input end and fluid output end and controllable to reduce the inside pressure of the casing, the relief control valve including a guide tube fastened to the casing in fluid communication between the fluid input end and fluid output end of the casing, a valve stem axially movably inserted through the guide tube, an O-ring in a groove around the valve stem between the head of the valve stem and a flange at one end of the stem body of the valve stem, and a spring member connected between the guide tube and one end of the valve stem to hold the valve stem in the close position to close the passage of the guide tube, and a control member fastened to one end of the valve stem outside the guide tube for pressing by hand to move the valve stem to the open position to open the passage of the guide tube.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a relief valve assembly and more particularly, to an improved structure of relief valve assembly, which has a good sealing function.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 1 shows a relief valve assembly according to the prior art. According to this design, the relief valve assembly comprises a casing 70, an one0way valve 80, and a relief control valve 90. The casing 70 has an input end and an output end. The one-way valve 80 has one end connected to the input end of the casing 70 and the other end connected to a fluid supply device (not shown) for guiding a fluid from the fluid supply device into the inside of the casing 70. The output end of the casing 10 is mounted with a pressure gage (not shown) that measures and indicates the fluid pressure inside the casing 70. Further, the casing 70 has a radial through hole 71 formed in the periphery in fluid communication between the input end and output end of the casing 70. The relief control valve 90 is installed in the radial through hole 71 of the casing 70, and can be controlled to discharge the fluid out of the casing 10.
The aforesaid relief control valve 90 comprises a guide tube 91, which defines a passage 92, a valve stem 93, which has a stem body 95 axially movably inserted into the passage 92, a head 94 fixedly connected to one end of the stem body 95 outside the guide tube 91 and adapted to seal the passage 92 of the guide tube 91, and a groove 96 extending around the periphery between the head 94 and the stem body 95, an O-ring 97 fastened to the groove 96, a spring member 98 sleeved onto the stem body 95 of the valve stem 93 and connected between one end of the stem body 95 of the valve stem 93 remote from the head 94 and a part inside the guide tube 91 to hold the valve stem 93 in the close position to block the passage 92 of the guide tube 91, and a control member 99 threaded onto one end of the stem body 95 of the valve stem 93 for pressing by hand to move the valve stem 93 from the close position to the open position to open the passage 92 of the guide tube 91.
The aforesaid relief valve assembly is still not satisfactory in function. Because the O-ring 97 is directly mounted in the groove 96 around the periphery of the valve stem 93 and kept in contact with the inside wall of the guide tube 91, the O-ring 97 may be retained to the inside wall of the guide tube 91 during an axial movement of the valve stem 93 between the close position and the open position, thereby causing the valve stem 93 unable to function normally (see FIG. 2). When a high-pressure fluid is continuously supplied into the casing 70, the O-ring 97 may be forced to deform Excessive deformation of the O-ring causes the formation of a gap in between the guide tube 91 and the valve stem 93, and the fluid will leak out of the relief control valve 90.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a relief control valve, which eliminates the aforesaid problems.


A clock receiver is provided. A receiving unit receives a pair of complementary clocks and generates a first clock, and a calibration unit detects whether a cross point of the complementary clocks has shifted, generates a detected result and accordingly adjusts toggling of the first clock.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to semiconductor circuits, and in particular to a clock receiver automatically capable of calibrating phase offset caused by inconsistency in duty cycles between the complementary clocks.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, dynamic random access memories (DRAMs) use a clock receiving unit to receive a pair of complementary clocks (such as VCLK and /VCLK) and accordingly generates a main clock (such as MCLK) for internal circuits. However, the duty cycles of the complementary clocks are inconsistent because of element mismatch, temperature or other factors.
As shown in FIG. 1A, the duty cycle of the clock VCLK is larger than that of the clock /VCLK, such that cross points CP3 and CP4 of the two clocks VCLK and /VCLK are generated at times t1 and t3, respectively rather than at predetermined times t2 and t4, respectively. Namely, the cross time of the two clocks is advanced because of inconsistency of the duty cycles thereof. On the contrary, the cross time of the two clocks is delayed as shown in FIG. 1B, when the duty cycle of the clock VCLK is smaller than that of the clock /VCLK. Namely, the clock receiving unit in the DRAMs receive a distorted clock MCLK0 rather than the predetermined main clock MCLK0. Thus, the clocks MCLK0 and MCLK1 have a phase offset affecting margin of the clocks in the internal circuits in the DRAMs.


A fixing device 6 according to the present invention has an endless-shaped heating belt 8, a first and a second roller 9 and 10 for stretching the heating belt 8, and a pressure roller 11 for nipping paper 2, together with the heating belt 8. The first roller 9 is supported so as to be rotatable by bearings 13 arranged at both ends of the first roller 9. The second roller 10 is supported so as to be rotatable by bearings 14 arranged at both ends of the second roller 10. The bearing 13 for supporting the first roller 9 is arranged more inward in an axial direction Z1 of the rollers than the bearing 14 for supporting the second roller 10.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fixing device provided in an image forming apparatus such as a printer, a copying machine, or a facsimile.
2. Description of Related Art
Examples of a fixing device provided in an image forming apparatus include one comprising an endless-shaped heating belt and a pressure roller pressed against the heating belt. Paper on which a toner image has been transferred is nipped by the heating belt and the pressure roller, to be heated and pressurized. Thus, the toner image is fixed on the paper.
The heating belt is stretched between a pair of rollers spaced a predetermined distance apart from and arranged parallel to each other in the direction of movement of the heating belt, as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-150112, for example. Each of the pair of rollers is supported so as to be rotatable by bearings arranged at both ends of the roller.
In the above-mentioned fixing device, it is desired that the heating belt is raised to a predetermined temperature in a short time period and power consumption is low. Therefore, the heat capacity of the fixing device is reduced by thinning the heating belt or shortening the perimeter of the heating belt, for example.
In the above-mentioned configuration, however, the bearings respectively arranged at the ends on each side of the rollers are arranged at the same position in the axial direction of the rollers. Generally, the diameter of the bearings for supporting the roller is larger than the diameter of the roller, so that a predetermined distance at which the bearings do not interfere with each other must be ensured between the pair of rollers. Consequently, there is a limit to shorten the perimeter of the heating belt stretched between the pair of rollers by reducing the distance between the pair of rollers. Therefore, the heat capacity of the fixing device cannot be reduced.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A method and system for measuring an optical property of a multi-focal lens are disclosed. One embodiment of the method comprises: filtering out light transmitted by all but one of a plurality of diffraction orders of the lens to provide an unfiltered light from a single diffraction order; receiving the unfiltered light at a wavefront detector; and analyzing the unfiltered light at the wavefront detector to measure the optical property. The multi-focal lens can be a multi-focal diffractive intra-ocular lens. The measured optical property can be a discontinuity in the lens surface. Filtering can comprise blocking all but the unfiltered light using an aperture operable to let through the unfiltered light from the single diffraction order, and/or blocking all but the unfiltered light using an opaque obstruction operable to let through only a selected amount of light corresponding to the light transmitted by the single diffraction order. The method can further comprise generating an image quality parameter, such as a modulation transfer function, based on the measured optical property.

Intraocular lenses are routinely implanted in a patient's eye during cataract surgery to compensate for the lost optical power that results when the natural lens is removed. In other applications, an intraocular lens can be implanted in a patient's eye, which retains its natural lens, so as to provide an optical power for correcting a refractive error of the natural eye. Many different types of intraocular lenses exist for treating a variety of conditions to provide a patient with corrected vision.
Periodic diffractive structures can diffract light simultaneously into several directions, also typically known as diffraction orders. In multifocal intraocular lenses, for example, two diffraction orders can be utilized to provide a patient with two optical powers, one for distance vision and the other for near vision. Such diffractive intraocular lenses ("IOLs") are typically designed to have an "add" power that provides a separation between the far focus and the near focus. In this manner, a diffractive intraocular lens can provide a patient in whose eye the lens is implanted with vision over a range of object distances. For example, a diffractive IOL can replace a patient's natural lens to provide the patient not only with a requisite optical power but also with some level of pseudo-accommodation. In another application, a diffractive IOL or other ophthalmic lens can provide the eye of a patient who suffers from presbyopia—a loss of accommodation of the natural lens—with pseudo-accommodative ability.
One example of a multifocal diffractive IOL is the ReSTOR apodized diffractive lens, manufactured by Alcon Laboratories, Inc., of Fort Worth, Tex. The ReSTOR lens is used to create two primary lens powers to provide a patient with good vision at different distances. It would be useful to (a) to measure the optical quality of such a diffractive lens in the laboratory or a manufacturing facility, and (b) to measure the optical quality of an eye that contains a diffractive lens (where the overall optical performance is affected by properties of the eye).
Wavefront measurement systems are used in opthalmology and other fields to measure an optical wavefront, but this is normally done for a lens with a single focus. These systems are not specifically designed to evaluate a lens with more than one power, and, in particular, they are not designed to evaluate diffractive lenses with more than one power.
There is therefore a need for a method and system for measuring the optical properties of a diffractive lens, such as by a wavefront analysis, both in a laboratory or manufacturing facility, and when implanted in an eye.


A terminal cover is capable of improving the workability. The terminal device includes a first cover portion to be positioned above the first screw terminals, wherein the first cover portion including the first operation openings which respectively expose screws of the first screw terminals, a second cover portion to be positioned above the second screw terminals, the second cover portion including the second operation openings which respectively expose screws of the second screw terminals. And the terminal device further includes a connecting portion connecting the first cover portion with the second cover portion and including wire insertion holes through which electric wires connected to the first screw terminals respectively pass and wire insertion paths which communicate with the wire insertion holes and through which the electric wires respectively pass, each insertion path being provided on an upper surface of the second cover portion between two adjacent second operation openings.

In the related art, there is provided a terminal cover which is attached to a terminal device having screw terminals arranged in upper and lower steps of a stepped portion (see, e.g., Japanese Patent Application Publication No. S62-195863).
A terminal device will be described in detail by taking a relay 1 shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 as an example. The relay 1 includes a housing 2 which is fixed such that one surface (hereinafter referred to as "lower surface") of the housing 2 faces toward a fixing target (not shown) such as a distribution board or the like. The housing 2 is made of, e.g., a synthetic resin. The housing 2 has a rectangular shape when viewed at the upper side thereof (at the opposite side to the fixing target). In the vicinity of one end (hereinafter referred to as "front end") of the housing 2 in a long side direction of the upper surface (hereinafter referred to as a "front-rear direction"), there is provided a stepped portion including an upper step 21 and a lower step 22 which extend along the front end and are provided side by side in the front-rear direction. In the stepped portion, the low step 22 (close to the front end) is more depressed than the upper step 21 (distant from the front end) (In other words, the lower step 22 is smaller in upward protrusion dimension than the upper step 21).
At the upper step 21 and lower step 22, a plurality of (four, in the drawings) screw terminals 31 and a plurality of (four, in the drawings) screw terminals 32 are respectively arranged side by side in a short side direction (hereinafter referred to as "left-right direction") of the housing 2 along each steps of the stepped portion 21 and 22. In each of the screw terminals 31 and 32, the axial direction of a screw is oriented in an up-down direction and the head portion of the screw is directed upward.
Two screw terminals (hereinafter referred to as "signal terminals") 33, to which signal lines are connected, are arranged in the rear end portion of the relay 1. In the housing 2 of the relay 1, there is accommodated a switching unit (not shown) which turns on and off the electric conduction between the upper screw terminals 31 of the upper step 21 and the lower screw terminals 32 of the lower step 22 in response to an electric signal inputted to the signal terminals 33. The switching unit may be a mechanical contact point driven by an electromagnet, a semiconductor switch, or the combination of the mechanical contact point and the semiconductor switch which are connected to each other in parallel.
On the upper surface of the housing 2, there are provided partitions 231, 232 and 233 which divide the screw terminals 31, 32 and 33 arranged side by side in the short side direction and a pair of sidewalls 24 which interposes all the screw terminals 31 and 32 arranged at the front end side (i.e., except for the signal terminals 33).
In the aforementioned relay 1, as shown in FIG. 10, it is sometimes the case that electric wires 41 connected to the upper screw terminals (hereinafter referred to as "first screw terminals") 31 of the upper step 21 of the stepped portion are positioned above the lower screw terminals (hereinafter referred to as "second screw terminals") 32 of the lower step 22 of the stepped portion. In this case, when electric wires 42 are attached or detached by operating the second screw terminals 32, the electric wires 41 connected to the first screw terminals 31 become obstacles, thereby impairing the workability.
The conventional terminal cover is not designed to solve the aforementioned problem and is not capable of improving the workability.

PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CO., LTD.


The invention provides a photopolymerizable composition having a high photosensitivity, which comprises a metal complex of a squarylium compound, a radical generator, and a compound having at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond.

Conventionally, a photopolymerizable composition using a squarylium compound as a sensitizing dye has been known.
Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No.48665/1990 discloses a photopolymerizable composition in which a squarylium compound is used as a sensitizing dye and s-triazine is used as a radical generator.
Also, Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No.142346/1988 discloses a photopolymerizable composition in which a squarylium compound is used as a sensitizing dye and an adinium salt is used as a radical generator.
Further, Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No.17525/1993 discloses a photopolymerizable composition in which a squarylium compound is used as a sensitizing dye and a metal-arene complex is used as a radical generator.

Abstract: The photopolymerizable composition of the present invention is advantageously used for a visible laser recording material such as a PS (Presensitized Plate) for laser direct plate-making, a dry film resist, a digital proof, a hologram, or the like, a panchromatic sensitive material (e.g., a sensitive material for a color hologram and a sensitive material used for full-color display and containing a photopolymerizable composition in a microcapsule), paints, adhesives, and so on.


An under bed hitch mounting apparatus is shown and described. The under bed hitch mounting apparatus may comprise a first bracket attachable to a frame of a vehicle below a load bed of the vehicle and a second bracket attachable to the frame of the vehicle below a load bed of the vehicle, the second bracket transversely spaced from the first bracket. The under bed hitch mounting apparatus may also include a first receiving member attached with the first bracket, the first receiving member configured to engage an accessory member, where at least a portion of the first receiving member extends above the load bed of the vehicle, and a second receiving member attached with the second bracket, the first receiving member configured to engage the accessory member, where at least a portion of the second receiving member extends above the load bed of the vehicle.

Many vehicles are designed to transport freight, goods, merchandise, personal property, and other such cargo. Often, a hitch assembly is utilized to connect a towed vehicle or trailer to a towing vehicle, such as a truck for example, to increase the capacity to transport goods. Many types of coupling devices have been developed for providing this connection between a towing vehicle and a towed vehicle.
It is well known to utilize a trailer hitch to connect a trailer to a towing vehicle. There are many different types of trailer hitches that may be attached to the towing vehicle in a variety of ways, depending on the type of hitch to be used. Some of the most common types of hitches include gooseneck, fifth wheel, front mount, and the like. Often, the type of hitch used to connect a trailer and a vehicle is determined by the size, shape and other features of the trailer. For example, large trailers such as semi trailers and campers often require a fifth wheel hitch, whereas, small and midsized trailers, such as boat trailers, are better suited for gooseneck trailer hitches.
Due to the size and weight of many trailers, it is preferable to evenly balance and distribute the weight of the trailer over the wheels of the towing vehicle. This is best accomplished by connecting the hitch to the frame or base of the towing vehicle, near the vehicle's center of gravity.
Accordingly, hitches mounted to the load bed of trucks and other vehicles connect to the vehicle's frame. Generally speaking, past systems relied on single piece or parallel mounting permanently fixed to the underside of the vehicle. To ensure strength and stability, these frames spanned transversely across the underside of the vehicle to connect to the longitudinal rails of the frame. In particular, many mounting systems used parallel transverse rails, an H-shape member, or an integral single member. In all cases, these mounting systems attach to towing or other apparatus via one or more apertures formed in the load bed of the vehicle. Examples of such under-bed mounting connections can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,793,968; 7,828,317; 8,414,009; 9,067,468; and 9,150,067 (all of which are incorporated by reference herein).
One disadvantage of disposing substantial portions of the mounting apparatus under the truck bed is that these systems are comparatively difficult to access and inspect (excepting, of course, for the connection point provided through the truck bed).
Another potential issue can be the fixed yet variable distance between the frame rails of different makes of vehicles. That is, the distance between the longitudinal rails of the frame may vary depending on the type of vehicle. Further, some vehicles may utilize curving or C-shaped rails, which may not be amenable to incorporating single piece, integral mounts and/or conventional H-shaped mounts wherein the transverse legs have fixed distances and/or attachment points.
In view of these shortcomings, a system and method that allow for a multi-point mounting system with increased under carriage clearance would be welcome. Further, a mounting system that is adaptable to vehicles with box frames or C-frames is needed.

Multi-point underbed hitch mounting system


A one-way clutch of roller type comprising an outer race having pockets provided at an inner surface thereof with cam surfaces, an inner race spaced inwardly from the outer race, a plurality of rollers disposed in the pockets and adapted to transmit torque between the outer race and the inner race, a cage having a cylindrical portion, a flange portion and windows to hold the plurality of rollers and each having a circumferential width smaller than a diameter of the roller, and springs each having one end locked to the outer race to bias the roller toward, and wherein the cage is rotatable relative to the outer race and includes staking portions formed on an end face of the cylindrical portion opposite to the flange portion and adapted to prevent the cage from being dislodged in an axial direction.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a one-way clutch of roller type used as a torque transmitting element or a back stopper in a driving apparatus of a motor vehicle, an industrial machine and the like, for example.
2. Related Background Art
In general, a one-way clutch of roller type is comprised of an outer race, an inner race disposed in concentric with the outer race, a plurality of rollers disposed between an outer peripheral surface of the inner race and an inner peripheral cam surface of the outer race and adapted to transmit torque, and springs contacted with idle rotation sides of the rollers.
With this arrangement, in the one-way clutch, the inner race is designed so as to be rotated only in one direction with respect to the outer race by means of a cam mechanism constituted by the rollers and the cam surfaces. That is to say, the inner race is designed so that it is idly rotated relative to the outer race in one direction, and on the other hand, it applies rotational torque to the outer race through the cam mechanism only in an opposite direction.
Further, to obtain positive engagement, the one-way clutch of roller type must be constructed so that the rollers as torque transmitting members and the springs for biasing the rollers are not dislodged from respective pockets axially and radially.
In particular, in a one-way clutch of roller type of a motor bike, since the number of rollers is small (for example, three or six), if the respective rollers are not engaged positively, a design torque capacity may not be maintained.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 8-61192 (1996) discloses a one-way clutch of roller type in which a plurality of projections are provided in an opening portion of an outer race so that rollers and springs are prevented from being dislodged when the one-way clutch of roller type is assembled to an engine of an automatic motor bike.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2004-346951 discloses a one-way clutch in which accommodating portions for accommodating rollers and compression springs are not required to be formed separately by providing a base plate having recesses for accommodating the rollers and the compression springs together, thereby suppressing a manufacturing cost.
As disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 8-61192 (1996) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2004-34695, in the one-way clutches used as starters of the motor bikes, there is no adequate countermeasure in which, during a process for assembling the roller clutch with the outer race incorporating the outer race, rollers and springs, the rollers or sprags are prevented from being dislodged and the rollers and the springs are prevented from being dropped during the clutch is assembled to the motor bike. Further, additional side plates and additional drilling operations must be provided, thereby increasing the manufacturing cost.


A phase synchronizer may operate, for example, to establish synchronization with a phase of a received codeword. The phase synchronizer may include, for example, an input shift register, a first syndrome computing module, a first error detection module, a second syndrome computing module, a second error detection module and a comparator arrangement. The first syndrome computing module may compute syndromes relating to a first potential phase of the codeword. The first error detection module may determine, based upon the first syndromes, a first number of errors associated with the first potential phase of the codeword. The second syndrome computing module may compute syndromes relating to a second potential phase of the codeword. The second error detection module may determine, based upon the second syndromes, a second number of errors associated with the second potential phase of the codeword.

Computer networks allow multiple computers, peripherals and other information storage, retrieval or processing devices to share data. Each device attached to a network is typically referred to as a node on the network, or a node that is part of the network. Local Area Networks ("LANs") have historically consisted of nodes interconnected by physical telecommunications media (eg, coaxial cable, twisted pair wire, or fiber optics). Recently wireless LANs, the nodes of which are not connected by means of a physical medium, have started to appear in the market. These wireless LANs communicate by means of infra-red (IR), radio or other short-range signals. One of the benefits of using wireless LANs is that cabling is not required. This is a particularly useful feature for mobile nodes such as laptop and notebook computers, PDAs (personal digital assistants), and the like. If appropriately equipped with an appropriate wireless adapter, the mobile nodes can move around within a predefined coverage area and remain connected to the network.
Certain short-range wireless networks predicated on the proposed "Bluetooth" wireless communications protocol are currently being developed. This protocol contemplates the grouping of physically proximate wireless nodes into "piconets". In Bluetooth networks, each encoded message packet sent from a transmitting device incorporates an access code specifying an address of a receiving device. The access code is also used to effect timing synchronization in the receiving device. The Bluetooth access code consists of a 4-bit preamble, a 64-bit sync word, and a 4-bit trailer. Since the preamble and trailer are relatively short, a receiving device may not be able to consistently use them to acquire proper timing information. For example, noise in the communication channel could lead to a bit shift, which would preclude decoding of the message information included within the received packet.
A conventional approach to acquiring timing information from similarly encoded packets is to effect a sliding correlation using the sync word. In this approach the sync word within each received packet is correlated with the access code of a target packet pre-loaded within a correlator of the receiving device. The sync word contemplated by the Bluetooth protocol is generated by prepending parity bits to the address of the receiving device so as to form a BCH (Bose, Chaushuri, Hocquenghem) code block not easily mistaken for another. The preamble, sync word and trailer of the Bluetooth access code collectively yield favorable autocorrelation properties, thereby making the access code useful for timing synchronization.
A Unfortunately, in certain applications it is desirable to receive subsequent packets containing any of a number of potential access codes. Use of the conventional synchronization approach described above would require multiple correlators (i.e., one per potential access code). Since in many applications a large number of access codes may be possible, this approach will often be infeasible. Accordingly, a need exists for a method of acquiring device address and timing synchronization information from encoded data packets which does not require a priori knowledge of potential access codes.

System and method for establishing word synchronization


An imaging lens is substantially constituted by five lenses, including: a first lens having a positive refractive power and a convex surface toward the object side; a second lens having a negative refractive power and a concave surface toward the image side; a third lens having a negative refractive power and a concave surface toward the object side; a fourth lens having a positive refractive power and is of a meniscus shape with a concave surface toward the object side; and a fifth lens having a negative refractive power and is of a meniscus shape having a convex surface toward the image side, provided in this order from the object side. The imaging lens satisfies a predetermined conditional formula.

Accompanying the recent spread of personal computers in households, digital still cameras capable of inputting image data such as photographed scenes and portraits into personal computers are rapidly becoming available. In addition, many cellular telephones, smart phones, and tablet type terminals are being equipped with camera modules for inputting images. Imaging elements such as CCD's and CMOS's are employed in these devices having photography functions. Recently, miniaturization of these imaging elements is advancing, and there is demand for miniaturization of the entirety of the photography devices as well as imaging lenses to be mounted thereon. At the same time, the number of pixels in imaging elements is increasing, and there is demand for high resolution and high performance of imaging lenses. Performance corresponding to 5 megapixels or greater, and more preferably 8 megapixels or greater, is desired.
In response to such demands, imaging lenses having a five lens configuration, which is a comparatively large number of lenses, have been proposed. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 8,379,324 proposes an imaging lens with a five lens configuration, constituted by: a first lens having a positive refractive power, a second lens having a negative refractive power, a third lens having a negative refractive power, a fourth lens having a positive refractive power, and a fifth lens having a negative refractive power.

Imaging lens and imaging apparatus equipped with the imaging lens


Disclosed are systems and methods for dynamically interacting with a user through a spoken dialogue system. A method includes the steps of (1) receiving a user utterance, (2) analyzing the user utterance for a threshold determination of dialect, (3) generating a response that reflects an incremental implementation of the dialect, (4) further varying the perceived implementation of the dialect in subsequent responses by a process of: (a) receiving a subsequent user utterance, (b) determining a modified level of confidence in the dialect based at least in part from the subsequent utterance, (c) generating a subsequent response that implements an incremental variation according to the modified level of confidence.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to speech recognition and more specifically to performing speech recognition based on the dialect of the speaker.
2. Introduction
Currently, sensitivity to variable accents, dialects, and further speaker characteristics is a challenge to interactive speech recognition systems. Such variables are commonly not taken into account by the current interactive speech recognition systems. Speech recognition systems can be aided by the ability to recognize and mimic the speech of its users. Currently the state of the art methods of dialect recognition do not dynamically take into account the variation in dialect depending on the background of the speaker. This can lead to embarrassing situations where an interactive speech recognition system will improperly recognize a dialect, subsequently use the improper dialect, and cause a misunderstanding with the speaker due to a continuing usage of improper dialect. Avoiding this situation and conversely creating an environment where the speaker is more comfortable is what is currently needed.

System and method for improving interaction with a user through a dynamically alterable spoken dialog system


A monolithic integrated electro-optical phase modulator, a Mach-Zehnder modulator including one or more of the phase modulators, and method for fabricating the phase modulator by III-V-on-silicon semiconductor processing are provided. The phase modulator includes a silicon-based n-type substrate base layer, and a III-V n-type ridge waveguide for propagating light, wherein the ridge waveguide protrudes from and extends along the n-type substrate base layer. Further, the phase modulator includes one or more insulating layers provided on the ridge waveguide, wherein the one or more insulating layers have together a thickness of 1-100 nm, and a silicon-based p-type top cover layer provided on the one or more insulating layers at least above the ridge waveguide.

Electro-optical modulators are essential building blocks in silicon (Si) photonics, and are used to modulate light, e.g., to phase modulate the light. A conventional silicon-based optical phase modulator employs the free-carrier plasma dispersion effect, in order to achieve a phase modulation by means of a carrier density modulation in the light propagation material.
However, the efficiency of such a conventional silicon-based phase modulator may be inherently limited by the effective mass of carriers in the silicon-based material, since the amount of their modulation is inversely proportional to the effective mass. Therefore, some efforts have been devoted to use III-V semiconductor materials rather than silicon-based materials, and to utilize their lower effective mass.
As an example, a III-V/silicon hybrid phase modulator may be fabricated by using a wafer bonding process, which may be, however, a questionable process for higher-volume manufacturing.
As another example, a monolithic integrated III-V/silicon hybrid phase modulator may be fabricated by a process of epitaxial growth of the III-V semiconductor material on the silicon, which process may be more favorable for mass production. However, in this example the phase modulator often suffers from performance degradations, due to a too low crystal quality of the epitaxially grown III-V semiconductor material.

Monolithic III-V-on-silicon opto-electronic phase modulator with a ridge waveguide


A solenoid valve. In a solenoid section forming part of the solenoid valve, a sleeve is provided on the inner circumferential side of a bobbin around which a coil is wound. This sleeve is formed from magnetic material and includes a cylindrical section and a flange section formed at a lower end of the cylindrical section. At an upper end of the cylindrical section, a tapered section is formed in which an outer circumferential face is recessed in the radially inward direction. The tapered section is arranged facing and in close contact with the outer circumferential face of a fixed core such that the magnetic flux density in the tapered section increases when the solenoid section is excited.

Heretofore, as disclosed for example in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 09-210240, a solenoid valve has been used, which is connected to a fluid passage through which a pressure fluid flows, for controlling a flow rate of the pressure fluid. Such a solenoid valve is equipped with a solenoid having a wound coil, and by supply of electricity to the coil, the solenoid is excited, and a valve body is attracted and displaced, whereby a flow-through state of the fluid is controlled. In the aforementioned solenoid valve, there is a demand to enhance the excitation force in the solenoid, accompanied by a further increase in the attracting force applied to the movable iron core.


A tail-cone reinforcement angle of a Cessna 180-185 series aircraft is repaired by the removal of an aft most section of that tail-cone reinforcement angle and its replacement with an elongated splice body. The elongated splice body is attached to the remainder of the tail-cone reinforcement angle and to the tail-cone portion of the fuselage of the aircraft. The aft section of the original tail-cone reinforcement angle is subject to the development and propagation of cracks in the area of the rear pivot shaft receiving bore, which cracks render the aircraft unfit for use. The invention includes the provision of a suitable elongated splice body, a method for its installation, and a tool kit which is usable in accomplishing the removal and replacement of the aft section of the tail-cone reinforcement angle.

Cessna 180, 182 and 185 series aircraft have been, and continue to be very popular single engine aircraft that have found numerous usages in private and commercial aviation. While these aircraft are no longer currently manufactured, there are still well over seven thousand of these light, durable and dependable aircraft that are registered with the Federal Aviation Administration and that are currently in use. Some of these aircraft are in commercial use while others are the prize possessions of their respective owners, who lavish great care and large sums of money on their preservation, upkeep and usage.
A chronic problem exists in virtually all of these aircraft in their tail-cone reinforcement angle components. This problem exists in the aft area of the tail-cone reinforcement angle of such aircraft and specifically in the aft portions of such tail-cone reinforcement angles, located on either side of the tail-cone, in the interior of the aircraft fuselage and in the area of the location of the rear stabilizer pivot shaft.
As is well known to the owners and operators of these series of aircraft, a so-called "hockey stick" reinforcement angle extends longitudinally along each interior side of the fuselage of the aircraft and serves to reinforce that aft section of the fuselage and specifically serves to prevent that aft section of the fuselage from deflecting inwardly or "oil canning" when lateral forces are applied to the outer rear section of the fuselage. These "hockey sticks" are secured in place along the aft section of each side of the aircraft fuselage by no less than 40 rivets. The aft section or "blade" of each such "hockey stick" constitutes the problematic aft section of each such tail-cone reinforcement angle. This aft section of the reinforcement angle, on each side of the tail cone of the aircraft, includes a through bore or aperture which will receive a pivot shaft of the horizontal stabilizer that is a component of the aircraft's tail assembly.
It had been determined that over time, these tail-cone reinforcement angles fail, under stress, by cracking in the area of the bore. The resultant cracks will propagate along the tail-cone reinforcement angle, in the area of the aft portion thereof, and specifically in the area of the bore or aperture that receives the stabilizer horizontal pivot shaft. If left unrepaired, these cracks will severely impact the attachment of the rear horizontal stabilizer and elevator assemblies to the tail cone of the aircraft. If one of these components fails to operate properly, the resultant loss of control of the aircraft could be catastrophic. The tail-cone reinforcement angle in the affected Cessna aircraft tends to crack at the rear stabilizer pivot shaft attachment point. Virtually all such cracks are formed at the same location in each such tail-cone reinforcement angle. The conventional solution to this problem, once it has been detected in an affected aircraft, has been the removal and replacement of the affected tail-cone reinforcement angle in the one or both affected sides of the fuselage of an affected aircraft. Such removal and replacement requires the drilling out and removal of approximately forty rivets on either side of the aircraft's fuselage. Once these rivets have been removed, the entire tail cone reinforcement angle is then removed from the aircraft and is replaced with an identical replacement assembly. That replacement requires the reinstallation of the approximately forty rivets that have previously been removed.
Such a replacement process does not resolve the underlying problem, the inherent failure of the tail-cone reinforcement angles in the areas of the rear stabilizer pivot shaft. Replacement of a failed part with a replacement part that is also subject to the same issues of failure, is an unsatisfactory solution to the problem of such tail-cone reinforcement angles failures. The prior art solutions to the problem have not provided a satisfactory, reliable, long term solution to the problem.

Cessna tail-cone reinforcement angle splice, installation kit, and method for installation thereof


A method of recovering titanium dioxide from a raw material additionally containing aluminium includes the steps of grinding the titanium dioxide raw material, reacting the particulate raw feed material with sulphuric acid under specified conditions, digesting and filtering the resultant cake material containing titanyl sulphate, if present, treating the solution to remove calcium and/or iron, precipitating out the aluminium as aluminium ammonium sulphate, hydrolysing the remaining titanyl sulphate solution and, after washing the hydrolysate, calcining the hydrolysate to produce titanium dioxide.

THIS invention relates to the recovery of titanium from titanium bearing materials, and in particular to a method of recovering titanium dioxide or titanium metal from a titanium dioxide bearing material.
Highveld Steel and Vanadium Corporation is a large manufacturer of steel using its own unique steel manufacturing process. The slag produced in this steel manufacturing process is rich in titanium dioxide, typically in amounts of 22 to 32% of the slag material.
Pure titanium dioxide is white in colour and is, therefore, a valuable pigment used in many applications such as the production of paints, paper, cement, polymers and the like. The slag produced in the Highveld Steel manufacturing process is an ideal source of titanium dioxide for this purpose.

Recovery of titanium from titanium bearing materials

Highveld Steel and Vanadium Corporation Limited


A splitter circuit (19) serves to combine on the transmission side signals which are to be transmitted in different frequency bands (A-C), as well as to separate on the reception side these signals which are transmitted in different frequency bands. For this purpose, the splitter circuit (19) has a circuit section (13) designed as purely passive, for the rough signal and impedance separation, as well as the filters (3, 4; 9, 10) allocated to the individual transmission and reception sections, for the exact filtering out of the individual signal in each case. These separate filters (3, 4; 9, 10) are arranged in the transmission direction upstream of a corresponding four-wire/two-wire conversion, and in the reception direction downstream of a corresponding two-wire/four-wire conversion, so that the signal stream takes place via these filters in one direction only, and the filters can be designed as purely active filters or digital filters. In particular, the filters (3, 4; 9, 10) can be dimensioned as of high Ohmic resistance in the reception path, in order to reduce the power consumption.

Splitters are used, for example, in connection with telephone lines over which, in addition to the conventional speech channel or ISDN signal ("Integrated Services Digital Network"), a high-rate digital signal is transmitted, such as an ADSL or VDSL signal ("Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line" or "Very High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line"). The splitter thereby has the object of combining on the transmission side the two signals which are to be transmitted in different frequency bands for common transmission over the telephone line, and separating them again on the reception side, whereby in particular transmission takes place simultaneously over the telephone line in both directions.
FIG. 3 represents, by way of example, the use of a splitter in an ISDN/ADSL transmission system. In this context, FIG. 3 represents two subscribers who are in communication via bidirectional telephone lines 18 with an exchange 20. It is assumed from this that the upper subscriber has only an ISDN connection, and accordingly an ISDN transmitter 1 and an ISDN receiver 11 are allocated to him. The upper subscriber can therefore connect a suitable ISDN peripheral device directly to the telephone line 18, which has been connected to the corresponding ISDN connection of the exchange 20. An ISDN transmitter 1 and an ISDN receiver 11 are also allocated to the ISDN connection of the exchange 20. The lower subscriber, by contrast, has both an ISDN connection with an ISDN transmitter 1 and an ISDN receiver 11, and an ISDN connection 18 to an ADSL transmitter 2 and an ADSL receiver 12. In order for the ISDN signal and the ADSL signal to be combined for a joint transmission over the telephone line 18 on the transmission side, and in order for them to be separated again on the reception side, the use of a splitter 19 is necessary both at the subscriber and at the exchange 20.
FIG. 4 shows a diagrammatic representation of frequency bands, such as are found in an ISDN/ADSL transmission system of the type shown in FIG. 3. The frequency band of the ISDN signal is designated by A. For the ADSL transmission system, non-overlapping frequency bands are assumed, i.e. it is assumed that frequency band B in the upstream transmission direction (from the subscriber to the exchange) and the frequency band C in the downstream transmission direction (from the exchange to the subscriber) do not overlap. The frequency spectra of the ISDN signals, by contrast, are located in the same frequency band A for upstream and downstream transmission directions.
FIG. 5 represents, by way of example, a splitter 19 in accordance with the prior art, in a transmission system with a two-wire line 18, in which transmission takes place in both directions, i.e. bidirectional. The separation of the outgoing and return channel is effected with the aid of hybrid circuits 5, 6, which are also designated as a two-wire/four-wire or four-wire/two-wire conversion respectively. The hybrid circuits 5, 6 are coupled to the splitter 19 by means of transmitters 16, 17, whereby the hybrid circuit 5 is allocated to an ISDN circuit with an ISDN transmitter 1 and an ISDN receiver 11, while the hybrid circuit 6 is allocated to an ADSL connection with an ADSL transmitter 2 and an ADSL receiver 12.
The ISDN and ADSL signals received via the bidirectional transmission line 18 from the splitter 19 in different frequency bands are separated from one another, whereby the ISDN signal is conducted via the hybrid circuit 5 to the ISDN receiver 11. The ADSL signal is conducted via the hybrid circuit 6 to the ADSL receiver 12. Conversely, the splitter 19 also serves to combine the signals from the ISDN transmitter 1 via the hybrid circuit 5 and from the ADSL transmitter 2 respectively via the hybrid circuit 6 and to transmit them in the different frequency bands via the transmission line 18 to a corresponding receiver arrangement which can be designed, for example, as analogous to the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 5.
To combine and separate the ISDN and ADSL signals respectively, the splitter 19 usually comprises suitable high-pass and low-pass structures. With the example shown in FIG. 5, the splitter represents in particular a purely passive circuit arrangement in the form of a three-gate array, which must be dimensioned in such a way that, on the one hand, the different systems do not incur mutual interference and, on the other, the impedance conditions are not too substantially altered. This represents a relatively large expenditure of effort, since because of the frequency bands being, as a rule, located close to one another, filters with steep damping flanks are required, and only purely passive components (resistors, inductors, and capacitors) can be used for the realisation of the arrangement.


A system for isolating mRNAs as cDNAs employs a polymerase amplification method using at least two oligodeoxynucleotide primers. In one approach, the first primer contains sequence capable of hybridizing to a site immediately upstream of the first A ribonucleotide of the mRNA's polyA tail and the second primer contains arbitrary sequence. In another approach, the first primer contains sequence capable of hybridizing to a site including the mRNA's polyA signal sequence and the second primer contains arbitrary sequence. In another approach, the first primer contains arbitrary sequence and the second primer contains sequence capable of hybridizing to a site including the Kozak sequence. In another approach, the first primer contains a sequence that is substantially complementary to the sequence of a mRNA having a known sequence and the second primer contains arbitrary sequence. In another approach, the first primer contains arbitrary sequence and the second primer contains sequence that is substantially identical to the sequence of a mRNA having a known sequence. The first primer is used as a primer for reverse transcription of the MRNA and the resultant cDNA is amplified with a polymerase using both the first and second primers as a primer set.

This invention relates to methods of detecting and cloning of individual mRNAs.
The activities of genes in cells are reflected in the kinds and quantities of their mRNA and protein species. Gene expression is crucial for processes such as aging, development, differentiation, metabolite production, progression of the cell cycle, and infectious or genetic or other disease states. Identification of the expressed mRNAs will be valuable for the elucidation of their molecular mechanisms, and for applications to the above processes.
Mammalian cells contain approximately 15,000 different mRNA sequences, however, each mRNA sequence is present at a different frequency within the cell. Generally, mRNAs are expressed at one of three levels. A few "abundant" mRNAs are present at about 10,000 copies per cell, about 3,000-4,000 "intermediate" mRNAs are present at 300-500 copies per cell, and about 11,000 "low-abundance" or "rare" mRNAs are present at approximately 15 copies per cell. The numerous genes that are represented by intermediate and low frequencies of their mRNAs can be cloned by a variety of well established techniques (see for example Sambrook et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Press, pp. 8.6-8.35).
If some knowledge of the gene sequence or protein is had, several direct cloning methods are available. However, if the identity of the desired gene is unknown one must be able to select or enrich for the desired gene product in order to identify the "unknown" gene without expending large amounts of time and resources.
The identification of unknown genes can often involve the use of subtractive or differential hybridization techniques. Subtractive hybridization techniques rely upon the use of very closely related cell populations, such that differences in gene expression will primarily represent the gene(s) of interest. A key element of the subtractive hybridization technique is the construction of a comprehensive complementary-DNA ("cDNA") library.
The construction of a comprehensive cDNA library is now a fairly routine procedure. PolyA mRNA is prepared from the desired cells and the first strand of the cDNA is synthesized using RNA-dependent DNA polymerase ("reverse transcriptase") and an oligodeoxynucleotide primer of 12 to 18 thymidine residues. The second strand of the cDNA is synthesized by one of several methods, the more efficient of which are commonly known as "replacement synthesis" and "primed synthesis".
Replacement synthesis involves the use of ribonuclease H ("RNAase H"), which cleaves the phosphodiester backbone of RNA that is in a RNA:DNA hybrid leaving a 3' hydroxyl and a 5' phosphate, to produce nicks and gaps in the mRNA strand, creating a series of RNA primers that are used by E. coli DNA polymerase I, or its "Klenow" fragment, to synthesize the second strand of the cDNA. This reaction is very efficient; however, the cDNAs produced most often lack the 5' terminus of the mRNA sequence.
Primed synthesis to generate the second cDNA strand is a general name for several methods which are more difficult than replacement synthesis yet clone the 5' terminal sequences with high efficiency. In general, after the synthesis of the first cDNA strand, the 3' end of the cDNA strand is extended with terminal transferase, an enzyme which adds a homopolymeric "tail" of deoxynucleotides, most commonly deoxycytidylate. This tail is then hybridized to a primer of oligodeoxyguanidylate or a synthetic fragment of DNA with an deoxyguanidylate tail and the second strand of the cDNA is synthesized using a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase.
The primed synthesis method is effective, but the method is laborious, and all resultant cDNA clones have a tract of deoxyguanidylate immediately upstream of the mRNA sequence. This deoxyguanidylate tract can interfere with transcription of the DNA in vitro or in vivo and can interfere with the sequencing of the clones by the Sanger dideoxynucleotide sequencing method.
Once both cDNA strands have been synthesized, the cDNA library is constructed by cloning the cDNAs into an appropriate plasmid or viral vector. In practice this can be done by directly ligating the blunt ends of the cDNAs into a vector which has been digested by a restriction endonuclease to produce blunt ends. Blunt end ligations are very inefficient, however, and this is not a common method of choice. A generally used method involves adding synthetic linkers or adapters containing restriction endonuclease recognition sequences to the ends of the cDNAs. The cDNAs can then be cloned into the desired vector at a greater efficiency.
Once a comprehensive cDNA library is constructed from a cell line, desired genes can be identified with the assistance of subtractive hybridization (see for example Sargent T. D., 1987, Meth. Enzymol., Vol. 152, pp. 423-432; Lee et al., 1991, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, Vol. 88, pp. 2825-2830). A general method for subtractive hybridization is as follows. The complementary strand of the cDNA is synthesized and radiolabelled. This single strand of cDNA can be made from polyA mRNA or from the existing cDNA library. The radiolabelled cDNA is hybridized to a large excess of mRNA from a closely related cell population. After hybridization the cDNA:mRNA hybrids are removed from the solution by chromatography on a hydroxylapatite column. The remaining "subtracted" radiolabelled cDNA can then be used to screen a cDNA or genomic DNA library of the same cell population.
Subtractive hybridization removes the majority of the genes expressed in both cell populations and thus enriches for genes which are present only in the desired cell population. However, if the expression of a particular mRNA sequence is only a few times more abundant in the desired cell population than the subtractive population it may not be possible to isolate the gene by subtractive hybridization.

System for comparing levels or amounts of mRNAs


The present application discloses a method for transmitting a signal by a transmission terminal using direct device-to-device communication in a multicarrier communication system. Specifically, the method comprises the steps of: transmitting first data and first control information for the first data to a reception terminal via a first carrier; and transmitting second data and second control information for the second data to the reception terminal via a second carrier, wherein the first control information includes multicarrier-related information indicating at least one among an indicator indicating whether transmission is multicarrier transmission via the first carrier and the second carrier, an identifier of the transmission terminal, and an indicator indicating whether transmission timing of the first carrier and transmission timing of the second carrier coincide.

3GPP LTE (3rd generation partnership project long term evolution hereinafter abbreviated LTE) communication system is schematically explained as an example of a wireless communication system to which the present invention is applicable.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of E-UMTS network structure as one example of a wireless communication system. E-UMTS (evolved universal mobile telecommunications system) is a system evolved from a conventional UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system). Currently, basic standardization works for the E-UMTS are in progress by 3GPP. E-UMTS is called LTE system in general. Detailed contents for the technical specifications of UMTS and E-UMTS refers to release 7 and release 8 of "3rd generation partnership project; technical specification group radio access network", respectively.
Referring to FIG. 1, E-UMTS includes a user equipment (UE), an eNode B (eNB), and an access gateway (hereinafter abbreviated AG) connected to an external network in a manner of being situated at the end of a network (E-UTRAN). The eNode B may be able to simultaneously transmit multi data streams for a broadcast service, a multicast service and/or a unicast service.
One eNode B contains at least one cell. The cell provides a downlink transmission service or an uplink transmission service to a plurality of user equipments by being set to one of 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz of bandwidths. Different cells can be configured to provide corresponding bandwidths, respectively. An eNode B controls data transmissions/receptions to/from a plurality of the user equipments. For a downlink (hereinafter abbreviated DL) data, the eNode B informs a corresponding user equipment of time/frequency region on which data is transmitted, coding, data size, HARQ (hybrid automatic repeat and request) related information and the like by transmitting DL scheduling information. And, for an uplink (hereinafter abbreviated UL) data, the eNode B informs a corresponding user equipment of time/frequency region usable by the corresponding user equipment, coding, data size, HARQ-related information and the like by transmitting UL scheduling information to the corresponding user equipment. Interfaces for user-traffic transmission or control traffic transmission may be used between eNode Bs. A core network (CN) consists of an AG (access gateway) and a network node for user registration of a user equipment and the like. The AG manages a mobility of the user equipment by a unit of TA (tracking area) consisting of a plurality of cells.
Wireless communication technologies have been developed up to LTE based on WCDMA. Yet, the ongoing demands and expectations of users and service providers are consistently increasing. Moreover, since different kinds of radio access technologies are continuously developed, a new technological evolution is required to have a future competitiveness. Cost reduction per bit, service availability increase, flexible frequency band use, simple structure/open interface and reasonable power consumption of user equipment and the like are required for the future competitiveness.
As more communication devices have demanded higher communication capacity, there has been necessity of enhanced radio broadband communication relative to legacy Radio Access Technology (RAT). In addition, massive Machine Type Communication (MTC) for providing various services anytime and anywhere by connecting a plurality of devices and objects to each other is also one main issue to be considered in next-generation communication. Further, a communication system to be designed in consideration of services/UEs sensitive to reliability and latency is under discussion. Thus, introduction of next-generation RAT has been discussed by taking into consideration such matters. In the present invention, the above technology is referred to as NewRAT (NR) for convenience of description.

Method for setting and controlling carrier for direct device-to-device communication in wireless communication system, and device therefor


A process has been developed which allows contact between levels of interconnect metallization structures, to occur without the use of via holes, etched in interlevel insulator layers. The process features creation of a raised tungsten plug structure, used to provide contact between underlying active device regions and an overlying interconnect metallization structure. The tungsten plug structure is formed by photolithographic masking and dry etching procedures, thus avoiding increasing the size of a tungsten seam, in the center of the plug structure. In addition the tungsten definition process, also results in a raised plug structure, allowing subsequent contact of interconnect metallization levels to proceed without the use of etched via holes in interlevel insulator layers.

(1) Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the fabrication processes use to create semiconductor devices, and more specifically to methods used to create metal via structures, used to interconnect overlying and underlying metallization levels.
(2) Background of the Invention
The semiconductor industry is continually striving to increase the performance of semiconductor devices, while still maintaining, or decreasing, the manufacturing cost of these same semiconductor devices. These objectives have been successfully addressed by the ability of the semiconductor fabrication community to successfully create silicon devices with specific sub-micron features. The advent of micro-miniaturization, or the use of sub-micron features, has largely been accomplished by advances in several semiconductor fabrication disciplines, specifically photolithography and anisotropic dry etching. The development of more sophisticated exposure cameras, as well as the use of more sensitive photoresist materials, have resulted in sub-micron images in photoresist layers being routinely obtained. In addition similar advances in dry etching, or reactive ion etching, (RIE), have allowed the sub-micron images in photoresist layers, to be successfully transferred to underlying materials, used for the construction of silicon devices. The use of sub-micron features results in decreases in parasitic capacitances, as well as resistance decreases, both providing performance benefits. In addition the smaller features allow a greater number of smaller silicon chips to be obtained from a specific size starting wafer, thus reducing the manufacturing cost for individual chips.
The use of semiconductor chips, fabricated with sub-micron features, does however create specific areas of concern, not encountered with semiconductor chips, fabricated with less aggressive designs. For example, metal filled via holes, used to interconnect metallization levels, are more difficult to form when using sub-micron designs. Via holes, with sub micron diameters, are also difficult to fill with conventional metallization deposition techniques, such as sputtering or evaporation. The high aspect ratio of the via hole, that is the depth of the via, divided by the diameter of the via opening, requires a low pressure chemical vapor deposition, (LPCVD) process for adequate via hole filling. Since it is difficult to deposit aluminum based metallizations, using LPCVD, the semiconductor industry has used LPCVD tungsten to fill these high aspect ratio via holes. However even with the use of LPCVD tungsten, several shortcomings still exist. For example since the LPCVD fill of a via hole proceeds by tungsten depositing on the sides of the via hole, a seam or imperfection can exist in the center of the tungsten filled via, at the point of convergence of the depositing layers. This seam, when subjected to RIE etch back processes, used to remove unwanted tungsten from areas of the silicon device, other than the via hole, can evolve into a larger seam or defect, making it difficult for subsequent overlying metallizations to successfully cover. Thus overlying metallizations, thin in areas overlying the enlarged seam, may experience higher current densities than desired, and possibly resulting in electromigration failure.
This invention will describe a process for creating metal vias, or studs, using a chemically vapor deposited tungsten layer, to fill a narrow contact hole, or via hole opening, in a dielectric layer. However, to avoid expanding the existing seam in the tungsten fill, a photolithographic and reactive ion etching procedure, is used to remove unwanted tungsten from areas outside the contact or via hole vicinity. These process steps, unlike a blanket etchback, will not allow the narrow seam in the tungsten fill to evolve into a more deleterious fault, in areas where the via is directly over the contact hole. In addition this approach results in a raised, or extended, tungsten plug structure, that is the top surface of the tungsten plug is higher then the top surface of the dielectric layer, that the contact hole was formed in. A first level interconnect metallization structure, is formed from patterning a metal layer, overlying the extended tungsten plug, and when subjected to subsequent insulator deposition and planarization processes, allow successful contact between overlying second level, and underlying first level metal interconnect structures, without the creation of a via hole. Prior art, such as Cote, et al, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,312,512, suggest filling holes in a dielectric layer with a metal, followed by a chemical mechanical polishing removal procedure. The concept described in this invention, now disclosed, is to create a raised, or extended metal pattern, using a masked, etchback procedure, with the raised, or extended metal structure to be used to allow contact to subsequent overlying interconnect metallization structures, without via hole formation procedures.

Formation of a metal via using a raised metal plug structure


A plasma display apparatus is disclosed. The plasma display apparatus includes a plasma display panel including a scan electrode, a sustain electrode, and an address electrode to intersect the scan electrode and the sustain electrode, an integrated driver for supplying the scan electrode or the sustain electrode with a sustain voltage, a data driver for supplying the address electrode with a data voltage, a first ground unit for grounding the integrated driver and the sustain electrode, a second ground unit for grounding the data driver, and a ground controller for controlling the first ground unit and the second ground unit to be electrically separated from each other for a predetermined period in at least one of a reset period and an address period of a subfield.

1. Field of the Disclosure
This document relates to a display apparatus, and more particularly, to a plasma display apparatus.
2. Related Art
In general, a plasma display apparatus comprises a plasma display panel (PDP) on which images are displayed, and a driver configured to drive the PDP and attached to a rear surface of the PDP.
In general, a PDP comprises a front panel and a rear panel. A barrier rib formed between the front panel and the rear panel forms one unit discharge cell. Each cell is filled with an inert gas containing a primary discharge gas, such as neon (Ne), helium (He) or a mixed gas of Ne+He, and a small amount of xenon (Xe). A plurality of the unit discharge cell constitutes one pixel. For example, a red (R) cell, a green (G) cell, and a blue (B) cell form one pixel.
When the unit discharge cell is applied with a high frequency voltage and is thus discharged, the inert gas generates vacuum ultraviolet rays. The vacuum ultraviolet rays excite phosphors formed between the barrier ribs to implement images.
The PDP comprises a plurality of electrodes, such as scan electrodes Y, sustain electrodes Z, and address electrodes X. Drivers for applying driving voltages to the electrodes of the PDP are connected to the respective electrodes.
The respective drivers supply driving pulses to the electrodes of the PDP in predetermined periods, for example, a reset pulse in a reset period, a scan pulse in an address period, and a sustain pulse in a sustain period, when the PDP is driven, so that images are implemented. This plasma display apparatus can be made thin and light, and has thus been in the spotlight as the next-generation display apparatus.
Meanwhile, a connection structure and operating characteristics of the drivers for driving the plasma display apparatus are important factors to have an effect on driving characteristics of the plasma display apparatus. Accordingly, research has been continuously performed on the production of a plasma display apparatus with a higher quality.


A rinsing process is performed by supplying a rinsing liquid onto a substrate with a light-exposed pattern formed thereon and treated by a developing process. The rinsing liquid contains a polyethylene glycol family surfactant or an acetylene glycol family surfactant in a critical micelle concentration or less. Preferably, the surfactant includes a hydrophobic group having a carbon number of larger than 11 and having no double bond or triple bond therein.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a rinsing method for performing a rinsing process on a substrate, such as a semiconductor wafer, after a developing process is performed on a light-exposed pattern formed thereon, and a developing method including such a rinsing process.
2. Description of the Related Art
For example, in the process of manufacturing semiconductor devices, a so-called photolithography technique is used. According to this photolithography technique, a resist liquid is applied onto the surface of a semiconductor wafer (which will be referred to as "wafer") to form a resist film. Then, the resist film is subjected to a light exposure process in accordance with a predetermined pattern. Then, the resist film with the light-exposed pattern thus formed is subjected to a developing process.
In the developing process used as one of the steps of the photolithography technique, a developing solution is supplied onto the wafer to form a developing solution puddle. Then, this state is held for a predetermined time to promote the developing process by natural convection. Thereafter, the developing solution is thrown off, and purified water is then supplied as a cleaning liquid to wash out the developing solution remaining on the wafer. Then, the wafer is rotated at a high speed to throw off the developing solution and cleaning liquid remaining on the wafer, thereby drying the wafer.
In recent years, circuit structures of semiconductor devices are increasingly miniaturized with advances in light exposure techniques and so forth, and thus resist patterns with a smaller size and a higher aspect ratio have come into use. Accordingly, a problem arises such that resist patterns are pulled and bent by a surface tension of a rinsing liquid, i.e., so-called "pattern fall" is caused, when the rinsing liquid is being removed from the gaps between the patterns during a throwing-off/drying operation at the end of the developing step described above.
As a technique to solve this problem, Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 7-142349 discloses a proposed technique such that, for example, a surfactant solution is mixed into a rinsing liquid to decrease the surface tension of the rinsing liquid. Further, Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2001-5191 discloses a process in which a surfactant is supplied when a rinsing process is performed on a substrate after a developing process.
Unlike the conventional process using purified water, however, where a surfactant is used together with a rinsing liquid, a problem arises such that the surfactant generates particles and contaminates the wafer. In other words, the wafer suffers precipitation defects due to the surfactant, which deteriorate the quality. Further, another problem arises such that the surfactant dissolves resist patterns, and/or the surfactant causes CD (Critical Dimension) fluctuations. However, so far, optimum process conditions in light of these problems have not yet been found to rinsing processes using a surfactant.


This disclosure involves detecting biases in predictive models and the root cause of those biases. For example, a processing device receives test data and training data from a client device. The processing device identifies feature groups from the training data and the test data generates performance metrics and baseline metrics for a feature group. The processing device detects biases through a comparison of the performance metrics and the baseline metrics the feature group. The processing device then isolates a portion of the training data that corresponds to the detected bias. The processing device generates a model correction usable to remove the bias from the predictive model.

Automated modeling systems are used for analyzing interactions with online services that provide digital forums in which end users may interact with online content (e.g., by purchasing products or services, commenting on products or services, etc.). Automated modeling systems use modeling algorithms that involve techniques such as logistic regression, neural networks, support vector machines, etc. These automated modeling algorithms are trained using training data, which can be generated by or otherwise indicate certain electronic interactions, transactions, or circumstances. This training data is analyzed by one or more computing devices of an automated modeling system. The training data is grouped into predictor variables that are provided as inputs to the automated modeling system. The automated modeling system uses this analysis to make predictions using data describing similar circumstances. For example, the automated modeling system uses the predictor variables to learn how to generate predictive outputs involving online interactions (or other circumstances) that are similar to the predictor variables from the training data.
Once the automated modeling system is trained, the modeling system may be tested to ensure the accuracy of future predictions. Evaluation of automated modeling systems focuses on performance (e.g., prediction accuracy). For instance, a given test input is associated with a label indicating an expected prediction for the test input. A comparison between a prediction and the label for the test input indicates an accuracy of the model to predict the test input. A performance metric indicates an overall accuracy of the automated modeling system to generate predictions. If the performance metric falls below a threshold (i.e., the model is inaccurately generating predictions), then the automated modeling system is retrained.
Existing techniques for testing models may present disadvantages. For example, evaluating model performance as a testing process only identifies the overall accuracy of the model. Frequently, an overall accuracy metric masks the presence biases in the predictive model with respect to particular predictor variables. Biases in the automated modeling system represent a failure in the model to generate accurate predictions associated with particular predictor variables. Testing overall accuracy fails to identify the presence of biases that degrade model performance. In addition, testing overall model accuracy does not provide an indication as to the cause of model performance degradation due to biases, thereby preventing effective methods for correcting the predictive model. For instance, if the cause if the error is in the training data, retraining the model will reproduce the error. Thus, existing techniques for testing predicative models fail to identify errors in models and do provide enough information for corrective action.

Methods and systems for detection and isolation of bias in predictive models


A system and method for determining the position of each railroad vehicle within a train consist. The train consist includes a locomotive, at least one trainline and at least one railroad vehicle. The locomotive has a computer. The at least one trainline has a power line for supplying power to the computer and to each railroad vehicle. The system includes the computer as programmed, a vehicle computing device incorporated into each railroad vehicle, and the at least one trainline interconnecting the computer with each vehicle computing device. Each vehicle computing device contains a unique identification code. Each vehicle computing device can apply to and sense from the power line an electrical signal. The computer via the program commands sequentially each vehicle computing device, via the identification codes, to so apply the electrical signal. Each time the computer so commands one of the vehicle computing devices, all of the other vehicle computing devices located between the locomotive and the vehicle computing device which applied the electrical signal sense the electrical signal. All of the other vehicle computing devices that sensed the electrical signal then respond to the computer, via the at least one trainline, that the electrical signal was sensed. The computer, after having commanded all of the vehicle computing devices and having received the responses therefrom, automatically determines the position of each railroad vehicle relative to all other railroad vehicles within the train consist.

Since the advent of solid state electronics, manufacturers of railroad transportation technology have sought to convert locomotive control systems from conventional mechanical apparatus to more modern electronic componentry. Part of the rationale for preferring electronic systems over their mechanical counterparts involves factors that one typically associates with computerization. Faster control of critical systems and elimination of bulky mechanical hardware to decrease weight and increase available space are two such factors. Reliability and greater operational efficiency are prime examples of two other such factors. Market forces including the need to keep up with business competitors are also important factors for companies engaged in the development of such computerized locomotive control systems.
Electronic locomotive control systems of varying sophistication and complexity have been developed in recent years. The electronics within these control systems perform the basic functions requisite to the control of a locomotive more efficiently than the old mechanical relay based systems of years past. Computerized locomotive control systems now control engine propulsion, dynamic braking and pneumatic braking to name a few such functions. These electronic control systems may also be interconnected with other systems such as wheel slip and slide detection circuitry. Such features further enhance the performance of railroad locomotives and make such computerized systems even more attractive to customers of railroad equipment manufacturers.
These advances in railroad transportation technology have served to accelerate further the drive toward gleaning more and more utility from such computer controlled systems. The customers of railroad equipment manufacturers such as freight and passenger transit services expect electronic locomotive control systems that perform an ever increasing number of tasks and that do so automatically. Customers often specifically request that certain functions, previously performed manually, be automated by either modifying existing computer systems or employing new function specific electronic hardware or a combination of both. Automatically determining position of a rail vehicle within a train consist is one such function that may be implemented using either entirely new equipment or a combination of new and existing equipment via the present system and method.
A train consist routinely stops frequently to add and remove railroad cars so as to pick-up and deliver various goods for shipment. A train operator therefore has to maneuver the train consist alongside siding railroad tracks to allow coupling and uncoupling of railroad cars as other railroad cars are added and removed. Quite often the train operator also has to position particular railroad cars adjacent railside platforms to allow loading or unloading of goods intended for shipment on specially equipped railroad cars. For train consists of moderate to long length, especially freight trains which often extend a mile or more in length, it proves quite a tedious and time consuming task to determine the exact location of a particular railroad car within the train consist.
The present invention, however, automatically and quickly informs the train operator of the exact order of vehicles within the train consist. The present system saves time and labor that otherwise would be expended in pinpointing the position of a particular railroad car using other more time consuming ways of ascertaining railroad car position. The present system also eliminates the possibility of error in determining railroad car position as compared to using a human to determine same. Though perhaps a luxury on train consists of very short length, on moderate to long train consists, especially those long freight trains, the present system constitutes an advance over previous practice.
The present system and method may be realized in part by taking advantage of certain components commonly found on today's more modern train consists. A typical train consist includes at least one locomotive, one or more rail vehicles and a plurality of trainlines. The trainlines include both pneumatic and electrical lines generally running from a head of train locomotive to a last rail vehicle in the train and connecting to air brakes and electrical devices, respectively, in each rail vehicle situated therebetween. Specifically, in a locomotive, the pneumatic trainlines include an actuating pipe, a main reservoir equalizing (MER) pipe, and an independent application and release (IAR) pipe. Within a locomotive consist (i.e., two or more locomotives interconnected to haul heavy loads), each of the MER, actuating and IAR pipes respectively interconnect with the MER, actuating and IAR pipes of the other locomotives. The pneumatic trainlines also include a brake pipe. The brake pipe consists of a series of pipe lengths one of which secured to the underside of each rail vehicle and interconnected to another such pipe length via a flexible coupler situated between each rail vehicle. The brake pipe is thus one long continuous pipe running from the head of train locomotive to the last rail vehicle.
Sometimes referred to in the singular as a trainline or a trainline cable, the electrical trainlines (i.e., wires) include a power line and a return line which, along with other electrical lines, are contained within a protective conduit or cable. As with the brake pipe, the electrical trainlines actually constitute a series of individual conduits one of which usually secured to the underside of each rail vehicle and interconnected via a connector situated between each rail vehicle. The power line supplies power from the head of train locomotive to each of the railroad vehicles within the train consist. The return line likewise supplies a path for completing electrical circuits supplied by the power line. For the sake of clarity, the reader is advised that hereinafter all references to the term "trainline" denote "electrical trainline" and not "pneumatic trainline" unless otherwise specifically noted.
The head of train locomotive is typically equipped with one or more computerized systems, a cab keyboard for accessing at least one of such preexisting computerized systems, and a cab display for monitoring train operation. One example of such preexisting computerized systems is the EPIC.RTM. Computer Controlled Brake Equipment Produced by the Westinghouse Air Brake Company (WABCO). The EPIC.RTM. Brake Control Equipment controls the operation of the brakes for all the railroad vehicles within a train consist. Another example of such preexisting computerized systems is the Cab Integration Equipment in the locomotive which, simply stated, controls the overall operation of a train consist.
The present system and method may be implemented using either componentry dedicated solely to the present invention or a combination of new and existing equipment such as the locomotive computer and the trainlines alluded to above. The latter alternative is a preferred means for carrying out the present invention, though the former alternative is equally efficacious. This will become apparent from the following detailed description and claims.


The reverse opening type slide fastener has a separable bottom end stop including upper and lower sliders, wherein a stopper for preventing the lower slider from slipping off is provided at the bottom end of a box pin. A first engaging portion is formed on an opposite side edge opposite to an insert pin of the box pin and a second engaging portion is formed on an opposite side edge opposite to the box pin of the insert pin to position the insert pin in a downward direction when the second engaging portion engages the first engaging portion. A projecting portion which makes contact with the inner face of the blade of the upper slider to suppress a free sliding of the upper slider, is formed on at least any one of front and rear side faces opposite to the inner face of the blade of the upper slider of the box pin.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a reverse opening type slide fastener which can be opened upward and in a reverse direction while it is separable and engageable.
2. Background of the Invention
As a slide fastener for opening or closing right and left front bodies of clothes, a separable/engageable type slide fastener having a box pin and an insert pin on the bottom of element rows has been used.
In an ordinary slide fastener having the separable bottom end stop, the insert pin is formed at the bottom end of an element row on one side, while a box into which the insert pin is to be inserted is provided fixedly via a box pin and consecutively from the bottom end of the element row on the other side. Such a slide fastener having the separable bottom end stop is so configured that when a slider is lowered to the lowest position where the slider makes contact with the box, the insert pin can be removed from or inserted into the box and slider, so that right and left fastener stringers can be separated.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,157,381 has described an invention about the ordinary separable bottom end stop for the slide fastener, aiming at suppressing a free sliding of its slider over elements when the insert pin is removed from the slider.
The separable bottom end stop described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,157,381 has a box pin at the bottom end of an element row of a first fastener stringer while a box into which the insert pin provided consecutively from the bottom end of the element row of a second fastener stringer is to be inserted is fixed to the same box pin. The element row of the first fastener stringer has a single slider, which renders the right and left element rows of the slide fastener into a coupling state or in a separated state when the slider is slid passing over the both element rows.
The box pin of the separable bottom end stop described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,157,381 has a projection for suppressing the free sliding of the slider on each of both front and rear side faces opposite to a flange inner face of the slider when the projection engages a recess portion (notch) formed in the flange inner face of the slider.
When a wearer couples both fastener stringers from a state in which they are separate, sometimes, the wearer bends a bottom portion of the element row forward as seen from the wearer in order to facilitate an insertion action for the insert pin into an opening of the slider, so that the bottom portion is lifted up to a position where it is visible easily from the wearer and then, inserts the insert pin into the opening of the slider. Particularly, this method is often applied if the separable bottom end stop is attached to the bottom end of long clothes such that its bottom end is extended to the vicinity of his or her foot.
When the bottom end of the element row is lifted up in a forward bent state, the up-down relation of the slide fastener is reversed at the bottom end thereof, so that the box is located up while the slider is located down. Consequently, the slider may go down in a direction of separating from the box pin due to its gravity. If the slider leaves the box pin, the insert pin which the wearer attempts to insert interferes with the element row leading to the box pin, thereby producing such an inconvenience that the insert pin cannot be inserted. According to a slide fastener described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,157,381, a projection formed on the front and rear side faces of the box pin engages a recess portion formed in the flange inner face of the slider, so as to prevent the slider from separating from the box.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open publication No. 2005-245859 has proposed a separable bottom end stop for reverse opening type slide fastener which can be opened in both ways from upward and downward by disposing two sliders such that their rear mouths are opposite to each other.
The reverse opening type slide fastener described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open publication No. 2005-245859 has an upper slider and a lower slider which enable the slider to be opened/closed in both ways from upward and downward, and the insert pin which can be removed from and inserted into the upper slider and the lower slider is attached on the bottom end of the element row on one side such that the rear mouths of the upper slider and the lower slider keep contact with each other in the opposite state. Further, a box pin in which an escape preventing stopper is formed in order to lock the lower slider at a lowest position is mounted on the bottom end of the element row on the other side.
An operation of the reverse opening type slide fastener having a separable bottom end stop described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open publication No. 2005-245859 in case where the slide fastener is used for opening/closing the right and left front bodies of clothes will be described. If the upper slider is slid downward with right and left fastener stringers completely coupled with each other, the right and left front bodies of clothes can be opened at the top. Further, if the lower slider is slid from down to up together with the upper slider with the slide fastener opened, the right and left front bodies can be opened at the bottom.
When the wearer takes off clothes, the rear mouths of the upper slider and the lower slider are brought into contact with each other in an opposite state and then, lowered to the lowest position. Then, an operation of removing the insert pin attached on the bottom end of the element row from the upper slider and the lower slider is carried out. Consequently, the right and left fastener stringers are separated, so that the right and left front bodies of clothes are separated and the clothes are easy to take off.
To remove the insert pin from the upper slider and the lower slider, the right and left element rows need to be completely kept uncoupled. For that purpose, with the rear mouths of the upper slider and the lower slider kept into contact in the opposite state, the rear mouths need to be kept lowered to the bottom end of the fastener stringer.
When the wearer puts on clothes, the insert pin needs to be inserted into the opening in the upper slider and the lower slider in order to couple separated right and left element rows with each other. In this case, unless the rear mouths of the upper slider and the lower slider are kept in contact with each other in the opposite state and kept lowered to the bottom end of the fastener stringer, the inserted insert pin interferes with the element row, thereby making difficult the insertion of the insert pin.
Further, when the wearer attempts to insert the insert pin with the lower portion of the element row bent forward as seen from the wearer so that the lower portion is lifted up to a position where it can be seen easily by the wearer, the upper slider independently or both the upper and lower sliders may be lowered in a direction of separating from the box pin due to the gravity in many cases. Particularly, if the upper slider leaves the box pin in a separated state, the stringer is bent between the respective sliders. In this case, when the wearer attempts to insert the insert pin, the insert pin cannot be inserted all at once. Consequently, the sliders interfere with the element rows consecutive from the box pin, thereby producing such an inconvenience of complicating the inserting operation for the insert pin.