There is provided a liquid jetting apparatus, including: a channel structure in which a liquid channel including a nozzle and a pressure chamber communicating with the nozzle is formed; a piezoelectric element including a piezoelectric body and an electrode; a driving device; and a cover member joined to the surface of the channel structure. A first wiring section connected to the electrode is formed on the surface of the channel structure, and the cover member includes a cover body section and a wiring connection section. A second wiring section is formed in the cover member. The wiring connection section is joined to the surface of the channel structure in a state that the second wiring section is electrically conductive with the first wiring section. A thickness, of the wiring connection section is thinner than a thickness of the cover body section.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid jetting apparatus and a piezoelectric actuator.
2. Description of the Related Art
There has been conventionally known a liquid jetting apparatus having a piezoelectric actuator which applies jetting energy to a liquid. For example, there has been known an ink-jet head including a channel forming substrate in which a plurality of pressure chambers, which are communicated with a plurality of nozzles respectively, are formed and a piezoelectric actuator provided in the channel forming substrate.
One piezoelectric actuator includes a plurality of piezoelectric elements, which are arranged on the surface of an elastic film covering the pressure chambers formed in the channel forming substrate so as to face the pressure chambers, respectively. Further, a seal substrate is provided in the channel forming substrate to cover the piezoelectric elements and the piezoelectric elements are hermetically sealed by the seal substrate.
In the channel forming substrate, there are formed a plurality of lead electrodes which are drawn from the piezoelectric elements to the outer side of the seal substrate, respectively. Further, a driver IC for driving the piezoelectric elements is installed on the seal substrate. The lead electrodes are connected to the driver IC by wires individually (wire bonding).
In the above ink-jet head, the driver IC installed on the seal substrate covering the piezoelectric elements is connected to the lead electrodes drawn from the piezoelectric elements by the wire bonding. However, the connection by the wire bonding is actually troublesome. Especially, in a case that the lead electrodes, which are drawn from many piezoelectric elements respectively, are disposed densely in association with the high density arrangement of the nozzles of the ink-jet head, it is not easy to connect the wires to the lead electrodes one by one and the reliability of conduction declines eventually.

Liquid jetting apparatus and piezoelectric actuator


When a power amplifier mounted in mobile communications equipment, such as a mobile-phone, is composed of a balanced amplifier, technology with which the loss of the electric power composition in a power combiner can be reduced is provided. According to the technical idea of the present embodiment, by dividing an isolation capacitor element into two capacitor elements with high symmetry and coupled in parallel, it is possible to make almost equal parasitic capacitance arising from these capacitor elements, even when the capacitor elements are formed as interlayer capacitor elements of the wiring substrate.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor device, especially, to technology which is effective when applied to a semiconductor device employed for mobile communications equipment, such as a mobile-phone.
Patent Literature 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2010-206649) describes a configuration of a power amplifier which amplifies a transmit signal. The power amplifier described in Patent Literature 1 is provided with two amplification paths through which transmit signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees with each other are transmitted. That is, the power amplifier described in Patent Literature 1 amplifies the transmit signals with the 90-degree phase difference respectively, and subsequently, combines and outputs an electric power of the transmit signals by a power combiner. Accordingly, the description of Patent Literature 1 is a configuration of the so-called balanced amplifier.
(Patent Literature)
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Laid-open No.


High performance silicone rubber windshield wiper blades are provided as a result of molding a tintable platinum group metal catalyzed silicone compositions having an intrinsic viscosity of less than 1.3. Improved lubricity with respect to windshield wiper glass is achieved by a molding procedure which effects a transfer such as a migration, or diffusion of release agent, for example polytetrafluoroethylene, into the surface of the silicone rubber windshield wiper blade.

The present invention relates to a silicone windshield wiper blade. More particularly, the present invention relates to a tintable, moldable, platinum group metal catalyzed silicone composition, and a method of converting it to a silicone windshield wiper blade exhibiting superior service life.
As discussed by Gibbons et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,283,927, although silicone rubber is superior to natural or synthetic organic rubbers in many respects, when used for windshield wiper blades, silicone rubber has been found to have an unacceptably high coefficient of friction with respect to glass. For example, a silicone rubber wiper blade can either tear loose from the wiper arm, or it can produce an annoying loud squeak. Gibbons et al. further teach that if the specific gravity of the silicone rubber wiper blade is below a prescribed minium, such as 1.3, frictional force problems can occur with respect to contact between the wiper blade and glass.
It has been found that although cureable silicone compositions can be fabricated with excess filler to produce silicone rubber products, such as a wiper blade having a specific gravity above 1.3, such excess filler loading can have an adverse effect on the performance or service life of the fabricated product as a result of a reduction in physical properties, such as tensile strength. In addition, although pigments are sometimes used in the manufacture of rubber products, the presence of excess filler in fabricated silicone rubber often interferes with the brightness of such pigments. Experience has shown that pigments capable of reflecting incident light within a wave length range of 390 nm to 770 nm can be substantially masked in the presence of excess filler. In addition, the presence of up to 20 parts of a lubricity additive, for example polytetrafluoroethylene, or molybdenum disulfide, in a silicone windshield wiper, such as shown for example by Hamilton et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,972,850, may also adversely effect the service life of a silicone rubber wiper blade.
It would be desireable therefore to provide a curable silicone composition which can be readily molded to a windshield wiper blade having a superior service life and a low coefficient of friction. It also would be advantageous to provide a moldable silicone composition which can be readily converted to a brightly colored windshield wiper blade.

Method of making a silicone rubber windshield wiper


The present invention provides a method of packaging an electronic component, which permits improvement of mounting accuracy of various components against non-uniform deformation of the printed circuit board, and simplification of the correcting operation. The method of the present invention comprises the steps of dividing the printed circuit board c to be placed on the packaging section m into a plurality of prescribed areas c1 . . . , determining a reference origin a1 . . . for mounting the electronic component for each of the plurality of areas, setting the resultant coordinates in the control means 1, measuring a reference origin for each of the plurality of areas by means of detecting means prior to packaging, calculating and setting a correction origin for each area through the control means 1 on the basis of this measurement, controlling the mounting head 2 individually for each area, and mounting the prescribed electronic component.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of packaging an electronic component applicable in an industry for assembling or mounting electric components.
2. Description of the Related Art
In industrial sectors in which electronic components such as a chip component and an IC component are mounted on a printed circuit board, external heat action or the like often causes a longitudinal or transverse expansion and contraction of the printed circuit board during or before mounting an electronic component onto the printed circuit board, partly because the use of materials having a high thermal conductivity has become common.
The mounting position of an electronic component onto the printed circuit board is previously programmed into a controller so as to permit sequential processing in accordance with such a positional value.
When mounting the electronic component in accordance with this program, therefore, there occurs a shift of the mounting position by an amount of change in expansion or contraction, thus resulting in an inaccurate mounting position and hence in occurrence of defectives.
It is therefore necessary, prior to mounting, to correct data in the foregoing program in compliance with the expansion/contraction ratio of the printed circuit board, and for this purpose, there is known a method disclosed in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 7-38519.
In this method, as shown in FIG. 9, when the lengths L1 and L2 between the recognition marks a and b and between b and c placed on the printed circuit board 50 show changes in the X-axis and the Y-axis directions by heat or the like into lengths L1' and L2' between the recognition marks a' and b' and between b' and c', it has been the conventional practice to calculate changes on the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively, from contraction ratios at X-axis=L1'/L1 and Y-axis=L2'/L2, and correct the coordinates of the mounting position as a whole on the printed circuit board 50 on the basis of the values thereof.
However, these changes in expansion and contraction of the printed circuit board are not uniform throughout the entire board, but are often non-uniform between different portions thereof. A proportional correction with multiplication and division of the contraction ratio cannot give a sufficient positional accuracy of mounting, and a larger value of coordinates leads to a proportional increase in error of the correction of multiplication/division of the foregoing contraction ratio, thus further reducing the mounting coordinates.
The conventional art had these various problems as described above.

Method of packaging electronic components


The invention relates to an adaptive optical device for the reflection of impinging radiation, the adaptive optical device comprising at least one actuator and at least one partially reflective volume. The at least one partially reflective volume has a first surface that is oriented to the impinging radiation. The at least one partially reflective volume is at least partially deformable by said at least one actuator such that the impinging radiation is reflected at the at least one partially reflective volume substantially in accordance with Bragg's law. Further, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the shape of an adaptive optical device.

The term "adaptive optical device" used in this description is intended to encompass bother so-called "active optical devices" and "adaptive optics", such as adaptive mirrors. Active optical devices are known in the prior art. The adaptive optical devices are used for radiation of the visible spectral range to correct aberrations of reflecting surfaces. Fields of application for the adaptive optical device include, but are not limited to, astronomical telescopes, high-performance lasers, the human eye or lithographic systems.
The adaptive optical devices are equipped with a plurality of actuators which can, for example, modulate the shape of a reflecting surface, such as a mirror. The modulation of such a mirror is frequently carried out in real-time. The plurality of actuators are, for example, piezoelectric actuators, hydraulic actuators or pneumatic actuators and deform local portions of the mirror. In other applications, the plurality of actuators are membranes that are controlled by electrostatic fields.
The active optical devices with a deformable mirror, for example, are often used for guidance of impinging rays of light wherein the rays of light are emitted by a point source of light. The rays of light can have a long wavelength and are reflected at a surface of the deformable mirror.
Currently in the area of soft and hard X-rays transformations of a beam of X-rays are used without any corrections and it is trusted to the mechanical precision of the manufactured mirrors.


An X-ray analysis apparatus in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are applied to a sample and a two-dimensional CCD sensor detects the X-rays diffracted by the sample. The X-ray analysis apparatus includes a scan-moving means for scan-moving the two-dimensional CCD sensor in a plane, and a charge-transfer signal generating means for generating a charge-transfer signal in the CCD sensor, every time the CCD sensor is moved for a distance corresponding to the width of a pixel constituting the CCD sensor. Hence, the motion of the semiconductor X-ray detecting means and the generation of the charge-transfer signal are synchronized with each other to achieve time delay integration operation. Since the timing of transfer of electric charges in the CCD sensor is synchronized with scan-motion velocity of the CCD sensor, each pixel can accurately analyze the intensity of the X-ray diffracted at each diffraction angle.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an X-ray analysis apparatus in which X-rays emitted from an X-ray source are applied to a sample and a semiconductor X-ray detecting means such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) sensor detects the X-rays diffracted by the sample.
2. Description of the Related Art
Most X-ray analysis apparatuses have an X-ray generating unit and an X-ray detector. The X-ray generating unit applies an X-ray to a sample. The X-ray detector detects the X-ray that is emerging from the sample. In the X-ray analysis apparatus, when an X-ray is applied to a sample and the incident angle of the X-ray with respect to the sample is set to be a specific angle, the X-ray is diffracted by the sample. The diffracted X-ray emerges from the sample. The X-ray, thus diffracted, is detected by the X-ray detector.
Various types of X-ray detectors are known, such as zero-dimensional X-ray detector, one-dimensional X-ray detector, and two-dimensional X-ray detector. These X-ray detectors are also known as zero-dimensional counter, one-dimensional counter and two-dimensional counter, respectively.
The zero-dimensional X-ray detector is an X-ray detector that is configured to detect X-rays as points. Examples of zero-dimensional X-ray detectors, known in the art, are PC (Proportional Counter) and SC (Scintillation Counter). The one-dimensional X-ray detector is an X-ray detector that is configured to detect X-rays as lines. Examples of one-dimensional X-ray detectors, known in the art, are PSPC (Position Sensitive Proportional Counter) and one-dimensional CCD sensor. The PSPC has linear signal lines, each generating an electric signal at the position where an X-ray is applied. The one-dimensional CCD sensor has a plurality of CCD elements arranged in a row.
The two-dimensional X-ray detector is an X-ray detector that is configured to detect X-rays in a plane. Examples of two-dimensional X-ray detectors, known in the art, are those known as imaging plate and two-dimensional CCD sensor. The imaging plate is a detector plate that has an X-ray receiving surface coated with storage phosphor. The two-dimensional CCD sensor has a plurality of CCD (Charge Coupled Device) elements arranged in rows and columns.
The CCD sensor described above used as the one-dimensional CCD sensor or two-dimensional CCD sensor is one of semiconductor position sensors. In recent years, various X-ray analysis apparatuses have been proposed, each comprising a semiconductor position sensor such as a CCD sensor as an X-ray detector. It is expected that X-ray analysis apparatuses of this type analyze X-rays faster than the zero-dimensional counter and the one-dimensional counter.
Conventionally, there is disclosed an X-ray analysis apparatus that uses a two-dimensional CCD sensor and optical fibers to obtain a two-dimensional diffraction image whose area is broader than the two-dimensional CCD sensor in e.g. Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-116158, pp. 3–6, FIG. 1. The two-dimensional diffraction image is a diffraction image that is displayed two-dimensionally or in a plane, as shown in FIG. 8. In the conventional X-ray analysis apparatus disclosed in the publication, as shown in FIG. 6, a phosphor material 102 is arranged behind a sample 'S' when viewed from an X-ray source 101, and the phosphor material 102 has its light-outgoing surface (that is right side surface in FIG. 6) coupled to a bundle of plural optical fibers 103 with its longitudinal cross-section formed into a taper, and the optical fibers 103 has its light-outgoing end (that is right side end in FIG. 6) coupled to a two-dimensional CCD sensor 104.
In the conventional X-ray analysis apparatus, a diffracted X-ray emerging from the sample 'S' is applied to the phosphor material 102 to form a light image corresponding to the diffracted X-ray in the phosphor material 102. Then the light image is directed to the two-dimensional CCD sensor 104 by the optical fibers 103, and is accumulated in plural pixels of the CCD sensor 104 as electric charges. It is expected that X-ray analysis apparatuses of this type analyze X-rays faster than the zero-dimensional counter and the one-dimensional counter.
Each of the plural optical fibers 103 used in the conventional X-ray analysis apparatus has its longitudinal cross-section tapered so that the diameter of the optical fibers 103 at the phosphor material 102 side becomes large and that at the CCD sensor 104 side becomes small. This type of CCD sensor using thus tapered optical fibers 103 is referred to as a tapered CCD sensor. Generally, the CCD sensor 104 is cooled when in use.
When employing the conventional X-ray analysis apparatus using the tapered CCD sensor shown in FIG. 6, since the light image is distorted due to distortion of the optical fibers 103 themselves, there is raised a problem that data obtained by the CCD sensor is not correct. Furthermore, since the X-ray image is once converted to light by the phosphor material 102 and thus converted data is detected by the CCD sensor, there is also raised a problem that data obtained by the CCD sensor is not correct.
On the other hand, in case of using a two-dimensional CCD sensor to obtain a two-dimensional diffraction image whose area is broader than the receiving surface of the two-dimensional CCD sensor, other than the method shown in FIG. 6, there is proposed a method in which X-rays are detected while the sample being a subject and the two-dimensional CCD sensor being an X-ray detector are moving relative to each other. However, employing this method, the X-ray analysis apparatus can hardly detect X-rays at high speed and high sensitivity. This is because the spatial resolution of the conventional CCD sensor is approximately 100 μm at most, and the plural CCD pixels cannot obtain data or an image at high resolution when the sample and the two-dimensional CCD sensor move relative to each other at an excessively high speed.


The clean room heating jacket comprises an inner liner and an outer cover formed from flexible, static-dissipative, substantially particle-free fabric, an intermediate layer of resilient, substantially fiber-free insulative material and a flexible heating element disposed between the inner liner and the intermediate insulative layer. The inner liner, intermediate insulative layer and outer cover are configured to conform generally to the shape and size of the processing vessel for which the heating jacket is adapted. The jacket is of clamshell design wherein relatively opposing free edge portions are disposed in closely spaced relation to one another when the jacket is in a closed position and in generally planar, outwardly spaced relation to one another when the jacket is in an open position. A flap is attached to the outer cover in overlying relation to one of the free edge portions, and VELCROC.RTM. hook and loop material is secured to the underside of the flap and to the outer cover adjacent to the other opposing edge portion to releasably hold the jacket in the closed position in surrounding relation to the processing vessel. The heating element comprises one or more heat-generating core wires, a layer of insulative material wrapped around the core wire(s), a first thread layer wrapped around the insulative layer, a ground conductor wrapped around the insulative layer and second and third thread layers wrapped around the ground conductor. The core wire(s), insulative layer, ground conductor and various thread layers are disposed in a serpentine pattern, and the heating element is arranged in a plurality of electrically connected strips secured to the inner liner of the jacket.

The present invention relates to electrical resistance heating apparatus and more particularly to heating jackets suitable for use in clean room environments and to the heating elements employed therein.
It has been found that in processing semiconductor wafers, it is advantageous to heat portions of the process equipment located downstream, and possibly upstream, of a horizontal diffusion-type chemical vapor deposition (CVD) chamber. In this manner, the condensation of compounds such as silicon nitride, ammonium and dichloroxylene from a gaseous to a crystalline state is avoided or substantially reduced, thereby assisting in their recapture and/or further availability for ongoing process reactions. Heating jackets disposed in surrounding relation to the CVD chamber are well known; however, due to their high heating capacity and cumbersomeness, these jackets are not well suited for use on outlying pipes and other vessels where heating requirements are more moderate and where there is a need to install and remove the jacket relatively quickly. In addition, there may be several vessels connected either directly or indirectly to the primary CVD chamber, so the cost of covering these outlying structures with high capacity heating jackets could be prohibitive. Thus, there was a need for a relatively modest heating jacket in terms of heating capacity and cost, as well as one which was easily installed and removed.
Heretofore, moderate range heating jackets which might otherwise satisfy the foregoing need have contained a substantial amount of fiberglass and/or have tended to carry a static surface charge. These conventional moderate range heating jackets were unsuited for use with semiconductor processing equipment due to their tendency to introduce an unacceptable level of particles or fibers into the surroundings. Thus, there was a need for a heating jacket comprising static-dissipative, generally particle-free materials suitable for use in a clean room environment.
In addition, the heating elements employed in conventional moderate range jackets were typically ungrounded. However, NST Standards now require, or are expected to soon require, heating elements adapted for use in semiconductor production and other industrial processes to be fully or continuously grounded. Thus, there was also a need to devise a grounded heating element suitable for use in a moderate range heating jacket.

Clean room heating jacket and grounded heating element therefor


An objective of the present invention is to increase production efficiency of high-performance flexible semiconductor devices. A semiconductor device manufacturing method includes: a step of forming an insulating substrate (10) which is configured of glass substrates (11, 13) with a thermal expansion coefficient which approximates the thermal expansion coefficient of a single-crystal silicon substrate (20) and a plastic substrate (12) which is positioned between both of the glass substrates; and a step of, after bonding the insulating substrate (10) with the single-crystal silicon substrate (20), separating a portion of the single-crystal silicon substrate (20) with heat processing, and forming a single-crystal silicon layer (14) upon the glass substrate (11).

Currently, low temperature polysilicon is mainstream for TFTs in mid-to small-sized liquid crystal display devices, but low temperature polysilicon has a small grain size, low mobility, and varies a lot in TFT characteristics. In order to improve TFT characteristics, single-crystal silicon (Si) with no crystal grain boundary may be formed, but it is difficult to form single-crystal silicon on top of a large substrate using a regular film forming method. A technology to transfer a single-crystal silicon wafer to a top of a glass substrate is being studied (see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
Furthermore, while efforts have been made in improving TFT performance, the development of a flexible display that has a curved surface and flexible characteristics has also been taking place (see Non-Patent Document 3). In order to realize a flexible display, a plastic substrate such as PET can be used as a substrate that is flexible, but a regular plastic substrate only has an upper temperature limit of approximately 100° C., so the TFT characteristics decrease. Furthermore, if a polyimide (PI) or the like is used as a flexible substrate, then the upper temperature limit is approximately 400° C., so low temperature polysilicon can be formed, but it is still not enough to obtain high TFT performance.
Furthermore, if a single-crystal silicon film can be transferred to the top of the flexible substrate, then even higher performing flexible displays can be realized, but for transferring the single-crystal silicon wafer, heat treatment of over several hundred degrees Celsius is necessary. However, the coefficient of thermal expansion of a plastic substrate made of PET, PI, or the like and a silicon wafer is highly different, and the plastic substrate bends during heat treatment, and thus the single-crystal silicon wafer cannot be reliably transferred.
Recently, a thin film glass with a thickness of 100 um or less that can be bent has been reported (Non-Patent Document 4), but such a thin glass substrate is easy to break and is very difficult to wash or transport, and thus is difficult to use in the actual manufacturing process.
Patent Document 1 discloses a method (see FIG. 13) to bond a silicon wafer and a flexible substrate formed of glass, plastic, or the like having flexible characteristics, but even with this method, problems such as transferring being insufficient due to the substrate tearing off because of the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion, and damaging of the glass substrate, and the like may occur.

Semiconductor device manufacturing method


Disclosed herein is a reception apparatus including: a reception block configured to receive AV content; a definition information acquisition block configured to acquire definition information defining the life cycle of an application program to be executed in linkage with the AV content; an application acquisition block configured to acquire the application program distributed over a network in accordance with the acquired definition information; and a control block configured to control the performance of the acquired application program.

The present disclosure relates to a reception apparatus, a reception method, and a program. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a reception apparatus, a reception method, and a program for offering application programs to be executed in linkage with AV (Audio-Video) content in hybrid broadcasting.
With the advent of digital TV broadcasting in recent years, data broadcasting in BML (Broadcast Markup Language) has found widespread acceptance. Today, almost all TV sets are capable of handling BML-based data broadcasting.
Studies are now underway to introduce so-called hybrid broadcasting involving the use of not only broadcast waves but also communications for accessing predetermined servers on the Internet to acquire application programs to be performed in linkage with TV programs (e.g., see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-66556).

Reception apparatus, reception method, and program


Method and system which permit, among a plurality of terminals, group cipher communication from a desired terminal to a number of desired terminals while ensuring safety of security. A plurality of secret values called master keys which are common to a predetermined subset of IC cards are stored in an IC card. A terminal initially starting communication generates a destination indicator to transmit it to other terminals, selects one of a plurality of master keys stored in an IC card on the basis of the destination indicator, generates a group key by using the selected master key, and performs encipherment and decipherment of a communication message by using the generated group key to carry out broadcast. A terminal standing for a destination receives the destination indicator, selects one of a plurality of master keys on the basis of the destination indicator, generates the group key on the basis of the selected master key and performs encipherment and decipherment of the communication message by using the generated group key.

The present invention relates to communication method and system for enciphering a communication message and transmitting and receiving the enciphered communication message.
In recent years, advance in technologies of information processing and communication has succeeded in exchanging various kinds of information at high speeds and at low costs by using a communication network. By using a communication satellite (CS) or a local area network (LAN), a piece of information transmitted can be received simultaneously by a great number of terminals. In other words, broadcast can be realized easily to advantage.
However, when broadcast is effected by using the CS or the LAN, a transmitted electric signal or electric wave signal can be received by any of the terminals and therefore, with the broadcast left intact, limited communication cannot be effected wherein information desired to be secret is transferred to a limited partner only.
Approaches to transferring information to only a limited partner and keeping the information secret from the other partners in the broadcast using the CS or LAN are disclosed in the aforementioned U.S. Ser. No. 08/035,956 by the present inventiors. Of them, one method is announced in, for example, "Security by Card" by Takaragi, Fukuzawa and Nakamura, at the symposium of safety and reliability for communication network in information society in the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, Japan, Aug. 19, 1991, pp. 11-20.
The method disclosed in the above literature will be described with reference to FIG. 9.
FIG. 9 shows a work station (WS) 902 and an IC card 901 on the receiving side in a communication system.
Firstly, WS 902 receives a destination indicator through a communication network 917. The destination indicator includes data as below.
______________________________________ Destination indicator = office number 1 .parallel. distribution list 1 .parallel. random value 1 .parallel. key information 1 .parallel. office number 2 .parallel. distribution list 2 .parallel. random value 2 .parallel. key information 2 .parallel. . . . ______________________________________
where symbol .parallel. represents data connection.
After that, on the basis of a value "2" of office identification number 925 and a value "3" of person identification number 926 which have been read out of a memory 903 of the IC card in advance, the WS 902 checks whether this WS is included in objects of destination. For example, it is assumed that the office number 1 assumes a value "2" and the distribution list 1 is a bit sequence of "00 . . . 0101" in the above destination indicator. In this example, the office identification number 925 stored in a memory 914 of the WS 902 assumes a value "2", thus being coincident with the office number 1 in the aforementioned destination indicator. In addition, the person identification number 926 stored in the memory 914 of the WS 902 assumes a value "3" and therefore the third bit, from the lowest, pointed out by this value "3" is referred to in the distribution list 1, thus being found to be "1" . Accordingly, it is determined that the office identification number 925 (value "2") and the person identification number 926 (value "3") are contained in the destination indicator.
Subsequently, the WS 102 transmits the destination indicator of "office number 1 .parallel. distribution list 1 .parallel. random value 1 .parallel. key information 1" in question to the IC card 901. Then, in the IC card 901, a similar check is also carried out by using office identification number 918 (value "2") and person identification number 919 (value "3"). Since in this example "coincidence" results through the check, the following calculation is carried out by using a master key for single office 920:
______________________________________ Work key .rarw. H (master key for single office, office number 1 .parallel. distribution list 1 .parallel. random value 1) Group key .rarw. D (work key, key information 1) ______________________________________
where H (I, M) is an output (hash total) of a hash function H having an initial value of I and an input data of M, and D (K, M) is an output of a decipher function D having a key of K and an input data of M.
The IC card 901 transfers the thus calculated group key to the WS 902. Then, the WS 902 uses this group key (stored in a storage area 927 for group key of the memory 914) to decipher a cipher message transmitted from the communication network 917.
In this manner, the WS 902 in which the IC card 901 is inserted can determine that this WS is in the destination indicator, can generate the key and can decipher the cipher message.
Similarly, even in another WS, if an IC card having the office identification number and the person number included in the destination indicator is inserted in this WS, the processing for generation of the group key can be carried out and as a result the WS is ready to decipher the cipher message from the communication network 917.
Through this, cipher communication from a single originator to a number of receivers can be effected in one to multitude relationship.
Incidentally, in the aforementioned example, one of majority parties in the one to multitude communication cannot be a transmitter. In other words, an IC card and a WS on the receiving side cannot prepare the aforementioned destination indicator. This is because the IC on the receiving side has only one master key for single office which is available for only an office to which this IC card belongs.

Group cipher communication method and group cipher communication system


A method for processing a function with a plurality of execution spaces is disclosed. The method comprises creating an internal compiler representation for the function. Creating the internal compiler representation comprises copying substantially all lexical tokens corresponding to a body of the function. Further, the creating comprises inserting the lexical tokens into a plurality of conditional if-statements, wherein a conditional if-statement is generated for each corresponding execution space of said plurality of execution spaces, and wherein each conditional if-statement determines which execution space the function is executing in. During compilation, the method finally comprises performing overload resolution at a call site of an overloaded function by checking for compatibility with a first execution space specified by one of the plurality of conditional if-statements, wherein the overloaded function is called within the body of the function.

The parallelization of tasks is used to increase the throughput of computer systems. To this end, compilers may extract parallelized tasks from program code to execute in parallel on the system hardware. To increase parallel execution on the hardware, a multi-core architecture may include multiple processor cores, e.g., a CPU, a GPU, a FPGA, etc. When an architecture includes multiple cores of different types it may be referred to as a heterogeneous multi-core architecture.
CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) is a parallel computing platform and heterogeneous programming environment that allows the user to take advantage of the multi-core architecture which may include a CPU and a GPU, for example. Using CUDA, GPUs can be used for general purpose processing, and not exclusively for graphics processing. Thus, using CUDA, developers can develop code that can partially execute on a CPU and partially on a GPU. In other words, some code may be assigned to the CPU while other code may be assigned to the GPU, etc. The CUDA platform is accessible to software developers through, for example, extensions to industry-standard programming languages including C++. CUDA C++, therefore, extends the standard C++ language to target heterogeneous programming.
Similar to CUDA C++, C++ Accelerated Massive Parallelism (C++ AMP) extends the standard C++ language by taking advantage of data parallel hardware such as graphics processing unit (GPU) on a discrete graphics card. By using C++AMP, the programmer can code multi-dimensional data algorithms so that execution can be accelerated by using parallelism on heterogeneous hardware.
In both CUDA C++ and C++ AMP, functions are associated with one or more execution spaces that denote the underlying computing substrate on which the function may be executed. For example, a function could be associated with two different execution spaces, wherein one execution space denotes the CPU computing substrate and the other execution space denotes the GPU computing substrate. The problem with conventional compilers that compile code for heterogeneous programming environments is that their method of processing functions marked with multiple execution spaces is complex and computationally inefficient. For example, conventional compilers will typically need to generate and represent multiple parse trees for each execution space invoked by a function. This is not only complex but also inefficient.

Method and apparatus for compiler processing for a function marked with multiple execution spaces


The bearing assembly includes a bearing carriage having a plurality of spaced bearing races and a manifold secured to at least one end of the bearing carriage having a plurality of spaced bearing surfaces. Each manifold bearing surface is aligned with one of the carriage bearing races and includes a bearing compensator including a collector and a supply groove. A plurality of compensation channels are formed in the manifold. Each compensation channel includes a first end in communication with a collector and a second end in communication with one of four longitudinal passages extending at least partially through the bearing carriage. Each longitudinal passage communicates with a pocket formed on one of the carriage bearing races. When pressurized hydrostatic fluid is supplied to the supply grooves of the bearing manifold, the hydrostatic fluid flows from the supply grooves across a gap defined between the manifold bearing surface and a support rail into a collector where it is directed into a compensation channel. The hydrostatic fluid in the compensation channels is supplied to one of the longitudinal passages formed in the bearing carriage where it is directed to a pocket formed in a respective bearing race of the bearing carriage. The compensation channels are configured to direct fluid from a bearing surface of the manifold to a diametrically opposite bearing race of the bearing carriage to compensate for loading of the bearing carriage.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a linear motion hydrostatic bearing assembly and, more particularly, to a self-compensating linear motion hydrostatic bearing assembly having a manifold which interconnects spaced bearing races of the bearing assembly to compensate for loading of the bearing assembly.
2. Background of Related Art
Linear motion hydrostatic bearings are well known and have been used for many years for the near frictionless movement of masses. Hydrostatic bearings are characterized as having excellent low friction, accuracy, and repeatability characteristics, with a theoretically infinite life. Hydrostatic bearings also have excellent damping characteristics which result from hydrostatic fluid acting as a shock absorber between the apparatus to which the bearing is associated and an applied load.
Typically, hydrostatic bearings maintain the distance between a bearing race and a support rail by supplying a thin pressurized film of fluid into the gap between the bearing race and the support rail. One type of hydrostatic bearing is a self-compensating hydrostatic bearing. Self-compensating hydrostatic bearings respond automatically to a change in bearing gap by changing the flow of fluid to pockets positioned along the bearing races.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,237 ("Slocum") discloses a self-compensating hydrostatic bearing for supporting a bearing carriage along a bearing rail. Slocum's hydrostatic bearing includes geometrically opposed pockets formed in the bearing carriage surfaces facing the bearing rail and compensating units in fluid communication with each of the pockets. Each compensating unit includes an annulus and a hole positioned on the carriage surface. The hole is connected to a pocket positioned on the opposite side of the bearing carriage by a channel formed in the bearing carriage. A constant pressure source of fluid is connected to each annulus to supply fluid to the annulus, where it flows across the bearing gap into the hole and to the opposite side pocket. As a load is applied to the bearing carriage, the resistance of fluid exiting the bearing pocket on the load side increases while the resistance of fluid exiting the bearing pocket on the opposite side decreases. The pressure increases in the pocket on the load side until the differential pressure generated between the two pockets balances. Thus, self-compensation is provided.
Although Slocum's hydrostatic bearing provides self-compensation, the difficulties associated with machining the channels which connect the holes of the compensating units with the pockets positioned on opposite sides of the bearing carriage render the hydrostatic bearing difficult and costly to manufacture.
Accordingly, a need exists for an improved self-compensating hydrostatic bearing which has the ability to compensate for uneven loads and may be manufactured easily and cost effectively.

Manifold for self-compensating hydrostatic bearing with integral compensators


An optoelectronic device, comprising a package body (57) and at least one semiconductor chip (50) arranged on the package body (57). The surface of the package body (57) has a metallized subregion (15) and a non-metallized subregion (20). The package body (57) includes at least two different plastics (53, 54), one of the plastics being non-metallizable (54) and this plastic determining the non-metallized subregion (20). A method for producing such components and a method for the patterned metallization of a plastic-containing body are also provided.

In the case of conventional surface-mountable optoelectronic devices, a prepackaged device is often initially produced by a prefabricated semiconductor frame (leadframe) being encapsulated at least partly by injection-moulding with a suitable plastic material, which plastic material forms at least part of the package of the device. This device has, for example, on the upper side a depression or recess into which leadframe terminals are inserted from two opposite sides, with a semiconductor chip, such as for example an LED chip, being adhesively attached and electrically contacted on one of said terminals. This recess is then generally filled with transparent casting compound. This basic form of surface-mountable optoelectronic devices is known for example from the article "Siemens SMT-TOPLED für die Oberflächenmontage" [Siemens SMT-TOPLED for surface mounting] by "F. Möllmer and G. Waitl, Siemens Components 29 (1991), issue 4, pages 147-149".
Such devices are used as transmitters and receivers, for example in remote controls, light barriers or for data transmission between a cell phone and a computer. If the optoelectronic component is formed as a transmitter, often a narrow-angled radiation characteristic that is as homogeneous as possible is desired. This may also be the case with a component formed as a receiver. In the case of conventional SMT types of construction, this radiation characteristic is frequently achieved by means of a lens mounted for example on the device. Such lens is a premolded plastic which is subject to degradation due to incoming ultraviolet radiation, for example. The resulting diffuse plastic reflector is disadvantageous for projecting the image of the light source via the lens. In addition, the overall height of the optoelectronic device is increased by the lens. Apart from an increased space requirement, there is the disadvantage that the surface of the device is not planar, with the result that it is only with greater difficulty that the process of the "pick and place" method can be used for printed circuit board assembly.
Also known are so-called MIDs (Molded Interconnect Devices), which, by contrast with the devices described above, dispense with a leadframe. In the case of these devices, after the production of a body of plastic of any desired form by means of injection molding, a metallization is applied to the surface of the same.
An optoelectronic device produced by this method and a method for producing the metallization by means of laser patterning of a metallization is known from the article "MID Technology to miniaturize electro-optical devices" by H. Yamanaka, T. Suzuki, S. Matsushima, 4th Intern. Congress on Molded Interconnect Devices MID 2000, Sep. 27 to 28, 2000, pages 129-138. Although the optoelectronic device described in this article can be produced in a simple way, it relies on a lens, as revealed by FIGS. 4 to 6 of this article. The device consequently likewise has the problems described above.

Optoelectronic device with patterned-metallized package body, method for producing such a device and method for the patterned metallization of a plastic-containing body


A system and method for nondestructive inspection of a unitized composite structures is provided. The system includes an infrared thermographic camera and a carriage that can be mounted on, for example, adjacent frames of the unitized composite structure. The carriage can move along the length of the frames while the infrared thermographic camera collects and analyzes thermographic images of the frame, skin, and stiffeners. The carriage can be moved to other frames and the inspection continued until the entire unitized composite structure has be inspected.

A composite structure can be fabricated either as a single unitized composite structure or in multiple parts that must subsequently be assembled. Fabrication of a unitized composite structure, for example an integrally stiffened skin panel, provides several advantages. For example, shorter cycle times and fewer labor requirements reduce manufacturing costs. In addition, manufacturing the unitized composite structure avoids the cost and time associated with use of numerous and varied fasteners.
A unitized composite structure, however, can present inspection challenges. A composite structure needs to be inspected, typically by nondestructive ultrasonic methods. Prior to assembly, ultrasonic transducers have access to all surfaces of the multiple composite parts. With a unitized composite structure, it can be difficult for the transducer to gain access to all surfaces, for example, those near corners. Custom transducers to inspect these areas can be complex and costly. Furthermore, ultrasonic inspection requires the transducer to have access to the exposed surface of the unitized composite structure to transmit and detect ultrasonic waves. Depending on the size and shape of the composite structure, this can be time consuming process.
A cost effective and efficient system and method to nondestructively inspect unitized composite structures would be desirable.

Robotic infrared thermographic inspection for unitized composite structures


The boundary layer of a fluid travelling in a mean-flow direction relative to a surface of a wall of a body is controlled by generating in a near-wall region of the flow a magnetic field B having flux lines parallel to the surface of the wall and an electric current density J traversing the magnetic flux lines in the fluid. An electrolyte or other conductivity-enhancing material is introduced into the flow to provide an electrical conductivity gradient in the near-wall region. The magnetic field B and the electric current density J create in the fluid a force J.times.B having a component normal to the surface of the wall that because of the increased conductivity gradient near the surface can stabilize or destabilize flow in the boundary layer. Numerous aspects of the fluid flow and its interaction with the body can thus be controlled. As examples, shear stress in the fluid at the wall can be decreased, with a corresponding reduction in viscous drag, the characteristics of the acoustic and pressure fields in the fluid surrounding the body can be controlled to reduce noise and fatigue, and boundary layer separation can be inhibited or induced.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a device and method for magnetically controlling the flow of a fluid along a wall and, more particularly, to magnetic control of the boundary layer on aerodynamic bodies (such as wings, rotors and flaps) and hydrodynamic bodies (such as submarine sails, bow-planes, stern appendages and propellers).
2. Description of the Prior Art
A viscous fluid, and a body completely immersed in the fluid, form a boundary layer at the body's surface when the fluid and the body move relative to each other. That is, the layer of fluid in contact with the body is essentially at rest, while in an area removed from the body, the fluid is moving at its free-stream velocity. The region between the body and that area is known as a boundary layer. PG,3
The boundary layer is laminar at low Reynolds' number. (Re=UL/.nu., where U is a characteristic velocity, such as the free-stream velocity, L is a characteristic dimension of the body, such as the length of a wing chord or boat hull, and .nu. is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid.) When the Reynolds' number increases, the boundary layer becomes unstable and turbulent. In some cases, it can "separate" from the body.
FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) illustrate flow over an airfoil. It will be appreciated that the same principles apply whether the fluid is a liquid or a gas and regardless of the shape of the body.
When the airfoil 10 is operating at a small angle of attack .alpha., as shown in FIG. 1(a), the fluid stream 12, with a free-stream velocity U.sub.28, flows smoothly over the upper surface 14 of the airfoil. The downward deflection of the fluid stream by the airfoil causes an equal and opposite upward lift force to act on the airfoil.
As the angle of attack .alpha. increases, as shown in FIG. 1(b), the boundary layer may become turbulent, as indicated by the irregular flow 17. (For purposes of illustration, the boundary layer is depicted in FIG. 1 as much thicker than it is in actuality.) At very high angles of attack the boundary layer may separate from the airfoil, which then stalls. In addition to the loss of lift caused by boundary layer separation, eddies and turbulence 18 develop in the boundary layer.
Instability leading to boundary layer turbulence at a body's surface has several implications.
First, boundary layer turbulence increases viscous drag, which may create the need for additional propulsive force to be applied to the airfoil or other body, which in turn requires more fuel to be expended to maintain the speed of the airplane, submarine, propeller blade, etc., to which the airfoil is attached. Moreover, if the flow separates completely, additional pressure drag is created.
In addition, a turbulent boundary layer exhibits large velocity and pressure fluctuations, which induce noise. Noise can be a significant problem in many environments, one example being submarine control surfaces and propeller screw blades. Pressure fluctuations associated with boundary layer separation can cause vibration, which in turn causes fatigue, which can be a serious problem particularly in metal aircraft parts.
Various approaches have been taken to stabilize boundary layer flow and delay boundary layer separation. One of these approaches includes optimizing the geometry of the airfoil to achieve a maximum possible angle of attack. However, an optimum airfoil shape still only allows the airfoil to operate at limited angles of attack.
Approaches for controlling the boundary layer along a surface of an object have also included providing suction or injection of air through fine slits in the airfoil surface to supply or withdraw energy from the boundary layer. However, in addition to the burden of providing fine slits over the surface of the object, such approaches require extensive tubing networks to supply the force necessary for suction or injection. Accordingly, this approach adds considerably to the overall weight and complexity of the object, which is generally inconsistent with the design objectives of most applications.
The prior art has not yet achieved the capability to provide all of these types of boundary layer control in a very efficient, practical and easily implemented fashion.

Electromagnetic device and method for boundary layer control


A panax notoginsenoside composition for patients having coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, high blood fat, and high cholesterol, consists of 41% by weight of panax notoginsenoside powder extracted from panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. chen ex C. Chow et al, 0.5% by weight of beeswax, 58.48% by weight of peanut oil, and 0.02% by weight of BHT.

The present invention relates to panax notoginseng, and more particularly to a panax notoginsenoside composition consisting of panax notoginsenoside extracted from panax notoginseng.
According to Chinese (herbal) medicine such as Compendium of Materia Medica, panax notoginsenoside extracted from panax notoginseng can help cerebral blood vessel dilatation, increase cerebral blood flow, reduce the oxygen consumption of organism, increase the orgainism""s resistance to oxygen shortage, decrease cerebrovascular resistance, enhance immune function of organism, prevent shock caused by bleeding, and provide functions of resisting thrombus, blood coagulation, and atherosclerosis.
The main object of the present invention is to provide a panax notoginsenoside compound for patients having coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, high blood fat, and high cholesterol, which consists of 41% by weight of panax notoginsenoside powder extracted from panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. chen ex C. Chow et al, 0.5% by weight of beeswax, 58.48% by weight of peanut oil, and 0.02% by weight of BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene).


A method for inserting a first prefix, including segmenting the first prefix into a first plurality of segments, indexing into a first trie node block using a first segment of the first plurality of segments to obtain a first trie node, obtaining a second segment of the first plurality of segments, determining whether the second segment of the first plurality of segments includes contiguous zeros, if the second segment includes contiguous zeros determining a number of contiguous zeros, determining a first skip level using the number of contiguous zeros, and inserting the first skip level into the first trie node.

In Internet communications, electronic packets of data are sent from an originating host to a receiving host by means of the Internet Protocol (IP). IP uses routers to transmit packets from hosts connected to one IP sub-network, or subnet, to hosts connected to different IP sub-networks. When an IP host (the source host) transmits a packet to another IP host (the destination), the source host consults a routing table to determine the IP address of the router that should be used to forward the packet to the destination host.
This IP address lookup is a major bottleneck in high performance routers. The current Internet Protocol, IPv6, specifies a 128-bit IP destination address. In IPv6, the 128-bit address is represented as a series of bytes separated by ":". Further, sets of contiguous zeros can be represented as "::". Address lookup would be simple if each 128-bit IP destination address could be looked up in a table that lists the output link for every assigned Internet address. In such a case, a hashing algorithm could be used for address lookup, but a router would have to keep millions or even billions of trie node blocks. To reduce database size, and the traffic needed to continually update the databases, a router database actually consists of a smaller set of address prefixes. This reduces router database size, but at the cost of requiring a more complex lookup scheme called longest matching prefix.
The longest matching prefix address lookup scheme requires the router to determine which of the prefixes in the router database has the longest exact match when compared to the destination address in the packet. For example, a router database may have the address prefixes P1=0101, P2=0101101, and P3=010110101011. If the first 12 bits of the destination address are 010110101101, the longest matching prefix is P2. But, if the first 12 bits of the destination address are 010110101011, the longest matching prefix is P3.
A number of trie-based techniques (i.e., techniques using trie node blocks to organize pre-fixes within the routing database) have been developed for conducting this longest matching prefix address lookup. The most commonly available address lookup implementation is a radix trie implementation. The radix trie implementation may require up to 128 memory accesses for an address lookup. Although, with binary branching, an implementation having 40,000 address prefixes may only require 16 memory accesses. An extension of the radix trie algorithm, dynamic prefix tries, may also require up to 128 memory accesses for address lookup. The Lulea scheme uses a three-level tree structure for the routing table. This scheme is essentially a three-level fixed-stride trie in which the trie nodes are compressed using a bitmap. Using this structure, a 32-bit address requires at most 12 memory accesses.
One of the more flexible and effective address lookup techniques is controlled prefix expansion. In this technique, tries of a predetermined height (e.g., 8-bits) (and hence with a predetermined number of memory accesses per lookup) are constructed for a prefix set. Dynamic programming algorithms are used to obtain space optimal fixed-stride and variable-stride tries of a given height.

Fast IPv6 address lookup using skip level processing on multi-bit tries


The present invention is applied to an optical disk apparatus which records data on and/or plays back data from one of a variety of DVD optical disks. The present invention generates a binarization threshold S3 by offsetting an envelope S2 of a playback signal RF by an offset voltage V1, and binarizes the playback signal RF (S4) according to the binarization threshold.

Conventionally, management information is recorded in a bar-code form on an inner track of a DVD optical disk, and is used to manage the optical disk.
The management information includes information to inhibit copying data, and identification information unique to the optical disk. As shown in FIG. 1(A), a high-power laser beam from a YAG laser is directed to an inner track inside of the ordinary data recording area of the optical disk, thereby recording the management information by successively evaporating a material on an information recording surface in radial directions. In an ROM disk, the high-power laser beam evaporates a reflective aluminum film. In a recordable disk, the high-power laser beam evaporates a color film and a reflective film (of Au, Ag, etc.). In a rewritable disk, the high-power laser beam evaporates a phase-change film and a reflective film (of Au, Ag, etc.).
In DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM optical disks, the management information is recorded on a BCA (Burst Cutting Area). The BCA is formed within a range of from 22.3 (+0 and −0.8) through 23.5 (+0.1, −0.1) [mm] from the center hole of the disk. In DVD-R and DVD-RW optical disks, the management information is recorded on an NBCA (Narrow Burst Cutting Area). In the DVD-R optical disk, the NBCA is formed within a range of from 22.71 (+0.06, −0.06) through 23.51 (+0.06, −0.06) [mm], and in the DVD-RW optical disk, the NBCA is formed within a range of from 22.7 (+0.05, −0.05) through 23.5 (+0.05, −0.05) [mm].
The management information is recorded using the RZ modulation, and a playback signal RF (see FIGS. 1(B)–1(E)) obtained with tracking servo control deactivated is binarized and played back.
The above-mentioned BCA and NBCA ares are pre-pit areas in the DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM optical disks where embossed pits are formed beforehand. In these optical disks, a variation in signal level due to pits (the variation in the signal level having a short period as shown in FIG. 1(C)) is superimposed on the playback signal RF (BCA) (see FIGS. 1(B) and 1(C)) obtained when the management information is played back. In contrast, in the DVD-R and DVD-RW optical disks having no pits in the concerned area thereof, no similar variations are observed in the playback signal RF (NBCA) (see FIGS. 1(D) and 1(E)) when the management information is obtained. Referring to FIGS. 1(C) and 1(E), T1 is 3±1.5 [μsec], and T2 is 8.89n±2 [μsec], where n is 1, 2, 3 or 4.
The optical disk apparatus that records data to and/or plays back data from a variety of these optical disks must reliably play back data from any of these optical disks.
The playback signal RF obtained from the BCA and NBCA where the management information is recorded has features different from disk type to disk type and from disk to disk. Specifically, the playback signal obtained from the BCA and NBCA varies in the degree of modulation from disk to disk. When the optical disk is decentered, the modulation by the surface of a mirror changes (a variation in the signal level having a large period as shown in FIGS. 1(B) and 1(D)).
In these optical disks, it is difficult to set an appropriate binarization threshold value when the playback signal obtained from the BCA and NBCA is binarized. Consequently, a reliable playback of the management information from a variety of these optical disks is difficult.

Multi-format optical disk device and optical disk recording and/or reproducing method


A wheel brake operated by electric motor for motor vehicles, where the operative braking forces and braking torques as well as the actuator control signals are determined for each wheel brake by appropriate measuring equipment. On the basis of these signals, implausible deviations are detected by comparison, and the faulty signal is recognized and treated appropriately by using the corresponding signals of the other wheel brake of the same and/or the additional axle(s).

Electric motor wheel brakes for motor vehicles are known. For example, World Patent No. WO-A 94/24453 describes a wheel brake where the brake application force is generated by an electric motor. If the brake system of a motor vehicle is composed of such electric motor wheel brakes, special attention must be devoted to reliable functioning of such a brake system to guarantee vehicular driving stability of the vehicle when braking in the partial braking range.
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to design a brake system of electric motor wheel brakes in such a way as to guarantee driving stability of the vehicle in braking and uniform brake wear.


A Osteospermum cultivar particularly distinguished by pink flowers with spoon-shaped petals, early flowering, good garden performance and a compact plant habit is disclosed.

The present invention comprises a new and distinct cultivar of osteospermum, botanically known as Osteospermum hybrida, and hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name 'Astra Candy Spoon'. 'Astra Candy Spoon' originated from a polycross breeding system in March 2003 in Quedlinburg, Germany. The female parent was an osteospermum plant with purple spoon flowers.
The new cultivar was first propagated in summer of 2006 from mother stock and has been asexually reproduced through vegetative cuttings for four generations. The present invention has been found to retain its distinctive characteristics.

Osteospermum plant named ‘Astra Candy Spoon’


The system for providing calling party privacy during subscriber call screening for a central office switching system enables a subscriber to monitor and intercept the last forwarded, active call to the Voice Messaging System, while providing the calling party with privacy as the voice messaging system provides the prerecorded instructions/message to the calling party. The calling party privacy feature delays call screening alerting to the subscriber to prevent the subscriber from monitoring the call connection until the calling party is recording their message on the voice messaging system. Depending on the method used, once the calling party privacy feature requirements are satisfied, the subscriber call screening system notifies the subscriber of the presence of a calling party who is recording a message for the subscriber on the Voice Messaging System.

This invention relates to telephone switching systems served by a Voice Messaging System which enables a calling party to leave a message for a subscriber and, in particular, to a subscriber call screening system that allows a subscriber to monitor the message being recorded by the calling party and ensures calling party privacy during voice mail announcements.
There is a need in the field of telephone switching systems to provide the subscriber with increased functionality beyond the simple recording of messages from a calling party. In particular, the traditional answering machine system served as the mechanism to enable a calling party to alert the subscriber that a call was attempted, in the form of a brief audio message from the calling party regarding the reason for the call and the identity of the calling party. The subscriber can then later activate the answering machine system to retrieve these recorded messages. Customer premises-based answering machines typically also provide a rudimentary call screening capability. In particular, the answering machine outputs the entirety of the message recording transaction via a loudspeaker during the message recording process. This enables the subscriber to listen to the message as it is being recorded, and optionally pick up the telephone to barge in on the call connection and speak to the calling party.
In contrast, voice messaging services that are provided by centralized switching apparatus, such as central office switching systems and customer-premises switching systems, do not enable a subscriber to listen to and/or screen an incoming voice message as the calling party is presently recording the message. These central office switching systems redirect the incoming call connection to the voice messaging system as soon as the central office switching system call processing indicates that the voice message function is required. Thus, the traditional central office switching system based voice messaging systems simply enable a calling party to leave a message which the subscriber can later retrieve. The ability to screen calls forwarded to a voice messaging system has been requested by the telephone operating companies to increase the market penetration of revenue enhancing voice mail systems. Such a central office switching system based voice messaging call screening service has been generically proposed in GR-1512-Core, for Call Screening.
The problem that needs to be addressed is a privacy issue with regard to the call screening capability for calls forwarded to voice messaging systems. The calling party has an expectation of privacy during the time the voice messaging system provides the prerecorded instructions/message to the calling party and is thus likely to speak freely, not expecting their comments to be overheard or recorded during this process. If the subscriber can monitor the voice messaging connection, during this time interval, the calling party""s comments are conveyed to the subscriber without the calling party being aware of this condition. Thus, in the field of central office switching systems, there is no capability to provide the calling party with privacy, as the voice messaging system provides the prerecorded instructions to the calling party.
The above-described problem is solved and a technical advance achieved by the calling party privacy feature of a subscriber call screening system for a central office switching system, which enables a subscriber to monitor and intercept the last forwarded, active call to the Voice Messaging System, while providing the calling party with privacy as the voice messaging system provides the prerecorded instructions/message to the calling party. The calling party privacy feature delays call screening alerting to the subscriber to prevent the subscriber from monitoring the call connection until the calling party is recording their message on the voice messaging system. Depending on the method used, once the calling party privacy feature requirements are satisfied, the subscriber call screening system notifies the subscriber of the presence of a calling party who is recording a message for the subscriber on the Voice Messaging System.

System for ensuring calling party privacy in a call screening system


The present disclosure provide a method and device for optimal selection of fracturing stage clusters of continental shale oil horizontal well. The method includes: acquiring data information of a horizontal well to be fractured and data information of a key cored well; constructing a fracturing cluster evaluation index for the horizontal well according to the data information of the horizontal well to be fractured and the data information of the key cored well; and determining distribution of fracturing clusters and perforated interval clusters using the fracturing cluster evaluation index in conjunction with a principle of differential construction of horizontal well clusters. With the method and the device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the problems of waste of resources and poor effect of oil production by fracturing, caused by uniform or overly dense distribution of clusters are solved.

With continuous increase of the conventional oil and gas exploration degree, the difficulty and cost of exploration are becoming increasingly higher with each passing day. Looking for new substitutes has become an important issue that leads the direction of oil and gas exploration today. Unconventional oil and gas such as shale oil and gas and tight oil and gas have the characteristics of rich oil and gas resources, a great potential for exploration, and a low degree of exploration. With continuous improvement of exploration technology and deepening of understanding, unconventional oil and gas such as shale oil and gas have become one of important substitutes in the field of oil and gas. Currently, the global technically recoverable reserves of shale oil are 46.9 billion tons, including 4.48 billion tons in China. Most of unconventional oil and gas in continental lake basins in China are in large-area, low-abundance, and dispersed distribution in mud shale formations in the semi-deep lake-deep lake fine-grained sedimentary areas, and are locally enriched to form sweet spots, which have typical characteristics of extremely low porosity and extremely low permeability, so volume fracturing transformation of horizontal wells in the sweet spot distributed areas is the key to efficient exploration and development of shale oil and gas. Relevant development experience also shows that a technique of staged volume fracturing of a horizontal well is the most effective technology for greatly increasing the production of a single well, reducing the number of wells, saving land resources, and protecting the ecological environment, and is the key to the effective use of low-grade unconventional resources. However, whichever of a method of uniformly designing clusters or a method of designing as many clusters as possible is adopted for a horizontal interval, the effect is not satisfactory. Therefore, it has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the industry to develop a method for optimal selection of fracturing stage clusters of a horizontal well, whereby stage clusters can be optimally selected for fracturing of the horizontal well, and the problems of waste of resources and poor effect of oil production by fracturing, caused by uniform or overly dense distribution of clusters are avoided.

Method and apparatus for optimal selection of fracturing stage clusters of continental shale oil horizontal well


A transfer tool of the present invention comprises a pair of cases, and a hinge which connects the cases such that they can relatively move between a use position and an open position, wherein an outer edge of one of the first and second cases is provided outward of the hinge, a portion of the one case located outward of the hinge and an outer edge of a portion in the vicinity of the portion of the one case located outward of the hinge as a hinge corresponding portion are continuous with an outer edge of another portion of the one case, and a hinge corresponding portion of the other case is provided with an retraction space which can receive the hinge corresponding portion of the one case.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a transfer tool having a pair of cases, and a hinge which connects the cases such that they can relatively move between a use position and an open position.
2. Background of the Related Art
Conventionally, there are conceived various transfer tools. In a transfer tool, a transfer tape supplied from a supply reel rotatable around a spindle is wound around a winding reel through a transfer head. In order to be replaceable at least the transfer tape and the supply reel around which the transfer tape is wound, the transfer tool includes a first case, a second case which pairs off with the first case, and a hinge which connects the first case and the second case such that they can relatively move between a use position and an open position. In a state where the first and second cases are disposed in the use position, the transfer tape and the supply reel are held in the first and second cases. See Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2006-248182 for example.
According to the structure described in the Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2006-248182, the hinge projects outward from the first and second cases. If such a structure is employed, the movable range of the first and second cases can be set to 180° or greater. However, if the first and second cases are disposed in the use position, since the hinge projects outward with respect to other portions, its outward appearance is marred, and when the transfer tool is grasped, a hand and the hinge interfere with each other, and there is a problem that it is not easy for a user to hold the transfer tool.
To solve such a problem, it seems to be an appropriate structure that the hinge is provided inside of the outer edges of the first and second cases. However, when this structure is employed, if the first and second cases are relatively moved toward the open position, the first and second cases interfere with each other before the phase is varied through 180° from the use position and they can not move further. That is, according to this structure, the movable range of the first and second cases can not be set to 180° or greater, therefore, there is another problem that when the supply reel is replaced by new one or when a refill having the supply reel is replaced by new one, a sufficient opening can not be secured, such a replacing operation can not easily be carried out.


The present invention is related to an inhibitor of the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase SHIP2 protein or its encoding nucleotide sequence identified by SEQ ID NO. 1 or of SHIP2 mRNA expression. The present invention is also related to a pharmaceutical composition comprising said inhibitor and an adequate pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and to a non-human knock-out mammal comprising homozygously or heterozygously a partial or total deletion in its genome of the inositol polyphoshate 5-phosphatase SHIP2 nucleotide sequence.

Insulin is the primary hormone involved in glucose homeostasis. Partial or total deficiency in insulin secretion or action leads to impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes.
Diabetes is a major cause of health difficulties in the world. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM also referred to as Type 2diabetes) is a major public health disorder of glucose homeostasis affecting about 5% of the general population in the United States. The causes of the fasting hyperglycemia and/or glucose intolerance associated with this form of diabetes are not well understood.
Clinically, NIDDM is a heterogeneous disorder characterised by chronic hyperglycemia leading to progressive micro- and macro-vascular lesions in the cardiovascular, renal and visual systems as well as diabetic neuropathy. For these reasons, the disease may be associated with early morbidity and mortality.
In the field of genomics, various mutations in the diabetes susceptibility genes were identified, for instance in the hepatocyte nucleotide factor genes family (HNF-1, HNF-4 and HNF-6) as described in documents W
The role of said genes in biochemical pathways affecting synthesis or secretion of insulin by the beta cells of Langerhans islets has been identified by the phenotype analysis of knock-out mice wherein said genes or portions thereof have been deleted from their genome.
Said knock-out mammal are thereafter used as models for the identification of new compounds or new methods of treatment which could be used for decreasing the symptoms resulting from diabetes.
It is also possible to use the corresponding identified genes which will be present in a sufficient amount in a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment and/or the prevention of said disease.
However, in this field, it exists a need for the identification of new target and biological pathways which could be used for improving the treatment and/or the prevention of diabetes.
Type 2 SH2-domain-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase or SHIP2 is closely linked to phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase and Shc/ras/MAP kinase-mediated signaling events in response to stimulation by specific growth factors.
The structure of SH2-domain containing enzymes and presenting a phosphatase catalytic activity has been already described by Pesesse et al. (1997 and 1998) and Erneux et al. (1998).
It is known that said SH2-domain containing proteins shows similarity with another known inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase identified as molecule SHIP1 and shows also 99% identity to a previously reported sequence (INPPL-1). INPPL-1 however, did not contain an SH2 domain.
Said new sequence will be identified hereafter as the molecule SHIP2. The other known inositol 5-phosphatase SHIP1 has been the subject of an intensive research because it may be possibly involved in negative Signalling of B immune cells and could be therefore used as target for the screening of new molecules having possibly therapeutical and/or prophylactic properties in the treatment of various immune inflammatory or allergic symptoms and diseases.
Toshiyasusasaoka et al. (Diabetes Vol. 84, No. PPA 60 (1999)(XP 000905226)) describe the cloning characterisation of a rat SHIP2 molecule that does not have the SAM domain present in human SHIP2. They show that overexpression of the SHIP2 molecule inhibits insulin-induced PKB activation by the 5-inositol phosphatase activity of SHIP2. The authors suggest that SHIP2 plays a negative regulatory role in diverse biological action of insulin and that the dual regulation of the SHC-Grb2 complex and downstream molecule of PI3-kinase provides possible mechanisms of SHIP2 molecule to participate in insulin signalling.
The international patent application WO 97/12039 describes the purification and the isolation of the nucleic acid molecules comprising a sequence encoding the SH2-containing inositol-phosphatase, a vector comprising said sequence, a cell transformed by said vector and a purified and isolated SH2-containing inositol-phosphatase molecule expressed by said cell. This document describes also antibodies directed against said protein and a method for identifying a substance capable of binding to said protein.
However, the precise functions of said SH2-domain containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase SHIP2 has not yet been identified.

Inhibitors of the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase SHIP2 molecule


A copying machine includes an original feeding unit for feeding an original to a platen, a reading unit for reading an image of the original fed by the original feeding unit, a reducing unit for reducing the image supplied from the reading unit, a storing unit for storing a plurality of images supplied from the reducing unit in a predetermined area, an input unit for entering information regarding an orientation of the images of the original, a control unit for use in changing the area where the image is to be stored by the storing unit depending on the information regarding the orientation supplied from the input unit, and a recording unit for recording a plurality of images stored in the storing unit on a single sheet.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a copying machine adapted to copy images of two or more originals on a single sheet of paper.
2. Related Background Art
Conventionally, digital copying machines have been known that are capable of laying out images of two or more originals of a same size in an image memory to print them on a single sheet of paper.
The above mentioned conventional copying machines, however, unable to lay out images of the two or more originals that are different in size from each other in the image memory for printing.
In addition, orientation of the original may be portrait as shown in FIG. 51A or landscape as shown in FIG. 51B. To print the images of such originals on a single sheet of paper, the orientation of the original images becomes improper when a layout of the images in FIG. 51A is used for the images shown in FIG. 51B.

Copying machine adapted to copy images of two or more originals on a single sheet of paper


A method for making a non-peelable, sterilizable receptacle having a low particulate count for receiving articles for storage in pharmaceutical intermediate processing. This method involves providing a continuous first web of polyolefin film, providing a continuous second porous web of spun-bonded polyolefin film. The webs are advanced through cleaning processes that include an anti-static device, an ultrasonic vibrating device and a vacuum device. The two clean webs are then brought together and passed into the heat sealing section. The webs are heated welded together by forming continuous seams on the webs to form an open pouch. The seams are made by applying opposing platens at a pressure between about 30 to about 40 psi to both the webs and a heat welding element at a temperature of about 330.degree. to about 380.degree. F. against only the first web. This causes the first web to melt into the pores of the second web. The seams are then cooled to produce a welded seam having a pull resistance of greater than five pounds per linear inch. The webs welded are then cut in between the seams to form the receptacle.

Currently, there is a severe deficiency in the packaging used in clean room sterilizing facilities. There is an abundance of packaging materials that are sterilizable and used in the medical industry for sterile presentation of surgical instruments. However, this packaging is generally inadequate for use in clean room sterilizing facilities. Many pharmaceutical and sterilizer clean rooms are class 100 or better, yet the items they sterilize are put in packaging produced in non-clean room environments. These items include a variety of pharmaceutical glassware, plasticware, containment and closure of devices for drugs, such as vials, syringes, rubber stoppers, and the like.
Presently, the sterilizable bag of choice for use in pharmaceutical clean rooms is a paper/polyester structure. The problem with this structure is the use of paper, even low shedding versions, introduces large quantities of particles into the environment and is not suitable for clean room work surfaces. Clearly, products can be only as clean, or as particulate free, as a package they are put in.
This paper/polyester sterilizable bag has several needs for improvement. The paper sheds a great deal of fiber particles and is unsuitable for many clean applications. The paper to polyester seal may be very weak and unable to carry large loads without failure. The paper tears easily when wet from being sterilized in steam autoclaves. This causes sterile quality assurance issues. Moreover, the paper only allows the effective transfer of steam in a narrow temperature range making sterilization questionable in steam autoclaves that are not tightly controlled.
Another packaging structure available is a polypropylene bag with a small TYVEK.RTM. window. This bag has only a heat tack weld between the TYVEK and the polypropylene resulting in weak seams that may fail. Also, the small window requires a longer sterilization time, and there is an added risk of residual gas plumes when ethylene oxide (ETO) is used for sterilization.
Another structure for use in pharmaceutical clean rooms is a steel tray with a breather window that is usually made of spun bond polypropylene. Because of the small breather window, larger differential pressures are needed to drive either the gas or steam in and out of the package during sterilization cycles. Also, longer sterilization times and drying times are required. And, there is the added risk of residual gas plumes emanating from-the tray, which may be hazardous to employees. Moreover, the steel trays are expensive and not adaptable for use with a variety of articles.
Another structure that is commonly used for sterile presentation of surgical instruments is the TYVEK/polyester peelable pouch, also known as a "Chevron" pouch. This pouch has one whole side made of polyester or other polymer film and the opposing side made of TYVEK. This product also has several drawbacks in clean room applications. The seals between the TYVEK and polyester film are generally designed to be peelable. This means that the seals are weak and may fail when carrying a load, especially after being sterilized. Even during sterilization, the seals may "blow out" if excessive pressure differentials are used, which limits the efficiency and lengthens the time required for sterilization cycles. Also, when the seals are peeled apart, TYVEK particles are generated in proximity to products inside the pouch. Finally, these products are generally not manufactured in clean room conditions and thus, have high particulate counts.
As may be understood from the above description, gas pervious materials are combined in these structures and adapted for gas or steam sterilization of the products contained inside. Fibrous polymer webs, such as spun-bonded polyolefins, and in particular a type of polyethylene known as "TYVEK 1059B or TYVEK 1073B", available from DuPont, Wilmington, Del., are useful for gas and steam sterilization. Such spun-bonded polyolefins are pervious to sterilizing gases such as ethylene oxide, steam, or dry heat while being impervious to bacteria and other contaminants. TYVEK 1059B and TYVEK 1073B, in particular, both have a pore size less than about 0.22 microns, which is sufficiently small to be impervious to bacteria and other major contaminants, while large enough to allow the flow of sterilizing gas and steam.
Although TYVEK has many advantages for use in this application, there are many drawbacks to avoid that caused many manufacturers to develop complicated structures. One drawback is the difficulty to make strong seals between TYVEK and other films without tearing or compromising the integrity of the TYVEK to bacteria infiltration. In obtaining-a strong heat seal or heat weld with TYVEK, when it is put under heat and pressure, it compresses fast and causes a stress point or a weak point that results in a failed seal. Another problem arises when attempting to make a strong seal by heat welding TYVEK to other materials that are not compatible of TYVEK due to different chemical structures and different melting temperatures. One way to avoid such problems is to make bags that have inherently weak seals or peelable seals. Therefore, the use of peelable structures is very common in the industry. The TYVEK layer can be coated with an adhesive or another polymer film to create a light tack weld to the underlying layer. Even un-coated, the TYVEK will create a weak tack weld with incompatible underlying films. But in these cases, the weld is not as strong as a hermetic, heat weld seal that would be desirable for pharmaceutical intermediate processing.
In attempting to obtain a strong seal between TYVEK and the opposing polymer film, there are numerous problems to overcome. Traditionally, most heat sealing machines apply heat both to top and bottom of the plastic film in between to heat and melt both the top layer and bottom layer together. However, when TYVEK is one of the layers, there is a lot of problems with getting a good hermetic seal. In a microscopic view, TYVEK is not a smooth film. There is a lot of variation in its gauge. Although it's typically produced to an average of 6.6 mil thickness, there is a lot of variation in the thickness because it's spun-bonded. There are areas where it is only 4 mils thick and there are other areas that may be 10 mils thick. In trying to make a seal, a uniform pressure and temperature is applied across the TYVEK. The high points of the surface come in close contact with the heating element but the low points do not. Portions of the TYVEK are compressed, with some portions heavily crushed and other portions slightly crushed. Often, there are tears and rips in the TYVEK from the excessive sheer stress, pressures and heat. Also, there are often pin holes created due to these variations in thickness, tearing and melted TYVEK flowing away from stress points. These pin holes and tears compromise the sterilizable bag's ability to resist the infusion of bacteria and contaminants after it has been sterilized. Even the strongest of these prior art seals with TYVEK has a pull resistance less than about four pounds per linear inch. Placing a heavy load of articles in these bags can pull apart that seal. Likewise, subjecting the bags to even normal differential pressures of--14 inches Hg during the sterilization cycles can cause the bag to inflate and pull apart or tear the seals.
Another problem with TYVEK used with prior art bags is that when the bags are manufactured with a peelable seal, the TYVEK can shed particles when the seal is opened, causing TYVEK fibers to get inside the bag and onto the sterilized clean product and articles inside. One should avoid particles from getting inside vials that are supposed to contain drugs for injection into human bodies. Moreover, because TYVEK has peaks and valleys and is not a smooth surface, a lot of particles like to stick in the valleys so that TYVEK has associated with it a lot of unclean particles that can shake loose and contaminate the articles being stored inside bags made with TYVEK. Again, the typical solution for this is to put a layer of perforated plastic film between the TYVEK and the article inside the bag. This ultimately requires the manufacture of a more complicated structure. And even the film that is between the TYVEK and the contents may not be clean. A lot of polymer films that are used in these structures generate high static charges that can attract minute particles which are difficult to dislodge except when clean articles having opposite charges are placed inside the bag. Then, the dirty particles jump off the polymer films and right onto the articles placed in the bag.
Therefore, there is a need for a sterilizable bag for use in this pharmaceutical secondary processing market that is simple and has a large gas permeable area, yet is impervious to bacteria and other contaminants. The large area reduces the time of sterilization cycles, thereby reducing operating costs. This bag must also have a very low particulate count to keep the contaminants from being carried to the articles from the surface of the bag. Also, there is a need for these bags to have strong seals which can withstand high differential pressures in aggressive sterilization cycles, and contain large quantities of articles that may be placed in the bag and stored for long periods.

Method for making a non-peelable, sterilizable bag