In a resist deposition machine, an edge rinse mechanism comprising a cover covering and surrounding an exfoliating-agent discharging nozzle and having an opening formed at a position in the proximity of a peripheral edge portion of a wafer held on a vacuum chuck, and a forced-exhausting tube coupled to the cover. In an edge rinsing operation, the peripheral edge portion of the wafer is accommodated through the opening into an inside of the cover, and a resist exfoliating agent is discharged from the exfoliating-agent discharging nozzle to a peripheral portion of a resist film formed on the wafer held on the vacuum chuck, so that a dissolved resist material and the resist exfoliating agent are scattered into the inside of the cover, and forcibly exhausted from the cover through the forced-exhausting tube. Thus, it is possible to prevent the dissolved resist material and the resist exfoliating agent from adhering on a resist pattern formation zone of the resist film formed on the wafer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an edge rinse mechanism, and more specifically to an edge rinse mechanism for removing only a peripheral portion of a resist film formed on a whole surface of a semiconductor wafer for a semiconductor device.
2. Description of Related Art
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a diagrammatic vertical sectional view of a prior art edge rinse mechanism incorporated in a resist deposition machine. This edge rinse mechanism is used for removing only a peripheral portion 2b of a resist film 2 deposited on the whole of a principal surface of a semiconductor wafer 1 so that a central portion 2a of the resist film 2 remains on the principal surface of the semiconductor wafer 1. Here, the central portion 2a of the resist film 2 corresponds to a resist pattern formation zone, and the peripheral portion 2b of the resist film 2 corresponds to a zone excluding the resist pattern formation zone.
In brief, the shown resist deposition machine includes a vacuum chuck 3a for sucking and holding the wafer 1 on an upper surface thereof. This vacuum chuck 3a is fixed to a vertical rotating shaft 3b, which is driven by a motor 3c, so that the chuck 3a and hence the wafer 1 are rotated by the motor 3c. The resist deposition machine also includes a cup 4 surrounding the chuck 3a and hence the wafer 1 held on the vacuum chuck 3a, separately from the wafer 1 held on the vacuum chuck 3a, and an exfoliating-agent discharging nozzle 5 directed to discharge a resist exfoliating agent 6 toward the peripheral portion 2b of the resist film 2 formed on the wafer 1 held on the vacuum chuck 3a.
In an edge rinsing operation of the above mentioned prior art edge rinse mechanism, the resist exfoliating agent 6 is discharged from the nozzle 5 while the wafer 1 which has the resist film 2 deposited on the whole principal surface thereof and which is sucked and held with the vacuum chuck 1, is rotated together with the vacuum chuck 1, so that only the peripheral portion 2b of the resist film 2 is dissolved, and on the other hand, the dissolved resist material and the resist exfoliating agent 6 are scattered radially outward from a periphery of the wafer 1 by action of a centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the wafer 1.
In this rinsing process, the scattered resist material and the scattered resist exfoliating agent 6 collide against an inner wall of the cup 4 and are bounded by the inner wall of the cup 4 so that, as designated with Reference Numeral "2c" in FIG. 2, the resist material and the resist exfoliating agent 6 adhere on the central portion 2a of the resist film 2, namely, the resist pattern formation zone, with the result that a concaveconvex is formed on an upper surface of the resist pattern formation zone 2a, which will cause a patterning defective.
Under the above mention circumstance, Japanese Patent Application Pre-examination Publication No. JP-A-01-214023, (the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this application, and also an English abstract of JP-A-01-214023 is available from the Japanese Patent Office and the content of the English abstract of JP-A-01-214023 is also incorporated by reference in its entirety into this application) proposes to locate a cylindrical cover to cover the resist pattern formation zone 2a from a position above the wafer 1, in order to prevent the scattered resist material and the scattered resist exfoliating agent 6 from adhering on the resist pattern formation zone 2a by action of the cylindrical cover. However, this approach is disadvantageous in that the resist material and the resist exfoliating agent 6 adhere and are piled up on the cylindrical cover. In addition, a drive mechanism for displacing and positioning the cylindrical cover is located directly above the resist pattern formation zone 2a. As a result, another problem is encountered in that the deposits on the cylindrical cover and dust generated from the drive mechanism will fall down and adhere on the resist pattern formation zone 2a.
In another proposed example, an inner cup having a number of small perforations is located at an inside of the cup 4, and is rotated at a high speed, so that by action of a centrifugal force, deposits such as the resist material deposited on the inner cup are caused to be scattered outward at the same time as the deposition, with the result that the material is prevented from being bounded to the resist pattern formation zone 2a by action of the inner cup. In this second proposal, however, if the resist material deposits on the rotating inner cup, the small perforations are clogged, so that a cup exhausting pressure and a wind speed vary, with the result that it becomes difficult to ceaselessly realize a uniform film thickness.

Edge rinse mechanism for removing a peripheral portion of a resist film formed on a wafer


A dispersant composition for use as a lubricant additive. The dispersant composition includes a reaction product of an acrylamide and a compound having at least one primary or secondary amine group and being selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimides, hydrocarbyl-substituted amines, and Mannich base adducts derived from hydrocarbyl-substituted phenols condensed with aldehydes and amines. The hydrocarbyl substituent has a number average molecular weight ranging from about 500 to about 5000 as determined by gel permeation chromatography.

Dispersants are important additives for lubricant compositions. Dispersants maintain impurities and deposits in a suspended state so that they can be removed from the system by filtration or other means rather than being deposited on internal engine components, gears, and transmissions.
Of the dispersants commonly used in lubricant applications, polymeric Mannich base additives, hydrocarbyl amine adducts, and hydrocarbyl succinic acid derivatives provide desirable properties for such applications. Mannich base dispersants are typically produced by reacting alkyl-substituted phenols with aldehydes and amines, such as is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,539,633; 3,697,574; 3,704,308; 3,736,535; 3,736,357; 4,334,085; and 5,433,875.
Hydrocarbyl succinic acid based dispersants are derived by alkylating, for example, maleic anhydride, acid, ester or halide with an olefinic hydrocarbon to form an acylating agent as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,071,919.
Despite the wide variety of dispersants available for lubricant applications, there remains a need for improved dispersants for gear and transmission lubricants and particularly for crankcase lubricant applications.

Hydrocarbyl dispersants including pendant polar functional groups


The present invention includes a bollard assembly 1 containing an an elongated housing 4. A bollard 2 is spaced radially inward of the housing 4 and is axially displaceable therein. A threaded drive shaft receiver 32 is centrally fixed within the housing 4 for threaded reception of a threaded drive shaft 30. The threaded drive shaft 30 is thereby suspended within the housing 4 and threadedly received by the receiver 32. Upon activation of the drive shaft 30 operably connected to the bollard 2, rotation of the drive shaft 30 establishes simultaneous vertical displacement of the drive shaft 30 and the bollard 2.

A bollard is typically employed to prevent vehicular traffic inward or past the point of the bollard. Accordingly, any building or structure that requires protection may be protected by a plurality of bollards deployed about the periphery thereof. From a design standpoint, bollards must be strong enough to prevent and/or substantially slow movement of a vehicle between the bollard and the structure to be protected. Furthermore, periodically, vehicular access is desired and therefore the bollards must be designed in retractable fashion, thereby permitting vehicular travel over the recessed bollard.
Several retractable bollard designs are known and employ various deployment methods including hydraulic or pressurized gas means. Hydraulic bollards are disadvantaged by seals that sometimes deteriorate and result in a loss of hydraulic fluid pressure. On the other hand, bollards supported by gaseous pressure are disadvantaged by the loss of volume sometimes exhibited as ambient temperatures decrease. As with a loss of hydraulic pressure, the efficacy of the bollard comes into question as the supporting fluidic pressure is reduced. Furthermore, retractable bollards that function based on fluidic pressure must be maintained to ensure operability over extended periods of time.


An electroluminescent device having a phosphor layer including a phosphor material and a pair of electrodes for applying a voltage to the foregoing phosphor layer wherein an acetylacetonato complex salt is included in the phosphor layer to realize an electroluminescent device with high luminance. Further, the EL device realizes an electroluminescent device with higher luminance by constructing the foregoing phosphor layer so as to contain acetylacetonato complex salt, in which ligands coordinate with a trivalent metal atom, particularly a metal atom of Group III or Group XIII as the foregoing acetylacetonato complex salt.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to an electroluminescent device, and specifically to an electroluminescent device using an inorganic phosphor material.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, electroluminescent devices (hereinafter, referred to as an EL device) receive attention as a surface-emitting device of a light weight and a low-profile. The EL devices are broadly divided into an organic EL device using an organic phosphor material as a phosphor material and an inorganic EL device using an inorganic phosphor material as a phosphor material. Among others, dispersion type inorganic EL devices (hereinafter, referred to as a dispersion type EL device), in which a phosphor layer is formed by a screen printing method or the like using a phosphor material paste, receive attention since they have advantages that power consumption is low and further a manufacturing cost is low because of easy manufacturing. The dispersion type EL devices, however, had a problem that they cannot be applied to displays such as a television set requiring high luminance due to low luminance brightness.
And so, there have been proposed various approaches in order to resolve this issue. For example, in Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. 2001-185358, there is disclosed a dispersion type EL device in which higher luminance is realized by increasing a voltage applied to a phosphor layer by enhancing a dielectric constant of a layer of a phosphor material using a phosphor material coated with PbTiO3.

Electroluminescent device with acetylacetonato complex salt included in phosphor layer


A child safety restraint system is provided for a car seat, and a method of using the same. The restraint system comprises a left and a right shoulder straps that are coupled with the seat, and pass over the left and right sides of the child. The shoulder straps are complete loops that are wrapped around the back cushion of the car seat. A crotch strap is coupled with the seat and passes between the thighs of the child. The crotch strap terminates in a loop passing through the car seat belt that is fastened to itself. A left and a right buckle are slidably coupled with the shoulder straps. A crotch buckle is coupled with the crotch strap, and is fastened together with the left and right buckles. The shoulder straps are passed over the sides of the child, the crotch strap is pulled up between the thighs, and the crotch buckle is fastened together with the left and right buckles.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to the field of safety restraint systems for automobile seats, and specifically to a restraint system for a child and a method of using the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Safety restraint systems are used in automobiles for the safety of the passengers in the event of a collision. A prior art safety system is now described referring to FIGS. 1 and 2.
A car seat 10 comprises a bottom cushion 12 and a back cushion 14. The back cushion defines a top edge 18, a bottom edge 20, a right side 22 and a left side 24. The bottom cushion and the back cushion define between them a space 26.
The safety system of car seat 10 is a seat belt 30, which has a buckle 32. The seat belt is inadequate for use by children, because it is not refined enough. It provides only one line of contact with their bodies, which is not enough. Children's bodies are not strong enough to brace against a single line of contact.
One solution provided for very small children is a car child seat, such as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,033,622, the teachings of which are hereby incorporated in the present document by reference. The child car seat is attached to the car seat by attaching it to the seat belt, which is fastened to itself.
Neither a seat belt, however, nor a child cat seat address the safety concerns of a child that is too tall for a car seat, yet still not well developed enough to the point where the seat belt is adequate.

Child safety restraint system for car seat and method of using the same


A method for evaluating an odor generated when using a self-tanning agent, wherein at least one compound selected from pyrazine compounds represented by the following general formula (1) is used as an indicator substance:

In North America or Europe, there is a tendency that brown skin, which has been healthily tanned, is preferred. However, there is a concern that a suntan resulting from sunbathing or a tanning machine can cause cutaneous cancer or freckles by the effect of ultraviolet rays. Thus, a self-tanning agent is favorably used, which is capable of rendering the color of the skin a natural and healthy brown color similar to the color based on a suntan, without being affected by ultraviolet rays.
The self-tanning agent is also referred to as a sunless tanning agent, and is a skin cosmetic for coloring the skin. In many cases, as a component thereof for turning the skin into a brown color, dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is used alone, or is used together with erythrulose or some other components. When dihydroxyacetone is used together with erythrulose, usually, dihydroxyacetone is mixed at a higher concentration than erythrulose. By effect of these components, the stratum corneum of the skin becomes colored brown. It is said that this coloring is generally advanced by a browning reaction, and is caused by the generation of a polymer having a structure similar to that of a brown colorant called melanoidin. However, details of the reaction mechanism thereof have hardly been elucidated. For reference, in the field of food chemistry, a browning reaction is also called Maillard reaction. The browning reaction generally means a reaction through which a nitrogen-containing compound, such as an amino acid or a protein, and a reducing sugar are polymerized to generate melanoidin.
Sometimes, when a self-tanning agent is used, a distinct unpleasant odor is generated, and this causes a problem. Hitherto, however, little research and few reports have been made about unpleasant odors generated when this self-tanning agent is used. Thus, improvement of the technique is desired.
D. M. Hindenlang and M. E. McDonnell, Cosmetics & Toiletries magazine, 2008, Vol. 123, No. 7, p. 67-74, states that it is difficult to mask the odor generated when a self-tanning agent is used. However, this document does not have a description about the causative substance of the odor.
In the field of food, research has been made about the Maillard reaction, which is generated by a reducing sugar and an amino acid. H. E. Nursten, Food Chemistry, 1981, 6(3), 263-277, states that through a Maillard reaction between a dicarbonyl compound and an amino acid, a pyrazine compound is generated. However, the document does not have a description about a relationship between the pyrazine compound and any self-tanning agent. S. Fors, Sensory Properties of Volatile Maillard Reaction Products and Related Compounds, "The Maillard Reaction in Foods and Nutrition" (ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 215), Chapter 12, pp. 185-286 Publication Date (Print): Apr. 29, 1983, describes odors obtained by Maillard reaction in the field of food chemistry. In this document, it is stated that a pyrazine compound emits a pleasant odor by which a food is characterized. For example, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine has a "sweet, fried, resembling fried potatoes, nutty, and roasted" odor. However, this document does not refer to a relationship between the pyrazine compound and a self-tanning agent.
As described above, a sufficient investigation has not yet been made about compounds generated by a reaction between a self-tanning agent and the skin. Moreover, volatile components known as a product from Maillard reaction in the field of food have been recognized as favorable and pleasant odor components, and been conceived to be irrelevant to the unpleasant odor generated by a reaction between a self-tanning agent and the skin.

Method for determining odor when using a self-tanning agent

Abstract: wherein R1 represents a methyl group, an ethyl group or an acetyl group, and R2, R3 and R4 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.


A cleaning machine includes a body, a head attached to the body and movable relative thereto in a reciprocating manner, and a motor mechanism for reciprocally moving the head. The cleaning machine also includes one or more spray nozzles for applying one or more solutions to the textile, and a suction head for reciprocating movement over the textile to agitate the textile and to remove the solution(s) and soil from the textile. Preferably, the cleaning machine includes two reciprocating heads which move in opposing directions so that each head offsets the vibrations produced by the other. In such a manner, a cleaning machine provides reduced fatigue for the operator while achieving improved cleaning.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a cleaning device for textiles and a method for using the same. In particular, the present invention relates to a cleaning device which uses a reciprocating cleaning head for improved cleaning of carpets, upholstery and other textiles, and for methods for using such a cleaning device to achieve improved cleaning of the textiles.
2. Background Art
It is well known that in order to clean soil and other materials from textile such as carpet, the textile must be scrubbed or otherwise manipulated to encourage separation of the soil from the textile fiber. This is especially true when using a chemical agent in conjunction with negative pressure to remove the soil. Once sprayed on the textile fibers, the chemical agent must be worked into the fibers to chemically or physically interact with the soil and/or fibers to ensure proper separation of the soil from the textile.
After the chemical agent is worked into the fibers sufficiently to encourage release of the soil, the chemical agent and the soil must be extracted from the textile to prevent "brown out" and other problems associated with prolonged exposure of the carpet to moisture and high pH levels. This is typically accomplished by passing a high powered vacuum cleaner over the textile. However, even high powered vacuums have problems withdrawing sufficient amounts of water/cleaning agent to prevent browning in all carpets, upholstery, etc.
The several steps involved with such a cleaning process are of significant concern to those who often clean textiles such as carpet. Typically, the cleaning solution will be applied with a wand. Next, the area treated with cleaning solution is passed over by a buffing pad which agitates the textile, absorbs cleaning solution and encourages soils to separate from the fibers onto the pad. After the textile has been agitated, a suction device is drawn over the textile to remove additional the cleaning solution and soil. This process may be repeated several times until no more soil is removed by the buffing pad.
It has long been appreciated that considerable work could be saved by the use of a single cleaning device which applies the cleaning solution, agitates the textile, and applies suction to remove the cleaning solution and soil loosened from the fibers. Examples of devices designed to accomplish such steps simultaneously are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,240,799; 1,766,425; 3,496,592; 3,616,482; 4,019,218; 4,069,541; 4,095,309; 4,488,330; and 4,596,061.
Such devices, however, have met with limited success for several reasons. One common concern is a that the use of a reciprocating head, as is shown in several of the above-referenced patents, can cause a considerable amount of vibration in the device. Professional carpet cleaners can spend as much as four or five hours per day actively operating the cleaning devices, and the vibrations which often accompany such machines can cause considerable fatigue and even medical problems.
Another problem with such devices is that they are often difficult to control. When the user desires to stop the cleaning device, he or she will turn off the motor which reciprocates the cleaning head. Unfortunately, the reciprocating actuation is not stopped instantaneously. Rather, the user must hold the device in place or the reciprocating action will cause the head to move forward or rearward several inches. If the device accidentally creeps forward or rearward, cleaning solution may be sprayed on items such as lamp bases, molding and other structures which can be damaged by exposure to the cleaning solution.
Yet another problem with the currently available reciprocating cleaning devices is that they are only adapted for application of a single cleaning solution. For years it has been known that improved cleaning could be accomplished by the use of carbonated cleaning materials while limiting or eliminating the amount of surfactants used in the solution.
See U.S. Pat. No. 4,219,333. Further improvements were made in the use of carbonated cleaning solutions, as is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,244,468. The patent teaches the preparation and use of an internally carbonated non-detergent cleaning composition. Carbon dioxide is generated by means of the reaction of an organic acid and a carbonate salt in solution. The invention improved on that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,219,333, by providing a composition which avoids the need for a pressurized carbon dioxide tank to carbonate the cleaning composition. Instead, the components of the composition react with one another to internally carbonate the solution. The carbonated composition is stored in a pressurized container after mixing to maintain carbonation in the composition until it is sprayed on the textile to be treated. The carbon dioxide carried in the solution then assists in the lifting of soils from the textile so that the same may be suctioned away.
Recently, however, it has been discovered that the benefits of a carbon dioxide effervescence can be increased significantly by having two or more solutions undergo a chemically or internally-carbonating reaction immediately before application to the textile, or while actually on the textile to be cleaned. Furthermore, it has been found that the cleaning ability of an effervescent chemically induced carbonating solution is greatly increased when the solution is heated to between 140.degree. F. and 200.degree. F. See U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,091 (U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/335,210), which is expressly incorporated herein.
While effective, both of these methods of increasing the cleaning ability of the composition have physical restraints which significantly limit the ability to use the improvements with conventional applicators. In order to develop an internally-carbonating composition in which the reaction actually occurs on the textile, the solutions which react to release the carbon dioxide must be mixed either on the textile, or very shortly before application to the textile (typically almost instantaneously but not more than about 10-15 seconds).
One concern raised by reacting the chemicals which create the carbon dioxide effervescence is that the acid and carbonate salt base used to form the reaction can damage the textile fibers if they are not properly neutralized by each other. To ensure proper neutralization, the two chemicals must be adequately mixed together, or the acid and base must be buffered to ensure a safe pH range will not be exceeded. Considerable work can be expended by the user of the method attempting to ensure that the acid and base solutions on the textile are appropriately mixed. Additionally, the manual working of the mixture of the acid and base solutions is preferable to help break free soils on the textile.
Thus, there is a need for a new cleaning device which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art. Preferably, such a cleaning device should minimize the vibration to which the user is subjected and should prevent accidental advancement when the machine is turned off. Additionally, such a machine should provide a mechanism for facilitating carbon dioxide effervescence, whether the reactant chemicals are mixed prior to application on the textile, or are combined on the textile.

Reciprocating head for cleaning textiles and method of use


A data storage control device including a DRAM and a storage device has an address bus common to the DRAM and the storage device, and a control device for selectively applying an address signal relating to the DRAM and another address signal relating to the storage device to the address bus.

In conventional data storage control devices that include a dynamic RAM (referred to herein as a DRAM) and a ROM, a control circuit associated with a CPU or the like has a first group of address terminals for the DRAM and a second group of address terminals for the ROM, these groups being connected to separate address buses.
Since the conventional device uses separate address buses for the DRAM and the ROM, it is large in size and high in cost.


A fuel filter constructed and arranged with a heater and designed for fuel-water separation includes a unitary housing (casting) which has an open top to be closed by a threaded lid and a closed base which in combination with a surrounding sidewall defines an interior space. A fuel filter cartridge including a filter element, centertube, and top and bottom endplates is disposed in the interior space such that there is a water collection space between the bottom endplate and the closed base of the housing. The lid includes a plurality of snap-fit fingers arranged in an annular array for press-on attachment to the top endplate. A heater ring is provided within the housing and is positioned around the filter cartridge. The heater ring provides both a flow path for entering fuel and a plurality of positive-temperature-coefficient stones which assist in the heating of the fuel. Control of the heater ring is provided by a heater connector and thermostat combination. The thermostat senses the temperature of the housing near the heater ring and is designed to provide an open circuit when the designed temperature is exceeded. A drain valve is mounted to the housing in flow communication with the water collection space and is operated by a manual lever which controls the movement of a spring-biased plunger. A water-in-fuel sensor is mounted to the housing and extends into the water collection space for deriving conductivity readings.

The present invention relates in general to fuel filters which incorporate a water separation and collection feature in combination with a heater. More specifically the present invention relates to fuel filters which include a variety of features which are intended to provide a design which is convenient to use and to service and which is cost effective to manufacture.
Diesel fuel tends to contain a relatively high level of impurities such as particulate matter and water as compared to the corresponding levels in other liquid hydrocarbon fuels. As a consequence, diesel fuel typically needs to be filtered before injecting the diesel fuel into the engine. The concern over the levels of particulate matter and water in the diesel fuel are significant due to the problems which can be caused. Particulate matter can clog fuel lines and fuel injectors and cause deposits to be formed in the combustion chamber. When water-laden diesel fuel is run through a fuel system and engine, the presence of water can cause the fuel injection system to malfunction due to rust, corrosion, deposits, etc. Excessive levels of water may lead to catastrophic injector nozzle failure due to the effects of steam expansion and/or lubricity effects.
In cold weather, diesel fuel becomes more viscous and, as a result, flows through the fuel system more slowly. Due to the presence of water in the diesel fuel, there is a higher probability of fuel line freeze. Even if the fuel does not freeze in the fuel line, the higher viscosity, due to the fuel gelling, will cause the fuel filter to restrict the flow therethrough. The problems of the fuel gelling and increased viscosity are complicated by having an increased amount of water in the fuel. If there is insufficient fuel reaching the combustion chamber, the engine will be starved and, as a result, will not run or will not run efficiently.
In order to address the issue of water-laden fuel and fuel viscosity in cold weather, fuel filters have been designed with water separation and collection arrangements and with heaters. In one arrangement, the water and other contaminants in the diesel fuel are collected on the outer surface of the filter medium and from there, drop to the bottom portion of the housing and are collected in a suitable collection bowl. In another arrangement, a centrifugal flow path is used to separate the higher density fluid (i.e., water and particulate matter) from the lower density fuel.
With regard to the addition of a heater, heater devices used in combination with diesel fuel filters have become accepted due to the successful results which have been achieved. Initially, the heaters were adapted to preexisting fuel filters, but now it has become common to incorporate the heater as an integral, although modular, part of the fuel filter package. The use of a heater achieves an efficient degree of heat transfer with the fuel.
While the enhancements of water separation and the addition of a heater are significant, a number of other considerations are introduced by these two enhancements. For example, what path should the fuel follow for proper heating of the fuel? What style of thermostat should be used and where should it be installed in order to control the temperature? What style of housing is preferred and what is the easiest way to install and replace the filter element? These are only some of the questions which need to be answered when designing a fuel filter with the water separation capability and with a heater. The specific style of heater is also a consideration as is the method of draining the collection bowl. Some of these considerations have been the subject of issued patents and the following listing is believed to be a representative sampling of these earlier design efforts:
______________________________________ PATENT NO. PATENTEE ISSUE DATE ______________________________________ 3,473,666 Humbert, Jr. Oct. 21, 1969 4,298,465 Druffel Nov. 3, 1981 4,321,136 Matsui Mar. 23, 1982 4,406,785 Siefer Sep. 27, 1983 4,437,986 Hutchins et al. Mar. 20, 1984 4,477,345 Szlaga, Jr. Oct. 16, 1984 4,502,955 Schaupp Mar. 5, 1985 4,580,542 Kawabata Apr. 8, 1986 4,997,555 Church, et al. Mar. 5, 1991 5,244,571 Church, et al. Sep. 14, 1993 4,387,691 Marcoux, et al. Jun. 14, 1983 4,596,224 Prager Jun. 24, 1986 4,608,161 Niemeier Aug. 26, 1986 ______________________________________
Even with all of the design variations and features which have heretofore been invented, there are other improvements and enhancements which have not, prior to the present invention, either been offered as part of a fuel filter or combined with a number of other features and enhancements into one cooperating assembly. Improvements in the housing design, the drain valve, the lid and filter cartridge relationship, and the water-in-fuel sensor are all incorporated into the present invention in a novel and unobvious manner. Further, a novel and unobvious heater ring is incorporated as part of the fuel filter according to the present invention and this provides benefits as to heating of the fuel and separation of the water from the fuel. The overall result from the present invention is an improvement in the service method, an improvement in the compact design, and an improvement in the cost effectiveness of the fuel filter design.

Fuel filter and water separator apparatus with heater


In a novel snapshot management method for a data storage system which does not use duplication (mirroring), when a snapshot of a main volume pertaining to a designated time is being taken, every time a write request to a storage region in the main volume is received, if the data in that storage region has not been copied to an auxiliary volume since the designated time, that data is copied to the auxiliary volume, and the writing to the storage region is carried out after that. In the case of sequential writing, also for data in a further storage region, following the target storage region, on which it is predicted that sequential writing will be carried out henceforth, if copying to the auxiliary volume has not been carried out since the designated time, the data is copied to the auxiliary volume in the same way.

This invention relates to snapshot management, such as snapshot acquisition and restoration of data, in a storage system used in a computer system.
A typical example of a storage system of this kind is, for example, a disk system using RAID (Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disk) technology. In a storage system of this kind, for example, as a precautionary measure in case of trouble, and to transfer a stored content to other applications, and in connection with debugging, the recording of a snapshot (stored data content at a specific time) of a certain storage region is carried out.
A typical related method of creating a snapshot is a method which uses duplication (mirroring), as set forth in the below-listed Patent Documents 1 and 2. In this method, during normal operation, in which online operations are carried out continually, all updated data is written in duplicate to two volumes. At a designated time, one of the volumes is cut of f from online operations, and the content of this cut off volume is taken as a snapshot of the other volume at the designated time.
Patent Document 1: JP A 2001 306407
Patent Document 2: JP A 2001 331373
With previously proposed snapshot creation methods based on duplication, there has been the problem that, because of the processing burden of constantly duplicating updated data, the response of the storage system to a higher devices falls, and, as a result, the throughput of the computer system as a whole falls.

Storage system and snapshot management method thereof


An aqueous composition comprising solution of a betaine of the following general Formula I is disclosed Formula I

Alkyl amidopropyl betaines in general and cocoamidopropylbetaine (CAPB, CAS 61789-40-0) in particular are known for their mildness and hence are very widely used in personal care and consumer products ["Encyclopedia of conditioning rinse ingredients" ed. A. L. L. Hunting, Micelle Press, London (1987), p. 125].
As a result of their superior performance, biodegradability and low toxicology profile, they are used on huge scale in cosmetic industry [X. Domingo, "Amphoteric Surfactants" ed. E. G. Lomax, Surfactant Science Series, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, (1996), Vol. 59, p. 75 and J. G. Weers, J. F. Rathman, F. U. Axe, C. A. Crichlow, L. D. Foland, D. R. Scheuing, R. J. Wiersema and A. G. Zielske, Langmuir, 7, 854-867, (1991)].
A conventional commercial betaine composition typically has the following compositions:
Water64%by weightBetaine28-29%by weightNaCl5-6%by weightGlycerin0.3%by weightFatty acid0.5%by weightAmidoamineca. 0.3%by weightTotal solids contentca. 36%by weight
The solids content represents the sum of the components other than water. The proportions of betaine and sodium chloride arise out of the stoichiometry of the reaction of the fatty amide with tertiary amino group (amidoamine) and sodium chloroacetate according to the equation given below.

A small amount of amidoamine normally remains in the product because the quaternization reaction is incomplete. This proportion can, however, be further reduced by an adapted stoichiometry and reaction procedure. The further typical components like glycerin and fatty acids listed originate from the synthesis of the amidoamine. Small amounts of fatty acids (0.5%) in the betaine composition results from synthesis of amidoamine from the corresponding fatty acid and 3-N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine. Glycerin is present in the betaine composition if the amidoamine is synthesized from triglycerides (coconut or palm oil) and 3-N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine.
It is well known that composition of betaines of the aforementioned type is liquid only below a particular concentration of total solids. For example, at ambient temperature a composition of a betaine of Formula I derived from coconut fatty acids solidifies at a solids content of about 40% by weight. For this reason, conventional, commercial, aqueous solutions of coconut amidopropylbetaine, derived from coconut fatty acids, have total solids concentrations below 40% by weight and in most cases about 35-36% by weight. The maximum achievable concentration of a flowable solution of a betaine decreases as the number of carbon atoms is increased. If the fatty acid mixture contains a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, the concentrations achievable frequently are comparatively higher than those achievable with saturated fatty acids.
Several attempts have been made to create betaines (Formula I) of higher concentration primarily because it has been shown that aqueous betaine composition of higher concentrations is self-preserving. The second obvious motive for preparing betaines of higher concentration is low cost of transportation. U.S. Pat. No. 4,243,549 (1981) describes preparation of high active betaines (33.5% by weight) by blending equivalent amount of ethoxylated alkyl sulphate, the anionic surfactant. Flowable and pumpable high active betaines are reported in German patent DE 3613944. The synthesis described in this patent involves use of solvent and azeotropic removal of water. Another German patent DE 3726322 reveals use of highly acidic pH to create betaines of higher concentration. Use of 3 to 20% by weight of nonionic surfactant is taught by German patent DE 3826654 for making betaines of higher concentration. Reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,906 (1994) according to which upto 36% by weight active betaines are produced by addition of 1 to 3% by weight of fatty acids. This results in overall solids content of at least 40% by weight [DE 4207386 (1993); EP 560114 (1993)]. DE 19523477 reports the process of making betaines with active content of 40 to 45% by weight using quaternised salts of tertiary amidoamines that are synthesized from 3-N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine and polycarboxylic acids. Flowable betaines of total solids content of 40-55% by weight are made by incorporation of 1 to 10% by weight of hydroxy carboxylic acids [DE 4408183]. Finally, inclusion of mixture of fatty acids and ethoxylated cocomono glycerides also result in achieving betaines of high activity [DE 4408228].
Thus, it makes sense to create industrially feasible alkylamidopropylbetaines (Formula I) of higher concentration to save on freight charges and to render them self-preserving. The self-preserving nature of high active betaines has been established by performing 'preservation loading test' using various types of micro organisms [U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,906 (1994)]. It is an object of the present invention to provide a high active aqueous betaine composition comprising a betaine of the general Formula I with less than 5.0 ppm of free sodium monochloroacetate, a totally undesirable impurity.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for preparing a high active aqueous betaine composition comprising a betaine of the general Formula I which obviates steps like filtration, concentration and use of organic solvents for making high active betaines.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an aqueous betaine composition comprising a betaine of the general Formula I which is self-preserving.

Aqueous composition of a betaine with solids content of at least 45% by weight

Abstract: in which R is an alkyl group of coconut fatty acids, preferably hydrogenated coconut fatty acids, or a fatty acid mixture which, on the average, corresponds to coconut fatty acids, wherein the solution has a solids content of at least 45% by weight, a pH of 4.5 to 8, an amidoamine content of not more than 1% by weight, and a free fatty acid content less than 1% by weight, an N-acyl α-aminoacids content between 0.5 to 3% by weight and 0 to 4% by weight of glycerin, based on the solution.


A method and system for detecting whether an antenna is property connected to a distributed antenna network. The current drawn by the antenna is measured and compared against an expected current draw or reference level. The measured level of current drawn by the antenna is indicative of whether the antenna is properly connected or is disconnected. The comparison results may be used as the basis for creating a status message, which is then communicated to a central monitoring unit for each antenna. The central monitoring unit may generate appropriate alarms in response to a status message indicating a fault condition at a particular antenna.

Many facilities present problems for wireless RF communication signals and require that an in-facility signal distribution system be employed to provide adequate wireless reception and coverage within the facility. Signal distribution is often accomplished by providing an antenna distribution system that is coupled to a base station of the wireless communications system. The antenna distribution system typically includes a number of antennas distributed throughout the facility and connected to a base station via coaxial cables. The system may employ a tree-and-branch architecture, wherein uplink and downlink signals to and from the various antennas are combined using couplers.
It was once thought that it was unnecessary to monitor the integrity of a distributed antenna system since it is largely a passive system of cabling, couplers and antennas. However, experience has shown that the regular maintenance that occurs in many large buildings leads to a significant likelihood that one or more of the antennas or cables may be disconnected or severed without it being reported or discovered by the wireless system operator. The result is a loss of service in a section of the facility until a knowledgeable person discovers the problem and reports it to the wireless system operator.
Accordingly a need exists for a method and/or system for detecting fault conditions with regard to antennae in a distributed antenna system.

Fault monitoring in a distributed antenna system


An apparatus can include a connection manager adapter that is configured to maintain presence for each of the plurality of non-IP endpoints in an IP messaging and presence protocol based on the endpoint presence data. The endpoint presence data includes a unique identifier and attribute data received for each of a plurality of non-internet protocol (IP) endpoints. The connection manager adapter can be configured to access the endpoint presence data and convert a message between the IP messaging and presence protocol and different protocol for communication with a given non-IP endpoint of the plurality of endpoints.

In various types of network infrastructures, different types of routing schemes (e.g., unicasting, multicasting, broadcasting) can be utilized for delivery of messages and may be useful in different circumstances. However, some communications protocols may be unable to efficiently utilize certain types of routing schemes. The use of different types of communications casting can become further complicated when a message is communicated across systems using multiple communication protocols, such as may be required for new devices and existing (e.g., legacy) devices that may be incapable of leveraging certain newer messaging protocols.

Controlling distribution and routing from messaging protocol


Provided are systems and methods for receiving a plurality of item submissions from a plurality of mobile user devices (each item submission of the plurality of item submissions including: item identifier data indicative of an item; and item location data indicative of a location of the item), determining a determined location for the item (using the respective item location data for each of the plurality of item submissions), and storing the determined location for the item in an item location database. The determined location for the item is stored in association with an item identifier corresponding to the item, and the item location database stores determined locations for a plurality of items.

In some instances, it is useful to know where certain items are located or are otherwise available. For example, in the context of retail products and retail stores, a person may want to know whether a store has a particular product and, if so, where the product is located within the store (e.g., on aisle three of ABC Supermarket). In the context of a home environment, for example, a person may want to know if a particular item, such as his or her wallet, is located in the home and, if so, where it is in the home (e.g., in the kitchen).
While this disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail herein. The drawings may not be to scale. It should be understood, however, that the drawings and detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular form disclosed, but to the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.


A control device includes a detection unit configured to detect a position of a fed sheet in a direction intersecting with a conveyance direction of the sheet, and a setting unit configured to set a print start position in the direction intersecting with the conveyance direction based on the position of the sheet detected by the detection unit. The detection unit detects the position of the sheet in a case where the sheet is fed from a first feeding unit, and does not detect the position of the sheet in a case where the sheet is fed from a second feeding unit, the first feeding unit and the second feeding unit being among a plurality of feeding units that are different from each other in a distance to a printing unit.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a control device for controlling a sheet conveyance operation during printing, a method for controlling the control device, and a storage medium.
Description of the Related Art
In a printing apparatus, a difference in the distance to convey a sheet to a printing unit may cause a variation in the print start position of the sheet. In both-sided printing, after printing is executed on the front side, the sheet is turned to the back side and conveyed through a conveyance path for back-side printing. If a displacement of the sheet occurs in the direction orthogonal to the conveyance direction of the sheet while the sheet is conveyed for the back-side printing, there arises a problem that the print positions of the front side and the back side are different from each other. Such a positional displacement between the front side and back side occurs because a minute tilt of the sheet caused when the sheet has been stacked increases as the sheet is conveyed through the conveyance path. Therefore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-338119 discusses an image forming apparatus capable of correcting the print start position of an image based on a positional displacement amount of a recording medium.
However, in the image forming apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-338119, detection of a sheet edge position in a main scanning direction is executed on all sheets (i.e., on a sheet-by-sheet basis) when a front-side conveyance operation and a back-side conveyance operation are executed. Therefore, detection time is required after the front-side feeding operation and also after the back-side feeding operation, and this takes a longer time for the print operation.
Further, in a printing apparatus including a plurality of sheet feeding cassettes, the upper and lower sheet feeding cassettes are different from each other in the length of the conveyance path to the printing unit, for example, and a sheet fed from a sheet feeding cassette having a longer conveyance distance is more likely to cause a displacement in the direction orthogonal to the conveyance direction. However, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-338119, only a correction method for a single sheet feeding cassette is described.

Control device for controlling sheet conveyance operation during printing, method for controlling control device, and storage medium


The invention relates to a pig casting machine comprising at least one endless conveyor belt (2), on which pig casting molds (3) are fixed, for conveying pig casting molds from a casting station (4) to a pig removal station and vice versa, wherein each pig casting mold is filled with molten metal as it passes through the casting station with the mold cavity facing upwards, in addition to a device for cooling the pig casting molds before, during and/or after casting, wherein the pig casting molds are embodied having a thin wall. According to the invention, in order to increase output and to be able to cast heavy metals in such a pig casting machine, the pig casting molds (3, 112, 207) are designed to receive molten metal at a melting temperature above 1,000xc2x0 C.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a pig casting machine comprising an endless conveyor belt, on which pig casting molds are fastened, for transporting the pig casting molds from a casting station to a pig removal station and vice versa, wherein each pig casting mold, with the mold cavity facing upwards, is filled with molten metal as it passes through the casting station, as well as a device for cooling the pig casting molds before, during and/or after casting wherein the pig casting molds are of a thin wall configuration and the rim areas of neighboring pig casting molds overlap.
2. Description of the Related Art
As is known in the art, liquid pig iron is either supplied after tapping in the blast furnace by means of ladles to the steel mill or, if it cannot be processed directly, is cast in the form of ingots, so-called pigs, for storage or for further transport. Pigs of pig iron have different weights depending on the desired application purpose; conventionally, a pig has a weight of 6 kg.
For manufacturing pigs of pig iron, pig casting machines are used. They are conventionally comprised of a casting station, at least one endless conveyor belt as well as a removal station at the first deflection point of the endless belt. Usually, a plurality of thick-walled casting molds are arranged on this endless conveyor belt. The respective casting mold is filled at the casting station with liquid pig iron. The conveying path of the pig casting machine must extend subsequently so far that the liquid iron in the respective pig casting mold is solidified before reaching the first deflection point of the endless conveyor belt and the shrinking enables removal from the casting mold. When passing through the deflection point, the casting molds automatically empty or the pigs are removed by means of a corresponding device from the molds. The pig casting molds or casting molds of known pig casting machines are manufactured of cast iron. In order to accelerate the solidification process of the liquid iron, the casting molds are cooled laterally, and additionally from above, with splashed water.
From German patent document DE 809 948 a pig casting machine for casting light metal and their alloys having correspondingly low melting points is known, wherein the pig casting molds are arranged as an endless belt. It is suggested to form the pig casting molds out of forged metallic material, for example, copper or aluminum or steel, instead of from cast iron. It is described that it is possible in this way to use relatively thin-walled pig casting molds because they can be cooled directly with water before, during, and after casting, for example, by splashing from below.
Based on this prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a pig casting machine with increased production output, i.e., an increased quantity of cast molten mass per time interval, and at the same time minimal manufacturing costs for the pig casting molds.
This object is solved by at least one endless conveyor belt, on which pig casting molds are fastened, for transport of the pig casting molds from a casting station to a pig removal station and vice versa, wherein each pig casting molds, with the mold cavities facing upwardly, is filled when passing through the casting station with molten metal, as well as a device for cooling the pig casting molds before, during and/or after casting, wherein the pig casting molds have thin walls, characterized in that the pig casting molds are embodied for receiving molten metal having a melting temperature above 1,000xc2x0 C.
The invention is based on the recognition, which has been proven by experiments, that the cooling of the pig casting molds makes it possible, quite in contrast to the decade-old unchanged casting exclusively of light metals with a low melting point, to use for casting heavy metals with melting points above 1,000xc2x0 C. such pig casting molds which are comprised of a heat-resistant material whose melting point is even lower or not significantly higher than the respective melting point of the metal to be cast.
As a result of the minimal wall thickness, the heat conductivity of the pig casting molds is actually no longer of such importance as was the case in the known capacitive cooling. In contrast, the areal cooling across prevents their melting. The molten metal to be cast is, in particular, heavy metal, such as pig iron, which is cast conventionally at temperatures between 1450 and 1520xc2x0 C. The pig casting molds are comprised preferably of copper whose melting point is approximately 1,083xc2x0 C. However, materials with significantly reduced heat conductivity are conceivable, for example, heat-resistant steel, whose melting point, depending on its carbon contents, is within a range of 1,520xc2x0 C.
Accordingly, the criteria for the material of the pig casting mold can be focused on other, essential properties, and, in particular, on the cold or hot forming properties which are decisive for the suitability in a rolling process and a preferred subsequent deep drawing, which allows a cost-efficient manufacture, as well as those mechanical properties at increased temperature which are decisive for the shape stability of the casting mold in use and their insensitivity against cracks. A preferred proposal of the invention suggests thus that the thin-walled precursor material for the pig casting molds is produced by rolling and is subsequently, for example, deep-drawn or die-formed.
According to a first preferred embodiment, it is proposed for achieving an improved cooling situation that carrying baskets on the respective endless conveyor belt are fastened for receiving the individual pig casting molds, wherein the carrying baskets are designed such that they are only partially in supporting contact with the pig casting molds. For this purpose, on the one hand, the inner contour of the carrying baskets is matched approximately to the outer contour of the pig casting molds and, moreover, the inner surface of the carrying baskets is provided with support pins for a point support of the thin-walled pig casting molds, wherein the diameter of the support pins on the carrying basket is not greater than the wall thickness of the pig casting mold. Accordingly, this fulfills the requirements in regard to ensuring a sufficient shape stability of the thin-walled pig casting mold as well as an unimpaired cooling as a result of the point support action.
The carrying basket can also be embodied as a grate basket which supports the respective pig casting mold like a net. In this connection, the configuration and the material for the support medium are to be selected such that they will not counteract a minimal elastic deformation of the pig casting mold as a result of the own weight of the pig. With this elastic deformation and thus minimal widening of the mold, loosening of the pig at the removal station is assisted.
The carrying basket itself can have rolls which run along guide rails. According to another embodiment, the basket is suspended by corresponding securing means in two parallel extending chains.
By means of the carrying basket it is possible to form the walls of the respective pig casting mold so as to be very thin. Casting molds with thin wall thicknesses have the advantage that the risk of fracture formation as a result of thermal stresses is minimized. With reduced wall thickness, however, the shape stability decreases, wherein this disadvantage is compensated by the support action of the carrying basket. As a result of only partial support by means of the support pins or the grate, cooling of the pig casting molds and thus of the cast body by splashing or immersion in a bath is not significantly impaired. In the embodiment of the carrying basket with support pins the diameter of the support pins on the carrying basket should correspond at most to the wall thickness of the pig casting mold so that the cooling at the points of attack of the support pins is not impaired. As a whole, a shape-stable pig casting mold with beneficial cooling properties is provided. The molten mass solidifies quicker, the circulating speed of the endless belt can be increased, and the quantity of molten mass cast per time interval is thus increased.
As an alternative, when the circulating speed remains unchanged, the belt can be configured to be shorter and thus to be less expensive.
As a second embodiment it is proposed to provide the overlap area of the rims of neighboring pig casting molds with a refractory material, wherein preferably the casting mold rim area at the hot side is formed in the overlap area such that a depression for receiving a refractory material results. Starting in this depression, anchoring means for the refractory material are provided.
Because there is no sufficient heat removal possible for the upper one in the area of overlap of two neighboring pig casting molds by splashing with water from below, in this way heat protection of the rim. surface facing the hot side is provided. This solution has the advantage that as a result of the refractory material the use of a cooling water spray in the overlapping area can be reduced and the splash danger as a result of water entering the interior of the pig casting molds can be reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the pig casting molds are made of laminated material wherein for the layer facing the hot side a material is selected whose melting point is higher than that of copper, in particular, a heat-resistant steel, and for the layer at the cooling side the highly conductive and fracture-resistant copper is selected. The laminated material is preferably manufactured by rolling or explosive cladding with subsequent deformation, for example, by deep drawing, die-forming or the like.
As a whole, the wall thicknesses of the pig casting molds should be in the range between 3 to 20 mm and the ratio of the weight of the pig casting molds to the weight of the pig should be in the range of 0.5 to 2. Conventional pigs of pig iron, in which only the heat dissipation through the metal wall (so-called capacitive cooling) is used, have in contrast to this a weight ratio pig casting mold/pig of much greater than 1, typically of 6.
As a further preferred embodiment it is proposed that a pig casting mold has a plurality of individual casting pans or mold cavities. The pig casting mold can also have a parallelepipedal bottom surface or parallelepipedal casting pans which provides a great advantage in regard to the manufacture of the casting molds.
According to a preferred embodiment, the pig casting molds are cooled from below before, during and after the casting process up to the point of removal of the solidified pig, preferably by areal splashing of cooling water or a water/air mixture. The jet nozzles, depending on the locally required cooling efficiency, can be arranged closely or less closely to one another. When spray cooling, the greater part of the sprayed water evaporates at the underside of the pig casting molds. Drops of water that is not evaporated is collected in a collecting trough and is reused. The collecting trough forms at the same time a housing for removal by vacuum and optionally condensation of the resulting water vapor. An auxiliary cooling device between the removal station and the casting station is possible, but not necessarily required because of the reduced stored heat of the thin-walled casting molds. Moreover, cleaning devices and/or devices for the application of mold coating for the empty pig casting molds can be provided.
According to the invention, the endless belt, in contrast to conventional configurations, is not to be provided with an upper and a lower run but is to be configured horizontally in the way of a carousel. The casting molds are moved in this connection along the carousel arrangement about a circular path of less than 360xc2x0 by filling them at the casting station with molten mass, transporting them on the circular path, and removing them at the removal station, which is arranged shortly before the casting station. For this purpose, the casting molds are rotated or tilted by 180xc2x0. A cooling device in the form of jet nozzles and/or a cooling water collecting trough is arranged such that it begins shortly before the casting station and extends up to the removal station. It is possible, if needed, to use the water collecting trough for the water drops or the condensed water as an immersion tub. As a whole, when employing this configuration, the number of employed pig casting molds is reduced and the use of time is optimized.
As a preferred embodiment it is proposed to design the pig casting molds of a double-wall configuration and to cool them by means of flow-through water cooling. In this connection, in the carousel arrangement a ring distribution line is provided which rotates correspondingly together with the pig casting molds in the horizontal carousel arrangement and is supplied by a rotating line in the center of the carousel, wherein the ring distribution line has hoses which, in turn, supply cooling cross-sections which are positioned in intermediate spaces of the double-wall pig casting molds.


A cosmetic make-up composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, a dyestuff comprising glass particles coated with at least one metallic coat. The invention also relates to a cosmetic process for making up keratin substances. The make-up obtained can have a sparkling and wear-resistant metallic appearance.

The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition for making up at least one keratin substance, comprising at least one treated glass particle. The invention also relates to a cosmetic process for making up at least one keratin substance. The composition according to the invention can be applied to the nails, facial or body skin, including the lips, the eyelashes, and the hair, in particular of human beings. More specifically, the invention can be a nail varnish.
The make-up composition can be a nail varnish, a face powder, an eyeshadow, a foundation, a mascara, an eyeliner, or a make-up product for the lips or body. The composition can also be applied to make-up accessories such as false nails, false eyelashes or wigs, or alternatively to pastilles or patches adhering to the skin or the lips (such as beauty spots).
Make-up compositions, such as nail varnishes, are colored with the aid of dyestuffs such as soluble dyes, pigments that are generally metal oxides, such as iron oxides, or alternatively with the aid of nacres such as micas coated with metal oxides such as titanium oxide. However, when the film of make-up is subjected to stresses such as impacts, pressure or rubbing, the dyestuffs and in particular the pigments are not always resistant to these stresses and wear away. A substantial loss of color of the make-up is then observed, thus obliging the user to reapply the make-up regularly, optionally after the damaged coat has been removed. It is also known practice to use aluminum flakes to obtain a color with a metallic effect. Like the pigments, these flakes can show little resistance to stresses and wear away. Furthermore, these flakes can be light-opaque, light-scattering, and matt. In addition, when they are combined with colored pigments which do not have a metallic appearance, for example nacres, the color of these pigments may not emerge; it is therefore not possible to obtain a make-up having a colored metallic appearance.
It would be advantageous to overcome at least one of the drawbacks mentioned above and one of the embodiments of the invention relates to obtaining a make-up on at least one keratin substance that has a sparkling metallic appearance and good wear resistance.
The inventors have observed that a novel type of make-up for at least one keratin substance can be obtained by using a cosmetic composition comprising at least one dyestuff in a cosmetically acceptable medium, wherein the at least one dyestuff comprises glass particles coated with at least one metallic coat.
When the composition according to the invention is applied to at least one keratin substance such as the nails, the glass particles coated with the at least one metallic coat can be distributed in the coat deposited. This composition can afford a make-up film which has a very shiny, sparkling metallic appearance, with a mirror effect, irrespective of the direction of observation, and which does not scatter light. The make-up can also have good wear resistance, in particular, resistance to impacts, rubbing and abrasion, as well as good resistance to chipping. A sparkling make-up which adheres well to the made-up support and which has good staying power can, in certain embodiments of the invention, be obtained. Furthermore, the glass particles can transmit light well, which allows the glass particles to be combined with at least one colored pigment in order to obtain colored make-up with a metallic effect.
Another subject of the invention is a cosmetic process for making up at least one keratin substance, comprising the application of a composition as defined above to the at least one keratin substance.
Another subject of the invention is also the use, in a composition for making up at least one keratin substance, of glass particles coated with at least one metallic coat, in order to obtain a glossy and/or wear-resistant make-up.
The glass particles used as the at least one dyestuff in the composition according to the invention are coated with at least one metallic coat.
The at least one metallic coat can be formed from at least one metal, such as silver, aluminum, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, gold, copper, tin, and magnesium, and, among these representative examples, silver, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum.
In one embodiment of the invention, the at least one metallic coat of the coated glass particles can be present in an amount by weight, relative to the total weight of the particles, generally ranging from 0.1% to 50%, such as 1% to 20%, and further such as 2% to 8%.
The glass particles coated with the at least one metallic coat can have an average size generally ranging from 1 xcexcm to 500 xcexcm, such as 10 xcexcm to 300 xcexcm, and further such as 25 xcexcm to 150 xcexcm.
The glass particles coated with the at least one metallic coat can have a thickness generally ranging from 0.1 xcexcm to 25 xcexcm, such as 0.5 xcexcm to 10 xcexcm, and further such as 0.5 xcexcm to 5 xcexcm.
The glass particles coated with the at least one metallic coat are described in particular in documents JP-A-09 188 830, JP-A-10 158 450, JP-A-10 158 541, JP-A-07 25 258 460 and JP-A-05 017 710, the disclosures of which are specifically incorporated by reference herein.
The glass particles coated with the at least one metallic coat that can be used, for example, are sold by the company Toyal under the names Microglass Metashine REFSX 2025 PS and GF 2140, silver-coated particles, and under the names Crystal Star GF 550 and GF 2525, particles coated with a nickel/chromium/molybdenum alloy.
The glass particles coated with the at least one metallic coat can be present in the composition according to the invention in an amount by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, generally ranging from 0.1% to 90%, such as 1% to 30%, and further such as 2% to 10%.
The composition according to the invention can also comprise at least one film-forming polymer. In the present application, the expression xe2x80x9cfilm-forming polymerxe2x80x9d means a polymer which is capable, by itself or in the presence of a film-forming auxiliary, of forming an isolable film. The at least one film-forming polymer in the composition can be dissolved or dispersed in the form of particles in the cosmetically-acceptable medium of the composition according to the invention.
Representative film-forming polymers that can be used in the composition of the present invention include synthetic polymers, radical-mediated types, polycondensate types, and polymers of natural origin.
The expression xe2x80x9cradical-mediated film-forming polymerxe2x80x9d means a polymer obtained by polymerization of one or more monomers containing unsaturation, in particular ethylenic unsaturation, certain monomers being capable of homopolymerizing (unlike polycondensates).
The at least one film-forming polymer of radical-mediated type can be chosen from vinyl polymers, and vinyl copolymers, in particular acrylic polymers.
The vinyl film-forming polymers can result from the polymerization of monomers containing ethylenic unsaturation having at least one acid group and/or esters of these acidic monomers and/or amides of these acidic monomers.
Representative monomers bearing an acid group which can be used include xcex1,xcex2-ethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid and itaconic acid, and, in particular, (meth)acrylic acid and crotonic acid. Among these representative monomers, (meth)acrylic acid can be used.
Representative esters of acid monomers include (meth)acrylic acid esters, also known as (meth)acrylates, especially alkyl(meth)acrylates, in particular of a C1-C20 alkyl, such as C1-C8 alkyl; aryl(meth)acrylates, in particular of a C6-C10 aryl; and hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylates, in particular of a C2-C6 hydroxyalkyl.
Representative alkyl(meth)acrylates include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate and lauryl methacrylate.
Representative hydroxyalkyl(meth)acrylates include hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate.
Representative aryl(meth)acrylates include benzyl acrylate and phenyl acrylate.
Among all these representative examples, the (meth)acrylic acid esters may be the alkyl(meth)acrylates.
According to the present invention, the alkyl group of the esters may be substituted, such as fluorinated or perfluorinated, i.e., some or all of the hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group are substituted with fluorine atoms.
Representative amides of the acid monomers include (meth)acrylamides, and especially N-alkyl(meth)acrylamides, in particular of a C2-C12 alkyl. Representative N-alkyl(meth)acrylamides include N-ethylacrylamide, N-t-butylacrylamide and N-t-octylacrylamide.
The vinyl film-forming polymers can also result from the homopolymerization or copolymerization of at least one monomer chosen from vinyl esters and styrene monomers. In particular, these monomers can be polymerized with acid monomers and/or esters thereof and/or amides thereof, such as those mentioned above.
Representative vinyl esters include vinyl acetate, vinyl neodecanoate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl benzoate and vinyl t-butylbenzoate.
Styrene monomers which may be mentioned are styrene and xcex1-methylstyrene.
The list of monomers given is not limiting and it is possible to use any monomer known to those skilled in the art which falls within the categories of acrylic and vinyl monomers (including monomers modified with a silicone chain).
Representative acrylic film-forming polymers in aqueous dispersion which can be used according to the invention include those sold by the company Zeneca under the names Neocryl XK-90(copyright), Neocryl A-1070(copyright), Neocryl A-1090(copyright), Neocryl BT-62(copyright), Neocryl A-1079(copyright) and Neocryl A-523(copyright), and those sold by the company Dow Chemical under the name Dow Latex 432(copyright).
Polycondensates which can be used as the at least one film-forming polymer can be anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric and are chosen from polyurethanes, polyurethane-acrylics, polyurethane-polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyester-polyurethanes, polyether-polyurethanes, polyureas and polyurea-polyurethanes.
Representative film-forming polyurethanes can be, for example, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic polyurethanes, polyurea-urethanes or polyurea copolymers, comprising:
at least one sequence originating from monomers chosen from aliphatic monomers, cycloaliphatic monomers, aromatic polyester monomers, branched and non-branched silicone monomers, such as polydimethylsiloxane and polymethylphenylsiloxane, and monomers comprising fluoro groups.
Representative film-forming polyurethane polymers in aqueous dispersion, according to the invention, include polyester-polyurethanes sold under the names xe2x80x9cAvalure UR-405(copyright)xe2x80x9d, xe2x80x9cAvalure UR-410(copyright)xe2x80x9d, xe2x80x9cAvalure UR425(copyright)xe2x80x9d, xe2x80x9cAvalure UR-450(copyright)xe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cSancure 2060(copyright)xe2x80x9d by the company Goodrich and the polyether-polyurethanes sold under the names xe2x80x9cSancure 878(copyright)xe2x80x9d by the company Goodrich and xe2x80x9cNeorez R 970(copyright)xe2x80x9d by the company Zeneca.
Representative film-forming polycondensates include polyesters, polyesteramides, fatty-chain polyesters, polyamides and epoxyester resins, resins resulting from the condensation of formaldehyde with an arylsulphonamide, and arylsulphonamide epoxy resins.
The polyesters can be obtained, in a known manner, by polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids with polyols, in particular diols.
The dicarboxylic acid can be aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic. Representative acids include oxalic acid, malonic acid, dimethylmalonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, 2,2-dimethylglutaric acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, phthalic acid, dodecanedioic acid, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 2,5-norbornanedicarboxylic acid, diglycolic acid, thiodipropionic acid, 2,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and 2,6-naphthalene-dicarboxylic acid. These dicarboxylic acid monomers can be used alone or in combinations of at least two dicarboxylic acid monomers. Phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid can be chosen from among the representative acids.
Representative diols can be chosen from aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic diols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, and 4-butanediol. Other representative polyols include glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, and trimethylolpropane.
The polyesteramides can be obtained in a similar manner to the polyesters by polycondensation of diacids with diamines or with amino alcohols. Representative diamines include ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, and meta- and para-phenylene-diamine. A representative amino alcohol is monoethanolamine.
The polyester can also comprise at least one monomer bearing at least one group xe2x80x94SO3M, with M representing a hydrogen atom, an ammonium ion NH4+ or a metal ion such as, for example, an Na+, Li+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, or Fe3+ ion. A difunctional aromatic monomer comprising such a group xe2x80x94SO3M is representative.
The aromatic nucleus of the difunctional aromatic monomer also bearing a group xe2x80x94SO3M as described above can be chosen, for example, from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, diphenyl, oxydiphenyl, sulphonyidiphenyl, and methylenediphenyl nuclei. Examples of difunctional aromatic monomers also bearing a group xe2x80x94SO3M include sulpho-isophthalic acid, sulphoterephthalic acid, sulphophthalic acid, and 4-sulphonaphthalene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid.
Copolymers based on isophthalate/sulphoisophthalate, and more particularly copolymers obtained by condensation of diethylene glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, isophthalic acid, and sulphoisophthalic acid, can be used in the compositions forming the subject of the invention. Such polymers are sold, for example, under the brand name Eastman AQ by the company Eastman Chemical Products.
Representative optionally modified polymers of natural origin include shellac resins, sandaraque gums, dammar resins, elemis gums, copal resins, and cellulose polymers, such as nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetobutyrate, cellulose acetopropionate, and ethylcellulose.
The at least one film-forming polymer can be present in the composition according to the invention in an amount, by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, generally ranging from 1% to 70%, such as 10% to 40%.
According to the invention, the composition comprises a cosmetically-acceptable medium, wherein the medium is chosen from at least one solvent and water. The at least one solvent can be representatively chosen from organic solvents. The at least one solvent can also be representatively chosen from aqueous-alcoholic mixtures, such as those comprising at least one C1-C5 monoalcohol.
Representative organic solvents include:
ketones that are liquid at room temperature, such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, isophorone, cyclohexanone, and acetone;
alcohols that are liquid at room temperature, such as ethanol, isopropanol, diacetone alcohol, 2-butoxyethanol, and cyclohexanol;
glycols that are liquid at room temperature, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, pentylene glycol, and glycerol;
propylene glycol ethers that are liquid at room temperature, such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and dipropylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether;
short-chain esters, containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in total, such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and isopentyl acetate;
ethers that are liquid at room temperature, such as diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, or dichlorodiethyl ether;
alkanes that are liquid at room temperature, such as decane, heptane, dodecane, and cyclohexane;
cyclic aromatic compounds that are liquid at room temperature, such as toluene and xylene; or
aldehydes that are liquid at room temperature, such as benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
These solvents are more particularly suitable for nail make-up: the composition thus constitutes a nail varnish.
The solvent content by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, can generally range from 30% to 99%, such as 60% to 90%.
To improve the film-forming properties of the composition, in particular of the base and/or surface composition according to the invention, at least one film-forming auxiliary agent may be provided.
When the at least one film-forming auxiliary agent is used with the at least one film-forming polymer, the at least one film-forming auxiliary agent can be chosen from any compound known to those skilled in the art as being capable of fulfilling the desired function, and can be chosen in particular from plasticizers.
In addition, when the composition comprises the at least one film-forming polymer in the form of particles dispersed in the corresponding medium of the composition, the at least one film-forming auxiliary agent can also be chosen from coalescers.
The composition according to the invention can also comprise at least one additional dyestuff, other than the at least one glass particles described previously. Representative additional dyestuffs can include dyes (water-soluble or liposoluble) and pulverulent dyestuffs, such as pigments, nacres, and flakes that are well-known to those skilled in the art. The at least one additional dyestuff can be present in the composition in an amount measured by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, generally ranging from 0.01% to 50%, such as 0.01% to 30%.
The composition according to the invention can also comprise at least one additive known to those skilled in the art as being capable of being incorporated into such a composition. Representative additives include thickeners, fillers, spreading agents, wetting agents, dispersants, anti-foaming agents, preserving agents, UV screening agents, active agents, surfactants, moisturizers, fragrances, neutralizing agents, stabilizers, and antioxidants. A person skilled in the art should take care to select the at least one additive and/or the amount thereof, such that the advantageous properties of the corresponding composition according to the invention are not, or are not substantially, adversely affected by the addition envisaged.
The composition according to the invention can be prepared by a person skilled in the art on the basis of his general knowledge and according to the prior art.

Composition and process for making up keratin substances


A server-based computing system includes at least one server (1) and at least one client computer (5), connected to the server (1) through a network (2). The server (1) includes apparatus for providing the client computer (5) with a user interface. The client computer (5) includes an input device (8) for providing input to an application through the user interface and a display device (7) for presenting output from an application through the user interface. The server (1) includes apparatus for running the application and the client computer (5) includes apparatus for locally running at least one further application. The system includes apparatus for controlling the locally run applications through the user interface provided by the server (1).

The invention relates to a server-based computing system, comprising at least one server and at least one client computer, connected to the server through a network, wherein the server comprises means for providing the client computer with a user interface, wherein the client computer comprises an input device for providing input to an application and a display device for presenting output from an application through the user interface, wherein the server comprises means for running the application, wherein the client computer comprises means for locally running at least one further application.
The invention further relates to a method for providing a client computer with a user interface for controlling at least one application that can be run locally on the client computer, which client computer is connected to a server through a network and comprises a display device, an input device and means for running the application.
Known systems of the above-mentioned kind are capable of providing a user interface to the client computer, enabling the client computer to control an application running on the server. Such a set-up is useful in networks containing several client computers. Applications are all installed on the server and can thus be centrally managed, updated, etc. Because the client computers only process the input from the user and present output from the application to the user, they can be very simple. They can, for example, be equipped with small hard disks or none at all and little processing power. Consequently, such client computers are known as thin clients.
However, it is not always wise or possible to rely only on server-based computing. It is sometimes desirable to run applications locally on the client. In existing systems, such applications have to be initialised separately. The user shuts down the user interface provided by the server and separately starts up the second, locally running, application.
In the known system and known method of the kind mentioned above, the client computer generates a user interface for controlling the locally running application. This gives scope for confusion, since a user has to clearly distinguish between user interfaces, remember separate functions, get used to different visual aids, etc. Without careful management and updating of all the client computers, a situation can easily arise wherein each client computer attached to the network has its own user interface.

Real Enterprise Solutions Development B.V.


A filter device configured to directly connect to a differential power amplifier of a transmit chain circuit. The filter device may include a transformer and a filter configured as a half lattice equivalent topology and having a single-ended output. The filter may be a lattice filter configured as a full lattice topology or a lattice equivalent filter configured as a half lattice equivalent topology. The filter includes a first branch having a first impedance network of one or more first impedance elements and a second branch having a second impedance network of one or more second impedance elements. The single-ended output of the filter device may connect to an antenna switch that is in turn connected to an antenna.

A power amplifier combined with a frequency filter forms a key building block in wireless communication systems. The transmit chain of such a system combines a power amplifier with a filter to suppress unwanted spectral frequencies, with optional switches on either side of the filter, so that a single antenna or single power amplifier can optionally connect to multiple filters. Many commonly used power amplifier designs have differential outputs, meaning the signals at the output ports are roughly 180 degrees out of phase. Because most switch and antenna implementations are single-ended, and because the most common filter implementations are single-ended ladder structures, the output of the power amplifier often connects to a transformer, which acts as a balun to convert differential (e.g., balanced) signals to single-ended (e.g., unbalanced) signals used by switches, filters, and the antenna. Furthermore, the output impedance of the power amplifier is usually quite low, on the order of a few ohms or tens of ohms. This impedance must be matched to higher impedances, often near 50 ohms to interface with typical switches, filters, and antennas. The impedance conversion can be accomplished with a matching network of transmission lines or discrete inductors and capacitors.
Unfortunately, the transformer balun and impedance matching; circuits required after the power amplifier may attenuate the power amplifier output by more than 1 decibel (dB), in addition to the 1.5 to 2 dB losses incurred by the filter, for a total loss of approximately 2.5 to 3 dB between power amplifier and filter output, not counting any additional losses from switches. This added power dissipation increases the power required for transmitting signals from the antenna, thereby reducing the battery life in portable wireless devices.

Wideband filter for direct connection to differential power amplifier

AVAGO TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL SALES PTE. LIMITED


A steering shaft boot of a molded elastic material comprises an inner boot portion including a first cylindrical portion that is adapted to cover a steering shaft, a first flange portion that extend radially outward from one axial end of the first cylindrical portion and is adapted to be secured to a panel member and a first upper wall portion that extends radially inward from the other axial end of the first cylindrical portion and is adapted to be put on an outer surface of the steering shaft; and an outer boot portion including a second cylindrical portion that covers the first cylindrical portion while keeping a certain clearance therebetween, a second flange portion that extends radially outward from one axis end of the second cylindrical portion and is adapted to be secured to the panel member and a second upper wall that extends radially inward from the other axial end of the second cylindrical portion to the other axial end of the first cylindrical portion. The first and second flange portions are separate members but engageable when in use.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to automotive steering shaft boots or covers, and more particularly to the steering shaft boots of a type that elastically holds a steering shaft to a dash panel of the vehicle in a manner to seal a steering shaft bore of the dash panel through which the steering shaft passes.
2. Description of the Related Art
Japanese Laid-open Patent Application (Tokkaihei) 8-198122 shows a steering shaft boot of the above-mentioned type. That is, the steering shaft boot of this published Application generally comprises a flange that is secured to a peripheral portion of the steering shaft bore of the dash panel, a holder that holds the steering shaft through a ball bearing, an inner rubber boot that extends from the flange to the holder and an outer rubber boot that also extends from the flange to the holder while covering the inner rubber boot. Due to provision of a so-called double layer boot unit constituted by the inner and outer rubber boots, the sealing of the steering shaft bore is assured.


The invention provides a start-up method for a reaction-regeneration unit for preparing light olefins from methanol, which comprises: (a) heating a regenerator with an auxiliary combustion chamber and a reactor with a start-up furnace; (b) charging a catalyst into the regenerator and reactor; (c) closing a spent catalyst slide valve and a regenerated catalyst slide valve after the reactor reaches about 350° C. or more; (d) feeding methanol to the reactor after the dense phase stage of the regenerator reaches about 350° C. or more; (e) opening the spent catalyst slide valve and introducing a carbon deposited catalyst from the reactor to the regenerator after the dense phase stage reaches about 400° C. or more and the average amount of carbon deposits on the catalyst in the reactor reaches about 2.5% or more; (f) raising the regenerator to above about 580° C.; and (g) stopping the start-up furnace and auxiliary combustion chamber.

Light olefins, i.e., ethylene and propylene, are two important basic chemical materials with an increasing demand. Generally, ethylene and propylene are produced from petroleum. Due to limited supply and higher price of petroleum resources, the cost of producing ethylene and propylene from petroleum resource is continuously increasing. Recently, techniques for preparing ethylene and propylene by conversion converting of petroleum alternatives have been developed. Oxygen-containing compounds, such as alcohols (for example, methanol and, ethanol), ethers (for example, dimethyl ether and, methyl ethyl ether), and esters (for example, dimethyl carbonate and, methyl formate) and the like, which can be converted from petroleum alternatives, such as coal, natural gas, and biomass and the like. Some oxygen-containing compounds, such as methanol, can be produced from coal or natural gas on a large scale, reaching to production scales of, for example, in millions of tons. Due to the abundant supply of such oxygen-containing compounds, in combination with the more economically efficient technique of olefin production by conversion converting from petroleum alternatives, the Oxygenate To Olefins processes (OTO), such as the Methanol to Olefins processes (MTO), have drawn more and more attention. Examples of such processes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,499,327 and 6,166,282, and Chinese Patent No. CN1723262.
The reaction-regeneration system for preparing light olefins from methanol is fundamentally different from the traditional reaction-regeneration system for catalytic cracking. The difficulty for start-up of MTO process is also greater than that of catalytic cracking. Moreover, during the start-up process for the traditional reaction-regeneration system a burning oil is generally sprayed into the regenerator, which may cause damage to the catalysts. The present invention provides a new start-up method for a reaction-regeneration unit used to prepare light olefins from methanol, which provides a solution to the above problem.

Start-up method for reaction-regeneration unit used to prepare light olefins from methanol

SHANGHAI RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PETROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, SINOPEC


A binding beam includes a steel form having a bottom plate portion and a pair of side plate portions extending upward from both ends of the bottom plate portion and binding beam concrete placed in a groove portion configured by the bottom plate portion and the pair of side plate portions of the steel form.

Proposed in the related art is a method for forming a web opening for passing a duct or the like through an RC beam. According to a proposed example of the method, a decline in the proof stress of the beam during web opening formation is suppressed by penetration reinforcement being performed with a reinforcing member attached to the outer shell of the beam, and then the web opening penetrating the beam and the reinforcing member is formed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Steel-framed concrete beam and method for constructing steel-framed concrete beam


Bullet resistant apparatus includes a spring biased panel which extends out one end of the briefcase. The briefcase, with the extended panel, is then rotated ninety degrees to define a bullet resistant shield for a user. The apparatus is made of composite bullet resistant materials and utilizes a compression spring for deployment of a panel disposed within the briefcase. The compression spring is disposed in a pair of telescoping sleeves. The sleeves allow the spring to compress and then to extend to about double its compressed length.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to briefcases and, more particularly, to a bullet resistant briefcase with a bullet resistant pop-up portion for use as a body shield.
2. Description of the Prior Art
U.S. Pat. No. 3,762,345 (Sgariglia, Jr.) discloses a briefcase with a plurality of shield elements, some of which pop up and some of which extend downwardly be gravity to provide a shield. A pair of springs bias a shield portion upwardly while a pair of shield extensions move downwardly by gravity.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,546,863 (Kaufman) discloses another attache case which comprises a protective shield. The case includes a removable portion which, when removed, reveals a pair of straps held by a user to employ the remaining portion of the attache case as a shield.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,782,735 (Mui et al) discloses an inflatable body shield which may be transported in a briefcase or attache case. Within the case is a source of pressurized gas for inflating the body shield. A second embodiment is disclosed in which the apparatus is transported as a backpack.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,919,037 (Mitchell) discloses a clipboard which may be used as a ballistic shield. The clipboard includes a writings surface and a strap for holding the clipboard apparatus as a shield.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,392,686 (Sankar) discloses a telescoping protective shield which expands from a relatively small or compact unit to a body shield by lowering any of a plurality of panel elements. The apparatus includes a viewing window. The panel elements may be deployed downwardly to accommodate users of different sizes.
It will be noted that the '345 and the '863 patents, both of which begin as attache cases, the full width of the case is used as a shield, with elements extending upwardly and downwardly from the '345 apparatus and the case itself being used as a shield in the '863 apparatus.
The '345 patent utilizes gravity as well as a pair of tension springs for activation, and the '863 apparatus is strictly a hand held unit with no extra panels. The '735 apparatus utilizes pressurized gas, and the '037 apparatus is essentially a one element shield. The '686 apparatus is a telescoping shield with elements gravity actuated.
The apparatus of the present invention includes a pop-up panel disposed within the briefcase. The panel extends from an end of the briefcase, allowing nearly double the length of the briefcase to be used as a shield.

Pop-up bullet resistant briefcase apparatus