A voltage droop monitoring and correcting circuit for a microprocessor includes: a monitor circuit configured to monitor voltage droops of the microprocessor and perform a temporary clock-skipping technique to compensate for the voltage droops. A method for monitoring and correcting voltage droops of a microprocessor includes: monitoring voltage droops of the microprocessor; and performing a temporary clock-skipping technique to compensate for the voltage droops. A computer system includes memory; a processor operatively connected to the memory; and computer-readable instructions stored in the memory for causing the processor to: monitor voltage droops of the microprocessor; and perform a temporary clock-skipping technique to compensate for the voltage droops.

1. Field of the Invention
The present disclosure relates generally to microprocessors, and more specifically to methods for enhancing microprocessor performance and power through inductive voltage droop monitoring and correction.
2. Background Art
Microprocessor speed for a given design depends largely on supply voltage at the transistor level. Voltage regulators may be used to maintain a constant supply voltage to the microprocessor. The voltage provided externally by the regulator is higher than the voltage at the transistor level because it needs to compensate for the voltage drop on the package and microprocessor power supply rails. This voltage drop has two components: ohmic resistance (IR drop) and voltage droop (Ldi/dt).
Through proper package design, the IR voltage drop may be maintained below 10 mV. Voltage droops caused by inductive effects, on the other hand, are more difficult to manage and could cause a much larger voltage drop. A voltage droop refers to loss of supply voltage as a device tries to drive a load. For example, when power is supplied to a microprocessor, the sudden increase in current through the microprocessor causes a loss in the supply voltage due to the package inductance. In other words, the sudden increase in the current drawn by the microprocessor causes a voltage droop because there is a high rate of change of current through the microprocessor package inductance.
Depending on the power variation frequency, the microprocessor may hit the capacitance resonance frequency, in which case a large voltage droop (150 mV or more) can occur at the voltage supply at the transistor level. This can cause significant speed reduction and, in severe cases, microprocessor failure. Conventionally, operating margins were added in the timing analysis to compensate for voltage droops and ensure the microprocessor will function. As microprocessors and other semiconductor devices continue to become powerful and complex, preventing voltage droops to maintain a constant supply voltage has become an increasingly significant concern for developers.

Microprocessor performance and power optimization through inductive voltage droop monitoring and correction


A method and system for controlling use of a communication device in a vehicle is provided. The system includes a plurality of internal vehicle sensors, the vehicle sensors adapted to provide internal information. A receiver is provided adapted to receive external information from an external source and a controller is provided adapted to receive the internal information and the external information. The controller is adapted to assign a risk value to each of the internal and external information and compare the assigned risk values to a predetermined risk threshold and is adapted to disable the communication device when any of the risk values exceeds the predetermined risk threshold.

Cellular communication has brought about a wealth of devices suitable for use in vehicles. With the recently emerging use of cars as mobile offices and communication nodes, there has been a measurable increase in auto accidents caused by the diversion of the driver""s attention while using the communication device. Prior art technologies have provided methods used for disabling communication devices in response to a number of specific vehicle conditions. For example, in the event a vehicle""s velocity or acceleration exceeds a predetermined threshold, a controller suspends the reception or transmission of signals by the communication device. In other methods, a rapid change in the direction of travel triggers the suspension of signals to or from the communication device. These methods utilize acceleration and speed detection by sensors in the vehicle, rapid direction change detection, and acute angle vehicle changes to predict that a driver is in a relatively higher risk of being placed in an unsafe driving condition by being distracted by a wireless communication. However, these techniques do not account for a variety of other unsafe conditions or only generally relate to actual vehicle driving conditions. Further, these techniques do not account for local or regional controls which are put into place through legislation, or the like, regarding usage of communication devices in vehicles.
For example, some driving conditions not detectable by vehicle motion sensors include weather conditions, the time of day, the available light, traffic density, vehicle traction, presence of designated xe2x80x9crestricted use corridorsxe2x80x9d, authorized safety personnel and so on.
It would be desirable to have an improved system for accurately detecting unsafe driving conditions and preventing use of a communication device when unsafe conditions are determined to be present.
The invention relates to the use of wireless communication devices in moving vehicles. In particular, the invention relates to a system and method of stopping use of communication devices in moving vehicles when unsafe conditions are present.
A method for controlling use of a communication device in a vehicle is provided. The method includes setting the communication device to an enabled state at startup of the vehicle. Internal risk values are monitored that are calculated from internal information associated with at least one internal vehicle sensor. External risk values are monitored that are calculated from external information associated with at least one external information source. The internal and external risk values are compared to a predetermined risk threshold. The communication device is disabled when any of the internal and external risk values exceeds the predetermined risk threshold.
Another embodiment of the present invention contemplates computer readable code and/or hardware to execute these steps as set forth in the above paragraph.
In alternate embodiments, the communication device is disabled when any single risk value exceeds the predetermined threshold or any combination of the internal and/or external risk values exceeds the predetermined threshold.
The internal sensors can provide internal information from a headlight system, a wiper system, a traction-control system, an ABS, a vehicle proximity system, a speedometer, an accelerometer, and a position of the communication device. The external information can include weather information, GPS information, safety information, corridor information, and time information. The corridor information may include any combination of external information and may include time and location.
In another embodiment, the communication device can include an override switch that manually enables the communication device to be enabled regardless of driving conditions.
In another embodiment, the method for controlling use of a communication device in a restricted use corridor includes determining a current location of the vehicle, determining whether the current location of the vehicle falls within the corridor and disabling the communication device when it is determined that the current location of the vehicle falls within the corridor.
In yet another embodiment, the method for controlling use of a communication device in a restricted use corridor includes determining a current time of day, determining whether the current time of day falls within a restricted use time period of the corridor and disabling the communication device when it is determined that the current location falls within the corridor and the current time falls within the restricted use time period of the corridor.
Another embodiment of the present invention contemplates limiting the time of use of the communication device to a predetermined time period.
Another embodiment of the present invention includes a method for controlling use of a communication device in a vehicle including setting the communication device to an enabled state at startup of the vehicle. A current time and location of the vehicle is determined. Internal risk values are monitored that are calculated from internal information associated with at least one internal vehicle sensor. External risk values are monitored that are calculated from external information associated with at least one external information source. The current time, location, and internal and external risk values are transmitted to a controller. A corridor query is performed to obtain a corridor risk threshold. The internal and external risk values are compared to the corridor risk threshold. The communication device is disabled when any of the internal and external risk values exceeds the corridor risk threshold.
Another embodiment of the invention contemplates computer readable code and/or hardware to execute the steps of controlling use of a communication device in a vehicle as set forth in the above paragraph.
The present invention provides a system for controlling use of a communication device in a vehicle including a plurality of internal vehicle sensors, the vehicle sensors adapted to provide internal information. A receiver is adapted to receive external information from an external source and a controller is adapted to receive the internal information and the external information. The controller is adapted to assign a risk value to each of the internal and external information and compare the assigned risk values to a predetermined risk threshold and is further adapted to disable the communication device when any of the risk values exceeds the predetermined risk threshold.
In another embodiment of the present system the internal information includes information from at least one of the vehicle headlights, wipers, traction control system, ABS, proximity system, speedometer, clock and accelerometer. The external information includes at least one of position, road condition, weather, safety and corridor information.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more particular description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawing wherein like reference numbers represent like parts of the invention.

Method and system for preventing unsafe communication device usage in a vehicle

International Business Machines Corporation


A piston and cylinder arrangment for an internal combustion engine designed to run on diesel and similar fuels, comprises a cylinder defining a main combustion chamber, a piston reciprocatable within said cylinder and having a thermally insulating plate on its upper surface, a cylinder head including a precombustion chamber, a fuel injector for injecting fuel into said precombustion chamber, and a thermally insulated block of material with high heat retention ability surrounding the precombustion chamber to maintain a high temperature a high temperature of at least about 500.degree. C. in the precombustion chamber and thereby facilitate fuel ignition at moderate compression ratios. A mass of material with high heat retention ability is mounted on the insulated surface of the piston so as to remain at a high temperature during running of the engine and facilitate the combustion process during the downward stroke of the piston.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a piston and cylinder arrangment for internal combustion engines, and more particularly for internal combustion engines designed to run on diesel and similar fuels.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Traditionally direct injection diesel engines that are naturally aspirated and run on heavier fuels, such as diesel, require high compressions ratios of at least 17:1, and preferably in the order of 22 to 1 for precombustion chamber engines, to operate successfully with relatively clean exhaust. This means that the engine must be made strong enough to withstand the cylinder pressures associated with these compression ratios, which in turn makes the engine heavy and cumbersome. Diesel engines have, however, certain advantages that make them suitable for applications where durability is important. The absence of an electrical ignition system makes them less prone to break down in moist environments, and their relative mechanical simplicity enhances their ruggedness. An important attractive feature of diesel engines is the lower volatility of diesel fuels, which permits the engines to be transported on aircraft or other vehicles where the high volatility of gasolines is problematic. The transportation of gasoline engines, for example for powering generator sets, is not permitted on military aircraft.
Unfortunately, the bulkiness of diesel engines has hitherto been a major disadvantage in mobile applications, especially when they have to be delivered to site by aircraft. The key to reducing the weight of the engine is to use lower compression ratios, ideally of the order of 14/15:1 or lower, as for conventional lightweight gasoline engines. Unfortunately, with these compressions ratios it is hard to get diesel fuels to ignite.
Previous attempts have been made to run an engine on diesel or kerosene-based fuels at low compression ratios using spark ignition systems. This has been recently demonstrated at South West Research Institute (SWRI) in a joint project (1) between SWRI and Sanshin Industries (a unit of Yamaha). In the SwRI/Sanshin (S/S) project, an energy cell (EC) approach was developed to improve combustion efficiency at the end of the combustion stroke. This made it possible to produce 21.3 kW (IHP) and 160 gm/hp/Hr Indicated Specific Fuel Consumption (ISFC) at 5500 rpm. The problem encountered with this system was fuel inefficiency at full and part loads. An efficient diesel engine will consume approximately 130 gm/hp/H, and the full benefit of diesel efficiency could not be realized due to heat transfer through the cylinder head via the energy cell and the low compression ratios of 10:1. Also, apart from detracting from one of the main advantages of the diesel engine, namely the absence of an electrical ignition system, such systems have not undergone much further development, as they tend to have a dirty, exhaust with a high levels of exhaust emission of mainly unburned hydrocarbons.


Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a vent monitoring system that includes a first sensor configured to provide feedback indicative of an amount of a substance accumulated in the vent, a second sensor configured to provide feedback indicative of a temperature in the vent, and a control system communicatively coupled to the first sensor and the second sensor, where the control system is configured to generate a notification when the feedback from the first sensor exceeds a first target level and when the feedback from the second sensor exceeds a second target level.

The present disclosure relates generally to monitoring systems, and more particularly, to a vent or chimney monitoring system.
Vents may be utilized to direct various gases, such as smoke, steam, air, other exhaust gases, from within a structure or enclosure toward an external or ambient environment. In some cases, liquid or solid materials may be captured or otherwise mixed with the gases being directed toward the external or ambient environment through the vent. Such materials may ultimately accumulate within a conduit of the vent, which could limit or restrict a flow of the gases through the vent. In addition to limiting the flow of the gases through the vent, the accumulation of the liquid or solid materials may reduce an efficiency of a system utilizing the vent, such as a fireplace, a boiler, a burner, or a dryer. Existing monitoring systems for vents typically rely on feedback indicative of a temperature within the vent to determine a condition of the vent. Unfortunately, the temperature within the vent may not provide a comprehensive analysis of the condition of the vent and may not enable maintenance of the vent to be performed before a potential risk event occurs.


An automatic tip changer for an automatic multichannel pipettor comprises a plurality of pipettes arranged in a pipetting head. Each of the pipettes arranged in the pipetting head is directly connected to a tip. A magazine which is outfitted with tips and lying in a magazine frame is pressed against the pipetting head. A supply carousel is provided for storing a plurality of stacking boxes in which magazines outfitted with tips are deposited. A lifting group which is arranged in a stationary manner relative to the supply carousel and the magazines are positioned successively in a mounting plane which is determined by the position of the magazine frame. A sliding group is included which is arranged in a stationary manner relative to the lifting group and by which the magazines are displaceable back and forth successively between the stacking box and the magazine frame.

a) Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an automatic tip changer for automatic multipipettors.
b) Description of the Related Art
Automatic multichannel pipettors can be distinguished basically by the way that the pipettes arranged in the pipetting head are connected with the associated pipette tips (tips), i.e., those with a frictional-positive connection and those with a purely frictional connection between the open ends of the pipettes and the receiving openings of the tips.
Of these two groups, the CyBi™-Well 96, CyBi™-Well 384 and CyBi™-Well 1536 automatic pipettors manufactured by CyBio AG belong to the latter. These automatic pipettors have a pipetting head with 96 or 384 pipettes which are arranged in a 8×12 format and 16×24 format, respectively, and whose open ends open into a plane surface oriented perpendicular to the respective pipette axis. A plate-shaped elastomer seal is placed on the plane surfaces of all pipette ends in common and, in accordance with the grid or format of the pipettes, has openings with a diameter equal to the open ends of the pipettes.
In order to connect the pipettes to a tip, a tip magazine (magazine) outfitted with tips is pressed against the elastomer seal. In order to position the receiving openings of the tips relative to the open ends of the pipettes, the loaded magazine is inserted as far as a stop into a sliding guide (magazine frame 35) located at the pipetting head and the magazine frame 35 is then lifted toward the pipetting head, so that the receiving openings of the tips tightly contact the elastomer seal. To remove the magazine, the magazine frame 35 is lowered again, so that the indirect frictional connection between the open end of the pipettes and the receiving openings of the tips is detached. Changing magazines was formerly carried out manually in the CyBi™-Well.
There are also other known automatic multichannel pipettors in which the tips and the magazines outfitted with tips are changed automatically.

Automatic tip changer for automatic multipipettors


In a radio communication apparatus, a frequency offset calculator of the radio communication apparatus calculates a frequency offset of the received radio signal from the reception frequency of the radio communication apparatus. An averaging unit averages the frequency offset calculated by the frequency offset calculator. A moving speed calculator calculates the moving speed of an associated radio communication apparatus with which the radio communication apparatus is communicating, based on the frequency offset calculated by the frequency offset calculator. An averaging time changer changes an averaging time for which the frequency offset is averaged by the averaging unit, in accordance with the moving speed of the associated radio communication apparatus calculated by the moving speed calculator.

In mobile communications, a radio communication apparatus fails to properly receive a radio signal to be received if the reception frequency thereof differs from the frequency of the radio signal. Accordingly, a radio communication apparatus used in mobile communications is equipped with AFC (Automatic Frequency Control) so that the reception frequency thereof can be adjusted to the frequency of a radio signal to be received (see, e.g., Japanese Laid-open Patent Publications No. 2006-349587, No. 07-74726, and No. 2002-26769).
Meanwhile, in cases where a radio terminal moves at high speed near a radio base station, for example, where a Shinkansen bullet train moves through a tunnel while the radio terminal is used in the train, the phase of the radio signal undergoes ultrafast polarity reversal due to the Doppler effect. The AFC of the radio base station therefore needs to have very high tracking capability so that such a radio signal can be properly received.
On the other hand, phase rotation of the received signal observed at the radio base station originates mostly from instability of the oscillator. Thus, where noise and the like attributable to instability of the oscillator is taken into consideration, the AFC needs to have high stability, rather than high tracking capability.
The tracking capability and stability of the AFC are in the trade-off relationship. Thus, if the tracking capability of the AFC is enhanced in order that the radio signals from radio terminals moving at high speeds can be received, the reception quality of radio signals from radio terminals moving at low speeds lowers. On the other hand, if the stability of the AFC is enhanced so as to improve the reception quality of radio signals from slow-moving radio terminals, then it is difficult to receive radio signals from fast-moving radio terminals.
In this manner, it has been difficult to improve both the reception quality of radio signals from fast-moving radio terminals and that of radio signals from slow-moving radio terminals.

Radio communication apparatus and frequency offset calculation method


A security tag for being mounted to a container seal includes a sensor element having a sensor volume which is filled at least partly with an indicator material, an indication area arranged at the sensor volume, and a manipulator element configured to cause, with an abrupt mechanical deformation at the container seal, when opening same, an irreversible, physical and/or chemical alteration of the indicator material which may be perceived visibly or in a tactile manner in the indication area.

The present invention relates to a security tag for being mounted to a container seal, and to a container seal including a security tag. In particular, the present invention relates to a container seal including a security tag (sensor seal) which may be employed basically in all resealable containers having a screw lid for vacuum-packed products, such as, for example, food, in order to indicate reliably whether the container is still originally sealed, whether the packaging is damaged or has already been opened, or whether the seal itself is damaged or untight.
With vacuum-packed food and other products which may be arranged in receptacles or containers including resealable screw lids, it is frequently difficult to judge whether these containers are still originally sealed, whether the packaging is damaged or has already been opened, or whether the seal is damaged or untight. This is particularly critical with regard to food, in particular with baby food, since in this case, after opening the seal lid, the contents or good may decay relatively quickly through contamination with microbial germs. Consuming food gone bad may cause heavy health consequences, in particular for children and elderly people.
"Paper seals" glued to the container over the edge of the container seal are frequently to be found with screw lids for containers. Only after opening the lid will the paper tear and thus indicate that the product has already been opened. However, these paper seals may easily be damaged or torn from outside, thereby pretending that the container has already been opened. Damaging the original seal thus results in an enormous insecurity on the part of consumers, who will not purchase such products and consequently lose confidence in the quality of the products and the manufacturer. Additionally, these containers have to be removed from the shelf and disposed of.
Apart from these sealing systems, there are seals for containers which indicate, using a mechanical process, whether the respective container has already been opened, as is exemplarily shown in the patent publication DE 10 2005 013 435 A1. These seals for containers include an interior part and an exterior part which, after opening the container for the first time, are fixed in a defined angular position to each other, wherein the angular position of the interior part relative to the exterior part may be recognized visually and/or in a tactile manner at the front in the sight opening. However, the setup of these seal lids is relatively complex, rather unclear and relatively complicated and, thus, expensive in manufacturing.
Additionally, there is vacuum-packed food in glasses, such as, for example, baby food, fruit juice, bottled vegetables or fruit and sauces, provided with a seal lid which produces a sound when opening the container, such as, for example, the glass or packaging. However, the sound cannot always be perceived clearly (in particular when opening the seal lid slowly). Recognizing whether the seal lid is still originally sealed is particularly difficult when the consumer is, for example, in a noisy environment, such as, for example, with urban traffic, at a station, in a factory, in kindergarten, etc. Additionally, the sound when opening the container is of no use at all for, for example, persons hard of hearing or deaf persons. These persons will consequently not be able to evaluate whether the product is in a correct state or whether the packaging has been damaged or already been opened, and thus the quality of the food is diminished or whether decay has already started as a consequence of potential microbial contamination.
This increases insecurity on the part of consumers, which is of particularly high importance with baby food and frequently results in unnecessary disposal of food and products which actually are still in a correct state.
Departing from this known technology, it is the object of the present invention to provide a security tag for a container seal by means of which both reliable and also easy visual and/or tactile checking is possible so as to recognize whether a container is still originally sealed or not.

Security tag for a container seal and container seal including a security tag

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.


Replacing the functionality of an active digital loop carrier subsystem (DLCSS) or active module with a standby DLCSS or standby module in an IP addressable telecommunication switch is effected by providing only a single externally-known IP address for the module pair and then swapping the IP address of the active module for the IP address of the standby module so that externally-connected devices recognize only the IP address for the module in use. A central network management station in communication with a local nonvolatile memory element controls the IP address swapping.

This invention relates to a digital loop carrier (DLC) technology and in particular to techniques for seamless transfer of control between active and standby modules in standard telecommunication transport networks having subscriber terminations and network terminations. More particularly, the invention relates to techniques for configuring primary (main) secondary (protect) Internet Protocol (IP) addressable switching equipment to operate transparently with respect to Internet Protocol (IP)-addressable network devices. A particular class of network devices is contemplated, which employ a multiple-port switching subsystem, such as a B-32 M-14 or a S-10 switch manufactured by Fibex Systems of Petaluma, Calif.
According to the invention, replacing the functionality of an active digital loop carrier subsystem (DLCSS) or active module with a standby DLCSS or standby module in an IP addressable telecommunication switch is effected by providing only a single externally-known IP address for the module pair and then swapping the IP address of the active module for the IP address of the standby module so that externally-connected devices recognize only the IP address for the module in use.
The invention will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawings.

Method for switching between active and standby units using IP swapping in a telecommunication network


The first cold air flow door 26 and the first hot air flow door 24 for adjusting the blowout air temperature are arranged in the first air passage, and the second cold air flow door 27 and the second hot air flow door 25 for adjusting the blowout air temperature are arranged in the second air passage. When a larger target air flow volume between the target air flow volume on the first air passage side and the target air flow volume on the second air passage side is selected so as to determine an air flow volume of the blower, in an air passage to which the smaller target air flow volume is applied, while the ratio of the cold air flow volume to the hot air flow volume is being maintained constant, the passage opening area is throttled by the cold air flow door and the hot air flow door.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to air volume control conducted in an air conditioner for vehicle use. More particularly, the present invention relates to air volume control preferably applied to an air conditioner for vehicle use in which a volume of air blown out to a right region in a passenger compartment and a volume of air blown out to a left region therein are independently controlled.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, the official gazette of Japanese Patent No. 2682627 discloses an air conditioner for vehicle use in which a volume of air blown out to a right region in a passenger compartment and a volume of air blown out to a left region therein are controlled.
This prior art is composed as follows. The inside of a duct connecting a blowout portion of a single blower unit with an entrance portion of a heat exchanger for cooling (evaporator) is partitioned into a right passage and a left passage of a vehicle. An air flow distributing door composed of one plate door is pivotally arranged in this passage partitioning portion. By this one air flow distributing door, a ratio of the opening of the right passage in the duct to the opening of the left passage is changed over, so that a volume of air blown out to the right region in the passenger compartment and a volume of air blown out to the left region therein can be changed.
However, according to the above prior art, the following problems may be encountered. When the opening area of one of the right and left passages in the duct is reduced, the opening area of the other passage is necessarily increased. Therefore, it is difficult to change a volume of air only in one passage. Further, as an air flow distributing door, which is exclusively used for distributing an air blast to the right and left, is arranged in the above structure, it becomes necessary to provide a space in which the air flow distributing door is exclusively arranged. Accordingly, the size of the air conditioner is increased, which makes it difficult to mount the air conditioner on a vehicle.
In this connection, the above prior art describes a case in which a volume of air blown out to the right region of the passenger compartment and a volume of air blown out to the left region therein are controlled. However, the same problems may be encountered in a case in which a volume of air blown out to the front seat side region of the passenger compartment and a volume of air blown out to the rear seat side region therein are controlled.


A method for reproducing image data in a recording medium, and including selecting one or more camera digital data streams for reproduction, the one or more camera digital data stream including intra coded image data and/or predictive coded image data, the intra coded image data is capable of being a reference image for decoding the predictive coded image data, the predictive coded image data includes identifying information for identifying the reference image among images and is capable of being decoded based on the identified reference image by the identifying information, and decoding and reproducing the one or more camera digital data streams based on the selection.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a Time Lapse recording and reproducing method for optical disks, and more particularly, to a device and method for recording and reproducing video data on and from an optical disk using a Time Lapse recording/reproduction process.
2. Description of Related Art
Time Lapse recording devices and methods according to the related art are generally used in security systems for monitoring and recording activities in security sensitive areas, such as banks or museums. A related art Time Lapse Video Cassette Recorder (Time Lapse VCR) records and reproduces video signals on and from magnetic tapes.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a general Time Lapse VCR. As shown therein, the Time Lapse VCR includes an A/D (analog-to-digital) converter 10 for converting an analog image signal input from a camera device, such as a CCD camera, into digital image data; a buffer memory 21 for temporally storing the digital image data therein; a field memory 22 for outputting the digital image data of the buffer memory 21 when the field memory 22 is full; a D/A (digital-to-analog) converter 30 for converting the digital image data output from the field memory 22 into an analog image signal; a recording/reproducing unit 40 for recording the analog image signal on a magnetic tape; an input unit 60 for receiving a user's option or user's selection; and a controller 50 for controlling the read and write operation of the memories 21 and 22 and controlling to store the image data intermittently with a predetermined time interval according to the user input received from the input unit 60.
The controller 50 selects each frame of the image data of the buffer memory 21 with a predetermined time interval which is based on the recording time set by the user's input, and stores each of the frames in the field memory 22. In other words, the controller 50 transfers image data stored in the buffer memory 21 in frame units to the field memory 22. As a result, time-sensitive image data are compressed and stored in the field memory 22 in frame units.
When the field memory 22 is completely full, the controller 50 controls the recording/reproducing unit 40 to begin recording of an analog image signal output from the D/A converter 30. At the same time, the controller 50 continues to store the converted image data in the buffer memory 21. Upon completion of the recording operation, a frame of the image data corresponding to a predetermined time interval is transferred from the buffer memory 21 to the field memory 22 and stored therein. This process is repeated to store an image signal in a Time Lapse manner.
The Time Lapse VCR as described above must forwardly move and stop the tape repeatedly to continuously Time Lapse record the image signal based on the size of the field memory 22. This results in considerable use and wear of the deck and drum of the conventional Time Lapse VCR, so that the drum and deck must be replaced frequently. Furthermore, the magnetic tape on which the image signals are recorded and reproduced deteriorates quickly due to the friction against the heads 2 of the VCR. This affects the quality of image being displayed by the related art Time Lapse VCR and the life span of the VCR.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method and device for condensed image recording and reproduction


The embodiments of the present application provide a current modulation module, a parameter determination module, a battery heating system, as well as a control method and a control device thereof, and relate to the field of battery. The control method includes determining a state of charge (SOC), of the battery, modulating a first current flowing into windings of a motor into an alternating current when the SOC is greater than a first SOC threshold, so as to use heat generated by the alternating current in a first target module to heat the battery, and modulating a second current flowing into the windings of the motor into a direct current when the SOC is less than or equal to the first SOC threshold, so as to use heat generated by the direct current in a second target module to heat the battery.

With development of new energy, more and more fields use new energy as power. Due to advantages of high energy density, rechargeability, safety and environmental protection property, batteries have been used in a wide range of fields such as new energy vehicles, consumer electronics and energy storage systems.
However, usage of a battery in a low temperature environment would be subject to certain restrictions. Specifically, discharge capacity of the battery in the low temperature environment would be severely degraded, and the battery cannot be charged in the low temperature environment. Therefore, in order to enable a normal use of the battery, it is necessary to heat the battery in the low temperature environment.
However, in existing solutions for the heating, an external heating device is required to heat the battery, and the heating is performed in a singular way during an entire heating process, and thus flexibility of the heating is lower.

Current modulation module, parameter determination module, battery heating system, as well as control method and control device thereof

Jiangsu Contemporary Amperex Technology Limited


A method for guiding resection of local tissue from a patient includes generating at least one image of the patient, automatically determining a plurality of surgical guidance cues indicating three-dimensional spatial properties associated with the local tissue, and generating a visualization of the surgical guidance cues relative to the surface. A system for generating surgical guidance cues for resection of a local tissue from a patient includes a location module for processing at least one image of the patient to determine three-dimensional spatial properties of the local tissue, and a surgical cue generator for generating the surgical guidance cues based upon the three-dimensional spatial properties. A patient-specific locator form for guiding resection of local tissue from a patient includes a locator form surface matching surface of the patient, and a plurality of features indicating a plurality of surgical guidance cues, respectively.

Tissue removal surgery is frequently assisted by navigation technology to guide the surgical procedure in real time. For example, a biopsy may be guided by ultrasound imaging to ensure that the biopsy is performed at the required location, or removal of the intervertebral disc from a spinal segment may be guided by fluoroscopic x-ray guidance to avoid damaging the spinal cord or nerve roots. Cancer-related tissue removal procedures generally require particularly high accuracy. When performing a biopsy of tissue suspected to be cancerous, proper diagnosis relies on sample retrieval from tumor, hence from a specified location, not from nearby normal tissues. When surgically removing a tumor, any cancerous tissue inadvertently left behind may be detrimental to the patient.
Traditionally, breast tumor resection is guided by a wire penetrating the breast to reach the tumor or a radio-opaque clip placed within the tumor. Breast tumor resection is the removal of the cancerous tissue only, as opposed to removal of the whole breast. The radio-opaque clip may be placed in the tumor during a biopsy procedure. The wire insertion is guided by imaging, for example ultrasound imaging, magneto resonance imaging (MRI), or mammography. It is challenging to ensure that the entire perimeter of the tumor is removed including any filaments or fimbriae. Frequently, since some cancerous tissue remains in the breast after the resection surgery, breast tumor resection is usually accompanied by radiation treatment with the intent of destroying any unremoved cancerous tissue. Nevertheless, about one in four women having undergone breast tumor resection need to return for further resection of cancerous tissue at or near the site of the original resection.

Systems and methods for guiding tissue resection


Provided are a class of vancomycin derivatives with a structure as shown in the general formula below and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, a preparation method, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound thereof, and the use of these compounds in preparing drugs for treating and/or preventing bacterial infection diseases, in particular drugs for treating infection diseases caused by Gram-positive bacteria.

Antibiotics have achieved great success in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases in the past half century. However, their widespread use also makes drug-resistant bacterial strains become the common pathogens to cause clinical infections. While traditional infectious diseases have not yet been fully controlled, new infectious diseases and pathogens are still emerging, and the situations caused by multi-resistant microorganisms are becoming more and more serious, which has become a problem in clinical treatment. Therefore, it is very urgent and important to develop a new generation of antibiotics that are effective against drug resistant strains.
Vancomycin and norvancomycin are natural glycopeptide antibiotics extracted from actinomycete fermentation broth. Glycopeptide antibiotics have a heptapeptide core structure, and their mechanism of action is mainly to bind to a dipeptide residue of D-alanyl-D-alanine (Acyl-D-Ala-D-Ala) of bacterial cell wall precursors so as to inhibit the synthesis of peptidoglycan, and thereby prevent maturation of the bacterial cell wall. Since the first clinical use in the 1960s, glycopeptide antibiotics have been used as the last resort against Gram-positive bacteria in the treatment of bacterial infections for the past 50 years. However, since the first reported vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in clinic in 1986, the vancomycin-resistance of enterococci has become more common (>20%) and spreads to other organisms. Recently, it has been reported abroad that a new methicillin and penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus highly resistant to vancomycin (VRSA) was detected in an anti-infective therapy of a hemodialysis patient. Therefore, the importance and urgency to develop a second-generation glycopeptide antibiotic effective against drug-resistant pathogenic strains is self-evident. In the past decades, some important advances have been made in the preparation of synthetic active vancomycin analogs using structural modification strategies. Several compounds obtained by chemical modification of different natural vancomycin analogs have been approved by the US FDA, for example, oritavancin, dalbavancin and telavancin have shown good antibacterial effects against vancomycin-sensitive and resistant bacteria, MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), VRSA (vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci).

Vancomycin derivative, preparation method, pharmaceutical composition and use thereof

SHANGHAI INSTITUTE OF MATERIA MEDICA, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES


The present invention allows a reproducing device that can be used in various device environmental conditions to execute adequate output operation according to a device environmental condition. When reproducing a content signal of audio and video, a reproducing device determines a device environmental condition as the coupling state of the reproducing device and surroundings of the reproducing device. Subsequently, the reproducing device implements control according to output part information and control information that are set with being associated with the device environmental condition. Based on the output part information, either or both of a main-body output unit and an external output unit are controlled as a part for outputting audio or video. In addition, control corresponding to the registered control information is executed inside the device, or details of the control are indicated to a coupled external device.

The present invention relates to devices and methods for reproducing audio signals and video signals such as content signals, and particularly to a reproducing device used in various kinds of device environmental conditions and a reproducing method in the reproducing device.
Related arts of the invention are disclosed in e.g. Japanese Patent Laid-open Nos. 2005-39019 and 2004-140686.
In recent years, display devices as output units for in-vehicle use are being improved to achieve a higher performance and more functions, and devices that do not serve merely as a display unit but are provided with a storage unit, a reproducing and processing unit, a speaker, etc. combined with the display unit have been developed.
In addition, a proposal has also been made to use this improved display device not only as a device for in-vehicle use but also as a portable reproducing device that can reproduce video and audio content alone and a device used in combination with a home audio visual (AV) system.
That is, the recent improved device goes beyond mere an in-vehicle display unit and functions as a reproducing device that can be used in various device environmental conditions: an in-vehicle condition, an out-vehicle condition, an in-home condition, etc.

Reproducing device and reproducing method


A fitting for thick-walled pipes, having a contact region and a pressing region, the pressing region being arranged on the side of the contact region facing towards the pipe insertion opening, and the wall thickness in the pressing region being at least in sections less than the wall thickness in the contact region. The invention also relates to a method for producing a fitting for thick-walled pipes, in which a thick-walled pipe is radially widened in a fitting region arranged at one pipe end so that the internal diameter of the fitting region corresponds substantially to the external diameter of the pipe and the wall thickness in the fitting region corresponds substantially to the wall thickness of the rest of the pipe.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a fitting for thick-walled pipes, having a contact region and a pressing region, the pressing region being arranged on the side of the contact region facing towards the pipe insertion opening. The invention also relates to a system consisting of a pipe and a fitting, and to the use of the fitting to connect thick-walled pipes. The invention furthermore relates to a method for producing a fitting for thick-walled pipes, in which a thick-walled pipe is radially widened in a fitting region arranged at one pipe end so that the internal diameter of the fitting region corresponds substantially to the external diameter of the pipe and the wall thickness in the fitting region corresponds substantially to the wall thickness of the rest of the pipe, and in which a subregion of the fitting region, arranged at the pipe end, is radially stretched so that the internal diameter of the subregion is greater than the external diameter of the pipe.
2. Description of Related Art
In order to transport fluid media, for example, water, over large distances, pipes or pipe systems made of inexpensive alloys are often used in the prior art to save cost. These alloys are often not corrosion-resistant, so that the pipes gradually corrode superficially on their inside owing to the mediums conveyed in them. Typical material erosion for such surface corrosion lies in the range of from 100 to 150 μm per year.
In order to ensure a sufficient lifetime of the pipes despite the corrosion, thick-walled pipes are predominantly used so that the pipe remains leaktight for typical periods of from 10 to 30 years despite the annual material erosion. Thus, according to DIN EN 10255, medium-weight pipes with a nominal thickness of ½″ have a wall thickness of 2.6 mm and pipes with a nominal width of 4″ have a wall thickness of 4.5 mm. In terms of the surface corrosion, it is particularly important for the pipe walls in contact with the medium to have a uniform thickness, since locally thinner-walled points would otherwise lead to premature rusting through and, therefore, to leakage. The lifetime of such pipe systems is thus dependent on the wall thickness of the thinnest-walled point in contact with the medium.
The fittings used to connect the pipes represent a particular weak point. They usually likewise consist of a material which is not corrosion-resistant and, therefore, if rusting through is intended to be prevented, they must also have large wall thicknesses like the pipes.
For the production of a leaktight connection between a fitting and a pipe, in the case of thin-walled pipes with nominal widths of between 15 and 108 mm, it is conventional to compress the fitting with the thin-walled pipe. It has been found that long-term leaktightness of the connection is ensured in this way. Such a connection is disadvantageous for thick-walled pipes since, owing to the large wall thickness of the fittings used to connect thick-walled pipes in the prior art, such compression is very difficult because of the high rigidity of the thick-walled fittings and is possible only with very high force application using particularly elaborate and expensive pressing tools. For this reason, in the prior art such a fitting is conventionally not connected to a thick-walled pipe by compression, but in a different way. In particular, threaded connectors according to DIN EN 10242 based on screws and clamps are used. The installation of such connections is time consuming and is accompanied by a laborious preparation of the pipe ends to be connected. Such connections, further more, have the disadvantage that they do not achieve the durability of compressed connections and/or they require more elaborate and, therefore, more expensive fittings.

Fitting for thick-walled pipes and method for its production


A pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system is provided for supporting higher data rates beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). The method for operating a primary base station in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes transmitting, to a secondary base station, an addition request message. The addition request message carries information of a secondary cell group (SCG) split bearer. The method further includes receiving, from the secondary base station, a response message of the addition request message.

To meet the demand for wireless data traffic having increased since deployment of 4th generation (4G) communication systems, efforts have been made to develop an improved 5th generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system. Therefore, the 5G or pre-5G communication system is also called a 'Beyond 4G Network' or a 'Post Long Term Evolution (LTE) System'.
The 5G communication system is considered to be implemented in higher frequency (mmWave) bands, e.g., 28 GHz or 60 GHz bands, so as to accomplish higher data rates. To decrease propagation loss of the radio waves and increase the transmission distance, the beamforming, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), Full Dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, an analog beam forming, large scale antenna techniques are discussed in 5G communication systems.
In addition, in 5G communication systems, development for system network improvement is under way based on advanced small cells, cloud Radio Access Networks (RANs), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wireless backhaul, moving network, cooperative communication, Coordinated Multi-Points (CoMP), reception-end interference cancellation and the like.
In the 5G system, Hybrid frequency shift keying (FSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (FQAM) and sliding window superposition coding (SWSC) as an advanced coding modulation (ACM), and filter bank multi carrier (FBMC), nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) as an advanced access technology have been developed.
The term "5G" refers to the fifth generation mobile communication technology. Unlike the previous four generations, 5G is not a single wireless technology, but a fusion of existing wireless communications technologies. Currently, the peak rate of the LTE (Long Term Evolution) can reach 100 Mbps. The peak rate of 5G will reach 10 Gbps, which is 100 times more than that of 4G. Existing 4G networks have limited spontaneous capabilities and cannot support some traffics related to high-definition video, high-quality voice, augmented reality, virtual reality and etc. 5G will solve the problems of 4G networks by introducing more advanced technologies to meet the demand for traffic growth of mobile services by means of more high spectrum efficiency, more spectrum resources and more intensive cells, and etc., and will build a network society with high transmission rate, high capacity, low latency, high reliability and excellent user experience. As shown in FIG. 1, a 5G architecture may include a 5G access network 120 and a 5G core network 130. A UE 110 communicates with a data network 140 through the access network 120 and the core network 130. In the first phase of the network evolution from 4G to 5G, LTE base stations will continue to be used, while 5G terminals and 5G features will be supported. Therefore, some 5G base stations will be deployed, and these base stations can serve as secondary base stations to provide data transmission to UEs together with LTE base stations.
Therefore, a technical solution supporting the network evolution from 4G to 5G is desired.

Method and apparatus for data transmission in wireless communication system


An isolator seal includes a stator member for placement into the stator of rotating equipment and a rotor member for placement onto a rotary shaft of the rotating equipment. The stator member and the rotor member provide respective adjacent surfaces, while a static shut-off device engages both adjacent surfaces when the rotor member is static and disengages one or more of the surfaces when the rotor member is dynamic. In one embodiment of the invention at least one of the surfaces is inclined to the longitudinal axis at an angle greater or less than 90°. In a further embodiment, the static shut-off device includes a resilient annular sealing member and an auxiliary member, which can move between a first position, when the rotor member is static, at which the auxiliary member compresses the resilient annular member into engagement with both surfaces, and a second position at which the compression on the resilient member is reduced, so that the resilient annular member disengages one or more of the rotor and stator surfaces when the rotor is dynamic.

The purpose of a bearing protector is to prevent the ingress of fluid, solids and/or debris from entering a bearing chamber. Equally, bearing protectors are employed to prevent the egress of fluid or solids from a bearing chamber. Essentially, their purpose is to prevent the premature failure of the bearing.
Bearing protectors generally fall into two categories: repeller or labyrinth bearing protectors; and mechanical seal bearing protectors. Reference is made to our co-pending mechanical seal bearing protection application WO-A-2004005770, which discloses a substantially contacting bearing protector.
A labyrinth bearing protector typically includes a component which is mounted for rotation about a shaft and axially fixed in relation thereto. For example, the shaft may be that of a pump or other piece of rotating equipment. The protector includes a static component which is also axially fixed and is butted or secured to the stationary part of the equipment.
The rotating component typically has a complex outer profile which is located adjacent and in close radial and axial proximity to a complex inner profile of the stationary component. Together these complex profiles, in theory, provide a tortuous path preventing the passage of the unwanted materials or fluids.
A labyrinth bearing protector normally works only during the operation of the equipment. This is because the design relies on the counter rotation of the rotary and stationary component to create centrifugal forces, which discourage the passage of fluid radially between such components.
When the equipment is static, the complex labyrinth design is unable to hold a fluid level which, in horizontal application, is at a higher radial level than the inlet position of the protector.
Furthermore, in many industrial applications, water spray, steam and foreign contaminants are directed at the bearing protector when the equipment is static. Traditional labyrinth designs are unable to prevent the entry of such contaminants into the bearing chamber.
Also, bearing chamber breathing is a further industrial field problem. During operation the lubrication fluid and air in the bearing chamber expand as it warms. In a traditional labyrinth seal arrangement this expansion will expel air through the labyrinth and "breath" out of the bearing chamber. Once the equipment stops, the bearing chamber cools and the air inside contracts, sucking moist air past the labyrinth arrangement and back into the bearing chamber. This is referred to as "breathing" in.
A mechanical seal bearing protector can overcome the static limitations of the labyrinth design. However, these devices can suffer from other problems such as excessive heat generation in high shaft speed applications or when there is marginal or no lubrication at the seal faces. Therefore the use of mechanical seal bearing protectors is limited.
There is a need for a non-contacting labyrinth-type seal bearing protector which can seal fluids when the equipment is stationary and/or can prevent and/or reduce the volume of air-born molecules entering the bearing chamber during chamber breathing.
It would also be of advantage if a non-contacting labyrinth-type seal could repel fluid irrespective of the direction of shaft rotation. This reduces the likelihood or effect of installation error.
It could be of further advantage if a non-contacting labyrinth-type seal incorporates two repelling devices, one designed to repel fluid from escaping the bearing chamber and one designed to repel fluid from entering the bearing chamber.
Furthermore, installation ease is important with all bearing protector designs. A non-contacting labyrinth-type seal which is very axially compact is desirable so that it may be fitted into spaces previously occupied by lip seals and supplied in a one piece cartridge unit with no setting clips.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,000 (Orlowski) discloses a cartridge design having a labyrinth configuration in which the rotor and stator are locked together axially by a solid deformable annular seal or an elastomer. The elastomer is locked between two counter-rotating rectangular shaped cavities as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 of Orlowski. The elastomer is subject to frictional resistance, less by the stator and more by the rotor. The elastomer in Orlowski therefore suffers from frictional wear between the two counter-rotating bodies. This frictional wear is exacerbated by the following:                The acute angle between surfaces 23 and 22b of the rotor 14 and the 90 degrees angle of the three remaining corners of grooves 21 and 22, which come into contact with the elastomer (20). Orlowski relies on the relatively un-chamfered surfaces of these four points in contact with the elastomer, so to maintain axial proximity between the rotor and stator.        All commercially available elastomers have a cross-sectional size tolerance. This is typically +/−3% of their nominal diameter. The magnitude of Orlowski's defined frictional resistance, is therefore highly variable given this elastomer tolerance and the fact that grooves 21 and 22 will have an associated manufacturing width tolerance also.        During assembly of the seal onto the equipment, the device is axially pulled and pushed as it is moved into its final running position. This axial displacement is particularly due to the frictional drag forces from the rotary elastomer 15 and the shaft 10. This axial displacement places the elastomer 20 under shear forces since it is this elastomer which is the only element axially locking the rotor and stator together. It is therefore highly probable that the frictional resistance between the elastomer and the sides of grooves 21 and 22 will change during assembly.
All of these facts influence and rapidly increase the wear on the elastomer 20 and as such limit the elastomers useful sealing life against the ingress or egress of matter.


Clock dejitter circuits are provided and comprise control circuits for generating a plurality of pulses over a clock cycle, and clock circuits for tracking the speeds of jittered incoming data signal and based on those speeds, and utilizing the plurality of pulses generating substantially unjittered data signals at the nominal rates of the jittered incoming signals. A control circuit broadly includes a divide by value x-divide by value x+1 circuit which receives a fast input clock signal, a modulus y counter, and a count decode for providing z control pulses over the count of y, and a logic gate for taking the outputs from the count decode and controlling the divide block to guarantee hat the divide block divides the fast input clock signal by value x q times for every r times the divide block divides the fast input clock signal by value x+1; wherein q plus r equals y, and z equals either q+1 or r+1.

This invention relates generally to digital circuits for regenerating a jittered clock signal. More particularly, this invention relates to a dejitter circuit which receives a jittered telecommunications signal, and which uses a clock source of higher frequency for regenerating the telecommunications signal at the rate of the incoming telecommunications signal.
DS0, DS1, DS2, and DS3 telecommunications signals are well defined according to CCITT specifications. Essentially,, a DS0 signal is a signal having a bit rate of 64 Kbits/sec. DS1 signal is comprised of twenty-four DS0 segments plus overhead for a total bit rate of 1.544 Mbits/sec (plus or minus approximately 200 b/sec). In turn, four DS1 signals plus some overhead (bit stuffing) constitute a 6.312 Mb/sec DS2 signal, and four DS2 signals plus some additional overhead constitutes a 44.736 Mb/sec DS3 signal.
DS3 signals are commonly used between central offices for high speed communication. When the DS3 signal is received, it is often demultiplexed into its seven composite DS2 signals, with the bit stuffing utilized for control and essentially removed from the DS2 signals. In turn, the DS2 signals are often demultiplexed into their four composite DS1 signals with the DS2 bit stuffing utilized for control and essentially removed from the resulting DS1 signals. Each resulting DS1 signal has a bit rate of approximately 1.544 Mb/sec plus or minus 200 b/sec. However, because in generating the DS1 signal the overhead or stuffing bits are removed, the bit stream of the DS1 signal is gapped or "jittered". Additional jitter termed "transport" or "systematic" jitter is also found in the DS1 signal due to the fact that all systems introduce noise into the signals which they are carryinq. Jitter is undesirable as it can introduce error in the decoding of the signal.
With the advent of the optical network, additional telecommunication signals have been defined according to CCITT specifications. The basic SONET signal is an STS-1 signal having a bit rate of 51.84 Mb/sec. An STS-3 signal (155.52 Mb/sec) has three times the bit rate of the STS-1 signal. Often the STS-1 or STS-3 signals are used to carry the data payloads of DS0, DS1, DS2 and DS3 signals. In fact, the STS signals can also be required to carry the data payload of standard European signals such as a 2.048 Mb/sec signal.
Standard devices such as phase locked loops are known in the art for tracking signal rates and for generating a clock of the nominal received rate for eliminating jitter. Phase locked loops however, have several drawbacks including expense and the requirement of analog implementation. The subject invention eliminates the need for a phase locked loop through the use of a small amount of digital circuitry capable of implementation on a small section of an LSI circuit.

Clock dejitter circuits for regenerating jittered clock signals


An apparatus and method for determining axial stability compares measured wheel runout and axial instability parameters with prescribed tolerances to determine if the wheel suffers from excessive wheel play. Axial stability and runout is determined and displayed on a monitor screen such that an alignment technician can quickly assess both the degree of present wheel misalignment and the feasibility of attempting to perform a realignment operation without first repairing worn or damaged suspension parts. The attitude and location of a wheel are measured with the wheel set in a first position to determine a first vector having a predetermined relation to the wheel. The wheel is rolled back a number of degrees to a second position and the attitude and location thereof are measured to determine a second vector also having the predetermined relation to the wheel. Rearward axis parameters including a rearward rotational axis vector and a rearward runout vector are determined based on the first and second vectors. The wheel is rolled forward to a third position which is substantially equal to the first position and the attitude and location of the wheel are measured to determine a third vector also having the predetermined relation to the wheel. Forward axis parameters, including a forward rotational axis vector and a forward runout vector, are determined based on the second and third vectors. Dynamic stability vectors including a rotational axis stability vector and a runout stability vector are determined based on the forward and rearward axis parameters.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to a method and apparatus for determining wheel runout and axial stability of the wheels of a motor vehicle. More specifically, the present invention pertains to a method and apparatus for measuring axial stability of vehicle wheel systems and for determining whether or not the wheel suspension and associated mechanisms of a vehicle fall within predetermined tolerances such that alignment is feasible without prior repair or replacement of parts.
2. Terms and Definitions
"Camber" is the angle representing the inward or outward tilt from true vertical of a wheel. Camber is positive if the top of the wheel tilts outward.
"Geometric center line" is the line that runs from a point on the rear axle midway between the rear wheels to a point on the front axle midway between the front wheels.
"Toe" is the angle formed by a front to back line through the wheel compared to the geometric center line. Traditionally, Camber and Toe measurements for a wheel are relative measurements i.e. relative to a vertical plane or to another wheel.
"Roll" is the angle measured about a true axis of the wheel.
3. Description of the Prior Art
Proper maintenance of a motor vehicle typically includes a periodic wheel alignment diagnostic test in order that proper tire wear and safe handling may be achieved. However, many vehicles that are brought into a shop for alignment inspection actually have more serious suspension problems that cannot be corrected by simple realignment. If any of the wheels of the vehicle are seriously out of alignment, excessive or uneven wear of the tires can result and adversely affect the handling and stability of the vehicle. In addition to simple misalignment, a vehicle may have some degree of runout or wobble which indicates that the plane of the wheel is not precisely perpendicular to its axis of rotation. Such problems may be caused by defective bearings, a defective or damaged suspension system, or a defective, worn, or damaged steering system. Numerous devices and systems for determining the alignment of motor vehicle wheels are well known and used throughout the world to facilitate the alignment of wheels supported by a myriad of types of suspension systems.
However, if a vehicle wheel exhibits excessive runout, suspension play, or wheel play, the use of instruments mounted on the wheels may not produce an accurate alignment reading unless compensation is provided. Methods for determining compensation for runout of a wheel of a vehicle are well known and typically include interval measurements of position and orientation of a wheel as it is moved through a series of predetermined positions displaced from a known starting position. The measurement values are then processed to determine angular relations which yield runout characteristics that can be factored into the alignment operations. It is possible to determine and compensate for some wheel play when aligning a vehicle wheel. But, if the wheel suffers from excessive wheel play, then realignment of the wheels is useless.

Apparatus and method for determining axial stability


A sleeve for storing and permitting removal of containers having an outwardly extending upper flange includes a bottom panel with a pair of side edges, each connecting to a side panel, and a top panel that extends between the side panels. The bottom panel includes at least one opening spaced from the side edges. The opening is sized smaller than the flange, but large enough to permit the container to extend partially therethrough so that the bottom panel supports the flange. One or more slits can extend generally outward from the opening and are spaced from the side edges. The slits are configured to increase the size of the opening so that the flange can pass therethrough, allowing the container to be removed. The opening then at least partially returns to its initial size, so that a container subsequently received in the opening is supported by the bottom panel.

In the field of food packaging, it is well known to provide cartons or packaging systems for carrying several smaller containers at once. The packaging system may be in the form of a sleeve containing multiple smaller containers. Often the smaller containers hold any of a variety of food or beverage items. One type of smaller container is a cup with a lid. An example sleeve is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,570,795 which illustrates a sleeve containing two stacked rows of containers. The containers, however, are difficult to remove without destroying the sleeve. For example, removing a container from the bottom row can result in tearing of the sleeve, and can render the sleeve unusable for storing remaining containers.
One prior packaging system using a sleeve is configured to permit improved removal of a desired container. U.S. Pat. No. 6,926,147 describes a sleeve to hold a number of containers. Frangible portions are provided in fold lines adjacent openings in the bottom of the sleeve. The openings extend to the fold lines. When a user wants to remove a cup from the bottom row of the sleeve, the frangible portion can be broken along the fold line to increase the size of the opening to allow the cup to be pulled sideways and removed from the sleeve. Disadvantageously, once the frangible portion has been broken the sleeve is weakened and a cup positioned above the removed cup that subsequently drops into the opening may not be properly restrained from also exiting the sleeve laterally. Additionally, fold lines are usually inherently weak structurally, so a tear along a fold as provided by the frangible portions can have a propensity to continue tearing, and can result in a sleeve unsuitable for storing the remainder of the cups and/or permitting proper dispensing


A watch having a civil time display (12, 16), a solar time display (13, 18) and a mechanism for correction (24, 34, 36) of these displays. The correction mechanism is arranged in such a way as to allow the relative desynchronization of the civil time and solar time displays. A way of displaying this desynchronization (20, 22) is provided.

1) Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to watches comprising a solar time display. The management of time, on our planet, is nowadays based on a time reference, called GMT and on a structure of time zones within which the civil time is the same everywhere. Such a definition of time greatly simplifies human relationships. This time is, however, offset with respect to solar time, dependent on the longitude of a place, and which is displayed by sundials. The goal of the present invention is to propose a watch making it possible to ascertain both the civil time and the solar time, for any longitude and in any time zone.
To this end, the watch according to the invention comprises civil time display means, solar time display means and means of correction of the civil and solar time displays. According to the invention, the means of correction are arranged in such a way as to allow a relative manual desynchronization of the civil time and solar time display means. Moreover, this watch comprises means for displaying this desynchronization.
Hence, in order for the watch to actually display the solar time, it suffices that the civil time display means indicate the civil time of a time zone to be taken into account, and the means of display of the desynchronization the difference between the longitude of the middle of this time zone and the longitude of the place in question.
2) Description of Related Art
Admittedly, it is already known to display a desynchronization with reference to the mean solar time. Such a solution is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,184,333. It pertains to a watch displaying the equation of time, that is to say the difference between the mean solar time and the true solar time. This desynchronization is performed automatically by means of a mechanism making one revolution in a year and driving a cam which controls the display. The information displayed is, in fact, valid only for the median position of a given time zone, everywhere else, the information displayed is erroneous, both for the true solar time and for the mean solar time.
Additionally, timepieces are known that allow an astronomical bearing to be taken, for example through U.S. Pat. No. 1,459,710, which describes a small clock that displays both the solar time and the sidereal time, thus allowing a bearing to be taken either at night or by day, to the extent that the sky is clear.


In an example, a machine learning (ML) processor emulator can be configured to emulate a legacy processor for emulating a legacy program. The emulator environment can include virtual registers storing operand data on which an operation is to be performed based on a respective instruction from instruction data representative of the legacy program. The ML processor emulator includes a processor ensemble engine that includes ML modules generated by a different ML algorithm, and a voting engine. Each ML module can be configured to emulate an instruction set of a processor and process the operand data according to the operation of the respective instruction to produce a set of candidate result data. The voting engine can be configured to identify a subset of candidate result data from the set of candidate result data and provide output data with content similar to the subset of candidate result data.

A processor or processing unit is a digital circuit that performs operations on some external data source, usually memory or some other data stream. It typically takes the form of a microprocessor, which can be implemented on a single metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated circuit chip. A central processing unit (CPU) is an electronic circuit that is configured to execute instructions that define a computer program. The CPU performs basic arithmetic logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions in the computer program. In computing, a legacy system is an old method, technology, computer system, or program (e.g., application program) "of, relating to, or being a previous or outdated computer system." yet still in use.
Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence in which a computer uses algorithms and statistical models to accurately perform tasks without using explicitly coded instructions after having analyzed a learning or training data set, in effect relying on patterns and inferences to generalize from past experiences. ML-based systems can be capable of solving problems not previously seen or considered and for which it would not be possible to code for every individual case. Types of ML algorithms include, among others, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and feature learning. Types of ML models that can be trained on the training data include artificial neural networks, decision trees, support vector machines, regression analysis models, Bayesian networks, genetic algorithms, principal components analysis, and cluster analysis.

Systems and methods for emulating a processor


It is an object of the present invention to provide a conductive member for use in OA equipment which shows very stable conductivity in the volume resistivity range of 105 to 1012 Ω·cm, the conductivity of which is less dependent on the voltage applied and varies only slightly during continuous energization and upon changes in environmental factors such as temperature and humidity and which will not stain photoconductors due to bleeding or blooming.

OA equipment including electrophotographic apparatus and electrostatic recording apparatus such as copiers, facsimile equipment, printers are constituted of various parts, and blades, rollers and belts are essential parts playing such a roll as charging, developing, transfer, fixation, static electricity elimination, cleaning, paper feeding, transportation or the like in electrophotographic processes. These parts are mostly made of polyurethane materials and, in many cases, they must be provided with a conductivity of about 104 to 1012 Ω·cm from the functional viewpoint.
The measures that have so far been taken for providing polyurethane members for OA equipment parts with conductivity comprise, for example, molding polyurethane materials obtained by adding and dispersing an electronically conductive substance such as carbon black, a carbon fiber, carbon flakes, a metal powder, a metal fiber, metal oxide whiskers, to and in polyurethanes, or by adding and dissolving an ionic conductive substance such as a perchlorate or an ammonium salt, to and in polyurethanes.
However, it is very difficult to provide such moldings wholly and uniformly with stable conductivity by the method comprising addition and dispersion of carbon black or a metal powder, for instance, since a slight deviation in the amount of addition of such a substance, slight changes in conditions such as material temperature, molding temperature, molding time and, further, the use of a different molding method result in changes in conductive path morphology, hence in great variations in conductivity, in particular in the volume resistivity range of 106 to 1011 Ω·cm. Further, the addition of such substances to polyurethane materials sometimes leads to a marked increase in system viscosity, making molding thereof difficult and impairing the mechanical properties of moldings themselves. Furthermore, these substances are generally higher in specific gravity than polyurethanes, so that these substances sometimes settle during storage or molding, leading to failure to attain the desired level of conductivity. Moreover, with the conductive polyurethanes obtained by such methods, the electric resistance is highly dependent on the voltage applied and the electric resistance changes markedly during continuous energization, hindering the development of high-performance electrophotographic apparatus and electrostatic recording apparatus.
On the other hand, for attaining a desired level of conductivity, in particular a volume resistivity in the range of 105 to 1010 Ω·cm, by the method involving addition and dissolution of an ionic conductive substance such as a perchlorate or an ammonium salt, it is necessary to add the ionic conductive substance in a relatively large amount. This produces problems; not only the cost increases but also the mechanical properties of moldings themselves are weakened and/or the ionic conductive substance bleeds out or blooms on the surface of moldings to contaminate photoconductors, papers and the like. Furthermore, since such substances are generally used in the form of masterbatches prepared by dissolving them in a highly hygroscopic substance such as polyethylene glycol, only those moldings which readily absorb moisture and show great changes in conductivity upon temperature and humidity changes can be obtained. Furthermore, the moldings obtained show a strong tendency toward great changes in resistance during continuous energization.

Abstract: The present invention provides a conductive member for OA equipment, which is obtainable by molding a composition comprising a non-ether-based polyurethane and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imidolithium.


A server receives a verification request sent by a client associated with a recipient of an electronic message to verify authenticity of a sender of the electronic message, where the verification request comprises message data of the electronic message and a salt hash value. The server identifies a key for the sender for generating a salt hash value and generates the salt hash value using the salt key and the message data. The server determines whether the generated salt hash value matches the salt hash value received in the verification request and sends a result to the client based on the determination of whether the salt hash values match.

'Spam' is the use of electronic messaging systems to send unsolicited bulk messages indiscriminately. 'Email spoofing' is email activity where a user alters properties of an email message, such as the 'From' and 'Reply-To' fields in a message header to make the email appear to be from someone other than the actual sender. Thus, an email message can appear to be sent from the address indicated in the From field, but is actually sent from another source. Email spoofing is commonly used for Spam email and phishing to hide the origin of an email message. 'Phishing emails' are email messages purporting to be from a trusted entity that attempt to deceive users into providing account or identify information. For example, an email purports to be from a trusted entity, such as an online auction web service provider eBay, Inc., and the email states that the user needs to provide information, such as credit card numbers, to correct an alleged problem with a user account.
Traditionally, email message filters have been used to help reduce phishing emails and Spam received from email spoofing. Typically, the email message filters flag received email messages based on matching a regular expression, keywords in the message body, or the e-mail address of the sender of the message. Some more advanced email message filters, particularly anti-spam filters, have used statistical approaches to reduce email message Spam received by a user. These conventional approaches, however, often prove to be unreliable and frequently mislabel legitimate email messages as spam. Consequently, users are prevented from receiving messages from authorized senders. Other traditional spam filtering solutions require email transport servers which authenticate each other. However, such implementations can be expensive and require changing existing email transport servers. Another conventional solution requires client support for cryptographic signatures and special software to allow users to 'sign' email messages. Email signing, however, has not been universally accepted. Thus, conventional email spam filtering solutions that have been focused on the recipient-side to flag email messages as potential spam are untrustworthy as admissible email messages are often mistakenly flagged as spam. Moreover, other solutions can be costly and require changes to the existing hardware.

Verifying authenticity of a sender of an electronic message sent to a recipient using message salt


A device and a method for applying a liquid medium to a roll, and/or to a rolled material, a slab or a roughed strip and/or for removing the liquid medium, wherein the device has at least one spray nozzle, at least one row of spray nozzles or at least one cooling bar for spraying on the medium and at least one plate element, which is designed for collecting the medium. The roll is designed for rolling rolled material, wherein the rolled material, the slab or the roughed strip is conveyed in a conveying direction. In order to allow an improved cooling effect of a roll to be cooled or an improved removal of descaling water, the plate element has on one of its surfaces at least one directing element, which is designed for diverting medium into a transverse direction, which lies horizontally and transversely in relation to the conveying direction.

The invention relates to a device for applying a liquid medium to a roll, in particular to a work roll of a roll stand, and/or to a rolled material, a slab or a rough strip, and/or for removing the liquid medium, wherein the device has at least one spray nozzle, at least one row of spray nozzles, or at least one cooling bar for spraying the medium, and at least one plate element which is configured for collecting the medium, wherein the roll is configured for rolling rolled material, wherein the rolled material, the slab, or the rough strip, is conveyed in a conveying direction, wherein the plate element has at least one guide element on one of its surfaces, which guide element is configured for deflecting medium in a transverse direction that is horizontal and transverse to the conveying direction. The invention furthermore relates to a method for applying a liquid medium and/or for removing the liquid medium.
The requirements in terms of the efficiency of cooling work rolls are ever increasing. In order for the efficiency to be increased, ever larger work-roll cooling media flow rates, or cooling water flow rates, are therefore installed. However, limits caused by the stagnant water on the wiper plate are set in the case of the upper work roll. The water at the top can typically not run off as fast as it is applied. A pool of water is thus formed on the upper wiper plate, in particular in the case of wide rolling mills for large plates or strip widths to be rolled. The cooling effect is hampered when the cooling water sprays into said backed-up pool of water.
Water, and emulsion, a dispersion, oil, kerosene, or other media can be used as the cooling medium. For simplification, in most instances water is referred to as said cooling medium.
A device of the above mentioned type is known from JP H06 339712A. Here is found a channel on a plate element, which channel runs horizontal and transverse to the conveying direction so that the built up cooling water can be guided away to the side.
In order for the draining of the water to be facilitated, a type of drainage is disposed in JP 61176411 A such that the water can run-off into the region behind the spray pipes. Furthermore, a drainage duct which runs transversely at 90° above the wiper is provided for the upper roll cooling in JP 06339712 A, the water being able to run into said drainage duct and drain therefrom laterally. On account thereof, the upper roll cooling is to be improved in the center, or be homogenized across the width, respectively. A more complex technology is disclosed in EP 0 899 030 B1. Here, active suctioning of the water from the region above the upper wiper plate is shown.
All previously known solutions are not particularly efficient, interfere with the unimpeded discharge of water, or are very complex, respectively.

Device and method for applying a liquid medium to a roll and/or to a rolled material and/or for removing the liquid medium


A display area for displaying images and a camera area surrounded by the display area are both founded on an array substrate. The camera area defines a transparent area and a wire-routing area surrounding the transparent area. The array substrate includes first data lines, second data lines, and first scan lines. Each first data line, each second data line, and each first scan line avoid the transparent area and cross the wire-routing area. Each second data line includes an auxiliary data line and a data line lead. The first scan lines and the auxiliary data lines are defined by a first conductive layer, the first data lines and the data line leads are defined in a second conductive layer insulated and spaced from the first conductive layer, such a stacked arrangement allows an optically-clear path for the camera to collect light.

Electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and the like, have diverse functions, and often need to combine components for functions to be available. Electronic devices incorporating a camera have been widely produced and used.
An array substrate needs to be provided with a camera area in the camera is exposed. Plurality of wires and connections in the array may obstruct the camera. An improved arrangement of the wires of the array substrate not affecting the performance of the electronic device is desirable.
There is room for improvement in the art.

Array substrate, display panel and display device