A rollerless seat track assembly and a motor vehicle seat having a rollerless seat track assembly is shown having a lower track mounted to a base or floor of a motor vehicle, and a slidable upper track attached to a seat base. The upper track has a top wall and a pair of side walls. The lower track has a pair of flanges positioned adjacent a primary load bearing contact surface. Preferably a low friction coating, such as a PTFE epoxy paint is applied to the primary load bearing contact surface of the lower track, and a preferably elongate glide strip or glide member may be affixed to a lower side of the top wall of the upper track. As the seat track slides back and forth, the glide strip would slide over the low friction coating, minimizing the efforts required to adjust the seat. Lateral stability may be enhanced by lateral stabilization ball bearings running in raceways between the upper and lower tracks. Preferably a swizel stick or retainer having a series of openings sized to receive the ball bearings is positioned in each raceway to maintain proper spacing of the ball bearings. Optionally the raceway may have four contact points with each ball bearing. The tracks may be interlocking, that is, capable of resisting upward dislocation forces.

Seats in a motor vehicle are often at least adjustable in fore and aft directions (that is, towards the front and rear of the motor vehicle) by a seat track assembly. A lower seat track is affixed to the floor of the motor vehicle, either directly or mounted on a riser or other mounting assembly. An upper seat track is affixed to the underside of the vehicle seat, directly to a base of the seat or to an angled seat pan. The seat pan and the seat risers, where employed, allow the seat to be positioned at an angle and a height deemed most suitable for an occupant of the motor vehicle. For the front seats of a motor vehicle, typically two seat track assemblies are employed, one along each side of the seat base.
In seat track assemblies, frictional forces between the tracks must be minimized to allow position adjustment with acceptable efforts. U.S. Pat. No. 2,886,095 to Heyl shows a seat track assembly having an upper track sliding over a lower track. A pair of low friction washers is attached to rivets affixed to the upper track. The rivets slide back and forth in slots in the lower track, and the low friction washers slide over the lower track on the edges of the slots. Problems with this design include travel distance limited to the length of the slot and the potential for unacceptably high friction forces as the load is concentrated on the pair of washers. Moreover, the acceptable weight that can be placed on the seat track assembly may be restricted, since the load of the seat and any occupant in the seat all travels on the lower track which is weakened by the slot running down its middle. Additionally, wobbling of the seat may occur unless additional provision is made for lateral stabilization of the upper seat track relative to the lower seat track.
A more modern and structurally robust design is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,076,530 to Dove et al in which an upper track slides over a lower track on a pair of rollers positioned in a channel defined by the lower track. The rollers act as principal load bearing elements, and ball bearing positioned on either side of the rollers between flanges of the lower track and walls of the upper track serve to provide lateral stability to the upper seat track.
It would be desirable to eliminate the need for rollers while maintaining low friction forces when the upper track slides over the lower track, as the rollers add weight, cost and complexity. Moreover, rollers require grease or a similar lubricant, with the additional requirement that the design be modified to shroud the parts to prevent the occupant of a motor vehicle from contacting the grease. Rollers produce some noise and OEM automobile manufacturers are becoming increasingly stringent in their noise requirements. In addition, the rollers occupy space in the motor vehicle that could be saved or better used as a mounting location for the lower seat tracks and/or the lower seat tracks.
In view of the foregoing, it is an object of the present invention to provide a seat track assembly for use in a motor vehicle seat to provide for at least fore and aft adjustment of the seat, that is of a robust, low friction design and reduces noise during operation.
It is an additional object of the present invention to provide, at least in preferred embodiments, a seat track assembly that allows optimization in the mounting of the lower seat track to the motor vehicle.
It is an additional object of the present invention, at least in preferred embodiments, to provide a seat track assembly of reduced cost and complexity while enhancing manufacturability.
It is an additional object of the present invention, at least in preferred embodiments, to provide a seat track assembly that does not require the use of a grease to maintain low frictional forces between the tracks.
It is an additional object of the present invention, at least in preferred embodiments, to provide a seat having a rollerless, low friction seat track assembly.
It is yet another related object of the present invention to provide such a seat track assembly that is highly reliable in operation.


The present disclosure relates to a method, a device and a storage medium for processing virus which can automatically distinguish which of processing mode is best for the current status of the electronic apparatus. The method includes: detecting a virus scan operation; in response to the virus scan operation, determining whether conditions (i) and (ii) are true, wherein the condition (i) is true when a time interval between a last time of processing virus using a first virus processing mode and the current time is larger than a preset interval, the condition (ii) is true when at least one of risk situations exist during a time period between the last time of processing virus using the first virus processing mode and the current time; if one of conditions (i) and (ii) being true, calling the first virus processing mode to scan files in the electronic apparatus.

In recent years, with the rapid development of computers, smart phones and other electronic apparatus, the computer viruses are spreading at an alarming rate. The computer viruses usually have characteristics of destructive, replication and infectivity. Computers, smart phones and other electronic apparatus once being infected with the virus, usually present that files therein are added, deleted, or changed. These operations on files may result in a series of problems, such as program crashing, system crashing, or a remote control of the apparatus, user information stolen, and so on.
In order to protect the resources of the computer, smart phones and other electronic apparatus are not infected by the computer viruses, and to ensure the safe operation of electronic apparatus, the files in the electronic apparatuses are often needed to be scanned to find whether a file is infected. If there has an infected file, the infected file is usually isolated to protect or delete.
Conventional methods for processing viruses require users to manually select modes of processing the virus, such as comprehensive killing mode or fast killing mode, and then process the viruses according to the selected mode. However, users often do not exactly know which mode should be selected under the current status of the apparatus, and also do not know the location or directory of the files easy to be infected. Therefore, the spread of the virus and the damage to the apparatus can not be prevented in time.

Method, device and storage medium for processing virus

TENCENT TECHNOLOGY (SHENZHEN) COMPANY LIMITED


The invention relates to a fluid reservoir for a paint spray gun, comprising a cup-shaped receptacle (1), a lid (2) that can be placed thereon (1) and a connecting part (3) which can be formed on the receptacle (1) or on the cover (2) and which is used to secure the fluid reservoir to the paint spray gun. According to the invention, a transition area (12) between the connecting part (3) and the receptacle (1) or the cover is embodied in a flexible manner in order to adjust the inclination of the receptacle (1) or the cover (2) in relation to the central axis (14) of the connecting part (3) in order to improve material guiding, even when the paint spray gun is inclined positions.

Conventional fluid reservoirs for paint spray guns usually feature a cup-shaped receptacle, the underside of which is provided with an opening and a connecting part for detachably connecting the receptacle to the upper side of the paint spray gun. The connecting part is usually realized in the form of a connection piece that is arranged on the bottom of the receptacle and features an external thread that is screwed into a corresponding threaded opening on the upper side of the paint spray gun. In conventional fluid reservoirs, the connecting part is normally arranged rigidly on the receptacle. However, this results in the receptacle assuming a horizontal or nearly horizontal position when it is attached to the paint spray gun and the paint spray gun is held in certain inclined positions. In this case, the feed of the paint to the paint spray gun may no longer be ensured under certain circumstances.


A ring spinning machine includes a reciprocating, displaceably supported spindle rail that is driven by a motor via a shaft that passes through the ring spinning machine. The spindle rail is arranged along opposite sides of the ring spinning machine in a longitudinal orientation of the ring spinning machine and is subdivided into sections along each of the opposite sides. Cross braces extend between the opposite sides of the ring spinning machine and connect opposite sections of the spindle rail. The shaft is supported between the sections of the spindle rail. The spindle rail is suspended from at least one cam disc that is seated on the shaft. A circumferentially biased spring is configured with the shaft or the cam disc to provide torsional compensation on the shaft.

Spindle rails of a ring spinning machine have a certain length, and a plurality of spindles are arranged next to one another thereon. Multiple spindle rails are joined together when assembling a spinning or twisting machine in the longitudinal direction and thus constitute a supporting element of the machine frame of the spinning or twisting machine. Spindle rails can be can be supported in a stationary or displaceable manner.
In ring spinning or ring twisting machines with upwardly and downwardly displaceable spindle rails, the yarn balloon always remains constant, so that—unlike with an upwardly and downwardly displaceable ring rail—there are no extreme positions in which the stress on the yarn increases when running onto the package. This results in a lower number of yarn breaks compared to ring spinning or ring twisting machines with upwardly and downwardly displaceable ring rails. In the latter-mentioned machines, the yarn tension is reduced due to the fact that the spindle speed is reduced momentarily in the extreme positions of the ring rail. However, this results in reduced production capacity. In the case of ring spinning or ring twisting machines with an upwardly and downwardly displaceable spindle rail, on the other hand, the spinning speed can be increased, and the time period of reduced speed is shortened to the minimum amount required while spinning on or off. This results in fewer variations in yarn elasticity overall, which leads to improved conditions for subsequent rewinding. Moreover, the equipment for different strokes in yarns guides, balloon control rings, and spinning rings is dispensed with.
In a ring spinning or ring twisting machine of this type (DE 688079), the opposing spindle rail sections of two machine longitudinal sides are interconnected by transverse webs. Preferably, a four-spindle belt drive is provided with which two spindles are associated on one machine longitudinal side and two spindles are associated on the other machine longitudinal side. Alternatively, a separate drive can be provided for each of the two machine longitudinal sides, for which purpose two rows of drive wheels are arranged in the machine longitudinal direction. Because of the stationarily arranged drive motor, length equalization is provided for the drive belts.
DE 19618260 relates to a ring spinning or ring twisting machine having, on each machine longitudinal side, a plurality of spindle rail sections that can be displaced upward and downward at the same time but are otherwise independent from one another, as well as drive belt-containing drive means for the spindles, each of which is associated with only one machine longitudinal side.
It is already known from DE 4102549 A1 to associate with each spindle its own jointly movable drive motor in machines in which both the spindle rail and the ring rail respectively perform raising and lowering movements.
CH 130387 discloses a spinning and twisting machine with a fixed ring rail and a moving spindle rail. It is characterized in that an intermediate gear is arranged between the fixedly supported main drive wheel and the drive wheel of the spindle drive shaft that is sitting on the spindle rail, which enables the displacement of the spindle rail.
US 20110078992 discloses a ring spinning machine with a displaceable spindle rail. The spindles are respectively driven in pairs by belts.
DE 102007000425 A1 relates to a spinning station of a spinning machine with a spindle rail that extends over the length of the machine and carries a plurality of such spinning stations, each with a spindle-bearing spindle rail, with each of the spindles being driven by an associated electric motor.
CH 711696 A2 discloses a spinning and twisting machine with a holding fixture and at least one spindle rail that is held by the holding fixture so as to be displaceable in a lifting motion along a guide. It is characterized in that the holding fixture holds a pulley device with a drawstring that is guided alternately over at least one loose and fixed roll.
One drawback of these designs is that, with very long machines, torsion can occur in the central shaft that holds the moving spindle rail, which can result in substantial deviations in the reciprocating movement of the spindle rail, depending on the machine length.

Ring spinning machine with displaceably supported spindle rail


A thin film transistor device with its leakage current being controlled is provided. With such a thin film transistor device incorporated, a liquid crystal display apparatus presents a high-contrast image at a reduced power consumption. The thin film transistor is formed on an insulating substrate. The gate electrode of the transistor is electrically floating gate electrode, which is capacitance coupled to one or more input electrodes. The liquid crystal display apparatus incorporates the thin film transistor in its switching element and/or driving circuit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a thin film transistor device and a liquid crystal display apparatus and, more specifically, to a high-performance thin film transistor device that allows its threshold value to be adjusted and a liquid crystal display apparatus that offers high-quality functions and an excellent image quality.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventional active matrix liquid crystal display apparatuses comprise thin film transistors (TFT) arranged in a matrix on a glass substrate corresponding to pixels. The liquid crystal display apparatus drives the thin film transistors by providing sequentially them with image data through a separately manufactured driving circuit and then takes advantage of the orientation of liquid crystals to present an image.
Thus, the conventional liquid crystal display apparatus needs manufacturing steps in which the external driving circuit is mounted and a TFT board is connected to the driving circuit, and such steps are one of the factors that impedes a cost reduction of the liquid crystal display apparatus.
TFTs are typically manufactured by forming semiconductor thin film layers of amorphous silicon or polysilicon on a glass substrate. Although arranging a driving circuit on the substrate in a TFT structure is contemplated, power consumption arising from through currents is increased because a leakage current in the TFT structure is large compared with a driving circuit based on a crystalline silicon. For example, to construct a D/A converter, a number of TFTs will be required, and the amount of leakage current is accordingly increased.
When a TFT is employed as a switching device for a pixel, the leakage current in the TFT greatly affects image quality. Specifically, the TFT leakage current lowers a voltage between liquid crystals, degrading an image contrast. This also makes a multi-level gradation image presentation difficult.
Since a high-density and large screen liquid crystal display is in growing demand, amorphous silicon that permits a large area, uniform film forming at low temperatures is preferred. However, one of the disadvantages of amorphous silicon is its large leakage current, which presents difficulty presenting a high-contrast, multi-level gradation image. In view of a large mobility in amorphous silicon, a device needs to be enlarged, and the leakage current is even more increased.

Inverse stagger or planar type thin-film transistor device and liquid-crystal display apparatus having floating gate electrode which is capacitively coupled with one or more input electrodes


A brush is injection molded in a multipart mold. The bristles of the brush are sequentially molded integrally with the base or handle. The bristles are extremely small and are injection molded in a unique molds. The bristle portion of the mold consists of a series a plates or semi-sphere cups, each of which is drilled with a diminutive drill bit. The plates and cups are then assembled so that the bores of the plates and cups are aligned to form the bristle containing portion of the mold. The mold portion for the bristles is injection molded with a first resin material. Then base or handle producing portion of the mold is injected with a second resin material. The selection of applicable resins, seize of bristles, spacing of bristles, viscosity of the to-be-dispensed fluid all considered in the defining of the amount of liquid to be carried and dispensed by the brush.

This invention relates to an apparatus and method for molding a plastic monolith base by the injection process, and in particular, a plastic monolith comprised of a base of plastic resin material having elongated bristles at least at one end of the monolith. The bristles in an embodiment are of the same resin material and in another embodiment the monolith and the bristles are of different resins but in any case the monolith and the bristles are integrally injection molded.

Method for injection molding a plastic monolith


A device for stacking selected sheets in an offset manner so as to facilitate print quality measurements. Certain sheets are automatically or manually selected to be offset deposited onto a stack of sheets so that an edge of the selected sheet including a number of printed measuring fields extends beyond other sheets in the stack. A measuring head transversely scans the measuring fields of the selected sheet for print quality measurements while subsequent sheets are stacked in the ordinary manner. Since subsequent sheets do not cover the extending edge of the selected sheet, sufficient time is provided to complete the scanning operation with a single measuring head without interrupting or slowing the normal stacking rate.

In sheet-fed offset printing, a printed control strip comprising information for measuring the quality of the printed sheets is often added to the printed sheets along the front sheet edge. These control strips comprise measuring fields which are sensed photoelectrically (for example, densitometrically or colorimetrically), and converted to corresponding measurement data values. The obtained data values are subsequently compared against predetermined ideal values, thus providing control data for making printing corrections such as color control adjustments. Additionally, the print control strip can be utilized for obtaining processing information, such as the rate of press operation.
The photoelectric sensing measurements of these measuring fields are sometimes obtained with a manually guided measuring head, for example, a hand-operated densitometer. However, when a substantial number of measuring fields are present in the print control strip, motorized systems have been developed to transversely drive the measuring heads (i.e., densitometers and/or colorimeters) over the print control strip in order to more rapidly obtain the measurements. Such devices are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,200,932 and 4,671,661, (corresponding to German Patent No. 2,728,738 and European Patent No. 0,149,424 A2, respectively), and in European Patent No. 0,228,347 B1.
However, these aforementioned devices require an attendant to first extract sample sheets containing the control strip out of a stack of printed sheets delivered by the printing machine. The attendant must carefully align the sheet upon a support surface (i.e., control desk) beneath the corresponding measuring device, and then activate the motorized measuring device. Thus, the measuring operation consumes a substantial amount of the attendant's time, preventing performance of other duties, including supervising and other monitoring functions.
U.S. Pat. No. 5 029,525 (corresponding to German Patent No. DE 3,612,067 A1) is directed to a system wherein specimen-sheets are automatically extracted and conveyed directly to an adjacent control desk for measurement with a traversing densitometer. However, with this system the control desk for performing the measurements must be located adjacent the printing machine, in the direction of sheet conveyance. Accordingly, accessibility to the delivery stack is significantly reduced because of the location of the control desk, and thus to remove the stack of sheets requires either that the sheets be removed laterally or else that the control desk be temporarily displaced. Additionally, the control desk increases the overall length of the printing machine. Finally, a device for removing the measured sheets must be provided so that these specimen sheets do not accumulate after the measurement procedure.
Alternatively, to rapidly obtain the measured values of a print control strip without the need for an attendant, photoelectric sensing devices are disposed directly in the printing machine. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,095,818 (corresponding to German Patent No. DE 3,034,212 C2), DD Patent Specification 158,758 and DE 3,930,782 C1 describe printing machines having this "in-line" sensing feature. However, since at higher printing speeds the measurements must be obtained extremely rapidly, these machines require a multiplicity of photoelectric sensing devices in order to scan the large number of measuring fields distributed over the format width of the sheet. Accordingly, such systems are relatively expensive and, for reasons of space, require complex scanning arrangements.
Meanwhile, U.S. Pat. No. 4,730,822 is directed to a device for stacking certain sheets on a delivery table of a printing machine in a manner offset from the other sheets in the stack. In other words, certain sheets are placed onto the stack so that an edge of the sheet sticks out from the rest of the stack. However, this device is not used for obtaining print quality measurements, but only to designate certain portions of stacks by means of the overhanging sheets, i.e., like a bookmark.

Offset sheet-stacking method and apparatus for facilitating print quality measurements of printed sheets


A method is described which uses a CMP resistant metal layer to replace the upper dielectric layer in the track width definition phase of a TMR or CPP spin valve magnetic head. The metal which is selected to be resistant to the CMP process can be rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), etc. The additional CMP resistance of the refill layer structure provides a much larger processing window which results in higher yields. A CPP head according to the invention has a metal layer according to the invention above the hard bias structures on the sides of the sensor which define the track width.

The read and write head portions of the slider for use in a typical prior art magnetic disk recording system are built-up in layers using thin film processing techniques. Typically the read head is formed first, but the write head can also be fabricated first. The conventional write head is inductive and the read sensor is magnetoresistive. In the typical process of fabricating thin film magnetic transducers, a large number of transducers are formed simultaneously on a wafer. After the basic structures are formed the wafer is cut into rows or individual transducers.
The magnetic sensor can be any one of various types including tunnel-junction (TMR) and spin valves. In TMR and some spin valves designs the current in the sensor flows perpendicular to the film (CPP). The fabrication problems for TMR and CPP spin valves sensors are different than for those where current flows in the plane of the film (CIP). FIG. 1 illustrates selected components in a TMR head 10 as viewed from the ABS. In CPP sensors the lower electrical lead 22 is also the magnetic shield S1. The upper electrical lead 23 is also the magnetic shield S2. The hard bias layer structure 16 which conventionally abuts the sensor must be electrically insulated from the sensor and the S1 shield. The hard bias structures are, therefore, sandwiched between two dielectric layers such as alumina 15, 17. The section of the head shown in FIG. 1 is along the plane which will become the air-bearing surface after further processing. The track centerline is shown on the ABS passing over the sensor structure perpendicular to the plane of the thin films. The ABS is exposed after the fabrication of the thin film structures by cutting the wafer.
Lift-off patterning is a general process that is used to define structures on the surface of a wafer. The lift-off process typically involves the deposition of resist material, followed by a sequence of other processes, including exposure, development, metal or dielectric deposition, and subsequent removal of the resist protective layer along with the unwanted materials deposited on top of the resist, in order to pattern a structure on a substrate. A CMP-assisted lift-off process uses a slurry with abrasive particles assisted by a low-pressure chemical mechanical polishing technique. The typical CMP lift-off slurry also includes surfactants, stabilizers, corrosion inhibitors and has preferably an alkaline pH.
FIG. 2 illustrates a section of wafer 11 on which a plurality of partially completed CPP magnetic heads are being manufactured according to the prior art. The phase of the fabrication process represented in FIG. 2 is when the track width of the sensor structure 14 is defined, i.e., the width of sensor structure perpendicular to the track centerline. The sensor 14 and diamond-like carbon (DLC) layer 63 have been deposited and patterned and the refill materials which form the structures at the sides of the sensor have been deposited. Since multiple materials are used in this refilling process, it is referred to as a "refill stack." The first layer of the refill stack is a dielectric such as alumina 15. The hard bias structure 16 in this example consists of three layers: chromium (Cr), a hard ferromagnetic material and tantalum (Ta). The hard bias structure 16 is followed by a second dielectric layer such as alumina 17. A thin tantalum layer 18 and a DLC layer 19 complete the layers at the selected state of the process. The portion of the dielectric layer 15 deposited on the side of sensor 14 is critical since it acts to insulate the electrically conductive hard bias materials from the sensor. After the refill materials have been deposited, a chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) is used to lift-off the photoresist (not shown) and the unneeded portions deposited films. The prior art CMP process has been partially executed in FIG. 2 to illustrate the initial stages of damage that can occur during the process. The DLC and Ta layers at the edge of the sensor have failed in that they have been completely removed when they ideally should survive the CMP. The DLC is intended to be CMP resistant, but can fail. The failure of the DLC layer results in the erosion of the edges of the upper dielectric 17, the hard bias structure 16 and the lower dielectric 15 since they are relatively fragile. In FIG. 3 the areas 26A, 26B next to the sensor 14 illustrates more severe damage that can occur during the CMP process where the lower dielectric layer 15 has been eroded exposing the side surface of the sensor 14 which means that the head will be defective. The process window in the prior art for the CMP lift-off process after deposition of the refill stack is too small for reliable, high yield manufacturing and results in frequent damage to critical structures next to the sensor.
What is needed is an improved method of fabricating the structures on the sides of the CPP sensor.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method for fabricating a CPP magnetic transducer using CMP-assisted lift-off and a CMP-resistant metal layer

Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands B.V.


A two-component addition-crosslinking silicone comprises

Both indirect and direct methods are currently used for producing ear pieces for noise and swim protection, Since the demands on user comfort are very high, the dimensional accuracy and precision fit of the silicone ear piece are extremely important, Addition-crosslinking silicones have proven to be particularly suitable, which in contrast to condensation-crosslinking silicones, undergo only slight shrinkage and therefore have particularly high dimensional stability, However, condensation-crosslinking silicones may also be used.
Condensation-crosslinking silicones according to the prior art comprise (some or all of) the following components as the base mass:
(1) Polyorganosiloxanes containing two end-position hydroxyl groups in the molecule;
(2) Polyorganosiloxanes containing no reactive groups;
(3) Reinforcing fillers having a charged or uncharged surface;
(4) Non-reinforcing fillers;
(5) Oils and/or other softeners;
(6) Other additives and customary addition agents, adjuvants, and dyes;
(7) Catalytically active additives;
(8) Inhibitors;
The compounds listed under (1) are polyorganosiloxanes containing end-position reactive hydroxyl groups having a viscosity of approximately 200 mPa·s to 400,000 mPa·s, preferably 1000 mPa·s to 350,000 mPa·s, at 23° C.
The compounds listed under (2) include silicone oils, which like the compounds under (1) are polyorganosiloxanes, but which contain groups that are unreactive for the condensation crosslinking reaction. Such compounds are described, for example, in W, Noll, "Chemie und Technologie der Silikone" [Chemistry and Technology of Silicones], Verlag Chemie Weinheim, 1968.
Reinforcing fillers under (3) generally have a BET surface of greater than 50 m2/g and include, for example, pyrogenic or precipitated silicic acids and silicon-aluminum mixed oxides. In view of their hydrophilic surface, these fillers are particularly suited for use with hydroxyl polyorganosiloxanes, but may also be made hydrophobic by surface treatment with, for example, hexamethyldisilazane or organosiloxanes or organosilanes.
The non-reinforcing fillers under (4) have a BET surface of less than or equal to 50 m2/g and include quartzes, cristobalites, diatomaceous earths, kieselguhrs, calcium carbonates, talc, zeolites, sodium aluminum silicates, metal oxide powders, and glass powders. These fillers, as in the case for the reinforcing fillers, may also be made hydrophobic by surface treatment.
Examples of compounds under (5) are hydrocarbons, particularly preferably paraffin oils.
Paint pigments and other adjuvants may also be contained as additives. For controlling the reactivity it may be necessary to use catalytically active additives (7), generally water or organic acids such as benzoic acid, or inhibitors (8) such as very short-chain, end-blocked hydroxyl siloxanes.
The condensation reaction is initiated by mixing the base mass with a curing paste as a second component, The proportion of curing paste in the mixture varies from 1 to 10 percent by weight, preferably 2 to 5 percent by weight, relative to the base mass.
A curing paste according to the prior art comprises the following components:
(1) catalyst for the condensation crosslinking, generally an organotin compound such as dibutyl tin dilaurate or dibutyl tin oxide;
(2) hydrolyzable reactants, generally silicic acid esters such as vinyl triethoxysilane or tetraethyl silicate;
(3) a carrier material, generally mineral oil products such as Vaseline; and
(4) other additives and customary addition agents, adjuvants, and dyes.
The base mass may also be mixed with a curing liquid. The curing liquid is composed of only components (1) and (2) and optionally (4), i.e., is prepared without a carrier material and therefore has a low viscosity.
Addition-crosslinking silicones according to the prior art comprise (some or all of) the following components:
(1) polyorganosiloxanes containing at least two unsaturated groups in the molecule;
(2) polyorganohydrogensiloxanes containing at least two SiH groups in the molecule;
(3) polyorganosiloxanes containing no reactive groups;
(4) noble metal catalyst;
(5) reinforcing fillers having a charged or uncharged surface;
(6) non-reinforcing fillers;
(7) Oils or other softeners;
(8) Other additives and customary addition agents, adjuvants, and dyes; and
(9) inhibitors.
The compounds listed under (1) are polyorganosiloxanes containing end-position and/or side-position reactive groups having a viscosity of approximately 50 mPa·s to 165,000 mPa·s, preferably 200 mPa·s to 65,000 mPa·s, at 23° C.
The compounds listed under (2) include SiH groups which form the polymer in an addition reaction with compounds (1) under noble metal catalysis.
The compounds listed under (3) include silicone oils, which like the compounds under (1) are polyorganosiloxanes, but which contain groups that are unreactive for the noble metal-catalyzed addition crosslinking reaction. Such compounds are described, for example, in W, Noll, "Chemie und Technologie der Silikone," Verlag Chemie Weinheim, 1968.
The noble metal catalyst (4) preferably is a platinum complex, Platinum-siloxane complexes as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,715,334, U.S. Pat. No. 3,775,352, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,814,730 which are particularly well suited.
Reinforcing fillers under (5) generally have a BET surface of greater than 50 m2/g and include, for example, pyrogenic or precipitated silicic acids and silicon-aluminum mixed oxides. The referenced fillers may be made hydrophobic, for example, by surface treatment with hexamethyldisilazane or organosiloxanes or organosilanes non-reinforcing fillers under (6) have a BET surface of less than or equal to 50 m2/g and include quartzes, cristobalites, diatomaceous earths, kieselguhrs, calcium carbonates, talc, zeolites, sodium aluminum silicates, metal oxide powders, and glass powders. These fillers, similarly as for the reinforcing fillers, may also be made hydrophobic by surface treatment.
Examples of compounds under (7) are hydrocarbons, particularly preferably paraffin oils.
Paint pigments and other adjuvants may also be contained as additives, for example finely divided platinum or palladium as hydrogen absorbers. It may be necessary to add inhibitors (9) to control the reactivity. Such inhibitors are known, and, for example, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,933,880. These inhibitors generally are acetylenically unsaturated alcohols or vinyl group-containing poly-, oligo-, and disiloxanes.
The masses are preferably formulated in two components to ensure stability under storage, The entire content of noble metal catalyst (4) should be provided in the catalyst component, and the entire content of SiH compound (2) should be provided in the second component, spatially separated from the first component, of the base mass. Mixing the two components causes the masses to cure in an addition reaction known as hydrosilylation.
The volume ratios of the two components may be from 10:1 to 1:10, Particularly preferred are volume mixing ratios of 1:1, 4:1, and 5:1 (base to catalyst component), For the paint, volume mixing ratios of 40:1 to 1:40 (base to catalyst component) are preferred.
According to the prior art, silicone ear pieces are sometimes provided with a painted surface finish, using a paint. Such a paint has the following composition:
(1) Polyorganosiloxanes containing at least two unsaturated groups in the molecule;
(2) Polyorganohydrogensiloxanes containing at least two SiH groups in the molecule;
(3) Polyorganosiloxanes containing no reactive groups;
(4) Noble metal catalyst;
(5) Reinforcing fillers having a charged or uncharged surface;
(6) Inhibitors;
(7) Organic solvent;
The previous description also applies for the ingredients (1) through (6), This paint is also a two-component material, and the above comments apply here as well. The organic solvents used according to the invention have a boiling point in the range of 40° to 200° C., preferably 70° to 150° C., particularly preferably 100° to 140° C., at 1013 hPa, Cyclic and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, n-hexane, n-heptane, toluene, and benzene may be considered. The silicone ear pieces are dipped in the paint, and the paint is cured in an oven at temperatures of 140° to 200° C., Following this treatment the ear piece has a smooth, glossy surface.
Silicone ear pieces for noise or swim protection are generally worn in the ear for long periods, For this reason hygiene is particularly important. The use of silicones in the field of noise and swim protection ear pieces is known, since silicones offer a broad spectrum of mechanical and physical properties, as well as the further advantage of having little or no toxic, sensitivity, or allergenic potential. This makes them very well suited for medical applications. The precision fit of ear pieces plays a special role. The ear piece is in direct contact with the skin of the ear. The moist, warm environment in the auditory canal provides the ideal conditions for growth of microorganisms (bacteria, virus, molds, algae), and it is known that these may settle on silicones. This impairs not only the hygiene but also the esthetics of ear pieces, which are worn in the ear for long periods by persons for the purpose of noise protection, for example for occupational use, or as swim protection during swimming. Inflammations in particular may occur when the skin of the auditory canal is irritated as the result of pressure points (due to improper fit of the ear piece), or friction during chewing motions.
Imparting antimicrobial activity to the silicone materials without adversely affecting the polymerization reaction described in detail above is therefore desirable.
The protection of objects and surfaces from microorganisms has been known for many years, For example, the antimicrobial effect of silver or copper surfaces has been known for centuries although the exact mechanism was not understood. In the field of hearing aid acoustics, the firm Audio Service markets a commercial solution for coating ear pieces, based on the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of silver, under the trade mark ComforMed™.
The introduction of antimicrobial additives is also known from the field of dental impression materials. The incorporation of quaternary ammonium salts, dissolved in water, into alginates is described in EP 0 361 301. WO 00/07546 describes a silicone material used for dental impression materials which acquires antimicrobial activity by incorporation of N-chloramines and similar compounds.
The use of biguanides in addition-crosslinking silicones is known from EP-A-0 493 186.
The use of calcium hypochlorite in condensation-crosslinking silicones is documented, for example, in FR 2 707 660. In this case the effect is derived from active chlorine.
However, none of the referenced and published additives having an antimicrobial effect meet the high demands placed on polymerizable materials such as ear pieces, for example, which are worn in the ear for long periods for noise or swim protection:                The antimicrobial additive must not be toxic, and must have no sensitivity or allergenic potential.        The antimicrobial additive must be present in the polymerizable mass in sufficient quantities so that it may act on the contact surface.        The antimicrobial additive must neither inhibit the polymerization reaction nor affect the typical characteristics of the polymer.

Antimicrobial polymerizable ear piece material

Abstract: (a) 0.1-70% by weight polyorganosiloxanes containing at least two unsaturated groups in the molecule;

Abstract: (b) 0.1-15% by weight polyorganohydrogensiloxanes containing at least two SiH groups in the molecule;

Abstract: (c) 0.01-2.0% by weight noble metal catalyst; and

Abstract: (d) 0.1-5% by weight of a non-toxic antimicrobial additive or a combination of at least two non-toxic antimicrobial additives.


A transition for dispensing a composition from a container comprises a collar; a spout comprises an opening, said spout being capable of directing the flow of the composition out of the container; a drip concentrating member having at least one drain hole functionally connecting the collar and the spout; wherein the drip concentrating member is at least partially non-planar.

Containers having transitions are well known in the art. Such containers have been used for a multitude of products including chemical packages, food packages, cleaning packages, and the like. The transitions are typically attached to the container for the purpose of directing any materials contained within the container out in a controlled manner. They also facilitate various means of closing a package, such as providing an area to which a lid or cap can be attached. The transitions associated with containers often have additional benefits relating to such areas as self-draining and flow-limiting capabilities. While transitions for use with various containers are well known in the art, they continue to have longstanding problems associated with their use.
A major problem with the transition involves managing any product that may build within the transition. While several drain-back transitions have been proposed as solutions for allowing the product to flow back into the container, such transitions still do not fully address the problem. For instance, excess product that does not drain fully out of the transition can flow out of the transition beneath or around the spout when dispensing a product causing messiness and/or drips. Such excess product creates a messiness condition that is highly undesirable.
A transition whereby excess product is prevented and/or slowed from flowing out around or beneath the spout, while enhancing overall user appeal is desirable. Such a transition would be even more desirable if it can be created in a minimum of process steps. The present invention addresses these problems.


An electrohydraulic control device for power shift gearboxes, in particular in construction machinery, has switching elements (SE1, SE2, SE3) which can be actuated by a system pressure from an external pressurized medium source (1). Shift valves (SV1, SV2, SV3) are provided between the pressurized medium source (1) and the switching elements (SE1, SE2, SE3) and can each be actuated by pilot pressure. Each of the switching elements (SE1, SE2, SE3) can be actuated in a defined switching state by at least two actuated shift valves (SV1, SV2, SV3) and at least one non-actuated shift valve.

In construction machinery, such as excavator loaders, there are used in the practice power shift transmissions or group transmissions which as a rule are designed so as to have together with switching elements for selection of the driving direction, additional switching elements with which other reduction ratios, that is, different ranges of velocity or gears for a driving direction, can be adjusted. In order to make possible mounting of such a transmission as flexibly as possible in a construction machine or in a vehicle, in the practice the switching elements have been designed of remote control, that is with crank connections instead of a linkage.
For this purpose, the transmission controls for power shift transmissions known from the practice have electrohydraulic signal converters in which are used hydraulic mechanical components that have to be electrically controlled by a selector switch.
These known electrohydraulic signal converters have the advantage of being of reasonable cost, since as a rule an additional sensor system for their main operation can be omitted. Therefore, such control device is especially adequate for low-priced systems.
However, a considerable disadvantage of these transmission controls with electrohydraulic signal converters already known is that with the control devices, when a corresponding switching device such as a shift valve is activated, a coordinated switching element will always be actuated independently of whether the shift valve has been actuated by a driver or unintentionally due to an operation error, for example, a short circuit.
In the latter case, it can happen that gearshift elements already actuated are additionally engaged. Together with possible damage to the transmission, this can lead, depending on the driving state and road surface state, to instabilities in the behavior of the vehicle and to danger of an accident.
From the practice are also known transmission controls in which said disadvantages of the above described known controls, with electrohydraulic signal converters, are avoided by additionally disposing in said transmission controls a comprehensive sensor system with signal evaluation, by means of an electronic control equipment with integrated software.
However, those electronic systems as a rule required great expenditure and incur considerable costs.

Electro-hydraulic control device for power shift gearboxes


A method and system of tracking documents uses tags and a workflow. Initially, a workflow is developed for each document or type of documents using a state diagram. The workflow specifies a subset of one or more destinations that the document is allowed to travel and a sequence for this travel. A tag is associated with each document to enable tracking of the document as it passes the one or more readers in the various destinations. These tag readers in turn report back position information on the document to assist in locating the document. A comparison between the state diagram for the workflow and the position information gathered from the tag readers determines if the document is outside the desired workflow. An alert is generated when the document is outside the workflow and not being processed as intended.

Despite advances in paperless offices, documents remain an important part of many businesses. The ability to quickly locate and obtain documents enables a company to process information more rapidly and serve their customers with a higher level of service. This is particularly true in the medical and legal professions as the information in a document often has significant impact on the patients or clients being assisted. Many other professions or business would also benefit from managing documents carefully and accurately.
Unfortunately, document management is a particular problem in larger organizations that require many individuals to process each document. Each time a document changes hands between different people there is a distinct possibility the document and the folder holding the document may become lost or misplaced. It is possible that people may change jobs and leave a company without returning all the files to a central location or storage.
It is also difficult to also keep track of the people or members of an organization who have accessed certain documents. First, it is an administrative hurdle to require each person that touches a document or has accessed a folder of documents to enter a note to that effect. Second, some people may not want to admit seeing or accessing a document in every instance.
Alternatively, others may indicate they have accessed a file but in reality may not have touched or seen any documents associated with the file. For example, a doctor may be required to review a patients' medical charts every shift but may forget on occasion to do so in a timely manner. While these problems seem limited to documents, they also apply to tracking objects of many different types and as used in different business contexts. For example, many of the same problems encountered with documents can also be found in tracking various objects in various manufacturing and assembly-line situations. Conventional approaches do not provide a simple and effective method of tracking the location and the chain of custody associated with documents and these other types of objects.
Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements.

Object tracking method and system using tags

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


Methods and apparatus are provided for processing variable width instructions in a pipelined processor. The apparatus includes an instruction decoder configured to decode a loop setup instruction, having a loop setup instruction address, to obtain a loop bottom offset and configured to decode instructions following the loop setup instruction, each having an instruction address, to obtain an instruction width, registers for holding the loop setup instruction address and the loop bottom offset, and a loop bottom detector, responsive to a current instruction address, a current instruction width, the loop setup instruction address and the loop bottom offset, configured to determine if a next instruction is a loop bottom instruction.

A digital signal computer, or digital signal processor (DSP), is a special purpose computer that is designed to optimize performance for digital signal processing applications, such as, for example, fast Fourier transforms, digital filters, image processing, signal processing in wireless systems, and speech recognition. Digital signal processors are typically characterized by real-time operation, high interrupt rates and intensive numeric computations. In addition, digital signal processor applications tend to be intensive in memory access operations and to require the input and output of large quantities of data. Digital signal processor architectures are typically optimized for performing such computations efficiently.
Digital signal processors may include components such as a core processor, a memory, a DMA controller, an external bus interface, and one or more peripheral interfaces on a single chip or substrate. The components of the digital signal processor are interconnected by a bus architecture which produces high performance under desired operating conditions. As used herein, the term "bus" refers to a multiple conductor transmission channel which may be used to carry data of any type (e.g. operands or instructions), addresses and/or control signals. Typically, multiple buses are used to permit the simultaneous transfer of large quantities of data between the components of the digital signal processor. The bus architecture may be configured to provide data to the core processor at a rate sufficient to minimize core processor stalling.
Some processors have hardware loop mechanisms. These mechanisms allow the specification of a program loop, which is a series of instructions that is executed multiple times. The instructions are often referred to by address.
In a variable instruction width processor, instruction width is encoded within several bits of the instruction. Therefore, when executing a series of sequential instructions, the address of a given instruction cannot be determined until the previous instruction has been decoded. The previous instruction address added to the previous instruction width results in the address of the new instruction.
In modern pipelined processors, several cycles are often required to fetch an instruction after the address is known. A cycle after the request to fetch is sent, the address is incremented by a fixed amount and another request is sent to fetch the next sequential block of memory. This describes a typical pipelined fetch unit.
Each cycle, the fetch unit can return a block of memory which contains chunks of instructions. Each block of memory may contain several small instructions, or only a piece of a large instruction. An instruction assembly unit sends the next few pieces of instruction data to the main processor pipeline. As the processor detects the size of the current instruction (by looking at the instruction width bits), it tells the instruction assembly unit how to skip to the next instruction (for the next cycle).
For a processor to detect a program loop, a comparison is made between the current instruction address and the "loop bottom" address. If the addresses are the same, then the instruction is the last in a loop, so the "loop top" address should be sent to fetch. It is desirable to know about the address match early in the fetch pipeline (i.e. as soon as possible after the loop bottom instruction has been sent to the fetch unit) so as to start the loop top fetch as early as possible.
In a variable instruction width processor, it is never possible to know the loop end condition in time to slot the next fetch in the pipeline. Therefore, a structure called a "loop buffer" is commonly used to cache a few instructions at the top of a loop so that they can be injected into the instruction pipeline after a loop bottom is detected but before the fetch for the loop top has completed. (When this loop buffer is engaged, the fetch address requested is not the loop top address, but rather the loop top address plus the width of the instructions in the loop buffer.)
Because the address of the current instruction is not known until it enters the main processor pipeline, no loop comparison can be done until this point. The amount of work to accomplish the loop comparison, compute the next fetch address, and notify the loop buffer to inject instructions takes longer than a cycle. If the loop buffer is not-notified in time, then the processor must stall.
A loop is specified by a "loop setup" instruction, which specifies relative address offsets for the top and bottom of the loop (TOP_OFFSET, BOT_OFFSET) and a loop count. If the address of the loop setup instruction is called "PC_LSETUP", then the address of the loop top is (PC_LSETUP+TOP_OFFSET), and the address of the loop bottom is (PC_LSETUP+BOT_OFFSET).
The instruction directly following the loop setup instruction may be a loop bottom instruction. It can be determined directly from the loop setup instruction decode if this is the case (i.e. if BOT_OFFSET equals the width of the loop setup instruction). No address comparison is required for determining the loop bottom status of the instruction following the loop setup instruction.
However, determining the loop bottom status of the second and later instructions following the loop setup instruction is not as simple. It is desirable to know the result of this computation as soon as possible.
Accordingly, there is a need for improved methods and apparatus for early loop bottom detection in digital processors.

Methods and apparatus for early loop bottom detection in digital signal processors


A method and associated apparatus provide enhanced safety in subterranean well completions while permitting other production issues to be addressed efficiently and cost effectively. In a preferred embodiment, a method of producing a subterranean well utilizes an isolation packer having an inner mandrel through which fluid transmission lines and electrical transmission lines may be conveniently installed. A unique configuration of the packer permits a surface controlled subsurface safety valve, fluid property sensors, injection subs, etc., to be installed below the packer with the various lines used therewith extended axially through the mandrel.

The present invention relates generally to operations in subterranean wells and, in a preferred embodiment thereof, more particularly provides a method and apparatus for isolating a producing formation.
Modern advancements in well production technology have produced the capability of drilling wells in relatively deep waters offshore using floating production systems and production risers. Unfortunately, use of these systems raises certain safety concerns. For example, if a ship were to collide with a floating production system, at least the production tubing spar may be sheared off, presenting an urgent need to gain immediate control of the well.
Additionally, other issues are presented in such deep water completions, such as paraffin and hydrate formation, future workovers to install gas lift equipment after production has diminished, monitoring of fluid properties downhole, alleviating spar loading, and addressing these issues while containing the costs of the completions. Of course, not all of these issues are present in every such well completion, but the need does exist to be able to solve these problems in whatever combination they arise in a particular completion and, therefore, it would be advantageous to be able to solve them all in a single completion.
From the foregoing, it can be seen that it would be quite desirable to provide a method of producing a subterranean well which enables an operator to conveniently gain control of a well after a catastrophic event, such as shearing of the production tubing, while addressing issues such as paraffin and hydrate formation, monitoring downhole fluid properties, alleviating tubing spar loading, future workovers, etc., and accomplish these objectives while increasing the efficiency of the well production. It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide such a method and associated apparatus therefor.

Apparatus and associated methods of producing a subterranean well


A disk recording medium has reliability of address reading which is maintained equivalently to the conventional disk recording medium by recording a first address and a second address that are identical in a header area. By arranging the first and second addresses to be reversely displaced from the center line of a groove track or a land track to the radial direction of the medium, the distance between the first and second addresses when they are adjacent is increased, which eliminates the influence of crosstalk. This avoids redundancy of the header area and enables high-density recording to the disk recording medium.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to disk recording media such as magneto-optical disks, and disk drive units that perform writing or reading operations adapted for the media.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, an increase in the density of recording media has been required, and various technologies for high-density writing and reading have been developed.
For example, magneto-optical (xe2x80x9cMOxe2x80x9d) disks have been used mainly for writing and reading computer data. As techniques for enabling high density recording on the magneto-optical disks, the magnetically induced super resolution (MSR) technique and the land/groove writing method have been developed.
In the land/groove writing method, both a land and a groove are used as recording tracks.
On a conventional magneto-optical disk, grooves are formed beforehand, and the grooves are used as recording tracks. By also using, as a recording track, the area or the land between one groove recording track and an adjacent groove recording track, the recording density of the disk can be greatly increased.
In the MSR technique, magnetic films having different temperature characteristics are used to read information recorded in a region smaller than the laser spot. Accordingly, from a medium (MSR medium) having recording regions composed of two magnetic films having different temperature characteristics, information written at a high density can be read without reducing the diameter of the laser spot.
The MSR reading method is described below with reference to FIG. 18.
The top portion (a) of FIG. 18 shows a recording track Dt of a magneto-optical disk on which write marks M are formed, and a laser spot SP impinging on the track Dt. The bottom portion (b) of FIG. 18 shows a partial cross section of the magneto-optical disk.
To obtain MSR effects, the magneto-optical disk must have, as shown in the bottom portion (b) of FIG. 18, a recording layer, an intermediate layer, and a reading layer that exhibit different magnetic characteristics depending on temperatures.
The reading layer functions as a mask for masking the write mark M from the laser spot SP when reading is performed.
The recording layer holds a written signal or information represented by the write mark M as a magnetization direction.
The intermediate layer controls the coupling between the reading layer and the recording layer.
By applying an external magnetic field to the reading layer when reading is performed, magnetization directions of the reading layer are aligned. This masks the recording layer (front masking). Here, by using the laser spot SP to heat the disk, in part of the laser spot SP which has an intermediate temperature of the heat distribution, the magnetized information on the recording layer, that is, the magnetization direction of the write mark M, is transferred to the reading layer. By observing the magnetization direction transferred to the reading layer, the write mark M, which is written at a high density, can be read, even if the laser spot SP has a large diameter.
In part of the laser spot SP which has a high temperature of the heat distribution, the reading layer and the recording layer are magnetically separated, and the reading layer functions to mask the recording layer from the external magnetic field (rear masking).
By using the above-described MSR technique, high-density writing and reading with a density at least double that of conventional techniques can be performed. This can greatly increase the recording capacity of the magneto-optical disk.
However, in achieving high density, the MSR technique and the land/groove writing method cause the following problems.
Although the MSR technique greatly increases the recording capacity of the magneto-optical disk, it cannot be applied to the entire surface of the magneto-optical disk.
For the magneto-optical disk, data units called xe2x80x9csectorsxe2x80x9d are employed as a basic data format, and data strings formed on the tracks of the disk consist of the sector units, which are sequential.
Each sector consists of a preformatted header (hereinafter also referred to simply as a xe2x80x9cheaderxe2x80x9d) in which preformat data is written by embossed pits, and a write/read area (hereinafter referred to as an xe2x80x9cMO areaxe2x80x9d for convenience of description) as a magneto-optical area in which data can be written or read, as shown in FIG. 19.
In the header, a sector address, etc., is written by embossed pits.
In the MO area, data including user data are written.
Accordingly, in the sectors of the magneto-optical disk, a recording film adapted for the MSR technique can be formed only in the MO area. The MSR technique cannot be applied to the header.
On the magneto-optical disk, at a predetermined position in an outer peripheral or inner portion, an area in which system information and write information are prewritten is preformatted. The MSR technique cannot be applied to this preformatted area.
In other words, in the preformatted area and the preformatted header of the sector, pre-recorded pits (hereinafter referred to as xe2x80x9cprepitsxe2x80x9d) must be formed at a conventional recording density because the MSR technique cannot be used.
As a result, the length of one byte is physically longer in the preformatted header than in the MO area. The area in the disk in which system information and write information are prewritten has greater redundancy.
In addition, a double-sided 5.2-gigabyte magneto-optical disk has a groove width of approximately 0.55 xcexcm when employing the land/groove writing method. On a track formed on a groove G, a preformatted header is provided for the start of each sector, as shown in the top portion (a) of FIG. 20.
In this configuration, a land L between one track (groove G) and an adjacent track (groove G) acts as a shield against crosstalk from a preformatted header on the adjacent track.
In the header, address information that has a single value is written twice as ID1 and ID2.
Referring to the intermediate portion (b) of FIG. 20, when the land/groove writing method is also considered which has an identical pitch between groove tracks G and which uses a land L as a recording track in addition to the groove tracks G, the land L has a preformatted header similar to that on the adjacent groove tracks G, and has no shield for the header. Therefore, generated crosstalk makes it very difficult to read sector-address information written in the header on the land L. This causes deterioration in writing/reading performance or seeking performance.
In a general technique for avoiding the deterioration in performance, as shown in the bottom portion (c) of FIG. 20, the preformatted headers on the land track L and the groove track G are not radially arranged but either of tracks is arranged to be shifted backward by one length in the track direction. This can prevent the crosstalk from affecting address information to be read.
However, this case causes large redundancy since the start of each sector must have an area which is double the header area.
When the redundancy caused by the preformatted header in the employment of the MSR technique, and the redundancy caused by crosstalk avoidance in the land/groove writing method are taken into consideration, at least 5 percent of the total recording capacity is wasted. In other words, simply employing the MSR technique and the land/groove writing method cannot achieve an effective increase in the recording capacity.
Accordingly, for enabling a large recording capacity, the redundancy caused by the preformatted header in the employment of the MSR technique, and the redundancy caused by crosstalk avoidance in the land/groove writing method must be reduced.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a disk recording medium the recording density of which is increased by an effective data arrangement in the header of each sector, using the MSR technique or the land/groove method, and a disk drive unit therefor.
To this end, according to an aspect of the present invention, the foregoing object is achieved through provision of a disk recording medium having recording tracks in the form of groove tracks and land tracks which each have sectors as data units. In the disk recording medium, each of the sectors includes a preformatted-data-recorded header area and a writing/reading area in which data is written or read, and the header area includes at least both a first address and a second address which have identical address numbers, and the first address and the second address are positioned to be reversely displaced from the center line of one groove track or one land track to the radial direction of the disk recording medium.
Preferably, one of the first address and the second address corresponds to a sector on one groove track, and the other one of the first address and the second address corresponds to a sector on one land track.
In the writing/reading area, a recording film for use in reading by the magnetically induced super resolution technique may be formed.
A plurality of zones may be radially formed on the disk recording medium, and only either of the first address and the second address may be positioned in a boundary area between adjacent zones.
In at least one zone, logically different addresses may be assigned to the groove tracks and the land tracks.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the foregoing object is achieved through provision of a disk drive unit for a disk recording medium which has recording tracks in the form of groove tracks and land tracks each having sectors as data units, and in which the sectors each include a preformatted-data-recorded header area and a writing/reading area in which data is written or read, and the header area includes at least both a first address and a second address which have identical address values, and the first address and the second address are positioned to be reversely displaced from the center line of one groove track or one land track to the radial direction of the disk recording medium. The disk drive unit includes a head unit for writing/reading information to/from the groove tracks and the land tracks, and a control unit for controlling the head unit to perform a writing operation or a reading operation based on a sector address on the groove track or a sector address on the land track which is determined using the address values read at the first address and the second address by the head unit.
Preferably, the disk drive unit further includes a servo unit for switching scanning modes of writing or reading by the head unit, which correspond to the scanning of the groove tracks and the scanning of the land tracks. The control unit determines, based on the scanning mode switched by the servo unit and the two address values at the first address and the second address, the sector address on the groove track or the sector address on the land track.
Preferably, the two address values are identical for one of the groove track and the land track, and have a predetermined differential value for the other one of the groove track and the land track.
The disk recording medium may have a plurality of zones that are radially formed, and when the head unit scans either the groove track or the land track, the control unit may specify one zone based on the difference between the two address values read at the first address and the second address.

DISK RECORDING MEDIUM INCLUDING DATA PRE-FORMATTED-DATA-RECORDED HEADER HAVING FIRST AND SECOND IDENTICAL ADDRESS NUMBERS RADIALLY DISPLACED FROM EACH OTHER ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF GROOVE OR LAND TRACK CENTER LINE, AND DISK DRIVE UNIT FOR USE WITH THE RECORDING MEDIUM


Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a hemisphere used in a hemispheric bearing apparatus capable of performing the mass production and enhancing the mechanical characteristic of the hemisphere by manufacturing a sphere using a pair of forging frames formed in the shape of hemisphere, grinding the spherical surface, and then dividing the sphere into two, thereby reducing the time and process for manufacturing the hemisphere and increasing the productivity of the hemisphere.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a hemisphere used in a hemispheric bearing apparatus. More particularly, the invention is directed to a method for manufacturing, capable for use in mass production and for enhancing the mechanical characteristic of a hemisphere, by manufacturing a sphere using a pair of forging frames, each formed in the shape of a hemisphere, grinding the spherical surface, and then dividing the sphere into two, thereby forming two hemispheres.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, with the improvement of technologies in the information and media industries, systems such as computer systems, audio systems, and video systems, are becoming more miniaturized. In this respect, there has been a trend to require components of such systems to have more precise performance. Driving apparatuses require a bearing which is precise, stable, and has a superhigh rotation performance. A hemispheric bearing, i.e., a dynamic pressure fluid bearing apparatus which supports both a radial load and a thrust load and is suitable to perform the superhigh speed rotation, has been actively developed.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the processing order for manufacturing a hemispheric bearing using a NC (numerical control) machine tool and a CNC (computerized numerical control) machine tool.
First, the curvature and radius of the hemisphere, the position of a through hole, etc., are designed on paper (step 10). After performing a preliminary step for selecting a working position and tool, an instruction tape having the information about the hemisphere is made based on the designed drawing (step 20).
The information of the instruction tape is inputted to an information processing circuit which is a computerized numerical control apparatus of the CNC machine tool (step 30). By operating a servomechanism which controls the power and the position of the tool of the CNC machine, a test cutting of a material to be processed is performed (step 40). After that, in the case that the size of the hemisphere is within the allowable error as a result of a re-measurement, a hemisphere is manufactured by a machine tool (step 50).
When the hemisphere is completely manufactured (step 60), a through hole is formed so that the hemisphere 60 can be indented at a fixing axis 20, and the grinding and lapping process are performed (step 70) so that the sphericity of the hemisphere 60 can be within the allowable value. To control the clearance between the hemisphere and a bush by a spacer 40a, the upper end of the hemispheric surface of the hemisphere is cut in a predetermined length (step 80). After cutting, a dynamic pressure generating groove having a predetermined area is formed on the surface of the hemisphere, and then a surface treatment of the hemisphere is performed (step 90).
However, in the above mentioned case that the hemisphere of the hemispheric bearing is manufactured by a machine tool, first the hemisphere is manufactured by the machine tool and the through hole is formed so that the hemisphere can be indented in the fixing axis. After those steps, the methods for processing the hemispheric surface through grinding or lapping are adopted, and thereby manufacturing the hemispheric surface having the sphericity above 0.05 .mu.m is difficult due to time constraints. In other words, the conventional method of manufacturing requires too much time to process the hemispheres with precision, thereby it is difficult to achieve mass production.

Method for manufacturing a hemisphere of a hemispheric bearing


Electronic advertising devices and methods of using the same for providing targeted advertisements to one or more individuals based on the individual(s) consumer profile(s). The devices or systems include a sensor or receiver for receiving identifying signals from individuals such as signals emitted by cellular telephones. Using information associated with or retrieved using the identifying signal, targeted advertisements are delivered to the individuals.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to improved advertising devices such as advertising displays and/or loudspeakers and methods of using the same. More specifically, the invention relates to advertising devices which communicate advertisements to targeted individuals based on information relating to the individual""s consumer profile.
2. Description of the Related Art
Several publications are referenced in this application. The references describe the state of the art to which this invention pertains and are hereby incorporated by reference.
For many years, merchants have advertised their goods and services to the general public in order to increase business and/or distinguish themselves from their competitors. For close to fifty years, television advertising, for example, has provided a means to reach millions of potential viewing consumers. Over the years, advertisers have attempted to focus their advertisements towards individuals who are most likely to be positively affected by the ads. On early Saturday mornings, for example, many television ads are often geared towards children who tend to watch the morning programs. On the other hand, during the late evening news, the ads are typically directed to a more mature audience. The technique of targeting is based on crude demographic assumptions. For example, an advertisement for sit-down lawnmowers may be aired during a Sunday night professional football game based on the assumption that a high percentage of the viewers will be men. Of course, even assuming this assumption is true, not every man watching the program will desire and/or need a sit-down lawnmower. Thus, the placement of ads based on demographic targeting is not particularly accurate.
One type of advertising that has at least partially addressed the crudeness of demographic targeting is direct marketing. In direct marketing, an advertisement or promotional information is sent directly to an individual typically based on a consumer profile of the individual. Such consumer profiles are well known and are created by credit card companies and the like. See, U.S. Pat. No. 6,026,370 to Jermyn. The drawbacks of direct advertising practices are that the types of advertisements employed (e.g., printed materials) and the costs associated with these ads decrease the efficiency and/or flexibility of the technique.
Another well-known advertising device is the conventional billboard, such as xe2x80x9cstaticxe2x80x9d advertising devices, which continue to maintain their popularity. Such devices are used along roadways, in airport terminals, at bus depots, on the sides of buses, in restaurant restrooms, etc. See, U.S. Pat. No. 5,947,592 to Barlow; U.S. Pat. No. 4,754,582 to Cameron (Telephone booth with advertising displays); U.S. D317,790 to He; U.S. Pat. No. 5,150,116 to West; U.S. Pat. No. 5,543,856 to Rosser, et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,703,564 to Begum, et al.
These traditional advertising boards are xe2x80x9cstaticxe2x80x9d in that the advertising image is permanently or semi-permanently affixed to the boards. One drawback of such billboards is that in order to change the message, it is necessary to physically change the message by either replacing the sign or repainting, repapering or otherwise physically changing the message.
More recently, xe2x80x9cdynamicxe2x80x9d billboards such as electronic billboards have been employed and are known in the art. Such devices allow the information to be displayed and changed electronically or otherwise. See, xe2x80x9cTurning Pixels into Panache: Nasdaq""s Sign on Times Sq. Fulfills a High-Tech Dreamxe2x80x9d, New York Times, page B1 and B10, Feb. 17, 2000. These devices allow for a variety of messages to be communicated by the device without the physical changes required by the earlier xe2x80x9cstaticxe2x80x9d billboards. This has also enabled the use of video and animation technologies to display the information. See also, U.S. Pat. No. 5,606,154 to Doigan et al. (Timed Advertising In Elevators and Other Shuttles); U.S. Pat. No. 5,969,704 to Green et al. (Configurable LED matrix display).
Other prior art devices include the following:
U.S. Pat. No. 5,214,793 to Conway et al. discloses an electronic and vehicle traffic control communication system which is intended to replace existing billboards. Information transfer is effected using short bursts of microwave pulses from independent transmitters placed in selected locations along roadways. The transmitted signals are coded prior to transmission and decoded after being received by receivers in the vehicles. After decoding the pulses, a receiver will retrieve complete messages from a data base included as part of the in-vehicle receiver system. At the selection of the driver, the messages can be displayed or replayed audible. The Conway patent also describes other systems for communicating traffic and commercial information to drivers.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,848,129 to Baker discloses a billboard system which produces, in addition to the visual message provided by an associated billboard, a related audio message that is transmitted to passing vehicles and which enables ready changing of the message to be transmitted, at all times of the day, by calling the change in over a telephone line from a remote location such as a business office or advertising agency.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,966,696 to Giraud relates to electronic billboards which include a sensor for determining when an individual is within the advertising range and a tracker to track consumer exposure to a number of different advertisements.
Of course, the purpose of an advertisement is to encourage a future transaction between the an individual and the company sponsoring the ad. Such companies and their advertisers typically pay to have advertising messages displayed on such displays. The effectiveness of an advertisement is typically a result of a number of factors. The content and style of the ad is typically geared to xe2x80x9ccatchxe2x80x9d an individual""s attention and increase the likelihood the individual will react favorably to the ad (i.e., purchase the product and/or service being advertised). The effectiveness of the ad is also determined by which individuals and how many individuals are exposed to the ad. Currently, advertisers are faced with the difficult task of determining where to place ads to reach a certain targeted audience. An advertisement for a sale on golf clubs by an advertising store may be optimally located near a golf course to reach a high concentration of potentially interested golfers. Since the ad would be located outside a city, the cost of placing the ad may be less expensive then if it was placed at a busy intersection of a city. However, such an ad would only reach a small number of consumers (i.e., those that pass by that particular golf course). A greater number of individuals may be exposed to the ad if placed on a busy avenue such as Fifth Avenue in midtown New York City where thousands of consumers may pass a properly placed sidewalk ad on any given day. However, only a fraction of those passing individuals may be potential golf consumers. Therefore, the costs of placing the ad in such a location may not be justified since, although a large number of individuals will be exposed to the ad, the ad would be properly targeted to only a fraction of those who see it.
Thus, a significant drawback of such displays is that they treat all consumers the same. This is a severe limitation given virtually all consumer oriented industries are trending from market or segment-focused marketing and advertising toward consumer or individual-focused marketing and advertising. Thus, the effectiveness of previous advertising billboards and other advertising devices suffers due to their inability to display or otherwise convey messages which are targeted to one or more individuals within the range of the advertisement.
It would be desirable to provide an advertising system and method which selects and displays advertisements which are targeted to individual(s). More specifically, it would be desirable to provide an effective way of delivering targeted advertisements to passive consumers who are not interacting with the advertising system such as by using a personal computer via the internet and who are most likely to positively respond to the ad, e.g., purchase and/or use the products or services being offered or advertised.
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above-identified deficiencies.
It is another object of the invention to provide an advertising device which delivers targeted advertisements to individuals within the advertising range of the device and a method of using the same.
It is a further object of the invention to provide an advertising device which delivers targeted advertisements to individuals based on the individuals consumer profile and a method of using the same.
It is a still further object of the invention to provide an advertising device which delivers optimized targeted advertisements to two or more individuals based on the combination of consumer profiles using fuzzy logic.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in or apparent from the following description.
It is an object of the invention to provide improved systems and methods for delivering targeted information such as targeted advertisements to one or more individuals. More specifically, the invention relates to improved advertising devices such as billboards and audio announcement systems and the like and methods of using the same.
The ability to provide ads that are specifically geared to the target consumer""s individual interests is a more efficient and effective advertising technique. Moreover, an ad geared to the target consumer""s interests is more likely to be attractive and thus noticed by the consumer.
The system and method displays advertisements specifically targeted to one or more individuals within the device""s advertising range based on information relating to those individuals. This is achieved by providing the device with the means for receiving and identifying the individuals prior to displaying or during the display of the selected targeted advertisements. According to one preferred embodiment, signals from the one or more proximate individuals are received by the system and a consumer profile or the like is identified based on the signal. Such identifying signals may include the signature signals emitted by cellular telephones or the signature signals emitted by devices such as automobile transponders which allow motorists to pass through highway tolls without stopping to pay the toll collector, e.g., automatic toll charging system (See, U.S. Pat. No. 6,019,285 to Isobe et al.). Once the advertising device receives the identifying signal(s) and identifies the one or more individuals, the device retrieves information from a consumer profile database which includes information regarding the individual(s) and this information is used to select and display targeted advertising to the individuals.
The above and other objects, aspects and advantages of the invention will become readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the following detailed description, which reference to the accompanying drawings.

Electronic advertising device and method of using the same


A hydraulic bearing includes a supporting bearing and a bearing member braced against each other by an essentially truncated conical elastic spring element of an elastomeric material. The spring element bounds a working chamber and a compensating chamber filled with damping fluid, these chambers being separated from one another by a dividing wall and being in fluid communication with one another via a damping channel. The elastic spring element has two compression-spring sections radially opposite one another and two push-action-spring segments radially opposite one another and the compression-spring sections. The supporting bearing radially overlaps the elastic spring element in the compression-spring sections, and the elastic spring element and the supporting bearing are interconnected by a radial surface area. The supporting bearing and the elastic spring element are interconnected in the push-action-spring sections by an axial surface area extending essentially parallel to the axis of the hydraulic bearing.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hydraulic bearing, including a supporting bearing and a bearing member braced against each other by an essentially truncated, conical elastic spring element of elastomeric material. The support member and bearing member bound a working chamber and a compensating chamber filled with damping fluid. The chambers are separated from one another by a dividing wall and are in fluid communication with one another via a damping channel. The elastic spring element has two compression-spring sections radially opposite one another and two push-action-spring sections radially opposite one another in the circumferential direction between the compression-spring sections.


A system for synchronizing information comprises a plurality of mobile communication devices storing individually incomplete user information, and at least one mobile service interface adapted to receive and transmit the stored user information for processing. The information synchronization system also comprises at least one processor adapted to arrange the transmitted user information to allow each mobile communication device to complete its user information without data duplication. The processor transmits the arranged user information to each mobile communication device via the mobile service interface for storage therein.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to information synchronization and more particularly to a system and method for synchronizing of information without duplication of data.
2. Description of the Related Art
Mobile messaging has evolved from simple transmission of text to multimedia transmission by taking a development path from SMS (Short Message Service) to LMS (Long Message Service). It may be desirable for a group of mobile users to synchronize their telephone number or e-mail address data. While telephone numbers and e-mail addresses can always be manually exchanged, inputting the same into mobile terminals whether manually or using existing software applications is always on a one-to-one basis, time consuming and fraught with errors. Automatic information synchronization between a plurality of mobile devices would alleviate such problems and enhance communication between mobile users.

System and method for synchronizing of information without data duplication


By enabling to write information which is readable only by an IC card owner on an IC card without inputting a PIN and to authenticate a creator of the written information and prevent falsification, it is guaranteed that data written on the IC card can be read only by the IC card owner, the creator of the written data can be specified, and the written data has not been falsified. A secure memory card 101 includes a card private key storing unit 208 storing a private key, a card certificate storing unit 202 storing a certificate of a public key which forms a pair with the private key, a certificate sending unit 201 sending the certificate to a PC 102, a private storing unit 203 which is readable/writable from the outside only when a correct PIN is input, a public storing unit 210 which is readable/writable from the outside without checking a PIN, a confidential data receiving unit 211 receiving confidential data from the PC 102, and so on.

It has been possible to use an IC card for an identification card, a membership card, or a patient's registration card. A writable/readable area can be included in an IC card. It has been possible to receive/send or share information by writing information on an IC card by a certain organization and by reading the information from the IC card by an IC card owner or another organization. The patent document 1 discloses a system in which a certain medical institution writes medical information on an IC card of a patient and another medical institution can refer to the medical information.    Patent Document 1: JP2000-285189

Memory card, data exchange system, and data exchange method


Configuration for testing the bonding positions of conductive drops and test method by using the same is disclosed. In the invention, a special configured contact pad for setting a conductive drop and an associated wire pattern are useful for knowing the drop condition of single or several displaying panels. The contact pad comprises at least two conductive members respectively coupled to two wires; and an isolating portion between conductive members for separation. The normal dropping position of a conductive drop on the contact pad includes at least a portion of the conductive members. Accordingly, the contact pad is originally an open-circuit without conductive drop thereon, but the contact pad is conductive when the contact drop sets on its normal dropping position. Whether the conductive drop forms on the normal dropping position of the contact pad is determined by measuring the electrical properties of the contact pad.

A flat panel display, such as liquid crystal display (LCD), organic electro-luminescent display (OELD) or liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS), plays an important role as a communication interface between people and the information in the modern living. The flat panel display is assembled using a first and a second substrate. Before assembling, one or several contact pads for positioning conductive drops (for example, Au drop or Ag drop) are formed at one of the substrates (for example, substrate having thin film transistors (TFT) or organic electro-luminescent diodes, or silicon substrate). After completing the assembly of the second substrate and the first substrate, the substrates are electrically connected through the contact pads and the conductive drops.
In general, the flat panel display comprises two substrates. One substrate comprises several electronic components (i.e. switches, transistors, diodes, capacitors, etc.), electrodes and conductive lines, and the other substrate comprises electrodes, conductive lines or a color filter (CF). An example of a flat panel display is a Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD), which comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and a Liquid Crystal (LC) medium (i.e. numerous LC molecules) therebetween. The first substrate (such as a transparent glass) comprises thin film transistors (TFTs) arranged in an array, pixel electrodes, orthogonal scan (gate) lines and data (signal) lines. The second substrate (such as a transparent glass) comprises the CFs. In the traditional method of fabricating the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), the second substrate having CFs and sealant is aligned and pressed with the first substrate having TFTs. The sealant is then cured for assembling the second substrate and the first substrate. For small size display, the cell (i.e. space between the substrates) is a vacuum, which is created by capillary attraction after two substrates are assembled. But for large size display, the newly developed method, call "one drop fill" (ODF), is to drop the LC directly on the substrate before the two substrates are aligned and assembled.
Whether a large size display or a small-sized-display is manufactured, one or several contact pads are formed at one (for example, the lower substrate having TFT) of the substrates for positioning conductive drops (i.e. Au drops or Ag drops) before the substrates are assembled. Referring to FIG. 1, a conventional panel having the contact pads is illustrated. Also, FIG. 1 illustrates a small size (ex: 1.79″) panel. Two contact pads 102, 104, which are made from a conductive material, are positioned at the corners of a panel 100. The two contact pads 102 and 104 are coincident with the bonding positions of conductive drops.
However, the conductive drops could miss the positions of the contact pads, due to the misdrop by a machine or other factors. Applying the conductive drops to a position other than the contact pads 102 and 104 results in an electrical-connection flaw on the display, which is typically noticed after assembly of the substrates. The conventional design of the contact pad cannot prevent or test whether the conductive drops miss the positions of the contact pads.

Configuration for testing the bonding positions of conductive drops and test method for using the same