This invention provides a lever engagement type electric power source circuit breaker in which a connector is not easily deformed and terminals and fuses accommodated inside are not exposed outside. The invention is lever engagement type electric power source circuit breaker includes a service plug including a service plug housing having a plurality of first connector terminals on a first side of the service plug housing, a metal cover covering a second side of the service plug housing opposing to the first side and including a main body, a boss integrally formed on the periphery of the main body, an electric power source side connector including a plurality of second connector terminals to be connected to the first connector terminals and a shaft, and a lever including a cam groove to be engaged with the boss and pivotably supported by the shaft. When the lever is operated to rotate, the service plug and the electric power source side connector are engaged with each other and then the first and the second connector terminals are electrically connected.

The present invention relates to a lever engagement type electric power source circuit breaker. Especially, the present invention relates to a lever engagement type electric power source circuit breaker suitably used for temporarily cutting off an electric current in a circuit at the time of inspection and maintenance of an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle having a high voltage circuit for driving a motor.
In an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, a battery capacity is larger than that of a usual gasoline engine vehicle. Therefore, when a maintenance work is executed for an electric system of the vehicle, an electric power source circuit is opened by an electric circuit breaker so as to ensure the safety of the maintenance work. Therefore, a lever engagement type electric power source circuit breaker is conventionally known, by which an electric power source is cut off when a service plug attached to a terminal portion, which is connected to the electric power source circuit, is disconnected. Concerning this breaker, for example, refer to Patent Document JP-A-2003-100382.
In FIGS. 14 to 16, a lever engagement type electric power source circuit breaker 101A for an electric circuit of a high voltage and a high intensity of electric current is shown. The lever engagement type electric power source circuit beaker 101A includes a first connector housing 101 made of synthetic resin, a lever 102 made of synthetic resin attached to this one connector housing 101, a second connector housing 103 made of synthetic resin to which one connector housing 101 is attached when this lever 102 is operated.
As shown in FIG. 16, the first connector housing 101 includes a housing body 104 made of synthetic resin, and a cover 105 made of synthetic resin attached to the housing body 104 so that the cover 105 can close an upper portion of the housing body 104. On the housing body 104, a pair of protrusions 106 is provided. These protrusions have triangular pyramid shape. As the pair of protrusions are inserted into engagement holes 107 on the cover 105, the cover 105 is attached to the housing body 104. The conventional lever engagement type electric power source circuit breaker 101A has the cover 105 described above for a purpose of insulation so that fingers of an operator can not be easily contacted with terminals and fuses (not shown) incorporated into the connector housing 101.
A pair of first bosses 111 for guiding is protruded from an outer wall of the housing body 104. As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the pair of bosses 111 for guiding are respectively engaged with the guide grooves 120 of the lever 102. In a pair of arm plate 118a, 118b of the lever 102, the cam grooves 121 are symmetrically formed. When the first connector housing 101 is attached to the second connector housing 103, the bosses 136 used for a cam of the other connector housing 103 are inserted into the pair of cam grooves 121.
When the lever 102 is rotated about the first bosses 111 as shown in FIG. 15(a) under the condition that the second bosses 136 are inserted into the cam grooves 121, the connector housings 101 and 103 are engaged with each other at the rotation finishing position (shown in FIG. 15B) of the lever 102. In this way, terminals (not shown) of both the connectors are electrically engaged with each other. After the rotation of the lever 102 is finished, the lever 102 is moved straight under the guide of grooves 120 with respect to the first bosses 111 and the guide of the cam grooves 121 with respect to the second bosses 136. Then at the straight movement finishing position (shown in FIG. 15C), an engagement detection switch (not shown) is turned on and an electric power source circuit (not shown) is electrically connected.
In order to cut off the electric power source circuit, a reverse operation to the operation described above is executed. That is, when the lever 102 is moved straight from the state (shown in FIG. 15C)) in which the engagement detection switch is turned on, to the engagement detection switch is released. At the rotation finishing position (shown in FIG. 15B) of the lever 102, the engagement detection switch is turned off and the electric power source circuit is cut off.

Lever engagement type electric power source circuit breaker


A method of muxing data by using clock signals having different timings and an apparatus performing the method are provided. Storing and muxing (or dividing) the data are simultaneously performed. The apparatus includes a first latch circuit arranging data blocks, which are input in series, in parallel in response to non-overlapping latch control signals and a second latch circuit latching the data blocks arranged in parallel simultaneously in response to a clock signal.

1. Field
Embodiments of the present general inventive concept relate to a source driver, and more particularly, to a source driver capable of muxing data by using clock signals each having a different timing, an operation method thereof, and apparatuses having the same. Embodiments of the present general inventive concept also relate to a display device, and more particularly, to a source driver which may use a plurality of dot inversion modes, and a display device having the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
A source driver or a data line driver converts a digital signal corresponding to image data to display into an analog signal and provides a converted analog signal to a pixel of a display panel so that the image data may be displayed.
To prevent performance deterioration of a liquid crystal display (LCD), e.g., a crosstalk phenomenon or a flicker, a general source driver inverts polarity of an analog signal supplied to a pixel in every frame. This is called polarity inversion driving.
The polarity inversion driving modes includes a frame inversion mode, a column inversion mode, a line inversion mode and a dot inversion mode.
In the frame inversion mode, polarity of analog signals supplied to pixels in one frame is all the same. In the column inversion mode, polarity of analog signals supplied to adjacent pixels in a column is different from each other. In the line inversion mode, polarity of analog signals supplied to adjacent pixels in a line is different from each other.
The dot inversion mode includes a one-DOT inversion mode, where polarity of analog signals supplied to adjacent pixels is different from each other, and an n-DOT inversion mode, where polarity of analog signals supplied to n adjacent pixels, where n is a natural number greater than one, is the same as each other and polarity of analog signals supplied to the n pixels is different from polarity of analog signals supplied to pixels adjacent to the n pixels.
Among the polarity inversion driving modes, there is least crosstalk phenomenon in the dot inversion mode. It is therefore widely used in large-sized displays and mobile displays.
A source driver may include a digital-to-analog conversion circuit, which includes a P-type decoder (or a P-type digital-to-analog converter) and an N-type decoder (or an N-type digital-to-analog converter) to embody the dot inversion mode.
To reduce the complexity of a circuit and the size of a chip in a conventional source driver, adjacent channels may share a digital-to-analog conversion circuit. To be more concrete, the conventional source driver may be improved to reduce the complexity of a digital-to-analog conversion circuit and the size of a chip by exchanging a digital signal, i.e., data, between adjacent channels in response to a polarity control signal, converting each of the exchanged data into analog signals, and exchanging analog signals with each other again.
Further improvements to the conventional source driver could include additional multiplexers to operate in different dot inversion modes. The complexity of the source driver and the size of a chip, however, may increase in proportion to the number of the multiplexers.

Source driver, method thereof, and apparatuses having the same


A novel flare stack is disclosed comprising a body defining a partially hollow tube and having an first and a second end, a burner disposed at the upper end, a gas introduction means situated at the lower end and a source of fluid coupled in fluid communication with the second end of the body for combustion of both the gas and the fluid in the burner.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is generally directed to industrial flares. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a portable, high efficiency flare stack which is operative, in a preferred embodiment, via vacuum induced fluid flow and includes means to arrest the travel of the flame toward the fuel source.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the petroleum industry, crude oil is generally collected in holding tanks which are fed via a pumping system coupled to the producing formation. These tanks are then periodically emptied into larger holding tanks or into a crude transport system, e.g a pipeline. Crude oil pumped from subsurface formations in this fashion includes a fractional quantity of volatile gases which, at formation pressure, are maintained in solution. These gaseous compounds often come out of solution, however, when brought to the surface.
When placed in the holding tank, these gaseous components have traditionally been vented to the atmosphere in order to reduce damage to the tank itself from overexpansion. However, recent regulatory amendments governing atmospheric emissions now preclude this practice. As a result, these volatile fractions must now either be burned via an on site flare or withdrawn and transported. This later option, due to issues of expense, is seldom utilized. For these same reasons, other heretofore uncontrolled practices of atmospheric venting such as occur in commercial painting shops and landfills now also require an on site flaring system. A prior art flaring system utilized in a landfill application is seen in U.S. Pat. No. 4,900,244 as issued to Keller et. al.
However, the number and spacing of holding tanks or other sources of volatile gases, and the proportionate economic benefit realized from each of these applications, renders the use of conventional flares prohibitively expensive. Moreover, flare apparatus for the aforereferenced applications should ideally be both portable and economical to use.
Finally, the risk of explosion dictates that any such flaring system include a flame arrestor to prevent catastrophic consequences which would result in the ignition of the source of the volatile gases. Prior art systems such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,691 have not emphasized nor provided for such safety measures.


An imaging apparatus with an automatic adjustment function, such as a white balance adjustment function, enables a result of such adjustment to be checked easily using a vector display. A waveform generation unit 3 generates a vector signal from a video signal in response to an operation to push a switch unit 6 for automatic adjustment of white balance etc., and outputs the vector signal for a predetermined period. A synthesized signal generation unit 4 combines (superimposes) the video signal with (on) the vector signal and displays the synthesized signal on a display unit 5. A vector display superimposed on a video is performed on the display unit 5 for the predetermined period after the switch is pushed. This enables an adjustment result of white balance etc. to be checked easily without requiring other operations. The vector display is stopped automatically after the predetermined period, and thus does not disturb an imaging operation.

1 . Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus with an automatic video adjustment function (for example, white balance adjustment and black balance adjustment), and in more detail, to an imaging apparatus, a waveform signal display method, a storage medium, and an integrated circuit that enable a result of automatic video adjustment to be checked easily.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional imaging apparatus with an automatic white balance adjustment function automatically adjusts white balance in response to an operation of a special switch for automatic adjustment. However, the conventional imaging apparatus may not always adjust white balance in an optimum manner. The conventional imaging apparatus may fail to adjust white balance in an optimum manner when, for example, processing an image captured in an environment with a plurality of light sources.
The user of the imaging apparatus can visually check a result of white balance adjustment on a display device or an external monitor of the imaging apparatus. However, to check the adjustment result more precisely, the user is required to connect an external device, such as a vectorscope, to the imaging apparatus. The user then can check the adjustment result by viewing a vector display on the external device.
Patent Citation 1 discloses an imaging apparatus that internally generates a vector signal and displays the vector signal on a display device of the imaging apparatus. FIG. 14 shows the structure of the conventional imaging apparatus 900 described in Patent Citation 1.
As shown in FIG. 14, the conventional imaging apparatus 900 includes a color difference signal conversion unit 91, a conversion circuit 92, an addition circuit 94, a display unit (display device) 95, and a display switch 93. The color difference signal conversion unit 91 generates a color difference signal Sig92 from a video signal Sig91. The conversion circuit 92 generates a vector signal using the color signal Sig92 output from the color difference signal conversion unit 91. The addition circuit 94 adds the vector signal generated in the conversion circuit 92 to the video signal Sig1. The display unit 95 displays a video signal output from the addition circuit 94. The display switch 93 is used to switch on and off the vector display. The conventional imaging apparatus 900 enables the user to easily and correctly check the state of white balance adjustment on the display device (display unit) without using an external device, such as a vectorscope.
Patent Citation 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. H6-54341

Imaging apparatus, waveform signal display method, storage medium, and integrated circuit


Disclosed is a method of performing softer handover in a broadband wireless communication system. The method includes granting identification numbers to neighbor antennas around a mobile station currently performing communication, and transmitting a neighbor base station advertisement message including the identification numbers of the neighbor antennas, receiving a handover request message including an identification number of a particular antenna from the mobile station, determining if the particular antenna is located within a current coverage area of the base station, and adding the particular antenna to a diversity set and notifying information on multiple antennas included in the diversity set to the base station when the particular antenna is located within the current coverage area of the mobile station; multicasting an identical frame to the multiple antennas included in the diversity set and receiving a handover indication message from the mobile station.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly to a method for performing handover between base stations in order maintain the communication link with a Mobile Station (MS).
2. Description of the Related Art
Next generation communication systems are being developed in order to provide various high-speed large-capacity services to MSs. A representative example of the next generation communication systems is the Mobile WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) communication system, an example of which is a communication system based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.16 standards.
In general, the WiMAX mobile communication system is based on the IEEE 802.16e Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN) standard guaranteeing the mobility of an MS, and supports Broadband Wireless Access (BWA). Handover performed in the WiMAX mobile communication system includes soft handover, softer handover, hard handover, etc. As used herein, handover refers to a process that is necessary in accordance with movement of an MS to a new traffic channel when the MS moves from one BS to a new BS or to a new antenna coverage area within the area of one BS. During the handover, it is important that the transfer of the call be successful while preventing degradation of the communication quality. It can be said that the handover is a process of efficiently recognizing change in the communication environment and newly establishing a communication path to an optimum BS. That is, the handover corresponds to a process of establishing a communication path to a neighboring BS having a better communication environment than a serving BS when an MS is located at a cell boundary area.
The softer handover particularly refers to communication transfer from a BS currently in communication with a MS to a BS expected for the same communication with the MS without forced interruption of the existing communication channel. That is, the softer handover refers to a handover required when an MS currently receiving a service moves between sectors, which are divided from a cell to which a service is provided by a predetermined BS.
FIG. 1 illustrates a typical distributed antenna system that includes distributed antennas distributed around the same BS. In the distributed antenna system shown in FIG. 1, multiple distributed antennas 1, 2, 3, . . . , and N are distributed in a geometrically uniform arrangement around one BS 10. A MS (not shown) can communicate with the BS 10 through a distributed antenna corresponding to the area where the MS is located. Discrimination of the distributed antennas can be based on its own coverage area from a neighboring distributed antennas. The coverage areas of the distributed antennas altogether constitute an entire area, cell 20, controlled by a single BS.
FIG. 2 is a signal flow diagram of a handover process initiated by an MS in a typical WiMAX mobile communication system. Referring to FIG. 2, after initial network entry, a serving BS 202 transmits a Mobile Neighbor Base Station Advertisement (MOB_NBR_ADV) message to an MS 200 (step 210). The serving BS 202 transmits a DL_MAP/UL_MAP message to the corresponding MS 200 currently performing communication (step 212). While data is being exchanged, if the MS 200 determines to scan the neighbor BS 204, the MS 200 makes a request for a scanning interval by transmitting a scanning interval allocation request (MOB_SCAN-REQ) message to the BS (step 214). In response, the corresponding BS 202 transmits a scanning interval allocation response (MOB_SCAN-RESP) message including a scanning interval and scanning object information to the MS 200 (step 216). Then, the MS 200 scans the neighbor BS 204 within the scanning interval received from the serving BS 202 and measures signal intensities of the neighbor BS 204. When the signal intensity of the neighbor BS 204 is larger than that of the serving BS 202, the MS 200 reports this information by transmitting a mobile station handover request (MOB_MSHO-REQ) message to the serving BS 202 (step 218). The serving BS 202 accepts the handover determination (high speed BS switching/macro diversity handover), and requests resources by transmitting a handover notification (HO_NOTIFICATION) message to a target BS (step 220). In response, the target BS 202 transmits a handover notification response (HO_NOTIFICATION-RESP) message (step 222). Then, the serving BS 202 transmits a BS handover response (MOB_BSHO-RESP) message including information on the target BS 204 to the MS 200 (step 224), and the MS transmits a handover indication (MOB_HO-IND) message identifying completion of the handover to the serving BS 202 (step 226). The serving BS 202 transmits a handover notification confirmation (HO_NOTIFICATION-CONFIRM) message to the target BS 204 (step 228), and then transmits a DL_MAP/UL_MAP message to the MS 200 and the target BS 204 (steps 230 and 232). Thereafter, the MS 200 transmits an RNG_REQ message to the target BS 204 (step 234), exchanges an RNG_REQ/RESP message with the target BS 204, establishes a normal operation state, and then completes the handover process. Thereafter, the MS 200 prepares a process for the target BS 204. Specifically, the MS 200 exchanges data with the two BSs in the case of macro diversity handover.
FIG. 3 is a signal flow diagram of a handover process initiated by a BS in a typical WiMAX mobile communication system. Referring to FIG. 3, after initial network entry, a serving BS 302 transmits a Mobile Neighbor Base Station Advertisement (MOB_NBR_ADV) message to an MS 300 (step 310). The serving BS 302 transmits a DL_MAP/UL_MAP message to the corresponding MS 300 currently performing communication (step 312), exchanges data with the MS 300, and then determines to perform handover. The serving BS 302 transmits a handover notification (HO_NOTIFICATION) message to a target BS 304 (step 314). Further, the serving BS 302 transmits a DL_MAP/UL_MAP message to the MS 300 and the target BS 304 (steps 324 and 326). Thereafter, the MS 300 transmits an RNG_REQ message to the target BS 304 (step 328), exchanges an RNG_REQ/RESP message with the target BS 304, establishes a normal operation state, and then completes the handover process.
The conventional handover process as described above takes only the handover between BSs into consideration without reflecting handover in a distributed antenna system including a plurality of divided sectors within the same cell. In this regard, the BSs must synchronize with each other in relation to time and frame structure. However, such synchronization is a very difficult job, and a problem of overhead may occur while the BSs participating the handover share or transmit the MAC.

Method for performing softer handover in a broadband wireless communication system

Maetan-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do


A method for generating a hypertext markup language (HTML) page in which a style template is selected for a predetermined region of a web page layout. The predetermined region of the web page layout is a horizontal region spanning an entire width of the web page layout. The selected style template can be, for example, a title template, a text template, an audio template, a picture template, a parallel column template or a navigational bar template, and is selected by selecting a graphical icon representing the style of the template. The selected style template includes at least one HTML code defining a style of the style template and can include a space for information that is related to the style of the style template. Information related to the style of the template, such as a title, text, hypertext link information, a pointer to a file containing information that is to be inserted into the selected template, image information, graphical information and/or audio information, is inserted into the space before uploading the finished web page layout to a server. Typically, a plurality of selected style templates are concatenated to generate the finished web page layout. A finished web page layout is then uploaded to the server.

The distributed network known as the Internet is a global array of cooperatively interconnected computer networks. It includes the World Wide Web, which is a collection of websites defined by web servers—computers that store and retrieve computer files representing web pages that are requested by and displayed to users of the Internet. Web pages combine text, graphic images, animation, audio and other multimedia forms for presentation to viewers. In the Web environment, client machines communicate with Web servers using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which uses a standard page description language known as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). HTML provides basic document formatting and allows the developer to specify "links" to other servers and files.
It is known to provide web page authoring tools, such as "FRONT PAGE" and "FRONTPAGE EXPRESS" developed by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash., which provide web page authors an ability to quickly and efficiently create compelling web pages. Much of the power of these tools is derived from the use of style templates, which contain predefined HTML formatting commands for predetermined styles. Because of the need to store large libraries of templates and other large files, such as background bitmaps, state-of-the-art web-authoring tools require computer platforms with relatively large amounts of system resources, i.e., memory. With templates, a web page author avoids the tedious task of manually entering hundreds of HTML formatting commands.
When an HTML page is created, programs such as "FRONTPAGE" and "FRONTPAGE EXPRESS" use a stream-based approach that generates a page layout arranged as a stream of commands and data. A particular style command is selected. Data, such as text, is then entered. The selected style is then closed. Such an approach is extremely flexible by providing many layout styles, but, as mentioned, requires that a client device on which the HTML page is being created to have a significant amount of processing power and memory.
There is a recent growing trend towards the use of portable hand-held computing devices that offer portability, but which provide somewhat limited computing features. Known hand-held devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), provide for the storage and retrieval of addresses and other information, sending and receiving of e-mail via communications link and other functionality defined by resident software applications. PDAs offer the capability of remote connectivity to a desktop computer or to the Internet using a communications link, enabling users to upload and download information, and to synchronize information stored in the PDA with information on a host computer, from virtually any geographic location. Hand-held devices also include rather specialized platforms, such as digital cameras, which provide users with the capability of instantly recording electronic images on a removable storage device, such as a floppy diskette, for later viewing on a desktop computer. From the desktop computer, users may send the image files to their friends via e-mail, post them to an existing website on the World Wide Web, or incorporate them into their own website. As the user interfaces and features of digital cameras become more sophisticated, they may tend to incorporate much of the functionality of PDAs.
One consequence of the compact designs and low weights consumers desire in hand-held electronic devices is that such devices are limited in the amount of system resources, namely memory and screen size, that they provide. Although the portability of hand-held devices make them attractive as web-authoring platforms, they have not heretofore been considered as feasible platforms for web creation, primarily because of their limited system resources. It would therefore be desirable to provide a web-authoring system and method that are suitable for implementation on a hand-held device, such as a PDA or a digital camera. Such a system and method would permit users of digital cameras, for example, to create compelling web pages that incorporate digital images they have recorded "on-the-spot" and provide their own textual information for presentation to others on the World Wide Web. It would also be desirable to provide a way to layout an HTML page that does not require the client device on which the HTML page is being created to have a significant amount of processing power and/or memory.


An optical lens of an optical connector includes alignment features for passive connection alignment. Fiber inserted into the lens is aligned with a fiber groove that restricts motion in at least one direction to align the fiber. The lens includes an alignment feature to passively align the lens with a mating alignment feature of a mating connector. The groove may, for example, be L-, V-, or U-shaped. The alignment feature can be a post with corresponding recess. Alignment can further be secured with a tab that constrains pivoting of the connectors when engaged.

Current computer platform architecture design encompasses many different interfaces to connect one device to another device. The interfaces provide I/O (input/output) for computing devices and peripherals, and may use a variety of protocols and standards to provide the I/O. The differing interfaces may also use different hardware structures to provide the interface. For example, current computer systems typically include multiple ports with corresponding connection interfaces, as implemented by physical connectors and plugs at the ends of the cables connecting the devices. Common connector types may include a Universal Serial Bus (USB) subsystem with a number of associated USB plug interfaces, DisplayPort, High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), Firewire (as set forth in IEEE 1394), or other connector type.
Increased throughput on interconnects is generally considered desirable. While optical signals are known to have high bandwidth data transfer, implementing optical signal interconnecting introduces challenges in the small form factors and plug-and-unplug environments of computing devices. Usability and durability issues are introduced by common use scenarios. When connectors are unplugged, they may suffer from smudges or minor dust contamination, and repeated use may cause loosening of connectors. Thus, optical signal transfer may degrade by normal use of a connector and corresponding interface port, reducing the effectiveness of the interface.
Descriptions of certain details and implementations follow, including a description of the figures, which may depict some or all of the embodiments described below, as well as discussing other potential embodiments or implementations of the inventive concepts presented herein. An overview of embodiments of the invention is provided below, followed by a more detailed description with reference to the drawings.

Connector optical lens with alignment features


A random access memory includes a memory array of storage cells arranged in addressable rows and columns. A serial register is coupled to the memory array and to a serial register address decoder. A serial counter generates and applies to the serial register address decoder a sequence of addresses starting with an initial tap address. In response to the initial tap address, a first data bit is read out of an addressed storage cell of the memory array and is applied to a first input of a multiplexer. The initial tap address either is passed to the serial register address decoder or is incremented and applied to the serial register addressed decoder for accessing a second data bit from the serial register to a multiplexer. The initial tap address is incremented before passage only if the least significant bit of the initial address is odd.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention pertains to data processing systems, generally, and more particularly to data processing systems using a very fast access semiconductor memory array.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the prior art, data processing systems transfer an entire row of data bits from a dynamic random access memory into a serial register for readout. From the serial register, the entire row of data bits may be read out in a serial sequence. We know that this operation puts limits on the speed of some data processing systems.
In order to improve the speed of access of the first bit of a serial readout operation of a random access memory, the initial tap (column) address is latched into a register for accessing the selected first bit directly from the memory array rather than from the serial register. The selected initial bit is transmitted through a first data line from the array directly to a first input of a multiplexer. Subsequent bits are transmitted from taps associated with the sequential stages of the serial register. Addressing the stages of the serial register is accomplished by presetting a tap address counter to a count state equivalent to the initial tap address and incrementing that count state in response to the readout clock.
Address decoding is designed to enable simultaneous readout from pairs of adjacent serial register stages. The two bits of information (one from an odd column address and one from an even column address) are transmitted through separate leads, each associated with a different input to an odd/even multiplexer, or selector. The least significant bit of the tap address determines whether the bit from the odd column address or the bit from the even column address is transmitted through the multiplexer.
When the initial tap address is an even number, the first and second bits are accessed very rapidly. The first bit is accessed directly from the memory array, as previously described. The second bit is accessed from an addressed tap of the serial register. That tap is previously addressed because of the paired adjacent stages of the serial register addressing scheme, as previously described. As soon as the least significant bit of the tap address counter is incremented, the second bit is transmitted through the odd/even multiplexer.
A problem arises, however, when the initial tap address is an odd number. The first bit is accessed very rapidly directly from the memory array, again as previously described. Access of the second bit is much slower under these circumstances because when the tap address is incremented, the incremented count must ripple through at least first and second stages of the tap address counter, some interconnecting leads, and the decoder circuitry before the second tap address is valid. The delay caused by the ripple through increment addressing of the second tap is sufficiently long that the operating speed of some data processing systems must be reduced to wait for data being read out of the memory.

Random access memory with a serial register arranged for quick access of a second bit from an arbitrary address


A log management service provides automated log management for any applications deployed on a cloud. A security profile defining the logging requirements for the application is associated with the application. During deployment, a deployment appliance queries the service, providing an application context and deployment topology. The log management service references the supplied application context and deployment topology against the defined log requirements in the security profile and, in response, determines an applicable set of log files, residency and longevity requirements. The log management service then identifies/specifies the log collection resources and requirements that are necessary and instructs the requesting deployment process to configure the one or more log sources and event collectors as needed. As log data is generated by the log sources, logs are sent to a specified log management service provider for the deployed application, and the log management service provider handles particular audit requirements.

Technical Field
This disclosure relates generally to deploying applications in a "cloud" compute environment.
Background of the Related Art
An emerging information technology (IT) delivery model is cloud computing, by which shared resources, software and information are provided over the Internet to computers and other devices on-demand. Cloud computing can significantly reduce IT costs and complexities while improving workload optimization and service delivery. With this approach, an application instance can be hosted and made available from Internet-based resources that are accessible through a conventional Web browser over HTTP. An example application might be one that provides a common set of messaging functions, such as email, calendaring, contact management, and instant messaging. A user would then access the service directly over the Internet. Using this service, an enterprise would place its email, calendar and/or collaboration infrastructure in the cloud, and an end user would use an appropriate client to access his or her email, or perform a calendar operation.
Cloud compute resources are typically housed in large server farms that run one or more network applications, typically using a virtualized architecture wherein applications run inside virtual servers, or so-called "virtual machines" (VMs), that are mapped onto physical servers in a data center facility. The virtual machines typically run on top of a hypervisor, which is a control program that allocates physical resources to the virtual machines.
Businesses often have to provide information to show compliance with different government regulations. These regulations include, for example, the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and the like. Often times, compliance with these and other regulations may be shown using information contained in audit logs maintained by information technology (IT) organizations. For compliance reasons, these audit logs often are maintained for years. Audit logs are useful for checking the enforcement and effectiveness of information technology controls, accountability, and vulnerability, and/or risk analysis. An information technology organization also may use auditing of security related critical activities to aid in forensic investigations, such as security incidents that may occur. When a security incident occurs, an audit log enables an analysis of the history of activities that occurred prior to the security incident occurring. These activities include, who did what, when, where, and how. With the analysis of an audit log, appropriate corrective actions may be taken. Audit logs are typically made available in relational databases to allow easy querying of the information by reporting programs or software to generate operational and trend reports.
While compliance may be seen to ensure the ability to ensure that a security policy is enforced, compliance may also be applied to other types of policy, such as service level agreements (e.g., using timestamps on audit logs to ensure that an overall Service Level Agreement (SLA) is satisfied), legislative compliance (e.g., on control or release of privacy-related information), or even policy management itself (e.g., who changed a policy, when and how, and was it in compliance with the policy for compliance-policy-management).
Security intelligence and audit capabilities require centralized collection and management of log resources. While many options for log collection are available, centralized management becomes more difficult in a virtualized environment due to the rapidly changing software environments. More importantly, real-time application of policies on a log-by-log basis may not be possible, despite being critical for audit and security intelligence.
Prior art exists in many areas of log management. Cloud-based platforms allow for log self-registration. Also, software is available for log auto-discovery based on application installed on a machine. Centralized policy management solutions also are available. These options, however fall short in a virtualized application zone environment due to the log collection and handling requirements being both context-specific and dynamic.

Application self-service for assured log management in cloud environments

International Business Machines Corporation


Continuous format high throughput screening (CF-HTS) using at least one porous matrix allows the pharmaceutical industry to simultaneously screen large numbers of chemical entities for a wide range of biological or biochemical activity. In addition, CF-HTS is useful to perform multi-step assays.

Biochemical and biological assays are designed to test for activity in a broad range of systems ranging from protein-protein interactions, enzyme catalysis, small molecule-protein binding, to cellular functions. In "High Throughput Screening" (HTS), one uses these kinds of assays to test a large number of chemical entities in order to discover previously unknown biological or biochemical activities of the chemical entities.


A sutureless biopsy closure that includes an adhesive member adapted to be disposed over a biopsy region prior to the performance of the biopsy; at least one adhesive strip including one end supported on the adhesive member and a second free end forming a tab. The tab is adapted to extend over the biopsy region to seal the wound.

There are existing techniques for taking biopsies and thereafter closing the biopsy incision or wound. There are also existing techniques for closing a trocar port wound. There are drawbacks associated with existing techniques including the need for multiple instruments in performing the biopsy which typically includes sutures, a needle holder and forceps. There is also the potential for a needle stick injury. There is an increased cost of suturing and sterilization of the instruments used. There is also a need for the nurse to place a bandage on the wound following the procedure and the patient must return to have the suture removed.
Another problem associated with current technique, particularly for performing a biopsy, is that once the local anesthesia is administered the skin lesion often disappears due to the infiltration of the anesthetic into the skin. The physician then loses the location of where to take the biopsy. To prevent this, the surgeon often marks the area with a magic-marker prior to infiltrating the anesthetic. However, this requires additional steps in the process.
Accordingly it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved sutureless wound closure and associated method of application.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a wound closure that is preferably applied to the site prior to the biopsy.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a closure that does not require any separate instruments for application thereof.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a closure that is relatively inexpensive, easy to apply and does not require subsequent procedures.

Sutureless wound closure and method of application


A distinct cultivar of Chrysanthemum plant named `Yoclarion`, characterized by its compact and uniformly mounded plant habit; freely branching habit; small leaves; uniform and early flowering; numerous and small anemone spray-type inflorescences that are about 3.75 cm in diameter; attractive purple ray florets and purple-tipped disc florets; and good postproduction longevity with inflorescenes and leaves maintaining good substance and color for about three or four weeks in an interior environment.

The present invention relates to a new and distinct cultivar of Chrysanthemum plant, botanically known as Dendranthema grandiflora and hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name Yoclarion. The plant is being marketed under the name Clarion.
The new Chrysanthemum is a product of a planned breeding program conducted by the inventor in Salinas, Calif. The objective of the breeding program is to create new pot-type Chrysanthemum cultivars having desirable inflorescence forms and floret colors and excellent post-production longevity.
The new Chrysanthemum originated from a cross made by the breeder in July, 1993, in Salinas, Calif., of two unnamed proprietary Chrysanthemum seedling selections.
The new Chrysanthemum was discovered and selected by the inventor as a flowering plant within the progeny of the stated cross in a controlled environment in Salinas, Calif., in April 1994. The selection of this plant was based on its desirable inflorescence form and floret colors and good postproduction longevity.
Asexual reproduction of the new Chrysanthemum by terminal cuttings harvested in a controlled environment in Salinas, Calif. has shown that the unique features of this new Chrysanthemum are stable and reproduced true to type in successive generations.


A recording disc has a lead-in area and a data area. A scrambled version of a SID code word is read out from the lead-in area of the disc. The SID code word represents a producer of the disc. The readout scrambled version is de-scrambled to recover the SID code word. The recovered SID code word is collated with reference SID code words to decide whether or not the disc is legitimate. Main information is read out from the data area of the disc when it is decided that the disc is legitimate. Readout of the main information from the data area of the disc is inhibited when it is decided that the disc is not legitimate.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method and an apparatus for reproducing information from a recording disc such as a DVD (digital video disc), a CD (compact disc), or a CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory). Also, this invention relates to a method and an apparatus for recording information on a recording disc. Furthermore, this invention relates to a recording disc.
2. Description of the Related Art
According to a conceivable system (which is not prior art to this invention) for copyright protection regarding main information on a recording disc, copyright management information is scrambled, and the scrambled version of the copyright management information is recorded on a legitimate disc. Also, main information is recorded on the legitimate disc. The copyright management information is designed so that a portion thereof forms a playback permission key. Thus, a legitimate disc stores a playback permission key. On the other hand, an illegal copy disc or a pirated disc lacks a playback permission key.
A disc player according to the conceivable system is designed to start the reproduction of main information from a recording disc only when a playback permission key is successfully detected. Specifically, when a legitimate disc is placed in the disc player, the disc player reads out the scrambled version of copyright management information from the legitimate disc and de-scrambles it into the original copyright management information. The disc player detects a playback permission key in the copyright management information. Then, the disc player starts to reproduce main information from the legitimate disc in response to successful detection of the playback permission key.
When a pirated disc is placed in the disc player according to the conceivable system, the disc player reads out information corresponding to copyright management information and subjects it to a de-scrambling process. Since the pirated disc lacks copyright management information and the de-scrambling resultant information differs from the copyright management information, the disc player does not detect any playback permission key. Accordingly, the disc player will not start to reproduce main information from the pirated disc.

Method and apparatus for recording and reproducing information on and from recording disc


The invention relates to a test method and a test apparatus for a semiconductor integrated circuit device having a high-speed input/output device, and it has for its object to perform the test of the high-speed I/O exceeding 1 GHz, promptly by a simple board construction, without altering a test system for individual I/O specifications. A semiconductor integrated circuit device (1) having a high-speed input/output device (2) is set on a load board (3) which is provided with loopback paths (4) each connecting the external output terminal and external input terminal of the semiconductor integrated circuit device (1) by transmission lines, and the operation of the high-speed input/output device (2) is tested within the semiconductor integrated circuit device (1) by utilizing test means (5) disposed inside the semiconductor integrated circuit device (1), and the loopback paths (4).

With the heightened speeds and enlarged capacities of optical communication networks in recent years, the operating frequency of a microprocessor has become 30 times higher, the operating speed of a hard disk drive 25 times higher, and the transfer rate of the network [Ethernet (registered trademark)] 100 times higher. On the other hand, it is the existing condition that the transfer rate of a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus has hardly changed.
In processing the streaming dat a of a dynamic image, audio technology, etc., however, it has been desired to heighten the transfer rate still more.
In input/output interfaces of the next generation as conform to such a further heightened rate in the future, there are the tendency that multiple reflections are intended to be suppressed by adopting a point-to-point interconnection scheme which connects two adjacent LSIs in one-to-one correspondence, and the tendency that a narrow data-width on the order of 8 bits is adopted so as to facilitate the adjustment of a clock skew even at a high operating frequency.
The adoption of the point-to-point interconnections or the narrow data-width makes easy to employ a network structure which controls the transfer of data with a switch LSI centered, and it therefore affords a construction which is suitable for the transfer of the streaming data.
In this case, however, the interface must be operated at a much higher frequency than in a bus interface having a broad data-width.
By way of example, a high-speed input/output circuit which operates at or above 1 GHz is required in order that a data transfer rate being about 10 times higher than in a PCI bus of 32-bit width may be realized using a data bus of 8-bit width.
It is expected that, in order to comply with such a demand for the heightened rate, the quantity of production of LSIs each having a high-speed I/O of LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signaling) or the like will steadily increase from now on.
Besides, the high-speed I/O includes a multiplexer, a PLL (Phase Locked Loop), or the like. Regarding a test, accordingly, there is necessitated a measure which is different from an LFT (Loose Function Test) or a DC test having hitherto been practiced for an I/O section, that is, an at-speed test.
Even at the present time, in specifications, a probe card itself or the very LSI tester is capable of coping with digital signals which exceed 1 Gbit/second.
However, the whole test system in which the card or the tester is combined is limited to a test for digital signals on the order of 200 Mbits/second to 400 Mbits/second. The circumstances will be explained with reference to FIG. 7.
Reference to FIG. 7:
FIG. 7 is the conceptual constructional view of a prior-art test system. In the prior-art test system, an IC socket 72 is disposed at the central part of a load board 71, lead lines 73 are laid so as to connect to the IC socket 72, and coaxial cables 75 are connected to an LSI tester 74 so as to couple to the lead lines 73.
Besides, using a handler 76, a DUT (Device Under Test) 77 which is a device to-be-tested is set on the IC socket 72 so as to perform a test.
In this case, the magnitudes of wiring lengths (cable lengths) from the DUT 77 to the LSI tester 74 being a waveform detection portion become a problem.
More specifically, in a high frequency signal whose clock frequency is 1 GHz or above, the distortion of a digital waveform appears under the influence of a skin effect which is proportional to the square of a line length, or a dielectric loss which is proportional to the line length. Therefore, in a case where the wiring length from the DUT 77 to the LSI tester 74 being the waveform detection portion is large, it becomes very difficult to detect a digital signal whose clock frequency exceeds 1 GHz.
In such a situation, there has been developed an analog BOST (Built-Out Self-Test) in which a measurement circuit and an analysis circuit for analog signals are mounted on the load board, whereby a general-purpose logic tester is permitted to perform an analog test.
Mentioned as the merits of the BOST are:    that, in the first place, a guarantee with an external interface included is possible;    that, secondly, the area penalty of a chip is not involved; and    that, thirdly, observability in a chip evaluation is high.
When a BOST for an LSI having a high-speed I/O in the future is considered, the first and third merits stated above are conditions indispensable to the test of the high-speed I/O, and the test of the high-speed I/O is permitted by remarkably reducing the wiring length from the DUT to the signal detection portion as indicated before.
Meanwhile, in a semiconductor integrated circuit device (LSI), it has been proposed as a test facilitating design to separate the interior of the LSI into I/Os and internal logic by a boundary scan register. This will be described with reference to FIG. 8.
Reference to FIG. 8:
FIG. 8 is the conceptual constructional view of a semiconductor integrated circuit device which is provided with a boundary scan register. The boundary scan register 83 is disposed at the outer peripheral part of a semiconductor chip 81, thereby to isolate I/Os 84 from internal logic 82 which is constituted by logic circuits, a memory, etc. disposed inside.
Owing to the use of such a boundary scan register, the test of the internal logic is facilitated, and it is simultaneously permitted to designate transmission signals or test reception signals for the high-speed I/Os.
Besides, a logic BIST (Built-In Self-Test) has been proposed as another test facilitating design. This will be described with reference to FIG. 9.
Reference to FIG. 9:
FIG. 9 is the conceptual constructional view of a semiconductor integrated circuit device which adopts a logic BIST. A pseudo-random pattern generator 92 and an output pattern compressor 93 are disposed on a semiconductor chip 91, and the pseudo-random pattern generator 92 and the output pattern compressor 93 are connected by a scan chain 94.
An LSI tester 95 which is disposed outside in this case performs the initial setting of the pseudo-random pattern generator 92, and the obtainment of a result from the output pattern compressor 93.
Besides, unlike in the prior art, a test pattern is not outputted from the LSI tester 95, but it is outputted from the pseudo-random pattern generator 92 included in the LSI. The result of a test in the LSI is sent to the output pattern compressor 93.
Besides, the pseudo-random pattern generator 92 is constructed of, for example, an LFSR (Linear Feedback Shift Register), and the output pattern compressor 93 is constructed of, for example, an MISR (Multiple Input Signature Register), whereby the area penalty of the semiconductor chip 91 can be realized small.
In general, however, the BOST has the demerits:    that, in the first place, the number of pins of the chip is limited; and    that, secondly, a packaging space for packaging the measurement circuit and the analysis circuit is necessary on the load board. Among them, the first demerit poses no problem in the high-speed I/O test, but the second demerit concerning the packaging space needs to be solved.
Further, a problem peculiar to the high-speed I/O test in considering the BOST is adaptations to various specifications including input/output signal levels.
By way of example, in the high-speed I/O test, the BOST has the problem that the various specifications, such as the input/output signal levels [CML (Current Mode Logic), LVDS, etc.] and high-speed signal processing techniques [waveform emphasis (preemphasis), multi-valued transmission, simultaneous bidirectional transmission, etc.], must be conformed to.
On the other hand, the logic BIST has the problem that a test closed within the LSI cannot be performed for testing the I/O portion.
Accordingly, the present invention has for its object to perform the test of a high-speed I/O exceeding 1 GHz, promptly by a simple board construction, without altering a test system for individual I/O specifications.

Testing method and tester for semiconductor integrated circuit device comprising high-speed input/output element


Reusing design data in a computer-aided design model includes automatically analyzing a computer-aided design file to identify a set of elements, storing information corresponding to each element in a manner enabling querying and retrieval of the information, presenting one element in a user interface upon retrieval of the information corresponding to the one element, selecting the presented element for inclusion in the model, and constructing the model by incorporating the presented element in the model. The information identifies corresponding elements to facilitate reproduction of at least one element. The information is data indicating a location in the computer-aided design file or data defining at least one of the elements. The stored information allows querying and searching for elements matching a search criterion in a manner free of opening the design file.

Computer-aided design (CAD) software allows a user to construct and manipulate complex three-dimensional (3D) models. A number of different modeling techniques can be used to create a 3D model. One such technique is a solid modeling technique, which provides for topological 3D models where the 3D model is a collection of interconnected topological entities (e.g., vertices, edges, and faces). The topological entities have corresponding supporting geometrical entities (e.g., points, trimmed curves, and trimmed surfaces). The trimmed surfaces correspond to the topological faces bounded by the edges. CAD systems may combine solid modeling and other modeling techniques, such as parametric modeling techniques. Parametric modeling techniques can be used to define various parameters for different features and components of a model, and to define relationships between those features and components based on relationships between the various parameters.
A design engineer is a typical user of a 3D CAD system. The design engineer designs physical and aesthetic aspects of 3D models, and is skilled in 3D modeling techniques. The design engineer creates parts and may assemble the parts into a subassembly. Parts and subassemblies may be used to design an assembly.
A solid modeling system may be a feature-based 3D CAD system wherein a part is constructed using various features. Examples of features include bosses, fillets, chamfers, cuts, holes, shells, lofts, and sweeps. Commercially available feature-based modeling systems include the SolidWorks® 2007 software system available from SolidWorks Corporation of Concord, Mass. SolidWorks software and other commercially available CAD systems store the contents of parts, subassemblies, and assemblies in a data file. In addition to features, the contents of CAD data files may include design profiles, layouts, internal components (e.g., bodies), and graphical entities.
Often, new or modified product designs evolve from existing designs, and thus, a design engineer constructs a model that has similar characteristics to a model that has previously been built. However, entities that make up the similar characteristics may not be readily available to use again in a design. The previously built model may be stored in a data file created by a legacy CAD system and not readable by a CAD system currently in use. On the other hand, the currently used CAD system may be able to read the data file created by a legacy system, but the contents of the data file may not be assessable in the granularity desired by the design engineer. Thus, the design engineer may need to construct the same data entities again in their entirety.
Some CAD systems, such as SolidWorks 2007 software, allow design engineers to specify design data that may be used for future designs. Once design data is specified, the design data may be organized for reuse, including for example, specifying and saving data as two-dimensional sketch blocks or library features. To reuse data stored as sketch blocks or library features, a design engineer must have the forethought that the data may be needed again in another design and must proactively specify the appropriate data for later use. Moreover, after saving the design data for reuse, the design data may only be used again after being located. Locating the saved design data may require using a file browser to conduct an extensive manual search in relevant CAD files for the saved data. Once the saved design data is located, the design engineer may select a name of a feature or sketch block and drag the name into the window area in which the part appears, at which time the saved data will graphically appear in the part.
In addition to feature libraries and sketch blocks, CAD systems may also provide feature recognition capabilities. In general, feature recognition capabilities are based on heuristics and identify features of a part created by a non-native CAD system. Moreover, feature recognition techniques do not necessarily capture the design intent because information on how a feature is created may be lacking. Feature recognition techniques may also be limited in scope. For example, a feature recognition process may only recognize features in a currently opened CAD file requiring the user to find the appropriate CAD file, open the file, and then initiate the feature recognition process.
Other methods of locating previously designed CAD data include search mechanisms. SolidWorks 2007 software provides a search mechanism using a textual search technique that locates a part file using a text string. However, the software accesses and opens the entire part rather than a specific entity therein. This is analogous to a web search technique that locates a web page given a text string and opens an entire web page that contains the text.
Time-saving advantages and enhancements to state of the art CAD systems could be achieved by providing an efficient means that allows design engineers to automatically locate needed design data whatever the granularity without having to first proactively save specific segments of design data for reuse, manually browse a file system for the specific segment of design data for reuse, and open the entire file that contains the reusable design data.

Reusable data constructs for a modeling system

Dassault Systemes Solidworks Corporation


This invention concerns a process for fluorinating a perfluoroelastomer which has previously been crosslinked by exposure to ionizing radiation. The resulting product has reduced outgassing. This makes perfluoroelastomer parts that have undergone the process particularly useful in clean rooms and for semiconductor manufacturing.

Perfluoroelastomers are used where high temperature and/or chemical resistance are required in rubber parts, as in seals. These materials are typically crosslinked through small amounts of curesite monomers incorporated into the polymer chains to provide reactive crosslinking sites. However, for some uses, crosslinking using added chemicals is not necessarily desirable, since it may lead to outgassing of low molecular weight species from the crosslinked polymer, particularly at high temperatures, which can lead to chemical contamination of "clean" environments.
Perfluoroelastomers may also be cured by exposing them to ionizing radiation, which does not deliberately introduce new chemical species into the polymer. However, exposure to the radiation often results in relatively unstable groups being produced in the crosslinked perfluoroelastomer. It has now been found that fluorination destroys many of these unstable groups, resulting in a product with relatively low outgassing.
The fluorination of perfluorinated thermoplastics to remove "impurities" or relatively unstable groups is known, see for instance U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,675,380, 4,687,708 and 4,743,658. Partially fluorinated polymers have also been treated with fluorine to form a perfluorinated polymers, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,948,844. It is believed that none of these patents involve crosslinked polymers.

Fluorination of radiation crosslinked perfluoroelastomers


According to one embodiment, a memory controller is disclosed. The memory controller includes a phase locked loop (PLL) to generate a differential reference clock and a first clocking component coupled to the PLL. The first clocking component includes a first delay locked loop (DLL) to receive the reference clock and to generate transmit and receive delay de-skew clock signals, a first set of phase interpolators to provide data transmit de-skewing and a first set of slave delay lines to provide data receive de-skewing.

A memory controller is an integrated circuit located on the motherboard, or processor die, within a computer system that manages the flow of data to and from a main memory device. Particularly, memory controllers include logic necessary to read and write data to dynamic RAM (DRAM). A component of the logic includes a clocking architecture to carry out transactions with the DRAM.
The clocking architecture typically includes special delay locked loops (DLL) that are used to transmit de-skew and receive de-skew. However, the conventional clocking architecture implements a relatively large number of logic components to control all de-skewing for a single memory controller channel.

Modular memory controller clocking architecture


A suction box for a machine for manufacturing a fiber web extends transverse to the travel direction of a porous belt and applies suction to the belt and the fiber suspension on the belt. The suction box has an open side toward the belt. At least two and more usually a plurality of support strips contact and extend transverse to the travel direction of the belt. Each adjacent pair of strips defines a suction slot. At one or both lateral side zones of the belt, a respective filler limits each slot, and the fillers establish the length of the slot across the belt. A respective filler extension extends inward from each of the fillers. The extensions are pervious to the fluids being suctioned, such as water and air, by being narrowed or wedge shaped or by being perforated. The fillers with their extensions are adjustable in position transverse to the direction of travel.

The present invention relates to a suction box for the use in a section of a machine for the manufacturing a fiber web, for instance a paper web, and particularly to regulating the size of the suction entry toward the belt carrying the fiber web to which suction is being applied.
A suction box of a similar type is disclosed in Federal Republic of Germany Patent 1937740.
In a paper manufacturing machine, such a suction box is used in the forming section of the machine for removing water from a fiber suspension for a paper web which is being formed either on a wire belt or between two wire belts called wires. The wire or wires travel over the inlet side of the suction box, together with the fiber web or the web of paper from which the water is to be removed. The vacuum in the suction box helps to remove water from the fiber or paper web passing over the box. The suction box is not restricted to use in a forming section, but may be used for other sections where suction is to be applied to a moving belt. The belt may be a wire or may be a felt or fabric belt, but is a belt suitable for the respective section of the machine.
The suction box has at least two spaced apart support strips, and typically has more than two support strips, which come into contact with the wire belt, or with one of the two wire belts. There is a suction slot defined between every two support strips. In DE '740, the length of a suction slot, and thus the length of the suction zone, is determined by two sealing strips. In other known constructions, slot fillers are fitted in sealing manner between adjacent support strips on each lateral end of the suction box, i.e. in the regions on both sides of the wire belt. The placement of the fillers determines the length of the respective suction zones in the direction across the wire. If necessary, at least some of the fillers can be shifted transversely to the direction of travel of the wire belt, in order to change the length of the respective suction zones across the wire. Such fillers are generally referred to as format slides.
The above DE '740 is concerned inter alia with the problem of reducing wearing of the wire and on the support strips. This wear is caused by the wire belt or in other cases a felt belt, travelling in direct contact over the support strips of the suction box. In DE '740, this wear is reduced by reducing the distance between the support strips as much as possible. In actual practice, however, at times there is still premature wear of the wire belt, particularly in the regions toward the lateral sides of the wire belt.


The present invention relates to a portable storage device with multiple data interfaces coupled to an electronic device for performing data access. The portable storage device has a casing, a circuit board, a first data interface and a second data interface. The casing contains a cavity, and a first opening and a second opening are located in both sides thereof. The circuit board is placed inside the cavity and contains a memory for performing data access. One terminals of the first data interface and the second data interface are electrically connected to both sides of the circuit board, respectively. The other terminals of the first data interface and the second data interface protrude out of the casing via the first opening and the second opening, respectively, to be coupled to an electronic device for performing data access.

Recently, with the increasing demands for portable storage devices, portable storage devices have gradually changed from small-capacity disks to large-capacity portable storage devices. The current large-capacity portable storage device not only is lightweight and small, but also has an exposed data interface, such as a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a mini-USB interface or an IEEE 1394 interface. A user only needs to connect the portable storage device to an electronic device via the exposed data interface for conveniently performing data access and exchange between the portable storage device and the electronic device.
FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B are schematic 3-D and cross-sectional views showing a conventional portable storage device. The conventional portable storage device 100 generally includes a casing 110, a circuit board 120 and a data interface 130. The circuit board 120 is placed inside the casing 110 to prevent the circuit board 120 from being damaged by external touch. The circuit board 120 contains a memory device for storing data and requires related circuit layouts (not shown). The data interface 130 is electrically connected to the circuit board 120, and can be coupled to an electronic device (not shown), so as to perform data transmission and exchange between the portable storage device 100 and the electronic device via the data interface 130.
However, the current portable storage device only has a single type of data interface, such as a USB interface, or another interface, such as a mini USB interface or an IEEE 1394 interface. If an electronic device does not equip with the data interface matching the data interface of the portable storage device, no data transmission or access can be performed between the portable storage device and the electronic device, unless the user uses a data interface adapter, thus causing a lot of inconvenience for the user.
Besides, all the data interfaces in the aforementioned portable storage devices are exposed by the casing. For preventing the data interface from being damaged by impact, a cap is generally mounted on the outside surface of the data interface element for protection.

Portable storage device with multiple data interfaces


Articles of manufacture and a method of making the articles are provided. The articles of manufacture comprise CpFlu metallocene catalyzed polypropylene homopolymers and C2–C3 random copolymers having narrow molecular weight distributions and low xylene solubles (or extractables) contents. Because of a number of desirable properties, the polypropylene homopolymers and C2–C3 random copolymers may be used to prepare a wide variety of useful articles, including but not limited to cast films, such as packaging; fibers suitable for use in fabrics and carpet applications, and injection and blow molded items such as bottles.

1. Technical Field
This invention relates to the field of polymers and more specifically to the field of articles prepared from polypropylene homopolymers and copolymers.
2. Background of the Art
Homopolymers and copolymers of polypropylene are typically polymerized in continuous polymerization reactors, such as, for example, loop reactors. To produce these polymers one or more monomer streams are generally introduced into the selected reactor and then circulated with an appropriate catalyst. Frequently, conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts are employed. The resulting polymers may be subjected to appropriate purification and post-processing steps and then made into end products using conventional techniques such as injection molding and extrusion. These end products may be, for example, films, molded articles, and fibers, as well as the woven and non-woven products that may be prepared from the fibers.
Unfortunately, Ziegler-Natta catalyzed polypropylene products often suffer from certain undesirable physical and mechanical properties problems. For example, films may exhibit undesirably poor clarity, which reduces their commercial potential. Molded parts may exhibit reduced smoothness, strength and toughness. Fibers, too, may show less than desirable levels of strength and toughness, which may result in problems during weaving or other steps necessary to prepare end products therefrom. Because of these problems, a need exists for articles of manufacture, prepared from polypropylene materials, in which these problems are reduced or eliminated.

End use articles derived from polypropylene homopolymers and random copolymers


The detector comprises a loopback unit 10 which is connected to a connector formed at one end of an optical camera cable, an optical loop fiber 11 connecting a first optical fiber 31 and a second optical fiber 32, and a short-circuit wiring 12 which short-circuits plural electric lines of the optical camera cable. The detector also comprises a measuring unit 40 comprising a transmission loss measuring part which is connected to a connector formed at the other end of the optical camera cable and measures transmission loss between the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber, a resistivity measuring part which measures resistivity between electric lines, a disconnection detecting part which detects connection or disconnection of electric lines by using measured resistivity, and a display part, which displays the result of transmission loss measured by the transmission loss measuring part and connection or disconnection detected by the disconnection detecting part.

Conventionally, as shown in a patent document 1, i.e., Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2000-59661, an optical composite cable for a TV camera which comprises a pair of optical fibers, a pair of signal lines, and a shield line, is a common and well-known example in order to control a TV camera. Image data and sound signals of a TV camera are transferred through optical fibers, control signals controlling the camera are transferred through signal lines, and electric power is supplied to the TV camera through power supply lines. This optical composite cable is used in the open air.
For example, in order to broadcast a golf game, it has been necessary to install cameras at a lot of spots of the course and to connect those cameras and a relay car by using a large number of conventional optical composite cables.

Detector detecting transmission performance of optical composite cable


A transport track extends through first and second stations for transporting paper postal items through the stations. The first and second stations are equipped with first and second drives for driving circulatable surfaces of the respective station along the transport track. The second drive is controlled for driving at least one of the second station's circulatable surfaces at a circumferential speed higher than the circumferential speed of the first station's circulatable surfaces. While a stack of postal items passes from the first station to the second station, highest normal force exerted thereon by the circulatable surfaces of the second station is larger or smaller than the highest normal force exerted thereon by the circulatable surfaces of the first station.

The invention relates to a multi-station system and to a method for processing paper postal items.
In many cases, the automated production of postal items involves collation of a number of postal items that are to be included in a mail piece. Such postal items may for instance include documents, each constituted by one or more sheets, business reply envelopes, cards on carriers, brochures etc.
One manner of transporting is in mutual alignment against a transport finger that pushes the stack along a transport track. A disadvantage of this manner of transportation is, that the postal items lie loosely on top of each other, which entails a risk of jams, in particular if the items are to be stacked and/or transported at high speed.
In another manner of transporting postal items, the postal items are retained in a mutually fixed position. When transferring the stacked postal items from one station to a next station, the stations being driven by separate drives, the transport track of each station may be driven at a slightly higher speed than the transport track of the preceding station to avoid buckling of the postal items between the stations. However, in such systems, the sheets within a stack tend to be slightly displaced relative to each other in transport direction.

Multi-station system and method for processing paper postal items


Present embodiments provide for a mobile device and an optical imaging lens thereof. The optical imaging lens comprises five lens elements positioned sequentially from an object side to an image side and an aperture stop positioned before the first lens element. Through controlling the convex or concave shape of the surfaces of the lens elements and designing parameters satisfying two inequalities, the optical imaging lens shows better optical characteristics and the total length of the optical imaging lens is shortened.

The ever-increasing demand for smaller sized mobile devices, such as cell phones, digital cameras, etc. correspondingly triggered a growing need for a smaller sized photography module, comprising elements such as an optical imaging lens, a module housing unit, and an image sensor, etc., contained therein. Size reductions may be contributed from various aspects of the mobile devices, which includes not only the charge coupled device (CCD) and the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS), but also the optical imaging lens mounted therein. When reducing the size of the optical imaging lens, however, achieving good optical characteristics becomes a challenging problem.
The length of conventional optical imaging lenses comprising four lens elements can be limited in a certain range; however, as the more and more demands in the market for high-end products, high-standard optical imaging lenses which show great quality with more pixels are required.
U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007236811 disclosed an optical imaging lens constructed with an optical imaging lens having five lens elements. The distortion aberration of the optical imaging lens is not good, and this affects the imaging quality provided by the optical imaging lens. Moreover, the length of the optical imaging lens, which from the object-side surface of the first lens element to the image plane, is about 12 mm. These optical imaging lenses are too long for smaller sized mobile devices.
U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007229984 also disclosed an optical imaging lens constructed with an optical imaging lens having five lens elements. Although the imaging quality of the optical imaging lens in this patent document is improved a little bit and the length of which is shortened to about 8.0 mm, the optical imaging lens is still too long for smaller sized mobile devices.
Therefore, there is needed to develop optical imaging lens which is capable to place with five lens elements therein, with a shorter length, while also having good optical characteristics.

Mobile device and optical imaging lens thereof


The invention provides new uses and products for treatment of sexual dysfunction and male infertility. The products include bioactive components of extracts from roots of the plant Eurycoma longifolia mixed in preparations for topical application and administation.

Components of Eurycoma longifolia, also known in Malaysia as Tongkat Ali, have been used in traditional and folk medicine. Extracts of the plant are generally believed to be useful in the treatment of multiple disorders and syndromes such as: malaria, cancer, anxiety, ulcers, and male infertility and sexual dysfunction. In the past, much of the information on the medicinal value of the plant has been anecdotal. Well-controlled, repeatable extractions and bioactivity assays may clarify the function of components. For example, studies are underway to examine extracts of Eurycoma longifolia that have been shown to have cytotoxic effects. These extracts, which include quassinoids, encompass compounds such as eurycomalactone, eurycomanol, and eurycomanone, which have been examined for cytotoxic properties and potential use as anti-cancer, anti-malarial, and anti-ulcer agents.
Chromatographic processes for producing quassinoid extracts from Eurycoma longifolia were disclosed in Chan, et. al. (1998). This reference reports the potential usefulness of such quassinoid extracts in the treatment of cancer, ulcers, malaria, and fever.
In contrast to quassinoids, whose effects have been examined following stringent purification strategies, components of Eurycoma longifolia with possible aphrodisiac activity and potential as treatments for male infertility and sexual dysfunction have not been isolated. Crude butanol, methanol, water, and chloroform extracted-fractions of Eurycoma longifolia have been examined for behavioral effects in mammals. Mixtures of compounds separated with these basic methods have been administered to male mice and rats to assess effects on the animals sexual behaviors and performance.
Examination of the sexual effects of Eurycoma longifolia have focussed on the influence of the crude extracts on orientation activities of sexually experienced and naive male rats toward receptive females. Activities monitored in the treated rats include mounting, licking, and anogenital sniffing; and behaviors of the treated rats in relation to their environment were also assessed including analysis of activities such as movement, exploration, rearing, and climbing. In addition, rats were assessed for levels of genital and non-genital grooming. Analysis of these types of behavioral elements has served as the assay for investigating the anecdotal aphrodisiac properties of Eurycoma longifolia and administration of the crude extracts has been correlated with increased sexual performance of treated animals. Although use of behavioral assays indicate an effect on sexual physiology from crude Eurycoma longifolia extracts, the research has not utilized purification strategies yielding isolated components; therefore, the art has not identified the physical properties of the Eurycoma longifolia candidate aphrodisiac compounds or been able to assess the effects of compounds isolated from Eurycoma longifolia on infertility or sexual dysfunction at the cellular level.


An algorithm and method to provide personal recommendations for nutrition based on preferences, habits, medical and activity profiles for users, and constraints. The algorithm can also be fed and takes into account real-time feedback from the user. The method allows creating a personal nutritional schedule based on a set of constraints, which are solved using an optimization algorithm to find the diet best fitting each user. The method also includes analyzing a single user by applying various statistical techniques, enabling the algorithm to infer the user's preferences and updating of the constraints, analyzing and clustering of the general user population based on statistical principles, giving the algorithm insightful information and allowing improved performance by means of “machine-learning,” and creating a list of recommended food items/recipes to help users live a balanced, healthier lifestyle.

There is currently no system known to the present inventors that produces nutritional recommendations based on personal needs either in academia or in the industry.
Diet Planning:
Today, diet planning is done in various ways. It may typically be classified in one of two categories: diets that are done and/or recommended by professional nutritionists, physicians or health experts and other "Crash Diet." The latter are diets that are performed by individuals who are seeking immediate results and often involve consumption of special foods, typically in the form of shakes; medicine, in the form of pills, or even extreme rapid changes in food consumption that deviate from the general guidelines given to the public by the authorities and can lead to malnutrition.
Statistically, most diets fail due to the enormous change in lifestyle they require from the dieter in a short time-scale. Indeed, most people don't have the willpower to completely change the habits they acquired over many years of eating in a certain way.
Nutritionists have their Drawbacks:
1. Human experts cannot continuously follow the person they are serving: their actual food consumption (if they divert from the proposed diet), physical activity and habits. Additionally, unless a nutritionist is meeting with his/her client on a daily basis, it is extremely difficult for a nutritionist to continuously change the proposed diet based on the user's reaction to it.
2. A human nutritionist works with a very basic set of rules, and does not take into account all the different factors. Indeed, the human body is a very complex system. This forces them to make simplifying assumptions to provide food recommendations, e.g. assuming that absorption of nutrients is linear, namely that a consumption of one nutrient does not affect the consumption of another. Nevertheless, this is known to be false in certain limits. For example, exaggerated consumption of animal protein requires affects the absorption of calcium in the body.
3. Most importantly, the output from a typical nutritionist session is a basic daily/weekly calendar with the food items the client should consume each day. This will definitely hinder the client's ability to follow the nutritional plan they receive from the nutritionist as the dieter won't always know what kind of changes he/she may make on-the-go.
4. A nutritionist is by definition a human participant, which is both expensive and error prone.
5. Many nutritionists have different training, which may lead to contradictory advice. For instance, one nutritionist may believe in a "low carbs" (Atkins) diet, while another may stick to a more conservative one.
6. Many people switch nutritionists over time, thus losing the consistency of their diet and making further failure in dieting even more probable.
Thus, it would be advantageous to provide more automated and timely nutritional assistance. Such assistance should complaint with health consideration and fully personal, while allowing changes in real-time based on the user's feedback.

Systems and methods for generating personalized nutritional recommendations


A semiconductor device includes a first source layer; at least one of a second source layer, the second source layer formed substantially in the first source layer; a plurality of conductive layers stacked substantially over the first source layer; channel layers that pass through the plurality of conductive layers and couple to the second source layer; and at least one of a third source layer, the third source layer formed substantially in the second source layer, wherein the third source layer passes through the second source layer and is coupled to the first source layer.

1. Technical Field
Various embodiments relate generally to a semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same, and to a three-dimensional semiconductor device having a source layer and a method of manufacturing the same.
2. Related Art
A non-volatile memory device can retain data stored therein even in the absence of a power supply. As the degree of integration in creating two-dimensional memory devices that have memory cells fabricated in the form of a single layer on silicon substrates reaches a limit, suggestions of three-dimensional structured non-volatile memory devices that have memory cells vertically stacked on silicon substrates are proposed.
The structure of a known three-dimensional (3-D) non-volatile memory device is described below with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B.
FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the structure of a conventional 3-D non-volatile memory device. FIG. 1B is a circuit diagram of a single string.
As illustrated in FIG. 1A, the conventional 3-D non-volatile memory device has a plurality of U-shaped channel layers CH each of which comprises a pipe channel layer P_CH formed in a pipe gate PG and first and second vertical channel layers V_CH coupled to the pipe channel layer P_CH. In addition, the conventional 3-D non-volatile memory device may further include word lines WL stacked one upon another and surrounding the first and second vertical channel layers V_CH, source select lines SSL and drain select lines DSL stacked over the word lines WL, a source line SL and bit lines BL.
As illustrated in FIG. 1B, a drain select transistor DST, memory cells MC, a pipe transistor P_Tr and a source select transistor SST form a single string. The string has a U shape. In the related art, since the string has a U shape, the pipe transistor P_Tr is essentially provided to couple source side memory cells MC stacked along the first vertical channel layers V_CH and drain side memory cells MC stacked along the second vertical channel layers V_CH to each other.
However, in addition to the processes of forming memory cells, another process of forming pipe transistors is also needed, thus increasing the number of processes. In addition, it may be difficult to control threshold voltages of these pipe transistors.
FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the structure of a conventional 3-D non-volatile memory device. FIG. 2B is a circuit diagram of a single string.
As illustrated in FIG. 2A, the conventional 3-D non-volatile memory device includes a lower select line LSL, word lines WL, and upper select lines USL that are stacked sequentially over a substrate SUB that includes a source region S. In addition, the conventional 3-D non-volatile memory device may further include vertical channel layers CH, memory layers (not illustrated) and bit lines BL. The vertical channel layers CH may pass through the lower select line LSL, the word lines WL, and the upper select lines USL. The memory layers may surround sidewalls of the vertical channel layers CH. The bit lines BL may be coupled to top surfaces of the vertical channel layers CH.
As illustrated in FIG. 2B, the lower select transistor LST, the memory cells MC, and the upper select transistor UST form a single string. The string may extend vertically.
However, as far as conventional 3-D non-volatile memory devices are concerned, it is not easy to perform the processes associated with the manufacturing of memory layers and vertical channel layers. Specifically, as for a known memory device, after channel holes are formed such that they pass through interlayer insulating layers and conductive layers stacked alternately, a memory layer is formed along inner surfaces of the channel holes. Subsequently, the memory layer formed on the bottom surfaces of the channel holes may be removed to expose the source region S, and the vertical channel layers CH are formed. However, it is difficult to perform the process of etching the memory layer on the bottom surfaces of the channel holes with high aspect ratios. In addition, damage to the memory layer formed along inner walls of the channel holes may occur during the etch process, thus deteriorating characteristics of the memory cells.

Three-dimensional semiconductor memory device


A support constructed to support a patterning object, the patterning object being capable of imparting the radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section to form a patterned radiation beam, is disclosed, wherein the support comprises a plurality of structures having a plurality of local contact areas, respectively, on which the patterning object is disposed, in use, and a clamp configured to clamp the patterning object to the plurality of contact areas, wherein each structure is configured so that a local shear stiffness of each local contact area is substantially balanced with a local friction limit at each local contact area, respectively.

A lithographic apparatus is a machine that applies a desired pattern onto a substrate, usually onto a target portion of the substrate. A lithographic apparatus can be used, for example, in the manufacture of integrated circuits (ICs). In that instance, a patterning object, which is alternatively referred to as a mask reticle, may be used to generate a circuit pattern to be formed on an individual layer of the IC. This pattern can be transferred onto a target portion (e.g. comprising part of, one, or several dies) on a substrate (e.g. a silicon wafer). Transfer of the pattern is typically via imaging onto a layer of radiation-sensitive material (resist) provided on the substrate. In general, a single substrate will contain a network of adjacent target portions that are successively patterned. Known lithographic apparatus include so-called steppers, in which each target portion is irradiated by exposing an entire pattern onto the target portion at one time, and so-called scanners, in which each target portion is irradiated by scanning the pattern through a radiation beam in a given direction (the "scanning"-direction) while synchronously scanning the substrate parallel or anti-parallel to this direction. It is also possible to transfer the pattern from the patterning object to the substrate by imprinting the pattern onto the substrate.
A conventional lithographic apparatus, typically comprises a support structure (e.g., a mask table) that is provided and constructed to support the patterning object. Conventionally, the patterning object (e.g., a mask) is clamped by vacuum to the support structure.
In a conventional mask clamp configuration, for example, the mask is preloaded by vacuum to contact areas of a vacuum clamp of the mask table. The contact areas comprise an outer edge, an inner edge and a collection of burls. Each contact area defines a local contact area. At each local contact area, a part of the inertial force to the mask is countered by friction. The amount of friction to be countered for each local contact area is limited. The frictional limit depends on various parameters, such as normal force, contamination level, humidity, material combination, surface roughness, etc. Using a spring-mass model in the scan direction of the vacuum clamp, each local contact area may experience a different stiffness to the mask table. Further, the pre-load, or normal force, may also be different for each local contact area. As a result, at certain mask table acceleration levels, an overlay error may be introduced. Because of increased inertia-forces to the mask, the mask may show a non-reproducible (i.e. incorrectible) micro-slip behavior (hysteresis) resulting in an overlay error. The hysteresis is caused by local slip of the mask at the contact areas. For example, at a certain acceleration level of the mask table, the mask slips at the outer edge while it sticks to the burls and the inner edge. This results in a displacement of the mask when the acceleration phase of the mask table is over and illumination starts.

Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method