A programmable non-overlap clock generator is disclosed. This clock generator includes a primary clock signal input terminal for providing a primary clock signal, and a selection signal input terminal for providing at least one selection signal. The present invention also includes a first logic gate, whose first input terminal is coupled to receive an inverted signal of the primary clock signal. Further, the first input terminal of a second logic gate is coupled to receive the primary clock signal. A first programmable delay means, connected between an output of the first logic gate and the second input terminal of the second logic gate, is used to delay an output signal from the first logic gate a predetermined amount of time according to the selection signal. Moreover, a second programmable delay means, connected between an output of the second logic gate and the second input terminal of the first logic gate, is used to delay an output signal from the second logic gate a predetermined amount of time according to the selection signal. The programmable non-overlap clock generator therefore generates a first clock signal from the output of the first logic gate, and generates a second clock signal from the output of the second logic gate, wherein the first clock signal and the second clock signal are not logically active at the same time.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a clock generator, and more particularly, to a programmable non-overlap clock generator that generates clock signals not logically active at the same time.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A shift register circuit is conventionally used to shift data through serially connected registers or latches. FIG. 1A shows a schematic diagram illustrating a typical shift register circuit 10 consisting of two serially connected registers DL1 and DL2, and FIG. 1B shows timing diagrams of the critical signals of FIG. 1A. A data input signal data2 is shifted from an input terminal Din of the first latch DL1 to an intermediate terminal Dint of the second latch DL2 at time t1 when a first clock signal phi1 is active (e.g., having a logic high level). The shifted data signal data2 is subsequently shifted from the intermediate terminal Dint to an output terminal Dout of the second latch DL2 at time t2 when a second clock signal phi2 is active (e.g., having a logic high level).
However, there are some parasitic capacitors and parasitic resistors caused by the material of the wiring in the shift register circuit 10, especially in shift register circuits implemented in an integrated circuit chip. FIG. 2A shows a schematic diagram illustrating a shift register circuit 20 with a parasitic capacitor C1 and a parasitic resistor R1 modeling the wire loading on the clock signal phi2. In this figure, the pertinent signals and components that are not changed in appearance from the arrangement of FIG. 1A are labeled with the same reference numerals. FIG. 2B shows timing diagrams of critical signals of FIG. 2A.
Referring to FIG. 2A, the clock signal phi2 is thus delayed due to the wire loading thereon, thereby generating a delayed clock signal phi2D inputting to the clock input terminal of the second latch DL2.
Referring now to FIG. 2B, the data input signal data2 is shifted from the input terminal Din of the first latch DL1 to the intermediate terminal Dint of the second latch DL2 at time t1 when the first clock signal phi1 is active (e.g., having a logic high level). At the same time, the delay clock signal phi2D remains active at its logic high level, therefore also shifting the data signal data2 to the output terminal Dout of the second latch DL2. Consequently, a preceding data signal datal, which is presumed to be at the output terminal Dout of the second latch DL2, is no longer there, and an unwanted data (i.e., the data signal data2 in this case) is thus retrieved. This situation is typically referred to as a race condition.
In order to overcome the aforementioned race condition, a non-overlap clock generator is disclosed to provide non-overlap clock signals. FIG. 3A schematically shows a diagram illustrating the non-overlap clock generator 30, whose output signals, i.e., the first clock signal phi1 and the second clock signal phi2, are shown in FIG. 3B. Owing to the guard band 31 between the non-overlap clock signals phi1 and phi2, it is thus guaranteed that the delayed clock signal phi2D does not overlap the first clock signal phi1, thereby preventing the race condition. Specifically, the data signal data2 is shifted from the input terminal Din of the first latch DL1 to the intermediate terminal Dint of the second latch DL2 at time t1. The output terminal Dout of the second latch DL2 has the data signal datal until the delayed clock signal phi2D becomes active at time t2.
This non-overlap clock generator 30 primarily includes two standard NAND gates 301 and 302, and two delay components 303 and 304, cross-coupled as shown in FIG. 3A. FIG. 3C shows timing diagrams of some pertinent signals of FIG. 3A. The non-overlap space d in the non-overlap clock generator 30 is determined by both the delay time d1 of the delay component 304, and the delay time d2 of the NAND gate 302. Similarly, another non-overlap space 32 is determined by both the delay time of the delay component 303, and the delay time of the NAND gate 301. Since the delay time d2 is typically fixed by the intrinsic delayed and the loading of the NAND gate 301 or 302, therefore a suitable non-overlap space d is generally attained by adjusting the delay time d1 of the delay component 303 or 304. The selection of the delay time d1 is crucial for the following reasons. If it is too small, the race condition will occur and cause circuit malfunction. On the other hand, if a large non-overlap is chosen to guarantee that no race condition occurs, the performance of the chip will be unfortunately degraded due to the fact that the active states of the signals phi1 and phi2 are decreased. If the non-overlap space is increased without scarifying the active region of the clock signals phi1 and phi2, then the total period of the clock signals phi1 and phi2 should be increased, thereby slowing down the clock signals phi1, phi2, and degrading their performance. Moreover, because the delay time d1 determined by the two delay components 303 and 304 of the non-overlap clock generator 30 in FIG. 3A has a fixed value, therefore the non-overlap space can not be changed after the chip is fabricated. Another non-overlap clock generator 30 with different non-overlap space should be redesigned and fabricated when a different application is required, thereby wasting time and money.

Programmable non-overlap clock generator

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd.


A hydraulic breaking hammer having a machine housing including a cylinder bore and an impact piston which is reciprocatingly movable in the cylinder bore in response to an alternating hydraulic pressure, and a tool part having: (i) a head portion fitted to a front portion of the machine housing, and (ii) a guide bore which lies in line with the cylinder bore and in which a breaking tool is slidably carried and repeatedly subjected to impact by the impact piston. A seal is arranged at the front portion of the machine housing between the cylinder bore and the impact piston for separating drive hydraulics of the breaking hammer from the tool part, and a transverse slot is formed in the front portion of the machine housing between mutually opposing side wall portions of the machine housing so as to intersect the cylinder bore forwardly of the seal. A plurality of lateral bores extend through the side wall portions of the machine housing and the head portion of the tool part, respectively, on both sides of the guide bore of the tool part, and a plurality of retainers are provided for locking the tool part to the machine housing when the retainers are inserted in respective ones of the lateral bores.

The present invention relates to hydraulic breaking hammers of the kind that comprise a machine housing which includes a cylinder bore and a reciprocatingly movable impact piston which moves backwards and forwards in said cylinder bore in response to alternating hydraulic pressure, a tool part which is fitted to the front of the machine housing and which has a guide bore which lies in line with the cylinder bore and in which a breaking tool is slidably carried and repeatedly subjected to impact by the impact piston as it moves, support means for aligning the breaking hammer mechanically in operation, and sealing means arranged in the front of the machine housing between the cylinder bore and the impact piston and functioning to separate the drive hydraulics of the breaking hammer from the tool part.
Breaking hammers of this kind are normally mounted on hydraulically operated carriers of different sizes, wherein the carrier hydraulics are also coupled to drive the breaking hammer, and wherein the breaking hammer is pivotally mounted on the outer end of a boom via the supports on said housing so as to be positioned mechanically by said boom in operation.
The machine housing of the breaking hammer is typically comprised of separate cylinder parts which embrace the impact piston, the seals and the valve system, and which are grouped axially in juxtaposed relationship and held tightly together by robust side bolts, so as to ensure that a seal is obtained between the cylinder parts against the high internal hydraulic working pressures. Side bolts and other screw fastener means, however, have certain drawbacks. The screw threads are shaken loose. In the case of side bolts, the wear and the corrosion that occurs in operation, together with micro-movements in the joints as a result of impacts and vibrations generated in the breaking hammer, cause the joints of the cylinder parts and their seals to be attacked by penetrating pressure oil and leakages and ultimately result in conditions which are hazardous both to the surroundings and to people in the vicinity of the work being carried out. Side bolts can also fracture, with serious consequences. In recent times, this insight into the hazards of side bolts has led to an endeavour to exclude side bolts from breaking hammer constructions. An example of one such endeavour is disclosed in International Publication WO 93/22106, PCT/SE93/00382.
Lightweight automotive carriers and short breaking hammers have been used in the demolition of derelict buildings, so as to be able to enter confined spaces more easily and to work therein more effectively. The hydraulic part of the machine housing forms the rear part of the breaking hammer and can therewith readily be made short and sufficiently robust to provide a long useful life, in the absence of side bolts. However, indoor demolition work results in an increase in laterally acting impacts, blows and breaking action, particularly against the breaking tool and against the tool part at the front of the housing, such that after being in operation for some length of time, the entire machine housing may be judged to be ineffective due to damage to the tool part. This is highly disadvantageous from the cost aspect, in view of the fact that the hydraulic part of the tool is expensive to produce and cannot be considered as being a spare part.


A vertical type of thermal processing apparatus of the present invention includes a thermal processing furnace having a furnace opening at a lower portion thereof. A boat holding objects to be processed in a tier-like manner in a vertical direction is adapted to be contained in the thermal processing furnace through the furnace opening. A lid supporting the boat is capable of closing the furnace opening. A transferring chamber is connected to the furnace opening. An elevating mechanism provided in the transferring chamber is configured to move up and down the lid in order to load and unload the boat into and out from the thermal processing furnace. A connecting port provided at a wall of the transferring chamber is capable of being connected to an opening of a conveying container for containing the objects to be processed. A first containing portion provided in the transferring chamber is capable of temporarily containing unprocessed objects to be processed for a next thermal process. A second containing portion provided in the transferring chamber is capable of temporarily containing processed objects to be processed conveyed out from the thermal processing furnace. A transferring mechanism transfers objects to be processed between the conveying container, the first containing portion, the second containing portion and the boat.

In manufacturing semiconductor devices, a vertical type of thermal processing apparatus is used, which is capable of thermally processing a large number of objects to be processed, such as semiconductor wafers (product wafers), at a time (large-amount batch process). For example, as shown in JP Laid-Open Publication No. 2000-150400 and JP Publication No. 2681055, a vertical type of thermal processing apparatus comprises a thermal processing furnace having a furnace opening at a lower portion thereof. A boat holding a large number of wafers (objects to be processed) in a tier-like manner in a vertical direction is contained inside the thermal processing furnace through the furnace opening. A lid supporting the boat can close the furnace opening. The furnace opening is connected to a transfer chamber. In the transfer chamber, an elevating mechanism is provided to move up and down the lid in order to load and unload the boat into and out from the thermal processing furnace. In the transfer chamber, provided are a boat placing portion on which two boats can be placed, a boat changing mechanism (boat changer) that can change boats between the boat placing portion and the lid, and a transferring mechanism that can transfer wafers between a conveying container (cassette, carrier, FOUP or the like) that can contain a plurality of wafers and a boat placed on the boat placing portion.
According to the above vertical type of thermal processing apparatus, the two boats can be used. Thus, while one boat is placed on the lid that can open and close the furnace opening of the thermal processing furnace, the boat is loaded into the thermal processing furnace, and wafers held on the boat are thermally processed, wafers can be transferred with respect to the other boat placed on the boat placing portion. Thus, throughput can be improved.
However, the boat changing mechanism is necessary in the above vertical type of thermal processing apparatus. Thus, the apparatus has to be large and hence cost thereof has to be large. In addition, if an earthquake occurs in changing the boats, the boats may be swung and fallen down, so that the wafers and the boats may be broken. Furthermore, when the two boats are used, depending on minute difference between boats' shapes and difference between boats' operating situations, film-forming property to the wafers may be not uniform. In addition, in this case, it is difficult to manage total thickness of films on the boats.
In addition, if a small-amount batch process is conducted wherein the number of product wafers is small and the number of dummy wafers (Fill Dummy) is large, it is necessary to store (stock) a conveying container for the dummy wafers in the transferring chamber. Thus, a space and a facility for the conveying container are necessary, which enlarges the apparatus and increases cost of the apparatus.

Vertical type of thermal processing apparatus and method of using the same


One embodiment is a method including providing an exhaust aftertreatment system including an adsorber, commanding rich operation wherein the adsorber is provided with increased reductant, and ending rich operation upon the first of a commanded rich operation threshold being met or a confirmed rich operation threshold being met. Other embodiments include additional methods, software, apparatuses and systems. Further embodiments, forms, objects, features, advantages, aspects, and benefits shall become apparent from the following description and drawings.

Internal combustion engines including diesel engines produce a number of combustion products including particulates, hydrocarbons ("HC"), carbon monoxide ("CO"), oxides of nitrogen ("NOx"), oxides of sulfur ("SOx"), and others. Diesel engines may be required to reduce or eliminate emission of these and other products of combustion, for example, by using one or more adsorbers to store SOx and/or NOx. When an adsorber reaches a certain storage capacity it can be regenerated. The regeneration of adsorbers to eliminate stored sulfurous or sulfur-containing compounds is termed deSOx. The regeneration of adsorbers to eliminate stored nitrogenous or nitrogen-containing compounds NOx is termed deNOx. DeNOx and deSOx may require control of a variety of different operating conditions.

Dynamic rich time capability for aftertreatment systems


A graphical user interface (GUI) is disclosed that allows user to quickly find and select (assign) specific items from a large data source that is housed in the cloud. The GUI includes a first and second grid that display unassigned and assigned items, respectively. Each of the first and second grids allows the user to filter each grid by typing in the search criteria and forwarding the criteria to the server. Items in each of the first and second grids may be moved between the two grids to quickly change the assigned state of moved items.

The present invention relates to computing devices. More specifically, the present invention relates to retrieving content for use by a computing device.
There are currently many ways to select multiple items that are contained in large data stores that cannot all be brought down to the client at once. An example is gmail's implementation in its web-based email client. In this instance, the main interface is simply a grid with checkboxes next to each item. Each checkbox must be clicked to be selected then the next page button must be pressed to make a call to the server to get the next pages worth of data. Once you navigate to the next page there is no visual representation of what has been selected on previous pages. Gmail is operated in this manner because of the potential for a large amount of data to have to be accessed each time a user wants to view information.
Timing out of the web service call timing out is a problem with big data. A web service call that requires the return of all data or the searching of all data on the server may result in the request timing out without returning all of the data requested. The web service, in this example, cannot physically handle the amount of data to display to the end user.
Therefore, there exists a need for an improved method and system for allowing user to access specific items from a large data source that is stored in the cloud. This and other needs are addressed by one or more aspects of the present invention.


A fragment program may configure a fragment shader to compute a destination position for a fragment, where the destination position is independent of a position computed for the fragment during rasterization of a primitive. The destination position may be computed based on fragment parameters such as color, depth, and transparency. A raster operation unit writes processed fragment data to the destination position. Furthermore, the fragment program may configure the fragment shader to compute a per-fragment stencil operation for use by the raster operation unit during stencil buffering.

Current graphics data processing is exemplified by systems and methods developed to perform a specific operation on several graphics data elements, e.g., linear interpolation, tessellation, texture mapping, depth testing. Computation units are connected in a "shading pipeline" to perform shading operations and produce shaded fragment. In a conventional shading pipeline a position within an image that is represented as a pair of coordinates, e.g., (x,y), is specified for each fragment formed by the intersection of a pixel and a primitive. Each shaded fragment is stored in a frame buffer at the location specified by the position.
FIG. 1A is a prior art Output Buffer 130 including a Pixel 135 within a Primitive 125. Primitive 125 is defined by vertices, a Vertex 141, a Vertex 142, and a Vertex 143. A position, specified as a pair of (x,y) coordinates, is computed for a fragment within Pixel 135 during rasterization of Primitive 125. The fragment is shaded by the shading pipeline and the shaded fragment is stored in Output Buffer 130 at a location corresponding to the position. In order to control what is stored in Output Buffer 130 for a specific position to perform image-based warping or reprojection, Primitive 125 is tessellated to generate a very dense mesh such that each vertex in the mesh maps to a pixel in Output Buffer 130.
FIG. 1B is a prior art highly tessellated Primitive 125 where each pixel, such as Pixel 135, includes a vertex, such as a Vertex 145. Each vertex (and pixel) may be controlled using a vertex program, for example to control the position corresponding to a shaded fragment within the pixel to perform image-based warping or reprojection. Rather than tessellating a primitive, such as Primitive 125, to control the position corresponding to a shaded fragment within the primitive, it is desirable to control the position of a fragment without tessellating the primitive.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Per-fragment control for writing an output buffer


A Statistics Module (STS) is disclosed for collecting essential statistics about an image content for the purpose of applying various image enhancement operations such as page background removal and automatic neutral detection to determine if the page is gray or colored. The Statistics Module uses the blurred signal BLR from a De-Screen Module in order to eliminate some of the scanner noise. The output is a special 3D color histogram array.

Documents scanned at high resolutions require very large amounts of storage space. Furthermore, large volume of image data requires substantially more time and bandwidth to move around, or over networks. Instead of being stored in raw scanned RGB format, the data is typically subjected to some form of data compression in order to reduce its volume, and thereby avoid the high costs of storage it. "Lossless" compression methods such as Lempel-Ziv (LZ) do not perform particularly well on scanned (noisy) pixel data. While "lossy" methods such as JPEG work fairly well on continuous-tone pixel maps, they do not work particularly well on the parts of the page containing text and line art. To optimize image data compression, techniques, which can recognize the type of data being compressed, are needed.
One approach to satisfy the compression needs of differing types of data has been to use an encoder pipeline utilizing a Mixed Raster Content (MRC) format to describe the image. The image—a composite image having text intermingled with color or gray scale information—is segmented into two or more planes, generally referred to as the upper and lower plane, and a selector plane is generated to indicate, for each pixel, which of the image planes contains the actual image data that should be used to reconstruct the final output image. Segmenting the planes in this manner can improve the compression of the image because the data can be arranged such that the planes are smoother and more compressible than the original image. Segmentation also allows different compression methods to be applied to the different planes. Thus, the most compression technique for the type of the data in each plane can be applied.
A Statistics (Stats) Module responsible for collecting essential statistics about the image content is desirable. It would monitor the incoming pixel data stream and accumulate the distribution of pixel values and their color information. The Stats Module would operate in a luminance-chrominance color space domain, such as Lab or YCC. For this reason, it would be desirable to locate the Stats Module after a Scanner Color Conversion unit, which transforms the scanner data from RGB into the Lab color space.

Page background detection and neutrality on scanned documents


The present invention comprises an effective insulation and ventilating assembly that can insulate a structure, usually in roofing or exterior wall applications, from conductive, convective and radiant heat. The insulating and venting assembly is comprised of a rigid foam sheet and a rigid panel such as oriented strand board (OSB) or plywood attached one or both sides of the rigid foam sheet. The rigid foam sheet has air spacer columns and air spaces on one or both faces. Radiant barrier layers can be applied to either faces of the rigid panels and/or can be applied to the air spacer and air space surfaces allowing for radiant heat to be radiating back or radiant heat to not be reradiated by the radiant barrier low emissivity surface. The air spaces in the rigid foam face allows air and moisture to be vented though the insulating and venting assembly.

Roofs and walls of a building or structure must deal with various environmental and interior building factors such as heat and cold insulation, proper venting and moisture control. The design of the roof and wall systems needs to be structurally sound while providing for a habitable temperature living space. Structural Insulating Panels or SIPS and nail base panels have been used in building's roof and wall construction for many years. Customarily SIPS are constructed by having rigid foam insulation board sandwiched between plywood and oriented strand board (OSB) panels. Nail base panels are usually constructed with plywood or OSB adhered to just one side of rigid foam. Traditional SIPS are used in new building construction and nail base panels used in retrofit or remodeling structures. The rigid foam give heat and cold insulation while the plywood or OSB provides a surface for siding, roofing or other materials to be applied.
Foam insulation board is usually made up of extruded or pressed sheets made of expanded polystyrene (EPS), extended polystyrene (XPS), and polyisocyanurate (polyiso). Rigid foam board insulation provide high R-value with minimum thickness; low weight allows for easier installation and shipping cost; energy required to produce polystyrene foam insulation is 24 percent less than the energy required to make the equivalent R-value of fiberglass insulation (green product); high resistance to mold.
There are three sources of heat that affect the ability of a building structure's insulation to control heat transfer. The "insulation" or heat and cold control of the temperature controlled space may be broadened to include dealing with moisture.
Convective heat transfer is the movement of air either naturally as in where hot air rises displacing the cold air (moves the cold air down), or the mechanical convection when air is physically moved such as by a fan. Convective heat movement accounts for about 15 to 20% of heat loss/transfer (air leakage) through exterior walls.
Conductive heat is the transfer of heat energy from one object by touch to another object. Thermal bridging of solid studs in a wall is an example of conductive heat loss bridging between external face covering to interior wall covering.
Radiant heat is the absorption of radiant energy emitted by a heated object. Approximately 60 to 75% of total heat transfer in a residence or building occurs through radiation, can be as much as 90% heat gain in the attic/ceiling in the summer time.
Improper venting and moisture control can impact the ability of the wall or roof system to control heat (insulation saturation with moisture and collapse) and to maintain the structural integrity of the building (rot, decay, or insects). Moisture control and drainage in the exterior wall is critical in certain applications such as brick and stucco where there may be through face leakage.
Radiant reflective material, usually an aluminized or aluminum foil material, has been more significantly applied to many building construction material surfaces such as roof and wall sheathing, fibrous blanket and foam insulation board. The radiant reflective surface can be effective in reflecting a significant amount of radiant heat if the reflective surface faces the source of the radiant heat and there is an approximately a ¾ inch air space between the reflective surface and another surface. Conversely, if the radiant reflective surface, or sometimes called a radiant barrier, faces away from the radiated heat and there is at least a ¾ inch air space between the radiant barriers reflective surface and another object, the radiant heat will not be radiated beyond the reflective surface, the radiant barrier has a low emissivity.
But most of the radiant reflective insulation on the market today does not address one of the major requirements for an effective radiant barrier. One of the problems or inefficiencies of many of the radiant barrier applications is that when reflective surfaces of the foil engage another surface, such as the fiberglass of an adjacent insulation blanket or the adjacent gypsum foam board or other wall structure, such as siding, the radiant barrier surface loses a considerable amount, if not all, of the radiant barriers ability reflect back or not radiate radiant heat (effective low emissivity).
Another problem with the use a radiant barrier surface on combination with other insulation materials is that the surface should become dirty from an accumulation of dust, trash, fibers, vapors, etc., the reflective sheet loses its ability to reflect back or not emit radiant heat. There needs to be a protective covering spaced apart from the radiant barrier reflective surface.


A structure which enables highly accurate detection of the temperature of the stator windings of a dynamo-electric machine. A terminal base (12) integrated with a stator by resin molding is provided with: positioning sections (13, 14, 15) for three-phase stator windings (100, 101, 102); and a positioning section (16) for a thermistor (17). The positioning section (16) is disposed between the positioning sections (14, 15). The thermistor (17) is insert molded on the terminal base (12).

An electric rotating machine that may be used as an electric motor or generator is constituted with a stator and a rotor rotatably disposed on the inside of the stator. When electric current is made to flow through stator windings provided on the stator, heat is generated, which may result in increasing the temperature of the stator and possibly damaging stator parts. For this reason, it is necessary to detect the temperature of the stator at high accuracy. Therefore, techniques of providing a temperature detecting element on the stator and detecting the stator temperature have been conventionally known.
For the purpose of providing a stator of an electric rotating machine in which a temperature of stator windings is detected with quick response and high accuracy, below-listed Patent Document 1 discloses providing a metallic heat transfer part at a neutral point terminal electrically connecting the neutral points of the respective phases of the stator windings, the heat transfer part covering a temperature detecting element.
A configuration according to this conventional art is shown in FIG. 7 at (A) and (B). A terminal base is formed of an insulating resin material, and is disposed on segment conductors 22 at one axial end portion side of the stator. The terminal base is insert molded and integrated with three-phase input terminals and neutral point terminals 50, 54. The neutral point terminal 50 is formed extending along the circumferential direction of the stator core, and includes, at its two end portions in the lengthwise direction, stubs 51 protruding from the terminal base. Between the stubs 51 of the neutral point terminal 50, a cylindrical heat transfer part 52 is provided protruding in the same direction as the stubs 51, while being formed horizontally so that the axis of the cylindrical shape is aligned along the lengthwise direction of the neutral point terminal 50. The first stub 51 of the neutral point terminal 50 is electrically connected, at a neutral point connection part 56, to a lead wire 26 of a winding for one phase among the three-phase stator windings 20. Meanwhile, the other stub 51 of the neutral point terminal 50 and the first stub 55 of the neutral point terminal 54 are electrically connected, at a neutral point connection part 57, to a lead wire 27 of a winding for another phase among the three-phase stator windings 20. Further, the other stub 55 of the neutral point terminal 54 is electrically connected to a lead wire of a winding for the remaining one phase among the three-phase stator windings 20. The neutral point terminals 50 and 54 are electrically connected to each other via a lead wire.
A thermistor 60 serving as a temperature detecting element is inserted into the heat transfer part 52 of the neutral point terminal 50, and is also fitted into a groove 32 in the terminal base. The sensor part 62 of the thermistor 60 is mounted at a position covered by the heat transfer part 52. Further, the thermistor 60 is disposed so that its portion on one side in the lengthwise direction is inserted into the heat transfer part 52, while its portion on the other side in the lengthwise direction is held down by a hook 34 extending from the terminal base and formed in a shape of a claw to cover over the groove 32. In the heat transfer part 52, a slit 53 extending along the lengthwise direction is formed on the side where the stubs 51 are located, which is the inner side in the radial direction of the stator core. The thermistor 60, which is inserted into the heat transfer part 52 and fitted into the groove 32, is covered with an insulating resin material 36 obtained by melting an insulating powder


A cross bar for powder coating and electronic coating, and methods for forming the same. A connector extends between a front portion and a rear portion. Embosses are located in the front and rear portions to connect with each other. Drain holes are provided at spaced intervals along the front and rear portions, offset from one another.

Two coating processes that can be used to apply paint or another substance to a metal part are powder coating and e-coating. Powder coating involves generating an electrically charged cloud of plastic particulate (powder). A cross bar is provided from which one or more parts to be coated are hung. An opposite electrical charge is provided to and passed through the cross bar and the part(s) hung therefrom. The cross bar and associated parts are passed through the powder, and due to the opposite electrical forces, the powder adheres to the part(s). The part(s) are then typically delivered to an oven where they undergo a baking process to solidify the powder coat. Because the cross bar and its hangers are also electrically charged, powder may also adhere to the cross bar and the hangers.
E-coating is a process where liquid is used, instead of a powder, to coat the metal part(s). A tank or other vat of electrically charged liquid is provided. A cross bar is also provided from which one or more parts to be coated are hung. An opposite electrical charge is provided to and passed through the cross bar and the part(s) hung therefrom. The cross bar and associated parts are passed through the liquid, typically by dipping the part(s) into the tank or vat. Due to the opposite electrical forces, the liquid adheres to the part(s). The part(s) are then typically delivered to an oven where they undergo a baking process to solidify the coating. The results of e-coating or powder coating are generally better than the alternative approach of wet spraying. In order to ensure complete coverage, the hangers and the cross bar are often dipped with the parts. Because the cross bar and its hangers are also electrically charged, liquid may also adhere to the cross bar and the hangers. In order to avoid transfer onto new parts, and to avoid excess liquid build up, the cross bar and the hangers generally need cleaning before they can be reused for a new set of parts.
Regardless of which process is used, in order to avoid transfer onto new parts and to avoid excess build up which may prevent an effective electrical connection, the cross bar and the hangers generally need cleaning before they can be reused for a new set of parts. In many cases, the excess coating may be removed by exposing the cross bar and hangers to very high temperatures, rinsing the cross bar and hangers in fresh water, solvents, or some other liquids, or some combination thereof.
There is a need in the art for a cross bar that can be used for both powder coating and e-coating and which possesses certain features which makes the cross bar well-suited for both processes. Doing so would reduce manufacturing complexity, design complexity, provide versatility in use, reduce the number of parts needed in space inventory, and the like. For example, without limitation, because the cross bar is passed through liquid during e-coating, typical powder coating cross bars do not provide adequate drainage for effective use. During e-coating, drainage is required to permit excess liquid to exit the cross bar as well as permit adequate cleaning for reuse. Yet, traditional e-coating bars are not well suited for powered coating. Traditional e-coating bars are very, or completely, open, which if used in a powder coating application would cause the powder paint to build up inside the bar. This paint would interrupt the electrical supply between the bar and the hanger, preventing effective coating.
Therefore, what is needed is a cross bar which can be used for both powder coating and e-coating. The present invention is a cross bar which can be used for both powder coating and e-coating.
The cross bar may comprise a number of drain holes. The drain holes may be configured to permit the draining of liquid used in e-coating and provide effective rinsing when cleaning. In exemplary embodiments, a first set of drain holes is located along an upper edge of the cross bar while a second set of drain holes is located along the front and rear surfaces of the cross bar. Embosses may be spaced along the cross bar. The embosses may be configured to accommodate hangers, from which parts to be coated may be hung, between adjacent embosses. A third set of drain holes may be located along a lower edge of the cross bar. The cross bar may be formed by punching, cutting, or otherwise forming the drain holes and embosses in a piece of sheet metal and folding the piece of sheet metal in half.
Further features and advantages of the devices and systems disclosed herein, as well as the structure and operation of various aspects of the present disclosure, are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying figures.

Cross bar for powder coating and electronic coating


Provided are a disk defect inspection method and apparatus. The defect inspection method includes; determining an independent recording density value for disk defect detection in relation to disk drive component factors excepting a disk of the disk drive, and performing a disk defect inspection using the independent recording density value for disk defect detection.

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for inspecting the recording medium of a disk drive. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for enhancing accuracy in a disk defect detection process.
The hard disk drive (HDD) is a data storage device adapted to the recording and reproduction of data using a magnetic head. The data storage capacity, device integration density and physical miniaturization of conventional HDDs have all increased during recent years. Data recording density in a direction of disk rotation may be expressed using a bits per inch (BPI) value. Data recording density in a radial direction across the disk may be expressed using a tracks per inch (TPI) value. However expressed, data recording density has increased dramatically in contemporary HDDs. As a result, ever finer and more delicate mechanisms are required to read data that has been recorded with greatly increased density on the most recent HDDs.
The "disk" recording medium used in a HDD will typically include normal and defective regions. Data written to some physically defective regions will be reproduced with signals having reduced amplitude and/or degraded signal to noise ratio, as compared with signals resulting from normal data reads. At some point, the coherency of the data signals resulting from data read operations to defective disk regions can not be ensured. Accordingly, a disk defect inspection must be performed during the process of manufacturing an HDD in order to ensure the performance quality of the HDD.

Defect inspection method and disk drive using same


A patient positioning table has a base part with a longitudinal axis and a support plate for positioning a patient. The support plate can be displaced in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the base part relative to the base part. The support plate is provided with a device that can interact with an acceptance device of the base part such that the support plate can be rotated relative to the base part after acceptance of the device of the support plate into the acceptance device of the base part of the support plate. The patient positioning table is suitable for a computed tomography apparatus.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns a patient positioning table of the type having a base part having a longitudinal axis and a support plate for supporting a patient, the support plate being displaceable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the base part relative to the base part. The invention also concerns a computed tomography apparatus having such a patient positioning table.
2. Description of the Prior Art
For tomographic examination of a patient with a tomography apparatus, such as a magnetic resonance apparatus, a C-arm x-ray apparatus or (as described in detail in the following) an x-ray computed tomography apparatus, a patient is positioned on a support plate of a patient positioning table, the support plate normally being displaced relative to a measurement system of the tomography apparatus. For example, if a computed tomography apparatus is considered, the support plate of the patient positioning table can be displaced in the longitudinal direction through an opening of the gantry of the computed tomography apparatus. The radiological measurement system (formed by an x-ray source and an x-ray detector situated opposite thereto) is contained in the gantry.
If a patient who is not able to position himself or herself on the support plate (for example due to an injury or a physical limitation) is to be relocated from a bed aligned parallel to the patient positioning table onto the support plate of the patient positioning table, it frequently proves to be disadvantageous that the access to the support plate is limited for medical personnel either at the head or at the foot of the support plate due to the proximity to the gantry. Furthermore, the sole longitudinal movement capability of the support plate proves to be disadvantageous when a whole-body scan of a patient must be generated. In this case., the scan length presently available in computed tomography apparatuses is normally insufficient permit to scanning a patient without repositioning (i.e. a 180° rotation of the patient). Such a repositioning, however, significantly reduces the speed of the workflow, and it is additionally problematical that emergency patients are not able to reposition themselves. For this reason, such patients (together with the care devices connected to them) often must be first relocated to a second bed which is rotated by 180° in order to be able to subsequently position the patient again on the support plate of the patient positioning table of the computed tomography apparatus and scan the still-remaining body segment of the patient.

Computed tomography apparatus and patient positioning table therefor allowing rotation of the patient support plate


An ultrasonic vibration actuator on which polishing treatment of the driving surface of the elastic member can easily be performed, and which can be accurately assembled. The ultrasonic vibration actuator is equipped with a support member, and an elastic member, which is established about the external surface of the support member and in addition maintains piezoelectric elements. The elastic member generates a driving force in a driving surface which is an end surface thereof, and a relative moving member, which is in compressive contact with the elastic member at the driving surface, is caused to move. Fixing members, which penetrate the support member and the elastic member and which fix the support member and the elastic member, are also provided. The support member, in a position including a plane between the driving surface and the fixing member, is freely separable into a first support member and a second support member.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates, in a vibration actuator represented by an ultrasonic motor, to a vibration actuator in which two vibrational modes are used, for example, a longitudinal vibration and a torsional vibration. In particular, the present invention relates to a vibration actuator having an improved construction and to a method of forming same.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 13 is an oblique view showing a conventional vibration actuator of the type using a longitudinal vibration and a torsional vibration.
Heretofore, in this kind of vibration actuator, the stator (fixed element) 101 comprises a piezoelectric element 104 for torsional vibration, disposed between two columnar type vibration elements 102, 103. Moreover, a piezoelectric element 105 for longitudinal vibration is arranged at the upper side of the vibration element 103. The piezoelectric element 104 for torsional vibration is polarized in the circumferential direction, while the piezoelectric element 105 for longitudinal vibration is polarized in the thickness direction. Furthermore, a rotor (moving element) 106 is disposed on the upper side of the piezoelectric element 105 for longitudinal vibration.
The vibration elements 102, 103 and piezoelectric elements 104, 104 which constitute the stator 101 are fixed by means of threaded retention on the threaded portion of a shaft 107. The rotor 106 is rotatably disposed on the shaft 107 via ball bearings 108. A nut 110 is screw retained on the end of the shaft 107 via a spring 109, causing the rotor 106 to be in compressive contact with the stator 101 with a compressive force F.
The piezoelectric element 104 for torsional vibration and the piezoelectric element 105 for longitudinal vibration are driven by a voltage, phase controlled by means of a phase shifter 112, oscillating at the same frequency, as that supplied from the oscillator 111.
The piezoelectric element 104 for torsional vibration incurs a mechanical deformation in order to rotate the rotor 106. On the other hand, the piezoelectric element 105 for longitudinal vibration, via a frictional force acting between the stator 101 and the rotor 106, plays a clutch-like role in converting vibration to unidirectional motion, by means of causing periodic vibration synchronously with the period of the torsional vibration due to the piezoelectric element 104.
FIG. 14 is an oblique exploded view of the stator of the conventional vibration actuator.
It is necessary to polarize in the circumferential direction the piezoelectric element 104 for torsional vibration. Because of this, the piezoelectric material, as shown in FIG. 14, once divided into about six to eight fan-shaped pieces, and after each piece had been polarized, they were reassembled into a ring. Moreover, element 104a is an electrode.
However, in the conventional vibration actuator, when assembling the piezoelectric element 104 for torsional vibration into a ring, it was difficult to provide shape accuracy.
On the other hand, the areas of the piezoelectric element 105 for longitudinal vibration and the piezoelectric element 104 for torsional vibration, were both about equal to the cross sectional area of the stator 106, or, were smaller than the cross sectional area of the stator 106. Moreover, it was necessary to open a hole in the respective centers of the piezoelectric element 105 for longitudinal vibration and the piezoelectric element 104 for torsional vibration, in order for the shaft 107 to pass therethrough. Because of this, the respective areas of the piezoelectric element 105 for longitudinal vibration and the piezoelectric element 104 for torsional vibration became further reduced, and it became difficult to attain both high torque and high rotation of a vibration actuator.
In order to solve such problems, the present assignee has already disclosed, in Japanese Patent Application 6-275022, a type of vibration actuator which uses longitudinal vibrations and torsional vibrations and which can drive at high torque and high rotation, and which moreover is of simple structure and simple to manufacture.
FIG. 15 is a cross sectional diagram showing the structure of this vibration actuator. In FIG. 15, a cylindrical elastic member 202 is arranged in the outer circumferential surface of a rod-shaped fixed shaft 201 which has a large diameter portion 201a in the center. The elastic member 202 is threadingly held in the large diameter portion 201a by means of mounting bolts 203a, 203b.
The elastic member 202 is constituted by bringing about the assembly of two thick walled semicylindrical elastic members 202a, 202b. In the junction surface between the elastic bodies, two piezoelectric elements for torsional vibration using a piezoelectric constant d.sub.15 and two piezoelectric elements for longitudinal vibration using a piezoelectric constant d.sub.31 (both not shown in the drawing) are superposed. Thus a total of four piezoelectric elements are present.
A moving member (relative moving member) 205 is in contact with the driving surface D which is the upper end face of the elastic body 202. This moving member 205 is disposed to rotate freely on the fixed shaft 201 by means of a bearing 204 arranged in the center.
The moving member 205 is constituted by a moving member base material 205a and a sliding member 205b which is in contact with the drive surface D of the elastic member 202. By means of the bearing 204 which has been fitted into its inner circumference, the moving member 205 is then located with respect to the fixed shaft 201.
Moreover, the moving member 205 is in contact, in a compressed state, with the drive surface D of the elastic member 202, due to a compression member 206 which is a disc spring, a coil spring, or a plate spring. By this means, while driving as a vibration actuator, it is such that shaft vibration is not generated. This fixed shaft 201 has a threaded portion 201b formed at the front end thereof. An adjustment member 207, which is a nut or the like to regulate the amount of compression of the compression member 206, is held by means of screw threading onto the other end of fixed shaft 201.
A vibration actuator which has been constituted in this manner is excited by means of an impressed drive voltage from drive voltage elements (not shown in the drawing) or a drive voltage source (not shown in the drawing). Torsional vibrations and longitudinal vibrations are generated in the elastic member 202. When the resonant frequencies of the torsional vibration and the longitudinal vibration are about in agreement, torsional vibrations and longitudinal vibrations arise synchronously (that is, degeneracy), and elliptic motion arises in the drive surface D. This elliptic motion consists of a drive force, and the moving element 205 which is in compressive contact revolves around the fixed shaft 201.
However, the size of the locus of the elliptic motion which arises in the drive surface D of the elastic member 202 is about 1-2 .mu.m. Because of this, for the elliptic motion generated in the drive surface D of the elastic member 202, in order to drive the moving element 205, to reliably reach the moving element 205 with which member 202 makes compressive contact, it is necessary to control to a predetermined surface roughness the drive surface D of the elastic member 202. This is done by, for example, performing lapping treatment or the like polishing or grinding treatment.
However, as shown in FIG. 15, the elastic member 202 is constituted as two assembled semicylindrical elastic members 202a, 202b. Because of this, the polishing or grinding treatment of the drive surface D, in order to obtain a predetermined surface roughness, is necessarily performed after the assembly of the elastic member 202.
Namely, in order to perform the polishing or grinding treatment of the drive surface D of the elastic member 202 of the vibration actuator shown in FIG. 15, the following steps from (1) through (6) are required.
(1) Four piezoelectric elements are interposed between elastic members, and in addition, in a state with adhesive caused to be interposed, the semicylindrical elastic members 202a, 202b are arranged opposite one another in the periphery of the fixed shaft 201. PA0 (2) The semicylindrical elastic members 202a, 202b are fixed by mounting bolts 203a, 203b. The semicylindrical elastic members 202a, 202b and the piezoelectric elements are then adhered together. PA0 (3) After adhesion, the mounting bolts 203a, 203b are removed, the elastic member 202 is pulled out from the fixed shaft 201. PA0 (4) Polishing or grinding treatment of the drive surface D of the elastic member 202 is performed. PA0 (5) After the polishing or grinding has ended, the elastic member 202 is mounted on the fixed shaft 201. It is again fixed by the mounting bolts 203a, 203b. PA0 (6) The moving member 205 and the like are mounted on the fixed shaft 201.
Moreover, there is a risk that the adhesive, in order to adhere the piezoelectric elements and the semicylindrical elastic members 202a, 202b, could get around the mounting bolts 203a, 203b. In this case, in the process step (3), the mounting bolts 203a, 203b cannot be removed. To prevent this, for example, it is also necessary for the threads of the mounting bolts 203a, 203b to be coated with silicone oil or a similar adhesion prevention measure, and the process becomes complicated.
In this manner, in the vibration actuator proposed by Japanese Patent Application 6-275022, a large number of process steps are required, including grinding or polishing the drive surface D of the elastic member 202, and there is a risk of the process impeding mass production.
Furthermore, in the aforementioned method, when reassembling the support member 201 and the elastic body after polishing or grinding of the drive surface D, it is difficult to set the angle between the support member 201 and the drive surface D correctly at 90.degree.. Because of this, a skew arises between the drive surface D and the moving member 205, the drive force or driving effect is reduced, and the occurrence of noise and similar problems arise.


In an information processing apparatus controlling a scanner, a reading instruction and a reading setting made in the scanner is detected by the scanner driver. When the reading instruction is detected, reading to be performed according to the detected reading setting is acquired by an application via an operating system, and the scanner driver is instructed that the scanner executes the reading according to the acquired reading setting, with the application.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an information processing apparatus capable of controlling a scanner and a control method for the same.
Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, an image scanner (hereinafter referred to as a scanner) serving as one of image input apparatuses notifies an information processing apparatus connected thereto of an event informing the intention of starting a scan operation, and executes the scan operation when receiving an instruction from an information terminal device based on the information. In such a conventional scanner, when a user operates an operation unit of the scanner to read an image, the scanner executes the scan operation, and image data acquired by the scan operation is transferred to the information terminal device connected to the scanner (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-355481).
The information processing apparatus includes a button monitoring program for regularly monitoring a button event of the scanner to recognize that the user has performed the reading operation from the operation unit of the scanner. When receiving the event of pressing the reading start button from the scanner, the button monitoring program activates a predetermined application in the information processing apparatus, and acquires the image data via a scanner driver. The application causes the scanner driver to execute scan processing through an application program interface (API) conforming to the standard such as technology without an interesting name (TWAIN), and a windows image acquisition (WIA), thereby acquiring the image data. Moreover, the button monitoring program stores information about a reading setting made by using the operation unit of the scanner, in a shared memory of the information terminal device. Thus made reading setting is reflected in a scan operation performed by an instruction from the information processing apparatus. Then, the application activated by the button monitoring program accesses the shared memory to interpret the reading setting information, and instructs the scanner driver to execute the scan operation according to this reading setting information.
Meanwhile, there is an operating system (OS) for an information processing apparatus which employs a sandbox technology to prevent an unauthorized operation thereof. In such a system, an application and a device driver are subjected to sandbox to enhance system security. However, since the sandboxed application restricts an operation to that within the area protected by the system, the reading setting information cannot be accessed after activation of the application.

Information processing apparatus that is capable of controlling scanner and that when an application is activated transmits device information indicating a device connected to the apparatus to the application, and control method for the same


A wireless communication method and system for detecting and correcting transmission errors. The system includes at least one wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) in communication with a Node B. The Node B sends a transmission signal (e.g., containing a protocol data unit (PDU)) to the WTRU. The WTRU generates a revert message having a first field and a second field to indicate whether the transmission signal was successfully received at the WTRU. The WTRU inserts a negative acknowledgement (NACK) message or positive acknowledgement (ACK) message into the first field and inserts a respective channel quality identifier (CQI) value corresponding to a worst or best possible value of CQI into the second field. The WTRU transmits the revert message to the Node B which compares the contents of the first and second fields. The Node B resends the transmission signal to the WTRU if the contents of the first and second fields are not logically consistent.

In 3G cellular systems, for Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) there are retransmission mechanisms in the Acknowledgement Mode of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer to achieve high reliability of end-to-end data transmissions. The RLC layer is a peer entity in both the Radio Network Controller (RNC) and the User Equipment (UE).
A block diagram of the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) MAC-hs layer architecture is illustrated in FIG. 1, and a block diagram of UE MAC-hs architecture is shown in FIG. 2. The UTRAN MAC-hs 30 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a Transport Format Combination (TFC) selection entity 31, a scheduling device 32, a plurality of H-ARQ processors 33a, 33b and a flow controller 34.
The UE MAC-hs 40 comprises an H-ARQ processor 41. As will be explained with reference to both FIGS. 1 and 2, the H-ARQ processors 33a, 33b in the UTRAN MAC-hs 30 and the H-ARQ processor 41 in the UE MAC-hs 40 work together to process blocks of data.
The H-ARQ processors 33a, 33b in the UTRAN MAC-hs 30 handle all of the tasks that are required for H-ARQ to generate transmissions and retransmissions for any transmission that is in error. The H-ARQ processor 41 in the UE MAC-hs 40 is responsible for generating a positive acknowledgement (ACK) to indicate a successful transmission, and for generating a negative acknowledgement (NACK) to indicate a failed transmission. The H-ARQ processors 33a, 33b and 41 process sequential data streams for each user data flow.
As will be described in further detail hereinafter, blocks of data (or protocol data units (PDUs)) received on each user data flow are sequentially assigned to H-ARQ processors 33a, 33b. For purposes of describing the invention, it is assumed that one PDU equals one data block, although this is not necessarily the case. Each H-ARQ processor 33a, 33b initiates a transmission, and in the case of an error, the H-ARQ processor 41 requests a retransmission. On subsequent transmissions, the modulation and coding rate may be changed in order to ensure a successful transmission. The data block to be retransmitted and any new transmissions to the UE are forwarded to the scheduling device 32.
The scheduling device 32, coupled between the H-ARQ processors 33a, 33b and the TFC selector 31, functions as radio resource manager and determines transmission latency in order to support the required QoS. Based on the outputs of the H-ARQ processors 33a, 33b and the priority of a new data block being transmitted, the scheduling device 32 forwards the data block to the TFC selection entity 31.
The TFC selection entity 31, coupled to the scheduling device 32, receives the data block to be transmitted and selects an appropriate dynamic transport format for the data block to be transmitted. With respect to H-ARQ transmissions and retransmissions, the TFC selection entity 31 determines modulation and coding.
It is highly desirable for the retransmitted data blocks to arrive at the RLC entity of the receiving side (i.e., the UE) as soon as possible for several reasons. First, the missed data block will prevent subsequent data blocks from being forwarded to higher layers, due to the requirement of in-sequence delivery. Second, the buffer of the UE needs to be sized large enough to accommodate the latency of retransmissions while still maintaining effective data rates. The longer the latency is, the larger the UE buffer size has to be to allow for the UE to buffer both the data blocks that are held up and continuous data receptions until the correct sequence data block is forwarded to higher layers. The larger buffer size results in increased hardware costs for UEs. This is very undesirable.
Referring to FIG. 3, a simplified flow diagram of the data flow between a Node B (shown at the bottom of FIG. 3) and a UE (shown at the top of FIG. 3) is shown. PDUs from higher level processing are scheduled and may be multiplexed into one data block. A data block can only contain PDUs of higher layers of the same priority. A unique Transmission Sequence Number (TSN) is assigned to each data block by a scheduler. The higher layers may provide a plurality of streams of different priorities of PDUs, each priority having a sequence of TSNs. The scheduler then dispatches the data blocks to a plurality of H-ARQ processors P1B–P5B.
Each H-ARQ processor P1B–P5B is responsible for processing a single data block at a time. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the Priority 1 PDUs comprise a sequence illustrated as B11–-B1N. Likewise, the Priority 2 PDUs are sequenced from B21–B2N and the Priority 3 PDUs are sequenced from B31-B3N. These PDUs are scheduled (and may be multiplexed) and affixed a TSN by the scheduler. After a data block is scheduled to be processed by a particular processor P1B–P5B, each data block is associated with a processor identifier, which identifies the processor P1B–P5B that processes the data block.
The data blocks are then input into the scheduled Node B H-ARQ processors P1B–P5B which receive and process each data block. Each Node B H-ARQ processor P1B–P5B corresponds to an H-ARQ processor P1UE–P5UE within the UE. Accordingly, the first H-ARQ processor P1B in the Node B communicates with the first H-ARQ processor P1UE in the UE. Likewise, the second H-ARQ processor P2B in the Node B communicates with the second H-ARQ processor P2UE in the UE, and so on for the remaining H-ARQ processors P3B–P5B in the Node B and their counterpart H-ARQ processors P3UE–P5UE respectively within the UE. The H-ARQ processes are timely multiplexed onto the air interface.
For example, taking the first pair of communicating H-ARQ processors P1B and P1UE, the H-ARQ processor P1B processes a data block, for example B11, and forwards it for multiplexing and transmitting it over the air interface. When this data block B11 is received by the first H-ARQ processor P1UE, the processor P1UE determines whether or not it was received without error. If the data block B11 was received without error, the first H-ARQ processor P1UE transmits an ACK to indicate to the transmitting H-ARQ processor P1B that it has been successfully received. On the contrary, if there is an error in the received data block B11, the receiving H-ARQ processor P1UE transmits a NACK to the transmitting H-ARQ processor P1B. This process continues until the transmitting processor P1B receives an ACK for the data block B11. Once an ACK is received, that processor P1B is "released" for processing another data block. The scheduler will assign the processor P1B another data block if available.
As graphically illustrated in FIG. 3, the scheduler knows of the release of the processor P1B by receiving the ACK/NACK, or may use some other signaling scheme that is well known in the art.
Once the receiving H-ARQ processors P1UE–P5UE process each data block, the data blocks are forwarded to the reordering buffers R1, R2, R3 based on their priority; one reordering buffer for each priority level of data. For example, Priority 1 data blocks B11–B1N will be received and reordered in the Priority 1 reordering buffer R1; Priority 2 data blocks B21–B2N will be received and reordered in the Priority 2 reordering buffer R2; and the Priority 3 data blocks B31-B3N will be received and reordered by the Priority 3 reordering buffer R3. Due to the pre-processing of the data blocks by the receiving H-ARQ processors P1UE–P5UE and the ACK/NACK acknowledgement procedure, the data blocks are often received in an order that is not sequential with respect to their TSNs. The reordering buffers R1–R3 receive the out-of sequence data blocks and attempt to reorder the data blocks in a sequential manner prior to forwarding onto the RLC layer. For example, the Priority 1 reordering buffer R1 receives and reorders the first four Priority 1 data blocks B11–B14. As the data blocks are received and reordered, they will be passed to the RLC layer.
On the receiving side, the UE MAC-hs, (which has been graphically illustrated as MAC-hs control), reads the H-ARQ processor ID, whether it is sent on a control channel such as the HS-SCCH or whether the data block has been tagged, to determine which H-ARQ processor P1UE–P5UE has been used. If the UE receives another data block to be processed by the same H-ARQ processor P1UE–P5UE, the UE knows that that particular H-ARQ processor P1UE–P5UE has been released regardless of whether or not the previous data block processed by that H-ARQ processor P1UE–P5UE has been successfully received or not.
Although, the H-ARQ process provides a mechanism wherein transmissions that are received in error are indicated to the transmitter, and wherein the retransmission of that block is combined in the receiver with previous transmissions to achieve reduced block error rates, for the combining process to work correctly in the receiver the same PDU must be applied in retransmissions as for the initial transmission. During each Transmission Time Interval (TTI), one H-ARQ process may service one data block. The initial transmission and retransmissions of a particular data block are serviced by the same H-ARQ processor.
As aforementioned, the receiving side (the UE) uses ACK or NACK to inform the H-ARQ process of the transmitting side (the Node B) whether a transmission is successful, where ACK indicates success and NACK indicates failure. One ACK/NACK corresponds to one PDU, which is the unit transmitted every TTI. The ACK/NACK is represented by one bit carried on the uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel—High Speed (DPCCH-HS).
However, a significant problem with this prior art scheme is that a NACK from the UE could be misinterpreted as an ACK by the Node B because the transmission occurs in a fading environment. Due to the nature of radio propagation, this type of error cannot be totally eliminated. For such misinterpretations, there is currently no mechanism for the Node B to be aware of it and the UE will not receive a retransmission of the erroneously received PDU. In this prior art scheme, the failed transmission will not be detected until a higher layer message (i.e. Layer 2) is sent from the UE to the Node B.
The biggest disadvantage of relying on the higher layers to initiate retransmission of a missed PDU is the latency of transmission, since the round-trip delay of the process of retransmission is significantly longer than the timescale of the original transmissions. A Layer 2 message sent from the UE to the Node B to notify the Node B of the failed transmissions will occur only after a significant delay, on the order of 100 milliseconds or more.
In order to attempt to overcome these prior art disadvantages, it has been suggested that the UE should signal to the Node B on the DPCCH-HS when the UE detects a misinterpretation of NACK to ACK. This scheme replaces the simple binary (ACK/NACK) decision by a three (3) state decision (ACK/NACK/Revert). However, the addition of the third state (Revert) reduces the reliability of the processing at the Node B and is, therefore, undesirable.

Wireless communication method and system for detecting and correcting transmission errors


The present invention relates to a recreational and sporting device (10) comprising a foot support (12) that is mounted on a first wheel (26) such that the foot support is located below the axis of rotation of a first wheel (26). The foot cradle (12) is hingedly attached to a leg support (18) which is adapted to be attached to a user's leg. The device (10) may further include a second wheel (56) used for stabilization and to assist in steering. The device (10) provides a recreational and sporting apparatus that is more manoeuvrable and can be used on uneven terrain where conventional skates, such as in-line skates, cannot be used.

The present invention relates generally to recreational and sporting devices and more particularly to recreational and sporting devices of the type including a foot support mounted to a wheel where a person stands in a generally upright position and travels over the ground.
Recreational and sporting devices comprising a foot support mounted to one or more wheels, where a person stands in a generally upright position and travels over a surface, are well known in the art. One such type of device is the skateboard, which is constructed for use on paved or other kinds of finished surfaces. Other such devices include either the conventional or in-line roller skates having a plurality of wheels for use on similar types of finished surfaces.
In all of the above-described devices, both steering and braking is only achieved by shifting the weight of the rider, which means that unless the person is highly skilled their control of the device, especially braking control, is at times questionable. Further because by virtue of their design they have relatively small diameter wheels the devices are limited to use on relatively smooth finish surfaces and are not appropriate for rough and uneven terrain. The smaller wheels also lead to high wear and tear of the device, and the speed of the user is limited. Conventional and in-line skates also have the disadvantage that since there are typically four wheels on the ground at any one time, this limits manoeuvrability of the device which means that the turning circle for such devices is quite large.
The need exists for a wheeled type recreational and sporting device where a person stands and which can be used in travelling on rougher ground than is allowed by the use of current devices.
It is an object of this invention to provide a new and improved type of recreational and sporting device that overcomes at least some of the above-mentioned problems or provides the public with a useful alternative.
The above and other objects are achieved according to this invention by providing a device comprising a foot support that is mounted on a wheel such that the foot support is located below the axis of rotation of the wheel.

Recreational and sporting device for movement over ground


Processes for surface treatment of a workpiece are provided. In one example implementation, organic radicals (e.g., methyl CH3 radicals) can be generated by exciting and/or dissociating hydrogen and/or inert gas (e.g., Ar, He, etc) molecules in a remote plasma source and a subsequent reaction with organic molecule (alkanes and alkenes). The organic radicals (e.g., methyl CH3 radicals) can be exposed to the silicon and/or silicon germanium surfaces. After exposure to the organic radicals, the silicon and/or silicon germanium surfaces can be stable in air for a time period (e.g., days) with reduced surface oxidation such that the silicon and/or silicon germanium surfaces can be effectively protected from oxidation. As such, native surface oxide removal process before subsequent process steps can be eliminated.

Plasma processing is widely used in the semiconductor industry for deposition, etching, resist removal, and related processing of semiconductor wafers and other substrates. Plasma sources (e.g., microwave, ECR, inductive, etc.) are often used for plasma processing to produce high density plasma and reactive species for processing substrates. Post-implantation photoresist, post-etch residue, and other mask and/or material removal have been accomplished using plasma dry strip processes. In plasma dry strip processes, neutral particles from a plasma generated in a remote plasma chamber pass through a separation grid into a processing chamber to treat a substrate, such as a semiconductor wafer.

Integration of materials removal and surface treatment in semiconductor device fabrication

Beijing E-Town Semiconductor Technology Co., Ltd.


An object of the present invention is to provide an electrical junction box allowing a hollow cavity portion and a component receiving portion to be easily distinguished from each other so that the workability upon inserting components is improved. The electrical junction box includes a cassette block. Electronic components such as relay or fuse are mounted on an upper surface of the cassette block, and a bus bar and a terminal are inserted into a lower surface of the cassette block. The lower surface of the cassette block is provided with a bus bar receiving portion into which the bus bar is inserted, a terminal receiving portion into which the terminal is inserted, and a plurality of hollow cavity portions adjacent to the bus bar receiving portion and the terminal receiving portion and into which no component is inserted.

FIG. 4 is an exploded view showing a conventional electrical junction box (see PTL 1). The electrical junction box 201 shown in FIG. 4 includes: a box main body 202; cassette blocks 203A, 203B attached to the box main body 202; an upper cover (not shown) for covering an opening 202b of the box main body 202; and a lower cover (not shown) for covering an opening 202a of the box main body 202. Incidentally, the electrical junction box 201 shown in FIG. 4 is upside down with respect to an actual mounting direction on a vehicle.
The cassette blocks 203A, 203B are made of synthetic resin, and outer shapes thereof are formed in a block shape. Electronic components such as fuse or relay are mounted on an upper surface 203a of each of the cassette blocks 203A, 203B. A lower surface 203b of each of cassette blocks 203A, 203B is provided with a terminal receiving portion 231 (component receiving portion) into which a terminal attached to an end of an electric wire 208 is inserted, a bus bar receiving portion (component receiving portion) into which a bus bar is inserted, and a hollow cavity portion into which no component is inserted. Lower ends of the terminal receiving portion 231, the bus bar receiving portion, and the hollow cavity portion are aligned at the same height. Incidentally, the electric wire 208 connected to the cassette block 203A is only partially shown, and the electric wire 208 connected to the cassette block 203B is not shown.


The invention refers to a method for improved congestion control in a wireless mobile system where a high speed packet data access (HSDPA) between a node and a number of mobile stations (MS) have been established by dedicating a high speed physical downlink shared channel (HS-PDSCH) to all mobile stations (MS) and one associated dedicated channel (A-DPCH) per each mobile station (MS). The method comprises the steps of; CON-in case of congestion, detecting the amount of download data still to be downloaded by each of the mobile stations (MS) and, -based on the amount of download data still to be downloaded, releasing the associated dedicated channel (A-DPCH) for one or more first mobile stations (MS) having an amount of data above a predetermined threshold level.

Abbreviations:    3GPP—3rd Generation Partnership Project (standards body)    A-DPCH—Associated Dedicated Physical Channel    DL—DownLink    FDD—Frequency Division Duplex    GGSN—Gateway GPRS Support Node    GPRS—General Packet Radio System    GSM—Global System for Mobile Communications    HSDPA—High Speed Downlink Packet Access    HS—PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Shared CHannel    LLC—Logical Link Control    MAC—Medium Access Code    MS—Mobile station    PDP—Packet Data Protocol    RLC—Radio Link Control    RNC—Radio Network Controller    SGSN—Serving GPRS Support Node    SNDCP—Sub Network Dependent Convergence Protocol    TCP—Transport    TDD—Division Duplex    UL—UpLink    UMTS—Universal Mobile Telecommunications System    UTRAN—UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network    WCDMA—Wide band Code Division Multiple Access
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specification is a standard for the third generation mobile telephony system. The system supports different user data rates for different users. The transmission power used for a certain user is determined by interference level in a certain cell, user data rate, channel quality and requested quality of the data transmission in the cell.
Control channels and traffic channels are referred to as logical channels. These logical channels are mapped onto physical channels.
A physical channel can be a radio broadcasting frequency, a pair of frequencies (including duplex separation) in an analog mobile system or a time slot on a pair of frequencies in a digital mobile system.
A physical channel may, for example, be a time slot on a particular frequency channel in a TDMA system and may also be said to be a carrier of a logical channel, such as a traffic channel (sometimes abbreviated TCH), or several logical channels, such as various control channels in a multi frame structure.
In digital systems based on TDMA the mapping process means that a time slot and a frequency are allocated to the traffic burst.
The traffic channels convey voice or data (such as Internet traffic) between the mobile and base station. The channels are allocated on a per call basis. Ordinarily, a time slot is used for one call only (full rate), but an alternative with two calls per time slot (half rate) has also been specified.
All the present mobile systems are based on multiple access, which means that all users have simultaneous access to the medium. This requires a number of rules to prevent situations in which mobiles "all talk at the same time". The medium, which is a common resource, must satisfy the needs of all users.
Traffic channels are assigned through control-channel signalling.
Each cell in a cellular system can be regarded as an individual medium because a mobile leaving the cell loses contact with that cell's base station. However, all mobiles in the cell utilise the same radio resource, namely, that portion of the frequency spectrum which has been assigned to the cell.
One technique for channel multiplexing using multiple access is CDMA (Code division multiple access). CDMA systems are capable of transmitting and receiving over the entire frequency band and a "third dimension" is used to separate traffic channels, namely coding.
A typical feature of the CDMA technique is that all mobiles in the network are assigned a unique code: a chip sequence. When a mobile wishes to transmit a bit stream, it replaces every bit with its code (for ones) or with the code's ones complement (for zeros). The result is that a number of air interface bits (referred to as a "chip"), depending on the spreading factor used, are transmitted for every payload bit. Provided that the same modulation methods are used as those used in TDMA, the required bandwidth will be correspondingly larger. Instead of using some tens of kHz for a voice channel, the chip will be modulated over approximately 3.84 MHz. That is why this technique is also referred to as a spread-spectrum technique.
The mobile telephone system may, for example, be a WCDMA system which has a downlink transport channel called High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH) mapped onto a set of physical channels called High Speed Physical Downlink Shared CHannels (HS-PDSCH). The HS-DSCH provides enhanced support for interactive, background, and, to some extent streaming radio-access-bearer (RAB) services in the downlink direction.
In a HSDPA supporting WCDMA system (e.g. according to 3GPP release 5) every user that is given access to a HS-PDSCH (High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel) channel must also have an associated dedicated Physical Channel A-DPCH used, for example, for communicating control information.
A typical action in case of overload (congestion) consists of the Radio Network Controller RNC releasing certain channels to reduce the load on the particular resource that is in shortage, for example DL Power, UL interference, DL Codes, etc. It is possible that also A-DPCHs will be released, especially if all interactive/background traffic is carried on HS-PDSCH and there's a need to make more DL Codes available to handle a sharp increase in conversational traffic (speech, video, . . . ) or if it turns out that A-DPCHs consume a significant amount of power.
Current congestion control randomly selects the A-DPCHs to be released for certain mobile stations and thereby inhibiting the downlink information flow in the HS-PDSCH for the thereby randomly chosen mobile station. This can lead to a situation where a user that is almost done with a download is thrown out of the system at the expense of a user that has just got into the system. As an end user, this can be very annoying, especially if the application gives some kind of indication of the progress of the download (one case could be that the end user can see that the down load is 95% completed and then interrupted).
Therefore, there is a need for an improved congestion control in a HSDPA based system or the like, with enhanced data transmission flow control giving more pleased users.

Congestion control in a wireless mobile system


An electrical connector for Ethernet cable, having an elongated hollow housing with a forward end wall which must correctly fit within the opening in a mating connector, in which the forward end wall has a thickened outer portion that must be sheared off to fit the mating connector, and in which the thickened portion is formed integral with the wall so that it continues to support the wall while being sheared off.

It is necessary for the contact blades, not shown, of a female RJ45 connector to precisely mate with the forward edges of contact blades 36. The field experience and complaints with my EZ-RJ45 connector system have shown a need for improved performance. The operation of the shearing and crimping tool 50, 70, often tends to cause a distortion in the plastic housing 20, so that the wires and contacts are not maintained precisely in their desired dimensionally stable positions. There are several different forces that contribute to this result:                1. sliding contact force overcoming friction for seating blades 36;        2. insulation displacement force IDC. This is the force it takes to push the gold connector contact blades 36 into the wire insulation plastic coating and mate with the copper wires.        3. cut wire force—the shearing force needed to cut the wires 2-7;        4. any dullness of the cutting blade exacerbates the problem.        5. since the blade 60 as shown in my prior patents is free-floating, any misalignment of the blade also exacerbates the problem.All of these forces tend to push, twist, and deform the connector housing in an undesired manner. This may lead to an FCC non-compliant connector that has to be discarded, causing loss of time and money.
Since my present product requires hand cutting of wires 1 and 8, it would also be desirable to have all eight of the wires cut and sheared by the crimping and shearing tool, to avoid an extra hand working step by the technician.

Electrical connector with removable external load bar, and method of its use


A revolving base of microwave oven, including an upper chassis, a nether chassis movably located under the upper chassis, an upper distribution box locating on the bottom of the upper chassis, a nether distribution box locating on a top side of the nether chassis, idler wheel groups cooperating between the upper chassis and the nether chassis; the upper chassis, the upper distribution box, the nether distribution box and the nether chassis axially locate through a screw; a smaller conducting ring and a bigger conducting ring are embedded in the bottom of the upper distribution box, the smaller conducting ring and the bigger conducting ring center on the screw, the smaller conducting ring and the bigger conducting ring respectively have electrical union joints drilling through upwards the upper distribution box; a smaller conducting strip and a bigger conducting strip are embedded in the top side of the nether distribution box.

Traditional microwave oven is cuboid, the oven door of the microwave oven is situated at one side of the microwave oven. When microwave oven is placed in a cabinet, the oven door is opposite to the door of cabinet; when microwave oven is placed on hearth, the oven door is opposite to the position being convenient to users. It is obvious that the position of the oven door is usually changeless.
However, the designs of household electric appliances are much more humanized along with the improving of the quality of life of people. For example, microwave oven can be designed as cylinder, the oven door can take up half area of cylinder, accordingly, the area of oven door greatly increased. Foods can be much more expediently taken out because of the half cylinder of oven door.
At the same time, on some occasions, especially in the case of bigger room, user want to take out food from microwave oven, when he is not opposite to the oven door, the user must move around to the oven door or put up microwave oven to get food, which is discommodious to use.


A sliding door comprising a door leaf and a frame profile holding the door leaf. The frame profile includes lateral frame profiles and a lower frame profile. Intermediate pieces are disposed in a channel of the lower frame profile and in channels of the lateral frame profiles to connect the lower and lateral frame profiles together. Roller assemblies are disposed in the lower frame profile and are adjusted via screws which extend through the intermediate pieces.

The invention relates to a sliding door with a frame having a lower, an upper and two lateral frame profiles, the lateral frame profiles being screwed to the lower and upper frame profiles, with a door leaf which is held in the frame in retaining channels of the frame profiles, and with upper guide rollers and lower runners which are mounted on retaining elements which can be inserted into the lower channel of the lower frame profile, which channel is designed to have an H-shaped cross section, the retaining elements being provided with a sloping face and having a thread or a nut in which there engages an adjusting screw which is inserted into a mating piece.
Sliding doors of this type are used particularly for closing wardrobes, especially built-in wardrobes. There is a wide variety of doors for closing wardrobes or the like, which frequently also have a frame. In that case, numerous requirements are placed on the frame. It should be easy to assemble. There should also be the possibility of adjusting the height of the doors by adjusting the runners.
It is known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,102,009 that the lower runners of a sliding door are guided in a retaining element with a lateral sloping face, the sloping face having only its upper end bearing against the lateral frame profile and pointing downwardly away therefrom. Tightening a screw which engages through the lateral frame profile into a thread of the retaining element makes it possible to reduce the angle between the sloping face of the retaining element and the lateral frame profile. In this way the runner is moved further downward and the door is raised.
If screws which are not countersunk are used for adjustment purposes (or else for assembling the door), not only do they disturb the otherwise harmonious appearance of the frame or the door. If they have not been screwed in properly but instead stick out somewhat, they may also lead to injuries or to damage to items of clothing taken out of the wardrobe. These problems are to be avoided according to the invention.
The object of the invention is to provide a sliding door of the initially mentioned type in which adjustment of the runners is possible with the aid of countersunk screws.


A capacitor element includes a positive electrode body made of valve metal, a dielectric oxide layer on the positive electrode body, a solid electrolytic layer made of conductive polymer on the dielectric oxide layer, and a negative electrode layer on the solid electrolytic layer. A solid electrolytic capacitor includes the capacitor element, a package made of insulating resin covering the capacitor element, a base electrode provided at an edge surface of the package and made of non-valve metal coupled with the positive electrode body, a diffusion layer for connecting the positive electrode body to the base electrode, an external electrode on the base electrode, and an external electrode connected to the negative electrode layer. The solid electrolytic capacitor reduces the number of components and processes to reduce its cost and to have a small size, and has a small equivalent series resistance and a small equivalent series inductance.

As electronic apparatuses operate at higher frequencies, capacitors used in the electronic apparatuses are required to have lower impedance at higher frequencies. To meet this requirement, solid electrolytic capacitors employing conductive polymer having higher conductivity has been developed.
Solid electrolytic capacitors to be used around CPUs of personal computers are required to have a large capacitance and a small size, and further, to have a small equivalent series resistance (ESR) at high frequencies as well as a low equivalent series inductance (ESL) for preferable noise reduction and transient response properties.
FIG. 21A is a sectional view of a conventional solid electrolytic capacitor disclosed in Patent Document 1. FIG. 21B is a sectional view of capacitor 501 at along line 21B-21B shown in FIG. 21A. Solid electrolytic capacitor 501 includes stacked plural capacitor elements 111 having a plate shape. Each capacitor element 111 includes positive electrode body 112 made of aluminum foil as valve metal foil, and a dielectric oxide layer provided on a surface of positive electrode body 112. The surface of positive electrode body 112 is roughened. Resist 113 having an insulating property is provided on the dielectric oxide layer, and separates positive electrode body 112 into positive electrode section 114 and a negative electrode deck. A solid electrolytic layer made of conductive polymer is provided on the dielectric oxide layer at the negative electrode deck. A negative electrode layer including a carbon layer and a silver paste layer is provided on the solid electrolytic layer, thus providing negative electrode section 115. In capacitor elements 111 having a plate shape, positive electrode sections 114 and negative electrode sections 115 are arranged along a longitudinal direction of the capacitor element.
Positive common terminal 116 is connected to positive electrode sections 114 of capacitor elements 111, and includes flat section 116A and connector section 116B that is formed by bending upward both sides of flat section 116A. Positive electrode sections 114 of stacked capacitor elements 111 are mounted to flat section 116A. Connector section 116B is bent to cover plural capacitor elements 111. A tip of connector section 116B is welded to positive electrode section 114 with laser beam.
Negative common terminal 117 is connected to negative electrode sections 115 of capacitor elements 111, and it has flat section 117A having negative electrode sections 115 mounted thereto. Flat section 117A and negative electrode section 115 are bonded together with conductive adhesive 118A. Negative electrode sections 115 of plural capacitor elements 111 are bonded together with conductive adhesive 118B.
Insulating package resin 119 covers capacitor elements 111 integrally such that a portion of positive common terminal 116 and a portion of negative common terminal 117 are exposed outside. The portion of positive common terminal 116 and the portion of negative common terminal 117 exposed outside are bent along package resin 119 to the bottom of package resin 119 as to form positive terminal section 116D and negative terminal section 117B, respectively, thus providing surface-mounting solid electrolytic capacitor 501.
The tip of connector section 116B of positive common terminal 116 and positive electrode section 114 of capacitor element 111 of solid electrolytic capacitor 501 are irradiated with a laser beam simultaneously, so that connector section 116B can be welded stably to positive electrode section 114.
Conventional solid electrolytic capacitor 501 thus requires positive common terminal 116 and negative common terminal 117 in order to cover stacked capacitor elements 111 with package resin 119, so that the number of components and the number of processes increase, hence increasing cost and preventing the capacitor from having a small size. Further, the distance between positive terminal 116D and negative terminal 117B as well as connected sections thereof prevents the capacitor having a small ESR and a small ESL.
FIG. 22 is a sectional view of another conventional chip solid electrolytic capacitor 502 disclosed in Patent Document 2. Positive lead-wire 412 made of tantalum wire is embedded in capacitor element 411 which is formed by press-molding powder of tantalum metal, i.e. valve metal, to have a cylindrical column shape with a press-mold die. Reinforcing section 411A having a conical shape protruding from the outer periphery of capacitor element 411 to positive lead-wire 412. The press-molded tantalum metal powder is sintered to be a porous positive electrode body, and then, is anodized, thereby providing a dielectric oxide layer on the surface of the positive electrode body. A solid electrolytic layer made of conductive polymer is formed on the dielectric oxide layer. Then, negative electrode layer 413 made of carbon and silver paint is formed on the surface of the solid electrolytic layer.
Positive lead-terminal 414 is welded to positive lead-wire 412. Negative lead-terminal 415 is connected to negative electrode layer 413 with conductive adhesive 416. Insulating package resin 417 covers capacitor element 411 such that a part of positive lead-terminal 414 and a part of negative lead-terminal 415 are exposed from an outer surface of the resin. Those parts exposed from the surface are bent along package resin 417 from the sides to the bottom of package resin 417 to form external terminals 414A and 415A, thus providing surface-mounting chip solid electrolytic capacitor 502.
Conventional chip solid electrolytic capacitor 502 includes reinforcing section 411A having conical shape and protruding from the outer periphery of capacitor element 411 to positive lead-wire 412. When the positive electrode body is produced by press-molding, tantalum metal powder tends to flow into reinforcing section 411A, and increase a density of the tantalum metal powder locally within reinforcing section 411A and at the vicinity thereof. This structure holds positive lead-wire 412 more steadily, and increases resistance of wire 412 against external load applied to wire 412. This structure prevents the dielectric oxide layer from cracking and breaking, and allows reliable chip solid electrolytic capacitor 502 to be steadily manufactured.
Conventional chip solid electrolytic capacitor 502 includes capacitor element 411 including positive lead-wire 412 connected with positive lead-terminal 414, and negative electrode layer 413 of element 411 connected with negative lead-terminal 415 to form external terminals 414A and 415A. This structure increases the number of components of capacitor 502 and the number of processes, hence increasing its cost and preventing the capacitor from having a small size. The lengths of external terminals 414A and 415A as well as connected sections of the terminals prevent eth capacitor form having small ESR and ESL.    Patent Document 1: JP2003-289023A    Patent Document 2: JP2005-085779A