A flat picture tube including a glass vessel which is internally evacuated, a heater installed inside the glass vessel for emitting heat electrons, a plurality of anodes extended in one direction and disposed at a constant interval on one inner plane of the glass vessel for absorbing the heat electrons, a plurality of fluorescent units disposed on the plurality of anodes in a matrix shape for radiating depending on heat electrons absorbed to the anodes, and a plurality of control grids extended perpendicularly to the anode extended direction and disposed in a constant interval for controlling the absorption of the heat electrons toward the anodes operates in a matrix digital method and does not necessitate an electron gun nor deflection yokes, thereby reducing the volume thereof. In the case of a 20 inch picture tube, the maximum thickness thereof is only 5 cm so that it can be adopted for a wall television. Also, since a high-voltage power is not required, the overall power consumption is lowered. Also, the resolution is increased owing to its 2100 horizontal lines, compared with a conventional 19 inch color picture tube having 600 lines.

The present invention relates to a picture tube for casting an image, and more particularly, to a flat picture tube which is plane-shaped.
Generally, a picture tube casts an image by radiating a luminescent material utilizing emitted heat electrons.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional color picture tube.
As shown in FIG. 1, the conventional color picture tube is constituted by an electron gun 1, deflection yokes 3 and 4, a shadow mask 6, a fluorescent plane 5 and a high-voltage power supply 7.
The electron gun 1 having three primary color red, green and blue electron guns emits red, green and blue electron beams 8.
The deflection yokes 3 and 4 converge the red, green and blue electron beams 8 emitted from the electron gun 1 into one spot of the shadow mask 6.
The shadow mask 6 having a plurality of holes formed inside the fluorescent plane 5 makes the electron beams 8 emitted from the electron gun 1 pass through one hole to emit to the fluorescent plane 5.
The fluorescent plane 5 is radiated by the electron beams 8 passed through the shadow mask 6 such that red, green and blue luminescent materials are uniformly distributed on a curved glass plane 2.
The high-voltage power supply 7 absorbs electrons used for radiating in the fluorescent plane 5 and supplies a high-voltage power to the electron gun 1.
When the high-voltage power is supplied from the high-voltage power supply 7, the red, green and blue electron gun 1 heats an internally disposed heater (not shown) to emit heat electrons and the emitted heat electrons are controlled by a plurality of grids (not shown) to then be emitted as electron beams 8.
The red, green and blue electron beams 8 emitted from the red, green and blue electron gun 1 are converged into a hole of the shadow mask 6 by means of the deflection yokes 3 and 4 to pass therethrough.
The red, green and blue electron beams 8 passing through the hole of the shadow mask 6 impinge on the red, green and blue fluorescent material of the fluorescent plane 5 to then be radiated.
However, since the conventional color picture tube should necessarily require the electron gun 1 and deflection yokes 3 and 4, the volume thereof becomes larger. Also, since high-voltage power should be supplied for emitting electron beams 8, the electricity consumption becomes higher.


The present disclosure relates to back reamers having bases including leading ends that can be connected to a drill string and trailing ends that can be connected to product desired to be pulled through a bore being backreamed. The back reamers also include reaming components that are detachably secured to the bases.

The process known as horizontal directional drilling is utilized to install a variety of underground utilities in a manner that does not disrupt the surface. In use, a drill machine is used drill a pilot bore that extends beneath the ground surface from an entry hole at the ground surface (i.e., a starting point) to an exit hole at the ground surface (i.e., an ending point). The pilot bore is drilled by rotating and pushing a ground engaging tool (e.g., a drill bit) that is attached to the end of a drill rod. The length of the pilot bore is extended by stringing multiple rods together to form a drill string. The direction of drilling can be controlled (i.e., the drill string can be "steered") by various techniques to control the depth of the pilot bore as well as the location of the exit hole. The location of the drill string, after the pilot bore is completed, represents the desired location of the utility to be installed.
After the pilot bore is drilled, the drill bit is typically removed and a second ground engaging tool installed onto the end of the drill string. This tool is typically known as a backreamer. Its function is to ream the drilled bore to a diameter sufficient to allow installation of the utility. To provide a reaming function, the backreamer is typically pulled back through the pilot bore by the drill string as the drill string is withdrawn from the pilot bore. Often times the utility being installed is attached with a swivel located at the end of the backreamer such that the utility is pulled into the reamed bore immediately behind the backreamer. In this way, the act of withdrawing the drill string will simultaneously result in the installation of the utility.
The type of utilities installed typically includes telecommunications, power, water, natural gas, liquid gas pipelines, potable water pipes and sewers. Due to this large variety of utilities, there is a large variety in the size requirements for the final reamed borehole, and thus a wide range of backreamer sizes is required.
Different styles of backreamers are typically used for different soil conditions. A backreamer, for instance, designed to operate effectively in a sandy soil, will not operate effectively in a heavy clay. Backreamers capable of boring through rock are significantly different than those used for either sandy soils or clay. In the situations where the borehole passes through rock, multiple passes of backreamers of sequentially larger diameter may be required to achieve the desired final borehole size. Examples of various backreamers can be found in; U.S. Pat. No. 6,250,403; U.S. Pat. No. 5,921,331; U.S. Pat. No. 5,687,807; U.S. Pat. No. 4,754,526; U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,964; U.S. Pat. No. 5,390,750.
The cutting elements of back reamers often experience high wear rates, while other portions of the back reamers are not exposed to equivalent wear conditions. Thus, modular backreamers have been developed to minimize repair costs. Examples of such backreamers are disclosed in US20020108785; US20020088649; U.S. Pat. No. 6,386,298; U.S. Pat. No. 5,979,574; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,979,573.
Although various types of cutting elements are used, many back reamers for boring rock utilize rolling cutters mounted on bearings. Several designs have been developed to minimize the costs of maintaining these rolling cutters, examples are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,509,607; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,708,786.
In order to be able to adapt in a timely manner, the operator of the drill machine needs a variety of backreamers on-hand. The cost of each individual backreamer is significant, thus the inventory costs of backreamers is potentially substantial. There is a need for a backreaming system that provides improved flexibility with a reduced investment.


A display device includes a display part that displays images on a front surface, a board attachment material configured to support the display part from a rear surface that is opposite the front surface of the display part, and a circuit board attached in the board attachment area on the non-electroconductive surface side of the board attachment material. The board attachment material includes a non-electroconductive surface having no electroconductivity placed on the rear surface side, an electroconductive surface having electroconductivity placed on a side opposite to the non-electroconductive surface side, and a board attachment area on the non-electroconductive surface side. A non-board attachment area of the non-electroconductive surface of the board attachment material is exposed to an outside.

In the past, display devices with circuit boards mounted on a circuit board mounting material have been known. Such display devices have had disadvantages in that it is difficult to ground the circuit board when the side of the board mounting material whereon the circuit board is attached lacks electroconductivity.
Accordingly, in the past, display devices have been proposed (see for example Cited Patent Document 1) whereby grounding of the circuit board is enabled even when the surface of a board mounting material where the circuit board is mounted does not have electroconductivity,
The aforementioned Cited Patent Document 1 discloses an image display device provided with a circuit board mounted on a plastic frame (board mounting material) comprised of plastic resin having electroconductivity. In such an image display device, a special grounding fitting is provided for the purpose of electrically connecting the ground pattern of a circuit board with a metal plate provided on the interior of the image display device, and a circuit board mounted on the board mounting device is grounded through the grounding fitting.


The present invention provides an energizable ophthalmic lens system capable of wirelessly interfacing with an external device. The energizable ophthalmic lens system may dynamically interact with a specified external device, wherein a user may operate one or more functionalities within the external device through the energizable ophthalmic lens system. The external device may be able to recognize eye gestures, which may comprise deliberate eye and lid movements. The external device may operate a functionality within the ophthalmic lens system, wherein the operation may be based on information received from the ophthalmic lens system. The ophthalmic lens system may comprise at least one energizable ophthalmic lens. Multiple ophthalmic lenses may be preferable where the functionality of either or both the ophthalmic lens system or the external device may occur based on relative position data or communication between lenses.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to methods, apparatus, and devices associated with ophthalmic lenses that may interface with an external device, including, for example, smartphones, televisions, or laptop computers. More particularly, the present invention relates to an energizable ophthalmic lens system that may dynamically interact with the functions of an external device with a screen and an operating system.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Traditionally, an ophthalmic device, such as a contact lens, an intraocular lens, or a punctal plug included a biocompatible device with a corrective, cosmetic, or therapeutic quality. A contact lens, for example, may provide one or more of vision correcting functionality, cosmetic enhancement, and/or therapeutic effects. Each function is provided by a physical characteristic of the lens. A design incorporating a refractive quality into a lens may provide a vision corrective function. Pigmentation incorporated into the lens may provide a cosmetic enhancement. An active agent incorporated into a lens may provide a therapeutic functionality. Such physical characteristics may be accomplished without the lens entering into an energized state.
Recently, active components have been included in a contact lens, and the inclusion may involve the incorporation of energizing elements within the ophthalmic device. The relatively complicated components to accomplish this effect may derive improved characteristics by including them in insert devices, which may then be included with standard or similar materials useful in the fabrication of state of the art ophthalmic lenses.
The prevalence of handheld electronic devices with screens and operating systems, including, for example, tablets, smartphones, and eReaders, have prompted an evolution of interfacing mechanisms. For example, some early handheld devices were not operated by interacting with the device screen and often required a stylus pen to interface with a device input pad. Later models included fully interactive screens, allowing users to interface with the device using their fingers or stylus pens.
Similarly, the methods of interacting with non-handheld devices, such as a desktop computer or television, have also evolved to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse population of computer users. For example, some computers had adaptive features to allow quadriplegic users to operate the device, often through use of cameras that could detect eye movements.
Recently, handheld devices have incorporated similar adaptive technology to allow for convenient hands-free operation. However, the integration of eye-tracking technology into a handheld device is very limited. The eye-tracking technology generally utilizes a camera within the device, which may cause misleading eye movement cues, since a handheld device is inherently portable. The combination of device movement, eye movement, and head movement may lead to inconsistent commands.
The control based on eye-movement is limited in functionality as well. Currently, some devices allow for basic scrolling operation, wherein the device recognizes that a user has reached a perimeter of the device screen and that the information on the page extends beyond that perimeter. Some devices recognize when a user has turned away from the device screen, wherein the device will pause the media until the user has returned to viewing the device screen.
Accordingly, there is a need for a more accurate and dynamic eye tracking mechanism, which may allow for broader interfacing capabilities. The tracking and interfacing mechanisms may allow an energizable ophthalmic lens to interface with a range of external devices, including hand-held or non-hand-held devices. Accordingly, it may be desirable to improve the process, methods, and devices for interfacing with an external device. It may be anticipated that some of the solutions for effectively interfacing with an external device through energizable ophthalmic lenses may provide novel aspects for non-energized devices and other biomedical devices. Novel methods, devices, and apparatus relating to communication between an energized ophthalmic lens and an external device are therefore important.

Ophthalmic lens system capable of interfacing with an external device


A hose clip which comprises a flexible strap adapted to be placed around a selected portion of a hose and to be tightened around such selected portion by turning a bolt or screw. An elongated concavo-convex strip-shaped resilient insert is adjacent a portion of the internal surface and extends in the circumferential direction of the strap opposite the mechanism which serves to increase or reduce the effective length of the strap. The convex external surface of the insert is biased in a direction away from the adjacent portion of the internal surface of the strap by one or more springs which are disposed between the insert and the strap and are of one piece with the insert. At least one end of the insert is slidable along the strap. The spring or springs ensure that the strap does not become loose as a result of aging of the material of the adjacent portion of the hose.

The invention relates to hose clips in general, and more particularly to improvements in hose clips of the type disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,115,541 granted May 26, 1992 to Stichel for "Hose clip".
The patent to Stichel discloses a hose clip wherein an elongated flexible strap can be placed around a selected portion of a hose (e.g., around that portion of a hose which surrounds a nipple) to be thereupon tightened around the hose in order to establish a sealing connection between the hose and the part which is received in the confined portion of the hose. An arcuate insert is installed between a portion of the internal surface of the strap and the adjacent portion of the external surface of the hose, and such insert is biased against the hose by one or more discrete springs which react against the internal surface of the strap and bear against the external surface of the insert. This ensures that the spring or springs can compensate for aging of the material of the hose, i.e., that the seal between the hose and a nipple or the like remains intact for extended periods of time. One end of the insert can be affixed to and the other end of the insert is slidable along and in the circumferential direction of the strap. The curvature of the internal surface of the insert equals or approximates the curvature of the non-overlapped portion of the internal surface of the strap. The flexibility of the insert preferably matches or approximates the flexibility of the strap.
The spring or springs which operate between the insert and the strap are separately produced parts which must be assembled with the insert or with the strap before the insert is positioned adjacent a selected portion of the internal surface of the strap. This contributes to the manufacturing cost as well as to assembly cost of the hose clip. In addition, it is necessary to maintain in storage large numbers of spare springs, either of a single type or of two or more different types.


A measuring apparatus (1) for contactless detection of a distance between a surface (7) of a measurement object (8) and the measuring apparatus (1), and for simultaneous contactless visual detection of the surface (7), has a measuring head (2) holding a distance measuring device (4), a camera apparatus (5) and an illumination device (6), the illumination device (6) illuminating an operating point (9) on the surface (7) of the measurement object (8) that is simultaneously focused by the camera apparatus (5) and the distance measuring device (4). On an optical axis (10), between the illumination device (6) and the operating point (9), a mirror and filter device (11), that has at least one dichroic mirror (12) that transmits or reflects light beams as a function of wavelength, and thereby splits light reflected by the operating point (9) between the distance measuring device (4) and the camera apparatus (5), is provided.

1. Field of Endeavor
The present invention relates to a measuring apparatus for contactless detection of a distance between a surface of a measurement object and the measuring apparatus, and for simultaneous contactless visual detection of the surface.
2. Brief Description of the Related Art
During the operation of a gas turbine, the most strongly loaded gas turbine blades of the first stage are exposed to hot gas temperatures of above 1400° C. For their protection, these are therefore provided with metallic anti-oxidation layers and, frequently, additionally with ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). A reliable operation of the turbines over typical intervals can be ensured with the aid of these protective layers even under extreme conditions of use. However, after these intervals it is chiefly the anti-oxidations layers that are consumed, and they no longer offer adequate protection, and so the turbine blade has to be removed and replaced. Because of the high value of such a turbine blade, repair, and thus a recycling of the components, are of great commercial interest. The protective layers can in this case be renewed by firstly removing the consumed layers by a chemical process, and thereupon coating the turbine blades anew. As in the case of the initial production, it is mostly plasma spraying methods that are applied. However, in the case of reconditioning it must be ensured that the original properties of the turbine blades are retained, a key role being played by the internal cooling system of the turbine blade, formed in particular by a complex network of interlinked bores and cooling channels. The restoration of this cooling system is mandatory for the turbine blades strongly loaded by the action of hot gas, in order to be able to release the turbine blades for a further operating interval. However, during the coating of used turbine blades the problem occurs that the originally open cooling air bores are stopped by the renewed coating with the metallic anti-oxidation layer or with the ceramic thermal barrier coating, the result being that the cooling of the turbine blades is drastically worsened and no longer satisfies the operating requirements. For this reason, a special machining process is required for reopening such stopped cooling channels.
The reconditioning process for opening the cooling air bores sealed during the recoating requires the detection of cooling hole positions and orientations. The general result in this case, particularly for conically opening cooling air bores, is depressions that can be detected by means of a distance measuring device.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,667,458 B1 discloses a system and a method for determining a specific distance between a laser system and a surface of a workpiece. The system includes an optical apparatus for focusing the laser beam on the surface of the workpiece, and a mirror device that deflects radiation reflected by the workpiece to a distance measuring device. The distance measuring device can be a conoscope, for example. The distance measuring device is connected to a control device that is designed for positioning the workpiece, that is to say for varying a distance between the measuring system and the workpiece. In this case, the known system detects only a distance between the surface of the workpiece and the measuring system.


A fluorescent red-orange retroreflective article includes a polymeric matrix and at least one fluorescent dye added in an amount that provides the article with a red-orange color under daytime lighting conditions. The article also includes cube corner elements disposed at a back side of the polymeric matrix. The article can exhibit a retroreflectivity of at least 350 or 500 cd/(lux·m2), and a brightness Y of at least 20, 30, or 35. The article can exhibit a color within a preferred red-orange color space bounded by CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.560, 0.380), (0.580, 0.355), (0.633, 0.366) and (0.610, 0.390).

The present invention relates to retroreflective sheeting, and more particularly to such sheeting that exhibits a fluorescent red-orange color.
It is known that fluorescent colors can provide increased conspicuity, particularly under low natural lighting conditions. Fluorescent colors provide enhanced conspicuity because the visual contrast that fluorescent colors create with the environment is greater than non-fluorescent articles. High visibility products such as traffic signs and the like have been manufactured which employ fluorescent yellow and red colors.
High visibility is also desirable for safety apparel, such as rainwear, coveralls, outerwear, polar shirts, and high visibility vests, and for other high visibility applications such as temporary road signs and the like. These products require a compliant high gloss reflective sheeting, with a red-orange color. Fluorescent red-orange is defined by the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system as falling within a range of chromaticity coordinates (x, y) defined by (0.610, 0.390), (0.535, 0.375), (0.570, 0.340) and (0.655, 0.344) according to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard for high-visibility safety apparel and the European high visibility standard EN471.
Despite the desirability of fluorescent red-orange apparel and signs for increased visibility and safety, a true fluorescent red-orange product with acceptable brightness and retroreflectivity properties has been difficult to formulate. Current products for safety apparel that fall within the fluorescent red-orange color range are products sold by 3M Company of St. Paul, Minn. as 3M™ Scotchlite™ Reflective Material High Gloss Trim (and High Gloss Film), as well as a blaze-orange product manufactured by Reflexite Corporation of Avon, Conn. and W-7514 Fluorescent Orange retroreflective sheeting manufactured by Avery-Dennison Corporation of Pasadena, Calif. While these products fall within the red-orange color coordinates, they tend to suffer from an unimpressive level of retroreflectivity, daytime brightness, or a combination thereof. A red-orange retroreflective product that can provide greater brightness and retroreflectivity would be a substantial advancement to the state of the art.

Fluorescent red-orange retroreflective sheeting


The present disclosure relates to thermal temperature measurement and facial recognition and discloses a gate mate comprising a detection passage system integrating temperature measurement and facial recognition, the gate mate comprises a face imaging camera lens, a thermopile sensor, a TOF (time-of-flight) optical ranging lens module, and an environmental temperature compensation module. The face imaging camera lens is used to detect and recognize human face and detect whether a front face of a measured person faces the face imaging camera lens. The thermopile sensor is used to detect a temperature of a forehead of the measured person and an environmental temperature. The TOF optical ranging lens module is used to detect a distance between the human face and the thermopile sensor. The environmental temperature compensation module is used to perform temperature compensation.

With the continuous development of artificial intelligence (AI) in face detection and facial recognition technology, people have higher and higher requirements for intelligent passing equipment. How to pass efficiently, quickly, conveniently, accurately, and safely has become the basic requirement of intelligent passing equipment. The existing intelligent passing equipment based on AI facial recognition can realize basic passing detection but has no temperature measurement function. During the outbreak of the new coronavirus, there is an urgent need to be able to obtain the body temperature of the human body while realizing the pass detection based on the face, so as to achieve effective epidemic prevention and control and to achieve strict match of the body temperature of every passing person. Existing thermal imaging temperature measurement systems are relatively independent temperature measurement devices that do not have face detection and facial recognition functions, cannot automatically match human and body temperature, and must rely on humans. In this way, when a patient with a fever is found, it is impossible to trace back and search based on the face and finally find the person.
The existing techniques does not have a passing detection system that integrates intelligent passing and temperature measurement. When an epidemic occurs, it is impossible to quickly and effectively obtain the person and the person's body temperature information. It can only be matched manually, which increases workload and even makes the task impossible.

Gate mate comprising detection passage system integrating temperature measurement and facial recognition


A semiconductor device comprises an IC chip body and a package substrate that has thereon many external electrodes arranged in a two-dimensional grid configuration. Groups of signal lines that are likely to emit noise (noisy signal lines) are separated and spaced apart from groups of signal lines that are susceptible to noise (noise susceptible signal lines). Each of the noisy signal lines and noise susceptible signal lines is connected to an associated member of an associated IC pad group separated and spaced apart from other IC pad groups. Further, each of the noisy signal lines and noise susceptible signal lines is connected to an associated member of an associated external electrode group selected from the multiplicity of external electrodes arranged in a two-dimensional grid configuration on the package substrate. Thus, groups of potentially interfering signal lines are mutually separated and spaced apart from one another, thereby suppressing the noise.

Nowadays, various semiconductor devices such as semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs) are manufactured as independent semiconductor parts. These semiconductor devices are used in various kinds of electronic apparatuses. Such semiconductor device has a chip including semiconductor ICs (the chip hereinafter referred to as IC chip body) packaged in such a way that the ICs can be connected to external devices via external terminals provided on the device.
The IC chip body is provided with many electrode pads (hereinafter simply referred to as IC pads). Each of the pads is connected to an associated external terminal. In recent years, however, a method of connecting the pads to the external terminals has been increasingly changed from conventional one that utilizes flat-pack type QFP (Quad Flat Package) or SOP (Small Outline Package) that utilizes lead terminals, to one that utilizes a ball grid array (BGA) structure.
A chip-size package (CSP) has been also in use that is based on a similar connection technique utilizing BGA. The CSP has substantially the same outside dimensions as the IC chip body used. In a CSP structure, pads are provided on one side of a substrate for use in packaging the ICs (hereinafter referred to as package substrate), each pad facing an associated pad of the IC chip body. Provided on the other side of the package substrate are ball-shaped external electrodes arranged in a two-dimensional lattice (or grid). The pads are respectively connected to associated external electrodes on the package substrate (See, for example, Japanese Patent Early Publication No. H10-50922).
Each of the external electrodes of the CSP has a ball-shaped solder bump and arranged in a two-dimension array over a predetermined area of the underside of the semiconductor device. Thus, the CSP can be formed thin and compact in size close to the size of the chip. Further, the CSP can be mounted on the surface of a printed-circuit board.
In a semiconductor device having a conventional QFP structure, the external electrodes are arranged at substantially the same locations as the pads of the IC chip body. Therefore, if a signal line that is likely to interfere with other signal lines exists, the interference can be reduced by simply laying out the IC pads not to incur such interference.
In a semiconductor device having a grid array structure, many external electrodes are arranged in a two-dimension lattice. In this case also, if signal lines exist that are likely to incur interference with other signal lines when located in close proximity, pads for these signal lines are separated and spaced apart from one another, thereby suppressing possible interference. However, under a certain layout of numerous external electrodes in a two-dimensional lattice of on a package substrate, a case may arise where some of the external electrodes can come in close proximity to one another, though the IC pads connected to these external electrodes are separated and spaced apart. As a consequence, a problem arises then that signal lines that can interfere when located in close proximity are actually come in close proximity.

Semiconductor device and electronic apparatus equipped with the semiconductor device


A golf stance alignment device positioned on the ground between a golfer and a golf ball to be hit with a golf club. The device has a slotted member placed between the golfer's feet pointing toward the golf ball. Connected to the slotted member are a first cross member and a second cross member. The second cross member is adjustable relative to the first cross member in order to accommodate different club lengths and stances. The cross members are held perpendicular to the slotted member by rectangular groove engagement and spring loading between members. Springs hold the cross members engaged with the slotted member when the device is used, but permit disengagement for folding the cross members parallel to the slotted member for compact storage in a special storage tube. The ends of the first cross member are hinged for aiming and storage purposes.

In the teaching of golf and in the practice thereof, one of the most important fundamentals is the alignment of the body to the target to which the golf ball is intended to be hit. Proper foot placement with respect to a line between the golf ball and the target is the key to body alignment. Such foot placement is commonly referred to as a "golf stance".
A number of golf stance indicators and alignment aids have been invented. However, there is a noticeable absence of such devices from the market. This absence is believed due the complexity and cost of earlier inventions and their general lack of convenience.
Prior art golf stance indicators and alignment aids generally lack the ability to be compactly stored as assembled devices in modern golf bags. They typically require disassembly for storage in a golf bag pocket. When used, prior art golf stance indicators must first be reassembly and adjusted, thereby being inconvenient to use.
Many golf stance indicators and alignment aids have construction features which make them prohibitively expensive for mass marketing. They are typically made of metal and have special thumbscrew brackets which enable adjustment. They often have indicia stamped along their lengths to facilitate repeat setups. Some even have electronic feedback systems to indicate body weight shift during the golf swing. While the designs of the more complex indicators and alignment aids suggest that they offer greater accuracy and training benefits their lack of convenience and their overall cost/benefit negatives have resulted in only limited purchase and use by the average golfer.
Some golf stance indicators and alignment aids have golf ball tees built into them. When the golfer miss-hits a ball, the golf club may strike the alignment device. Such devices must be constructed to absorb such abuse without damage. A more convenient and less expensive design locates the golf ball a short distance away from the alignment device so that the ball can either be hit off the grass or off a separate tee, without damaging the alignment device.
The aiming member of almost all prior art golf stance indicators and alignment aids is simply a bar lying on the ground. The golfer is expected to stand above this bar and point it in the direction of the target. This aiming method is no better than merely laying a golf club on the ground pointed in the direction of the target. What is lacking is a sighting feature, such as two vertical members which can be aligned parallel to and coincidental with the target, typically a flagstick on the golf green.


A method for localization and monitoring of living being targets in an environment comprise: transmitting (302) a sequence of radio frequency waveforms, the waveforms being a continuous-wave waveform modulated in frequency and/or phase; detecting (304) a sequence of reflected waveforms being reflected by a target and Doppler-shifted due to a movement of the target, forming (306) a sequence of waveform transforms, wherein the waveform transform comprises discretized information in a plurality of range bins, and wherein the information in a single range bin corresponds to reflections occurring at a specific sector in the environment; analyzing (308) information for a single specific sector in a sub-sequence of the sequence of waveform transforms, and determining (310) movement of a target in the specific sector based on the waveform transform information for that specific sector during a time period corresponding to the sub-sequence.

In recent year, contactless health monitoring has become an increasingly hot topic. For that reason, radar techniques are of high interest as it offers contactless monitoring. Radar techniques have been investigated e.g. for vital signs monitoring, fall detection, localization, etc.
The radar techniques may utilize a Doppler shift that is caused by mechanical movements of heart and chest (lungs) in order to determine vital signs. Also, a Doppler shift may be used for determining speed of a target, which could be used e.g. for distinguishing normal movements from falls, such that fall detection may be performed.
However, performing contactless health monitoring using radar techniques in a real-life environment is very difficult. Reflected signals from a target need to be differentiated from reflected signals from other objects, such as stationary objects, in the environment. Also, if multiple targets are present, the reflected signals from different targets need to be differentiated from each other. Furthermore, determining a mechanical movement of heart and chest, to determine vital signs, may be impossible for a target which is moving through the environment.
In Z. Peng et al, "A Portable FMCW Interferometry Radar With Programmable Low-IF Architecture for Localization, ISAR Imaging, and Vital Sign Tracking", IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 1334-1344, 2016, a sensor is disclosed which incorporates frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) and interferometry (Doppler) modes, which enables the system to obtain both absolute range information and tiny vital signs (i.e. respiration and heartbeat) of human targets. For the interferometry mode, a low-intermediate-frequency modulation method is implemented to avoid the slow vital signs from being distorted by high-pass filter. Two-dimensional scanning in a complex environment revealed that the proposed radar was able to differentiate human targets from other objects. Moreover, inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images were used to isolate human targets from surrounding clutter. However, the ISAR images constitute isolated images of moving target positions at a specific moment in time and, in order to track a target, it is required to compute a plurality of ISAR images and identify the target in each of the ISAR images. Hence, tracking of a target is complicated. Further, it is required to change mode of the sensor if vital signs are to be determined, which implies that tracking and determination of vital signs may not be combined.

Method and a system for localization and monitoring of living being targets


Leveling arms for a low profile room air conditioner which are pivotally mounted to a side of an air conditioner housing at an inner end and have an arcuate slotted opening adjacent an outer end. A threaded fastener or clamping bolt is threaded into the air conditioner housing and extends through the arcuate opening. The threaded fastener is loosened to allow the position of the associated arm to be adjusted. The arms have an inner surface providing a series of radial teeth which mesh with like teeth on the outer surface of the housing when the threaded fastener is tightened, thereby retaining the arms in the desired position.

This invention relates to air conditioning equipment suitable for residential use, and especially to room air conditioners of the type adapted for installation in an outside window opening. More particularly, the invention relates to the construction of a room air conditioner that minimizes the obstruction it causes to the view and to entry of natural daylight through the window in which it is mounted while at the same time having a relatively small intrusion into the interior space.
Room air conditioners currently available are generally designed for mounting on the window sill of a window frame with double-hung sash-type windows. The air conditioning unit is generally mounted in cantilever fashion in the window opening defined by the window sill, the bottom rail of the lower sash (partly opened), and the adjacent window jambs.
In most of these units, the height of the air conditioner is considerable and the unit may obstruct as much as thirty percent or more of the window area. This, of course, causes a substantial loss of natural daylight and also interferes with the view provided by the window. Several attempts have been made to reduce this problem, and some of these have included separating the evaporator heat exchanger and fan physically from the condenser heat exchanger and fan. This approach results in a rather complex and cumbersome unit, with certain inefficiencies including the need for two separate motors for the respective heat exchanger fans.
Another approach is to include a downwardly extending enclosure portion located on the outside of the window so that the compressor and motor, condenser heat exchanger and fan can be positioned so as to extend significantly below the horizontal level of the window sill. While this may provide a partial solution, the need to provide adequate space for the evaporator heat exchanger still requires a substantial blockage of the window area.
Typical of the patents that have addressed this problem are the following:
______________________________________ 2,198,500 3,543,533 2,391,859 3,548,611 2,682,159 3,552,139 2,737,788 3,602,006 3,448,590 ______________________________________
Another problem that presents itself in the installation of room air conditioners is the difficulty in mounting the unit in a level position in view of the slope formed by the surface of the sill.
While the sill may be sufficiently wide to define mounting structure and to accommodate a significant part of the weight of the unit, the slope that is provided for moisture run-off makes it difficult to achieve a level mounting.
The low profile room air conditioner of the present invention reduces the difficulties and disadvantages described above and affords other features and advantages heretofore not obtainable.


This rotating electric machine includes: a rotor having a shaft; a stator formed around the rotor; a seal ring formed around the shaft and having a plurality of through holes; a gland seal formed so as to surround the seal ring and having an oil feed port; and a partition plate formed between the seal ring and the gland seal, wherein the partition plate is formed at a position opposed to the oil feed port and is fixed to an upper wall and a lower wall in an axial direction of the gland seal, and the partition plate has a reinforcing plate at such a position as not to obstruct the oil feed port, the reinforcing plate being fixed to a side wall of the partition plate on a gland seal side and being in close contact with a circumferential wall of the gland seal.

In conventional rotating electric machines such as turbine generator, gas such as hydrogen is used as a cooling medium for cooling the inside.
The cooling medium is sealed in the rotating electric machine by a shaft seal device using a seal ring (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 5).
In the shaft seal device, oil is supplied through an oil feed pipe to a backside chamber behind the seal ring. The oil then moves toward the inner circumferential side of the seal ring.
In such a structure, the temperature of the back surface of the seal ring decreases at a part near an oil feed port. Since the seal ring cannot expand, an oil film surrounding the shaft is thinned at a part near the oil feed port, so that the temperature of the oil film increases. The temperature increase of the oil film causes damage on the seal ring.
In order to prevent this, a partition plate is provided at a position opposed to the oil feed port, in the gland seal. Thus, the back surface of the seal ring is prevented from being locally cooled near the oil feed port (see, for example, Patent Document 6).

Rotating electric machine and rotating electric machine production method


A condensate reservoir for a charge air cooler of an engine has one or more inlets for receiving condensate from the charge air cooler, and a chamber for collecting the condensate from the charge air cooler. The condensate reservoir is configured to be in thermal communication with an exhaust gas recirculation duct of the engine such that thermal energy from the exhaust gas recirculation duct may be transferred to the condensate reservoir to vaporize the condensate collected in the chamber.

Modern engines may be turbocharged or supercharged to compress the air entering the engine and thereby increase the power output of the engine. However, compressing the air may increase the temperature of the air. In this respect, a charge air cooler (CAC) may be provided to cool the air and increase its density. The potential power output of the engine may be further increased as a result.
However, condensate may form in the CAC, particularly when the ambient air temperature is low, or during humid or wet weather conditions. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) may also contribute to condensation. Condensate may collect at the bottom of the CAC, or in the internal passages. When the air flow rate is increased, e.g. to provide an increase in torque, the increased air flow rate may carry the condensate from the CAC, drawing it into the engine. Also, if a vehicle is tilted, e.g. when going downhill or over a bump, condensation in the CAC may be disturbed and enter the engine. The likelihood of engine misfire and combustion instability may be increased as a result.
Accordingly, some systems may include a CAC with a drain angle allowing condensate to drain into the engine, thereby preventing accumulation within the CAC. However, providing the CAC with such a drain angle may introduce design and packaging problems that increase cost, reduce vehicle performance and may even compromise the safety of the vehicle.


A rotary file includes: (a) a body having first and second ends, and an outer surface comprising at least one cutting edge; (b) a shank extending from the first end of the body which is adapted to be mounted in a rotary tool; and (c) a pilot extending from the second end of the body, the pilot defining an annular peripheral surface with an arcuate cross-section.

This invention relates generally to machine tooling and more particularly to apparatus and methods for deburring operations.
Currently many machined features, such as those found on aircraft engine parts, are deburred manually. This leads to inconsistencies in the finished feature size and shape. With the introduction of requirements for stricter process control, highly stressed features require automated deburring processes to ensure consistency. Because of the difficulty machining aviation materials, many of these features come out of the primary machining operations with large burrs that must be removed with carbide cutters (e.g. rotary files). The difficulty with automating these processes is removing the burr without removing parent material. The burr size varies from part to part and the location of the feature can also vary making it impossible to program a specific toolpath to remove only the burr.
The state of the art for this application is to use an automated probe to determine the contours of the machined feature and then through adaptive machining morph an existing CNC toolpath to cause a deburring tool to follow the feature and remove the burr. Unfortunately this it is a very costly solution which requires additional maintenance support. It can also be very difficult at times to probe the feature without probing the burrs, causing errors in the toolpath.


Provided is a piston type compressor which can enhance cooling of internal parts housed in a crank chamber, while effectively reducing an outflow of oil to the outside of a compressor by effectively performing a centrifugal separating operation due to the rotation of a shaft. The compressor includes: a first suction path which directly introduces a working fluid flowed from a suction port 30 into suction chambers 27a, 27b without via the crank chamber 7; and a second suction path which introduces the working fluid flowed from the suction port 30 into the suction chambers 27a, 27b via the crank chamber 7, and the second suction path includes: an oil separation passage 32 where a working fluid is introduced into the suction chambers 27a, 27b from the crank chamber 7 via holes formed in the shaft; and a bypass passage 33 where the working fluid is introduced into the suction chambers 27a, 27b from the crank chamber 7 through the cylinder blocks 1, 2 without via the shaft 12.

In a compressor used in a refrigerating cycle, when oil flows out to an external cycle from the compressor, not only is a shortage of oil in the compressor brought about, but also the oil circulates in a cycle together with a refrigerant thus giving rise to a drawback that refrigerating efficiency is lowered.
To avoid such a drawback, the applicant of the present application previously proposed a compressor having the constitution where a working fluid is introduced into a suction chamber from a suction port through a crank chamber. To explain the constitution of the compressor, in a shaft which penetrates the crank chamber, at least an axial hole and a side hole are formed. The axial hole extends along the axial direction of the shaft, and the side hole communicates with the axial hole, extends along the radial direction of the shaft and opens to the crank chamber. A working fluid which flows into the crank chamber is introduced into the suction chamber through at least the side hole and the axial hole, and by making use of a centrifugal separating operation generated due to the rotation of the shaft, any oil in the working fluid which flows into the suction chamber from the crank chamber is separated when the working fluid flows through the side hole opening to the crank chamber (see patent document 1).
However, in such constitution, in an attempt to introduce a total quantity of working fluid flowed from the suction port into the suction chamber by allowing the working fluid to pass through the side hole and the axial hole formed in the shaft, a flow speed of the working fluid becomes fast at an inlet of the side hole formed in the shaft so that the centrifugal separating operation does not function effectively. Accordingly, oil mixed into the working fluid is sucked out to the suction chamber and, eventually, a quantity of oil discharged to the outside of the compressor cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
In view of the above, the applicant of the present application has proposed the constitution where, in addition to a suction path where a working fluid which flows into a crank chamber is allowed to pass through a shaft and is introduced into a suction chamber, there is provided another suction path where the working fluid which is sucked from a suction port is introduced into the suction chamber without via the crank chamber so that a part of the sucked working fluid is made to pass through the inside of the shaft from the crank chamber and a remaining part of the sucked working fluid is directly introduced into the suction chamber (see patent document 2).
Due to such constitution, a flow speed of the working fluid which is sucked from a side hole formed in the shaft slows down so that a sufficient oil separation function can be acquired.


A method for producing a copper/palladium colloid catalyst useful for Suzuki couplings.

Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a colloid catalyst.
The Suzuki reaction for cross-coupling of organic electrophiles, such as aryl halides, diazonium salts or triflates, with boronic acids or boronate esters is a reaction utilized in the formation of carbon-carbon bonds in the synthesis of organic compounds such as biaryls, as illustrated below. The reaction is also employed in the synthesis of agrochemicals, polymers, and pharmaceutical intermediates. The Suzuki reaction may also be utilized in the preparation of charge transporting molecules such as triarylamines. For example, the reaction may be used to prepare hole transporting molecules for photoreceptors and organic light emitting diodes ("OLEDs").


To provide a light source assembly that does not use a printed circuit board and can be manufactured at a low cost even when produced in small quantities, a light source assembly according to the present invention comprises a plurality of light sources and a connective conductor structure extending in a direction of arrangement of the light sources to join the light sources, wherein the connective conductor structure is formed by cutting off parts of a substantially plate-like patterned conductor as required, the patterned conductor being provided with a prescribed pattern. Thus, by changing the parts to be cut off in the patterned conductor, it is possible to manufacture light source assemblies having various light source connection patterns in a single manufacturing line, allowing efficient and low cost manufacture of the light source assemblies to be achieved even when the light sources are manufactured in small quantities.

Light emitting apparatuses having a plurality of light sources arranged on a surface of a holder are used not only in general illumination but also in various usages such as advertisement, decoration, signaling and the like. In order to form such a light emitting apparatus, it may be conceived to use bullet-type LED light sources having lead wires and a printed circuit board formed with through-holes into which the lead wires of the light sources are inserted and a conductor pattern for transmitting electric power to the light sources, and to connect the lead wires of the light sources to the conductor pattern of the printed circuit board by means of flow soldering.
Such a structure that utilizes a printed circuit board as a holder of the light sources can bring about an economic benefit when manufactured on a large scale. However, in a case that a variety of light emitting apparatuses having different light source arrangements and connection patterns are produced in small quantities, it can rather lead to a higher manufacturing cost. Further, contact with the molten solder in the soldering process will expose the printed circuit board to a high temperature, and this is undesirable to LEDs, which can be easily damaged by heat. Further, the solder typically contains lead, and thus the use thereof necessitates environmental measures. It may be conceived to use a leadless solder, but the leadless solder is higher in price as well as in melting temperature, which can worsen the detrimental effects of heat against the LEDs. Furthermore, the printed circuit board makes it difficult to arrange the light sources on a curved surface. In the case that flexible conductive wires are used to connect light sources, the process of connection may become cumbersome and this can lead to a higher manufacturing cost. The printed circuit board also has a problem that recycling thereof is quite difficult because the printed circuit board has unitary wirings and support board.
To provide a light emitting module without a printed circuit board and solder, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-106634 has disclosed to connect a plurality of LEDs between an anode bus bar and cathode bus bar by means of mechanical engagement. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-316531 has disclosed a light emitting module comprising a plurality of bus bar pairs, a plurality of LEDs attached between each bus bar pair, and flexible joints for electrically and mechanically connecting adjacent bus bar pairs, so that a three-dimensional configuration of the light emitting module is possible. In these laid-open publications, however, there is no disclosure regarding a light source assembly that can allow easy selection of various light source connection patterns and yet can be manufactured with high production efficiency, nor is there a disclosure regarding a manufacturing method therefor.

Light source coupler, illuminant device, patterned conductor, and method for manufacturing light source coupler


Provided is an apparatus and method for detecting a traffic flooding attack and conducting an in-depth analysis using data mining that may rapidly detect a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack, for example, a traffic flooding attack, developed more variously and firmly from a denial of service (DoS) attack, perform an attack type classification, and conduct a semantic analysis with respect to the attack. The apparatus and method may support a system operation and provide a more stable service, by rapidly detecting a traffic flooding attack, classifying a type of the attack, and conducting a semantic analysis based on a prediction and analysis scheme of data mining.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for detecting a traffic flooding attack and conducting an in-depth analysis using data mining that may rapidly detect a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack, for example, a traffic flooding attack, developed more variously and firmly from a denial of service (DoS) attack, perform an attack type classification, and conduct a semantic analysis with respect to the attack.
2. Description of the Related Art
A traffic flooding attack represented by a denial of service (DoS)/distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack refers to an attack to make a normal service unavailable by depleting resources of a target network and computer system. Since such a traffic flooding attack may cause an incalculable amount of damage to a business, there is a demand for a security technology for rapidly detecting and handling a malicious access, an intrusion, and the like.
Conventional packet collecting methods for detecting a DoS/DDoS attack may enable a detailed analysis of an attack to be conducted. However, an expensive high-performance analysis system may be required and an extendibility in terms of installation and management may be insufficient.
In order to resolve such issues, a n intrusion detection methodology using management information base (MIB) information in a simple network management protocol (SNMP) is attracting attention. A traffic flooding attack detection using SNMP MIB information may be performed using a relatively small amount of system and network resources for collecting MIB information, and be provided with standardized network performance data. Accordingly, it is possible to support rapid and effective detection, when compared to a packet-based detection method.
A method of detecting a DDoS attack using SNMP MIB information may be classified into a protocol trend analysis, a diurnal traffic trend analysis, a method using a correlation between a specific attribute and attribute information in the MIB, and the like. However, most such methodologies have been used in a system developed depending on a function and property of an attack tool used for tests, and may have a disadvantage in that the entire algorithm is to be newly revised each time a new type of attack or tool is found.
According to recent research on study literatures, a number of interesting intrusion is detection systems using machine learning techniques and SNMP MIB information have been published, for example, a system for converting SNMP data into a probability density function and determining whether an intrusion occurs using a backpropagation-based artificial neural network, a system for detecting anomaly traffic in mobile adhoc networks by applying SNMP MIB information to a Bayesian classifier, a system for detecting an intrusion using an anomaly detection algorithm based on a principal component analysis, a system for detecting a traffic flooding attack and performing an attack classification using a support vector machine, and the like. However, such studies have the goal to solve the disadvantages of a traditional DDoS detection methodology so that they may overlook the advantages of a traditional methodology. In other words, the above mentioned machine learning methodology has been holding its ground only in the construction of an efficient system. It overlooked the mechanical interpretation on the system mechanism and it turned the core execution mechanism into a black-box. Therefore, more comprehensive system, even though it is rather heuristic, that can consider the hermeneutic advantages of traditional DDoS detection methodology is deemed to be desirable.
Accordingly, herein, although it is a heuristic methodology, a more comprehensive system considering hermeneutic advantages of the conventional DDoS detecting methodology may be suggested. A system for detecting a traffic flooding attack and performing an attack classification using SNMP MIB information, based on a C4.5 algorithm, in a decision tree corresponding to a representative prediction and classification model of data mining, may be designed and implemented. In addition, a semantic in-depth analysis for extracting and analyzing features included in the SNMP MIB information regarding the traffic flooding attack and the attack type in a form of a rule using association rule mining corresponding to a representative hermeneutic analysis model of the data mining may be conducted after a feature selection and reduction is performed using attribute subset selection with respect to the SNMP MIB information as data pre-processing. Automatic rule extraction and semantic in-depth interpretation of specific rules out of traffic flooding attacks and their data by attack is also expected to provide a positive possibility and to give a momentum for the development of new methodologies for the intrusion detection systems as well as a theoretical ground for intrusion detection and response system.

Apparatus and method for detecting traffic flooding attack and conducting in-depth analysis using data mining

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE


Various techniques are provided for Location Services (LCS) Assistance Data broadcast, for example for implementation in LTE and LTE-A systems. The embodiments described herein may use the LPP/LPPe positioning protocol, by making use of existing unsolicited Provide Assistance Data (PAD) messages. Embodiments avoid the need to define and implement a separate broadcast Assistance Data protocol. Additional exemplary embodiments for scheduling and verifying of the broadcast Assistance Data messages are described herein.

Location Services (LCS) provided by or in association with wireless networks can be useful or essential to many applications—for example to locate a user engaged in an emergency call, to obtain navigation (e.g. driving directions), to locate nearby friends or facilities and to track valuable objects and assets.
The Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless access interface is a standard in the mobile phone network technology tree, developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), that also produced the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) network technologies. The LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) is the protocol defined by 3GPP to support LCS in a wireless network based on LTE with capabilities to locate a User Equipment (UE). LPP extensions (LPPe) is a positioning protocol developed by the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) that extends LPP to support location for access types in addition to LTE as well as adding further position methods applicable to both LTE and other wireless access types such as GSM, UMTS and WiFi. LPP may be used by itself in an LTE network or may be combined with LPPe to support LCS in LTE and/or other networks. In the latter case, the combined protocol may be referred to as LPP/LPPe.
Current 3GPP defined technology uses point-to-point positioning protocols such as LPP and LPP/LPPe to support LCS. The use of point-to-point protocols may result in significant signaling and processing requirements on both the network and UEs and difficulty in providing adequate location support for all UEs accessing a network. Furthermore, while delivery of LCS Assistance Data via broadcast has been standardized for GSM and UMTS access, it has not been deployed. One reason for this is additional implementation impact—e.g. to network base stations, Location Servers and UEs. A second reason is that the broadcast Assistance Data standards are based on an old 3GPP Release (Release 98 completed in 1999) and do not contain any Assistance Data enhancements defined since then. A third reason is that some broadcast systems, such as those already defined to support GSM and UMTS broadcast location Assistance Data, have limited bandwidth and cannot broadcast large amounts of Assistance Data (e.g. GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) ephemeris data) with a low latency. However, broadcast location Assistance Data remains potentially useful to avoid the overhead and delay in obtaining assistance data by point to point means (e.g. using LPP or LPP/LPPe). The problem is to define it in a manner that would be suitable for implementation and with adequate performance for receiving devices.

Verifying generic broadcast of location assistance data


In a motorcycle, a seat member includes a rider seat section and a pillion section which is continuous to a rear portion of the rider seat section and the article storage device is arranged below the seat member. The article storage device comprises an article storage box as a body of the storage device disposed below the seat member and an article access port formed to the article storage box and opened upward in an installed state of the storage box. A recessed portion protruding upward is formed at a central portion of a bottom surface of the article storage box, the bottom surface has a front side portion in front of a top portion of the recessed portion is inclined forward downward and the bottom surface also has a rear portion at the rear of the top portion of the recessed portion inclined rearward downward. The article access port has a rear edge portion positioned at the rear of the top portion of the recessed portion.

The present invention relates to an article storage device of a motorcycle.
In a motorcycle, particularly, of a scooter type, an article storage device or compartment of box structure having a large capacity capable of storing or accommodating a large article such as a helmet or the like is provided below a seat formed so as to be opened and closed. As conventional examples of an article storage device (or box) of the type mentioned above, there are, for example, structures shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. HEI 1-148679, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication No. HEI 1-58388 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. HEI 6-156344.
In such conventional examples, the article storage box disposed below the seat is formed of synthetic resin in shape of a bottomed container having an article access port opened above, and the storage box is provided with an article access port having an opening area which is equal to or more than an area of a bottom surface of the storage box so as to provide a taper shape narrowed in the whole structure towards the lower portion thereof. This is because of intending to make simple a die to be used and improve a draft property at a time of forming the storage box, as well as to enable the storage boxes to be stacked, and hence, improve a transferring efficiency thereof.
However, in a scooter type motorcycle, independent frame covers are provided in both sides of the article storage box, and each of the frame covers is formed so as to be expanded in a width direction towards the lower portion thereof in order to cover both side portions of a power unit installed below the storage box in a standing attitude. Therefore, an unnecessary dead space is formed between the storage box having a taper shape narrowing towards the lower portion and the frame cover having the width expanded towards the lower portion. Furthermore, the dead space will be easily formed in front of and at the rear of the storage box, and hence, the article storage box is made small in storing capacity in comparison with an outer appearance.
Furthermore, in order to accommodate a helmet or like article in the storage box, it is necessary to align the bottom surface area of the storage box with a size of the helmet. However, since the storage box is formed in the downward narrowed taper shape, an opening area of the article access port becomes larger than the size of the helmet, and it is unavoidable that the seat closing the article access port becomes necessarily large scaled, so that not only a sitting feeling (a step-over easiness) and a foot placing property of a rider and a passenger are deteriorated, but also a design of the motorcycle will be damaged.
On the contrary, in the case of increasing the capacity of the article storage box, in particular, increasing a longitudinal size of the storage box so as to make it possible to accommodate or store an article having a long size or scale such as tennis racket or umbrella, it is hard to place the helmet and the other small articles at a fixed position within the storage box, thus providing another disadvantage such that these articles roll within the storage box and the article itself and an interior portion of the storage box will be damaged.
In such case, a hook or the like member may be provided within the storage box to prevent the article, such as the helmet or the like, from rolling and the article is fastened and fixed by using a rope, a net or the like. However, in the case of storing a large article, there is a fear that the hook protruding in the storage box damages the article.
An object of the present invention is to substantially eliminate defects or drawbacks encountered in the prior art mentioned above and to provide an article storage device of a motorcycle capable of effectively utilizing a dead space in an interior portion of a motorcycle (vehicle) body and improving a productivity of an article storage box while maintaining an increased capacity of the storage box without deteriorating a sitting feeling and a foot placing property of a rider and a passenger.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an article storage device of a motorcycle capable of preventing an article such as helmet, small article and the like from rolling within the storage box and accommodating a long article such as umbrella while making it easy to access the article, as well as safely forming a hook within the storage box.
The above and other objects can be achieved according to the present invention by providing, in one aspect, an article storage device of a motorcycle in which a seat member has a structure including a rider seat section and a pillion section which is continuous to a rear portion of the rider seat section and the article storage device is arranged below the seat member, the article storage device comprising:
an article storage box as a body of the storage device disposed below the seat member; and
an article access port formed to the article storage box and opened upward in an installed state of the storage box, the article access port being opened and closed by opening and closing the seat member,
wherein the article storage box is arranged to a rear portion of a vehicle body of the motorcycle and above a rear wheel, a recessed portion protruding upward is formed at a central portion of a bottom surface of the article storage box for preventing an interference with the rear wheel, the bottom surface has a front side portion in front of a top portion of the recessed portion inclined forward downward, the bottom surface also has a rear portion at the rear of the top portion of the recessed portion inclined rearward downward, and the article access port has a rear edge portion positioned at the rear of the top portion of the recessed portion.
In accordance with the structure mentioned above, the bottom surface of the storage box is formed to provide a recessed portion (shape), an interior portion of the storage box is separated into a front half portion and a rear half portion on the boundary of the top portion of the recessed portion, and the article such as helmet, small article and the like respectively accommodated in the front half portion and the rear half portion are prevented from rolling in a longitudinal direction due to the location of the recessed portion. Further, since the article access port is opened rearward from the top portion of the recessed shape, it becomes easy to access the article accommodated in the rear half portion of the storage box.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an article storage device of a motorcycle in which a seat member has a structure including a rider seat section and a pillion section which is continuous to a rear portion of the rider seat section and the article storage device is arranged below the seat member, the article storage device comprising:
an article storage box as a body of the storage device disposed below the seat member; and
an article access port formed to the article storage box and opened upward in an installed state of the storage box, the article access port being opened and closed by opening and closing the seat member,
wherein the article storage box has an inner shape so that front side and rear side two full-faced helmets are longitudinally arranged in a state of directing upper portions thereof upward, the two helmets are respectively accommodated so as to direct, in attitudes, a bottom edge portion forward downward and direct bottom edge portions thereof rearward downward and the rear edge portion of the article access port is positioned so that at least a front portion of the rear side helmet faces an external portion.
In accordance with the structure mentioned above, since the front and rear two helmets are accommodated within the storage box in the state of directing the bottom edge portion downward, the front side helmet and the rear side helmet are respectively accommodated within the article storage box in the forward tilted attitude and the backward tilted attitude, it is possible to effectively prevent each of the helmets from rolling and to reduce a height of the storage box, that is, a height of the seat so as to improve a sitting feeling and a foot placing property of a passenger, and the rear side helmet can be easily accessed.
In a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an article storage device of a motorcycle in which a seat member has a structure including a rider seat section and a pillion section which is continuous to a rear portion of the rider seat section and the article storage device is arranged below the seat member, the article storage device comprising:
an article storage box as a body of the storage device disposed below the seat member; and
an article access port formed to the article storage box and opened upward in an installed state of the storage box, the article access port being opened and closed by opening and closing the seat member,
wherein the article storage box comprises an upper box half body having the article access port and a joint opening portion opened downward and a lower box half body having a bottom surface and a joint opening portion opened upward and the respective joint opening portions are aligned and bonded with each other, the upper box half body is formed in a shape expanding downward towards the joint opening portion from the article access port, the lower box half body is formed in a shape expanding upward towards the joint opening portion from the bottom surface, and an opening area of each of the joint opening portions is made larger than an opening area of the article access port and an area of the bottom surface of the article storage box.
In accordance with the structure mentioned above, no dead space is formed between the storage box and frame covers attached to both sides thereof and in front and at the rear of the storage box, and a capacity of the storage box can be increased. Furthermore, since the article access port is not expanded in correspondence to an increase of capacity of the storage box, it is possible to prevent the size of the seat from being increased and it is possible to improve a sitting feeling and a foot placing property of a rider and a passenger. Moreover, a productivity of the storage box can be improved.
In preferred embodiments of the above aspects, the joint opening portions of the upper and lower box half bodies are formed with engaging flanges so as to protrude towards outer peripheral sides thereof, and the upper and lower box half bodies are integrally assembled by mating and bonding the upper and lower engaging flanges to each other and then gripping and fixing the same from the outer peripheral side thereof by means of a clamp member.
The pillion section is connected to the rear portion of the rider seat section to be higher by one stage and the article storage box is arranged below the pillion section, a protruding portion is formed to a front end portion of the article storage box so as to extend downward of the rider seat section, and a lid member for separating an interior space of the protruding portion from another space in the article storage box is formed therein so as to be opened and closed.
The lid member is provided to be independent from the article storage box and an article holding portion for holding the article in the protruding portion is integrally formed to the lid member.
The article storage box is formed with an expanded portion at a rearmost portion of the article storage box in a longitudinal direction thereof so as to protrude outside the rear edge portion of the article access port.
The interior of the article storage box is divided into a front half portion and a rear half portion so as to accommodate two full-faced helmets respectively in a state of directing top portions thereof upward, and an upper portion of at least the rear side helmet is pressed by the bottom plate of the seat member.
The interior of the article storage box is divided into a front half portion and a rear half portion so as to accommodate two full-faced helmets respectively in a state of directing top portions thereof upward, the respective helmets are defined in attitudes so that the front side helmet is directed forward the pillion section in a state that a vertical axis thereof is inclined forward and the rear side helmet is directed rearward the pillion section in a state that a vertical axis thereof is inclined rearward, and a height of a portion of the pillion section corresponding to a portion above a valley-like space formed between the front and rear helmets in a side view of the bottom plate of the pillion section is made lower than a height of a portion corresponding to a portion above the top portions of the front and rear helmets.
A plurality of recesses for accommodating hooks are formed to the bottom surface of the article storage box, the hooks are placed in the hook accommodation recesses, and a height of the hooks is equal to or lower than a height of the bottom surface of the article storage box. The hook is provided to be rotatable between an upright position and a tilt-down position thereof in the hook accommodation recess, to protrude from the bottom surface of the article storage box at an upright position and to retract below the bottom surface of the article storage box at a tilt-down position.
According to the above preferred embodiments, in addition that a bonding structure and a bonding operation between the joint opening portions of the upper and lower box half bodies can be made simple, the bonding portions are made compact so as to be useful for increasing a capacity of the storage box.
It is possible to effectively use the dead space, and the small article can be held and prevented from rolling by providing the protruding portion to the storage box and the lid member in the front end of the storage box. The long scaled article can be also accommodated by opening the lid member. Furthermore, the article storage box can be effectively formed and assembled.
The capacity of the storage box can be increased by utilizing the dead space formed in the rear portion of the storage box in the conventional structure as a usable storage space. Further, the article access port does not become large.
Still furthermore, it is possible to securely position the rear side helmet in cooperation with a rearward downward inclination of the bottom surface of the bottom portion of the storage box.
It is also possible to reduce the height of the pillion seat, increase a cushioning capacity (thickness) of the pillion seat and improve a sitting feeling and a riding quality of a passenger by longitudinally inclining the vertical axial directions of two helmets received in front and at the rear of the interior portion of the storage box.
Furthermore, there is no fear that the hooks get in the way at a non-use time of the hook, and the article is damaged, and it is possible to secure a large capacity of the storage box by making shallow the depth of the hook storage recess portion.
The nature and further characteristic features of the present invention will be made more clear from the following descriptions made with reference to the accompanying drawings.


A galley waste collection system for a passenger transport vehicle having a vacuum sewage collection system includes a basin for receiving galley waste and a normally-closed discharge valve connected between the outlet opening of the basin and the sewer pipe of the vacuum sewage collection system. A flush element is responsive to operation by a user of the galley waste collection system to issue a discharge command, and a control unit operates selectively in response to the discharge command to open the discharge valve.

This invention relates to a system for collecting and disposing of galley waste in a passenger transport aircraft.
Many passenger transport aircraft currently in service have vacuum toilet systems, in which toilet waste is transported to a waste-holding tank by pressure difference between the aircraft cabin and a vacuum sewer.
A passenger aircraft may include a galley area for food and beverage service. Food service in a passenger transport aircraft is usually accomplished using trays, each bearing the utensils and food items for a complete meal, which are loaded into the aircraft at the start of a flight. The trays are themselves accommodated in special purpose trolleys, each of which may contain several tens of trays. At the start of a food service interval, a flight attendant rolls the trolleys along the aisle and dispenses the trays, with their meals, to the passengers. At the end of the food service interval, the flight attendant retrieves the trays, with unconsumed food items, from the passengers, puts the trays back in the trolley, and rolls the trolley back to the galley area. The flight attendant disposes of liquid waste through a basin which is located in the galley and has an outlet connected through a gray water interface valve to the aircraft drain mast. The liquid from the basin accumulates upstream of the valve, and when the head of the liquid upstream of the valve reaches a certain threshold level, the interface valve opens and the liquid passes through the interface valve to the drain mast and is dumped out of the aircraft.
Solid food waste should not be disposed of through the galley basin because solid objects in the food waste can interfere with closing of the gray water interface valve, with the result that liquid can continue to flow to the drain mast when the valve is nominally in its closed condition. This flow of liquid, which is typically mainly water, may be at a sufficiently low rate that the liquid freezes in the drain mast. Consequently, the drain mast is blocked and the basin is no longer functional. In this case, there is a possibility of liquid backing up upstream of the blockage in the drain mast, even as far as the galley basin, contaminating the galley and causing a public health hazard.
In the case of an aircraft equipped with a vacuum toilet system, the flight attendant may dispose of solid food waste by flushing down one of the toilet bowls of the vacuum toilet system, so that the waste is collected in the holding tank. This is not an optimum solution to the problem of disposal of solid food waste because it interferes with use of the toilet compartment by the passengers. Also, there is a possibility of contamination of the galley by waste containers that have been taken into the toilet compartment.
It is an object of the invention to provide a galley waste disposal system by which solid food waste can be disposed of in a sanitary and convenient manner.

System for collecting and disposing of aircraft galley waste


An interleaving operation can scramble (permute) a data stream, or each dimension (set of symbols (a, b, c, . . . )) in a data stream, immediately following FEC encoding or dimension multiplexing of the data stream. Bursts of errors might be combined with the permuted data before, during, or after transmission. A de-interleaver reorders the received symbols and, in the process, spreads (separates) the bursts of errors. Also, using the multi-dimensional interleaving and de-interleaving can balance SNR on each channel. Spreading the errors and/or balancing SNR can keep bursts from overwhelming the FEC decoder or an FEC decoder in any one channel. In one example, interleaving and de-interleaving can be used to scramble data over Ethernet twisted wire pairs. In another example, interleaving and de-interleaving can be used to scramble data or information broadcast via wireless telecommunications channels (e.g., radio frequency channels, multi-antenna channels, etc).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to data interleaving systems used in communications systems.
2. Background Art
Multi-dimensional communications is a technique used to transmit a single high rate (speed) data stream (e.g., gigabit data speeds or rates) as multiple lower rate data streams between first and second communications devices. Each dimension is represented by symbols or bits (an, bn, cn, . . . ) in the data stream. The high rate data stream is multiplexed into multiple lower rate data streams, for example one data stream per symbol or bit, prior to transmission from the first communications device. Each of the lower rate data streams is transmitted over an independent channel. The multiple channels are often referred to as dimensions in a high order signaling scheme. The data stream having lower rate parallel data streams is received at the second communications device and is multiplexed back into a single high speed data stream to recover the transmitted data. Examples include physically independent channels, such as the multiple conductor (e.g., wire) pairs in a Cat 5 unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable, or electrically independent channels, such as the multiple carriers in a frequency domain multiplex (FDM) system.
Forward error correction (FEC) is used to detect and correct transmission errors that can occur during transmission of the lower rate data streams. If errors occur in bursts (e.g., groups), FEC may not be able to handle the burst and may fail to correct the errors. This may be true even though the average error rate is within the correction capability of the FEC. Burst errors can occur in the transmission channel or can be the result of signal processing, such as error propagation from decision feedback equalization or the inner code of concatenated FEC.
Time domain interleaving is a technique for spreading out bursts of errors so that the peak error rate more closely approximates the average error rate. This is important because FEC algorithms are most effective when processing average error rates, but can be much less effective when processing bursts of errors. Although time domain interleaving can be used to break up the bursts, time domain interleaving can have high latency. Latency usually refers to how long a system must wait until data starts to flow, while throughput usually refers to a speed of data flow. Thus, although throughput may be high in time domain interleaving, the latency can be relatively long. The long latency can become a problem in two-way communications systems, such as telecommunications, Ethernet, Internet, Intranet, etc, which can limit applications that utilize interleaving causing degraded FEC effectiveness.
Time-domain interleaving approaches (e.g., convolutional, block, etc.) use large memories that store data in natural order and read out data in permuted order. The time-domain approach adds an inherent latency that is proportional to the interleaving depth. Also, the use of time-domain interleaving is precluded in applications that cannot tolerate large latency. Thus, latency sensitive applications, such as voice and other two-way interactive channels, cannot make use of time-domain interleavers to combat burst errors in conventional systems.
Additionally, the noise characteristics of physically independent channels in a multi-channel system may not be identical. The error rate will be bounded by the channel with the lowest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) even when the remaining channels have higher SNR.
Therefore, what is needed is an interleaving system and method that substantially reduces latency, balances SNR of independent channels, and maintains high throughput in a communications system that uses FEC.

Multi-dimensional data interleaving communications system


A thermally tunable pixel element includes a substrate; a thermally tunable filter island; a thermal absorption structure in direct thermal contact with and extending beyond the thermally tunable filter island; and a thermal isolation structure providing a thermally isolating path between the thermal absorption structure and the substrate.

The market for thermal imaging systems is large and growing quickly, and is driven by military, security, medical, construction, and automotive markets. Thermal imaging systems typically image thermal wavelengths that scenes at "normal" environmental temperatures, e.g., room or body temperature, radiate. Useful wavelengths for imaging applications include those that the atmosphere readily transmits, and that are not overwhelmed by radiation of the same wavelength from the sun. Thus, thermal imaging systems typically image long wavelength infrared radiation (LWIR), e.g., wavelengths in the range of 7 to 15 microns, that a scene radiates.
Systems that image long wavelength infrared radiation from scenes include narrow-bandgap semiconductor photodetector arrays, which typically require cryogenic cooling, and uncooled microbolometer arrays. These kinds of systems are typically so expensive as to make them inaccessible for the majority of commercial and consumer markets. Additionally, the low yield in producing the array elements for these kinds of systems, and the resulting high cost of manufacturing them, makes it impractical to build high-resolution systems for any but the most cost-insensitive uses.

Pixel architecture for thermal imaging system


This invention provides a piston in which the moving piston unit can be prevented from rotating with respect the base piston unit, while suppressing the increase of the sliding resistance the piston has with respect to the cylinder. The circumferential wall of the moving piston unit has a pair of skirt parts opposing each other across a piston boss and a pair of side-wall parts coupling the skirt parts and each having an outer circumferential surface concaved toward the central axis X1 of the piston. The side-wall parts have a penetration part each, which penetrates the side-wall part and extends in the directions the moving piston unit reciprocates with respect to the base piston unit. The base piston unit has rotation preventing projections that project perpendicular to the central axis of the piston and are inserted into the penetration parts.

A piston has hitherto been proposed, which comprises an outer piston (moving piston unit) and an inner piston (base piston unit). The inner piston is a component not integral with the outer piston, and has a piston boss to which a connecting rod may be coupled. The outer piston is able to reciprocate with respect to the inner piston. The piston of this type has a rotation preventing structure that prevents the outer piston from rotating with respect to the inner piston.
More specifically, the outer piston has a circumferential wall part all surrounding the inner piston. A hole is made in the circumferential wall. Through the hole and the piston boss, a rotation preventing member extends, preventing the outer piston from rotating with respect to the inner piston. The wall appears like a hollow cylinder. Such a technique is disclosed in, for example, JP H06-17665A.

Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha


The present invention provides the following method for forming a multilayer coating film. The method comprises forming an uncured coating film of a specific primer paint composition (A) on a substrate, forming a top coating film of a specific top paint composition (B) on the uncured coating film, and simultaneously drying the films. The primer paint composition (A) is a paint composition comprising an epoxy resin (a1), a rust preventive pigment (a2), a color pigment (a3), and an extender pigment (a4); and the top paint composition (B) is a paint composition comprising an acrylic resin (b1) and an active methylene blocked polyisocyanate compound (b2).

A coating method called a wet-on-wet process is known. In this method, a primer paint composition is applied to a substrate, after which a top paint composition is applied thereto without drying the primer paint composition, and then the two coating films are simultaneously dried; thus, this method can reduce steps.
A wet-on-wet coating method has recently been used to reduce steps for coating industrial machinery or construction machinery, such as bulldozers, hydraulic excavators, and wheel loaders. However, the wet-on-wet coating method used for industrial machinery or construction machinery has the problems disclosed in Items 1 to 3 below.
1. In drying a coating film, heat in a drying furnace is not sufficiently transferred due to large heat capacity of a substrate; thus, the curability of the coating film is not sufficient. Accordingly, it has been difficult to obtain a coated article having excellent appearance and corrosion resistance by a wet-on-wet coating method including fewer drying steps.
2. Since construction machinery or industrial machinery has many perpendicular portions, uncured coating films may sag due to wet-on-wet coating, and the appearance will be unstable in some portions.
3. Since construction machinery or industrial machinery is used outside, coating film curability, corrosion resistance, weatherability, etc., are required.
Patent Literature 1 discloses a coating method using a wet-on-wet process, wherein an undercoating paint composition comprises an acrylic resin, epoxy resin, isocyanate compound, and surface adjusting agent; a top paint composition comprises an acrylic resin, isocyanate compound, and surface adjusting agent; and the value Δγ (γ1−γ2) obtained by subtracting the value (γ2) of the surface tension of the top paint composition from the value (γ1) of the surface tension of the undercoating paint composition is 2 to 8 mN/m.
Patent Literature 2 discloses, in addition to the conditions disclosed in PTL 1, a method for forming a coating film in which an undercoating film and a top coating film have a lamellar length of 4 mm or less.
However, the coated articles obtained by the methods for forming a coating film disclosed in PTL 1 and 2 have poor appearance, corrosion resistance, weatherability, or chemical resistance; accordingly, improvement has been desired.

Method for forming multilayer coating film