Methods of controlling a cooling unit and embodiments of a cooling unit are disclosed. A method of improving efficiency of the cooling unit includes detecting a degree of opening of a hot gas bypass valve configured to divert a portion of coolant from a compressor to a heat exchanger of the cooling unit, and adjusting a condenser discharge pressure based on the detected degree of opening. Aspects may increase cooling efficiency at partial cooling requirements. Fluctuations in refrigerant pressure at low cooling capacities and condenser medium inlet temperature may be avoided. Minimum condenser water inlet temperature for a water-cooled cooling unit may also be reduced.

1. Field of Disclosure
Embodiments may relate generally to devices and methods for cooling a room, such as a data center, equipment room or wiring closet. More specifically, aspects of the present disclosure may relate to cooling systems and methods used to cool equipment housed by racks and enclosures.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Over the years, a number of different standards have been developed to enable equipment manufacturers to design rack mountable components that can be mounted in standard racks offered by different producers. An exemplary industry standard is commonly referred to as a "nineteen inch" rack, used extensively in data centers and other large facilities. With the proliferation of information technology, it is not uncommon for a data center to contain hundreds of these racks. Further, with the ever decreasing size of computer equipment, and in particular, computer servers and blades, the number of electrical devices mounted in each rack has been increasing, raising concerns about adequately cooling the equipment.
Previously, in certain configurations, data centers have been cooled by computer room air conditioner ("CRAC") units that are typically hard piped, immobile units positioned around the periphery of the data center room. These CRAC units intake air from the fronts of the units and output cooler air upwardly toward the ceiling of the data center room. In other embodiments, the CRAC units intake air from near the ceiling of the data center room and discharge cooler air under a raised floor for delivery to the fronts of the equipment racks. The rack-mounted equipment typically cools itself by drawing air along a front side or air inlet side of a rack, drawing the air through its components, and subsequently exhausting the air from a rear or vent side of the rack. A disadvantage of the CRAC-type air conditioning system is that cool air is mixed with the room temperature air, which is inefficient.
Heat produced by rack-mounted equipment can have adverse effects on the performance, reliability and useful life of the equipment components. In particular, rack-mounted equipment, housed within an enclosure, may be vulnerable to heat build-up and hot spots produced within the confines of the enclosure during operation. Airflow requirements can vary considerably as a result of different numbers and types of rack-mounted components and different configurations of racks and enclosures. Users of electronic equipment may add, remove, and rearrange rack-mounted components as their needs change and new needs develop. Furthermore, the amount of heat generated by a rack of equipment is dependent on the amount of electrical power drawn by equipment in the rack during operation. Cooling requirements may therefore vary over time.


A set of acoustic components having complementarily tessellated shapes such that they may be nested together to constitute a rectangular parellelepiped, suitable for efficient storage and shipping. Each component also has a flat side. The shape set is further defined such that many aesthetically attractive, sculpture-like configurations may be created through installation of the components on a flat surface of a building such as a wall or ceiling, while substantially modifying the acoustic properties of the building feature. Acoustically absorptive, reflective, and diffusive components can be used in combinations with each other in order to achieve desired acoustic treatment of the building feature. Several methods of fabrication of the acoustic components are disclosed.

There are numerous types of rooms and spaces where acoustical behavior is important. They include any space where an audience will listen to a live musical performance or the spoken word, or where an audience will listen to pre-recorded audio programs. They also include more specialized spaces that are used for recording audio or for monitoring previously recorded audio material.
As a result, acoustical performance is a critical component in recording studios, recital halls and auditoriums, movie theaters, legitimate theaters, music listening rooms, home theaters, music practice rooms, houses of worship, audio and video production rooms, and a variety of other related types of facilities.
The behavior of sound within these rooms is an essential aspect of their function. That behavior depends on the volume of the enclosed space, the shape of that space, and the acoustical characteristics of the surfaces and materials within the space.
Surface treatments can affect the sound that strikes them in three ways: 1) they can reflect the sound, changing its direction of travel, 2) they can absorb the sound, which attenuates the amount of sound within the space, or 3) they can diffuse the sound, spreading out the acoustic energy over time and/or space.
The characteristic acoustical response of a surface varies with the frequency of the incident sound. For example, a surface that is almost completely absorptive to sound at 2000 Hertz (Hz) may be almost completely reflective to sound at 50 Hz. Designers, contractors, and owners of acoustical spaces select surface treatments to enhance the acoustical environment. The selection process involves determining the desired type of surface treatment, its acoustical characteristics with respect to frequency, its placement within the space, its orientation to the possible sources and receivers of sound, and its relationship to the other surfaces within the space and their respective finishes.
Surface treatments can be selected to affect specific reflection paths, or can be chosen based on their influence on the overall acoustical characteristics of the space. The application of these surface treatments may be based on correcting anomalies, or intended to create an overall balance of reflection, absorption, and diffusion for the space as a whole.
One typical surface treatment is foam products, used to cover portions of walls and ceilings. In their traditional application foam products provide broadband sound absorption. They are typically more effective at absorbing sound in the upper portion of the audible frequency range—for example, above 500 Hz—than in the lower portion. Their low-frequency performance is primarily limited by the overall thickness of the material. Foam used for sound absorption is an inexpensive treatment relative to other commercially available alternatives.
Generally, the surface shapes of commercially available foam products are limited to three types: a continuous wedge pattern, a pyramidal pattern, or an "egg crate" (rounded pyramidal or conical) pattern. Generally, these products have only been available as square or rectangular tiles, such as Auralex™ StudioFoam™, and example of the latter being shown in FIG. 17a (installed) and FIG. 17b (installed on two walls).
Consequently, foam products used as an acoustical surface treatment have had limited aesthetic appeal, partly due to their unit shape, partly due to their simple surface shapes, and partly due to the appearance of the foam material itself. In addition, commercially available foam products have had limited acoustical utility, since in their intended application they have offered only sound absorption, and have not offered any adjustability with respect to frequency response. Indiscriminate application of traditional foam products often leads to an imbalance in acoustical response, especially in presenting too much high-frequency absorption relative to low- and mid-frequency performance.
Therefore, there is a need for an acoustic material which is suitable for application to surfaces in studios, theaters, and performance halls, to selectively enhance the frequency response of the surface, and which provides an aesthetic appearance suitable for use in non-technical environments (e.g. within a private home or public performance hall). Further, there is a need in the art for these materials to be producible at a low cost with high efficiency (e.g. minimized material waste), and to be transportable via standard shipping at minimized costs.

Three-dimensional tessellated acoustic components


The various embodiments of the invention provide mechanisms to reduce headroom size while minimizing dropped packets. In general, this is done by using a shared headroom space between all ports, and providing a randomized delay in transmitting a flow-control message.

In packet-switching networks, switches have buffers that facilitate lossless operation. However, when incoming packet rates from a source are high, and data accumulates within the buffer, packets can be dropped due to exceeding the buffer size. Insofar as dropped packets are problematic for packet-switching networks, there are ongoing developments that attempt to ameliorate the problem of dropped packets.


A process and device for controlling the brake system of a motor vehicle with all-wheel drive are described. The process and the device include an electronic control unit which controls at least one coupling unit for engaging and disengaging an all-wheel drive, so that at least one wheel can be decoupled, from the drive. After stopping the motor vehicle, for example on a sloping roadway, a predefined brake pressure on at least one wheel of the motor vehicle is held either depending on or independently from the extent of brake pedal actuation. The brake pressure is held until a brake pressure reduction condition is present, such as during a brake pressure holding time. During that time, the brake pressure on at least the one wheel is reduced and the wheel is decoupled from the drive to detect slippage, while at least one other wheel remains pressurized with brake pressure.

The invention relates to a process, method and a device for controlling the brake system of a motor vehicle.
Various patent document, such as German Documents DE 199 50 034 A1, DE 196 11 359 C1, DE 199 50 162 B4, DE 198 48 448 C2, DE 101 51 846 B4, DE 199 41 482 A1 and others, describe processes and devices which are supposed to serve to prevent vehicles from rolling away, in particular, but not necessarily, on slopes. In these, in at least one operational state, braking force on at least one wheel is usually held or actively increased with the actuated brake pedal or another actuation element, depending on or independently from the extent of actuation of the brake pedal or other actuation element. For the activation or deactivation of the function, different entry and/or triggering conditions together or alternatively are provided therein.
These processes or devices are known under various names, such as Start Driving Assistant, Mountain Assistant, Hill Hold(er), or Automatic Hold. For example, a hydraulic, mechanical, or pneumatic, electronically controllable braking system, using which the holding in place and preventing from rolling of the vehicle is achieved, is common to all these processes. Also, processes are known in which the rolling of the vehicle is prevented via the transmission (in particular automatic transmission). In all these functions an activation of the function is carried out, for example, by actuation of the brake pedal or the parking brake or via switching elements associated therewith or also other actuation elements (for example, switches, keys, or the like). A deactivation is done via the same or also other auxiliary elements (such as, for example, gas pedal position, clutch signal, drive torque signals of the motor, or the like or also after the expiration of a definite holding time). Important additional necessary auxiliary elements, control signals, switching elements, and the like for the representation of the functions are, for example, at least one speed signal for detecting that the vehicle is at a standstill, mechanical, pneumatic, or hydraulic actuators in the wheel brakes or in the feed lines to the wheel brakes, via which the braking action can be increased or reduced or held, at least temporarily (for example, control/regulation valves integrated in the form of a control or regulation device which is present, for example, ABS system, ASC/ASR system, DSC/ESP system), in given cases also longitudinal acceleration or slope sensors, by using which the longitudinal slope of the roadway, and from that the braking force required for secure standstill of the vehicle and the torque needed to set the vehicle in motion given the slope of the roadway, can be determined, and pressure sensors with whose aid the brake pressure or the braking torque applied to the wheel brake(s) can be determined.
Furthermore, from German Patent Document DE 103 22 125 A1 a device for controlling the brake system of a vehicle is known, in which device, while the vehicle is at a standstill, the braking force on at least one wheel of the vehicle is held depending on or independently of the extent of brake pedal actuation. Along with this, measures for detecting slippage of the vehicle or any danger of slippage when the device is activated are presented. This detection of slippage consists of a rotary or translational motion of the vehicle being determined (for example, via angular velocity/yaw rate/yaw speed or transverse acceleration) and, depending on the value determined, termination of the function occurs, even before the expiration of any predefined holding time, if the value permits the inference of slippage of the vehicle.
The present invention, provides processes of the type stated in the introduction, which improve the detection of slippage.
According to the invention, a process and method for detecting slippage is described, which operates in case of a low coefficient of friction, even during a holding process by which any rolling away of the vehicle is to be prevented first of all by driver-independent setting of a predefined braking force on preferably all the wheels, so that the braking force on at least one wheel which is not driven is released, at least temporarily, so that the wheel can roll freely. If this wheel does not roll it is detected that the holding power of the remaining wheels is sufficient to hold the vehicle fixed on the corresponding slope. If this wheel does roll it is detected that the vehicle is slipping via the remaining braked wheels. If a low coefficient of friction or slippage of the vehicle is detected in this way, the braking force is preferably released on all the wheels in order to be able to better maneuver the vehicle in this situation.
This process was originally developed for application in vehicles driven with a single axle. In vehicles with permanent all-wheel drive or all-wheel drive which can be switched to via certain actuation elements or automatically (electronically controlled), this process cannot be applied without further effort since one cannot assume that at a standstill the drive train is separated in such a manner that at least one wheel is not driven and is thus freely rolling.
In vehicles with permanent all-wheel drive and in vehicles which can be switched manually to all-wheel drive, carrying out the detection of slippage according to the process stated above is not possible or not reasonable in the switched-to state (firmly coupled).
In vehicles with at least one electronically controllable coupling unit for switching to and out of all-wheel drive it is to be assumed that the coupling units which produce the drive of the wheels are closed when the vehicle is at a standstill for reasons of traction. Coupling units are understood to mean, for example, longitudinal clutches or longitudinal locks and/or transverse differential clutches or transverse differential locks.
According to exemplary embodiments of the invention, it is ensured that in vehicles with at least one electronically controllable coupling unit for the production of an all-wheel drive, such as, for example, with an electronically controllable longitudinal clutch there is, for carrying out a detection of slippage, at least one wheel which is not driven. In particular, for achieving this goal it is proposed to open at least one coupling which is present.
This exemplary embodiment can, for example, include a switchable longitudinal lock or a controllable longitudinal clutch through which, for example, the front axle is decoupled from the drive. Should a controllable transverse differential lock also be present on at least one axle, the opening of this transverse differential lock and a reduction of pressure on one wheel of this axle may be sufficient.
In connection with this embodiment, it is first checked whether the coupling unit(s) required for carrying out the detection of slippage is(are) opened. If this is not the case, the required coupling unit(s) is(are) opened for the purpose of the detection of slippage.
If it is not possible to open the coupling units required to carry out the detection of slippage, then carrying out the detection of slippage may be suppressed. From this action, on the one hand, an improvement in convenience or avoidance of noise follows and, on the other hand, an improvement in wear behavior due to the fact that the system components needed for detecting slippage are not actuated. A useless actuation of components for the distribution of brake pressure is avoided in this example, which would otherwise be necessary for maintaining the holding energy fed into the system (in particular startup of the hydraulic pump in hydraulic brake control systems, actuating the valves or similar components in other brake control systems).
However, with the coupling unit opened while a test to detect slippage (slippage detection routine) is being carried out, the driver cannot set the vehicle in motion as rapidly as possible with optimal propulsion, as desired in given cases. It is therefore ensured in an extension according to the invention that the opened coupling unit(s) is(are) closed once again at the necessary time, in particular if there is a wish to set the vehicle in motion.
The coupling unit(s) which are decoupled due to a test for slippage should therefore not only be coupled in once again when a brake pressure reduction condition, e.g., sufficient drive torque of the motor, is present, that is, only at the time of driving away. In situations where the vehicle is set in motion rapidly this can lead to loss of performance or limitations on convenience.
According to exemplary embodiments of the invention, a gain in performance will therefore be achieved by prompt detection of a situation in which it is the desire of the driver to set the vehicle in motion rapidly and in a manner optimized for propulsion and by immediate (before the actual process of setting the vehicle in motion) restoration of a completely closed (coupled) all-wheel drive train. Closing the coupling unit(s) before the process of setting the vehicle in motion also increases comfort. Thereby it is ensured that in the time after the process of setting the vehicle in motion no discontinuity caused by closing of the coupling unit(s) arises in the motion of the vehicle, where such a discontinuity could be perceived by the occupants of the vehicle as a jerk. Also the service lifetime of the coupling unit(s) is extended by the closing of the coupling unit(s) in the (nearly) unloaded state.
The detection of this situation, in which setting the vehicle in motion rapidly and in a manner optimized for propulsion is desired by the driver, can be coupled to various signals which permit the desire of the driver to be recognized, for example,                pedal value (acceleration pedal actuated /not actuated) or corresponding value of another actuation unit. In this example, an alternative includes an acceleration pedal switch signal which senses an acceleration pedal position which corresponds to an acceleration pedal being depressed to between, for example, about 50% and about 100%        pedal path/gradient: overshooting of a certain threshold of only one quantity or a combination of both        clutch switch: in this example, an alternative includes a clutch switch signal which senses a clutch pedal position which corresponds to a clutch being closed to between 0 and, for example, about 50% (clutch switch sensing 100%, meaning that the clutch is completely closed would not be applicable)        clutch path/gradient: overshooting of a certain threshold of only one quantity or a combination of both        rotary speed/gradient of the motor: overshooting of a certain threshold of only one quantity or a combination of both        torque/gradient of the motor: overshooting of a certain threshold of only one quantity or a combination of both        (input/output) rotary speed/gradient of the transmission: overshooting of a certain threshold of only one quantity or a combination of both        (input/output) torque/gradient of the transmission: overshooting of a certain threshold of only one quantity or a combination of both        rotary speed (difference)/gradient for the coupling unit(s): overshooting of a certain threshold of only one quantity or a combination of both        torque (difference)/gradient for the coupling unit(s): overshooting of a certain threshold of only one quantity or a combination of both
In this exemplary embodiment, the signals indicating pedal value, pedal path/gradient, clutch path/gradient, and so on reflect the direct wish of the driver. The other signals should be supported by additional signals (for example, pedal value (acceleration pedal actuated/not actuated) or pedal path/gradient) or can be drawn upon for support (clutch switch/signal 0−x %).
With an overshoot of a currently defined threshold, it can be assumed according to this exemplary embodiment that the driver desires a rapid process for setting the vehicle in motion. Thus, according to the invention, a control command which permits and/or restores the completely closed state of the drive train may be supplied in these situations.
Other objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Method and device for controlling the braking system of a motor vehicle

Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft


A dual-operating-system architecture for sharing USB apparatus in provided. The apparatus includes: a first operating system; a second operating system; a USB hub, connected to at least one USB apparatus; and a switch, for disconnecting the first operating system from the USB hub and connecting the second operating system to the USB hub for gaining control over the at least one USB apparatus when the first operating system is switched to the second operating system.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to dual-operating-system architectures, and in particular to techniques for the dual-operating-system architectures to share USB devices.
2. Description of the Related Art
Portable electronic devices, such as notebook computers and smartphones, have become indispensable for modern-day humans.
Conventionally, the operating system (OS) which is most widely used in electronic devices is the Microsoft Windows OS. Nowadays, however, the Android OS, which is based on a Linux OS, is also popular. The two operating systems perform differently with different operations. In order to take advantage of both OSs, some designs integrate the two OSs into a single electronic device. In some designs, the electronic device has only one CPU to process instructions for dual OSs, while in some other designs, separate CPUs are respectively in charge of one of the OSs. Generally, in a dual OS architecture, only one of the OSs will be in operation while the other will remain in a sleep state at the same time. In this manner, the dual OSs can share resources and unnecessary conflicts can be prevented.
Ideally, in order to reduce configuration costs and enhance usage convenience, the two OSs should be able to share all peripheral devices and avoid any duplicate device.

Dual-operating-system architecture for sharing USB devices, and method thereof


In a method of routing a call in a network with a plurality of nodes connected by trunks, each call is assigned a priority level as a function of which it can pre-empt calls in the network. The cost of different routes for routing the call is calculated and one route is chosen as a function of the cost. The cost of a route is a function of the maximum value on the trunks constituting the route, the priority level of the calls pre-empted on each of the trunks, the number of calls pre-empted on the trunks and the resources available on the trunks. The priority level of existing calls can therefore be taken into account when routing a call. The single figure of the accompanying drawing shows the typical trend of the cost function of a trunk as a function of the available resources.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns telecommunication networks and more particularly the routing of calls in a telecommunication network, in particular in a private network, in which calls have different priorities.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Private telecommunication networks are made up of communication nodes interconnected by trunks conveying calls and/or signaling. A description of physical and virtual private networks can be found in xe2x80x9cLe RNIS appliquxc3xaau Centrex et aux rxc3xaseaux privxc3xas virtuelsxe2x80x9d [xe2x80x9cThe ISDN applied to Centrex and to virtual private networksxe2x80x9d] by J. Eldin and K. P. Lathia. As explained in the above document, in a physical private network, the various sites or nodes are connected by dedicated circuits whereas in a virtual private network each node is connected to the nearest local central office of the public network, where appropriate software sets up connections on demand. There are two variants of the virtual private network: on the one hand, semi-permanent connections can be provided and set up without dialing as soon as one of the nodes needs the circuit and which always connect the same two points. This can be the case for signaling links in particular, in an application on an integrated services digital network. On the other hand, switched connections can be provided, which can be set up only by dialing. The remainder of the description considers physical or virtual private networks made up of nodes connected by trunks which can be of any type: trunks comprising dedicated connections or trunks formed using an external network; the external network can be of any kind: the public switched network, a public land mobile network, an integrated services digital network, another private network, etc.
The problem arises in telecommunication networks of routing calls, i.e. of choosing the trunks to convey a call across the network, where appropriate with overflow to an external network. The objective of call routing is to set up a connection to convey the call in conjunction with distributing the call load across the network. In a manner that is well known in the art, routing calculations are carried out using a cost function defined for the trunks of the network. The function assigns each trunk a cost representative of the risk of blocking of the trunk; a cost function can be chosen that is calculated as the ratio between the resources required and the resources ovailable on the trunk:
cost:=required resources/available resources
In this case the best route is the one which minimizes the sum of the costs of the trunks constituting the route. A routing calculation is usually performed at the time of setting up a connection to convey the call.
It is well known in the art for calls in a private network to have different priorities. Choosing a high priority enables preferential routing of a call, if necessary by pre-empting resources of the private network which are being used by connections having a lower priority.
It has previously been proposed to manage priorities by defining a priority level and an activation mode for each call. The priority level is an integer, for example, and the activation mode is chosen from the following list:
unprotected call;
non-pre-empting protected call;
pre-empting protected call.
Using the above solution, a protected call cannot be pre-empted by another call. In other words, pre-emption applies to the lowest priority level unprotected call resources. It has also been previously proposed, in the event of network congestion, to apply the following constraints to routing a call:
the maximum priority of all the calls pre-empted to route a call must be as low as possible,
the number of calls pre-empted must be as low as possible, and
the overall routing cost must be as low as possible.
The invention addresses the problem of routing calls in a network which goes as far as possible towards satisfying the various priority constraints.
The problem of connection regression also arises in private networks. Because the networks convey different types of call (voice, data or other), different protocols propose, as a grade of service, connections having different allocated throughputs. This applies to the X25 or Frame Relay protocols, for example, which authorize fallback to smaller bandwidths if the required bandwidth is not available.
Another problem addressed by the invention is that of simultaneously managing the allocated throughputs and the priorities when routing calls. The invention manages the priorities as a function of throughput classes.
To this end, the invention proposes a method of routing a call in a network with a plurality of nodes connected by trunks wherein each call is assigned a priority level as a function of which it is able to pre-empt calls in the network, the method comprising the calculation of the cost of various routes for routing the call and choosing one route as a function of the cost, wherein the cost of a route is a vector having a first component equal to the maximum value on the trunks constituting the route of the priority level of calls pre-empted on each of the trunks, a second component equal to the number of calls pre-empted on the trunks per priority level, and a third component equal to the sum of a decreasing function of the quantity of resources available on each of the trunks, and the second component of a given cost vector is less than the second component of another cost vector if, for the highest priority level for which the second components are different, the second component of the given cost vector is less than the second component of the other cost vector.
In this case, the aforementioned choice minimizes the cost of the route for an order relationship in which a first vector is less than a second vector if the first component of the first vector is less than the first component of the second vector, or, if the first components are equal, if the second component of the first vector is less than the second component of the second vector, or, if the first and second components are equal, if the third component of the first vector is less than the third component of the second vector.
In another embodiment the network routes calls at different throughputs, with the possibility of throughput regression, and the cost of a route is also a function of the throughput that the route can carry.
To this end the invention proposes a method of routing a call in a network with a plurality of nodes connected by trunks wherein each call is assigned a priority level as a function of which it can pre-empt calls in the network, the method including calculating the cost of various routes for routing the call and choosing a route as a function of the cost, wherein the network routes calls at different throughputs, with the possibility of throughput regression, and wherein the cost of a route is also a function of the throughput that can be conveyed on the route, the cost of a route being a vector having a first component equal to the regression on the route of the throughput requested for a call, a second component equal to the maximum value of the minimum priority level of the pre-empted calls of each of the trunks constituting the route, a third component equal to the number of pre-empted calls on the trunks, and a fourth component equal to the sum of a decreasing function of the quantity of resources available on each of the trunks, and the third component of a given cost vector is less than the third component of another cost vector if, for the highest priority level for which the third components are different, the third component of the given cost vector is less than the third component of the other cost vector.
In this case, the aforementioned choice minimizes the cost of the route for an order relationship in which a first vector is less than a second vector if the first component of the first vector is less than the first component of the second vector, or, if the first components are equal, if the second component of the first vector is less than the second component of the second vector, or, if the first and second components are equal, if the third component of the first vector is less than the third component of the second vector, or, if the first, second and third components are equal, if the fourth component of the first vector is less than the fourth component of the second vector.
In one embodiment the route cost is calculated iteratively by adding the various trunks constituting the route successively.
The Dijkstra algorithm con also be used to calculate the various routes and to choose the one route.
Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description of embodiments of the invention, given by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawing.

Managing priorities for routing calls in a telecommunication network


A printer has an ASF connection/disconnection sensor 18a as a sheet feeding device detector which detects if an ASF 60 is installed to the main printer unit 1, a roll paper holder connection sensor 38 as a roll paper holder detector which detects if a roll paper holder 40 is installed to the main printer unit 1, and a control circuit board 35 which controls operation of the main printer unit 1 according to the detection status of the ASF connection/disconnection sensor 18a and roll paper holder connection sensor 38.

An inkjet printer discharges ink drops on paper using, for example, piezoelectric elements, thermal elements, or electrostatic actuators so that the discharged ink forms images on the paper. A continuous paper holder or automatic sheet feeder (ASF) is also typically attached to the inkjet printer, and the printer conveys roll paper supplied from the continuous paper holder or feeds individual sheets of paper supplied from an automatic sheet feeder in a specific direction to record images on the supplied paper while controlling the transportation of the paper and the discharge of the ink drops on the paper.
An inkjet printer of this general type supplies paper from a paper supply opening rendered at the back of the printer case (housing) to a paper transportation path and, at the same time, discharges ink drops on the paper from an ink head disposed to a carriage at a specific position on the paper. The paper is discharged from a paper exit rendered at the front of the housing.
The roll paper holder or ASF (automatic sheet feeder) can be freely installed to and removed from some inkjet printers built so that the roll paper holder or ASF (automatic sheet feeder) can be installed appropriately to the printer for carrying out a desired printing application. An inkjet printer of this type is taught and described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Appl. Pub. H 11-348364 (FIG. 1). This inkjet printer requires the user to recognize whether the roll paper holder or the ASF is installed to the printer for the printer to operate properly. To do so requires changing the setup which increases the burden on the user and is bothersome. In addition, the user must also load the appropriate paper into the paper transportation path according to whether the roll paper holder is installed, the ASF is installed, or if neither is installed. If the paper is mistakenly loaded problems can occur as different types of paper may collide inside the paper transportation path.

Method for controlling the operation of a printer connected to an automatic sheet feeder or roll paper holder


A new and distinctive asiatic hybrid lily plant is disclosed. The plant has medium-sized flowers, particularly distinguished by their brilliant orange-red coloration, borne profusely in upright racemes and by a vigorous, upright growth habit.

My new lily plant was selected from hybrid offspring of a cross of the lily variety Tribute (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 6,003) with pollen from an unnamed and unpatented plant selected from a group of lilies maintained for breeding purposes at a nursery in Sandy, Oreg. The present plant was selected from among the hybrid offspring of the aforementioned cross because of its brilliant orange-red coloration, profuse production of flowers and its vigorous growth habit. The selected seedling was propagated at Sandy, Oreg. by scaling and was carried through several successive generations in order to demonstrate that its novel and desirable characteristics would hold true from generation to generation. Such cultivation amply demonstrated the fixed and constant nature of these characteristics. Propagation of this new plant can be and has been carried out by conventional asexual methods, particularly scaling and tissue culture.


Disclosed is an operating method of a semiconductor device, including acquiring resource information on a plurality of hardware resources, receiving a compression request or a decompression request for data, acquiring context information on the semiconductor device, in response to receiving the compression request or the decompression request for the data, selecting a compression algorithm for compressing or decompressing the data, based on the context information, selecting, among the plurality of hardware resources, a hardware resource for performing the selected compression algorithm, based on the acquired resource information, and compressing or decompressing the data using the selected compression algorithm and the selected hardware resource.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor device and an operating method thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
There has been a rapid demand for increased memory capacity in a semiconductor device of a mobile environment. As a result, there is a need in the art for a technique which compresses data or decompresses the compressed data in the semiconductor device of the mobile environment. Specifically, a compression algorithm for efficiently compressing or decompressing the data and hardware for performing the compression algorithm are needed in the art in order to compress or decompress the data.

Semiconductor device and operating method of matching hardware resource to compression/decompression algorithm


A ceramic dielectric composition suitable for preparing capacitors for use in high-temperature service conditions is disclosed. The ceramic material and capacitors made from it exhibit unique and heretofore unrealizable properties including low variation in capacitance with voltage up to high fields, low variation in capacitance with temperature over a broad temperature range, retained high permittivity at temperatures up to 200° C. and beyond, low loss, low field-induced strain and adequate capacitance to retain performance at very low service temperatures. The material is based on sodium bismuth titanate (NBT) with selected additions of substituents and dopants to broaden and flatten its dielectric response, lower loss, lower strain, lower voltage coefficient and increase resistivity.

Many power electronic systems are currently limited by the low dielectric constant and/or low upper limit of operating temperature of commercially available capacitors and dielectric materials. Today's capacitors are typically limited in temperature capability to a maximum of 125° C., whereas many current commercial and military application temperatures range from −55 to 200° C. and even to 300° C. in some instances. Moreover, the application temperature refers to ambient service conditions and does not take into account internal heating of the part and surrounding components on the same circuit board. Accordingly, actual part temperature can readily exceed the environmental specification.
Today's capacitors that meet the higher and wider temperature range have to be fabricated from very low permittivity dielectrics and thus have relatively large dimensions. Specific uses include DC and AC power filtering, energy storage, high repetition rate (pulse power) devices, high energy back-up or hold-up power devices and small signal capacitor applications for controls. Although some of these applications may be accommodated with engineering "work-arounds" and performance trade-offs, future systems—particularly oil well logging instrumentation, avionic controls, advanced weapon electronics, power-conditioning electronics and under-the-hood automotive components—will require better material properties to meet more demanding performance goals.
An increasing problem in certain systems today is exceeding the service temperature of electronic components because of the heat generated in current highly miniaturized and densely packed electronic circuits. For example, temperature limitations of capacitors have been identified as the weak link in power electronic system reliability as manifest in motor drives, inverters/converters for switched reluctance starter/generator systems, DC to AC converters, DC to DC converters, and pulse forming networks.
Instead of utilizing remote processing and control, many industrial and commercial applications are now being designed to take advantage of the weight, power and space savings that can be achieved with local dedicated electronic boxes. For example in transport applications, such as automobile motors and aircraft engines, sensing and control instrumentation is being placed closer to the power plant itself where the service temperature limits exceed those of available electronic components. Similarly, the large oil and gas exploration companies are placing bore-hole instrumentation directly adjacent to the hot zone at the drilling face.
While barium titanate has been used in high performance capacitor applications and has a wide operating temperature, ultimate performance is limited by its inherently low transition temperatures (−90, 0, 130° C.) and its semiconducting properties at elevated temperature.
Many other high temperature electroceramic materials are known which have isolated high dielectric performance over a limited temperature range but very low dielectric constant at temperatures on either side of this band. An example is lead titanate which is an excellent dielectric in the very close vicinity of its 490° C. phase transition temperature. Attempts have been made to broaden the dielectric response, even though this lowers the temperature at which the dielectric constant peaks, by modification with calcium, but its dielectric properties then drop into the low hundreds.
Alternatively many electroceramic materials are known to have constant but low permittivities over a wide range of temperatures. Thus dielectrics based on medium-K titanates such as strontium titanate (SrTiO3 or ST), calcium titanate (CaTiO3 or CT), magnesium titanate (MgTiO3 or MT), glass-ceramics and porcelains have been formulated to have near zero variation in permittivity with temperature and low loss over a wide temperature range. These dielectrics typically have dielectric constants<200 and so capacitors made from them are relatively large.
A need exists for a moderately-high permittivity dielectric that has low variation in dielectric constant with temperature, low loss and high resistivity over a broad temperature range.

High-temperature dielectric materials and capacitors made therefrom


A method for estimating memory-enabled transmission channels, having the following steps: determining a first estimation ĥ of the pulse response of the transmission channel; estimating the additive interferences of the transmission channel; and correcting the first channel estimation while taking into consideration the estimation of the additive interferences. The first channel estimation is performed using a matched filter or a least squares estimation.

When transmitting data via memory-enabled channels, data parts separated over time are superposed. The resulting intersymbol interference of the data can be eliminated if the pulse response of the transmission channel is known. So-called channel estimators are used to determine the pulse response. They use information regarding the transmitted signal or the form of this signal to derive channel coefficients from the received signal. The most widely used channel estimators are based on a matched filter for a completely known reference signal r having optimum autocorrelation properties, i.e., r*rαδ, as seen, for example, in K. D. Kammeyer's "Nachrichtenübertragung," 2nd Ed., Information Technology Series, Teubner, Stuttgart, 1996. Non-optimum autocorrelation properties can be linearly corrected, yet inherent additive noise of the to be estimated transmission channel, e.g., in CDMA systems, generally results in transmission channel coefficient estimations that are higher than the actual values. It is known to partially correct these inaccurate transmission channel coefficient estimations using non-linear reworking. Thus, such a method, called the POCS method or POCS algorithm (POCS=projection onto convex sets), is known, for example, from the publication by Z. Kostic, M. I. Sezan and E. L. Titlebaum: "Estimation of the Parameters of a Multipath Channel Using Set-Theoretic Deconvolution", IEEE Trans. Comm., Vol. 40 (1992), 1006-1011. In this connection, reference is also made to the known MMSE algorithm (MMSE=minimum mean square error), which is described, e.g., in the K. D. Kammeyer monograph "Nachrichtenütbertragung" cited above. However, known techniques for correcting the pulse response estimation fail to take into consideration any additive interference estimations for the transmission channel.
However, in the case of currently known corrections of additive interferences when estimating memory-enabled transmission channels, it is disadvantageous that the methods produce correction results having varying accuracy for interferences of varying intensity. Moreover, threshold operations discontinuously correct coefficient values in the vicinity of the threshold value, thereby resulting in unnecessarily bad corrections.

Method and device for estimating memory-enabled transmission channels


Methods of secure resource authorization for external identities using remote principal objects are performed by systems and devices. An external entity creates a user group and defines entitlements to an owning entity's secure resource as a set of permissions for the group. An immutable access template with the permissions and an access policy for the secure resource are provided to the owning entity for approval. On approval, a remote principal object is created in the owner directory according to the permissions and access policy. A remote principal that is a group member requests access via an interface to the owner domain using external domain credentials. The identity of the remote principal is verified against the remote principal object by a token service. Verification causes generation and issuance of a token, with the enumerated entitlements, to the remote principal interface affecting a redirect for access to the secure resource.

Owners of data resources often allow external identities access to their data resources for a variety of reasons such as collaboration, technical support, etc. One practice for authorization and access of external identities is for the data resource owner to add an entry in their directory for a particular external identity which enables login access, while other practices include variations on guest credential implementations which also include owner directory entries having limited permissions specific to the data resources to be accessed. In each case, however, the owner of the data resources defines the permissions and is able to alter the types of accesses allowed and the data resources that may be accessed by the external identities.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Secure resource authorization for external identities using remote principal objects


A new Calibrachoa plant designated ‘KLECA18503’ particularly distinguished by pink and purple bicolored flowers, is disclosed.

The present invention comprises a new and distinct variety of Calibrachoa, botanically known as Calibrachoa sp., and hereinafter referred to by the variety name 'KLECA18503'. 'KLECA18503' originated from a controlled cross between the female Calibrachoa parent 'Hula Soft Pink', (unpatented) and the proprietary male Calibrachoa 'CA-2014-5086', (unpatented) in Stuttgart, Germany in August 2015.
'KLECA18503' has been found to reproduce true to type in successive generations of asexual propagation in Stuttgart, Germany via vegetative stem cuttings.


The present invention concerns a device for fastening an emitter to a housing comprising a first, manoeuvre element (10) being slidable in a first direction (11, B), a second, activating element (20) being slidable in a second, fastening direction (21) being inclined in relation to said first direction (11, B), whereby the first and second elements (10, 20) are interconnected via at least one cam mechanism (50). Moreover, the device further comprises a third, fastening element (30) being slidable in the second direction (21), whereby the second and third elements (20, 30) are interconnected via at least one fourth, elastic element (40), whereby the third element (30) is adapted to move, in response to displacement of the first element (10) in said first direction (11, B), between a fastening position in which it produces a fastening force onto said emitter (1) and an open position in which the fastening force is released.

WO 00/34958 discloses a conventional substantially circular electron beam emitter. The emitter generally comprises a closed vacuum chamber with an exit window and an electron source inside the chamber. The electron source in this disclosure is a filament. By conducting a current through the filament, the filament is heated to about 2000° C. and emits a cloud of electrons. These electrons are then accelerated in vacuum from the filament to the exit window by a voltage difference between the filament and the exit window. The energy of the electrons as they leave the chamber through the exit window can e.g. be used to cure coatings on webs moving past the emitter and for sterilisation of surfaces.
However, there exist a number of different kinds of emitters using different kinds of technology to achieve the desired electron beam. See e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 5,962,995 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,637,953.
Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,742 discloses a method of and apparatus for shielding electron and other particle beam accelerators. The disclosed design relates to a tunnel-shaped shielding, through which the web is guided, and an emitter fastened to the wall of the shielding. The specific feature of this design is that a portion of the shielding is movable in a direction transverse to both the electron beam and the travel direction of the web, with the purpose of facilitating threading of the web through the tunnel.

Device for and method of fastening an emitter


A broadcast programming network device includes a tuner capable of being tuned to any one of multiple broadcast video programming reception channels. When tuned to a particular channel, the broadcast video programming scheduled for that channel and icon related data indicative of the availability of commerce related information are received. A processor is provided to process the received icon related data to direct a simultaneous display of an icon with the scheduled broadcast video programming. A display screen then displays the scheduled broadcast video programming and, in accordance with the directive, simultaneously displays the icon.

This invention relates to an interactive television commerce system.
The Internet is growing rapidly and is emerging as a significant interactive medium for entertainment, communications, research, education and e-commerce. Although Internet access has historically required a personal computer, it may be desirable for consumers to receive electronic information and entertainment services through their television sets. Some consumers may have little need for a personal computer because it can be costly and difficult or complicated to use. A television-based approach to e-commerce thus may be a better alternative for many consumers.
A digital broadband delivery system (DBDS) is an architecture currently being deployed by cable television system operators, referred to here as multiple system operators (MSO). The terminology used here is essentially that of Scientific-Atlanta, Inc., but the components described could be used in other systems. DBDS allows the MSOs to offer their subscribers digital content that looks better than cable transmitted analog programs, and allows more digital channels to run on the same cable wire (at least 8 times as many). DBDS also offers two-way messaging between the cable network and set top boxes, allowing MSOs to offer customers interactive applications such as near video on demand and email. DBDS is designed as a client server network with client applications running on set top boxes that communicate with an application server that provides the content for the client applications.
DBDS has several components that work together to deliver these broadband digital services to consumers. Analog set top boxes are replaced by digital set top boxes, referred to as digital home communications terminals (DHCTs). A DHCT is essentially a small network computer that provides a subscriber with the ability to run multiple applications. It also provides Internet protocol (IP) connectivity back to a server via a hybrid fiber coax (HFC) line wired to the subscriber's home to allow an application running on the DHCT to interact with the DBDS.
A digital network control system (DNCS) is a server, typically UNIX based, that controls the configuration of the entire DBDS, routine DBDS maintenance, SNMP monitoring, the broadcasting of data to the set tops, and the registering of additional applications that run on the DBDS. One DNCS can currently handle up to two hundred thousand subscribers.
A broadcast file system (BFS) is a component of the DNCS and is essentially a file system containing system data (such as DHCT configurations) and application data. This file system is continuously broadcast in a carousel fashion over the DBDS via an inband data path (IDP) and an out-of-band data path (ODP). DHCTs can then access the BFS in much the same way that a PC accesses a hard drive.
The IDP is a 27 Mbps data channel that the DHCTs tune to, much like any other programming channel. The path is physically provided by a broadband integrated gateway (BIG) and an inband quadrature amplitude modulator (QAM). In essence, these pieces of hardware are employed to create a 27 Mbps path over which the BFS is continuously broadcast to the DHCTs. Once the DHCT is tuned to the data channel it can read the BFS data carousel at this high speed. This is useful for loading a new application on the DHCT as well as in any situation where fast access to the BFS is required. The IDP is one-way; no programming content can be received while the IDP data is being read.
The ODP is a data channel that can be accessed while programming content is being sent to the DHCT. The two components that make up the ODP are a forward data channel (FDC) that broadcasts out to the DHCTs and a reverse data channel (RDC) that receives data from the DHCTs, both at T1 speed. The FDC interface to the HFC is provided by a quaternary phase shift key (QPSK) modulator. The RDC interface to the HFC is provided by a QPSK demodulator. In essence, this equipment functions as a modem to bridge the HFC to an Ethernet component of the DBDS. The FDC and RDC are used by server applications to communicate with the DHCTs.
Cable head end application servers reside on the same IP network as the DNCS, and provide a hardware platform for running server based software applications that will be provisioned to the DHCTs, such as near video on demand and email. Services that run in the DBDS have a component running on the application server and are registered with the DNCS.

Automating commerce on a broadcast programming distribution network


The present invention provides a dedicated memory circuit which supports the generation of parity data in connection with the storing of data. This improved memory circuit allows the parity generation to be done remotely from the CPU while consuming less time. The memory array is provided with its data output being connected to combinational logic. Another input to combinational logic is for external data. The data already in the array and the new data are combined to the combinational logic, preferably an exclusive-or arrangement, to produce the parity data which is then returned to the memory array. A latch is provided between the exclusive-or logic and the memory array data lines to allow isolation of the data during the two cycles of the read out of the array and the right back to the array after the exclusive-or.

The present invention relates to systems for storing data and generating parity data to allow reconstruction of lost data, and in particular to systems using arrays of disk drives.
Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) is a relatively new technology for increasing the reliability and performance of disk storage systems. RAID increases the performance of disk subsystems by using many small, inexpensive disk drives in tandem. RAID increases the reliability of disk subsystems by storing redundant data on one or more of the disk drives in the system. In the event of a disk failure, the redundant data can be used to reconstruct the data on the failed drive.
One method for generating redundant data is block parity. Block parity is the exclusive-or operation of two or more blocks of data. If one block of data is lost, it can be recreated by the bit-wise exclusive-or operation of the remaining data blocks and the parity block.
One method for implementing RAID (RAID 5) spreads parity blocks across all the disks in the array. An array can be viewed as a series of rows and columns. The individual disks are the columns and the rows make up the blocks. Blocks are made up of one or more physical disk sectors (which are typically 512 bytes in size). Each row has data blocks and a single parity block. FIG. 1 shows the parity blocks spread across the columns in a Left-Symmetrical format.
The parity block for any row in the array is generated by the exclusive-or of all the data blocks in the row. If, for example, column (disk) 2 fails, Rows 0, 2, and 3 lose data blocks and Row 1 loses its parity block. For Row 1, no data is lost but the parity block can no longer be updated. For Rows 0, 2, and 3, access to the data blocks in the failed column requires the data to be reconstructed for the failed data block. This can be done by reading the other data blocks and parity block in the row and performing an exclusive-or. The result of the operation is the data for the failed data block.
There are several different ways block parity is generated and accessed in RAID systems. A common operation that involves block parity is known as Read-Modify-Write. The Read-Modify-Write method is used when a single block of data for the row is being written. Typically, the block parity for RAID systems is generated using a general purpose Central Processing Unit (CPU) 12 and Random Access Memory (RAM) 14, as shown in FIGS. 2A-2C. FIGS. 2A-2C show how a Read-Modify-Write operation is implemented with a general purpose CPU and RAM.
The Read-Modify-Write operation updates the new data block being written and the parity block for the row. To generate the new parity block requires reading the old data block and the old parity block from the array and exclusive-or'ing the new data block, the old data block, and the old parity block.

Memory apparatus with built-in parity generation


A semiconductor device includes a gate dielectric layer and a gate electrode formed on the gate dielectric layer. The gate electrode includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer, and a third metal layer. The first metal layer includes an oxygen-gettering composition. The second metal layer includes oxygen. The third metal layer includes an interface with a polysilicon layer.

The present disclosure relates generally an integrated circuit device and, more particularly, a gate structure of a semiconductor device.
As technology nodes decrease, semiconductor fabrication processes have introduced the use of gate dielectric materials having a high dielectric constant (e.g., high-k dielectrics). The high-k dielectrics exhibit a higher dielectric constant than the traditionally used silicon dioxide, which allows for thicker dielectric layers to be used to obtain similar equivalent oxide thicknesses (EOTs). The processes also benefit from the introduction of metal gate structures providing a lower resistance than the traditional polysilicon gate structures.
In particular as gate lengths decrease, minimization of equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) becomes more critical. However, an interfacial layer may be required between the gate dielectric layer (e.g., HfO2) and the silicon substrate. The interfacial layer also contributes to the EOT of the gate structure. Therefore, as the scale of gate lengths decrease, the thickness of the interfacial layer becomes more critical. It is also desirable to increase the dielectric constant of the gate dielectric to control the EOT of the gate structure. Further, it is desirable to cure oxygen vacancies in the gate dielectric layer.
Therefore, what is needed is an improved gate structure and fabrication method.

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.


A light transmission system for a light emitting game ball provides light passageways extending outwardly from an elongate cavity within the game ball adapted for containing an elongate light source. The shape of each passageway at the exterior surface of the ball is substantially different from the shape of the corresponding joining aperture formed by the intersection of the passageway and the cavity.

It is becoming increasingly popular to provide for light displays in various objects, including game balls. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,726,580 discloses an American football style game ball having provision for inserting a "light stick" therein. Light sticks, also referred to as glow sticks, are well known disposable sources of softly glowing light. A light stick is formed of a translucent tube carrying two chemicals that are separated by a barrier. The user of a light stick bends or snaps it to break the barrier so that the chemicals mix and chemically react with one another to produce light for a limited period of time.
The football of the '580 patent has an interior bore formed of a translucent or transparent plastic tube. Each end of the tube has screw threads for receiving a removable cap to provide access to the tube for inserting the light stick after it has been activated, and to retain the light stick in the tube. The remainder of the football is formed of a translucent or transparent material to allow the light produced by the light stick, passing through the tube, to pass through the remainder of the football so that it can be seen by those watching or using the football.
The requirement for a transparent or translucent material for forming the game ball is a significant disadvantage, both because the choice of materials is quite limited and because it is not generally an advantage to be able to see through a game ball. To the contrary, game balls are easier to see and catch when they are opaque.
A response to this problem is found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,683,316, which discloses another American style football incorporating a number of light sticks. The light sticks are inserted into respective flexible housings, corresponding to the tube in the '580 patent, attached to the exterior surface of the ball.
Though not very practical, battery powered incandescent light sources have also been known for use inside game balls. An example is the "luminous ball" disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,020,484. The game ball in the '484 patent is spherical and, instead of utilizing a translucent or transparent material for transmitting light from the light source through the ball, the ball incorporates a plurality of "passageways" or tubes extending from a cavity in the center of the ball, in the center of which the light source is disposed, through the shell or casing of the ball. The cavity is considerably larger than the light source itself, apparently to provide space for a spring suspension system for supporting the light source in a manner adapted to attenuate shock.
It is an objective of the present invention to provide for improvements in the manner by which light is transmitted from a light emitting game ball.

Light transmission system for a light emitting game ball


A printed wiring board includes a core substrate including resin and inorganic fiber, a first buildup layer formed on a first surface of the substrate and including resin insulating layers and first conductive layers, and a second buildup layer formed on a second surface of the substrate on the opposite side of the core substrate with respect to the first surface and including resin insulating layers and second conductive layers. The first conductive layers in the first buildup have sum V1 of volumes which is greater than sum V2 of volumes of the second conductive layers in the second buildup, and the substrate has a first-surface side portion which has resin amount greater than resin amount of a second-surface side portion of the substrate where boundary between the first-surface and second-surface side portions is set with respect to the center line in the thickness direction of the substrate.

1 . Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a printed wiring board including a core substrate and buildup layers formed on upper and lower surfaces of the core substrate, and a method of manufacturing the same.
2 . Description of Background Art
In a printed wiring board described in JP 2008-85106 A, a core substrate constructed by laminating three resin layers formed by impregnating resin into fibers arranged in one direction is used. The number of fibers per length of resin layer positioned in the center of the resin layers is set to be greater than the number of fibers per length of other resin layers. Therefore, the thermal expansion coefficient in a planar direction becomes uniform over the entire core substrate, and warpage of the printed wiring board and undulation of the surface of the printed wiring board are suppressed. The entire contents of this publication are incorporated herein by reference.

Printed wiring board and method for manufacturing the same


Impurities are removed from aqueous hydrogen peroxide by treating the aqueous hydrogen peroxide by reverse osmosis, cation-exchanging the aqueous hydrogen peroxide and anion-exchanging the aqueous hydrogen peroxide, and the treated ultra-pure hydrogen peroxide can be used in the electronics industries.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for removing impurities from aqueous hydrogen peroxide to produce ultra-pure aqueous hydrogen peroxide which is used, in particular, in the electronics industry.
2. Description of the Related Art
Aqueous hydrogen peroxide is used in the electronics industry, for example, for cleaning silicon wafers and the like.
Aqueous hydrogen peroxide which is produced industrially is contaminated by various impurities such as substances originating from metals, for example, iron, aluminum, sodium, calcium, lithium, zinc, lead, chromium, nickel, magnesium, etc., or organic materials originating from various additives, phosphorus, and the like during production, storage, transportation, and so on.
However, since the contamination of aqueous hydrogen peroxide with such metal-originated substances or organic materials has much influence when used in the electronics industry, on the deterioration of the quality of the products, i.e., the silicon wafers, it is essential to remove such impurities.
In recent years, with the advance in precision of electronics such as increase of an integration degree of an IC, the requirement for the removal of impurities has become more stringent. Many proposals have been made on the removal of the impurities such as the metal-originated substances or the organic materials, but none of them reaches a satisfactory level.

Apparatus and method for removing impurities from aqueous hydrogen peroxide


The present invention provides a dishwasher access-door mounted dishwasher detergent dispenser having an improved assembly. The dispenser includes an outer bow-tie shaped door which has a central shaft extending therefrom. The shaft extends through the access door, and through a stationary actuating member and a rotary cam and latch member. A terminal end of the shaft provides a transverse bore through which is loosely slip-fit a retaining pin. The cam and latch member includes a cylindrical hub and a projecting member. The cylindrical hub includes an upstanding cylindrical wall and a camming surface. The cylindrical wall, which extends above and generally surrounds the camming surface, defines a notched opening through which the terminal end of the shaft is accessible for insertion and removal of the slip fit pin mounted therein. The cylindrical wall surrounds or encloses opposite ends of the mounting pin and prevents the unintentional or accidental removal of the mounting pin from the shaft. The present invention improves upon designs which employ a frictional fit between the mounting pin and the shaft which results in fracture of the shaft or hub as a result of shaft hoop stress and the harsh environmental inherent in dishwashing machines.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to dispensers and, more particularly, to dishwasher detergent dispensers.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the past, it has been common to mount a detergent dispenser to a dishwasher access door. The detergent dispenser employs a dispenser door having a central shaft which extends through the inner panel of the dishwasher door, a stationary actuating member, and a rotary cam and latch member. Typically, the stationary actuating member includes means to release the rotary cam and latch member, which is spring biased by a rotary biasing spring, at a predetermined time in the wash cycle.
Conventionally, the dispenser shaft has a transverse hole into which is frictionally inserted a mounting pin. In the known detergent dispensers, the mounting pin is frictionally inserted to insure its retention within the transverse hole. This frictional fit is provided by closely matching the diameter of the mounting pin at a location along its length with the diameter of the transverse hole. Preferably, the diameter of the mounting pin is identical to that of the hole at this location, or slightly greater than that of the hole, to insure a tight or tension fit between the pin and the dispenser shaft.
Although the aforementioned design may work satisfactorily with some detergent dispensers, it has been found that when the dispenser door and shaft are made of certain materials, such as polypropylene, the door and shaft have a tendency to warp when subjected to the heat produced by the dishwashing machine and prematurely release detergent. If the temperature sensitive material is replaced by more temperature stable materials such as a polycarbonate alloy, the frictional or press-fit of the mounting pin and the dispenser door shaft creates hoop stress in the shaft which, in combination with the harsh environmental conditions encountered in the dishwashing machine, causes the shaft to fracture or break, and renders the detergent dispenser inoperable.


A high pressure pump includes a pump housing. A piston rod located within the pump housing defines a plurality of pump cavities and a plurality of piston cavities. Movement of the piston within the piston cylinder pumps the fluid from the piston cavities out of the high pressure pump. The continuous pumping of HWBF from the pump housing provides fluid at a relatively constant flow and pressure. The HWBF pressure is also at a higher pressure than traditional single stage high pressure pumps can provide.

Hydroforming dies are used to form a cross-sectional profile in tubular parts. Commonly, a tubular part is placed within a die cavity. The die cavity is then filled with a Hydroforming Water-Based Fluid (HWBF) and pressurized to expand the tubular part outward against the die into the desired cross-sectional profile.
High pressure pumps are typically used when HWBF pressures are required in a hydroforming process. The flow rate of fluid from the high pressure pump is limited by the capacity of the pump providing the fluid. Typical single stage hydraulic pumps cannot provide variable displacement at pressures commonly required for hydroforming processes. Single stage pumps are limited to adding fluid in only one stroke direction of the pump. Therefore, fluid flow from the high pressure pump is not constant.
To provide the required amount of fluid at the required pressure may take a significant period of time, slowing the manufacturing process. To provide larger amounts of the high pressure fluid, larger pumps can be used. However, as the size of the pump providing high pressure fluid is increased so does the cost of the pump.

High pressure dual-action hydraulic pump


A subsea well casing cutting tool for use as part of a well abandonment procedure, the casing cutting tool deployable from a vessel located at a water surface, where in certain embodiments the casing cutting tool comprises a casing gripper; a rotary cutter drive assembly; a rotary cutter; a rotating fluid union that allows high volume water to be fed to the rotating cutting assembly below the drive motor for purposes of extending the cutting blades; and a third party casing hanger removal tool wherein the casing cutting drive assembly forms an interface between the third party rotary casing cutter, an existing subsea casing, and a work class ROV. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope of meaning of the claims.

Casings often need to be cut underwater, in situ. At times, portions of tubulars, e.g. casings or wellheads, need to be removed, such as when a well is abandoned. Often this is a difficult task.
Although standard, e.g. off-the-shelf type, tools are available, interfacing the various tools to platforms or tools needed to effect the cutting and removal is often difficult and often requires some degree of customization.


A method of manufacture and assembly of multiwell plates employing targeted radiation at an interface in order to achieve bonding is disclosed. The method accommodates glass and polymer attachment as well as polymer to polymer attachment. Resultant plates have unique flatness and optical properties.

The recent growth in many areas of biotechnology has increased the demand to perform a variety of studies, commonly referred to as assays, of biochemical systems. These assays include for example, biochemical reaction kinetics, DNA melting point determinations, DNA spectral shifts, DNA and protein concentration measurements, excitation/emission of fluorescent probes, enzyme activities, enzyme co-factor assays, homogeneous assays, drug metabolite assays, drug concentration assays, dispensing confirmation, volume confirmation, solvent concentration, and solvation concentration. Also, there are a number of assays which use intact living cells and which require visual examination.
Assays of biochemical systems are carried out on a large scale in both industry and academia, so it is desirable to have an apparatus that allows these assays to be performed in convenient and inexpensive fashion. Because they are relatively easy to handle, are low in cost, and generally disposable after a single use, multiwell plates are often used for such studies. Multiwell plates typically are formed from a polymeric material and consist of an ordered array of individual wells. Each well includes sidewalls and a bottom so that an aliquot of sample may be placed within each well. The wells may be arranged in a matrix of mutually perpendicular rows and columns. Common sizes for multiwell plates include matrices having dimensions of 8×12 (96 wells), 16×24 (384 wells), and 32×48 (1536 wells).
Typically, the materials used to construct a multiwell plate are selected based on the samples to be assayed and the analytical techniques to be used. For example, the materials of which the multiwell plate is made should be chemically inert to the components of the sample or any biological or chemical coating that has been applied to the plate. Further, the materials should be impervious to radiation or heating conditions to which the multiwell plate is exposed during the course of an experiment and should possess a sufficient rigidity for the application at hand.
In many applications, a transparent window in the bottom of each sample well is needed. Transparent bottoms are primarily used in assay techniques that rely on emission of light from a sample and subsequent spectroscopic measurements. Examples of such techniques include liquid scintillation counting, techniques which measure light emitted by luminescent labels, such as bioluminescent or chemoluminescent labels, fluorescent labels, or absorbance levels. Optically transparent bottom wells also lend the advantage of microscopic viewing of specimens and living cells within the well.
Currently, optically transparent and UV transparent bottomed multiwell plates exist in the market and are used for the purposes described. These plates typically are a hybrid of different polymeric materials, one material making up the well walls and another making up the bottom portion of the wells.
Ideally, plates to be used for spectroscopic and microscopic measurement would have well bottoms made from glass. Glass has the advantage of being chemically inert, has superior optical properties in the visible range, is rigid, and is highly resistant to any deformation process caused by heating, due to its high melting temperature. Further and unlike most polymers, glass can be formulated and processed to provide a surface which produces very little background signal and which may be manufactured to extreme smoothness. Still, its surface may be easily coated or otherwise altered in order to promote attachment of specific targeted molecules. For example, a silane coating may be applied to the glass in order to extend any variety of functional groups such as amine functionalities, for example. Such amine functionality may can be effectively used to immobilize reactive molecules of the types commonly used in biological assays and testing procedures, e.g., to immobilize specific binding members (e.g., antigens, ligands, and haptens), entire cells, proteins (e.g., binding proteins, receptor proteins, antibodies and antibody fragments), nucleic acids (e.g., RNA and DNA molecules), tissue and the like. Further, the use of a polylysine coating on glass cover slips to grow nerve cells is a standard procedure.
Unfortunately, while it is simple to make glass in sheets, it is not possible to injection mold articles made from glass, and it is extremely difficult to press a molten gob of glass into an industry standard assay plate format. One solution to the problem, offered by the present invention, is to combine an injection molded polymeric upper plate molded to form the wells of a microplate, with a substantially flat transparent glass lower plate to form the well bottoms. In order to accomplish this result, the inventors considered several known methods for combining glass and plastic. Two commonly employed methods of joining these types of materials are by means of adhesive bonding and by means of insert molding.
The use of adhesives to bond together the material forming the well bottoms and material forming the well walls is expensive and leads to contamination of the biologically sensitive well surface. Low molecular weight species from the polymeric material making up the sidewalls of the wells, as well as species within the adhesive itself, tend to migrate through the adhesive and onto the transparent bottom surface. When this occurs, biomolecules can not properly react with the surface as intended under particular assay conditions. Adhesives which are UV cured or UV stabilized also have the tendency to absorb UV light, which may result in altering fluorescent readings taken from a detector located above or below the plate. The effect of the UV light is to non-specifically modify the signal by non-specific fluorescence thus creating undesired background readings which are highly variable from well to well and from plate to plate.
Insert molding is another common technique for joining together polymeric and glass parts. In this manufacturing method, the polymer portion is molded against or around the glass portion. Since the polymer has a much lower melting temperature than the glass, the glass remains in solid form while the liquid polymer is pressed against it. Once hardened, the polymer/glass interface remains attached only by weak interactions. One way of increasing the mechanical strength of the connection is to mold around or encapsulate the glass with the polymer, e.g. in glass bottomed ashtrays. Unfortunately, using this technique to combine polymeric parts with glass sheets of microscope coverslip thickness, as described in multiwell plate manufacture, is not practical because the mechanical strength of glass at such thinness is extremely low.

Multi-well plate and method of manufacture


A system and method for prospecting digital information is provided. A home evergreen index for a home subject area within a corpus of digital information is maintained and includes topic models matched to the corpus. A frontier evergreen index for a frontier subject area within the corpus topically distinct from the home subject area is identified. Quality assessments for frontier articles from the corpus identified by the topic models of the frontier evergreen index are obtained. The frontier articles with positive quality assessments are reclassified against the topic models in the home evergreen index. The frontier articles are provided in a display with home articles previously classified against the topic models in the home evergreen index.

Digital sensemaking is sensemaking mediated by a digital information infrastructure, such as the Worldwide Web ("Web"). Through the Web, users can access both "traditional" Web sites that post information from diverse sources and interactive Web sites, including moderated Web logs or "blogs," user forums, and Web sites with voting, which allow users to actively rank new information.
As a digital information repository, the Web continually evolves as events occur, ideas get synthesized, and new trends emerge. New information is posted continuously. Information awareness, though, remains artificially constrained. Mainstream media Web sites generally only cover popular topics, such as news, business, politics, sports, entertainment, and weather, but a host of additional topics exist through other Web sources, which may fall outside the scope of a reader's, or publisher's, core set of interests. These topics range from slightly less popular topics, for instance, technology news, to specialized or obscure topics that are relevant to a comparatively small number of people, such as evening class schedules for a local community college.
The demand for items in many markets follows a "Long Tail" distribution, such as described in C. Anderson, The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business is Selling Less of More, (Hyperion Press) (2006), the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference. FIG. 1 is a graph showing, by way of example, a hypothetical long tail distribution 10 for digital information. The x-axis represents digital information and the y-axis represents popularity level. Items appearing at the head of the distribution 11, although few in number, enjoy the greatest popularity, such as media stories falling into a small number of popular categories. However, items along the "long tail" 12, which cover niche topics with smaller readerships, outnumber head items 11. Although any single head item 11 enjoys greater popularity than any one of the long tail items 12, the aggregate popularity of a large enough group of long tail items 12 will exceed the popularity of all head items 11 when enough long tail items 12 are included, which implies that a larger overall audience could be reached by focusing on long tail topics, provided the audience can be made aware of them.
Consumers of information have only a limited amount of time and cannot pay attention to everything. As more topics become available, mainstream topics receive a shrinking fraction of readers' attention. Analogously, prime time television audiences are currently shrinking, as cable and satellite networks improve their programming and increase their viewership. Similarly, musical "hits" today sell fewer copies than sold a decade ago, as more choices and purchasing options become available. The economics and popularity trends from these observations can be succinctly summarized: "if you give people choices, they take them" and "the head of the distribution is shrinking."
The problem is not only finding new or popular information: the problem is finding new information falling outside areas of core topical interests that nevertheless remain relevant while simultaneously pushing the envelope. Myopia sets in easily and focusing on only familiar and known topics risks missing new ideas or emerging trends. The amount of information on the "frontier" of a reader's core set of topics is larger than the body of information in main focus. Moreover, fringe topics are generally less important to the reader than the core topics, and are thus more easily overlooked.
Topics that will become important to readers often make their first appearance just beyond the boundaries of their familiar core topics. Monitoring topics on this fringe can give "beyond the radar" awareness of what's coming, potentially saving the expense of late remedies if attention is paid to the information much later. Efficiently finding relevant frontier information, though, can be a challenge, as the level of expertise is inherently lower than possessed for identifying core topical information. This problem is exacerbated by an incomplete understanding of the frontier information topics structure and a lack of awareness in identifying good sources of frontier information.
Therefore, a need remains in digital sensemaking for efficiently prospecting new, relevant, and authoritative digital information lying beyond the core topics for a specific subject area.

System and method for prospecting digital information


Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for generating a navigation route and a storage medium. The method includes: determining navigation points from a start point to an end point according to a preset navigation algorithm; determining a target panoramic point according to coordinates of the navigation points and a coordinate of a preset panoramic point; and performing fitting according to the navigation points and the target panoramic point to generate a navigation route map.

With the advancement of technology, map navigation has become a common function in users' productions and lives. Map navigation provides users with convenient and effective navigation routes for activities such as driving, traveling and the like to ensure that the users can reach the destination smoothly.
In the related art, the navigation route is planned and generated according to navigation points between a start point and an end point on a plane map, such that the user may compare with the navigation route according to the location of the user himself/herself during the traveling process, and smoothly reach the end point.
However, since the above navigation route is generated on the plane map, there is a high requirement for the user's ability of the image recognition. The user may not know how to proceed in the real environment even if he/she obtains the navigation route, making the navigation function failure.

Method and apparatus for generating navigation route and storage medium

BEIJING BAIDU NETCOM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


A closed loop fully self-contained actuation system for converting a mechanical input motion into a mechanical output motion, which actuates a device such as a flight control surface on an aircraft, comprises an input actuator including a first fluid pressurizing means responsive to the mechanical input motion, and an output actuator including a second fluid pressurizing means, as well as a flexible fluid line extending between the first and second fluid pressurizing means to provide fluid communication therebetween. The second fluid pressurizing means is responsive to fluid flow through the fluid line, thereby initialing the output motion. The system is advantageous because it requires no hydraulic pumps, no accumulators, no reservoirs, and no dynamic seals or mechanical joints, permitting great reliability. The actuation system may be easily folded in conjunction with the apparatus on which it is employed, for compact storage.

This invention relates to an actuation system, and more particularly to a flexible bellows actuation system which is capable of being folded without affecting its integrity or requiring complex dynamic seals and mechanical joints.
Actuation systems are required in many different types of apparatuses, in order to move elements of the apparatus which are more conveniently moved from a remote location than directly. One particular common aerospace application is the actuation of flight surfaces such as flaps or thruster controls. These surfaces are typically on an engine, wing, rotor, or stabilizer, and are not directly accessible to the aircraft pilot, but rather are actuated remotely from the cockpit by use of such an actuation system. Such an actuation system may be mechanical, electrical, or electro-mechanical.
Certain applications, particularly military in nature, sometimes require portions of the aircraft to fold, in order to decrease the overall dimensions of the aircraft for more compact storage. In such applications, the hinge line about which the craft is folded often intersects portions of one or more of the actuation systems, requiring that the actuation system be capable of being folded without affecting its integrity and reliability. Oftentimes, electronic or electromechanical actuators are not desirable because of the risks of jamming and electromagnetic interference (EMI). Weight, complexity, and the lack of available space at the designated break line often eliminates many mechanical candidates. For example, a standard hydraulic actuation system typically employs a ram and piston, both of which require dynamic seals. Such dynamic seals often result in leaks, which in turn cause many actuator failures.
What is needed, therefore, is an actuation system which is mechanical, simple, lightweight, and reliable, yet capable of being folded and unfolded repeatedly without loss of function or reliability.


In the field of direct mind-machine interactions, prior art devices and methods do not provide sufficiently fast and reliable results. Mental influence detectors (100, 140, 400, 430) and corresponding methods provide fast and reliable results useful for detecting an influence of mind and hidden or classically non-inferable information. An anomalous effect detector (100) includes a source (104) of non-deterministic random numbers (110), a converter (114) to convert a property of numbers, a processor to accept converter output (118) and to produce an output signal (124) representative of an influence of mind. The processor output signal (124) contains fewer numbers than the input (110). A quantum computer (400) includes a physical source of entropy (404) to generate output numbers (405); a source (406) of test numbers (407); a measurement processor 410) to accept output numbers (405) and to measure a relationship between process numbers and at least one test number to produce an output (414) representative of an influence of mind.

Devices for detecting direct mind-machine interaction (DMMI) have been proposed and researched for many years. The most carefully controlled and best-explored experiments utilize some type of true, or non-deterministic, random number generator (TRNG) that produces a sequence of random numbers, usually in a binary form. The most common random number generators used are of the electronic type that produce a sequence of random binary bits, or events. This has been referred to as a random event generator (REG).
U.S. Pat. No. 6,369,727, issued Apr. 9, 2002, to Vincze, teaches a random number generator using an analog-to-digital converter to convert random noise into digital samples that are transformed by a reductive mapping into uniformly distributed random numbers for output. U.S. Pat. No. 6,581,078, issued Jun. 17, 2003, to Liardet, teaches a random number generator in which a physical voice source produces digital signals that are combined with signals produced by a pseudo-random number generator. U.S. Pat. No. 4,853,884, issued Aug. 1, 1989, to Brown et al, teaches a random number generator in which a zener diode produces a random binary number output having a controlled degree of randomness determined in response to an input control signal.
In typical DMMI experiments, an REG is operated in conjunction with a human operator who attempts to influence the statistical properties of the REG's output sequence. The operator, or subject, is directed to intend mentally the number of ones produced in the random sequence to be either higher, lower, or equal to the statistically expected number.
The results of these experiments, compiled over thousands of experimental trials, show a small but persistent and statistically significant effect. A most notable example of a research program for detecting DMMI is the long-standing program at Princeton University, known as Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research (PEAR). This work is described in detail in the book Margins of Reality, the Role of Mind in the Physical World, by Robert Jahn and Brenda Dunne, Harcourt Brace and Company, 1987.
The PEAR lab and numerous other facilities around the world have established, to a very high level of statistical significance, the existence of a link between the mental intention of an operator and results of measurements of REG output. Demonstrating the reality of DMMI is of great scientific interest. However, the laboratory demonstration has not translated into useful devices or methods. Practical applications of DMMI have not previously been achieved due to an absence of understanding of why or how the effect manifests, and because the experimental devices and data processing methods used are not sensitive enough to the effect.
Journal articles by many authors have suggested a variety of potential uses of DMMI. These suggestions are made without disclosing means for their implementation. Apparatuses for experiments involving DMMI have been complex and expensive. U.S. Pat. No. 5,830,064, issued Nov. 3, 1998, to Bradish et al, teaches a method and apparatus of generating values and detecting whether the values fall outside chance expectations. This patent involves converting some of the values according to a selection pattern in order to measure a collective statistical variance.
There are, in fact, no practical devices currently on the market that utilize DMMI. This is because all previous devices and methods have required intense and extended effort to produce even a single correct bit of information.

Device and method for responding to influences of mind