A method for operating a mobile station (10) includes a first step of placing the mobile station in a camping state for receiving a control channel of a communications system. Prior to executing an evaluation of at least one other channels, the method determines if the current communications system was manually selected by a user. If not, the method executes the evaluation of the at least one other channel. If the current communications system was manually selected by the user, the method instead determines if the signal strength of the control channel is equal to or less than a threshold signal strength. If it is, the method executes the evaluation of the at least one other channel; else the method instead returns to the camping state without executing the evaluation of the at least one other channel.

In modern mobile telecommunications systems a mobile station may have a choice as to whether to operate with a public cellular system or with an autonomous system, such ti as a residential system of a private system Typically it will be desirable to operate with a selected autonomous system, which may provide a more favorable rate structure than the public cellular system(s), or that may provide a desired service not offered by the public cellular system(s). A particular autonomous system may be a residential system that serves the user's home, or a private system that serves the user's workplace.
One such modern cellular system is referred to as IS-136, which is described in IS-136.1, Rev. A, February 1996, and subsequent updated releases. This system employs Digital Control Channels (DCCHs) that enable a mobile station to gain access to the system. When a mobile station scans for and subsequently monitors a DCCH, it is said to be "ucamped" on that particular DCCH. Page messages and other information are received from the DCCH.
In Section 6.3.19 of IS-136.1 there is described a non-public mode search procedure that is to be implemented by IS-136 compliant mobile stations. As defined, while camping on a DCCH a mobile station user may decide to initiate a Non-Public Mode Search Condition in order to search for service with an alternate system (System Identification (SID), Private System Identification (PSID), or Residential System Identification (RSID)) on the current DCCH and/or other DCCHs. Two possible procedures are defined for Non-Public Mode Search: New PSID/RSID Search and Manual System Search.
Discussing first the New PSID/RSID Search procedure, when the user invokes this procedure the mobile station proceeds to collect one signal strength measurement on each frequency in the current frequency band. Next, the mobile station makes a list of up to 24 channels with the strongest signals, and then tunes to the strongest channel in the list. The mobile station then determines if this channel contains a DCCH. If the channel contains a DCCH, the mobile station reads the Fast Broadcast Control Channel (F-BCCH) and determines therefrom if the DCCH is marked with a non-public Network Type (Private and/or Residential) that is enabled in the mobile station. If this is the case, the mobile station marks the DCCH as DCCH.sub.-- 1. If the channel does not contain a DCCH, or if the DCCH is not marked with a non-public Network Type that is enabled in the mobile station, then a determination is made if this is the last channel in the channel list. If it is, the procedure ends, otherwise the mobile station reads the next strongest channel in the channel list and the process repeats.
After possibly performing a Test Registration procedure, and marking an appropriate PSID/RSID as SYS.sub.-- 1, the mobile station displays an indication of SYS.sub.-- 1 to the user. This enables the user to select SYS.sub.-- 1, using the mobile station's user interface (e.g., keypad). After other processing, a determination is made if DCCH.sub.-- 1 is the current DCCH. If it is not, the mobile station adds DCCH.sub.-- 1 to a list of channels identified as requiring measurements (see Section 18.104.22.168, Control Channel Locking) The mobile station then, after an appropriate delay required for channel measurement purposes (see Section 184.108.40.206), declares a Priority System Condition (see Section 6.2.3) using DCCH.sub.-- 1 as the only reselection candidate. The CELLTYPE for DCCH.sub.-- 1 defaults to PREFERRED until otherwise determined In addition, the mobile station determines the MS.sub.-- ACC PWR, RSS.sub.-- ACC MIN, SS .sub.-- SUFF and DELAY (see Section 22.214.171.124.2) for DCCH.sub.-- 1 prior to involving or while executing the Control Channel Reselection procedure (see Section 6.3.3).
In the Manual System Search procedure, the mobile station proceeds as follows. The mobile station first searches the current DCCH and neighboring DCCHs (including Private Operating Frequencies (POFs) if they exist) for all candidates that support one or more of the PSIDs, RSIDs, and all SIDs that the mobile station subscribes to. The mobile station then displays a PSID/RSID Alphanumeric Name of each PSID or RSID supported by the candidate control channels that match a PSID or RSID stored in the mobile station, and the Alphanumeric System ID of the preferred SID. The mobile station then marks as DCCH.sub.-- 1 the candidate control channel supporting the SID, PSID, or RSID matching the Alphanumeric System ID or PSID/RSID Alphanumeric Name selected by the user using the mobile station's user interface. If more than one candidate control channel supports the selected PSID, RSID, or SID, then the candidate with the highest signal strength is marked as DCCH.sub.-- 1. If no SID, PSID, or RSID is selected by the user, the procedure is simply terminated.
If DCCH.sub.-- 1 is not the current DCCH, then the mobile station performs the same steps as described above for the New PSID/RSID search procedure, i.e., adding DCCH.sub.-- 1 to the list of channels identified as requiring measurements, etc.
Section 6.2.3 of IS-136.1 specifies the operation of the mobile station in a DCCH Camping State. Upon entering this state from a Control Channel Scanning and Locking state (Section 6.2.2), or for the first time as a result of control channel reselection, the mobile station always makes an initial reading of a full cycle of the F-BCCH and the Extended Broadcast Control Channel (E-BCCH). When operating in this state the mobile station does not make an access attempt until it has completed its initial reading of a full cycle of the F-BCCHI. After completing its initial reading of the F-BCCH, the mobile station leaves the DCCH Camping state in order to process any of a number of specified transactions These transactions include, but are not limited to, the occurrence of an originated or a terminated call, a registration, and an originated point to point teleservice.
The Layer 3 controller of the mobile station remains in the DCCH camping state as long as it is logically connected to the best DCCH according to control channel (re)selection rules. While in the DCCH Camping State the mobile station is specified to respond to the occurrence of a number of different conditions. These include, but are not limited to, a determination that an Analog Control Channel (ACC) is a preferred service provider, a radio link failure, and, of most interest to this invention, a Periodic Evaluation condition.
The Periodic Evaluation condition, as currently-defined, exists whenever the mobile station decides to evaluate the signal strength performance of other DCCHs. This condition is specified to occur at least once every SCANINTERVAL (see Section 126.96.36.199) when a Full.sub.-- Reselect.sub.-- Data.sub.-- Indicator is set (see Section 188.8.131.52). Whenever this condition is detected the mobile station invokes a Control Channel Reselection procedure (see Section 6.3.3) using the results obtained according to a Signal Strength Measurements procedure (see Section 188.8.131.52). A Neighbor List having entries acquired on the current DCCH, Private Operating Frequencies (see Section 6.3.21) and/or a DCCH identified as a result of a Non-Public Mode Search (see Section 6.3.19) can all serve as candidates for cell reselection.
However, this conventional technique causes a problem when the user has manually selected either a SID, PSID, or RSID using the procedure described above. In this case, and assuming that the mobile station has camped on the DCCH of the manually selected system, the above-described Periodic Evaluation procedure will result almost immediately in the mobile station beginning to scan for another, stronger DCCH. This can result in the mobile station reselecting to another DCCH, thereby defeating and overriding the user's manual selection of a particular system. It can be appreciated that this type of operation will be objectionable to the user.

Method and apparatus to provide manual reselection on a digital control channel


A Ni—Fe—Cr alloy having high strength, ductility and corrosion resistance especially for use in deep-drilled, corrosive oil and gas well environments, as well as for marine environments. The alloy comprises in weight %: 35-55% Ni, 12-25% Cr, 0.5-5% Mo, up to 3% Cu, 2.1-4.5% Nb, 0.5-3% Ti, up to 0.7% Al, 0.005-0.04% C, balance Fe plus incidental impurities and deoxidizers. The alloy must also satisfy the ratio of (Nb-7.75 C)/(Al+Ti)=0.5-9 in order to obtain the desired high strength by the formation of γ′ and γ″ phases. The alloy has a minimum of 1% by weight γ″ phase dispersed in its matrix for strength purposes and a total weight percent of γ′+γ″ phases being between 10 and 30.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to corrosion resistant metal alloys and, more particularly, to nickel-iron-chromium alloys which are particularly useful in corrosive oil and gas well and marine environments where high strength, corrosion resistance and reasonable cost are desired attributes.
2. Description of Related Art
As the older shallow and less corrosive oil and gas wells deplete, higher strength and more corrosion resistant materials are needed to allow for deeper drilling which encounters more corrosive environments.
Oil patch applications now require alloys of increasing corrosion resistance and strength. These increasing demands arise from factors including: deep wells that involve higher temperatures and pressures; enhanced recovery methods such as steam or carbon dioxide (CO2) injection; increased tube stresses especially offshore; and corrosive well constituents including: hydrogen sulfide (H2S), CO2 and chlorides.
Materials selection is especially critical for sour gas wells—those containing H2S. Sour well environments are highly toxic and extremely corrosive to traditional carbon steel oil and gas alloys. In some sour environments, corrosion can be controlled by using inhibitors along with carbon steel tubulars. The inhibitors, however, involve continuing high cost and are often unreliable at high temperatures. Adding corrosion allowance to the tubing wall increases weight and reduces interior tube dimensions. In many cases, the preferred alternative in terms of life-cycle economy and safety is the use of a corrosion resistant alloy for tubulars and other well components. These corrosion resistant alloys eliminate inhibitors, lower weight, improve safety, eliminate or minimize workovers and reduce downtime.
Martensitic stainless steels, such as the 13% chromium alloys satisfy corrosion resistance and strength requirements in slightly corrosive oil patch applications. The 13% alloys, however, lack the moderate corrosion resistance and strength required of low-level sour gas wells. Cayard et al., in "Serviceability of 13Cr Tubulars in Oil and Gas Production Environments," published sulfide stress corrosion data that indicate 13Cr alloys have insufficient corrosion resistance for wells that operate in the transition region between sour gas and non-sour gas environments. Further background art may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,358,511 to Smith, Jr. et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,945,067 to Hibner et al.
While the mildly corrosive wells are handled by various 13Cr steels, Ni-base alloys are needed for the more highly corrosive environments. Among the more commonly used Ni-base alloys for oil patch use are austenite high-Ni-base alloys such as, for example, alloys 718, 725, 825, 925, G-3, C-276 which provide increased resistance to corrosive sour gas environments. These aforementioned alloys, however, are either too expensive or do not possess the necessary combination of high strength and corrosion resistance.
The present invention solves the problems encountered in the prior art by providing an alloy with excellent corrosion resistance to function in sour gas environments coupled with excellent mechanical properties for service in demanding deep well oil and gas applications. In addition, the present invention provides a high strength and corrosion resistant alloy for use in oil patch applications at a reasonable cost.

High strength corrosion resistant alloy for oil patch applications


A holder for decorative sheet material comprising two separate pieces, one piece for attaching to an upper edge portion of a sheet material and for hanging from a wall, the other piece for attaching to a lower edge portion of the sheet material. Each piece of the holder comprises a top plate and a base plate hingedly connected together, and means such as a post, adhesive tape or spring-loaded clip for connecting the sheet material to the base plate. In particular embodiments, spring-loaded clips both hingedly connect the top and base plates, and act as a means to connect the sheet material to the base plate.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates generally to holders for hanging sheet materials and in particular to holders for hanging calendars from walls.
2. Related Art
Calendars and other decorative sheet materials such as posters, papers, tapestries, quilts, fabrics, charts and the like are typically hung from walls using hooks, nails or clips. Although functional, this way of presenting decorative sheet materials is aesthetically limited. Further, the pages of calendars hung in this manner have a tendency to curl and the bottom pages to bow. Another way to present calendars is by means of a frame. However, such frames are relatively bulky, especially when large calendars are involved. What is needed is a holder for decorative sheet materials that is aesthetically appealing, that keeps sheet materials flat, and that is less bulky that a frame.


A semiconductor wafer prober is configured to rotate a semiconductor wafer into relative alignment with a wafer-interface probe adapted to simultaneously probe a number of integrated circuits within a sector of the semiconductor wafer. The wafer can include integrated circuits having different orientations, such that all of the integrated circuits within a given sector being tested have the same orientation. For example, a semiconductor wafer can include two semicircular sectors, with the integrated circuits on either sector having a common orientation rotated 180 degrees from a common orientation of the integrated circuits of the other sector. A wafer-interface probe, or probe card, adapted to test the entire semicircular sector during a single touch down is able to test the entire wafer with one rotational translation between testing.

Manufacturers of semiconductor devices routinely test their products at the wafer level and the packaged-device level using sophisticated test systems commonly referred to as automatic test equipment. The equipment generally drives waveforms to and detects outputs from one or more integrated circuits of a wafer under test. Detected outputs are compared against known good values or ranges to determine whether the integrated circuit is functioning properly. It is beneficial to identify defective integrated circuits on a given wafer before any further effort is made in packaging defective integrated circuits.
A focus of semiconductor manufacturers is improving test throughput to process the highest possible volume of integrated circuits in a most economical manner using automated test systems. Efficient testing of semiconductor devices generally requires an apparatus to move and quickly connect the integrated circuit to the tester. A machine specially adapted to move wafers is referred to as a prober, or more generally as handling apparatus.
One approach to improving throughput at wafer-level test involves testing multiple integrated circuits of a single wafer at substantially the same time. Wafer-interface probes have been developed together with test systems to probe and test multiple integrated circuits during a single touch down of the probe onto the wafer. Despite this approach, multiple touchdowns are still typically required to test all of the integrated circuits of a single wafer. Inefficiencies are introduced when simultaneously probing multiple integrated circuits due at least in part to the circular shape of the wafer substrate; the rectangular arrangement, or lattice, of integrated circuits provided thereon; and the square or rectangular shape of the probing head. Namely, some of the probes do not land on integrated circuits during touch downs performed along the edge portions of the wafer. Consequently, some of the channels available on the test system are left unused. Unused test resources represents an inefficiency resulting in more touchdowns being necessary to test all of the integrated circuits of a single wafer.
Alternatively or in addition, some of the probes may touchdown on the same integrated circuit more than once as a wafer-interface probe is positioned and repositioned to test all of the integrated circuits of a single wafer. Again this results in an inefficient use of test resources.

Rotational positioner and methods for semiconductor wafer test systems


An inverter device includes a switching device which performs on-off switching of an input voltage, a step-up transformer which applies an excitation current to its winding during a switching-device-on period and outputs an output voltage during a switching-device-off period, an input-voltage detector which detects the input voltage and output an input-voltage detection signal, an output voltage detector which detects the output voltage and output an output-voltage detection signal, an output-produced-period detector which detects a period when the output voltage is produced based on the output-voltage detection signal, a comparator which detects a period when the output-voltage detection signal exceeds the input-voltage detection signal and output information indicating the output-high period, and a shifting unit which shifts the information indicating the output-high period to a next period when absence of the output produced period is detected. The control unit adjusts the switching-device-on period based on information indicating the shifted output-high period.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to an inverter device that performs on-off switching of an input voltage using a switching device so that an excitation current is applied to an excitation winding of a step-up transformer in ON period of the switching device and an output voltage exhibiting a half-wave alternating-current (AC) waveform is delivered from an output winding of the step-up transformer in OFF period of the switching device, a plasma generator apparatus including the inverter device and a control method employed in the inverter device.
2. Description of the Related Art
A switching regulator or an inverter device is used to supply high voltage to a variety of device such as a discharge tube for a large plasma display or a plasma generator apparatus.
Inverter devices that deliver output power of several watts are in common use. However, inverter devices that deliver AC output whose voltage is over ten kilovolts and whose power value is several tens of watts or higher are employed in plasma generator and the like.
A general switching regulator (DC-DC converter) intermittently applies a direct-current (DC) voltage to a primary excitation winding of a voltage-converting transformer by on-off switching the DC voltage using a switching device, and rectifies and smooths an AC current generated in a secondary output winding of the transformer, thereby outputting a DC voltage.
The output voltage is kept at a constant voltage by, for example, pulse-width modulation (PWM) control that controls a ratio (duty ratio) between switching-device-on time and switching-device-off time. The PWM control is performed by detecting the output voltage and producing a feedback voltage based on the detected voltage as disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 2009-11144, for example.
More specifically, the output voltage is controlled to be constant by increasing ON width of switching pulse when the output voltage drops to thereby compensate for low output power, while reducing the ON width when the output voltage rises to thereby curtail excessively high output power.
As described above, an inverter device intermittently applies a DC voltage to a primary excitation winding of a voltage-converting transformer by on-off switching the DC voltage using a switching device, but delivers an AC voltage generated in a secondary output winding as it is to a load.
Some type of such an inverter device is configured to apply PWM control to the switching device by detecting the output current rather than the output voltage and replacing the detected output current with a voltage corresponding thereto. An example of such an inverter device is disclosed in published Japanese translation of WO2007/060941.
Such a technique disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 2009-11144 that performs PWM control of a switching pulse for use in on-off control of a switching device by detecting an output voltage is applicable to switching regulators that output DC voltages. Furthermore, because switching regulators have a holding time provided by an electrolytic capacitor or the like in a smoothing circuit on the output side, a problem in control responsiveness does not arise in a switching regulator.
By contrast, because inverter devices deliver AC output, it is difficult to control an inverter device so as to deliver output voltage having a constant crest value (peak voltage value) irrespective of whether the output voltage is a full-wave voltage or a half-wave voltage.
In a condition where an inverter device has a fixed load, and duty ratio, switching frequency, resonant frequency, input voltage, and like circuit conditions that depend on the load are fixed, it can be assumed that change in crest value of output voltage will depend only on an environmental change and a secular change of components. Nevertheless, it is desirable that the crest value of the output voltage is kept approximately constant even if the load varies with temperature, elapsed time, or the like. It is further desirable that a substantially-constant output voltage can be obtained even if the input voltage varies or the load varies dynamically.
Meanwhile, an instantaneous peak output voltage and large difference between the peak and a valley of the voltage make the number of devices necessary for detecting the output voltage large. As a result, a delay in control response time is caused by a parasitic inductance. The effect of the delay becomes more noticeable as the frequency of repetition of the output voltage waveform increases and the crest value drops or rises excessively as the frequency is high.
At worst, the delay can cause resonant frequency drift. If an excitation current of ON period of a next switching cycle flows through the inverter device to which a resonating voltage is being applied, energy of a residual voltage can produce an excessive current, thereby causing resonance to be lost. As a result, electric power exceeding a maximum power rating of the switching device may damage the switching device or transformer saturation may occur.
Thus, use of an inverter device that delivers AC output having a switching frequency of as high as several tens of kilohertz and having a crest value of output voltage as high as over ten kilovolts, which is achieved by making use of voltage resonance, can arise not only a problem of the control responsiveness described above but also problems related to withstand voltages of an output-voltage detector and components, a time period during which the resonance is to be completed, and the like.
However, in such an inverter device as described above, it has been typical that output voltage is not monitored constantly but merely adjusted to an input supply voltage manually set in advance.
Under the circumstances, there is a need for an inverter device that controls its AC output voltage so as to have a constant crest value even when its input voltage varies.
It is an object of the present invention to at least partially solve the problems in the conventional technology.

Inverter device, plasma generator apparatus and control method


A request that includes an indication of an execution context and data that represents executable code is obtained. An analysis of the data is initiated based on generating a first templatized representation of the executable code. A list of clearance indicators that indicate a blocking status associated with respective forms of templatized representations is accessed. A workflow policy is determined based on the accessing of the list of clearance indicators. The list of clearance indicators is updated, based on a result of the analysis of the data.

Many kinds of distributed applications are vulnerable to issues related to the influence of untrusted/user-controlled data on runtime execution. It is common for untrusted data (such as input fields on a web page) to be processed in order to execute database queries or to construct mark-up (and code) which is subsequently rendered and/or executed. Because untrusted inputs may be part of a process involved in the functionality of various applications, and because these inputs may be generally provided as strings and/or other data types which may not be processed/executed directly, application code may integrate/convert them to a form which may subsequently be executed.

Validating normalized code representations


Disclosed herein are methods and apparatus for providing markings upon objects, including the read side of an optical information media, where the markings do not substantially interfere with object, including the use of the optical information media. This invention discloses use of a coating, marking schemes, printing of markings with UV light, as well as methods and apparatus for reading and deciphering said marking. Included is an authentication scheme, where the marking may be used as a lock to limit access to information contained in an optical information media.

Many articles, such as optical media, including DVDs (digital versatile discs) and CDs (compact discs), as well as documents such as passports, personal identification, artwork and others are frequently considered valuable. Advancements in various printing and other technologies have improved the ability to incorporate identification information into many of these articles. As a result, schemes for including information have become increasingly sophisticated. For example, security marking schemes now include various embodiments of logos, bar codes and digital watermarks. However, some items, such as optical media present challenges to existing technology, and require further advanced schemes.
An example of an advanced security marking is a digital watermark. Digital watermarks are known, and increasingly used in a variety of applications. Watermarks, or signatures, are typically produced by using semantic information of the item to be protected. For example, digital watermarks may include alphanumeric characters, physical features, etc. or other related information (e.g. ownership information). These signatures, or watermarks, are typically kept with, or incorporated covertly or overtly into the item to be protected. For example, a watermark may be printed within the substrate of a negotiable instrument that includes information regarding the value and the originator of the instrument.
Various digital watermarking techniques are known for both still and video images. For example, reference may be had to U.S. Pat. No. 6,343,138 B1, entitled "Security Documents with Hidden Digital Data", issued Jan. 29, 2002. This patent discloses, among other things, embedding a digital watermark into a video signal or a still image.
Some of the known techniques include separately coding the image and a watermark image using a pseudo random number generator and a discrete cosine transform (DCT) to form coded blocks, one of the image to be watermarked and the other of the watermark itself. The DCT coefficients representing the coded watermark block and the coded image block are then added together to form a combined block thus digitally watermarking the image.
Reference may also be had to U.S. Pat. No. 6,037,984, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Embedding a Watermark into a Digital Image or Image Sequence," by Isnardi et al., issued Mar. 14, 2000. This patent discloses watermarking an image or sequence of images using a conventional DCT unit and quantizer. The patent discloses generating an array of quantized DCT coefficients and watermarking the array by selecting certain ones of the DCT coefficients and replacing them with zero values. The masked array is further processed by a watermark inserter that replaces the zero valued coefficients with predefined watermark coefficients to form a watermarked array of DCT coefficients, that is, a watermarked image.
Techniques for embedding a watermark are typically dependent upon the substrate, and the existing technology for marking the substrate. For example, one technology that has been useful in the improvement of the quality of still images is printing of images with UV curable ink. Inks, which require UV exposure to cure, are generally considered to be superior to traditional solvent-based inks for reasons that include the versatile application of the ink. Ease of application has resulted from, among other things, the solid composition of the ink, the ink can be laid down heavily, and cured almost instantaneously. Other advantages include increased wear, and better color control. Although printing with UV curable ink can provide for improved printed images over conventional solvent-based inks, it does not lend itself well to some marking applications. For instance, printing with UV curable ink may improve the quality of a marking on the backside of a CD, however, addition of such ink would impede the functionality if deposited on the read side.
It is also well known to apply fluorescent coatings for identification. Reference in this regard may be had to U.S. Pat. No. 3,513,320, entitled "Article Identification System Detecting Plurality of Colors Disposed on Article," issued May 19, 1970, by Weldon.
In addition, invisible ink may used to provide concealed markings. For example, reference may be had to U.S. Pat. No. 6,203,069, entitled "Label Having an Invisible Bar Code Applied Thereon," issued May 8, 2001. Additionally, U.S. Pat. No. 6,138,913, entitled "Security Document and Method Using Invisible Coded Markings," issued Oct. 31, 2000. These patents disclose variations of invisible bar codes, wherein invisible ink is used in a bar code.
It is further known that fluorescing materials may be incorporated into various materials, including polymeric materials. For example, reference may be bad to U.S. Pat. No. 6,120,902 "Luminescent Article with Protective Coating and Manufacture" issued Sep. 19, 2000. This patent discloses the use of luminescent materials to create a luminescent article, the coating of the materials, and the curing of the coating with radiation. Although such combinations of materials may provide some advantages, the combination of luminescent materials and a coating may not be adequate for some sophisticated marking schemes.
Further, it is known to apply radiation sensitive coatings to objects for imaging by exposure to light of various wavelengths. Furthermore, the use of photo-generated acids in combinations with acid sensitive color forming compounds is well known. For example, refer to U.S. Pat. No. 5,436,115, entitled "Systems for the Visualization of Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation," issued Jul. 25, 1995. Likewise, invisible fluorescent images may be developed using similar technology and acid sensitive fluorescent dyes, such as those reported in "Positive and negative fluorescent imaging induced by naphthalimide polymers" by He Tian, Jiaan Gan, Kongchang Chen, Jun He, Qun Liang Songb and Xiao Yuan Houb, Journal of Materials Chemistry 2002, 12, 1262–1267.
In addition, reference may be bad to U.S. Patents directed towards optical storage systems. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,953, entitled "Optical Recording Media Having Optically-Variable Security Properties" by Li Li, issued Aug. 27, 1996, discloses a technique to prevent counterfeiting of various substrates through introducing thin film structures having optically variable security properties and encoded optical data. This patent discloses the use of a multilayer interference coating, which may be characterized by optically variable properties. However, the teachings of this patent can be difficult to implement in a high volume optical media production environment.
Another U.S. Pat. No. 5,510,163, entitled "Optical Storage Media Having Visible Logos", by Sullivan, et al., issued on Apr. 23, 1996. This patent also discloses a technique to prevent counterfeiting of optical storage media, specifically through producing a visible logo on the read side of the substrate. This patent discloses deposition processes for production of a logo coating, such as evaporation or sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, and others. The logos are prepared by exposing either some or all of the layers through a mask. As with U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,953, the teachings of this patent may be difficult to implement in a high volume production environment.
A need exists to provide enhanced identification, authentication and encoding capabilities for various articles of manufacture, including media containing optically readable information. More specifically, a need exists to rapidly produce images, text, or other optically encoded information on the read side of optical media. Further more, the method should not interfere with the performance of data readout from the optical media.


A system, method and program are disclosed for achieving rapid bit synchronization in low power medical device systems. Messages are transmitted via telemetry between a medical device and a communication device. The synchronization scheme uses a portion of a unique preamble bit pattern to identify the communication device allowing for economical communications with a minimum expenditure of energy. A special set of preamble bit patterns are utilized for their unique synchronization properties making them particularly suited for rapid bit synchronization. These unique preamble bit patterns further provide simplification to the preamble error detection logic.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to ambulatory medical systems that communicate via telemetry. More specifically, the invention relates to communication between a medical device and a control device using a robust telemetry protocol.
2. Description of the Related Art
Chronic health problems plague numerous individuals affecting their quality of life. Various ambulatory medical devices have been proposed and a number of such devices are commercially available which allow individuals to treat their chronic diseases (i.e, external infusion pumps, implantable pumps, etc.). Many medical devices require a separate control unit to operate the device, display settings, or give status information. These communications often require use of medical device power. The higher consumption of power leads to the shortening of battery life of the medical device. Thus, a balance to achieve robust communication and to lengthen battery life is a competing design function.

Rapid discrimination preambles and methods for using the same


Systems and methods for executing a case based on a barcode detected in a video feed are described herein. An example method commences with receiving the video feed from a video content provider. The video feed may be provided by a client. The method may continue with extracting at least one video frame from the video feed. The method may further include detecting a barcode embedded in the at least one video frame and analyzing the barcode to determine a category associated with the at least one video frame. The method may continue with ascertaining an execution case associated with the category. The method may further include selectively executing the execution case.

The use of online video services is rapidly expanding. Many online platforms offer services related to video streaming, such as live video game streaming, sports streaming, music event streaming, video on demand, and so forth. Both individual users and companies provide media content to online platforms to stream the media content to a plurality of users. When the online platform streams the media content provided by users, the actions performed by users with regard to the media content streamed are limited. Conventionally, if users want to perform some actions with regard to the media content being streamed, the users need to use additional software or online services. For example, it may be difficult for a user to insert an image into the media content on the fly when the media content is streamed by an online platform.
Additionally, the user may want certain actions to be done automatically when metrics associated with the media content that is streamed by the online platform reach a predetermined value. Such actions may include, for example, providing a payment to the user for advertisements shown in the media content when the number of viewers exceeds a predetermined value. However, conventional platforms may be unable to capture commands that are embedded into the media content or may be not able to immediately react to changing metrics of the media content by performing certain actions with regard to media content, a single user, or multiple users.

Execution of cases based on barcodes in video feeds


A measurement system that comprises at least one horizontal load measuring unit, that is preferably arranged on the leg guide is provided. The horizontal load measuring device measures or determines horizontal load on the position of the leg where the device is placed, which gives a more accurate indication of the leg bending moment than the rack phase differential measurement. Advantageously, multiple load measuring units can be provided along the leg guide.

Jack-up platforms, such as jack-up rigs and self-elevating vessels, are widely known and typically used offshore for drilling, installation and/or maintenance work. The jack-up platform is temporarily installed at a certain offshore location and can be displaced between subsequent offshore locations. Thereto, the jack-up platform comprises a hull and at least one adjustable leg. Typically, a jack-up platform can comprise three, four or more legs. The legs can be moved relative to the hull by means of a jacking system, shifting between a floating condition and an elevated condition of the jack-up platform.
In the floating condition, the hull is floating and the legs are retracted and extend substantially above the hull. In an intermediate condition, during installation, the legs are lowered to engage the seabed, whilst the hull is still afloat. To ascertain that the seabed will not be overloaded during operation or in severe environment, the jack-up platform is preloaded during installation. During preloading, the vertical load in the legs is significantly increased above the expected static leg load. After preloading, the hull is raised to the desired height, at which the elevated condition is reached.
In the elevated condition, the legs are lowered with a lower end or footing of the legs on or in the seabed, the legs are substantially below the hull and the hull is elevated compared to the floating condition, usually but not necessarily with an air gap with between hull and sea level.
In an intermediate departure condition, when preparing for departure, the hull is lowered back into the water while the legs are still on the seabed. In case a leg or the footing of a leg is stuck in the seabed, the leg must be pulled from the soil. This leg pulling operation is performed by lifting the leg using the jacking system.
During jacking or preloading, such a leg bending moment can be induced as a result of sea bed slope, horizontal leg sliding, or hull inclination. A large, or too large, leg bending moment can result in structural failure of the leg. Rack Phase Difference (RPD) measurement is currently used to indirectly derive an indication of the leg bending moment from, but capability to accurately derive the magnitude of the leg bending moment is limited.
During the leg pulling operation, with a leg footing or lower end of the leg still stuck in the seabed, the operator will increase the pulling force until the leg is freed from the soil. During this process, the combination of soil reaction forces and hydrostatic restoring forces, and wind, wave and current induced loads, creates internal forces between leg and leg guides (part of the hull structure), resulting in a leg bending moment.
During transit, in floating condition, the legs of the jack-up platform extend substantially above the hull. Depending upon sea conditions, the jack-up platform will endure linear and rotational motions. These motions lead to acceleration of the legs and associated inertial forces, again creating internal forces between leg and leg guides, resulting in a leg bending moment.
A too large leg bending moment and/or too large forces between leg guide and leg, can result in structural damage to the leg and/or to the leg guide and/or to the supporting structure such as a jackhouse or other interface structure with the hull.

Measurement system, leg guide, jack-up platform


Methods for forming, filling, and sealing a flexible recloseable container. Both vertical and horizontal methods for placing product within the container are disclosed. The invention includes guiding a web of film which has interlocking fastener strips sealed to the web. A slider for locking and unlocking the fastener strips is placed in the correct orientation, spread apart at a pair of inner feet, and inserted over the fastener strips. The slider is positioned to close a substantial portion of the strips, and then an end stop, docking station, and comer seal are formed against a sealing plate. The slider is then repositioned, and a tamper evident seal may be placed over the fastener strip.

The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for placing a product in a flexible, recloseable container, and methods and apparatus for manufacturing a flexible, recloseable container. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of sliders on profiles used with flexible recloseable containers.
Flexible, recloseable containers such as zipper-type plastic bags are a significant advancement in the field of prepackaged items both for industrial and retail uses. The packaging industry recognizes the importance of using interlocking fastener profile strips to provide the ability to reclose the container after first use. It is also important that it be easy for the user to reliably close the interlocking strips. For instance, some containers utilize multi-colored interlocking strips to make it easier for the consumer to determine if a container is closed. Another way in which to provide for reliable interlocking is by the use of a slider that opens the interlocks when moved in one direction, and closes the interlocks when moved in the other direction. Sliders have not been applied to flexible, recloseable containers being filled with a product on a form, fill, and seal machine. What is needed is a method for incorporating a slider on a flexible, recloseable container that is formed, automatically filled with a product, and sealed. The present invention provides this in a novel and unobvious way.
One aspect of the present invention provides a method for placing the product in a flexible recloseable container. The method includes feeding a web of flexible film with interlockable fastener strips. A slider is oriented to a pre-determined orientation, and placed over the fastener strips. The slider is moved relative to the fastener strips such that the fastener strips are generally closed. A transverse seal is generally formed across the film and a product is placed within the web.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for making a flexible recloseable container. The method includes providing a pair of interlockable fastener strips, a web of flexible film, and a slider, placing the slider on the pair of interlockable fastener strips, and then attaching the interlockable fastener strips with attached sliders to the web of flexible film.
This and other objects of the present invention will be found in the claims, description, and drawings of the embodiments of the present invention to follow.

Method for placing a product in a flexible recloseable container

Abstract: Placing a product in a flexible recloseable container. One method includes providing a pair of interlockable fastener strips, a web of flexible film, and a plurality of sliders, placing the sliders on the pair of interlockable fastener strips, subsequently attaching the interlockable fastener strips with attached sliders to the web of flexible film, and either placing a product within the web or providing the empty container to the consumer.


The present invention relates to a premixed fuel injector for low NOx emission and high heating load combustion. The premixed fuel injector of the present invention comprises a center nozzle and a plurality of outer nozzles arranged around the center nozzle, wherein a distance between the adjacent outer nozzles is 15 to 25 times as large as the diameter of the outer nozzle. Further, an air/fuel mixture is supplied to the outer nozzles and fuel is supplied to the center nozzle at a level of 0.1 to 10% of the total amount of fuel supplied to the outer nozzles. According to the premixed fuel injector for high heating load combustion in which nozzles are arranged as described above, there are various advantages in that it's simple, without additional devices, stable flames can be obtained, and NOx emissions are greatly reduced during combustion.

1. Field of the Invention
In the above-method of combustion, the non-premixed fuel contains a combustible material and substantially free of an oxidizer. If the non-premixed fuel contains an oxidizer, the amount of the oxidizer is in an amount smaller than about 0.5% of the amount that is minimally required to completely oxidize the combustible material therein. The premixed fuel may be a mixture comprising an oxidizer and at least one combustible material. The non-premixed fuel comprises the at least one combustible material. The method may further comprise supplying an oxidizer through at least one nozzle into the chamber. The non-premixed fuel may be supplied into the combustion chamber through a plurality of nozzles.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, flames used in gas fuels are broadly classified into a non-premixed flame (diffusion flame) in which air and fuel are separately supplied and a premixed flame in which air is beforehand mixed with fuel and the air/fuel mixture is supplied.
In non-premixed flames (diffusion flames), the range of stable flame conditions is wide but smoke is likely to be produced. In premixed flames, however, NOx emissions can be easily controlled but there is a risk of backfire or blowout. Since great importance has recently been attached to environmental pollution, emission characteristics of pollutants as well as flame stability have been considered major factors for the design and development of combustors.
As a method for reducing NOx emissions, a method for reducing combustion temperature through burnt gas recirculation, a method for performing multi-stage combustion and the like are well known in the art. The method for reducing combustion temperature through burnt gas recirculation has a problem in that it can reduce NOx emissions but requires additional design and devices for burnt gas recirculation. Further, the method for performing multi-stage combustion has been widely employed but still has a problem in that the relevant devices and their operation are complicated.
Recently, combustors tend to require high heating loads, compact size and light weight, and little environmental pollution emission. Thus, researchers and companies in combustion fields aim to develop a high efficiency, low pollution combustion technology and to put such technology to practical use.
In case of the high load combustion, combustion should be produced in a high-velocity flow field in which strong turbulence has occurred, but flames may either be extinguished due to high shear strain rates or become unstable due to abnormalities of combustion flow characteristics. Therefore, this may lead to more serious problems since more pollutants can be discharged and the combustion efficiency can also be reduced.
In particular, Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. (Hei) 7-103428 discloses a technology in which an oxygen nozzle for injecting oxygen-enriched air at high speed is installed in a central portion of a burner and fuels are injected through a plurality of nozzles installed on an outer concentric circle of the oxygen nozzle. In such a type of burner, combustion gas is introduced into a furnace as the air (oxygen) is injected at a high speed. Thus, the temperature of combustion gas in the vicinity of a burner outlet and the concentration of oxygen within the combustion air can be reduced so that the NOx emissions are reduced. Recently, this technology has been widely studied as a method for reducing NOx emissions due to high temperature combustion.
However, this technology has a problem in that it cannot be applied to practical use since its minimum NOx emission is 200 ppm or more. Furthermore, the methods for performing multi-stage combustion and the burnt gas recirculation as an existing method for reducing the NOx emissions have problems in that the production costs are high and workability and manufacturability are lowered due to the complex structures of relevant devices.

Simultaneous combustion with premixed and non-premixed fuels and fuel injector for such combustion


Lipids are removed from spent coffee grounds using certain lipophilic solvents or series of solvents. The resulting defatted spent coffee grounds contain less than about 2% lipids. The defatted spent coffee grounds act as an adsorbent for bitter coffee flavors and burnt coffee aromas. This adsorbent can be added to roast ground coffee, preferably low quality or dark roasted coffee, to reduce burnt aromas and bitter flavors associated with the corresponding brewed coffee or coffee extract.

There are many well known methods of changing or improving the flavor of brewed coffee or coffee extract. It has long been the goal of many such methods to improve coffee flavor without sacrificing the yield and convenience of conventional high temperature (i.e., temperature of aqueous extraction exceeding about 70.degree. C., 158.degree. F.) coffee extraction. Generally, high yield and high temperature extractions are convenient and economical but compromise coffee flavor. Consumers prefer the convenience of conventional brewing devices (i.e., percolators, electric percolators, drip coffee makers, automatic drip coffee makers), all of which use high temperature extraction. In the manufacture of soluble coffees, industry prefers the economics of high temperature, counter current extractions. Therefore, to be of any practical use to consumers or industry, methods of improving coffee flavor must also produce an acceptable extraction yield without sacrificing the convenience and economic benefit associated with high temperature coffee extraction.
Selective extraction is one general approach to improving the flavor of brewed coffee or coffee extract. According to this approach, a preferred ratio of bad to good coffee flavors are extracted from roast ground coffee. Ideally, this selective extraction improves the overall flavor of brewed coffees or coffee extracts without compromising its flavor strength or extraction yield.
Two well known selective extraction methods are low temperature extraction and selective extraction via adsorbents. Although both methods are known to improve coffee flavor, it is also known that each method has serious deficiencies.
It has long been known that low temperature extraction of roast ground coffee produces a brewed coffee or coffee extract having an improved flavor. As early as 1880, U.S. Pat. No. 228,889 to Gue et al. disclosed a low temperature extraction of coffee. Likewise, U.S. Pat. No. 3,700,466 to Bergeron et al., issued Oct. 24, 1972, discloses the advantages of low temperature aqueous extraction of roast ground coffee. These low temperature extractions, whether brewed coffee or coffee extract, have a preferred flavor relative to conventional high temperature extractions. For example, toddy coffee (low temperature brewed coffee) has been described as mild and aromatic with a sweet, caramel-like taste. The preferred flavor character of toddy coffee is based on relatively high levels of certain desirable coffee flavor components. These desirable components include aldehydes, diketones, pyrazines, and caramel compounds such as furaneol. The preferred flavor character of toddy coffee is also due to a much lower level of certain undesirable coffee flavor components. These undesirable flavor components include the guaiacols, as well as other phenolic compounds.
Low temperature extraction, whether by counter current methods of making soluble coffee or by brewing toddy coffee, therefore, selectively removes more good flavor components relative to bad flavor components. However, these low temperature extractions sacrifice yield for improved flavor. For example, extraction yield for toddy coffee is about 15% while conventional high temperature brewing produces about a 20-30% yield. Counter current high temperature extraction in the manufacture of soluble coffees produces about a 50-60% yield while low temperature counter current extraction yields considerably less. It would be desirable to have the preferred flavor of low temperature extracts but with the yield of conventional high temperature extraction.
Also well known is the use of adsorbents in coffee to improve the flavor of brewed coffee or coffee extract. Unlike low temperature extraction, adsorbents accommodate high temperature conditions and also preferably adsorb a favorable ratio of bad flavor components to good flavor components without sacrificing yield and convenience. Adsorbents used in roast ground coffee include activated carbons (i.e., activated charcoals), carbohydrates and carbohydrate polymers (i.e., alginic acid), synthetic polyamides (i.e., insoluble polyvinylpyrrol idone), certain mineral substances (i.e. aluminum oxides, silica gel), and proteinaceous materials (i.e., chitosan, chitan).
These prior art adsorbents have been used in various ways to improve the flavor of brewed coffee or coffee extracts. Some have been added to extraction columns in industry, to the extract from extraction columns, to packaged roast ground coffee marketed for consumer use, or to the structure of coffee filters used in conventional brewing devices. These adsorbents improve the flavor of brewed coffee or coffee extract by either adsorbing (and therefore removing) a favorable ratio of bad flavor components to good flavor components, or by adsorbing good flavor components during storage and releasing them upon extraction.
The prior art discloses various ways of using adsorbents to improve coffee aroma and flavor. Japanese Patent Application 59179034, published Oct. 11, 1984, discloses the use of amino-polysaccharide adsorbents to remove mutagenic substances from brewed coffee by incorporating the adsorbents in the fabric of, or placed between, coffee filters. EAST German Patent Application 268151, Published May 24, 1989, discloses the use of silica gel and zeolites as adsorbents added directly to packaged roast ground coffee so as to stabilize and retain coffee aroma and flavor. U.S. Pat. No. 1,930,257 to Stelkens, issued Oct. 10, 1933, also discloses adsorbents added directly to packaged roast ground coffee, the adsorbent being activated charcoals. U.S. Pat. No. 3,625,703 to Ericson, issued Dec. 7, 1971, discloses a roast ground coffee with dried vegetable matter that produces a brewed coffee having less oil and acid.
Historically, adsorbents added to coffee products have had limited success. Besides being expensive, adsorbents frequently adulterate the coffee beverage (i.e., adsorbent particles pass into the coffee beverage) and add an undesirable flavor or texture to the coffee.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a coffee composition that results in brewed coffee or coffee extract with reduced burnt aromas and reduced bitter flavors.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an adsorbent that is inexpensive, unadulterating, tasteless, and selective for bad coffee flavor notes.
These and other objects of this invention will become obvious from the description herein.

Roast ground coffee with defatted spent coffee grounds


The invention relates to a mechanical heart valve for artificial blood pumps and conduits. An occluder is located in a flow channel with an S-shaped center line and with a cross sectional area which decreases in the flow direction. The occluder is made in the form of a rotational body which can be turned around a pivot or virtual axis, which is located outside the center of gravity of the rotational body.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a mechanical heart valve for use as an artificial heart or heart support system or for use in artificial conduits as are implanted for a connection ofthe left cardiac chamber to the aorta.
2. Description of Related Art
An artificial mechanical heart valve is designed to release the blood flow in one direction and close it off in the reverse direction. In doing so it should clear an open cross section as large as possible, if the pressure upstream is greater than downstream. In this phase the occluder, the movable element ofthe mechanical heart valve, should offer as little resistance as possible to the blood flow. If this pressure relationship is reversed by the action of the heart, the mechanical heart valve will quickly close off this cross section to prevent backflow of a larger amount of blood.
The materials which are available for building this mechanical heart valve are much inferior to natural substances from which the body makes the blood-carrying components. Artificial materials can cause formation of blood clots which can hinder the function of the mechanical heart valve or also can close off blood vessels farther downstream. Besides material properties, these processes are furthermore also largely determined by the blood flow through the heart valve. Stagnation areas in which the blood moves only little or even circularly are especially disadvantageous. In technical terms these areas are flow separations and they form mainly when the flow cross section is widened or has recesses, edges and depressions. Also components which project into the flow, such as occluders, clips, axles or supports on their downstream side are associated with the danger of flow separation.
Numerous mechanical heart valves are known in which attempts are made to avoid flow separation by means of streamlined occluders.
Furthermore, mechanical heart valves are known in which the cross section in the area of their retaining ring decreases in the flow direction, so that in the area of the journal mounting accelerated flow prevails and thus the danger of flow separation is reduced. However, the area of accelerated flow extends only for a short region and does not include the entire area of the heart valve.
It is common to all these mechanical heart valves that the occluder during the flow-through phase is fixed in its angular position by stops. Usually the angle of attack of the occluder to the flow is so large that the flow separates on one side ofthe occluder and thus flow separation occurs.
It is furthermore common to all these known mechanical heart valves that flow separation on the rear edge of their retaining ring is inevitable because the flow cross section is widened here. The consequence is that all mechanical heart valves which are made of material which is not optimally compatible with blood are associated (this applies to all mechanical heart valves) with a certain rate of thromboembolic complications which then endanger the patient.
These mechanical heart valves have been developed for replacement of diseased natural hearts and are matched to the geometry of the natural flow channels found beforehand, for example, the aortic root. In artificial blood pumps on the other hand for the valves an anatomically defined geometry is not stipulated and the flow channels can be configured freely around the occluder. The same applies to conduits which are clinically used for a connection of the cardiac chamber to the aorta.


A healthy, nutritious, tasty, well balanced food, which also functions to provide regularity of bowel movement contains:. a) Citrus fruit including at least one fourth of the rind pectin, PA1 b) ginger, PA1 c) apricot or other stone fruit, PA1 d) pumpkin or other member of the squash family, PA1 e) prune, prune juice or other member of the plum family, PA1 f) bran or other fiber bulking agent, PA1 g) orange juice, PA1 h) bananas, PA1 i) applesauce, PA1 j) ascorbic acid, and PA1 k) water.

The present invention is directed to a healthy, tasteful food combination which promotes regular, normal, bowel movements.
Foods have historically been used to promote health and healing, much more in the past than in the present. There is however due to the ravages of the modern diet and life style, a renewed interest in food and healing.
The following are examples of inventions made to improve the modern life style.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,661,362 Triani (1987) discloses a process for eliminating the harsh bitter flavor associated with bran cereal by contacting the bran cereal with dried citrus peel.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,248,515 Payton et al. (1993) discloses a fruit juice and vegetable puree. The fruit juice improves the flavor of the vegetable puree.
U.S. Pat. No.5,403,606 Kurachi (1995) discloses using fruit and vegetable material and bran to make artificial rice.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,525,634 Sintov et al. (1996) discloses using a metal salt of pectin to carry drugs to the colon.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,547,671 Duthing (1996) discloses using citrus peel and ginger in a composition to prevent intoxication.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,567,424 Hastings (1996) discloses a health food containing soy lecithin, ginger, bran, apple fiber and a host of other materials.
METAMUCIL natural psyllium fiber is another modern solution to the problems caused by the modern diet and life style. METAMUCIL is fiber therapy for regularity.


Embodiments described herein provide a cover, and a method for using the cover with a surface. One embodiment of the cover comprises a flexible, substantially planar member. A plurality of reinforcing members is attached to the flexible, substantially planar member. The plurality of reinforcing members is arranged on the flexible, substantially planar member so that the flexible, substantially planar member can reliably support a load. A plurality of manipulation members is operatively associated with the plurality of reinforcing members. The plurality of manipulation members is accessible to a lifter so that the lifter can apply force to the plurality of reinforcing members and can move the load reliably supported by the flexible, substantially planar member. In a method of using a cover with a surface, a cover having a flexible, substantially planar member, a plurality of reinforcing members attached to the flexible, substantially planar member, the plurality of reinforcing members being arranged on the flexible, substantially planar member so that the flexible, substantially planar member can reliably support a load, and a plurality of manipulation members operatively associated with the plurality of reinforcing members is provided. The cover is placed on the surface. The load is allowed to accumulate on the cover. The plurality of manipulation members is accessed with a lifter. A force is applied to the plurality of reinforcing members with the lifter. The load reliably supported by the flexible, substantially planar member is moved with the lifter.

Disclosed herein are a number of embodiments of a cover. Also disclosed are methods of using a cover.
In many disciplines, such as the construction field and the like, a work area including a work surface is involved. The work surface may be outdoors, and may be susceptible to many factors like snow, ash and other complicating materials, falling upon the work surface. In the case of snow, the work surface, periodically, may be covered with a layer of snow. This layer may be inches thick, thereby making further work more complicated or dangerous. Sometimes, work may be halted until the layer of snow is removed from the work surface. Snow removal takes time and effort and is costly. The time it takes to remove the snow from the work surface is time that could be spent working. Thus, snow removal not only costs time and money, but also results in lost work time. It is desirable to provide a reliable way of removing the layer of snow from a work surface in a timely, cost effective fashion.


A system and method for preventing an animal being managed by a human from approaching a certain area using image recognition technology includes an apparatus put on the animal, and a marker having either a preset color or a preset shape or both and installed in the certain area. The apparatus put on the animal includes a camera to capture a ground surface image of a movement path of the animal, a stimulus applicator to apply a stimulus to the animal, a memory to store an image of the marker, and a control unit, and operates the stimulus applicator to apply a stimulus to the animal when an image matched with the image of the marker stored in the memory is recognized in the image captured by the camera as the animal moves.

The present disclosure relates to a system and method for controlling animals, and more particularly, to a system and method for preventing animals, for example, pet animals such as dogs, cats, or livestock, from approaching or escaping a certain area.
In agriculture, fences are used to keep animals, in particular wild animals out of an area. Electric fencing having a high voltage electric current flowing within is also sometimes used to keep such wild animals out. However, this electric fence used to keep wild animals out, has a drawback of unintentionally providing an electric shock to others, such as people, livestock, or pet animals.
Meanwhile, Patent Literature 1 (Publication of U.S. Pat. No. 5,870,973) discloses a system in which a high frequency receiver capable of applying a stimulus such as an electric shock is put around a neck of a pet dog, a wire (a transmitter antenna, a fence) is laid underground along a perimeter of a certain area the pet dog is prohibited from escaping or approaching, a transmitter transmits a high frequency signal through the wire, and when the pet dog approaches the wire, the high frequency receiver worn around the neck of the pet dog detects the high frequency signal and a stimulus is applied to the neck of the pet dog to keep the pet dog from approaching the wire (fence).
Also, Patent Literature 2 (Publication of U.S. Pat. No. 7,046,152) teaches a system in which a low power transmitter is installed in a certain zone (area), and when a pet dog approaches the transmitter, a receiver fastened around a neck of the pet dog senses a high frequency signal from the transmitter and a stimulus is applied to a pet dog like Patent Literature 1.
Also, Patent Literature 3 (Publication of U.S. Pat. No. 8,297,233) is basically similar to Patent Literature 2, and describes a wireless fence system, in which a single base unit having a sufficiently large control range (certain area) with a radius of ten or more meters is installed, and when a sensitivity of a high frequency signal being received in a receiver fastened around a neck of a pet dog from the base unit drops down to a predetermined value or less, a stimulus is applied to the pet dog like Patent Literature 1.
Also, Patent Literature 4 (Publication of U.S. Pat. No. 6,903,682) provides a system in which a receiver having a stimulus applying function and a GPS receiving function as well as a memory is worn around a neck of a pet dog, a perimeter of a certain area is stored (set) in the memory, a current location of the pet dog is detected based on a GPS signal being received by the receiver from a satellite, and when the pet dog comes close to the set perimeter of the certain area, a stimulus is applied to the pet dog like Patent Literature 1.
However, the systems of Patent Literatures 1 through 4 have the following drawbacks.
First, in the case of the system of Patent Literature 1, there is a disadvantage of having to bury the wire (transmitter antenna) along the perimeter of a certain area. Also, having to move an already installed wire (fence) to another location is difficult, and it is impossible for an ordinary person (an owner of a pet dog) to find and repair an unexpectedly disconnected wire. Also, in the case of the system of Patent Literature 3, the perimeter of a certain area can only be set in a shape of a circle having a predetermined radius from the base unit and when an obstruction such as a building exists within the perimeter, there may be a difference between a desired perimeter and an actually implemented perimeter. Also, in the case of the system of Patent Literature 4, it is not designed for indoor use and the signal received from the satellite may be influenced by weather conditions.
Above all, in addition to the difficulties inherent to the respective systems, the systems disclosed in Patent Literatures 1 through 4 have common problems in that a transmitter or a receiver requires costly electronic components and it is impossible for an ordinary person to maintain and repair the systems because they are based on a communication technology for transmission and reception of a high frequency signal. Also, since the systems disclosed in Patent Literatures 1 through 4 commonly need a transmitter (or a base unit or a satellite), it costs a great deal to construct an entire system and it is impossible for an ordinary person to maintain and repair a transmitter. Further, since power needs to be supplied to a transmitter, there exists a limitation on an installation location of the transmitter, and if a battery is used to supply power to the transmitter, there is an inconvenience in having to replace the battery at a proper time. In the case of the system of Patent Literature 4 using a GPS, although a user does not have to pay attention to a satellite corresponding to a transmitter, initial system setup such as setting at least a perimeter of a certain area is required and when time for initial setup or settings change, a device other than a receiver, such as a computer, is necessary.

System and method for preventing animals from approaching certain areas using image recognition


This application provides to a method for identifying one or more prostate tissue samples in a database that are closest to a test prostate sample, which can be used to aid pathologists when examining prostate tissues to attain reliable and consistent diagnoses of prostate cancer. Also provided are databases and computer algorithms that can be used with such methods.

Quality assurance in clinical pathology plays a critical role in the management of patients with prostate cancer, as pathology is the gold standard of diagnosis and forms a cornerstone of patient therapy. Methods to integrate quality development, quality maintenance, and quality improvement to ensure accurate and consistent test results are, hence, critical to cancer management. These factors have a direct bearing on patient outcomes, financial aspects of disease management as well as malpractice concerns. One of the major failings in prostate pathology today is the rate of missed tumors and variability in grading. It is well known that the grading of prostate tissues suffers from intra- and inter-pathologist variability [1]. In the studies of intra- and inter-pathologist reproducibility [2, 3], the exact intra-pathologist agreement was achieved in 43-78% of the instances, and in 36-81% of the instances, the exact inter-pathologist agreement was reported. It is also known that the variability of the grading could be reduced after pathologists are re-trained. There could be many ways to educate pathologists such as meetings, courses, online tutorials, etc. [4], but these are not time- and cost-effective for routine everyday decisions. Therefore, building an automated, fast, and objective method to aid pathologists to examine prostate tissues will greatly help to attain reliable and consistent diagnoses.
Several automated systems for the grading of prostate tissues have been developed [5-14]. The majority of systems use texture and/or morphological features to characterize and classify tissue samples into correct classes. However, the information which pathologists obtain by using such methods is limited since these only provide the predicted grade in general. The prediction also relies on the training data. These prior efforts always sought to match a sample completely to provide a diagnosis, rather than provide matching candidates. Further, the role of other modalities in the process was not clear.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Automated prostate tissue referencing for cancer detection and diagnosis

THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS


A biological tissue transplant coated with a stabilized multilayer alginate coating and a method for preparation of the stabilized multilayer coating. Coating has three primary layers of the alginate with a polyamino acid barrier emplaced between a primary and a secondary layer. The secondary "halo" layer of soft gel is formed by a gel gradient created between weakly bound cross-linking gelling divalent cations of an alginate used for the primary layer of the coating and non-gelling counter ions of a non-ionic alginate of the secondary layer of the coating.

Field of Invention
The current invention concerns a biological tissue transplant coated with a stabilized multilayer alginate coating and a method for preparation of such stabilized multilayer coating. The method involves formation of the coating comprising three layers of the alginate with a polyamino acid barrier emplaced between a primary and a secondary layer. The secondary "halo" layer of soft gel is formed by a gel gradient created between weakly bound cross-linking gelling divalent cations of a soluble alginate used for the primary layer of the coating and non-gelling counter ions of a non-ionic alginate of the secondary layer of the coating. The tertiary layer of the coating is generated by dispersing a suspension of a biological tissue core coated with the primary and secondary layers into a gelling divalent cations solution. The method additionally involves emplacement of a thin and delicate polyamino acid polymer barrier for retention of biological tissue within the primary alginate layer of the coating during creation of the gel gradient followed by ionic exchange.
The method results in the transplant coated with the primary alginate layer surrounded by the thin polyamino acid polymer barrier, with the secondary layer of soft gel and with the tertiary layer formed by gelling the alginate with the divalent cations, thereby forming the outer layer of a non-fibrogenic coating.

Biological tissue transplant coated with stabilized multilayer alginate coating suitable for transplantation and method of preparation thereof

The Regents of the University of California


Resource utilization in a computer is achieved by running a first process to make a reservation for access to a resource in dependence on a resource requirement communication from an application and running a second process to grant requests for access to that resource from that application in dependence on the reservation. A further process provides a common interface between the first process for each resource and the application. The further process converts high-level abstract resource requirement definitions into formats applicable to the first process for the resource in question. The processes are preferably implemented as methods of software objects.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to resource scheduling in a computer.
2. Related Art
Enterprise level general-purpose operating systems, both workstation and server, are traditionally designed for efficient resource utilisation. Applications share a common set of resources, which are initially scheduled according to their priority and then in a fair weighted manner. This approach results is both an efficient and fair division of resources to user-level applications. However, certain applications, in particularly multimedia processing applications, are inherently sensitive to resource availability. As a result, the use of priority-based resource federation policies often results in such applications failing to meet their processing goals.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,812,844 discloses a method of CPU scheduling, using the Earliest Deadline First scheduling of threads. However, there is no notion of resource admission in this invention and therefore guarantees are only best-effort and the scheduling is only single level, based on threads. Scheduling dependent upon process priority and/or urgency is not included. EP-A-0 798 638 discloses a further approach to CPU scheduling, in which a number of processes exist as a group. In turn the group is 'scheduled' by increasing its priority, although the scheduler cannot guarantee that a process within a group will be scheduled.
Conventionally, relatively complex processing is required of the scheduling process at the stage where a process is granted access to a resource. The present invention enables a reduction in the complexity of the processing at the access grant stage by providing for reservation of resources in advance.

British Telecommunications public limited company


Systems and methods for performing self calibration of a radar altimeter. An example system includes a first component that generates a simulated return signal based on one or more range values. A transmitter generates a transmission radar signal and a receiver processes the simulated return signal based on the transmission radar signal. A second component determines one or more calibration factors based on the processed simulated return signal and ideal return signal characteristics. The transmission radar signal is a fixed frequency signal and the first component includes a programmable frequency divider that creates at least on sideband of a known signal. A third component determines if the radar system is in at least one of a calibration mode or normal mode of operation. If the radar system is determined to be in a normal mode of operation, a fourth component applies the determined calibration factors to actual radar return signals.

Frequency Modulated/Continuous Wave (FM/CW) Radar Altimeters need ways in which to verify proper operation and accuracy of data supplied to aircraft flight controls. In the current radar altimeters, self-calibration is performed in an open loop manner using Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) devices. The present open loop design requires hand turning of a Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) based on an analysis of the outputted signal as compared to an expected signal. Components of the open loop system, such as the BAW are relatively expensive and fail to allow detection of non-linearities in tuning, absolute frequency errors, frequency drift versus temperature, and receiver amplitude/phase errors.
Therefore, there exists a need to replace expensive BAW devices and to implement a calibration system that more effectively corrects inaccuracies.

Self-calibrating a radar altimeter based on a simulated return signal


In an axial piston pump, a plurality of reciprocating pistons are at least partially positioned within a barrel. The barrel includes a ring shaped high pressure collection cavity that is positioned between the piston chambers and the outlet of the pump. In order to minimize potential loses due to leakage from the ring shaped collection cavity the barrel is made from a casting that utilizes a ring shaped core supported in a mold. This facilitates the formation of the ring shaped cavity while insuring location and dimensional tolerances, and assisting in the latter machining of the casting to its final form.

Co-owned U.S. Pat. No. 6, 035,828 to Anderson et al. describes a hydraulically actuated system having a variable delivery fixed displacement axial piston pump. This pump is referred to as a fixed displacement because the swash or drive plate has a fixed angle such that each piston reciprocates a fixed distance and displaces a fixed amount of fluid with each rotation of the drive plate. The pump achieves a variable delivery by utilizing sleeves that surround each piston and cover a spill port for at least a portion of each reciprocation of the individual piston. For instance, if the sleeves are positioned at one location, the spill ports in the pistons remain uncovered throughout each reciprocation such that the pump merely circulates fluid between low pressure areas and no high pressure output is produced. When the sleeves are in another position, the spill ports are closed over the entire reciprocation distance of the piston such that the maximum high pressure output of the pump is achieved. The sleeves can be positioned anywhere between these two extremes via an electro-hydraulic control unit so that the effective high pressure delivery of the pump can be varied and controlled at will.
While this pump has shown considerable promise, there remains room for improvement. For instance, each of the pistons has one end received in a piston bore of a barrel component. A high pressure collection cavity is located between the barrel and the outlet of the pump. In addition, at least one check valve separates the individual piston chambers from the high pressure collection cavity. In the Anderson et al. pump, these various features are located in body components that are different from the barrel. As such, the effectiveness of the pump has the potential for compromise due to leakage between these components. In addition, insuring the proper location and orientation of these body components relative to one another can add substantial machining costs and assembly complications.
The present invention is directed to one or more of the problems set forth above.

Method of making an axial piston pump barrel with a cast high pressure collection cavity


An ECR type plasma processing apparatus including an airtight processing chamber and a work table for supporting a semiconductor wafer thereon disposed in the processing chamber. The interior of the processing chamber is exhausted to a vacuum by an exhaust system and an active gas such as CF.sub.4 gas and an inert gas such as Ar gas are supplied into the processing chamber through nozzles. Further, a magnet is disposed around the processing chamber to generate a magnetic field perpendicular to the upper surface of the wafer and a microwave transmitting window is disposed in the ceiling of the processing chamber. Also, a microwave generated by a microwave generator is introduced into the transmitting window through a rectangular waveguide, a mode converter, and a tapered waveguide. The microwave is transmitted through the rectangular waveguide in the TE.sub.10 mode, is converted into a hybrid wave of two mode waves, i.e., a TM.sub.01 -mode wave and a TE.sub.11 -mode wave, by the mode converter, and is transmitted to the tapered waveguide.

The present invention relates to a plasma processing apparatus for generating a plasma by utilizing the energy of a microwave and, more particularly, to an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) type plasma processing apparatus.
In the manufacturing process of a semiconductor device, a plasma processing apparatus is used for film formation, etching, ashing, and the like. As a plasma processing apparatus, an ECR type apparatus which generates a plasma by utilizing a microwave and a magnetic field generated by an annular coil is known. A plasma processing apparatus of this type can stably generate a plasma even in a high vacuum state having a comparatively low pressure of about 0.1 Torr to several 10 mTorr.
Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 3-17273 discloses an example of an ECR type plasma processing apparatus. In the apparatus of this reference, a means for generating a magnetic field is arranged in a plasma generation chamber, and a waveguide for introducing a microwave is connected to the plasma generation chamber. Electrons are excited by electron cyclotron resonance caused by the cooperation of the microwave and magnetic field, and the process gas is converted into a high-density plasma.
FIG. 16 shows the schematic arrangement of an ECR type plasma processing apparatus. A microwave inlet window 4 is formed in the ceiling portion of a processing chamber 2. A microwave generated by a microwave generator 6 is transmitted to the microwave inlet window 4 through, e.g., a rectangular waveguide 8 and a conical waveguide 10. The microwave introduced from the microwave inlet window 4 into the processing chamber 2 cooperates with a vertical magnetic field generated by a magnet 12 arranged on the outer side of the upper portion of the processing chamber 2 to cause electron cyclotron resonance, thereby converting the process gas into a high-density plasma.
The microwave is transmitted through the waveguide 8 in the TE.sub.10 mode, is converted into the TE.sub.11 mode when entering the conical waveguide 10, and is introduced into the processing chamber 2. When the TE.sub.11 -mode microwave is observed in relation to a target object, e.g., a semiconductor wafer w, its field density is high at the central portion of the wafer, and is gradually decreased toward the peripheral portion of the wafer. Since the progress of plasma processing (e.g., the etching rate or film formation rate) on the wafer is substantially proportional to such a field density distribution, the non-uniformity in field density distribution degrades the planar uniformity of plasma processing. In particular, as the wafer size increases from 8 inches to 12 inches, it becomes more and more difficult to increase the uniformity in plasma density. Therefore, strong demand has arisen for solving the above problem.
Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI No. 2-170530 discloses a technique for solving this problem. According to this reference, a plurality of independent microwave generators are disposed, and microwaves from these microwave generators are separately introduced into the processing chamber. In this case, however, because, e.g., the phases of the microwaves from the respective generators are not aligned with each other, the planar uniformity in plasma density and film thickness cannot be increased very much even though the plurality of generators are disposed. Due to the presence of the plurality of microwave generators, a large increase in apparatus cost cannot be avoided.
Wave Propagation and Plasma Uniformity in an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Etch Reactor in Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 32 (1993) pp. 3007-3012 discloses still another example of an ECR type plasma processing apparatus. In the apparatus disclosed in this reference, after microwaves are passed through two couplers separately disposed, they are combined again. The microwaves are transmitted in the TE.sub.11 mode and the TM.sub.01 mode in the respective couplers. In this case, however, since the couplers, a .lambda./4 polarizer, and the like are used, the structure of the apparatus is rather complicated.

Microwave plasma processing apparatus using a hybrid microwave having two different modes of oscillation or branched microwaves forming a concentric electric field


A light-emitting element is arranged in a camera body to emit light toward part of the face of a user. A light-receiving element receives light reflected by the face. A detection unit detects shaking of the camera body on the basis of a change in photocurrent from the light-receiving element. The light-emitting element and the light-receiving element may be arranged as an eyeball detection unit for detecting the position of the eyeball of the user.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a camera shaking detection apparatus and, more particularly, to a camera shaking detection apparatus for detecting occurrence of camera shaking during photography with a camera. For example, the present invention relates to a camera shaking detection apparatus for detecting camera shaking by utilizing part of a face of a user, such as eyeball position detection of the user.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventional camera shaking detection apparatuses used in cameras are an apparatus using an AF (auto-focus) sensor, as described in Published Examined Japanese Patent Application Nos. 57-482 and 62-27685, an apparatus using an acceleration sensor, as described in Published Unexamined Japanese Patent Application Nos. 52-147423 and 62-47012, and an apparatus using an angular velocity sensor, as described in Published Unexamined Japanese Patent Application No. 61-150580.
In camera shaking detection using the AF sensor, a difference between image signals at two moments is obtained, and camera shaking is detected on the basis of this difference.
In camera shaking detection using the acceleration sensor, movement information such as rotation caused by camera shaking of a user who supports a camera is detected.
The apparatuses using the AF sensor, the acceleration sensor, and the angular velocity sensor have the following problems.
i) In the apparatus using the AF sensor for detecting an image error, the camera shaking adversely affects photography when the shutter speed is low (i.e., an object is dark). In this case, the integration time of the sensor is prolonged, and the response speed cannot cope with an actual detection speed.
In this apparatus, an object having a low contrast cannot be detected.
This apparatus cannot detect camera shaking in a TTL (through the lens) AF camera because a mirror is up in a shutter open state. In addition, processing is complicated.
ii) In the detection apparatus using the acceleration sensor, camera shaking generally has a low frequency, but the acceleration sensor cannot detect this low-frequency shaking.
In a sensor of this type, the sensor output is low, and noise tends to be superposed on the sensor signal. The sensor itself is expensive, and the system is complicated.


Described herein are compositions and methods for diagnosing and/or monitoring pathogenic disease states using positron emission tomography, wherein the pathogenic cells uniquely express, preferentially express, or overexpress vitamin receptors. Also described herein are 18F conjugates of vitamins and vitamin receptor-binding analogs and derivatives.

Vitamin receptors are overexpressed on cancer cells. For example, the folate receptor, a 38 KD GPI-anchored protein that binds the vitamin folic acid with high affinity (<1 nM), is overexpressed on many malignant tissues, including ovarian, breast, bronchial, and brain cancers. In particular, it is estimated that 95% of all ovarian carcinomas overexpress the folate receptor. In contrast, with the exception of kidney, choroid plexus, and placenta, normal tissues express low or nondetectable levels of the folate receptor. Most cells also use an unrelated reduced folate carrier to acquire the necessary folic acid.
Following receptor binding of vitamins such as folate to vitamin receptors, rapid endocytosis delivers the vitamin into the cell, where it is unloaded in an endosomal compartment at lower pH. Importantly, covalent conjugation of small molecules, proteins, and even liposomes to vitamins and other vitamin receptor binding ligands does not block the ability of the ligand to bind to its receptor, and therefore, such ligand conjugates can readily be delivered to and can enter cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis.
It has also been shown that activated monocytes overexpress the folate receptor. The overexpression of folate receptors on activated macrophages, and on activated monocytes, is described in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 60/696,740 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2002/0192157, each entirely incorporated herein by reference. Further, it has also been reported that the folate receptor β, the nonepithelial isoform of the folate receptor, is expressed on activated, but not resting, synovial macrophages. Activated macrophages can participate in the immune response by nonspecifically engulfing and killing foreign pathogens within the macrophage, by displaying degraded peptides from foreign proteins on the macrophage cell surface where they can be recognized by other immune cells, and by secreting cytokines and other factors that modulate the function of T and B lymphocytes, resulting in further stimulation of immune responses. However, activated macrophages can also contribute to the pathophysiology of disease in some instances. For example, activated macrophages can contribute to atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disease states, and graft versus host disease, among other disease states.
An example of the contribution of activated macrophages to disease states is the involvement of activated macrophages in the progression of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a disease state initiated when a fatty streak forms within a blood vessel wall. Formation of fatty streaks is believed to result from accumulation of lipoprotein particles in the intima layer of the blood vessel wall, the layer of the vessel wall underlying the luminal endothelial cell layer. Lipoprotein particles can associate with extracellular matrix components in the intima layer and can become inaccessible to plasma antioxidants, resulting in oxidative modification of the lipoprotein particles. Such oxidative modification may trigger a local inflammatory response resulting in adhesion of activated macrophages and T lymphocytes to the luminal endothelium followed by migration into the intima layer. The oxidized lipoprotein particles themselves can act as chemo-attractants for cells of the immune system, such as macrophages and T cells, or can induce cells in the vascular wall to produce chemo-attractants. The atherosclerotic lesion may then form a fibrous cap with a lipid-rich core filled with activated macrophages. Atherosclerotic lesions that are unstable are characterized by local inflammation, and lesions that have ruptured and have caused fatal myocardial infarction are characterized by an infiltration of activated macrophages and T lymphocytes.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,782,289, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2005/0244336, and PCT International Publication No. WO 2004/110250, each entirely incorporated herein by reference, provide discussions of possible origins of blood vessel disease. The references disclose catheter-based systems for detection of radio labeled conjugates that bind to activated macrophages within a blood vessel or other body lumen.

Positron emission tomography imaging method


An anti-HIV agent, an anti-HIV effect-potentiating agent and a prophylactic and remedial agent for AIDS each comprising, as an active ingredient, a vitamin B.sub.1 derivative such as thiamine disulfide, bisbentiamine, bisbutytiamine, bisibutiamine, alitiamine, fursultiamine or octotiamine, or the salt thereof.. The agents according to the present invention are useful for prophylaxis of and treatment for AIDS because they have a very preferable nature that they inhibit the growth of HIV without killing cells against primarily infected cells, but exhibit both cell-killing effect and HIV-killing effect at the same time against persistent-production cells which have come to persistently produce HIV.

AIDS is a disease caused by HIV infection, and the number of patients thereof is rapidly increasing since this disease was discovered in the United States of America in 1983. It has been known to use azidothymidine (AZT), didanosine (DDI) or the like, which is an anti-HIV agent, in treatment for such AIDS.
However, AZT is recognized to have a life-prolonging effect to a significant extent, but involves a problem that it has side effects such as headache, gastrointestinal disorders and a myelodepresant effect. Besides, since many of these anti-HIV agents, which have heretofore been studied, have been based on the action mechanism that DNA synthesis in the replication process of HIV is inhibited to suppress the proliferation of HIV, they have involved a problem that the DNA synthesis of normal cells is also suppressed at the same time as the inhibition of HIV, and normal cells of a patient hence decrease, and consequently, the patient still more falls into a dangerous condition.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a remedy for AIDS, which is excellent in safety and efficacy.