A linker profiler tool facilitates maintenance and management of object ordering between releases of firmware. By maintaining object ordering, code differences between firmware builds are reduced, which reduces the size of a package of update information used to update an electronic device from one version of firmware to another. Information used by an object code linker in a firmware build activity is processed to minimize changes in code object ordering between builds. The impact on the size of the update information caused by updates to firmware/software component in the build is thereby reduced to a minimum.

Electronic devices, such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDA's), often contain firmware and application software that are either provided by the manufacturers of the electronic devices, by telecommunication carriers, or by third parties. When a build of the memory image of firmware and/or software for an electronic device is created in, for example, a manufacturing or product development environment, often the information regarding the firmware and/or software components in the build is lost or discarded. Thus, a subsequent execution of another build cannot make use of information from a previous build. In situations where it is important to discover how a given build is different from a previous build, there is often limited information available, and what is available may be inadequate to determine the changes between builds.
There is a problem in linking firmware and/or software components when the profile of the components in a build is not known prior to the execution of a build. Often, for the computation of difference information between binary images created from two builds, a prediction of instructions is conducted using a predictor tool. The prediction may be based on the heuristic methods. A generator that generates the difference information from the binary images may not know where prediction reference points are. Thus, the verification of the prediction result becomes very difficult. Another problem is that the linker used during the builds controls object linking. Information produced by the linker information is typically not saved for subsequent linking operations. The ordering or sequence information for the various firmware/software components or objects in a build is normally not available. It is not common that a user needs to maintain the object sequence since it does not affect firmware/software functionality. Lack of the object ordering or sequence information is a big problem during the generation of difference information, as it has an impact on efficiency of the generation process and the compactness of the generated update package.
Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, through comparison of such systems with some aspects of the present invention as set forth in the remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings.

Transparent linker profiler tool with profile database

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


The artificial insemination device for animals comprises a cannula (1); an insertion tip (2) placed on one of the ends of the catheter (1), said insertion tip (2) having one or more holes (7); and a fixing element (3) placed on a cannula (1), wherein said fixing element (3) comprises a tubular portion (8), a first frustoconical portion (4) and a second frustoconical portion (5). The artificial insemination device for animals according to the present invention enables, by not disturbing or hyperstimulating the animal, the cannula to reach the uterus and be fixed in the correct position in order to suitably perform post-cervical insemination in young sows.

The application of a seminal dosage in animals in oestrus, in particular in sows, is routinely performed vaginally, being used as an instrument called a catheter in the shape of a tube which, despite possibly having different shapes, is used in all cases to reach the cervix of the uterus and be fixed in the first centimetres thereof, enabling the application of the seminal dosage therethrough, which must pass through the rest of the cervix until reaching the body of the uterus.
There are currently different types of catheters which range from the classic reusable catheter manufactured in a single rubber part or similar, to a nearly endless list of plastic single-use catheters.
The latter are generally made up of three parts which correspond to the handle, the shaft and the end or tip, such that handle, not present in all catheters, is a small part that is used to handle the catheter easily and, in those that have it, it is used to fix the cannula of the seminal container to the catheter.
The shaft or body of the catheter is a tube that is approximately 50 centimetres long, which is used to allow passage of the seminal fluid, the diameter of said tube being variable, but in no case does the outside dimension exceed 10 millimetres.
The tip, as a main element of the catheter, is a part with a varying size and shape, which in any case makes the insertion and fixing thereof in the cervix of the uterus possible. There are those with a cylindrical shape (plug), for example, manufactured from foam, and there are those with a conical shape, manufactured from different types of plastics and with sizes that vary widely.
Regardless of the shape thereof, the tip must ensure a sufficient level of fixing in the cervix to avoid problems at the time the semen is deposited.
For this reason, the use of fixing elements placed on the catheter is common. In these cases, the fastening to the cervix of the uterus is normally facilitated thanks to the shape of said fixing elements, which increase the level of coupling between the catheter and the irregularities of the cervical wall. However, the presence of these fixing elements can disturb or hyperstimulate the animal, which can have an effect on insemination.
An example of this type of insemination device is described in document WO 2001/049205 A1. This document describes an artificial insemination device comprising a catheter provided with a tip and a helical fixing element placed on said catheter.
Apart from traditional insemination, a technique usually used in replacement sows, wherein the semen is deposited in the cervix through a catheter, the technique of post-cervical insemination is routinely used today in sows that have already given birth, wherein the semen is deposited in the body of the cervix and for which an instrument made up of a guide catheter and a post-cervical cannula is used.
The guide catheter is fixed to the cervix like in traditional insemination and the much thinner cannula that runs through the inside thereof passes through the cervix of the uterus until reaching the body of the cervix, wherein the semen is deposited, which enables a much smaller amount of semen to be used and the insemination is performed much more accurately and in much less time.
This type of insemination is not regularly used in replacement sows, since the hyperstimulation associated with the discomfort caused by the guide catheter causes a contraction of the cervix muscles that is maintained for many minutes, which closes the cervical canal preventing further movement of the post-cervical cannula and therefore preventing insemination in the body of the uterus.
This problem does not occur in postpartum pigs, even though it does arise in some of those who have given birth more than once, since like the replacement sows, the hyperstimulation associated with the discomfort is a consequence of the lack of prior experience and of the smaller size of the genital apparatus of younger sows.
Therefore, an objective of the present invention is to provide an artificial insemination device for sows, which is able to reach the body of the uterus and remain fixed in position, but does not disturb or hyperstimulate the animal, allowing for post-cervical insemination in young sows.

Artificial insemination device for animals


A rear seat for an all purpose vehicle has front and rear legs that are releasably latched to pins located in escutcheons in the vehicle floor. The rear seat is manually folded and stored in the vehicle by releasing the rear legs and pivoting the seat forward on the front pins to a vertical position. The seat is removed from the vehicle by releasing the front legs when the seat is in the stored position and lifting the seat off the front pins. The latch mechanisms for the front and rear legs have locks so that the legs are not unlatched unintentionally. A lift assist mechanism is also provided for pivoting the seat forward on the front pins to the stored position.

This invention relates generally to vehicle seats and more particularly to rear seats for all purpose vehicles and the like.
All purpose vehicles, particularly minivans are becoming increasingly popular because they offer great variety in seating configuration for maximizing passenger or cargo transport or providing any desired combination in between. The variety and changability of the seating configuration is enhanced by the use of individual rear passenger seats that are storable in the vehicle as well as removable from the vehicle easily.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,700,989 granted to Jose A. Ercilla Oct. 20, 1987 discloses a storable and removable rear vehicle seat that is popularly referred to as a "flip and fold" seat because the seat back is folded down onto the seat which is then flipped up for storage or removal.
More specifically, the Ercilla seat arrangement has front and rear forks that support the seat on four mounting pins that are recessed in the vehicle floor and manually operable latching arrangements for latching the forks on the mounting pins. The front forks and the rear forks have separate latching arrangements so that the rear forks can be unlatched while the front forks remain latched to flip the seat up for storage in an upright or vertical position.
The Ercilla rear seat arrangement includes a control rod system for locking the manually operable front latching mechanism so that the front latching mechanism cannot be unlatched unless the seat is in the upright stored position in the vehicle. This assures that the front latching mechanism is not unlatched unintentionally. However, this control rod system is complicated and costly.
Furthermore, the Ercilla rear seat arrangement does not include any system for assuring that the manually operable rear latching mechanism is not unlatched unintentionally.
Moreover, Ercilla rear seat arrangement does not have a lift assist mechanism for flipping the seat up to the stored position although there are known lift assist mechanisms that are complicated and costly.


The invention provides a miniaturized sensor device including a thin film membrane having a first surface and a second surface, one or more resistive thin film heater/thermometer devices disposed directly or indirectly adjacent to the first surface of the thin film membrane, and a frame disposed directly or indirectly adjacent to the second surface of the thin film membrane, wherein one or more internal surfaces of the frame define at least one cell having at least one opening. The sensor device also includes a thin film layer disposed directly or indirectly adjacent to the frame. The sensor device further includes a sensing layer disposed directly or indirectly adjacent to the thin film membrane.

The scientific and technological interest in miniaturized gas, humidity, chemical, temperature, and pressure sensor devices has grown in recent years. The need for such devices spans a wide range of industries and applications, such as the medical instrumentation, food and agriculture, paper, automotive, electric appliance, petrochemical, and semiconductor industries, as well as the military, in, for example, gas, humidity, chemical, temperature, and pressure sensing applications. The wide range of environments to which these devices may be exposed severely limits the candidate materials that may be used to build the devices. A number of gas, humidity, chemical, temperature, and pressure sensor devices have been developed and built for specific applications. However, none of these devices demonstrate a suitable combination of the desired robustness, sensitivity, selectivity, stability, size, simplicity, reproducibility, reliability, response time, resistance to contaminants, and longevity. Thus, what are still needed, in general, are multi-gas and vapor sensor devices, among other sensor devices, that exploit the high sensitivity of differential scanning nano and picocalorimetry microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to heat flow and the unique properties of certain thin films and nano and picoparticles, including their high adsorption potential, high adsorption rate under optimized conditions, high desorption rate under optimized conditions, high chemical stability, and heat release associated with the physisorption of gas and vapor molecules.
Response time, mechanical strength, power consumption, and crosstalk between unit sensor devices are major areas of concern with respect to thermally-sensitive microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), such as gas, humidity, chemical, temperature, and pressure sensor devices, as well as calorimeter and microheater devices, in general. For example, faster response time provides higher sensitivity and greater mechanical strength provides higher reliability. Likewise, lower power consumption is desired for portable and wireless devices and less crosstalk between unit sensor devices provides greater accuracy. Response time and sensitivity are critical in many sensing applications, such as in sensing for warfare agents, measuring low dew points, detecting trace gases, etc., but are difficult to optimize with conventional multi-gas and vapor sensor devices without making sacrifices with respect to other performance parameters. Power consumption and crosstalk between unit sensor devices are both affected by thermal isolation. Typically, thermal isolation has been addressed by fabricating microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) on thin insulating membranes with low heat capacity. However, such thin membranes are fragile, resulting in low yield and reliability problems. Moreover, the peripheries of these thin membranes are typically bonded to a silicon substrate, introducing lateral heat conduction losses. Thus, what are needed are microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) that are built with, for example, low-thermal conductivity regions around the active thin membrane regions, resulting in more robust, high-performance, high-sensitivity microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
Two additional areas of concern are raised with respect to miniaturized vapor (e.g., humidity) sensor devices, among other sensor devices. First, the polymeric sensing films associated with such vapor sensor devices often become significantly swollen while at relatively high humidity due to their high affinity for water vapor. The swelling of these sensing films generates lateral stresses that impinge upon the thin membranes, potentially breaking them. Second, sensing films having larger surface areas are desired in order to reduce the thickness of the sensing films at a given mass. Reducing the thickness of the sensing films and incorporating nanostructures (e.g., nano-spheres, nano-rods, nano-fibers, etc.) into the sensing materials decreases the diffusion time constant of the water adsorption/desorption, reducing the response time of the vapor sensor devices. Thus, what are needed are micro-machined vapor sensor devices, among other sensor devices, that utilize, for example, high-aspect ratio silicon microstructures etched adjacent to the thin membranes. These silicon microstructures would serve as stress relievers at varying vapor (e.g., humidity) levels and provide both large surface areas for the sensing films, increasing the sensitivity of the vapor sensor devices, and effective heat conduction paths to the microheaters also disposed adjacent to the thin membranes.

Miniaturized multi-gas and vapor sensor devices and associated methods of fabrication


Methods and associated structure for allocating computing resources among the plurality of cgi-bin processes spawned by a Web server process such that high-priority customers receive priority in allocation of such computing resources for cgi-bin processes its bond on behalf of high-priority customers. The methods and structures of the present invention preferably utilize Hewlett-Packard's process resource monitor (“PRM”) scheduling features to define customer relationship levels as a parameter in the allocation of computing resources. Customer or user ID information associated with a requesting Web client process are associated with the process on behalf of the requesting client. PRM configuration information then mapped such user or customer ID information to a particular priority level for allocation of computing resources.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to client/server architecture applications and in particular to Web applications where server resources are allocated according to customer/vendor relation parameters to thereby provide a quality-of-service aspect to allocation of server resources.
2. Discussion of Related Art
It is generally known in a client/server distributed computing applications that a single server process provides services for multiple requesting client processes. In the context of Web services on the Internet, a single Web server process services requests from a potentially large number of Web browser client processes. Simple client requests of a Web server process involve retrieval and return of an HTML page (a "Web page") identified by the universal resource locator ("URL") provided in the client request. Such simple requests are often handled directly by a single thread of the Web server process and involve little more than locating the requests Web page (the files identified by the URL) and returning the data contained therein.
Some Web client requests involve more complex operations such manipulation of information stored in a database associated with the Web server. Such complex requests may involve more computational resources and latency delays than may be appropriate for a single threaded server process. For such complex requests it is common for a Web server process to spawn (also referred to as "fork") a child process to service a specific, complex Web browser client request. Such processes are often referred to as "cgi-bin" processes. These cgi-bin processes perform additional computational services on behalf of the requesting Web browser client.
When cgi-bin processes perform significant computational services such as database manipulation, a large number of such processes may share resources of a single computing node. Each process operating on behalf of a particular Web browser client process therefore may share limited computational resources of the underlying computing node with other cgi-bin processes operating on behalf of other Web browser client processes.
Operating system software operating on most modern computational nodes include features to schedule allocation of resources of the computing node such as allocations of CPU processing time among the multiple processes. In general, multiple processes sharing such a computing node would share the computing resources on an equal priority basis. As is presently practiced in the art, each cgi-bin process operating on behalf of a corresponding requesting Web browser client process would receive essentially equal treatment by the underlying computing node on which the plurality of such processes are operating.
It is also common in Internet Web applications that customers of a service provider may pay different fees corresponding to varying levels of service. For example, a high-priority or high-volume customer may pay additional fees for enhanced responsiveness to their Web client inquiries directed to the service provider. However, when all cgi-bin processes are treated essentially equal as measured by allocation of scarce computing resources, the high-priority or high-volume customer may receive an essentially equal allocation of computing resources for processing of their request as compared with a lower priority or lower volume customer.
It is generally known in computing system architectures that scheduling algorithms within an operating system may modify the allocation of computing resources to particular processes based on a number of parameters. For example, it is known for operating system scheduling algorithms to allocate processor time to different processes based on their respective historical utilization of the CPU. Scheduling algorithms may periodically modify the allocation of CPU time among the various competing processes. For example, processes that utilize significant CPU time may be scheduled for larger blocks of CPU time in subsequent scheduling cycles. Such scheduling algorithms are often referred to as adaptive are dynamic.
Though such adaptive or dynamic scheduling algorithms are known generally in operating systems, it remains a problem to associate allocation of computing resources to particular processes based on parameters associated with the nature of the customer/vendor relationship. In other words, it remains a problem to allocate computing resources of a server node such that high-priority or high-volume valued customers receive a more significant allocation of computing resources than low priority, low volume, lesser valued customers.
In addition, some operating system APIs to spawn new child processes (i.e., a UNIX fork API function) allow the invoking process to supply a priority value for CPU time allocation among the several competing processes. In this manner the Web server process could be modified to adjust the priority assigned to each cgi-bin process as it is spawned to adapt the CPU utilization priority in accordance with the customer/vendor relationship parameter value. However, such a technique would require that the Web server process be modified to determine an appropriate priority level and to supply the determined priority level to the invocation (spawning) of each cgi-bin child process. Modification of the Web server process is not an option in all computing enterprises. Rather, it is common for the enterprise to utilize standard, packaged Web server processes where such modifications are not possible.
It is evident on the above discussion that a need exists for improved to utilization of scheduling techniques to map allocation of computing resources in a manner that correlates to defined levels of priority in the customer/vendor relationship. More specifically, a need exists for improved allocation of resources for Web services and associated cgi-bin processes spawned thereby to map the resource allocation to customer quality-of-service requirements.

Methods and structure for implementing web server quality-of-service control


A method, system and program product implementing storage of a (power or ground) mesh plane file using a multiple line shape, possibly with the storage of lines also, to reduce file size. In addition, the invention implements an activate-substantial-portion-and-remove technique to generate mesh planes rather than the conventional additive approach, which improves the speed of designing the IC carriers. A resulting mesh plane design file may be as much as half the size of a file generated using the conventional line-by-line and storage approaches.

The present invention relates generally to integrated circuit design, and more particularly, to generation of a mesh plane for a chip module design and a related file storage technique.
A mesh plane is a structure of interconnected lines in a cross-hatch pattern (90-degree relative angles) on a given layer of a single-chip or multiple chip module (SCM or MCM), used to tie power or ground vias together. A mesh plane provides both a means of lowering the inductance of the power/ground connections, and of providing noise shielding and power/ground coupling to the signal lines above and below the given layer. Mesh planes include difficult areas to design, such as a chipsite and other dense via regions, which require careful consideration to assure proper connections for the power and ground networks.
Conventionally, mesh planes are designed for an IC carrier design manually. In particular, mesh planes are conventionally designed by an additive approach in which features are added line-by-line to a field until the design is complete. This process is slow and tedious work. For example, FIG. 1 illustrates a particular sub-layout 10 of lines within a mesh plane. Each line within sub-layout 10 must be manually entered, which takes time and patience.
Another shortcoming of the above approach is that conventional IC carrier design tools store each line as a separate feature for storage purposes. Conventional chip module design tools also treat each "T" junction of active lines as a line break point 12. (Crossing of lines do not cause a similar segmentation). For example, sub-layout 10 includes twelve features in total: two crossed lines 14 at each corner and then four lines 16 coupling line break points 12 to a via 18 (size exaggerated so viewable) in the center. Each of these twelve lines or features are stored separately. An unfortunate result of this line-by-line storage approach is that as IC carrier design has increased in complexity, the ultimate IC design files have become very large, which makes storage difficult and may burden system resources, e.g., during revisions.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need in the art for a way to generate a mesh plane for an IC design that does not suffer from the problems of the related art.

International Business Machines Corporation


The present invention provides an aqueous black ink composition for a writing board which hardly causes thickening, coagulation of the pigment, decreasing of writing density due to sedimentation, clogging in a penpoint, and break in writing. The aqueous black ink composition comprises water, the oxidized carbon black obtained by oxidizing carbon black using hypohalogenous acid and/or salt thereof, a film forming agent, and a release agent.

A black ink composition for a writing board has conventionally been prepared by dispersing a carbon black coloring agent in an organic solvent such as a ketone or a lower alcohol solvent with a dispersing agent, and by adding a release agent, a surfactant and the like.
However, the organic solvent gives a bad influence on atmosphere and a human body, and the use of the organic solvent tends to be restricted recently. Therefore, also regarding an ink composition for a writing board, an aqueous black ink composition is desired.
Examples of a conventional aqueous black ink composition for a writing board includes: the composition obtained by dispersing a pigment in an aqueous vehicle comprising an ester compound such as di(polyalkylene glycol ether) dicarboxylate and a resin composed of (partially saponified) vinyl acetate polymer, disclosed in Japanese Patent Kokai Publication 117975/1990; the composition comprising a silicone powder and a compound selected from an aqueous ester compound and a polyether modified silicone oil, in combination, as a release agent, disclosed in Japanese Patent Kokai Publication 239569/1992; the composition comprising a film forming resin, a blue pigment water dispersion and an aliphatic carboxylate emulsion, disclosed in Japanese Patent Kokai Publication 16991/1994; the composition comprising a specific phosphate compound as a release agent, disclosed in Japanese Patent Kokai Publication 184486/1994; and the composition comprising pentaerythritol fatty ester, polyglycerol fatty ester, oxyacid ester and the like as a release agent, disclosed in Japanese Patent Kokai Publication 264019/1994.
In these aqueous black ink compositions for a writing board, the vehicles and the release agents contained are those which is suitable for an aqueous pigment dispersion, by comparison with a conventional solvent-based marking ink composition for a writing board, but the pigment used is the same carbon black as that conventionally used in the solvent-based black ink composition.
Therefore, the aqueous black ink compositions for a writing board disclosed hereinabove easily cause thickening, coagulation of pigment, decreasing of writing density due to sedimentation, clogging in a penpoint, and break in writing, when they are filled in a marking pen and used repeatedly for a long period.

Aqueous black ink composition for writing board


A dual spacing clamp tie includes a locking head and two flexible straps extending outwardly in opposite directions from the locking head. The straps are insertable through the locking head to form two, spaced loops that can be used to secure items in spaced, parallel relationship to each other. A pair of releasable pawls in the locking head secure the straps around the items to be secured. An aperture through the locking head is provided for securing the dual spacing clamp tie to a mounting structure such as a threaded stud. Preferably, the aperture is smooth-walled and slightly undersized to hold the clamp tie in place through frictional engagement with the stud. If desired, a nut or other fastener can be applied. Alternatively, an additional pawl mechanism can be provided within the aperture to secure the clamp tie to the mounting stud. Again, if desired, a nut or other fastener can be used to further secure the clamp tie to the mounting stud.

This invention relates generally to devices for securing elongate items, such as wires, cables, hoses, tubing, conduits etc. More particularly, the invention relates to clamp ties that secure such items in spaced, parallel relationship with each other.
Various devices have been developed for securing elongate items such as wires, cables, hoses, tubing, conduits, etc. Among these devices are clamps that secure a pair of such items in spaced, parallel relationship with each other. Examples of such clamps are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,654,669 and 3,981,048.
Although effective in securing elongate items to each other, neither of the devices shown in these patents made provision for securing the items not only to themselves but to a supporting structure as well. Such need arises, for example, in the trucking, automotive or other industry wherein a pair of hoses, lines or cables are to be spaced from each other or are to be mounted to a vehicle frame member. Furthermore, prior devices did not include structure for maintaining a definite, preselected spacing between the items that were secured to each other. Such devices were ineffective in maintaining a desired spacing sufficient to avoid chaffing, heat transfer or other adverse consequences of insufficient spacing. The devices simply secured the items together without regard for the resulting spacing.


A light to heat conversion layer which has visible light permeability, excellent near infrared absorption characteristics, and which can improve the transfer accuracy of an organic electroluminescent element using laser irradiation; and a donor sheet using the light to heat conversion layer. The light to heat conversion layer contains near infrared absorption particles and a binder component. The near infrared absorption particles are composite tungsten oxide microparticles wherein if the value for the XRD peak intensity of the face of a silicon powder standard sample (manufactured by NIST, 640c) is defined as 1, the value for the ratio of XRD peak top intensity is at least 0.13, and the light transmissivity is at least 45%.

A LTHC layer is a layer having a property that a part irradiated with an infrared light or near-infrared light generates heat whereas an unirradiated part does not generate heat. Therefore, since the LTHC layer can generate heat only at a desired site by irradiation of infrared laser or near-infrared laser, it is expected to be applied to a wide variety of fields including electronics, medicine, agriculture, machine.
Regarding an urgent use, a use as a donor sheet is conceivable, which is used for manufacturing an organic electroluminescence device in the field of electronics. Therefore, the LTHC layer will be described with the donor sheet taken as an example thereof.
As a method of forming an organic electroluminescence device on a substrate, a metal mask method, a laser transfer method, an ink-jet method and the like have been investigated. It is difficult for the metal mask method to respond to a larger planar size of the next-generation large-screen display devices, etc., and there still remains many technical problems in application of the inkjet method. Therefore, it is expected that the laser transfer method will be a mainstream for large-screen displays.
There are several laser transfer methods. Among them, a layer formation method which involves use of a film called a "donor sheet" is a mainstream. As a donor sheet, for example, a layer including a light absorbing layer called a LTHC layer and, for example, a layer of an organic compound having an electroluminescence property as a transferred layer, formed on a film base material, has been used. Although many methods are proposed for forming an organic electroluminescence device on a substrate by a laser transfer method, they have a common fundamental principle of operation. In other words, when a specified site of the LTHC layer is irradiated with a laser beam, the light is absorbed by the LTHC layer to generate heat which can transfer the organic electroluminescence device formed as a transferred layer.
A wide variety of materials are proposed as a light absorbing material for the LTHC layer as the donor sheet. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses, organic and inorganic absorbing materials such as dyes absorbing a light in the infrared region and carbon black, metals, metal oxides, or metal sulfides, and other known pigments and absorbers. Patent Document 2 discloses dyes, pigments, metals, metal compounds, metal films and the like. Patent Document 3 discloses black aluminum. Patent Document 4 discloses carbon black, graphite, and infrared dyes.
As described above, when an organic electroluminescence device is formed, for example, by the laser transfer method, a desired site in the LTHC layer is irradiated with a laser beam, thereby the organic electroluminescence device contained in the donor sheet is transferred. However, for example, when the donor sheet includes a defect such as a foreign matter or uneven application, an organic electroluminescence device at the site irradiated with a laser beam may fail to be normally transferred, resulting in generation of dots which are unlit after fabricated as a display device. Therefore, in order to enhance yield, it is considered that a donor sheet including a defect is detected by visual observation or by using a visible light sensor or the like before the transfer by a laser beam.
However, when the materials proposed in Patent Documents 1 to 4 as the light absorbing materials to be applied to the LTHC layer are used, transmission property of the LTHC layer to a visible light is not sufficient. In other words, when the light absorbing materials disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4 are used, the LTHC layer shows a very dark black color having substantially no light transmission property. Therefore, when such a LTHC layer was applied as the donor sheet, it was considered that defects were not able to be detected by visual observation or by using a visible light sensor or the like.
Therefore, the applicant of the present invention disclosed in Patent Document 5 a LTHC layer having a visible light transmission property containing composite tungsten oxide fine particles which are near-infrared absorbing particles and a binder component, and a donor sheet using the LTHC layer.
Patent Document 1 Japanese Translation of PCT International Application Publication No. 2000-515083
Patent Document 2 Japanese Translation of PCT International Application Publication No. 2002-534782
Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Publication No. 3562830
Patent Document 4 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-200170
Patent Document 5 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2016-009634

Light to heat conversion layer and method for manufacturing the same, and donor sheet using the same


Provided is a process of profiling a user of a mobile computing device, the process including: obtaining a location history of a user, the location history being based on signals from a mobile computing device of the user; obtaining a location-attribute score of a location identified in, or inferred from, the location history; determining, with a computer, a user-attribute score based on the location-attribute score; and storing the user-attribute score in a user-profile datastore.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to user profiles and, more specifically, to generating user profiles based on user location.
2. Description of the Related Art
User profiles are useful in a variety of contexts. For example, advertisers often purchase advertising based on a desire to reach potential customers having particular attributes. Such advertisers often employ user profiles to select when, where, or how the advertiser conveys their message. Similarly, market researchers may analyze user profiles to better understand the market for a given good or service based on attributes of buyers of that good or service. In another example, user profiles may be used to customize products or services, for instance by customizing a software application according to the profile of a user of the software application.
User profiles, however, can be difficult to obtain, as users generally have little incentive to generate a profile of themselves for use by others. Such a task can be tedious and unpleasant. Further, user's recollection of their behavior over time can be unreliable.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Apparatus and method for profiling users


A memory includes a logic controller, a word line driver, a boost circuit, plural capacitor circuits, plural memory cores, plural selectors, and plural output drivers. The logic controller generates a word line enabling signal and a boost enabling signal. The word line driver receives the word line enabling signal. The boost circuit receives the boost enabling signal. The plural capacitor circuits are connected between the boost circuit and the word line driver. Each of the plural memory cores is connected with the word line driver through plural word lines. The plural selectors are connected with the corresponding memory cores. The plural output drivers are connected with the corresponding selectors. The number of the plural memory cores is positively correlated with the number of the plural capacitor circuits.

For accelerating designing various memories, a memory compiler has been widely used in the industry. By means of the memory compiler, the researchers can design various memories with different sizes and storage capacities according to different requirements and features. Since the designed memories can be quickly applied to the production line, the time period required to fabricate the memories will be shortened.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the architecture of a memory generated by a conventional memory compiler. As shown in FIG. 1, the memory 50 comprises a logic controller 20, a word line driver (WL driver) 10, plural memory cores 11˜1m, plural selectors 21˜2m, and plural output drivers 31˜3m.
Generally, during the writing/reading process of the memory 50, the logic controller 20 may control all internal circuits of the memory 50. Moreover, the WL driver 10 can decode a specified word line according to a corresponding address data and activate the specified word line. The plural memory cores 11˜1m comprises plural word lines and plural bit lines (not shown). The word lines are connected with the WL driver 10. The storage capacity of the memory 50 is defined by the plural memory cores 11˜1m collaboratively.
Take the first word line WL1 as an example. The first word line WL1 is connected with the WL driver 10 and all of the memory cores 11˜1m. When the first word line WL1 is activated, the memory cells of the memory cores 11˜1m connected with the first word line WL1 are all activated. In other words, the higher storage capacity of the memory 50 indicates that the number of the memory cores 11˜1m is larger and the word line is longer.
Moreover, the plural selectors 21˜2m comprise respective multiplexers (not shown) and respective sense amplifiers (not shown) for selecting the corresponding bit lines and sensing the data of the corresponding bit lines. Moreover, the data of the corresponding bit lines are outputted from the output drivers 31˜3m.
Generally, after the specified design parameters are inputted into the memory compiler, the memory 50 can be generated by the memory compiler according to the practical requirements.
For example, after a specified storage capacity is inputted into the memory compiler, the number of the memory cores 11˜1m, the number of the selectors 21˜2m and the number of the output drivers 31˜3m are calculated by the memory compiler. The memory cores 11˜1m, the selectors 21˜2m, the output drivers 31˜3m, the logic controller 20 and the WL driver 10 are combined as the memory 50. Generally, one memory core corresponds to one selector and one output driver. That is, the m memory cores 11˜1m correspond to the m selectors 21˜2m and the m output drivers 31˜3m. After the above circuits are placed by the memory compiler, the memory 50 is produced.
With increasing development of the semiconductor manufacturing process, memories can be fabricated by the advanced manufacturing process. However, if the memory 50 is fabricated by the advanced manufacturing process under the 40 nm process, the yield rate of the memory 50 is impaired. It was found that the process variation may cause reduction of the induced current of the memory. Since the induced current is insufficient to allow normal operations of the memory, the yield rate of the memory is impaired. The memory cell that cannot be normally operated because of the process variation is usually referred as a weak memory cell.
Conventionally, a method of increasing a word line voltage is provided for allowing the normal operations of the weak memory cell. After the word line voltage is increased, the weak memory cell can be normally operated, and the yield rate of the memory can be effectively enhanced.
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram illustrating a conventional word line boost circuit. The word line boost circuit 308 is used for increasing the word line voltage.
As shown in FIG. 2, the word line boost circuit 308 comprises a regulator 306, plural switch transistors SW1, SW2, SW3, a boost capacitor C1, and a switch timing circuit 302. The switch timing circuit 302 receives a bank select signal. According to the bank select signal, the switch timing circuit 302 controls the switch transistors SW1, SW2 and SW3. When the word line is activated, the superposed voltage of a power supply voltage VDD and an adjustable voltage VDELTA is transmitted from the boost capacitor C1 to a word line driver (WL driver) 304 and then sent to the memory array.
The adjustable voltage VDELTA is determined by the regulator 306 according to a reference voltage VREF from a programmable voltage source 310. In other words, the magnitude of the voltage increased by the word line boost circuit 308 may be determined according to the reference voltage VREF from the programmable voltage source 310.
However, the regulator 306 of the word line boost circuit 308 and the programmable voltage source 310 consume a great amount of electric power and occupy very large layout areas.
Moreover, when the word line boost circuit 308 is applied to the memory compiler, some problems may occur. For example, if the number of the memory cores of the memory is different, the length of the word line is different. That is, if the storage capacity of the memory is changed, it is necessary to adjust the magnitude of the reference voltage VREF of the word line boost circuit 308. In other words, the conventional word line boost circuit is not user-friendly.

Memory generating method of memory compiler and generated memory


A snap lock separatory panel and retainer system includes either a screen wire panel with laterally spaced, longitudinally extending locking bars defining a locking profile, or a urethane panel with laterally spaced, longitudinally extending lips or flanges which also define a locking profile. A retainer system is provided for use in securing these panels. The retainer system utilized center retainers that are engagable with industry standard holes in screen stringer rails of a vibrating separating machine. Each center retainer is provided with an array of retainer pins which are spaced to interdigitate with either screen wire tie rod ends or with urethane panel wall recesses to support the screen panel locking bars or the urethane panel flanges adjacent the retainer pins. Locking strips are provided with undercurrent bores that terminate in undercut receptacles. These bores and receptacles are sized to receive center retainer pin shanks and heads. The locking strips and center retainers cooperate to positively secure the snap lock screen wire panels and/or urethane panels in place on a vibrating separatory machine.

Vibrating and other separatory screen assemblies are generally known in the art and are very useful in accomplishing the separation of materials on the basis of size of the materials to be separated. A slurry of liquid and entrained solids will be caused to run or flow across an upper surface of a screen panel assembly. Particles of a certain size and above will not pass through apertures in the screen panels and will thus be separated out. The screen panel assembly is caused to vibrate by a suitable means, with this vibratory motion being beneficial in facilitating the proper separation of the material directed onto the screen panel.
One such vibratory screen panel assembly is shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,112,475 and 5,277,319, both to Henry, and both assigned to Conn-Weld Industries, the assignee of the present application. In these two patents, there is disclosed a screen panel mounting system for a vibrating screen assembly, and a screen panel which is securable in the vibrating screen assembly using the panel mounting system. A plurality of screen panels are secured to a panel deck of a frame portion of a vibrating screen assembly. A plurality of elongated hold downs or center retainers, which are made of a resilient elastomeric material, such as polyurethane, are provided with spaced anchoring pins along their bottom surface. These anchoring pins are receivable in apertures in an anchor member. Once the hold down members or center retainers have been secured to the anchor member, which is, in turn, attached to spaced cross members or tubes of the frame of the vibratory separator, the screen panels are placed atop the panel deck with their side edges in contact with the center retainers. Elongated key members are inserted into upwardly facing slots in the center retainers to spread wing portions of the retainers laterally outwardly. This spreading of the wings of the center retainers causes the wings to grip the side edges of the screen panels so that these panels are secured in the vibrating screen assembly.
The panel mounting system disclosed in the two above-referenced Henry patents, which are assigned to Conn-Weld Industries, utilizes screen panels and cooperating anchor members which are bolted, welded or otherwise secured to cross members of the panel deck of the vibrating screen assembly. An owner of a vibrating screen apparatus which is not provided with the appropriate anchor members disclosed in the prior Henry patents must make substantial revisions and modifications to his vibrating screen assembly if he is to be able to enjoy the advantages of the Conn-Weld Industries panel mounting system.
A center retainer assembly for a panel mounting system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,398,817 to Connolly et al. and also assigned to Conn-Weld Industries. The center retainer assembly described in the '817 patent utilizes an elongated bolting bar which is encased in a resilient material and which includes an elongated center retainer. The center retainer assembly is placed into an upwardly facing retainer channel and is secured to the retainer channel by placement of the bolts carried by the bolting bar through holes in the retainer channel. The retainer channel is, in turn, secured to mounting plates that are attached to a cross tube or to a cross bar of a vibrating screen assembly.
A more recent screen panel retainer system is described in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,964,341 to Bacho, et al., which is also assigned to Conn-Weld Industries, the assignee of the subject patent application. In that system, the screen panels are held in place by screen panel edge strips that have pockets on their undersurfaces. Those pockets are cooperatively shaped to receive a plurality of ears that are situated on upper surfaces of retainer bars. These retainer bars are connected to the underlying screen stringer rails. While the screen panel retainer system described in the Bacho et al. patent has found acceptance in the industry because it does not require modification, or re-working of the industry standard screen stringer rails, it has been found to be somewhat difficult to use and has required the provision of screen panel edge strips which have been less easily installed than would be desired. Adjacent screen panels have required the use of cooperating and abutting screen panel edge strips. This alignment and abutment has been somewhat difficult to obtain in the field and has increased the time that has been required to initially install the system and to then replace worn screen panels with replacement screen panels. In an industrial setting, the amount of time that is required for a machine to be out of service, for repair or refurbishment results in a loss of production capability. Such lost production time should obviously be kept to a minimum. In the screen panel retainer system described in the Bacho et al. patent, these times were not able to be minimized to the hoped for degree.
The need still exists for a separatory panel retainer system that is compatible with current industry standard vibrating separatory machines and which can be quickly and expeditiously installed and maintained. In addition, the separatory panel retainer system must have the capability to accommodate to both new machines, as well as to older, used machines. The screen stringer rails which are secured atop the cross tubes or cross bars of the typical vibrating separatory machine, are typically configured with spaced holes along their upper faces. These spaced holes are used for the attachment of the screen panels to the machine's frame.
When the machine is new, all of the holes on the screen stringer rails are of uniform size. A number of currently available screen panel retention systems depend on the proper dimensioning of those holes to accomplish the securement of the screen panels to the machine frame.
Vibrating separatory machines are frequently used in applications in which a relatively abrasive material is separated from a suspension fluid, such as water. The slurry of fine abrasive particles and the suspension fluid finds its way into all of the components of the screen assembly, including into the spaces that exist between the screen panel connection mechanisms and the holes or apertures in the screen stringer rails. Over the course of time, the slurry abrades the holes and causes them to enlarge. This abrading action is enhanced by the vibration to which the separatory machine is continually subjected.
Eventually, these holes in the screen stringer rails become enlarged. Since a number of the currently available panel retainer systems utilize some type of an interference fit of pins, pegs or the like into these holes, the enlargement of these holes is problematic. At some point, the stringer rail holes become so enlarged that they will no longer engage the pins or pegs with sufficient retentive force. At such time, the screen stringer rails have to be refurbished, the screen panel retainers have to be modified or the screen stringer rails simply have to be replaced with new rails. In each such instance, the process involves considerable work and the equipment being taken out of service.
The prior Bacho et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,964,341 addressed this issue by the use of self-expanding polyurethane plugs. These plugs are expandable radially by the tightening of a bolt to radially expand a polyurethane sleeve which is initially sized to be insertable into the conventionally spaced and sized holes in the screen stringer rails. The snap lock screen panel and retainer system in accordance with the present invention continues to utilize this feature of the prior Bacho et al. system. Improvements have been made so that the threaded bolts which cause the expansion of the polyurethane plugs, cannot be tightened so that they will strip out the expander nuts which are pulled up toward the center retainer bar to expand the polyurethane sleeve radially.
A need thus exists for a screen panel retainer system that uses a minimum of parts, that is tolerant of dimensional variations and that is quick and easy to install and use. The snap lock separatory panel and retainer system in accordance with the present invention overcomes the limitations of the prior art and is a substantial improvement over the presently available systems.

Snap lock separatory panel and retainer system


A longitudinal database of de-identified patient healthcare transaction data records linked by longitudinal linking tags (IDs) is provided. A new healthcare transaction data record, which may include alphanumeric identification code attributes, third party attributes and/or demographic attributes, is assigned an linking ID associated with a previous healthcare transaction data record based upon successful comparison of either a designated set of identification code attributes or a designated set of demographic attributes. The longitudinal data base is assembled by a matching process in which a new data record is compared level by level with previous healthcare transaction data records through a hierarchy of a first series of matching levels each defined by a designated set of alphanumeric identification code attributes and a second series of matching levels each defined by a designated set of attributes including demographic attributes and then assigned the ID associated with a successfully matched reference data record.

The present invention relates to the management of personal health information or data on individuals. The invention in particular relates to the assembly and use of such data in a longitudinal database in manner that maintains individual privacy.
Electronic databases of patient health records are useful for both commercial and non-commercial purposes. Longitudinal (life time) patient record databases are used, for example, in epidemiological or other population-based research studies for analysis of time-trends, causality, or incidence of health events in a population. The patient records assembled in a longitudinal database are likely to be collected from a multiple number of sources and in a variety of formats. An obvious source of patient health records is the modern health insurance industry, which relies extensively on electronically communicated patient transaction records for administering insurance payments to medical service providers. The medical service providers (e.g., pharmacies, hospitals or clinics) or their agents (e.g., data clearing houses, processors or vendors) supply individually identified patient transaction records to the insurance industry for compensation. The patient transaction records, in addition to personal information data fields or attributes, may contain other information concerning, for example, diagnosis, prescriptions, treatment or outcome. Such information acquired from multiple sources can be valuable for longitudinal studies. However, to preserve individual privacy, it is important that the patient records integrated to a longitudinal database facility are "anonymized" or "de-identified".
A data supplier or source can remove or encrypt personal information data fields or attributes (e.g., name, social security number, home address, zip code, etc.) in a patient transaction record before transmission to preserve patient privacy. The encryption or standardization of certain personal information data fields to preserve patient privacy is now mandated by statute and government regulation. Concern for the civil rights of individuals has led to government regulation of the collection and use of personal health data for electronic transactions. For example, regulations issued under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), involve elaborate rules to safeguard the security and confidentiality of personal health information. The HIPAA regulations cover entities such as health plans, health care clearinghouses, and those health care providers who conduct certain financial and administrative transactions (e.g., enrollment, billing and eligibility verification) electronically. (See e.g., http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/hipaa). Commonly invented and co-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/892,021 filed Jul. 15, 2004, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety herein, describes systems and methods of collecting and using personal health information in standardized format to comply with government mandated HIPAA regulations or other sets of privacy rules.
For further minimization of the risk of breach of patient privacy, it may be desirable to strip or remove all patient identification information from patient records that are used to construct a longitudinal database. However, stripping data records of patient identification information to completely "anonymize" them can be incompatible with the construction of the longitudinal database in which the stored data records or fields are necessarily updated patient by patient.
Commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/122,589 filed May 5, 2005, incorporated by reference herein, discloses a solution which allows patient data records acquired from multiple sources to be integrated each individual patient by patient into a longitudinal database without creating any risk of breaching of patient privacy.
The solution disclosed in the referenced patent application uses a two-step encryption procedure using multiple encryption keys. The procedure involves the data sources or suppliers ("DS"), the longitudinal database facility ("LDF"), and a third party implementation partner ("IP"). The IP, who may also serve as an encryption key administrator, can operate at a facility component site. At the first step, each DS encrypts selected data fields (e.g., patient-identifying attributes and/or other standard attribute data fields) in the patient records to convert the patient records into a first "anonymized" format. Each DS uses two keys (i.e., a vendor-specific key and a common longitudinal key associated with a specific LDF) to doubly encrypt the selected data fields. The doubly encrypted data records are transmitted to a facility component site, where the IP can process them further. The data records are processed into a second anonymized format, which is designed to allow the data records to be linked individual patient by patient without recovering the original unencrypted patient identification information. For this purpose, the doubly encrypted data fields in the patient records received from a DS are partially de-crypted using the specific vendor key (such that the doubly encrypted data fields still retain the common longitudinal key encryption). A third key (e.g., a token based key) may be used to further prepare the now-singly (common longitudinal key) encrypted data fields or attributes for use in a longitudinal database. Longitudinal identifiers (IDs) or dummy labels that are internal to the longitudinal database facility may be used to tag the data records so that they can be matched and linked individual ID by ID in the longitudinal database without knowledge of original unencrypted patient identification information. (See FIG. 1)
Commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/122,564 filed May 5, 2005, incorporated by reference herein, discloses matching algorithms, which may be used to determine if a new or previously defined ID should be assigned to a set of encrypted data attributes. Once a new or previously defined ID has been assigned, the ID may then be used to link back to tag full data records, which include detailed transaction information. The matching algorithms assign longitudinal linking tags to de-identified patient data records by matching the patient data records with reference data records. The de-identified patient data records may include both encrypted and non-encrypted data attributes. Different possible subsets of the data attributes are categorized in a hierarchy of levels. Subsets of data field values are compared with the reference data records one level at a time. Upon successful comparison or matching of a subset of data field values, a longitudinal linking tag associated with a matched reference data record is assigned to de-identified data record is assigned. When a match is not found, a new longitudinal linking tag is created and assigned to the de-identified data record. The new tag and corresponding data record attributes are then added to the reference data for future matching operations.
Further consideration is now being given to the processes for matching patient data generated or received from diverse data sources. In particular, attention is paid to matching processes and logic that, for example, allow linking of a patient's data records across different pharmacies serving the same patient.

Method for linking de-identified patients using encrypted and unencrypted demographic and healthcare information from multiple data sources


An electrical connector comprises an insulative housing defining a lengthwise slot, a plurality of terminals received in the insulative housing and extending into the lengthwise slot, a metal shell, and an EMI gasket. The metal shell comprises a body portion with a front insertion port and a detachable metal cover, the body portion defines a hollow to receive the insulative housing. The body portion comprises a top wall defining a through window and a bottom wall defining a through opening, the metal cover covers the window of the body portion, and the EMI gasket is located between the body portion and the metal board portion for suppressing electro magnetic interference.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electrical connection device, and more particularly to an electrical connector with a metallic shell shielding a pair of connector therein.
2. Description of Related Art
CN Pat. No. 201038454 issued to TIAN-QING CAI on Mar. 19, 2008, discloses an electrical connector comprising an insulative housing defining a lengthwise slot, a plurality of terminals received in the insulative housing and extending into the lengthwise slot, and a metallic shell. The metallic shell comprises a body portion with a front opening for insertion of a mating connector, the body portion defining a hollow space to receive the insulative housing and a detachable metallic cover. The body portion comprises a top wall defining a window and a bottom wall defining a opening, the detachable metallic cover shields the window of the body portion. There is between the body portion and the cover a space, through which EMI emissions may leak out. Thus, the effective suppression of electromagnetic emissions remains a challenge.
Hence, an improved electrical connector is required to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

Electrical connector with metallic shell


A device for supplying lubricant for a fuel injection nozzle for injecting compressed natural gas (CNG) into an internal combustion engine is provided. The device includes a lubricant reservoir for supplying lubricant and having a feed pressure supply apparatus for applying a feed pressure to lubricant which is stored in the lubricant reservoir, where a feed pressure valve for setting the feed pressure is provided between the feed pressure supply apparatus and the lubricant reservoir, and a lubricant metering valve for metering the lubricant supply is provided between the lubricant reservoir and the fuel injection nozzle, where the lubricant is fed to the lubricant reservoir from an oil gallery of the internal combustion engine.

For the last few years natural gas has been increasingly used as a fuel for corresponding motorized motor vehicles. The storage, transportation and refueling are either carried out as compressed natural gas (CNG), i.e., as heavily compressed but still gaseous natural gas or as liquefied natural gas (LNG), i.e., natural gas which has been liquefied by severe cooling and is kept in liquid form through storage in pressurized vessels.
The advantage of natural gas is a cleaner combustion process when compared to gasoline and diesel. In the case of CNG this is because, on the one hand, CNG is already present in a homogenous gaseous form in the combustion chamber and not in an atomized form like gasoline and diesel, and, on the other hand, the molecule chains contain only approximately half as many carbon atoms with respect to the hydrogen atoms as those in gasoline and diesel, thus when combustion occurs with oxygen more water (H2O) and less carbon dioxide (CO2) and soot are produced.
Since at normal atmospheric pressure natural gas has a very low energy density in comparison to diesel fuel for example—with 0.036 MJ/L a lower volumetric calorific value than that of diesel which is 34.7 MJ/L, the natural gas is compressed to approximately 200 bar, in order to be able to carry along a sufficient quantity of energy in an acceptable volume in the motor vehicle.
The combustion process differs in that, instead of a gasoline/air mixture, a natural gas/air mixture is compressed, ignited and burnt in the cylinders.
Internal combustion engines which are operated with CNG as the fuel have special injection nozzles. For safe and continuous operation, a minimum degree of lubrication is necessary, but the fuel CNG does not provide this. Therefore, the service life and operational reliability of CNG injection nozzles are limited, since the lack of lubrication causes damage.
Therefore, an objective of the invention is to indicate ways in which the lubrication of specifically an injection nozzle of an internal combustion engine which is operated with CNG as a fuel can be improved.
The inventors have recognized the abovementioned problems. The problems may be at least partially addressed by a device for supplying lubricant for a fuel injection nozzle for injecting CNG into an internal combustion engine, having a lubricant reservoir for supplying lubricant and having a feed pressure supply apparatus for applying a feed pressure to lubricant which is stored in the lubricant reservoir, wherein a feed pressure valve for setting the feed pressure is provided between the feed pressure supply apparatus and the lubricant reservoir, and a lubricant metering valve for metering the lubricant supply is provided between the lubricant reservoir and the fuel injection nozzle. Additionally, the device draws lubricant into the lubricant reservoir from the oil gallery. With this device for supplying lubricant, it is possible to improve the supply of lubricant to injection nozzles of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine which is operated with CNG as fuel. Furthermore, by drawing lubricant into the reservoir from the oil gallery the lubricant can be reliably gathered from the lubrication system and then subsequently pressurized in the reservoir for precise lubricant dosing into the fuel injection nozzle. The likelihood of under-lubrication or over-lubrication of the fuel injection nozzle is therefore diminished.
It should be understood that the summary above is provided to introduce in simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described in the detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is defined uniquely by the claims that follow the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure.
To avoid unnecessary duplication of effort and repetition of text in the specification, certain features are described in relation to only one or several aspects or embodiments of the invention. However, it is to be understood that, where it is technically possible, features described in relation to any aspect or embodiment of the invention may also be used with any other aspect or embodiment of the invention.


A steel pipe having a circular sectional form is retained by a retainer. A rotatable first roller is pressed against an intermediate portion of the steel pipe. In this state, a pusher causes the steel pipe to move axially of the steel pipe. This causes the steel pipe to be plastically deformed while maintaining the first roller in rolling contact with the steel pipe whereby a flat portion is formed at the intermediate portion of the steel pipe. Subsequently, a second roller for forming rack teeth which is formed with teeth at its outer periphery is pressed against the flat portion of the steel pipe while the steel pipe is relatively moved in the axial direction thereof. This causes the flat portion of the steel pipe to be plastically deformed for formation of rack teeth at the flat portion.

The present invention relates to a process for fabrication of rack shaft for use in steering gears for vehicles and a fabrication machine therefor.
There have conventionally been provided rack and pinion steering gears as the steering units for vehicles. The rack and pinion steering gear is arranged such that a pinion is meshed with rack teeth cut on a rack shaft so as to axially move the rack shaft as rotated by the operation of a steering wheel, thereby allowing the steering of a vehicle.
As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the rack shaft for use in such a rack and pinion steering gear is formed of a steel pipe P for weight reduction. The steel pipe P is cut with rack teeth 90 at its axial intermediate portion, which rack teeth are meshed with the pinion. The rack teeth 90 are formed by a process comprising the steps of working a flat portion 92 by plastically deforming a part of the steel pipe P with an arcuate portion 91 thereof kept intact, and subjecting the flat portion 92 to a gear cutting work. The rack teeth 90 portion is hardened to a predetermined hardness by means of induction hardening.
As a process for forming the above flat portion 92 of the rack shaft, press forming is generally adopted wherein as retained by a die 93 including an upper die 93a and a lower die 93b, the steel pipe P is pressed by a forming punch 94 having a flat bottom surface, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. Unfortunately, however, this process produces sudden plastic deformation of the steel pipe P and therefore, dent-like deformations tend to occur at places axially and peripherally central of the flat portion 92, as shown by two-dot chain lines in the figures, or cracks tend to occur at places subject to a great quantity of deformation, such as inside corner portions Pa where an inner side of the flat portion 92 joins with an inner side of the arcuate portion 91.
To overcome this drawback, a work process has been proposed such that a bar-like jig 95 slantly positioned relative to the axis of the steel pipe P is pressed against the steel pipe P and, in this state, the jig is moved axially of the steel pipe P for forming the flat portion 92 (see Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 5(1993)-88662).
However, the process utilizing the bar-like jig 95 has a problem that the jig 95 and the steel pipe P are in sliding contact under a great pressure and therefore, frictional resistance during the sliding movement may sometimes cause the both to seize up despite lubrication. Accordingly, there exists a need for preliminarily subjecting the steel pipe P to a lubrication process, such as bonderlube, for prevention of the occurrence of the aforesaid seizing. This results in an increased production cost.

Process for fabrication of rack shaft and fabrication machine therefor


The present disclosure provides a content deleting method, a terminal, and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The method deleting method includes: acquiring a selected target content in a terminal interface when a content on the terminal interface is in a deletable state; and performing deletion operation on the target content if detecting a preset sliding track aiming at the target content.

With the development of science and technology, mobile phones have gradually become an indispensable part of people's life, and colorful app applications are more and more convenient to download and install in the mobile phones from all major application markets. However, as more and more applications are installed in the mobile phones, there will be more and more infrequently used app applications in the mobile phones, so users will often delete some infrequently used app applications from the mobile phones. For example, when the user deletes a certain app, the process is shown in FIG. 1, and the operation mode of deleting the app application by a mobile phone operating system is as follows: an application interface is opened; the application is long pressed to start the function of deleting the app application, and a small round cross appears at the upper left corner of the application; the small round cross at the upper left corner of a certain application to be deleted is clicked; the pop-up box displays confirm and cancel buttons; and after the user clicks the confirm button, the pop-up box disappears and the application is deleted.
However, it is troublesome to click the small round cross at the upper left corner of the application with fingers, and the action area is relatively small. For some girls with thick fingers and long nails, clicking on the small round cross at the upper left corner of the application to delete an app sometimes requires several operations to click, which will directly affect the operation of the user and reduce the user experience. In addition, the interface which displays whether to delete in the pop-up box gives the user an unfriendly visual experience, resulting in the delay of deleting the undesired applications.

Content deleting method, terminal, and computer readable storage medium


The present invention produces a regular grain oriented electrical steel using a single cold reduction step having excellent and highly uniform magnetic quality. The method includes the steps of providing an electrical steel band having Mn of 0.024% or less in excess of that needed to combine with S and/or Se. The band is provided with an anneal at a temperature of from 900.degree.-1125.degree. C. (1650.degree.-2050.degree. F.) for a time up to 10 minutes and slowly cooled to 480.degree.-650.degree. C. (900.degree.-1200.degree. F.) followed by rapid cooling to a temperature below 100.degree. C. (212.degree. F.). The annealed band must have a critical amount of austenite, .gamma..sub.1150.degree. C., of 7% or more. The annealed band is cold reduced in a single stage to the desired final thickness. The strip is decarburized and provided with an annealing separator coating on one or more surfaces of the strip. Before or during the final high temperature anneal, a total S level at least 15 mg per square meter is provided. The strip is final annealed at a temperature of 1100.degree. C. or higher to effect secondary grain growth. The finished regular grain oriented electrical steel has far superior and more uniform magnetic quality than available from previous single stage processes and which magnetic quality is comparable to regular grain oriented electrical steels made using processes requiring two stages of cold reduction separated by an annealing step.

The production of regular grain oriented electrical steel requires critical control of all the processing steps to provide material having the desired magnetic properties which are stable and reproducible. The present invention has found a combination of processing steps which produce (110)[001] oriented electrical steel using a single stage of cold reduction while providing magnetic quality previously obtainable only with a two stage cold reduction process.
Grain oriented electrical steels are characterized by the level of magnetic properties developed, the grain growth inhibitors used and the processing steps which provide these properties. Regular or conventional grain oriented electrical steels typically have magnetic permeability below 1880 as measured at 796 A/m. High permeability grain oriented electrical steels have magnetic permeability of 1880 or above and as such are differentiated from regular grain oriented electrical steels. As taught in the prior art, regular grain oriented electrical steels are produced using manganese and sulfur (and/or selenium) as the principle grain growth inhibitor(s) with two cold reduction steps separated by an annealing step. Aluminum, antimony, boron, copper, nitrogen and other elements are sometimes present and may supplement the manganese sulfide/selenide inhibitor(s) in amounts insufficient to provide the needed level of grain growth inhibition.
Representative processes for producing regular grain oriented electrical steel are taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,764,406; 3,843,422; 4,202,711 and 5,061,326 which are incorporated herein by reference. Most regular grain oriented electrical steel strip or sheet is produced using a two stage cold reduction process because it typically provides better and more uniform magnetic properties. While a single stage cold reduction process has long been sought since it eliminates at least two processing steps, the magnetic properties have not been obtainable with the same degree of consistency and quality.
Regular grain oriented electrical steel may have a mill glass film, commonly called forsterite, or an insulative coating, commonly called a secondary coating, applied over or in place of the mill glass film, or may have a secondary coating designed for punching operations where laminations free of mill glass coating are desired in order to avoid excessive die wear. Generally, magnesium oxide is applied onto the surface of the steel prior to the high temperature anneal. This primarily serves as an annealing separator coating; however, these coatings may also influence the development and stability of secondary grain growth during the final high temperature anneal and react to form the forsterite (or mill glass) coating on the steel and effect desulfurization of the base metal during annealing.
To obtain material having a high degree of cube-on-edge orientation, the material must have a structure of recrystallized grains with the desired orientation prior to the high temperature portion of the final anneal and must have grain growth inhibition to restrain primary grain growth in the final anneal until secondary grain growth occurs. Of great importance in the development of the magnetic properties of electrical steel is the vigor and completeness of secondary grain growth. This depends on having a fine dispersion of manganese sulfide or other inhibitor which is capable of restraining primary grain growth in the temperature range of 535.degree.-925.degree. C. (1000.degree.-1700.degree. F.). Thereafter, the cube-on-edge nuclei have sufficient energy to develop into large secondary crystals which grow at the expense of the less perfectly oriented matrix of primary grains. The dispersion of manganese sulfide is typically provided by high temperature slab or ingot reheating prior to hot rolling during which the fine manganese sulfide is precipitated.
The production of cube-on-edge oriented electrical steel requires that the material be heated to a temperature which dissolves the inhibitor prior to hot rolling so that during hot rolling the inhibitor is precipitated as small, uniform particles. U.S. Pat. No. 2,599,340 disclosed the basic process for the production of material from ingots and U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,764,406 and 4,718,951 obtained good magnetic properties from material which was continuously cast as slab followed by heating and hot rolling the cast slab prior to the conventional hot rolling step to reduce the size of the columnar grain structure.
Work done in the past, as represented in U.S. Pat. No. 3,333,992 (incorporated herein by reference), added large amounts of sulfur during the early portion of the final high temperature anneal by providing a sulfur-bearing annealing atmosphere or surface coating or both. However, achieving permeabilities at 796 A/m consistently in excess of 1800 required at least two cold reduction stages separated by an annealing step. In the examples of U.S. Pat. No. 3,333,992, a high level of manganese in excess of that required to combine with sulfur and/or selenium from the melt stage was employed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,493,739 teaches a method for producing regular grain oriented electrical steel using one or two stages of cold rolling. This patent teaches the use of 0.02-0.2% copper in combination with control of the hot mill finishing temperature to improve the uniformity of the magnetic properties. Phosphorus was controlled to less than 0.01% to reduce inclusions. Tin up to 0.10% could be employed to improve core loss of the finished grain oriented electrical steel by reducing the size the (110)[001] grains. The manganese sulfide precipitates were considered to be weak and the uniformity of the magnetic properties were improved by forming fine copper sulfide precipitates to supplement the manganese sulfide inhibitor. During hot rolling, the finish hot strip rolling entrance and exit temperatures were controlled to be from 1000.degree.-1250.degree. C. and 900.degree.-1150.degree. C., respectively. The examples of U.S. Pat. No. 4,493,739 show a conventional two stage cold rolling process was used. While the manganese and copper sulfide precipitates formed after hot rolling were fine and uniformly dispersed, the heavy 60-80% cold reductions required for grain size control and texture development in U.S. Pat. No. 4,493,739 implied that unstable secondary recrystallization would result with a single stage of cold reduction process although no such examples are shown.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,986,902 is related to excess manganese in regular grain oriented electrical steel. The patent uses manganese sulfide for the grain growth inhibitor needed for secondary recrystallization. To be effective, these inhibitors must be finely dispersed to prevent grain boundary migration and grain growth during primary recrystallization and promote grain growth of the (110)[001] grains during secondary recrystallization. Hot working causes these precipitates to grow appreciably and to be concentrated intergranularly such that the precipitates are less effective as grain growth inhibitors. It is therefore essential that the precipitates be dissolved in solid solution and that they precipitate as finely dispersed particles during or after the final step of hot rolling to band. Prior art practices discussed in this patent reviewed the need to provide a silicon steel with 0.07-0.11% manganese and 0.02-0.4% sulfur to provide the necessary grain growth inhibitors (0.055-0.11% manganese sulfide). Manganese in excess of that required to combine with sulfur to form manganese sulfide was present. The excess manganese was desired to prevent hot shortness; however, the patent taught that higher excess manganese decreased the solubility product of manganese sulfide and required higher slab or ingot reheating temperatures since the manganese sulfide was more difficult to dissolve. The patent sought to lower reheating temperatures to 1250.degree. C. (2290.degree. F.) or less by reducing the solubility product to a maximum of about 0.0012%. To enable effective grain growth inhibition using a smaller amount of manganese sulfide further required lowering the levels of insoluble oxides, such as Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, MnO, FeSiO.sub.3, etc., in the steel. It was believed that the oxides had very low solubility in solid steel, particularly at the lower reheating temperatures desired by this invention. Sulfur also had a tendency to react with the oxide inclusions and form oxysulfides, negatively influencing the solubility limits and affecting the development of the desired cube-on-edge orientation. The oxide inclusions noted in U.S. Pat. No. 3,986,902 were incurred during melting and teeming.
Various prior art attempts have been made to reduce the oxygen content to minimize such inclusions such as U.S. Pat. No. 3,802,937 which used lower amounts of manganese sulfide while minimizing oxide nucleation, particularly through the use of protection of the pouring stream during the teeming to avoid reoxidation products. The patent required that the manganese sulfide solubility product be maintained at less than 0.0012% and preferably from 0.0007-0.0010%. This was accomplished, for example, by using 0.05% manganese and 0.02% sulfur. Reducing either sulfur, manganese or both served to provide a lower solubility product; however, since the sulfur must be removed in the final anneal, it was preferred to keep sulfur low and maintain a controlled level of manganese. This resulted in a process having about 0.07-0.08% manganese and about 0.011-0.015% sulfur, the excess manganese content insuring that all of the sulfur was combined as manganese sulfide. As previously mentioned, control of the reoxidation products enabled using lower levels of manganese and sulfur with the lower slab reheating temperatures. Lower manganese-to-sulfur ratios of about 1.7 could be used while avoiding hot brittleness as compared with previous practices in the art which required ratios of about 3.0 . Per the teachings of U.S. Pat. No. 3,802,937, the slabs were reheated to a temperature of less than 1260.degree. C. (2300.degree. F.) and hot rolled to 1.3-2.5 mm (0.05-0.10 inch) thickness before the temperature falls to between 790.degree.-950.degree. C. (1450.degree.-1750.degree. F.). After hot rolling, the steel is cooled to between 450.degree.-560.degree. C. (850.degree.-1050.degree. F.) prior to coiling. Annealing of the hot rolled bands at a temperature of at least 980.degree. C. (1800.degree. F.) was preferred but optional. The bands were cold reduced to an intermediate thickness, annealed and again cold reduced to a typical final thickness of about 0.28 mm (0.011 inch). The steel was then decarburized at a temperature of 760.degree.-815.degree. C. (1400.degree.-1500.degree. F.) to reduce the carbon to 0.007% or less and provide primary recrystallization and subjected to a final anneal at about 1065.degree.-1175.degree. C. (1950.degree.-2150.degree. F.) to effect secondary recrystallization. The one example used 0.031% carbon, 0.055% manganese, 0.006% phosphorus, 0.02% sulfur, 2.97% silicon, 0.002% aluminum, 0.005% nitrogen and balance iron.
As pointed out by the above patents, the control of the manganese sulfide precipitates and the various processing steps required for producing regular grain oriented electrical steel having uniform and consistent magnetic properties is difficult. The ability to obtain the desired properties using a single cold reduction process is even more difficult and it is this challenge to which the present invention is directed.

Method for producing regular grain oriented electrical steel using a single stage cold reduction


Methods and apparatuses to generate and to access compressed and indexed elevations of Digital Elevation Models. In one aspect of the invention, a method to store elevation data includes: compressing elevation data of a first portion of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to generate first compressed elevation data; storing the first compressed elevation data in a storage location pointed to by a first index; and storing the first index. In another aspect of the invention, a method to retrieve elevation data includes: locating a first compressed portion of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) using a first index; and decompressing the first compressed portion to retrieve first elevation data for at least one sample point in the Digital Elevation Model. The Digital Elevation Model has a plurality of compressed portions which includes the first compressed portion; and the first index points to a storage location where the first compressed portion is stored.

To perform position location in wireless cellular networks (e.g., a cellular telephone network), several approaches perform triangulation based upon the use of timing information sent between each of several basestations and a mobile device, such as a cellular telephone. One approach, called Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT) or Enhanced Observed Time Difference (EOTD), measures at the mobile device the times of arrival of signals transmitted from each of several basestations. These times are transmitted to a Position Determination Entity (PDE) (e.g., a location server), which computes the position of the mobile device using these times of reception. The times-of-day at these basestations are coordinated such that at a particular instance of time, the times-of-day associated with multiple basestations are within a specified error bound. The accurate positions of the basestations and the times of reception are used to determining the position of the mobile device.
FIG. 1 shows an example of an AFLT system where the times of reception (TR1, TR2, and TR3) of signals from cellular basestations 101, 103, and 105 are measured at the mobile cellular telephone 111. This timing data may then be used to compute the position of the mobile device. Such computation may be done at the mobile device itself, or at a location server if the timing information so obtained by the mobile device is transmitted to the location server via a communication link. Typically, the times of receptions are communicated to a location server 115 through of one the cellular basestations (e.g., basestation 101, or 103, or 105). The location server 115 is coupled to receive data from the basestations through the mobile switching center 113. The mobile switching center 113 provides signals (e.g., voice communications) to and from the land-line Public Switched Telephone System (PSTS) so that signals may be conveyed to and from the mobile telephone to other telephones (e.g., land-line phones on the PSTS or other mobile telephones). In some cases the location server may also communicate with the mobile switching center via a cellular link. The location server may also monitor emissions from several of the basestations in an effort to determine the relative timing of these emissions.
In another approach, called Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA), the times of reception of a signal from a mobile device is measured at several basestations. FIG. 1 applies to this case if the arrows of TR1, TR2, and TR3 are reversed. This timing data may then be communicated to the location server to compute the position of the mobile device.
Yet a third method of doing position location involves the use in the mobile device of a receiver for the United States Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) system or other Satellite Positioning System (SPS), such as the Russian Glonass system and the proposed European Galileo System, or a combination of satellites and pseudolites. Pseudolites are ground-based transmitters, which broadcast a PN code (similar to a GPS signal) modulated on an L-band carrier signal, generally synchronized with SPS time. Each transmitter may be assigned a unique PN code so as to permit identification by a remote receiver. Pseudolites are useful in situations where SPS signals from an orbiting satellite might be unavailable, such as tunnels, mines, buildings or other enclosed areas. The term "satellite", as used herein, is intended to include pseudolite or equivalents of pseudolites, and the term GPS signals, as used herein, is intended to include GPS-like signals from pseudolites or equivalents of pseudolites. Such a method using a receiver for SPS signals may be completely autonomous or may utilize the cellular network to provide assistance data or to share in the position calculation. Examples of such a method are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,841,396; U.S. Pat. No. 5,945,944; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,812,087. As a shorthand, we call these various methods "SPS". In practical low-cost implementations, both the mobile cellular communications receiver and the SPS receiver are integrated into the same enclosure and, may in fact share common electronic circuitry.
A combination of either the AFLT or TDOA with an SPS system is called a "hybrid" system.
In yet another variation of the above methods, the round trip delay (RTD) is found for signals that are sent from the basestation to the mobile device and then are returned. In a similar, but alternative, method the round trip delay is found for signals that are sent from the mobile device to the basestation and then returned. Each of these round-trip delays is divided by two to determine an estimate of the one-way time delay. Knowledge of the location of the basestation, plus a one-way delay constrains the location of the mobile device to a circle on the earth. Two such measurements then result in the intersection of two circles, which in turn constrains the location to two points on the earth. A third measurement (even an angle of arrival or cell sector) resolves the ambiguity.
Altitude aiding has been used in various methods for determining the position of a mobile device. Altitude aiding is typically based on a pseudomeasurement of the altitude. The knowledge of the altitude of a location of a mobile device constrains the possible positions of the mobile device to a surface of a sphere (or an ellipsoid) with its center located at the center of the earth. This knowledge may be used to reduce the number of independent measurements required to determine the position of the mobile device. Typically, an estimated altitude can be manually supplied by the operator of the mobile device, or be set to an altitude from a previous three-dimensional solution, or be set to a predetermined value, or be derived from mapping information, such as a topographical or geodetic database, maintained at a location server.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,061,018, which is hereby incorporated here by reference, describes a method where an estimated altitude is determined from the information of a cell object, which may be a cell site that has a cell site transmitter in communication with the mobile device. U.S. Pat. No. 6,061,018 also describes a method of determining the condition of the measurements of the pseudoranges from a plurality of SPS satellites by comparing an altitude calculated from the pseudorange measurements with the estimated altitude.
Sometimes a table of lower resolution altitude data is stored in memory. Typically, high-resolution mapping information, such as a topographical or geodetic database, is stored in one or more flat files (non-indexed) at a location server. For example, a global Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with a horizontal grid spacing of 30 arc seconds (approximately 1 kilometer) may be obtained from U.S. Geological Survey on a set of five CD-ROMs. A DEM file from U.S. Geological Survey (http://edcdaac.usgs.gov/) is provided as 16-bit signed integers in a simple generic binary raster format. There is limited header and sometimes trailer bytes embedded in the image data. The data are stored in row major order (all the data for row 1, followed by all the data for row 2, etc.).
Sometimes, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is also referred to as a Digital Terrain Model (DTM).

Method and system for storage and fast retrieval of digital terrain model elevations for use in positioning systems