A photographic film cassette has two light trapping fabric pieces having pile threads, attached to respective upper and lower surfaces of the film passageway for trapping light. A ridge is formed on an inner surface of the cassette body for preventing the film from loosening. A ridge extended portion extends from the ridge toward the film passage mouth along the upper surface. The inclined portions are formed on both inner surfaces of the film passageway. The film leader is guided so as to be substantially between both fabric pieces during a film advance. A mechanism also is provided for shielding light in the passage through gaps between bottoms of the pile threads. In a further preferred embodiment, a recess is formed on the upper surface so that the lower surface is arranged in a position that is shifted upwardly by an amount corresponding to a depth of the recess, which reduces an angle at which light impinges on the coiled film. In yet another preferred embodiment, stepped portions or inclined portions are formed on the upper and lower surfaces. In a still further preferred embodiment, lateral walls of the film passageway are widely spaced near the film passage mouth to shield light in gaps beside the fabric pieces.

The present invention relates to a photographic film cassette, and more particularly to the construction of a film passageway in the cassette, through which film is advanced.
A photographic film cassette for containing 135-type film is the most widely-used of the various film cassettes. This film cassette is constituted by a light-tight cylindrical cassette body having a film passageway and a spool rotatably contained in the cassette body, the film being coiled around the spool.
Light trapping fabric, or "plush", is attached to the inner surfaces of the film passageway for trapping light entering the cassette body through a film passage mouth. There are various types of plush, including: woven fabric and pile threads woven therein, as described in Japanese Utility Model Publication 37-21388; knitted fabric and pile threads woven therein, as described in Japanese Utility Model Publication 61-34526; pile threads planted on the film passageway, as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication 37-4453, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publications 53-105222 and 57-190947; and non-woven fabric, as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication 51-127737.
In the film cassette most generally in use, a film leader of the film coiled in a roll protrudes from the film passage mouth. However, a film cassette with the entire film roll contained in the cassette body up to a leading end of the film has been proposed recently. In this film cassette, rotation of the spool causes the film to advance outside the cassette body toward a film take-up chamber in a camera so as to wind the film on a take-up spool in the chamber, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,832,275 and 4,834,306.
There is also a recently-used film cassette having a plastic cassette body. In FIG. 28, illustrating an important portion of this film cassette, opposing lateral sides of a film passageway in a cassette body are defined by both lateral walls 140 and 141, between which light trapping fabric 142 is attached to both inner surfaces of the film passageway. If the light trapping fabric is not attached precisely, gaps might appear between the lateral ends of the light trapping fabric 142 and the lateral walls 140 and 141. There could be a problem in that fogging might be generated on photographic film 14 when external light is incident on the inside of the cassette body 56 through the gaps. A proposed film cassette for solving this problem, described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication 57-190948, provides extra fabric for trapping light attached to both lateral walls of the film passageway.
However, the light trapping fabric is attached to the film passageway so as to press the film between both pieces thereof in a self-advancing film cassette described above, the light trapping fabric is considerably resistant to film advance. Thus, the light trapping fabric might bend the film in the cassette body, stop the film from advancing, and damage film surfaces.
The pile threads of the above-described light trapping fabric occupy a larger space at their tops but a smaller space at the bottom, because the bottoms are bunched. Light is trapped reliably at the middle between the upper and lower surfaces of the film passageway, but incompletely in the vicinity of the upper and lower surfaces. In FIG. 29, external light entering the inner surfaces of the film passageway might be incident on the outermost turn of the film 14 without being trapped by the light trapping fabric 142. If the form of the film passageway has a large angle .THETA. between the external light incident on the film 14 and the tangent of the outermost turn of the film 14, there is a problem in that the light incident on the coiled film 14 can cause fogging on a number of turns of the coiled film 14. Also, a film cassette as disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication 57-190948 is too expensive, because two different types of light trapping fabric are necessary.

Photographic film cassette having film guide members and light-shielding members


A semiconductor integrated circuit device constituting an inverting amplifier employs a cascode current source as a current source. In the semiconductor integrated circuit device, a high-potential-side transistor of the cascode current source and a low-potential-side transistor constituting an amplification portion are shared. The configuration can not only make an output impedance of the cascode current source high and improve current source characteristics but also make a minimum potential at a minimum potential point of the amplification portion low and ensure a sufficient power supply voltage margin.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor integrated circuit device suitable for an inverting amplifier.
2. Description of Related Art
An inverting amplifier is often used in a conventional analog circuit. For example, in a radio transceiver, inverting amplifiers are used in circuit blocks such as a local oscillation buffer circuit and a current-voltage conversion circuit, and frequency of use of inverting amplifiers is high.
As an example of such an inverting amplifier, a CMOS inverting amplifier configured to perform stable amplification at low voltage is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2006-60606 (hereinafter referred to as Document 1). The inverting amplifier in Document 1 is a single-phase amplifier circuit. For the reason, the invention of Document 1 is disadvantageous, e.g., in that the inverting amplifier is susceptible to common mode noise, and output amplitude may become small or oscillation may occur due to in-phase components.
Accordingly, a differential amplifier circuit using a current source may be adopted as an inverting amplifier. In such an inverting amplifier, a common source of a pair of transistors with a differential configuration is connected to a current source, and a bias current is supplied by the current source.
An ideal current source as such a current source configured to supply a bias current is a current source whose output impedance is infinite and which is capable of supplying a constant current regardless of an output voltage. An actual current source is composed of, e.g., a transistor and uses, as a bias current, a drain current obtained by controlling a gate voltage. However, in a transistor, an output impedance decreases, and a drain current increases with a rise in output voltage, due to channel length modulation effect caused by miniaturization. A transistor thus cannot constitute an ideal current source.


Disclosed herein is an information processing apparatus includes: a display control section which controls to generate a table with days of the week allocated in one of first and second directions and time zones of a day in the other direction and displays the table on a specified display device for showing setting status of recording reservation on a specified tuner; an acquiring section which acquires first information, second information, and third information, respectively indicating a specified broadcast station, a specified day of the week, a specified time zone of a day, inputted by a user; and an setting section which makes reservation for recording the contents that the broadcasted contents specified with the first to third information acquired by the acquiring section are received by the specified tuner and the received contents are recorded as data in a specified recording medium. When the recording reservation is set by the setting section, of all areas constituting the table displayed on the display device, the display control section controls to display the area identified with the contents, reserved to be recorded, by the setting section on the display device with a display format different from that of other areas.

The present invention relates to an information processing apparatus and an information processing method, and a program for the same, and more specifically to an information processing apparatus, an information processing method, and a program for the same each enabling a user to easily subscribe recording of a periodical TV program in order to "repeatedly record contents of a TV program broadcasted from a broadcast station every week, on a fixed day of the week, in a fixed time zone".
Recently, a recording/reproducing apparatus capable of recording a broadcast program (video signals and audio signals constituting the same) and reproducing the recorded program such as, for instance, a hard disk video recorder has been becoming increasingly popular, and further also a recording/reproducing apparatus enabling a user to make various setting and processing making use of program information concerning broadcast programs such as the so-called EPG (Electronic Program Guide) has been introduced into the market (Refer to, for instance, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 9-9193 (Patent document 1), Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-313878 (Patent document 2), and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-8122 (Patent document 3)).
With the recording/reproducing apparatus as described above, also the user can make setting for subscribing recording of "a specified broadcast program broadcasted from a specified broadcast station".

Information processing apparatus, information processing method and program for the same


In one aspect, a system for monitoring field profiles may include a vision-based sensor configured to capture vision data indicative of a profile of a field, with the profile being at least of a crop canopy profile of the field or a soil surface profile of the field. The system may also include a secondary sensor configured to capture secondary data indicative of the profile of the field. Furthermore, a controller of the disclosed system may be configured to receive the vision data from the vision-based sensor and the secondary data from the secondary sensor. Moreover, the controller may be configured to determine a quality parameter associated with the vision data. Additionally, when the quality parameter falls below a minimum threshold, the controller may be configured to determine at least a portion of the profile of the field based on the secondary data.

Agricultural sprayers apply an agricultural substance (e.g., a pesticide, a fungicide, and/or the like) onto crops as the sprayer is traveling across a field. To facilitate such travel, sprayers are configured as self-propelled vehicles or implements towed behind an agricultural tractor or other suitable work vehicle. A typical sprayer includes one or more outwardly-extending booms on which a plurality of spaced apart nozzles is mounted. Each nozzle is configured to dispense or otherwise spray the agricultural substance onto underlying crops and/or weeds.
It is generally desirable that the boom(s) of the sprayer remains level relative to the canopy of the underlying crops to facilitate uniform distribution of the dispensed agricultural substance across the field. As such, some sprayers include one or more actuators that adjust the orientation of the boom(s) relative to the crop canopy based on data received from a sensor. However, various conditions within the field, such as inconsistent crop emergence, terraces or drainage features, dust, spray clouds, poor ambient lighting, and/or the like, may result in low quality sensor data. Such low quality data may, in turn, provide an inaccurate representation of the profile of the underlying crop canopy, thereby resulting in inaccurate and/or unnecessary adjustments of the boom(s).
Accordingly, an improved system and method for monitoring field profiles would be welcomed in the technology. In particular, a system and method for monitoring field profiles based on data from multiple types of sensors would be welcomed in the technology.

System and method for monitoring field profiles based on data from multiple types of sensors


A technical device, in particular an electromechanical running gear for the movement of information carriers, such as magnetic tapes or discs, having a carrier plate (1) made of metal at which movable functional parts (5, 7) made of synthetic resin are formed by an injection molding process (outsert molding). Each functional part is held in a respective hole (3, 4) in the plate by means of retaining pieces (5a, 5b, 7, 7c) made of synthetic resin which overlie both plate surfaces (1c, 1d). The retaining pieces are interconnected through the hole by an integral synthetic-resin connection bridge (5b, 7b) integral with these pieces. Clearance sufficient to obtain a smooth movement of the functional parts (5, 7) in the holes (3, 4) is obtained through mechanical deformation of the retaining pieces subsequent to the insertion molding. The holes 3, 4 are formed such that the parts 5, 7 may be outsert molded with the parts free of contact with each other yet moveable after molding into continuous engagement with each other.

The invention relates to a technical device, in particular an electromechanical running gear for the movement of information carriers, such as magnetic tapes or discs, comprising a carrier plate made of metal at which movable functional parts made of synthetic resin are formed by an injection moulding process (outset molding), each of which parts being held in the region of at least one hole in the plate by means of retaining pieces made of synthetic on both plate surfaces, these retaining pieces being interconnected through the hole by means of a synthetic-resin connection bridge integral with these pieces, while the portions of the retaining pieces of synthetic resin covering the hole edges enclose the covered plate portions with a clearance which is obtained through subsequent mechanical deformation of the functional parts, which clearance corresponds to the movability of a plain bearing.
Such a technical device is known from, for example, EP 0 392 600 A2. In a plastic injection molding process (outsert moulding process), functional parts are formed at metal plates, each of which parts is held on both plate surfaces in the area of at least one plate hole by means of retaining pieces of synthetic resin, these pieces being interconnected through the hole by means of a synthetic-resin connection bridge which is integral with these pieces. When the bridges are round, there is a possibility, in the case of a single-bridge fastening, for the functional parts to be rotated after injection moulding. This rotation, however, can only be achieved with difficulty and only a few times. It is described in EP 0 392 600 A2 how such fastenings can be made movable in such a way that plain bearing characteristics are obtained. This is achieved in that the portions of the retaining pieces of synthetic resin covering the hole edges enclose the covered plate portions with a clearance obtained through subsequent mechanical deformation of the portions, corresponding to the movement possibility of a plain bearing. This clearance is achieved by means of a subsequent deformation.
JP 62-162.272 discloses two separately injection-moulded functional parts which are so formed that they can be brought into mutual engagement by an adjustment after injection moulding. The function obtained after the engagement has been achieved, however, is only a static one.

Device having a plate with multiple cooperating moving parts injection molded thereon


The coded block parameters used to code blocks of image samples into structures called macroblocks are compressed more efficiently by exploiting the correlation between chrominance and luminance blocks in each macroblock. In particular, the coded block pattern for chrominance and luminance are combined into a single parameter for the macroblock and jointly coded with a single variable length code. To further enhance coding efficiency, the spatial coherence of coded block patterns can be exploited by using spatial prediction to compute predicted values for coded block pattern parameters.

Full-motion video displays based upon analog video signals have long been available in the form of television. With recent advances in computer processing capabilities and affordability, full-motion video displays based upon digital video signals are becoming more widely available. Digital video systems can provide significant improvements over conventional analog video systems in creating, modifying, transmitting, storing, and playing full-motion video sequences.
Digital video displays include large numbers of image frames that are played or rendered successively at frequencies of between 30 and 75 Hz. Each image frame is a still image formed from an array of pixels based on the display resolution of a particular system. As examples, VHS-based systems have display resolutions of 320×480 pixels, NTSC-based systems have display resolutions of 720×486 pixels, and high-definition television (HDTV) systems under development have display resolutions of 1360×1024 pixels.
The amounts of raw digital information included in video sequences are massive. Storage and transmission of these amounts of video information is infeasible with conventional personal computer equipment. Consider, for example, a digitized form of a relatively low resolution VHS image format having a 320×480 pixel resolution. A full-length motion picture of two hours in duration at this resolution corresponds to 100 gigabytes of digital video information. By comparison, conventional compact optical disks have capacities of about 0.6 gigabytes, magnetic hard disks have capacities of 1–2 gigabytes, and compact optical disks under development have capacities of up to 8 gigabytes.
To address the limitations in storing or transmitting such massive amounts of digital video information, various video compression standards or processes have been established, including MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and H.26X. These video compression techniques utilize similarities between successive image frames, referred to as temporal or interframe correlation, to provide interframe compression in which motion data and error signals are used to encode changes between frames.
In addition, the conventional video compression techniques utilize similarities within image frames, referred to as spatial or intraframe correlation, to provide intraframe compression in which the image samples within an image frame are compressed. Intraframe compression is based upon conventional processes for compressing still images, such as discrete cosine transform (DCT) encoding. This type of coding is sometimes referred to as "texture" or "transform" coding. A "texture" generally refers to a two-dimensional array of image sample values, such as an array of chrominance and luminance values or an array of alpha (opacity) values. The term "transform" in this context refers to how the image samples are transformed into spatial frequency components during the coding process. This use of the term "transform" should be distinguished from a geometric transform used to estimate scene changes in some interframe compression methods.
Interframe compression typically utilizes motion estimation and compensation to encode scene changes between frames. Motion estimation is a process for estimating the motion of image samples (e.g., pixels) between frames. Using motion estimation, the encoder attempts to match blocks of pixels in one frame with corresponding pixels in another frame. After the most similar block is found in a given search area, the change in position of the pixel locations of the corresponding pixels is approximated and represented as motion data, such as a motion vector. Motion compensation is a process for determining a predicted image and computing the error between the predicted image and the original image. Using motion compensation, the encoder applies the motion data to an image and computes a predicted image. The difference between the predicted image and the input image is called the error signal. Since the error signal is just an array of values representing the difference between image sample values, it can be compressed using the same texture coding method as used for intraframe coding of image samples.
Although differing in specific implementations, the MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and H.26X video compression standards are similar in a number of respects. The following description of the MPEG-2 video compression standard is generally applicable to the others.
MPEG-2 provides interframe compression and intraframe compression based upon square blocks or arrays of pixels in video images. A video image is divided into image sample blocks called macroblocks having dimensions of 16×16 pixels. In MPEG-2, a macroblock comprises four luminance blocks (each block is 8×8 samples of luminance (Y)) and two chrominance blocks (one 8×8 sample block each for Cb and Cr).
In MPEG-2, interframe coding is performed on macroblocks. An MPEG-2 encoder performs motion estimation and compensation to compute motion vectors and block error signals. For each block MN in an image frame N, a search is performed across the image of a next successive video frame N+1 or immediately preceding image frame N−1 (i.e., bi-directionally) to identify the most similar respective blocks MN+1 or MN−1. The location of the most similar block relative to the block MN is encoded with a motion vector (DX,DY). The motion vector is then used to compute a block of predicted sample values. These predicted sample values are compared with block MN to determine the block error signal. The error signal is compressed using a texture coding method such as discrete cosine transform (DCT) encoding.
Object-based video coding techniques have been proposed as an improvement to the conventional frame-based coding standards. In object-based coding, arbitrary shaped image features are separated from the frames in the video sequence using a method called "segmentation." The video objects or "segments" are coded independently. Object-based coding can improve the compression rate because it increases the interframe correlation between video objects in successive frames. It is also advantageous for variety of applications that require access to and tracking of objects in a video sequence.
In the object-based video coding methods proposed for the MPEG-4 standard, the shape, motion and texture of video objects are coded independently. The shape of an object is represented by a binary or alpha mask that defines the boundary of the arbitrary shaped object in a video frame. The motion of an object is similar to the motion data of MPEG-2, except that it applies to an arbitrary-shaped image of the object that has been segmented from a rectangular frame. Motion estimation and compensation is performed on blocks of a "video object plane" rather than the entire frame. The video object plane is the name for the shaped image of an object in a single frame.
The texture of a video object is the image sample information in a video object plane that falls within the object's shape. Texture coding of an object's image samples and error signals is performed using similar texture coding methods as in frame-based coding. For example, a segmented image can be fitted into a bounding rectangle formed of macroblocks. The rectangular image formed by the bounding rectangle can be compressed just like a rectangular frame, except that transparent macroblocks need not be coded. Partially transparent blocks are coded after filling in the portions of the block that fall outside the object's shape boundary with sample values in a technique called "padding."
Frame-based coding techniques such as MPEG-2 and H26X and object-based coding techniques proposed for MPEG-4 are similar in that they perform intraframe and interframe coding on macroblocks. Each macroblock includes a series of overhead parameters that provide information about the macroblock. As an example, FIG. 1 shows macroblock parameters used in the header of an interframe macroblock. The COD parameter (10) is a single bit indicating whether the interframe macroblock is coded. In particular, this bit indicates whether or not the encoded macroblock includes motion data and texture coded error data. In cases where the motion and error signal data are zero, the COD bit reduces the information needed to code the macroblock because only a single bit is sent rather than additional bits indicating that the motion vector and texture data are not coded.
In addition to the COD bit, the coding syntax for macroblocks includes coded block parameters (CBP) indicating whether the coded transform coefficients for chrominance and luminance are transmitted for the macroblock. If the transform coefficients are all zero for a block, then there is no need to send texture data for the block. The Coded Block Parameters for chrominance (CBPC) are two bits indicating whether or not coded texture data is transmitted for each of the two chrominance blocks.
The CBPC bits are encoded along with another flag that provides information about the type of quantization for the macroblock. These flags are combined to form a parameter called MCBPC (12), and MCBPC is entropy coded using an entropy coding method such as Huffman or arithmetic coding.
The parameter called the AC_Pred_flag (14) is a flag indicating whether AC prediction is used in the macroblock.
The Coded Block Pattern for luminance (CBPY) (16) is comprised of four bits indicating whether or not coded texture data is transmitted for each of the four luminance blocks. Like the MCBPC parameter, the CBPY flags are also entropy coded using either Huffman or arithmetic coding.
After the CBPY parameter, the macroblock includes encoded motion vector data (shown as item 18 in FIG. 1). Following the motion vector data, the "block data" represents the encoded texture data for the macroblock (shown as block data 20 in FIG. 1).
One drawback of the coding approach illustrated in FIG. 1 is that it codes CBPC and CBPY flags separately, and therefore, does not exploit the correlation between these parameters to reduce the macroblock overhead. In addition, it does not take advantage of the spatial dependency of the coded block parameters.

Coded block pattern encoding with spatial prediction


A combined metric for the significance of an achievement relative to other achievements, even those in different games, may be generated based on a first metric and a second metric. The first metric may indicate the difficulty of an achievement based on the number of individuals who have completed the achievement. The second metric may indicate an amount of in-game time for the achievement to be completed. A representation of the achievement may be provided to one or more client devices.

Many video games, particularly mobile video game applications, have one or more achievements. Completing an achievement may allow a user to progress in the game and/or provide the user with a reward such as in game currency, experience points, or an in-game item (e.g., a weapon, a power-up, a defensive capability, etc.). Completing an achievement may be referred to as unlocking the achievement. In some cases, an achievement may be known as a trophy, badge, award, medal, challenge, etc. An achievement may not be directly related to a goal of a particular game. An achievement may be an arbitrary challenge created by a game developer to be met by the player. It may refer to a challenge that exists outside the usual confines of a game's level. For example, if the game is a first person shooter, the goal may be to complete an in-game mission such as rescuing a majority of a trapped group of people in an allotted time. An example of an achievement may be to rescue all of the people in the trapped group. Another achievement may be to rescue the people without firing a single shot. Thus, the achievements may be meant to enhance the playability of the game beyond the in-game missions/quests.
An achievement may be rated by the developer to indicate to game players how difficult the achievement might be. Some gaming platforms maintain achievements beyond the scope of a game itself. For example, a sports game maker may have a football, basketball, and racing series of games. Achievements may be related to ownership of all three types of games. Achievements earned in a game may be associated with points on the platform, which in turn may be used to rank each user of the platform.
Typically, an achievement's difficulty may be determined by a developer or game manufacturer and it may be arbitrary. This may make the achievement lack consistency or meaning between game applications, particularly those made by a different developer. Another issue may be that the developer may be responsible for maintaining an achievement system which can require a substantial amount of work and delay game releases. Further, it may not solve the inconsistency issue mentioned above. If an achievement does not have a difficulty indicator, it may not engage users has much as if there was a difficult indicator. For example, a player may be able to earn several easy achievements or one difficult achievement with the same effort. The incentive to pursue the difficult achievement may be reduced when there is no accolade for it.


A cylinder of a printing unit of a rotary offset printing machine has a periphery and an axial length. The peripheral surface of the cylinder is divided, in the axial length, into at least three sections that are positional next to one another. The peripheral surface has, in at least three sections, at least one slot-shaped opening. At least two of the sections each have two openings which are arranged offset with respect to each other about the periphery of the cylinder. The cylinder is intended for use in a cylinder pair including a 6/2 printing cylinder and an associated transfer cylinder.

A printing group of a rotary printing press having at least one transfer cylinder and at least one forme cylinder is known from WO 01/39977 A1. The transfer cylinder has a groove for receiving either one or several printing blankets, and the forme cylinder has at least two grooves, which are arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction, for receiving one or several printing formes. At least one of the grooves of the forme cylinder is at least partially covered by a printing forme. That at least partially covered groove of the forme cylinder rolls off on the area of the groove of the cooperating transfer cylinder intended for receiving one or several printing blankets. The ends of the printing formes can be arranged, offset with respect to each other, in different grooves, or the forme cylinder can have at least two printing formes arranged side-by-side in the axial direction, or can have several printing formes arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction. In the case of several printing formes arranged over the entire circumference, these can also be arranged with their ends alternatingly arranged offset with respect to each other.
DE 22 20 652 A1 describes a device for fastening flexible printing plates on the plate cylinder of a rotary printing press. The device has a pair of bracing-clamping cheeks, which are arranged on the same shaft and which are arranged in a cylinder groove in the cylinder body, and are pivotable around a shaft that is extending parallel with the cylinder axis over the entire length of the cylinder. A bracing-clamping cheek pair consists of a bracing cheek and a clamping cheek, wherein the bracing cheek, as well as the clamping cheek working together with it, are seated, pivotable around a shaft which is parallel with the axis and which can be actuated from the front end of the cylinder. In the preferred embodiment described, four bracing-clamping cheek pairs are alternatingly arranged, once on one half of the cylinder length and again on the other half of the cylinder length. To adapt this prior device to printing plates of different format widths, a short bracing-clamping cheek pair is arranged as an extension element between two adjoining bracing-clamping cheek pairs in such a way that it can be connected in the cylinder body with the adjacent bracing-clamping cheek pairs and thus can be pivoted in the same way as the bracing-clamping cheek pairs. Two coaxially arranged connecting shafts are provided in each cylinder groove, which shafts can be rigidly connected with a bracing-clamping cheek pair, that is arranged in one half of the cylinder length, and which shafts permit a torque to be transmitted from the front end, which is a part of the other half of the cylinder, to the bracing-clamping cheek pair which is connected with the connecting shafts. Accordingly, the connecting shafts are pivotably seated in the cylinder groove in the same way as are the bracing-clamping cheek pair connected with them.
A cylinder pair of a rotary printing press, with a 6/2 plate cylinder and with a printing blanket cylinder, is known from DE 25 28 008 A1. A center set of printing plates is arranged on the plate cylinder and is deliberately offset, at an angle other than 90°, from the two outer sets of printing plates positioned at the ends of the plate cylinder. The center printing blanket on the printing blanket cylinder is arranged deliberately offset at an angle other than 90° from the outer sets of printing blankets at the ends of the blanket cylinder. The ends of the dressings which are not angled off and which rest on the respective cylinder, are held by holding devices which are movable in wide cylinder grooves. Ends of dressings, which ends face each other, form a gap between themselves, which gap extends over the width of these dressings.
A device for bracing and/or for clamping flexible plates with angled-off suspension legs, which legs project into a fastening slit of a cylinder used for supporting the plates, is known from DE 199 24 786 A1. The fastening slit is connected with an axis-parallel cylinder groove in the cylinder radial direction. A base body, which is open in the direction toward the fastening slit, is arranged in the cylinder groove. Movable bracing and/or clamping elements are provided in the interior of the base body. The base body can consist of several shorter base bodies, which can be coupled together. The base body or bodies, arranged in a row in the cylinder groove, are connected with each other, fixed against relative rotation, by, for example, a tooth arrangement. A first and a last base body are each connected, fixed against relative rotation, with an end coupling element, whose parts which cover the cylinder groove are fastened on the flanks of the cylinder, for example by the use of screws.
A cylinder of a web-fed rotary printing press is known from DE 199 01 574 A1. A shell of the cylinder is divided, over its length, into adjoining sections, and an opening is provided in each section. This type of construction of a cylinder is not suitable for use in arranging several dressings on the shell of the cylinder along its circumference.
Such a cylinder of single circumference is also known from JP 10-071 694 A. The forme cylinder and the transfer cylinder are arranged in the printing group in such a way that an opened section of the forme cylinder rolls off on a closed section of the transfer cylinder, and vice versa.
A printing group cylinder, with a groove with alternatingly opened and closed areas arranged on the shell, is known from DE 198 54 495 A1. Tongues of a printing forme to be mounted on the printing group cylinder extend into the opened areas.
A cylinder for printing presses is known from DE 696 04 065 T2. A groove, which is open toward the shell, is closed by an insertion piece, which terminates flush with the shell.
A cylinder of single circumference for printing presses is known from CH 345 906 A. Four dressings are arranged, side-by-side, on the cylinder in its axial direction. Each of the dressings is fastened in a bracing groove which is open toward the shell of the cylinder. The bracing grooves of adjacent dressings are arranged offset in respect to each other along the circumference of the cylinder.

Cylinder pair having a plurality of printing formes and blankets and offset groove openings


Mutations involving amino acid substitution were introduced into various sites of diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase (MVD), thus preparing a large number of MVD variants. Then, the variants were each evaluated in terms of a catalytic activity for production of olefin compounds such as isoprene. As a result, it was found that substitution of glycine at position with a different amino acid resulted in improvement in the catalytic activity. In addition, it was found that the MVD in which arginine at position and threonine at position in addition to the position were further substituted with different amino acids, respectively, also had the high catalytic activity.

Olefin compounds such as isoprene and isobutene are very useful as raw materials for various synthetic polymers such as synthetic rubbers. The compounds can be obtained by chemical methods such as fractional distillation of petroleum.
Nevertheless, even by such chemical methods, the yield is low, the production cost is high, and it takes time. Further, in consideration of the recent environmental problems, there are demands for the development of environmentally-friendly and sustainable methods for producing olefin compounds without wasting limited resources, instead of the chemical methods.
In view of such a situation, efforts have been made to produce olefin compounds by utilizing or modifying metabolic pathways of microorganisms and so forth. For example, there have been disclosed methods for producing isoprene, isobutene, and the like by introducing a mutation into a diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase or the like involved in the mevalonate pathway, and thereby utilizing the enzyme variant (PTLs 1 to 3).

Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase variant and method for producing olefin compound by using the same