Disclosed is an information processor comprising multiple instruction setup units which fetch and decode instructions as the first half of the procedure in instruction pipelines, each of the instruction setup units being in charge of processing instruction streams. The decoded results are scheduled in instruction schedule units and sent to each corresponding function unit to be executed.

(1) Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an information processor which increases the utilization of functional units, by issuing multiple instructions from different instruction streams in parallel and to an instruction scheduler used for the information processor.
(2) Description of the Related Art
Recently, higher-and-higher-speed execution of instructions in information processors is being pursued by processing them in parallel. The architectural definition of the current general-purpose computers implies sequential execution of instructions, that is, any instruction being executed after the execution of the immediately preceding instruction is completed.
Some years ago, the designers of high-performance sequential machines already knew that concurrent execution of instructions could improve the performance of the machines. First tried on this line was the pipelining (parallelization) of instruction process. However, inter-instruction dependencies (for example, the information input of an instruction is generated by executing the immediately preceding instruction) prevent these primary pipelined machines from achieving up to the upper limit performance that one instruction is executed per cycle. However, this problem has been almost solved by the advent of the Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) processor, whose number of instructions to be executed per cycle is almost 1, which is close to the limit of high speed. MIPS R2000/3000 is an example of the pipelined high-performance RISC processor. However, since it is impossible to depend only on the pipelining technique to realize further improvement of the performance, the designers have provided more arithmetic units, by which multiple instructions have been issued per cycle. Such improvement of the performance costs additional amount of hardware including not only more functional units but also more complicated control in order to keep logical sequence of instruction execution demanded by the architecture. Intel 80960CA is the first commercial microprocessor employing such a superscalar (multi-instruction issue) technique.
However, there is also a limitation to improve the performance of the processors by employing such a technique. It is said that only two or three instructions could be issued in parallel because the inter-instruction dependencies are not thoroughly eliminated, taking normal application into account. (refer to "Nikkei electronics" 487 issue p.191-200)

Apparatus for simultaneously scheduling instructions from plural instruction stream into plural instruction executions units

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


Embodiments of a breast implant retractor tool are described. Some embodiments of a breast implant retractor tool allow for the accurate placement of breast implants with zero or minimal air trapped in the breast implant cavity. In one embodiment, a surgical retractor tool includes a handle and a blade. The blade is connected to and extends away from the handle. The blade includes an internal pathway which defines a passageway from a first opening or inlet on the blade to a second opening or outlet.

Breast implants are sometimes placed to enhance the size and/or shape of a woman's breasts in elective surgery. In addition, breast implants are sometimes necessary for reconstructive surgery following breast cancer. Such procedures include utilizing tools to allow a surgeon to place the implant within a cavity within the cavity.
Breast implants are inserted into a cavity through a small opening or incision in the breast. As the implant may be larger than the opening through which the implant is inserted, the implant may effectively seal off the opening and prevent air trapped inside the breast tissue from exiting through the incision. In this way, the air is trapped behind the implant, or on the opposite side of the implant from the incision. Excess air within the cavity is detrimental to the accurate placement of the implant as well as the stability of the implant.


An approach is provided for auto-bandwidth adjustment of allocated bandwidth for a traffic tunnel over a network. A determination is made regarding a traffic load over the tunnel, where the tunnel meters traffic in accordance with the bandwidth allocation. A determination is made regarding whether the traffic load triggers an adjustment threshold, where the adjustment threshold is set to provide a desired headroom below the bandwidth allocation. And the bandwidth allocation is adjusted when the adjustment threshold is triggered to provide the desired headroom between the adjusted bandwidth allocation and the traffic load.

Telecommunications networks have developed from connection-oriented, circuit-switched (CO-CS) systems, e.g., such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), utilizing constant bit-rate, predefined point-to-point connections to connectionless, packet-switched (CNLS) systems, such as the Internet, utilizing dynamically configured routes characterized by one or more communication channels divided into arbitrary numbers of variable bit-rate channels. With the increase in demand for broadband communications and services, telecommunications service providers are beginning to integrate long-distance, large-capacity optical communication networks with these traditional CO-CS and CNLS systems. Typically, these optical communication networks utilize multiplexing transport techniques, such as time-division multiplexing (TDM), wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), and the like, for transmitting information over optical fibers. However, an increase in demand for more flexible, resilient transport is driving optical communication networks toward high-speed, large-capacity packet-switching transmission techniques, wherein switching and transport functions occur in optical states via one or more packets.
Such optical communication networks can experience significant fluctuations in traffic due to many factors, such as increases or decreases in the number of customers allocated to use the network and/or components of the network, changes in the structure of the network that increase of decrease capacity of the network and/or of components of the network, and fluctuations in usage that can be somewhat predictable or cyclical in nature, as well as random or bursty in nature. Typically, if the amount of traffic attempting to use resources of the optical communication network allocated thereto exceeds the capacity of the allocated resources, then excess data will be lost until the situation is resolved.
Therefore, there is a need for an approach that provides packet-based networks with efficient techniques for automatically adjusting bandwidth allocations in response to traffic fluctuations and capacity reconfigurations.

Method and system for providing auto-bandwidth adjustment


A windshield repair device including a base, several sucking disks connected with the base by several connecting rods, a pressurizing tank, a rotary bar and a plug block. The base is formed with a central axial thread hole and the pressurizing tank has a thread rod at one end for screwing into the thread hole of the base. The pressurizing tank further has an inner thread at a central section for engaging with an outer thread of the rotary bar. The plug block is plugged into a central hole of a bottom end of the pressurizing tank. When a repair liquid is filled into the pressurizing tank, the rotary bar is twisted downward in the pressurizing tank and a bottom end of the rotary bar is extended into a central hole of the plug block to compress the air therein, whereby the pressure of the air forces the repair liquid to evenly flow into every corners of the fissure.

The present invention relates to a windshield repair device, and more particularly to a windshield repair device which utilizes air pressure to evenly force the repair liquid into a fissure of the windshield so as to more firmly, durably and smoothly repair the windshield.
When the windshield of a car is collided by a small rock or other alien particles, a fissure is often produced on the windshield. If the windshield is not repaired in time, the fissure will further expand to make the windshield become cracky. According to the conventional windshield repair measure, a repair liquid is directly filled into the fissure to naturally flow along the fissure without being forced by any assistant air pressure. Therefore, the repair liquid often fails to flow into some tail ends of the fissure and thus the windshield can be hardly firmly and durably repaired. In addition, the repaired fissure often leaves an unsmooth surface on the windshield and results in a poor appearance.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide an improved windshield repair device which is able to more firmly, durably and smoothly repair the windshield.


An electronic device includes a voltage converter configured to provide an output having an output voltage value and an output current value. The electronic device also includes a handshake control unit a handshake control unit, coupled to the voltage converter, configured to perform a handshake process for a charging voltage value and receive a matching result of the handshake process. The electronic device further includes a matching management unit, coupled to the handshake control unit, configured to send a first request for resuming matching to the handshake control unit in response to the matching result as being failed.

The last decade has witnessed the expanding use of handheld electronic devices. Although handheld devices are easily carried, they rely on power from batteries and further from power supplying devices in case the battery power is exhausted. The charging of handheld electronic devices is completed through a transformer or voltage converter that must comply with specific requirements since the charging voltage is designed as being fixed for a charger and cannot be adapted to different electronic devices.
As the number and types of personal handheld electronic devices increase, the charging requirements and specifications are not unified among different electronic devices. To address the need to charge different electronic devices, one should prepare multiple transformers or voltage converters with different charging standards. Thus, it is desired to improve existing transformers or voltage converters in order to meet the charging requirement of handheld electronic devices.

Electronic device for charging and charging method thereof


The present invention discloses a medicament for the prevention and treatment of tumors, in particular relating to the use of 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-dGTP) in the manufacturing of a medicament for the prevention and treatment of tumors, and a medicament comprising 8-oxo-dGTP for the prevention and treatment of tumors, and falls within the pharmaceutical field. The 8-oxo-dGTP can be used in the manufacturing of a medicament for at least one of the treatment, prevention and control of tumors. The 8-oxo-dGTP has a significant inhibitory effect on tumorigenesis and tumor cell proliferation for many types of tumors, and can serve as a new candidate medicament for the prevention and treatment of tumors. Animal experiments show that the 8-oxo-dGTP is significantly superior to 5-FU in terms of tumor inhibition, therefore has a good industrial availability and great business and social values.

The 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-dGTP or 8-oxodGTP) is a nucleotide that is capable of triggering DNA mutations in vivo. Either during normal metabolic activity or under exogenous stimuli, cells will produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species and oxygen-derived free radicals, wherein —OH is highly reactive and can damage biological macromolecules such as carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids and amino acids. In nucleic acids, more than 20 kinds of oxidized bases have been detected, among which guanine has the lowest oxidation potential and the C atom at position 8 is the most easily oxidized by hydroxyl radicals to generate 8-oxo-guanosine (8-oxoG), and therefore, 8-oxoG is the most abundant oxidized base in the cell and plays a key role in influencing the stability of genetic information. Reactive oxygen species and oxygen-derived free radicals cause DNA oxidative damage mainly in the following two ways: one is where the guanine in the DNA strand is directly oxidized into 8-oxo-guanosine (8-oxoG); the other is where deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) in the pool of nucleotides is oxidized into 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-dGTP). 8-oxodG can be mismatched with adenine (A), and the efficiency of the mismatching is almost equivalent to that of the match with cytosine (C), resulting in the base transversion of A: T→G: C, which is the theoretical basis of DNA mutations caused by reactive oxygen species.
No research on the role of 8-oxo-dGTP in the prevention of tumorigenesis and against tumors has been reported either at home or abroad.

Tumor prevention and treatment drug and applications thereof


A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and method for generating voltage controlled oscillating signals utilizes a plurality of timing blocks that form a circular signal path to provide delays to control the frequencies of the signals. The VCO is suitable for applications at frequencies of 3 GHz and higher, and has low voltage and power requirements. The delays provided by the timing blocks are determined by the operating properties of differential transistors, timing capacitors and current sources, which are included in the timing blocks.

The invention relates generally to voltage controlled oscillators, and more particularly to voltage controlled oscillators suitable for applications at frequencies of 3 GHz and higher.
A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is a critical component in almost every digital communications systems. VCOs generate an oscillating signal at a frequency determined by an external voltage, which is useful for tracking and matching signal frequencies. In a digital communication system, VCOs are used for clock generation and synchronization to transmit and receive data.
As is well known in the field of circuit design, there are various types of VCOs. The particular type of VCOs of interest herein is the type of VCOs that utilize ring oscillators. A ring oscillator includes a number of inverters or differential delay cells that are connected in series. The output of the last differential delay cell is typically connected to the first differential delay cell and consequently, the differential delay cells of the oscillator form a circular path. The frequency at which the VCO oscillates is primarily determined by the delays caused by the differential delay cells included in the ring oscillator.
A conventional VCO of interest is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,936,476 to Iravani. In one embodiment, the VCO of Iravani includes an amplifier, a replica circuit and a number of VCO cells. Each VCO cell includes a pair of differential transistors that are connected to a common current source. The differential transistors are both connected to a supply voltage (VDD) via a source follower transistor. The replica circuit includes a single xe2x80x9cdifferentialxe2x80x9d transistor that is connected to a current source and to VDD via a source follower transistor. The replica circuit is designed to match the current and voltage characteristics of the VCO cells. A negative feedback loop connects the replica circuit to the amplifier of the VCO. The amplifier is configured to receive an external voltage and the negative feedback voltage from the replica circuit. The output of the amplifier is connected to the gates of the source follower transistors that are connected to the replica circuit and the VCO cells. The amplifier operates to control each of the source follower transistors in the same manner, and thus, each of the VCO cells compensates for any perturbation in VDD. The VCO of Iravani is described as having an operating frequency of 3 GHz and higher.
Another VCO of interest is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,037,842 to Bryan et al. The VCO of Bryan et al. includes a differential control voltage, a plurality of variable delay elements, a buffer circuit and a differential driver circuit. The variable delay elements are connected in a ring oscillator configuration. Each variable delay element includes a pair of parallel connected differential CMOS sections, which are controlled by a differential control voltage. The differential control voltage magnitude sets the relative level of operation for the variable delay element, which determines the delay through that variable delay element. The VCO of Bryan et al. is described as having an operating frequency in the GHz range.
Although the above-described VCOs and other known VCOs operate well for their intended purposes, there is a growing interest to develop a VCO suitable for applications at frequencies of 3 GHz and higher that has lower voltage and power requirements, as well as fewer electrical components. In view of this interest, what is needed is a VCO circuit suitable for applications at frequencies of 3 GHz and higher that includes a small number of electrical components and requires low operating voltage and power.
A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and method for generating voltage controlled oscillating signals utilizes a plurality of timing blocks that form a circular signal path to provide delays to control the frequencies of the signals. The VCO is suitable for applications at frequencies of 3 GHz and higher, and has low voltage and power requirements. The delays provided by the timing blocks are determined by the operating properties of differential transistors, timing capacitors and current sources, which are included in the timing blocks.
A VCO in accordance with the present invention includes a number of timing blocks that are connected in a circular signal path configuration. Each timing block includes a differential voltage gain circuit that is configured to output amplified differential signals in response to input differential signals, and a frequency control circuit that is coupled to the differential voltage gain circuit. The frequency control circuit includes a first transistor and a first current source on a first current path, and a second transistor and a second current source on a second current path. The first current path has a first output terminal, which is connected to a first capacitor. Similarly, the second current path has a second output terminal, which is connected to a second capacitor. The first and second transistors are controlled by the amplified differential signals, while the first and second current sources are controlled by an input voltage to source defined amounts of current. The defined amounts of current at least partially define frequencies of output differential signals on the first and second output terminals.
In an exemplary embodiment, the VCO includes a first timing block and a second timing block. Each of the first and second timing blocks includes input terminals and output terminals. The first and second timing blocks are configured such that the output terminals of the first timing block are connected to the input terminals of the second timing block, and the output terminals of the second timing block are connected to the input terminals of the first timing block. In an embodiment, the input terminals and the output terminals of the first and second timing blocks are connected such that output differential signals from the first timing block are inversely received by the second timing block.
In one embodiment, the first and second transistors of the frequency control circuit are bipolar transistors. In another embodiment, the first and second transistors of the frequency control circuit are metal oxide semiconductor transistors. In either embodiment, each of the first and current sources of the frequency control circuit may include a signal metal oxide semiconductor transistor.
The differential voltage gain circuit of each timing block may include one or more differential amplifiers. Each differential amplifier includes differential transistors that are connected to a common current source. In an embodiment, each differential transistor is connected to a resistor, which is connected to a supply voltage.
A method for generating voltage controlled oscillating signals in accordance with the invention includes the steps of receiving first differential signals, amplifying the first differential signals to generate amplified first differential signals, applying the amplified second differential signals to parallel transistors, controlling amounts of current sourced by current sources that are connected to the parallel transistors using an input voltage, and outputting second differential signals having predefined frequencies on output terminals that are connected to the parallel transistors. The output terminals are also connected to capacitors. The predefined frequencies of the second differential signals are at least partially determined by the amounts of current sourced by the current sources and the capacitances of the capacitors. In an embodiment, the first differential signals and the second differential signals have a quadrature phase relationship.
The method may further include the steps of receiving the second differential signals, amplifying the second differential signals to generate amplified second differential signals, applying the amplified second differential signals to second parallel transistors, controlling amounts of current sourced by second current sources that are connected to the second parallel transistors using the input voltage, and outputting the first differential signals having the predefined frequencies on second output terminals that are connected to the second parallel transistors. The second output terminals are connected to second capacitors.
In an embodiment, the step of controlling the amounts of current sourced by the current sources includes supplying the input voltage to parallel current control transistors that function as the current sources. Furthermore, the step of amplifying the first differential signals may include amplifying the first differential signals in two stages using multiple differential amplifiers.
In an embodiment, the parallel transistors are bipolar transistors. In another embodiment, the parallel transistors are metal oxide semiconductors.
Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrated by way of example of the principles of the invention.

High frequency voltage controlled oscillator