An organic electroluminescent device comprises an electroluminescent unit having an organic layer structure provided between a pair of electrodes and capable of emitting light on application of a voltage thereto. The electroluminescent unit is covered with a protective double layer made of an organic barrier layer and an inorganic barrier layer formed on the unit in this order.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an electroluminescent device which has utility in various types of display devices, and more particularly, to an organic electroluminescent device which works at low drive voltage and has a high luminance and good stability.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Electroluminescent devices are self-luminescent in nature, and are thus brighter than liquid crystal devices, ensuring a clear display. Accordingly, research works have long studied such devices. Existing electroluminescent devices, which arrive at a level in practical use, are those which make use of inorganic materials such as ZnS. However, such inorganic electroluminescent devices are not in wide use because their drive voltage for light emission is as high as 200 V or over.
On the contrary, organic electroluminescent devices, which utilize light-emitting organic materials, have still been far from the practical level. In 1987, C. W. Tang et al of Eastman Kodak Co., Ltd. developed a built-up structure device, with a drastic advance in characteristic performance. More particularly, the device has a built-up structure which includes a fluorescent body having a stable deposited film and capable of transporting electrons, and an organic film capable of transporting holes. The carrier from the both are charged into the fluorescent body, with a success in light emission. This organic electroluminescent device has a much improved luminescent efficiency, and is capable of emission at 1000 cd/m.sup.2 or more on application of a voltage of 10 V or below. Thereafter, many researchers have made studies on the improvements of characteristics. At present, a light-emitting characteristic of 10,000 cd/m.sup.2 or over is obtained.
The fundamental light-emitting characteristic of the organic device has been within a satisfactory serviceable range, but the most serious problem, which should be overcome in order to realize the practical use of the organic device, resides in the shortage of stability. More particularly, the organic electroluminescent device is disadvantageous in that its emission luminance lowers, and a non-light-emitting region, usually called "dark spot", appears, with their area being enlarged from the spot or spots.
The dark spot is caused and facilitated to develop in the device by the presence of moisture entering from defective portions thereof. In order to suppress moisture from entering, there has been proposed the provision of a sealing layer covering the device therewith (Japanese Laid-open Patent Application Nos. 4-267097 and 7-192866). In the Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 4-267097, a first film is formed according to a vapor phase method, such as a vacuum deposition technique, on which a photo-curable resin is coated and cured in situ to form a second layer, thereby forming a built-up protective structure. It is stated that when the protective structure is formed in this way, damages, which are caused at the time of the formation of the second layer, can be mitigated. It is also stated in this publication that this structure is effective in suppressing degradation of an emission intensity. The sealing, protective layer disclosed in the Japanese Laid-open Patent Application No. 7-192866 is one which is made of a mixture of an organic component as used in an organic compound layer in an electroluminescent device and an inorganic oxide. It is set out that this layer is able to suppress the occurrence of dark spot. However, in either case, it is not always satisfactory with respect to the enlargement of a dark spot. This presents a serious problem when the organic electroluminescent device is in service.

Organic electroluminescent device having a protective covering comprising organic and inorganic layers

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A high-power solid-state RFPA includes an output stage having a power transistor and a current enhanced driver that drives the output stage. The current enhanced driver includes an inductor and first and second transistors arranged in totem-pole-like configuration. When the first transistor is turned on and the second transistor is turned off, the inductor supplies a first charging current to the output stage, to assist in charging the input gate-source capacitor (Cgs) of the power transistor in the output stage. The first transistor further provides a second charging current that supplements the first charging current, thereby enhancing charging of the gate-source capacitor Cgs. Conversely, when the first transistor of the driver is turned off and the second transistor is turned on, the second transistor provides a discharge path through which the gate-source capacitor Cgs can discharge.

High-power solid-state radio frequency power amplifiers (RFPAs) are used in a wide variety of applications including, for example, wireless communications, jamming, imaging, radar, and RF heating.
To achieve high gain, high-power solid-state RFPAs are often designed in multiple stages. FIG. 1 is a simplified drawing of a multi-stage high-power solid-state RFPA 100. The high-power solid-state RFPA 100 comprises an input stage 102, a driver stage 104, and a high-power output stage 106. The primary purpose of the high-power output stage 106 is to convert DC energy from its DC power supply to RF energy and thereby produce RF power that is significantly higher than the RF power applied to its input.
The efficiency of a multi-stage RFPA is heavily dependent upon the high-power output stage's ability to achieve fast slew rates. Unfortunately, the transistors used in the high-power output stages of multi-stage RFPAs must be large and therefore unavoidably have large input capacitances. The large input capacitances make fast slew rates very difficult to realize. The high-power output stage is the stage in the RFPA that consumes the majority of power. Consequently, in most applications, finding ways to make the high-power output stage operate as efficiently as possible is paramount. Since the driver stage controls the operation of the high-power output stage, how the driver stage is designed substantially affects how efficient the high-power output stage can possibly be. For this reason, the driver stage deserves special attention.

Current enhanced driver for high-power solid-state radio frequency power amplifiers


A massive heat slug in thermally coupled to the top of an IGBT to act as a local thermal inertia element to absorb and store heat from the die during peak temperature rise and to return heat to the die at reduced die temperature, thereby reducing the ratio of die peak temperature to die average temperature. The device is useful in applications in which the IGBT is called upon to carry current at a range of frequencies which includes very low (eg 3 Hz) frequencies as in a motor control circuit.

Insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are commonly used in the inverter circuit section of motor drive circuits. Inverter circuits of this kind are shown, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,825,641.
When the motor of a motor drive circuit turns very slowly, the power output of the inverter is at very low frequency, for example, 3 Hz. The relationship between IGBT transient thermal impedance and its peak junction temperature rise is a function of the output frequency of the motor drive inverter. The same output current is generally required at all output frequencies. The rated output current of an IGBT die for a particular circuit is, therefore, limited to that obtainable at the lowest output motor current frequency, typically 3 Hz, since the junction temperature is at its highest at this frequency. More specifically, while the IGBT device will switch at a frequency between 1 KHz to 20 KHz, the meter current which it carries may have a frequency as low as 3 Hz at slow spaced rotation.
If the transient thermal impedance can be reduced, the ratio of peak to average junction temperature will be reduced, and increased output current can be obtained at 3 Hz for a given IGBT die.
More specifically, the ratio between peak and average junction temperature at 3 Hz can be approximated as: ##EQU1##
where R.sub.th75ms is the transient thermal resistance for a 75 ms current pulse and R.sub.thDC is the DC thermal resistance of the IGBT. T.sub.JPK is the peak junction temperature and T.sub.JAV is the average junction temperature. For IGBT devices presently made by the International Rectifier Corporation of El Segundo, Calif., R.sub.th75ms /R.sub.thDC is about 0.8, which gives T.sub.JPK /T.sub.JAV =2.8. It would be desirable to reduce the transient thermal resistance since that would allow the use of a smaller die for a given motor controller application.


A rotary mechanism includes a base (10), a cover (30), a torsion spring (40) and a locking module (60). The cover is rotatably mounted to the base. Two ends of the torsion spring are fixed with the base and the cover respectively. The locking module limits the cover rotation relative to the base. When the cover overcomes the limitation of the locking module, the cover is automatically rotated relative to the base by the torsion spring.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to rotary cover mechanisms and, particularly, to rotary cover mechanisms for portable electronic devices, such as mobile phones and portable computers.
2. Description of Related Art
With the development of wireless communication and information processing technologies, portable mobile terminals, such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs), are now in widespread use.
Typical portable electronic devices such as mobile phones mainly include bar mobile phones, foldable mobile phones, slidable mobile phones, and rotatable mobile phones. Rotatable mobile phones have a newer structure which allows the mobile phone to be compact with a modern, novel design.
A traditional rotating mechanism for a mobile phone includes a cover having a display and a body having a keypad. When a user holds this type of mobile phone with one hand, the cover is rotated 180 degrees relative to the body to expose the keypad. When the mobile phone is closed, the cover covers the body, and the keypad is hidden. However, when opening or closing the phone, the mobile phone needs a continued external force to rotate the cover relative to the body. This can make one-handed operation very difficult.
Therefore, there is a room for improvement within the art.

Rotary cover mechanism for portable electronic devices

Shenzhen Futaihong Precision Industry Co., Ltd.


A method for determining whether to recommend a social relationship between a social network member and another party is disclosed. Electronic communication activity of the social network member and the other party is monitored. Based on a number of characteristics of the communication, a determination is made as to whether to recommend the party to the member as a social network friend. The characteristics can include how the parties communicate—whether through email, instant messaging and/or voice communication, whether the parties send direct email messages to each other, whether they communicate as part of a group email message, the location of each parties address in the email message and whether communication includes sharing activity.

Electronic social networking communication is a popular way for individuals to communicate with one another. Social networking web sites allow users to connect for various personal, professional and common interests. Electronic social networking systems are dependent upon users connecting to and identifying other individuals within the social network as "friends," those individual with whom they are willing to share greater access to personal information than non-friends.
Most social networking systems include some mechanism for allowing users to find "friends" within the social network. One example of such a friend finding mechanism is an e-mail search query, inviting users to upload addresses, search for names, or access address books run by popular e-mail services, after which the system attempts to match the user addresses with other network members. If addressees in the users contact list are not members of the network, an opportunity to invite the addressee is provided. Other algorithms identify "friends of friends," or network members which are connected one's own friends within the social network. The more friends one has within the social network, the more powerful the social network becomes.

Leveraging communications to identify social network friends


A multiple implement equipment boom which allows a plurality of working implements of different configurations to be used with a single vehicle is disclosed. The multiple implement equipment boom has a boom body with at least one telescoping shaft with a hollow outer beam and an inner beam slidably fit within the outer beam, and a connecting link with a receiving box that slidably fits over one end of the inner beam and a locking mechanism to secure the receiving box to the inner beam. The working implements can be exchanged by hand without tools and without removing the boom from the vehicle.

In certain fields, such as construction or agriculture, it is useful to be able to attach implements to vehicles such as trucks or tractors. As vehicles, implements, and their uses have evolved, operators have found that it is advantageous to be able to move the working implements relative to the vehicle both vertically and horizontally. It has also been found to be useful with certain implements to be able to use them on either the left or right side of a vehicle, or the front or rear of the vehicle. The placement of the implement can be a matter of absolute necessity for use, but can also be the personal preference of the operator. Being able to place an implement where the operator feels most comfortable enhances operational safety.
Since the same working implement is not always needed, and to prevent the requirement that there be one vehicle for each working implement, there have been attempts to allow different types of working implements to be used interchangeably on the same vehicle. Existing mechanisms that attach working implements to vehicles and that move the implements relative to the vehicles typically are attached permanently to those implements. Even if the implement Is not permanently attached to the mechanism, most existing designs require that the mechanism be removed from the vehicle in order to attach a different working implement.
Additionally, existing mechanisms for attaching and moving working implements usually are mechanically complex and subject to frequent breakdowns. The existing mechanisms often require unique connections to attach to a vehicle. Frequently, existing mechanisms also are relatively heavy, requiring any vehicle to which they are attached to have a substantial load-carrying capacity. The weight of existing mechanisms also makes their removal and attachment more difficult.
As illustrated by the above discussion, there are a number of desirable features for a multiple implement equipment boom. It would be desirable to have an equipment boom with which a variety of working implements could be used interchangeably. Also, it would be advantageous to have an equipment boom which allows working implements to be quickly and easily changed while the equipment boom is attached to a vehicle being used to do work. Further, it would be desirable to have an equipment boom that is mechanically simple and relatively lightweight. In addition, it would be desirable to have an equipment boom that is adjustable relative to a vehicle to which it is attached, both vertically and horizontally. It also would be desirable to have an equipment boom which allows implements to be used on the right or left side of a vehicle to which the equipment boom is attached. Similarly, it would be desirable to have an equipment boom which allows implements to be used on the front or the rear of a vehicle to which the equipment boom is attached. Additionally, it would be desirable to have an equipment boom that is attachable to a vehicle using an existing attachment mechanism.
While the discussion herein relates to a multiple implement equipment boom, it is not intended that the invention be limited to this situation. It is obvious from the description that follows that the present invention would be useful in other applications with problems common to those described herein.


A liquid ejecting head unit includes: a fixing plate provided with a plurality of openings; a plurality of heads, each of which is provided for each of the openings; and a channel holder that is provided with a plurality of channels and that accommodates the plurality of heads in cooperation with the fixing plate. Each of heads has a nozzle plate provided with a nozzle row having a plurality of nozzles. The head is fixed to a first surface of the fixing plate. An ejection surface is defined by a second surface of the fixing plate and the nozzle plate. The fixing plate has a plurality of sets, each of which has the plurality of openings. Only a part of the openings constituting each of the sets are disposed to be overlapped in a second direction, and the openings are disposed not to be overlapped in a first direction.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a liquid ejecting head unit, a liquid ejecting head module on which the liquid ejecting head unit is mounted, a liquid ejecting apparatus on which the liquid ejecting head unit or the liquid ejecting head module is mounted, and a method of manufacturing the liquid ejecting head unit.
2. Related Art
An ink jet-type recording apparatus such an ink jet-type printer or a plotter includes an ink jet-type recording head unit having an ink jet-type recording head that can eject, as an ink droplet, ink stored in a liquid storage unit such as an ink cartridge or an ink tank.
As an example of the ink jet-type recording head unit, there has been proposed an ink jet-type recording head unit that includes an ink jet-type recording head that ejects ink, a channel member that supplies ink to the ink jet-type recording head, and a fixing plate to which the ink jet-type recording heads are fixed in a state of being arranged in parallel in one direction and being aligned at a position (for example, see JP-A-2005-096419).
In addition, there has also been proposed an ink jet-type recording head unit group including a plurality of such ink jet-type recording head units (for example, see JP-A-2009-107189). In such an ink jet-type recording head unit group, the ink jet-type recording head units are arranged in parallel in one direction and are attached to a common channel member. Thus, in each of the ink jet-type recording head units, a plurality of ink jet-type recording heads are fixed to a common fixing plate in a state of being arranged in parallel in one direction and being aligned at a position.
In such an ink jet-type recording head unit and a head unit group, a plurality of ink jet-type recording heads are fixed to a common fixing plate, thereby making it possible to achieve multiple rows of nozzles and elongation of the nozzle row (for example, see JP-A-2011-131484 and JP-A-2012-111097). Further, it is possible to improve accuracy of position alignment between the ink jet-type recording heads.
However, in the ink jet-type recording head unit according to JP-A-2005-096419, it is possible to have, in one direction (direction in which the heads are arranged in parallel), a wide region in which the ink jet-type recording heads are disposed; however, it is not possible to have a wide region in the other direction (direction intersecting with the one direction). In other words, it is not possible to dispose the plurality of ink jet-type recording heads in the other direction and thus, it is not possible to achieve elongation of the nozzle row in an outward appearance.
In addition, each of the ink jet-type recording heads includes a cover head that protects a nozzle plate which becomes an ejection surface of ink. Since the ink jet-type recording head is fixed to the fixing plate through the cover head, a so-called paper gap between the ejection surface and a medium is likely to be widened by the amount of a thickness of the cover head.
In addition, in the ink jet-type recording head unit group according to JP-A-2009-107189, the ink jet-type recording head units need to be disposed at a certain distance from each other so as to be attached to the common channel member. In addition, in each of the ink jet-type recording head units, the ink jet-type recording heads are fixed to the fixing plate. Therefore, the ink jet-type recording head is not disposed in a region between the ink jet-type recording head units, which is not effectively used, and thus, the ink jet-type recording head unit group is not sufficiently decreased in size in one direction.
In addition, in the ink jet-type recording head unit according to JP-A-2011-131484, a discharge surface, which is formed of a front surface of the fixing plate and a front surface of a nozzle plate, is wiped by a wiping unit such as a wiper for removing attached ink, paper powder, or the like; however, a problem arises in that the wiping unit comes into contact with an edge of the fixing plate and then is scratched, worn away, and damaged, and thereby the service life of the wiper is likely to be shortened. Examples of the wiping unit include various materials such as a blade formed of an elastic material such as rubber, cloth, or a porous material such as a sponge; here, the wiping unit formed of the elastic material is scratched or worn away by the edge of the fixing plate, and the wiping unit formed of the cloth, the porous material, or the like, is likely to be caught on the edge of the fixing plate and be damaged.
In addition, it is conceivable to employ a method in which the entire circumference of the fixing plate is subjected to drawing so as to form a side surface section along the entire circumference, thereby rounding the edge that comes into contact with the wiping unit of the fixing plate so as to reduce occurrence of scratches, wearing away, and damage to the wiping unit; however, problems arise in that flatness of a surface of the fixing plate, to which a liquid ejecting head is fixed, is lowered due to the drawing of the fixing plate, accuracy of positions or angles of the liquid ejecting heads fixed to the common fixing plate is lowered, and accuracy of a landing position of ink is lowered, thereby lowering print quality.
In addition, in the ink jet-type recording head unit according to JP-A-2012-111097, the ink jet-type recording head and a frame body are fixed to each other with a gap formed therebetween. This is because there is a need to have a clearance for positioning the ink jet-type recording head with respect to the frame body such that the ink jet-type recording head is detachably fixed to the frame body.
Lint from a medium, or the like, may be attached and concentrated between the frame body and the ink jet-type recording head of the ink jet-type recording head unit, and mist generated when ink is ejected, or ink when wiping of a nozzle surface is performed, is attached to the concentrated lint, thereby causing the ink to remain. Hence, a problem arises in that the remaining ink falls on a medium at an unexpected timing and contaminates the medium.
Therefore, the gap between the frame body and the ink jet-type recording head is cleaned with a fiber member such as a cotton swab or cloth, thereby removing the lint and the ink attached on the lint. However, a problem arises in that there is a concern that the fiber member will be caught on an end portion of the fixing plate, and the fixing plate will be broken, for example, deformed or peeled off.
Then, the broken ink jet-type recording head is replaced, which results in a cost increase and increased downtime when printing is not performed until replacement. In addition, when the ink jet-type recording head is replaced, the color is likely to be changed from that on a printed material produced before the replacement, and thus a problem arises in that it is difficult to perform the replacement with the ink jet-type recording head which produces the same color.
Such problems do not arise only in a head unit that ejects ink, but also arise in a head unit that ejects other liquids.

Liquid ejecting head unit, liquid ejecting head module, liquid ejecting apparatus, and method of manufacturing liquid ejecting head unit


A childproof lighter has a housing adapted to hold a supply of combustible fuel, a valve in the housing between the nozzle and the supply and actuatable to emit the fuel, and an igniter on the housing adjacent the valve. An actuating element is depressible longitudinally downward between an upper position and a lower position and is coupled to the valve and igniter for actuating same when depressed into the lower position. This actuating element is formed with a longitudinally downwardly projecting skirt itself formed with a longitudinally projecting and laterally elastically deflectable tongue in turn formed with a laterally projecting catch formation forming a longitudinally downwardly directed stop surface displaceable on elastic deformation of the tongue between an outer position and an inner position. The housing is formed with a longitudinally upwardly directed stop surface longitudinally aligned with the finger stop surface in the outer position of the finger and upper position of the element and out of longitudinal alignment with the finger stop surface in the inner position of the finger. Interengaging holding formations on the tongue and on the housing releasably retain the tongue in the inner position when the tongue is moved downward out of the upper position and the tongue is sufficiently elastic to resume its outer position when moved from the lower position into the upper position and when the holding formations are out of engagement with each other.

In order to prevent a child from having an accident with a cigarette lighter (which term is intended to cover such a device which can be used to light anything) it is standard to provide a latch arrangement that makes it difficult for anyone who does not know not to use the lighter to get a flame out of it. Typically a neutralizing mechanism is employed which must be moved from a blocking to a freeing position in order to be able to operate the standard operating lever or element.
This type of lighter is known in particular from German utility model 8,802,582.9 and from U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,786,248 and 4,799,877. In all these lighters a neutralizing means is not set up so as to be automatically returned to the actuatable neutralizing position after actuation of the igniting mechanism.
In commonly owned patent application Ser. No. 07/651,332 filed Feb. 7, 1991 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,090,895) by Marcel Floriot a lighter is described having on its housing, in which is provided a reservoir containing the gas in liquid form, a head comprising, in addition to the burner valve connected with the reservoir via a pressure reducer, an igniting mechanism comprising control means for opening the burner valve and means for making sparks. Associated with the igniting mechanism is means for neutralizing this mechanism displaceable between an active neutralizing position for the igniting mechanism and a retracted position, these neutralizing means being displaceable manually by the user from their active position to the retracted position. The neutralizing means of the igniting mechanism is normally maintained in the neutralizing position and is in addition set up so as to be automatically returned to the neutralizing position after actuation of the igniting mechanism. Other such lighters are described in WO-A-90/12,254 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 813,357 filed Dec. 24, 1991 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,165,886) and French patent application 2,295,359 filed Dec. 15, 1975.
The main disadvantage of these system is that they all add perceptibly to the manufacturing cost of the lighter. At least one additional element must be added to the lighter and frequently the overall construction must be made considerably more complex. The result is obviously an increase in manufacturing costs that cannot be borne readily in a mass-production throwaway item.


An apparatus (10) is disclosed for simultaneously forming two dough sheets from a single cooker extruder (12), with the dough sheets each being formed by a plurality of dough ropes which are guided by guide posts (44) at equally spaced intervals on a conveyor (16) for passing between the pressing rollers (42) of a sheeting device (18). Specifically, the die (24) attached to the die head (20) of the cooker extruder (12) includes a roof-shaped extension formed by first and second die plates (26) interconnected by their front edges at an obtuse angle. Top and bottom pates (28) are interconnected to the top and bottom edges of the die plates (26). The back edges of the die plates (26) and of the top and bottom plates (28) are interconnected to an annular connection plate (30) which is attached to the die head (20) by bolts (34) passing through counterbored bores (32) in the connection plate (30) and threaded into the die head (20). The die plates (26) have a constant and equal thickness and each include four extrusion apertures (36) extending generally perpendicularly therethrough and arranged in the corners of a square configuration generally parallel to and spaced from the edges of the die plates (26).

The present invention generally relates to apparatus and methods for forming first and second, continuous, independent, extrudates, and particularly to apparatus and methods for simultaneously forming two dough sheets from a single cooker extruder for the preparation of a snack product by conventional deep fat frying.
One type of snack product which has gained wide market acceptance is the "puffed" snack product. In certain methods of preparation, a cooked farinaceous dough is formed into a single continuous dough sheet. This dough sheet is then run through a piece forming apparatus which includes an opposed pair of rollers at least one of which has depressions which stamp out the desired shape and size pieces from the dough sheet. After formation of the dough pieces, the pieces are dried under controlled conditions from a moisture content of about 18% down to a moisture content of between 10% and 15% to form a half product or pellet. The moisture content of the half product is sufficiently low to exhibit extended shelf stability. The snack product is prepared from the half product by conventional deep fat frying. The frying of the half product generates steam volumes inside of the half product to puff the half product resulting in a light, puffed snack product having surface corrugations.
The sale of snack food products is a highly competitive business. The novelty of snack food products decline rapidly, as new and different types of snack foods are introduced to maintain or increase market share. Puffed snack products can be varied in various ways such as by changing the shapes, sizes, and surface corrugations of the pieces or by changing the composition of the dough from which the half products are prepared. Another variation is to have the puffed snack product of a hollow structure, with the hollow configuration resulting from the fabrication of the half products from a two-layer laminated dough sheet. One method of forming a laminated dough sheet is to fold a single continuous dough sheet into a two-plied dough sheet as set forth in U.S. application No. 699,039 filed May 13, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,092,757.
The continuous dough sheet is often formed by passing a plurality (such as 4) of spaced ropes of dough between sheet pressing rollers. The spaced ropes of dough are extruded from a cooker extruder onto a conveyor which delivers the ropes of dough to the sheet pressing rollers. Generally, the dough ropes are formed by forcing the dough through a die plate including extrusion apertures. The formation of the dough sheet from a plurality of spaced ropes rather than passing a single amount of dough between the sheet pressing rollers forms a more uniform sheet resulting in more uniform half product pieces and more uniform puffed snack pieces. Additionally, the formation of the dough sheet from a plurality of spaced ropes rather than passing a single amount of dough between the sheet pressing rollers better dissipates heat along the sheet pressing rollers. However, the formation of such a dough sheet continuously from a plurality of dough ropes presents many problems. In particular, it should be appreciated that the ropes of dough have to be generally uniformly spaced on the conveyor and into the sheet pressing rollers. Further, a common problem is that the dough ropes will break causing the ropes of dough to fall on the floor and/or become entangled with each other. Further, the cooker extruder is a relatively expensive piece of equipment which has the capacity to supply ropes of dough for more than one sheet and in fact the consistency of the dough produced by the cooker extruder may in fact increase with the production of dough for more than one sheet from the same cooker extruder. However, it can be appreciated that additional problems arise from attempting to simultaneously extrude dough ropes for two dough sheets. Particularly, in addition to preventing consistent production for one sheet, breakage of one or more dough ropes for one of the sheets may detrimentally effect the consistent production of the other sheet, for example, the ropes of dough for one sheet becoming entangled in the ropes of dough for the other sheet. Further, factors such as unequal pressure drop through the respective die channels, the length of the channels, and the like affect the uniformity and consistency of the dough ropes which in turn affect the uniformity and consistency of the dough sheet, the half products, and the puffed snack products.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide novel apparatus and methods for the simultaneous formation of two continuous dough sheets from a single cooker extruder.
Another object of the present invention is to provide such novel apparatus and methods where the ropes of dough extruded from the cooker extruder are directed at a non-parallel angle to reduce operational failure of the formation of one sheet from detrimentally affecting the formation of the other sheet.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide such novel apparatus and methods where the ropes of dough are uniformally and consistently extruded.

Apparatus and methods for forming extrudates


A boot for motorcyclists with means for removing the air from the inside is described.. A boot is described for motorcyclists equipped with means for removing air from the inside thereof, comprising one shoe section made of a flexible synthetic material, one leg section made of a stiff synthetic material, the leg section having a vertical lateral slit-shaped overlapping opening, provided with hook-like closing and tensioning elements, and a small inner shoe characterized in that a first circuit for a moving air stream is formed provided with at least one air inlet opening and with at least one discharge opening for moving air, a second circuit for conducted air abutting at one end an air tap and terminating at the other end into the first circuit, said second circuit comprising a portion of the inner chamber of the small shoe, means for hermetically sealing the small shoe with the leg section, and means for discharging water from the boot.

The present invention refers to a boot for motorcyclism, in particular for use in motorcross or the like, equipped with means for the removal of air from the inside thereof.
It is already known in the art that, for motorcyclism, and particularly motorcross, boots are usually employed having legs cover, more or less, the lower part of the wearer's leg, below the knee. The boots are put on tightly, and are provided with adjustable closing buckles or hooks, for the purpose of a good adhesion to the wearer's leg, so as to facilitate and safely protect the motorcyclist during the drives to be executed on the motorcycle.
Furthermore, recently boots made of synthetic material have become known, at the inside of which a small shoe is inserted, similar to that used in ski-boots, such a shoe being made of a spongy material, that is of a lining material, incorporating in the front side thereof a vertical insertion in the form of a strip with ribs defining channels and with a pierced top, the said small shoe presenting, at the upper part thereof and in the part which forms the area of the ankle of the foot, a sector pierced with holes on the outside of the small shoe, which correspond with the ends of the vertical insertion. Furthermore the boot presents a number of openings in its upper front part which correspond to the openings of the insertion, wherefore, when the vehicle moves, air enters through the openings to be conveyed through the insertion to the front part of the foot.
According to this proposal, the inflowing air ought to displace the stagnating air within the boot, to create, in such a way, a continual and permanent cycle of ventilation.
However, with the proposed solution, in practice the air which enters initially into the boot stagnates therein, preventing the entrance of further air, since the small shoe adherently surrounds the leg of the wearer, at least the upper part thereof and as a consequence the air contained in the boot has no appreciable ability to be evacuated.
As initially mentioned, the said shoes are put on adherently, that is tightly, resulting in the practice being compromised, and the air contained at the inside of the small shoe is not evacuated.

Boot for motorcyclists provided with means for removing air from the inside


Breathable materials comprise a fabric layer and a polymer film layer thereon, the polymer film layer comprising a polymer composition and a filler, wherein the breathable material has undergone a physical manipulation to render the polymer film layer microporous such that the WVTR of the breathable material is greater than about 50 g/m2·24 hr, and wherein the breathable material has a first length dimension and a first width dimension before said physical manipulation and a second length dimension and a second width dimension after said physical manipulation, wherein the second length dimension is no more than about 2% greater than the first length dimension and the second width dimension is no more than about 2% greater than the first width dimension. Methods of making a breathable material comprise forming a polymer film layer comprising a polymer composition and a filler; bonding the polymer film layer to a fabric layer to form a laminate; and applying a physical manipulation to the laminate to render the polymer film layer microporous such that the WVTR of the resulting breathable material is greater than about 50 g/m2·24 hr; wherein the breathable material has a first length dimension and a first width dimension before said physical manipulation and a second length dimension and a second width dimension after said physical manipulation, wherein the second length dimension is no more than about 2% greater than the first length dimension and the second width dimension is no more than about 2% greater than the first width dimension.

The building and construction industry uses fabrics, polymer films, and other such web-like materials extensively to cushion, insulate, seal, and/or protect various components of a building as it is being constructed. Examples of these web-like materials include housewrap, lumber wrap, roof underlayment, flashing, etc. These materials should be tough and strong to withstand the rigors of the building process. These materials often need to be water repellant, to protect the interior of the building from moisture damage; however, it is also desirable that the materials are breathable in order to allow water vapor generated in the building (e.g. steam, expiration, evaporating water) to escape rather than retained inside the building and causing moisture damage and other associated problems. These building materials may also play a role in insulating the building. Finally, of course, it is desirable to have the materials available at a reasonable cost.
For instance, housewrap materials are used to protect a building from water and wind damage during construction, especially in cold climates. Housewrap materials are typically attached or secured to the outer surface of framing or sheathing in the walls of buildings. Housewrap materials must be permeable to water vapor to allow water vapor to escape from the wall to which the film is secured to prevent water damage or the like. On the other hand, the housewrap materials should be sufficiently impermeable to air and liquids to insulate the wall against wind and rain or other precipitation. Further, housewrap materials should have adequate tensile and physical properties such as break strength, elongation, tear strength, shrinkage and puncture strength to avoid damage during installation and to facilitate durability.
To provide housewrap materials and other breathable materials suitable for construction and similar heavy duty use with sufficient strength and toughness, it is often desirable to use strong and/or tough nonwoven and/or woven fabrics.
The Sheth U.S. Pat. No. 4,929,303 discloses composite breathable housewrap materials which comprise a breathable film formed of linear low density polyethylene and a nonwoven fabric formed of cross-laminated fibers. The breathable film is formed by cast extruding a precursor film onto a roller, stretching the precursor film to impart permeability, heating the nonwoven fabric, and pressing the heated fabric to the film to bond the fabric and the breathable film. Owing to these successive processing steps, the manufacture of the disclosed housewrap materials can be somewhat cumbersome and expensive.
Patent Application Publication US 2004/0016502 A1 discloses breathable materials which comprise a low-elongation fabric layer coated with a microporous coating comprising a crystalline polymer composition and a filler. This application also discloses methods for extrusion coating the low-elongation fabric with the microporous-formable polymer coating, then incrementally stretching the coated fabric in order to render the polymer coating microporous. This invention has the advantage of being manufactured in a single-pass process. However, the invention requires the capital expense of machinery for an incremental stretching station or stations, and the ongoing operating expenses associated with running such incremental stretching equipment.
Accordingly, a need exists for improved breathable materials, including those which may employ relatively strong or tough woven or nonwoven fabrics, and for methods for facilitating the manufacture of such materials.

Microporous breathable building and construction materials comprising coated woven and/or nonwoven fabrics, and method


A method of installing a compressible insert in an exterior surface of a body is disclosed. There is also disclosed a laminar flow control arrangement that may be produced by such method.

It is well known that a body moving through a fluid experiences skin friction, or drag forces, which arise within the so-called boundary layer, adjacent the outer surface of the body. Flow within this layer may be either laminar or turbulent, the skin friction resulting from the former being less than that from the latter. To increase the area of the body over which the flow is laminar, it is advantageous to remove some of the boundary layer from the surface by suction, that is by drawing some of the fluid into the body through the surface.
Several approaches have been taken to accomplish this goal. One suggestion has been to provide a continuous, porous surface over a large area of the body. Problems arise since, in general, the porous materials utilized are not able to adequately withstand the stresses applied. Also, with a large area of porous material exposed to the environment, flow impedence or clogging frequently result.
It has also been suggested that a plurality of spanwise slits over an open vacuum slot be provided. However, these have proved difficult and costly to produce due to manufacturing complexities including, for example, the close tolerances required. Since these slits have usually been cut on the complex contours of, for example, an airfoil, skilled craftsmen and special tools have been necessary. In an effort to avoid this problem, it has been further suggested that prefabricated strips, containing suction slits, be used. This approach again requires special tools to produce a carefully machined ledge in the suction slot to hold the prefabricated strip, since the surface containing the slot is frequently a complex contour. Even where the body contour is relatively simple, close machining tolerances have been necessary due to surface smoothness requirements after the strip is installed.
The industry has long sought an inexpensive method of providing boundary layer suction that does not require complex machining equipment.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages set forth above and to provide a simple and inexpensive method and apparatus for obtaining the desired surface smoothness in a body.
More particularly, it is an object of this invention to provide a simple and inexpensive method of installing a laminar flow control suction insert to a body.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a simple and inexpensive method of attaching insert strips to a body.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a method of installing a laminar flow control suction slit system in the surface of an airfoil, which method requires neither close machining tolerances nor complex installation procedures.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a method of attaching inserts to airfoils, which method requires neither extremely skilled personnel nor complex and expensive tools.
It is another object of the invention to provide an insert strip, for use in a laminar flow control-type body, that may be easily and inexpensively removed and replaced when necessary.

Method and apparatus for laminar flow control


A method, includes, with an illumination system, directing a first charged particle beam along a particle-optical axis to a specimen position, with an imaging system, receiving a second charged particle beam from the specimen position and directing the second charged particle beam to a detector, recording a first output of the detector, varying an excitation of an optical element of the imaging system with a controller so as to rotate the second charged particle beam at the detector through a yaw angle about the particle-optical axis, and recording a second output of the detector at the yaw angle.

Charged-particle microscopy is an increasingly important technique for imaging microscopic objects, particularly in the form of electron microscopy. Historically, the basic genus of electron microscope has undergone evolution into a number of apparatus species, such as the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM), and also into various sub-species, such as so-called "dual-beam" apparatus (e.g., a FIB-SEM), which additionally employ a "machining" Focused Ion Beam (FIB), allowing supportive activities such as ion-beam milling or Ion-Beam-Induced Deposition (IBID), for example. However, a need remains for improvements charged-particle microscopes and related devices.

Transmission charged particle microscope with imaging beam rotation


The device disclosed is for measuring a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in a human body exposed to electromagnetic fields radiating from an antenna, and is constituted by a phantom (a model of the human body) and a probe structure. The phantom has equivalent electric constant of permittivity and permeability as those of a human body. The probe structure has a combination of first and second loop probes orthogonal to each other, and is arranged such that the second loop probe receives only a magnetic field that has been reflected from a surface of the phantom. Thus, the magnetic field radiating from the antenna and the magnetic field reflected from a surface of the phantom are distinguished from each other. The reflected magnetic field is corrected and the SAR can be accurately measured.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a device and method for measuring a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in human bodies exposed to electromagnetic waves from antennas of portable telephones, radio frequency equipment, etc. positioned in the vicinity of human bodies.
(2) Description of the Related Art
One of the basic standard guidelines for protecting human bodies from electromagnetic waves is known as the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). This represents a value of energy absorption per unit mass when a human body is exposed to electromagnetic waves, and the tolerable value is indicated in, for example, "Guidelines for protection of Humans in Utilization of Electromagnetic Waves" proposed by "Electro-Communication Technology Study Council" of Japanese Ministry of posts and Telecommunications.
Conventionally, there has been a study wherein, by using a phantom (biological body model) having the permittivity and the permeability equivalent to those of biological bodies such as human bodies, the SAR has been measured from the incident magnetic fields on the phantom. This has been proposed by N. Kuster and Q. Balzano under the title "Energy Absorption Mechanism by Biological Bodies in the Near Field of Dipole Antennas Above 300 MHz" in IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 41, No. 1, 1992, pp 17-23.
In the conventional SAR measuring system which is adopted in the above proposal and which is illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B attached hereto, the electromagnetic waves from half-wave dipole antenna 4 are incident perpendicularly on the phantom 5. The distance between the antenna 4 and the phantom 5 is represented by d. Where the real part of the permittivity of the phantom is represented by .epsilon., the conductivity by .sigma., the mass density by .rho., and the incident magnetic field on the front surface of phantom by Hs, the SAR may be expressed by the following equation: ##EQU1## wherein .omega. represents an angular frequency, .GAMMA. represents a reflection coefficient, .alpha. represents a correction coefficient, and .mu..sub.o =4.pi..times.10.sup.-7.
The incident magnetic fields are proportional to the antenna currents so that the SAR can be expressed also by the antenna currents. In the half-wave dipole antenna, the SAR maximum value of the phantom is at a portion corresponding to the location of the driving point so that, where the antenna current at the driving point is assumed to be I, the incident magnetic fields may be expressed by the following equation: EQU Hs=I/(2.pi.d) (2)
The current I is calculated from the magnetic fields 8 radiating from the antenna 4 by using a magnetic field receiving loop probe 7. The probe 7 is placed in such a way that the loop surface becomes perpendicular with respect to the X-axis at a location away by a distance t from the driving point of the probe. At this location, the radiating magnetic fields 8 have only X-direction components.
Normally, the characteristic impedance of the human body is of a lower impedance than 120.pi. which is the characteristic impedance in air. Thus, the electromagnetic waves radiating from the antenna reflect at the front surface of the phantom. FIG. 3 shows incident waves and reflected waves when the electromagnetic fields are incident on the phantom 5 at an incident angle of .theta. and the magnetic fields radiating from the antenna 4. The magnetic fields and the electric fields of the incident waves are represented by Hin and Ein, respectively, the reflected waves are represented by Hr and Er, and the radiating magnetic fields from the antenna are represented by Hi. The X-axis direction component Hr(X) and the Y-axis direction component Hr(Y) of the reflected magnetic fields at the location where the probe is placed may be expressed by the following equations, respectively: EQU Hr(X)=Hr.sup..multidot. sin .theta. (3) EQU Hr(Y)=Hr.sup..multidot. cos.theta. (4)
Therefore, the magnetic fields Hp of the X-axis direction which the probe receives may be expressed by the following equation: EQU Hp=Hi-Hr(X) (5)
Where the phantom is located remotely, the reflected magnetic fields attenuate with distance, resulting in a small effect on the phantom. However, where the phantom is located in the vicinity of the antenna, the effect from the reflected waves can no longer be ignored.
When the distance d between the antenna and the phantom is varied, the relation between the reflected magnetic fields Hr(X) in the X-direction and the radiating magnetic fields Hi will be as shown in FIG. 4. When the distance d becomes smaller than 3 cm, the reflected magnetic fields increase to more than 25%. Thus, the problem in the probe arrangement as above is that the probe receiving the magnetic fields for the calculation of the antenna currents results in being measured smaller than the actual value, which leads to a large SAR error.

Device and method for measuring specific absorption rate of electromagnetic waves in models of human bodies


Disclosed is method of making a polyimidesiloxane extended block copolymer containing at least one polyimide block made by reacting a dianhydride with a diamine that does not contain a siloxane group, and at least one polyimidesiloxane block made by reacting a dianhydride with a diamine that contains at least one siloxane group, where each polyimidesiloxane block is prepared using more than one mole of the dianhydride for each mole of the siloxane-containing diamine. That is, any siloxane-imide blocks in the polyimidesiloxane are formed from amic acid blocks terminated in anhydride groups and any imide blocks in the polyimidesiloxane are formed from amic acid blocks terminated in amine groups. The polyimidesiloxane block copolymers have higher glass transition temperatures than the corresponding non-extended block copolymers while retaining the same solubility.

This invention relates to polyimidesiloxane extended block copolymers and methods of preparing them. In particular, it relates to such extended block copolymers wherein the siloxane-anhydride containing block is prepared using a controlled excess of dianhydride.
Polyimidesiloxanes are polymers made by reacting a dianhydride with a diamine, where either a mixture of siloxane-containing dianhydride and non-siloxane containing dianhydride, or a mixture of siloxane-containing diamine and non-siloxane containing diamine, is used. Polyimidesiloxanes are used in a variety of different applications, but are particularly useful as coatings and adhesives in the microelectronics industry Two properties of polyimidesiloxanes that are particularly important are glass transition temperature, T.sub.g, and solubility. A high T.sub.g means that the polymer will not lose its physical or mechanical properties readily at higher temperatures. Good solubility is required in order to form a solution of the polymer so that coatings can be formed from it.
It is a general.rule in polymer chemistry that block copolymers have a higher T.sub.g than do the corresponding random copolymers. However, normally increasing the block size will decrease the solubility. A polyimidesiloxane block copolymer is a polyimidesiloxane having two or more T.sub.g 's. A polyimidesiloxane can display two T.sub.g 's whenever the siloxane-containing diamine or dianhydride is large, even though the siloxane-containing monomer is randomly dispersed throughout the polymer.

Polyimidesiloxane extended block copolymers


Method and apparatus for signal detection in dynamic channels with high carrier frequency offset are provided. A coherent detector and a non-coherent detector are operated in parallel on a block of samples of an input signal to determine respective time offset candidates of the input signal. The time offset candidate obtained from the non-coherent detector is used to determine a frequency offset candidate of the input signal.

Communication receivers are initiated by synchronizing to a transmitted, often known, synchronization signal. Synchronization is performed by signal detectors, also referred to as searchers, that attempt to detect then synchronize to the transmitted signal. Detectors attempt to resolve at least two ambiguities or unknowns at initiation: the timing of the transmitted signal and the frequency of the transmitted signal, both with respect to the receiver's timing and frequency.
The present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Generally, the drawing in which an element first appears is typically indicated by the leftmost digit(s) in the corresponding reference number.

Detection in dynamic channels with high carrier frequency offset


A system and method for handling queries where the queries and the answers to those queries are transmitted by means of a network which may have significantly variable latencies. The system and method involve copying the queries and calculating a response to each copy of the query and sending each response over the network. The first-received response can then be acted upon. The query may be divided up into sub-queries which are then replicated and sent for determination.

Increasingly, computing resources are becoming more networked. Resources such as processors and memory stores were previously provided in a single hardware installation, such as the personal computer ("PC"). Traditionally, computing networks were used to link such hardware instantiations together.
Over time, computing networks have evolved so that disparate parts of the computing device may be connected by what was traditionally considered as a network. For example, it is no longer necessary for the processor and nonvolatile memory to be connected via a computing bus. In the modern computing environment, the capacity and speed of networks has increased to the point where transport and switching speeds previously only attainable at the relatively small scale of a computing bus can now be achieved over much larger distances using a network.
One of the commercial consequences of this has been the advent of "cloud computing". The central tenant of "cloud computing" is that computing resources can be accessed via a network and that the consumer is able to pay for the quantity of computing resources they require, as needed. The primary advantage to the consumer is that they do not need to pay for resources which they are not using.
However, by taking advantage of economies of scale, the providers of these cloud computing resources ("cloud") may be required to deploy different resources at disparate locations. Therefore, it can be difficult to guarantee or predict the precise characteristics of the resources which are provided under all circumstances.

System and method for configuring networks


The present invention is directed to a passivating material suitable for passivating a metal surface. The passivating material comprises a polymer which comprises (a) at least one nitro group, and/or pyridine group, and/or phenolic hydroxyl group; and (b) at least one group selected from a phosphorous-containing group and/or a carboxylic acid group, wherein the at least one phosphorous-containing group is selected from a phosphate, a phosphite, or a non-nitrogen substituted phosphonate.

The use of metallic flake pigments, such as aluminum flake pigments, in decorative coatings to give the coating a metallic effect is widespread. The metallic effect is particularly popular with customers in the automotive market where "glamour finishes" are desired.
Automotive coatings can utilize a single, uniformly pigmented layer. Alternatively, they can have two distinct layers, i.e., a first, highly pigmented layer (basecoat) and a subsequently applied coating layer with little or no pigmentation (clearcoat). The two-layer coating is known in the industry as "basecoat/clearcoat". Basecoat/clearcoat coatings impart a high level of gloss and depth of color that can result in a particularly appealing look. Metallic flake pigments typically are incorporated into the basecoat composition.
Waterborne automotive paints are gaining widespread usage in the automotive industry due to concerns over organic solvent emissions during coating application and curing processes. However, waterborne paints have the disadvantage of using a medium that can be corrosive to metallic flake pigments. For example, hydrolysis of the metal pigments can occur in waterborne paints. Additionally, the pH of typical waterborne acrylic coating compositions can range from 8.0 to 9.0, and typical polyurethane coating compositions can have a pH typically ranging from 7.5 to 8.0. In a basic pH environment, the aluminum pigment can be oxidized. The oxidation is a form of corrosion that destroys the metallic pigmentation properties of the mirror-like particles. When a paint with oxidized metallic flake pigments is coated onto a substrate, the coating shows discoloration and diminished metallic effect.
Additionally, the hydrolysis or oxidation of the metallic surfaces in waterborne paints results in the evolution of hydrogen gas. The amount of hydrogen gas evolved is indicative of the amount of oxidation (i.e., corrosion) of the metallic pigment. The hydrogen gas can accumulate under pressure if the coating composition is stored in a closed container.
Hydrolysis of aluminum pigment in the presence of water can accelerate over time due to continuous contact with the basic pH environment of the coating composition. Coating compositions containing metal flake pigment are often stored for 6 months or more before application, which can result in significant corrosion of the pigment. If this corrosion remains unchecked the coating composition can be rendered unusable.
Considerable work has been done in the industry to treat or "passivate" metal pigment surfaces to prevent corrosion of the metal surface by water in waterborne coating compositions. For example, it is known to apply a chrome coating over aluminum pigment surfaces to prevent the corrosion and hydrogen generation described above. However, chrome can be toxic and, therefore, special handling and disposal procedures are required for such chrome coated metallic pigment particles.
Therefore, it would be advantageous to provide a coating composition that could be used to passivate metal pigments while reducing or eliminating altogether at least some of the problems associated with known passivation procedures.

Method of stabilizing metal pigments against gassing


Disclosed is a process for producing 1-hydroxy-4-aminoadamantane.

1-Hydroxy-4-aminoadamantane is a compound useful as a raw material for, or an intermediate for synthesizing a medicament and, for example, can be utilized as an intermediate for synthesizing a compound having 11 β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase inhibiting activity described in Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3.
Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 disclose a process for producing 1-hydroxy-4-aminoadamantane by reacting 2-aminoadamantane with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to perform hydroxylation. In the reaction, a ratio of produced diastereomers is advantageous for a syn isomer, and syn isomer:anti isomer is 3:1 to 1:1.
Table 1, Entry 6 in Non-Patent Document 3 discloses that 5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone and benzylamine are reacted in the presence of H2/5% Pt—C, and anti isomer:syn isomer is obtained at 1:1. In addition, Table 2, Entry 8 discloses that 5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone and benzylamine are reacted in the presence of H2/5% Rh—C and Al (iOPr)3, and anti isomer:syn isomer is obtained at 2.7:1. A production ratio of anti isomer/syn isomer in these two experimental examples was measured by 1H-NMR, and any compounds were not isolated.
Patent Document 1 discloses a process for producing an anti isomer of 1-hydroxy-4-aminoadamantane by reacting 5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone and L (−)-1-phenyl-ethylamine in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst (e.g. rhodium supported on carbon), purifying the resulting diastereomers by column chromatography, isolating an anti isomer, and subjecting the isomer to debenzylation.
Patent Document 2 discloses a process for producing an anti isomer by reacting 5-hydroxy-2-adamantanone and ammonia/methanol in the presence of sodium borohydride, amidating the resulting diastereomer mixture, and purifying the resulting amido isomer by column chromatography.
Patent Document 3 discloses a process for producing an anti isomer by subjecting a diastereomer mixture of 1-hydroxy-4-aminoadamantane, and carboxylic acid to amidation, and purifying the resulting amido isomer by column chromatography.
In the processes described in any document, it is necessary to purify the resulting diastereomer mixture by column chromatography, and industrial utilization was difficult.    [Non-Patent Document 1] Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii 1976, 12(11), 2369    [Non-Patent Document 2] Khimiko Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal 1986, 20(7), 810    [Non-Patent Document 3] Tetrahedron Letters 47 (2006) 8063    [Patent Document 1] WO 04/056745    [Patent Document 2] WO 05/108368    [Patent Document 3] WO 05/016877

Process for production of hydroxyadamantaneamine


The present invention relates to the secure identification, authentication, protection and transfer of personal and computing device identifying information between computing devices. Specifically the present invention is a method that removes the need to expose personal or computing device identifying information, while such information is in transit between computing devices.

Cybersecurity and more specifically the protection of personal and computing device identifying information has become an individual and nation concern. Data and hardware breaches continue to rise. Identity theft, ransomware, medical device intrusion, cyber-carjacking, energy grid cyberattacks, financial services and banking hacks and theft of medical and health information raise significant concern among individuals, private sector enterprises and government.
Accenture projects cyberattacks will cost the U.S. health system $305 billion over five years. The nascent Internet of Things (IoT), with tremendous potential to benefit society with the collection and analysis of big data, raises significant privacy concerns due to a lack security relative to personal and computing device identifying information contained in, received and transferred by, including but not limited to, wearables, medical devices, connected vehicles and smart home technology.
U.S. trading partners such as the European Union (EU) have expressed deep concern about the lack of robust of U.S. privacy protections related to EU citizens' private identifying data residing on servers and data warehouses in the U.S. The European Court of Justice recently invalidated the Safe Harbor provisions by which U.S. companies are able to move EU citizens' private and identifying information to the U.S. While a new data protection scheme between the U.S. and the EU is being worked out, U.S. companies face uncertain legal risk by continuing to process and move EU citizens' private identifying data to the U.S.
Current approaches to protecting identifying information include software and hardware encryption, including the use of public and private keys; trusted certificate technology; and tokenization. Use of these technologies, when used to harden data security, are effective but the tradeoff is the sub-optimal use and flexibility of the underlying data. Solutions to this problem of balance are often tipped in favor of greater flexibility in data use resulting in less protection for personal or computing device identifying information.
The present invention improves prior art by never exposing personal or computing device identifying information, while such information is in transit from one computing device to another. The present invention de-identifies information prior to transmission and re-identifies information at the destination, safely behind a computing device system of firewalls. The present invention provides a level of protection against dictionary attacks as the unique privacy identifiers are never stored in any database, file or lookup table. The present invention enhances the connective promise of the IoT. Finally, the present invention provides an additional layer of security by complementing prior art such as encryption and tokenization.

Method of protecting the identifying information of persons and computing devices, specifically those devices which are capable of sensing, capturing, receiving, transmitting, processing and storing digital information


Propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol diesters are prepared by reacting dichloropropyl ethers with a carboxylic acid salt, e.g., sodium acetate, and the corresponding carboxlyic acid, e.g., acetic acid. The by-product sodium chloride is insoluble in the acetic acid and easily separated from the reaction mixture. The diesters can be hydrolyzed to their respective glycols.

Dichloroisopropyl ether (DCIPE) is a by-product in the chlorohydrin process for making propylene oxide and is normally burned to recover the chlorine and heat values since there is no apparent use for it. No easy conversion to any other useful product is known. Thus, if a process could be developed to produce an already marketable product, the value of this by-product would be enhanced.

Process for the production of propylene glycol esters from chloropropyl ethers


An efficient redundant array of mass storage devices includes a plurality of hard disk drives, a controller or processor associated with each hard disk drive for calculating partial parity data and parity data, a host computer and at least one bus for communications between the host computer and the plurality of hard disk drives. The controller of a drive calculates the partial parity, which is the Exclusive Or function of the old data and the new data which is to be stored into the drive. New data is written to the location in the disk drive from which the old data was obtained. The partial parity data is transferred to the controller of another drive which contains the old parity data for the location to which the new data was written, and that controller calculates the new parity which is the Exclusive Or of the partial parity and the old parity. The new parity is written to the location on that disk drive which formerly held the old parity.

In the recent history of computers, advances in the performance and speed of central processing units (CPU's) have far outraced the advances in the performance of hard disk drives, although hard disk drives have also made great advances in the recent past. However, the far greater increases in the performance of CPU's has begun to cause input/output (I/O) bottlenecks when the CPU accesses a disk drive because the increases in disk drive performance have not caught up to the improved performance of CPU's.
Another problem is that although top quality disk drives offer a mean time between failure of about 150,000 hours, in systems using multiple disk drives failures will occur. One approach to addressing the failure problem is called mirroring. In the mirroring technique, the host computer writes data to two disk drives simultaneously. If one disk drive fails, a copy of all the data is immediately available on the other drive. Mirroring protects against a failure in one drive but it requires a user to purchase twice as much storage to hold the data and programs. Mirroring also does not address the I/O bottle-neck problem.
Another approach which addresses the problem of a failure in a multiple disk drive system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,870,643 to Bultman, et al., which issued on Sept. 26, 1989. The Bultman patent discloses a system with five standard 51/4" Winchester disk drives with successive bytes of digital information routed to four of the drives. The fifth drive contains parity information. Control circuitry is provided so that any one of the five standard drives may be unplugged and replaced without interruption of the operation of the storage system. The Bultman computer configuration uses less drives for storing the same amount of information as the mirroring technique discussed above but does not address the I/O bottleneck problem.
A recently proposed computer configuration for partially alleviating these problems was set forth in an article titled "Strength (and Safety) in Numbers" in the December 1990 issue of Byte Magazine written by Michael H. Anderson. That computer configuration is called Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks, and is referenced by its acronym "RAID".
A RAID system is a group of intelligent disk drives under the control of a single device driver or host computer. The proposed RAID system offers significantly higher performance than a single disk drive. Data can be striped or dispensed among several drives so that several of the drives are accessed in parallel to read one block of data which was striped across the several drives. This provides for quicker access than retrieving the block from a single drive.
In a RAID system, check bytes are stored, also preferably in an interleaved pattern across all of the drives. The check (or parity) byte is the sum of the data stored on the other drives in the same position. Therefore, if one drive fails the data which was stored on that drive can be quickly recreated by a calculation involving a check byte and data on the other non-failed drives for the same position. All of the above calculations are performed by the host computer.
When the host is instructed to write a block of new data which may be designated "NA" to a disk drive, the host computer first reads the old data "A" from the position to which the new data "NA" will be stored and the corresponding check bytes or parity bytes "PA" as shown in FIG. 2. Incidentally, the old parity designated "PA" is the parity involving not only the data "A", but also data from other disk drives. The host then calculates the new check bytes NPA by subtracting out the old data "A" and summing in the new data "PA". The check bytes are then rewritten over the old check bytes and the new data "NA" is written to the position where the old data "A" previously resided.
Unfortunately, though the above described RAID technique offers some improvement in performance, the host processor is forced to do a large number of calculations and multiple transfers of data over the bus which connects the host and the disk drives each time a block of data is to be written to a disk drive. The large number of calculations and the bus transfers reduces the performance of the host computer and the overall system.
As compared with the foregoing prior art arrangements, the principal objects of the present invention are to reduce the involvement of the host computer in the data storage process and to minimize the number of data transfers along the bus which interconnects the disk drives and the host computer.

Mass storage array with efficient parity calculation


A plate-type heat pipe sealing structure and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The plate-type heat pipe includes a main body and a tube body. A notch is formed at one of two ends of the main body or one of four corners of the main body as a sealed section thereof. The tube body is disposed in the notch and connected with the main body. The main body of the plate-type heat pipe is cut by means of a mechanical processing method such as punching to form the notch. The notch of the main body is sealed by means of high frequency wave or copper welding. The tube body is positioned within the notch without protruding from the main body of the plate-type heat pipe. Accordingly, when assembled with a heat sink unit, the sealed section of the plate-type heat pipe will not interfere with the heat sink unit.

The plate-type heat pipe has the advantages of high heat conductivity, lightweight, simple structure, multiuse and easy processing. Moreover, the plate-type heat pipe is able to transfer heat at high efficiency without consuming any power. Therefore, the plate-type heat pipe is widely applied in various fields, especially applied to a heat-generating electronic component for quickly conducting the heat from the electronic component and avoiding heat accumulation.
A conventional plate-type heat pipe works on the principle that the plate-type heat pipe has an internal vacuumed chamber in which a working fluid is filled. When heated, the working fluid phase-changes into vapor to transfer heat. After cooled, the working fluid phase-changes into liquid phase and flows back to complete a cycle. An evaporation face of the plate-type heat pipe is attached to the surface of the heat-generating electronic component to partially absorb and dissipate the heat generated by the electronic component.
There is a trend to manufacture slimmer and slimmer electronic devices for easy carriage. To keep up with the trend, the plate-type heat pipe applied to the electronic component for dissipating the heat has become thinner and lighter. The conventional plate-type heat pipe has a closed end connected with a tube body. The closed end and the tube body protrude from a rectangular area of the main body of the plate-type heat pipe. Therefore, when assembling the plate-type heat pipe with a heat sink unit, the closed end and the tube body will interfere with the heat sink unit. This often leads to inconvenience in the assembling process or even breakage of the plate-type heat pipe. Therefore, the conventional plate-type heat pipe has the following shortcomings:    1. It is inconvenient to assemble the conventional plate-type heat pipe with the heat sink unit; and    2. When assembling the conventional plate-type heat pipe with the heat sink unit, the closed end and the tube body are likely to interfere with the heat sink unit.

Plate-type heat pipe sealing structure and manufacturing method thereof


The device for conveying and separating a suspension with biological cells or micro-organisms in biological processes has a rotating separating element in a surrounding reaction space with a flow space which is in the form of a rotational gap, an inlet opening, an inner outlet opening for the cell-free medium, an outer through opening and an exit opening for the suspension. The distance R4 of the exit opening from the axis of rotation is greater than the distance R1 of the inlet opening, and the distance R3 of the through opening is greater than the distance R2 of the inner outlet opening. The suspension can thus be conveyed in the flow space and the cells efficiently separated at the same time. The device is particularly suitable for continuous operation with sensitive mammal cells.

The invention relates to a device with a rotating separating element and a method for conveying and separating a suspension with biological cells or microorganisms in biological processes. It also relates to a bioreactor with a conveying and separating device of this kind. Continuous cell separation or particle separation of human, animal, plant or hybrid culls, micro-organisms or of carriers populated with cells (micro-carriers) in biological processes is a crucial object. Cell culture techniques consequently have to meet very high requirements, in particular when cultivating sensitive mammal cells. This is illustrated, for example, in the article "Langzeitkultivierung von Saugetierzellen" ("Long-term cultivation of mammal cells") in Technische Rundschau SULZER 3, 1990, pp. 24-28, in which a perfusion reactor with a rotating spin filter (MBR Spinferm Bioreaktor) is also described as the most recent prior art. The purpose of separating cells and medium is to retain cells in the bioreactor in order to achieve high cell densities, to continuously pass fresh nutrient medium through the cells and at the same time remove the product and toxic metabolites and simplify the processing of the active substances such as hormones, antibodies or vaccines, which nee separated from the cells and which have to be drawn off free from cells. The highly sensitive mammal cells have to be kept constantly in an optimum environment with a sufficient supply of nutrients and, in particular, oxygen, Absolute sterility must be maintained in the entire reaction area, while the cells, which are highly sensitive to shear forces, must not be exposed to any high mechanical stresses. Although the described perfusion reactors with a rotating spin screen represent a significant improvement on conventional filter and separating systems, cells even accumulate on the rotating screen of these reactors. This ultimately leads to clogging of the screen and the accumulation of dead, decomposing cells. Although coarser spin filters reduce the degree of clogging, the selectivity of the separation is at the same time impaired. External centrifuges are hardly suitable for separating sensitive cells on account of long feed lines, restricted oxygen supply, excessive mechanical stresses and insufficient sterility as regards the seals of moving parts.

Device and method for conveying and separating a suspension with biological cells or micro-organisms


An electronic apparatus includes a first section and a second section which are foldable together in: a first mode in which respective front faces of the first and second sections face each other, and a second mode in which the front face of the first section faces a back face of the second section. A contact protector is provided on the front face of the first section. In the first mode, a first portion of the contact protector contacts the front face of the second section and forms a first clearance between the respective front faces, and a second portion of the contact protector is accommodated in a dent in the front face of the second section. In the second mode, the second portion of the contact protector contacts the back face of the second section and forms a second clearance between the respective front faces.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electronic apparatus formed by no less than two sections, and in particular to an electronic apparatus having sections which are movably connected to each other.
2. Description of the Related Art
As an example of a conventional electronic apparatus, a mobile phone designed to be easily used as well as to be compact for portability and to be used in various ways is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication (Kokai), No. 2005-354456. More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 16-18, the mobile phone A disclosed in JP 2005-354456 has a lower section (first section) B and an upper section (second section) C, which are foldably and rotationally connected by a rotating two-axis hinge. The lower section B is formed as a main body and has, on a front face Bf, a microphone Bm and user controls Ba including a plurality of operation keys. The upper section C has, on a front face Cf, a speaker Cr and a liquid crystal display (LCD) Cd of a significant size.
The lower section B and the upper section C are foldably connected around a folding axis x as shown by an arrow F in FIG. 16B, and are rotationally connected around a flipping axis z which is perpendicular to the folding axis x as shown by an arrow R in FIGS. 16A and 16B, through a connection D including a rotating two-axis hinge (not shown).
The mobile phone A thereby has four mechanical modes, namely a closed mode, an open mode, a flipped-open mode and a flipped-closed mode, as follows. The "closed mode" is a state of the mobile phone A in which the lower section B and the upper section C are closed with respect to each other while the front face Bf faces the front face Cf. See FIG. 17B. The mobile phone A may shift from the closed mode to the "open mode," in which the upper section C is open with respect to the lower section B by a degree defined by an open attitude. See FIG. 17A. The mobile phone A may shift from the open mode to the "flipped-open" mode by flipping the upper section C by 180 degrees. See FIG. 18A. The mobile phone A may shift from the flipped-open mode to the "flipped-closed" mode by closing the upper section C with respect to the lower section B while the front face Bf of the lower section B faces a back face Cb of the upper section C, and while the LCD Cd is exposed outwards. See FIG. 18B.
There are an increasing number of foldable mobile phones having a clearance pad for forming a certain clearance (gap) between a first section and a second section while the first and second sections are closed with respect to each other, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication (Kokai), No. 2004-128814.
For example, with respect to mobile phone A shown in FIGS. 16-18, a pair of clearance pads, Q, Q are provided on the front face Bf of the lower section B. In the closed mode shown in FIG. 17B, a certain clearance g is formed between the front face Bf of the lower section B and the front face Cf of the upper section C by letting the front face Cf be in contact with the clearance pads, Q, Q.
Similarly, in the flipped-closed mode shown in FIG. 18B, a clearance g is formed between the front face Bf of the lower section B and the back face Cb of the upper section C by letting the back face Cb be in contact with the clearance pads, Q, Q.
A foldable mobile phone having a rotating two-axis hinge, like the mobile phone A described above, has to keep a relative position of the lower section B and the upper section C constant both in the closed mode and in the flipped-closed mode. This relative position to be kept constant includes the clearance between the lower section B and the upper section C, and a perspective view of the mobile phone A as a whole based on a parallel relationship between the lower section B and the upper section C. To keep this relative position constant, the front face Cf and the back face Cb of the upper section C have to be located at an equal distance (in a direction of depth) from the flipping axis z.
The upper section C of the mobile phone A thereby has to be designed in a simplest way in which both the front face Cf and the back face Cb are flat, thereby greatly reducing the degree of freedom of exterior design of the mobile phone A. For example, the mobile phone A may not be designed to be wedge-shaped in the closed mode by letting the back face Cb of the upper section C gradually curve toward the front face Cf as the back face Cb approaches an open end of the upper section C.

Electronic apparatus formed by no less than two sections

Fujitsu Toshiba Mobile Communications Limited