A liquid crystal compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having from 3 to 18 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group having from 3 to 18 carbon atoms; X represents ##STR2## (A) and (B) each represents a group selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## and * indicates an optically active center.

Electro-optic devices using liquid crystals which have hitherto been developed and put into practical use include those using nematic liquid crystals, such as a DSM mode, a TN mode, a G-H mode, and an STN mode. However, any of these devices using nematic liquid crystals has a very slow electro-optic response requiring a switching time from several to several tens milliseconds and is hence limited in range of application. The slow response of the elements using nematic liquid crystals is because the torque of moving molecules, basically being based on anisotropy of dielectric constant, is not so strong. Under such circumstances, Meyer, et al. developed ferroelectric liquid crystals which undergo spontaneous polarization (Ps) and has a strong torque, the torque being based on Ps x E (applied electric field), and thereby has a high-speed response in the order of microseconds as disclosed in Le Journal de Physique, Vol. 36, L 69 (1975). Further, JP-A-63-307837 (the term "JP-A" as used herein means an "unexamined published Japanese patent application") discloses new ferroelectric liquid crystals, but gives no description about "three states" hereinafter described.
Several high-speed electro-optic devices using ferroelectric liquid crystals have already been proposed. Typically included in such devices is an element in which a twisted structure is untwisted by the force of a wall surfaces, and two molecular alignment layers in parallel in the wall surface are varied by polarity of the applied electric field as described, e.g., in JP-A-56-107216.
Existence of a compound showing ideal two states having an electric field response waveform as shown in FIG. 1 is prerequisite to realization of the above-described device. However, such a compound exhibiting ideal two states has not yet been discovered. Any of the so far synthesized bistable liquid crystals has a response waveform as shown in FIG. 2 but not that of FIG. 1. When the state-of-the-art liquid crystals having a response waveform of FIG. 2 are used, for example, in light switching circuits, since a transmission gradually changes according as an applied voltage changes from negative to positive, the purpose cannot be sufficiently accomplished simply by changing the applied voltage between "on" and "off". Moreover, so far synthesized bistable liquid crystals find difficulty in making a mono-domain state in its Sc* phase with no voltage applied, i.e., an ideal molecular orientation state, easily causing defect or a molecular orientation disturbance called twist. Thus, it has been difficult to realize the above-stated ideal two states of molecular orientation over a wide area. Further, because the threshold value (voltage at which a luminance changes by a prescribed value) is low, dynamic driving is liable to suffer from reduction in contrast or reduction in viewing angle. Furthermore, these conventional bistable liquid crystals do not exhibit hysteresis as shown in FIG. 1 but that shown in FIG. 2 so that they have no memory effect. Therefore, it is necessary to continue applying a voltage of .nu..sub.3 of FIG. 2 or applying a high frequency for the liquid crystal to maintain a stable response in the Sc* phase, which, in either case, entails a considerable energy loss.
Thus, the conventional electro-optic devices have many problems waiting for solution notwithstanding the strong demand for making effective use of the strong connection between an applied electric field and molecular orientation exhibited by ferroelectric liquid crystals.


A paper bailing apparatus for a printer which holds paper against the platen by a bail roller. In order to drive the bail roller from the release position to the bailing position, the driving force of the paper feed gear is utilized. The paper feed gear transmits the driving force to a bail gear which rotates the bail roller through an idle gear. The idle gear is held away from the paper feed gear and the bail gear in the ordinary state. A compression piece provided on a carriage moves the bail gear to the driving position. When the carriage is moved beyond the printing range, the compression piece moves the idle gear to the driving position. Once the idle gear meshes with the paper feed gear and the bail gear, even if the carriage is moved beyond the printing range, the interlocking is continued until the bail roller is moved to the bailing position.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a paper bailing apparatus for a printer and, more particularly, to a mechanism of driving a bail roller for holding paper against a platen.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a conventional printer of this type, printing paper is brought into contact with the peripheral surface of a platen, and printing on the paper is carried out by a printing head held by a carriage which reciprocates in the axial direction of the platen.
At this time, the paper is generally held against the platen by a bail roller so that the paper is in close contact with the platen when printing is carried out.
Such a bail roller is generally rotatably supported at one end of a bail lever, and after the paper is fed to the platen, the bail roller which has been held apart from the platen is moved to the bailing position.
Such a bail roller must be positioned securely at the bailing position after the paper is mounted on the platen.
At the time of inserting paper, however, the bail roller is rather a hindrance, and if the paper is inserted carelessly when the bail roller is in the bailing position, a jam will be caused.
Therefore, when roll paper or sprocket paper is inserted, the bail roller is manually moved to the release position by the user, and after the paper is securely mounted on the platen, the bail roller is manually restored to the bailing position by the user.
Recent automatic printers, however, are required to automatically drive the bail roller, and some automatic bail roller driving devices have hitherto been proposed.
Conventional automatic bail roller driving mechanisms generally have a solenoid or a motor exclusively for driving a bail lever, and when a sensor detects the insertion of paper, the solenoid or the motor is driven in accordance with a predetermined control program for moving the bail roller.
Such a conventional device requires various driving mechanisms merely for moving the bail roller, so that the size of the device is inconveniently increased, resulting in an increase in cost of the printer. An improved automatic bail roller driving device which is applicable to a recent small-sized, light-weight and inexpensive printer has therefore been demanded.
Another automatic bail roller driving mechanism conventionally proposed is a device which utilizes the carriage driving force to also drive the bail roller without providing any plunger or motor exclusively for driving the bail roller.
An example of such a mechanism is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 63-49465. In this mechanism, the paper feed roller rotating force is transmitted to a rotary cam through a clutch so as to rock a bail lever which is connected to the cam. The operation of connecting or disconnecting the clutch is carried out by moving the carriage beyond the printing range.
This mechanism is advantageous in that the bail roller is automatically driven without using any plunger or motor exclusively therefor, but suffers from the following problems.
(1) Even when the user manually rotates the bail lever so as to release it, since the bail lever is constantly biased toward the bailing position by a spring, it is impossible to hold the bail lever at the release position.
Therefore, when the user manually sets paper, the user must hold the bail lever so as to prevent the bail lever from being restored to the bailing position. The operability is thus poor.
(2) When the bail lever is at the release position, in other words, while the cam is holding the bail lever, the bail lever cannot be manually restored to the bailing position. If the bail lever is restored to the bailing position by force, the cam mechanism or the bail lever will be broken.
(3) Since an arm which engages the carriage and rotates in accordance with the movement of the carriage is not provided with any bending mechanism or buffer mechanism, if the amount of movement of the carriage after it engages the arm becomes too large by mistake, a part will be broken.
The carriage often moves until it hits against the frame when the control of the position of the carriage is lost, for example, when the carriage is manually moved by the user for the purpose of changing ribbons while the power source is off or when the carriage motor is out of order. In such a case, inconvenience such as breakage of the carriage, deformation of the arm and breakage of a tooth of the gear is caused.
(4) It is necessary to recognize the stopping position of the cam and initialize the cam at a predetermined position when the power source is turned on.
For this purpose, not only are the laborious operations of the carriage, the paper feed roller (platen) and the bail lever required whenever the power source is turned on, but also when the power source is turned on when paper is already mounted, the driving operation of the paper feed roller for initialization deviates the position of the paper which has been set at the right position or obstructs the normal paper feed.
Furthermore, this mechanism requires a detecting means such as an encoder for detecting the rotational position of the cam in order to control the cam, which leads to an increase in cost.
As described above, although this automatic bail roller driving mechanism dispenses with a driving source exclusively for its use, the manual operability of the bail roller by the user is sacrificed. In addition, since even a small operational error is apt to lead to breakage, this mechanism cannot be said to be satisfactory.
An automatic bail roller driving mechanism having a simpler structure while maintaining the manual operability is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 63-42879.
In this mechanism, the bail lever is manually driven and is held at the release position, and when the carriage is moved beyond the printing range, the carriage triggers the releasing mechanism for moving the bail lever from the release position so as to return to the bailing position.
This mechanism is advantageous in that printing is efficiently possible from the upper end of the paper, but suffers from the following problems.
Since the carriage is constantly out of the printing range when the bail lever is restored to the bailing position, the paper is horizontally asymmetrically slackened when the bail roller is pressed against the platen and at the subsequent paper feeding stage, the paper is fed obliquely, thereby causing what is called skew, in other words, printing in a skewed line.
The known skew phenomenon is generally prevented by temporarily moving the carriage to the vicinity of the center position (this operation is generally called centering) before restoring the bail lever to the bailing position, so that the bail roller is pressed against the platen while the paper is held substantially in a horizontally symmetrical position by the printing head, the guide provided on the carriage and the like.
In this automatic bailing roller driving mechanism, however, it is impossible to center the carriage before restoring the bail lever to the bailing position. Therefore, in spite of the simple structure, this mechanism possesses a major defect, namely, skew of paper.


A fastener member for being secured to the surface of a foam body during a molding process in a mold form. The fastener member includes an elongate base having upper and lower opposed faces with fixating elements positioned on the lower face of the base for being positioned within and protected by a mold cavity in a wall of the mold form against foam contamination during the molding process. First and second opposed, elongate sealing ramps positioned on the upper face of the base by respective proximal ends and diverge outwardly and upwardly at an angle oblique to the base and define respective outwardly-extending distal ends. The base is sized to fit within the mold cavity with outer surfaces of the respective first and second ramps engaging and sealingly contacting respective upper wall corners of the mold at points of contact intermediate the proximal and distal ends. A magnetically-attractable material is fixed to the base for being magnetically attracted to a magnet positioned in the mold cavity to thereby seal the cavity against the sealing ramps to prevent foam from entering the mold cavity and contaminating the fixating elements.

The present invention relates to components for overcasting, moulded objects into which those components are overcast, and manufacturing processes of moulded objects. A choice application of the invention is the manufacture of covers or seats for cars or planes.
To equip a part in a plastic material, such as a polyurethane part constituting a cover, with a component for overcasting so as to equip this cover with means of fixation, a known method is to apply a component for overcasting with a base on both sides of a cavity arranged at the bottom of a cast.
Fixating elements are to be found on the underside of the base. A magnet is to be found at the bottom of the cavity, whereas a metallic layerxe2x80x94which can be attracted by the magnetxe2x80x94is deposited on the upper side of the base.
A layer of foam is applied by glue between the base and both sides of the cavity standing out at the bottom of the mould, in order to ensure that the cavity remains liquid-proof and that the fixating capacity of the fixating elements to be found therein is not altered by the liquid foam used to cast the polyurethane afterwards.
When the liquid foam used to cast the moulded object is poured, its weight crushes the foam which ensures that the cavity remains liquid-proof. The assembly procedure in the mould is fast and the liquid-proofness is appropriate, but the manufacturing is complicated. Notably, in order to apply foam around the underside of the base, the fixating elements of the base features must be crushed at first.
The inconvenience can be remedied with equipping the base with two ramps at each opposite side of the base, jutting upwards and away from one another.
The base is maintained in the cavity, with placing the entire base and its ramps within this cavity. A small flexion of the ramps allows for clasping them to the inside vertical sides of the walls that form the cavity at the bottom of the mould.
The flexion by clasping of the ramps ensures the cavity remains liquid-proof, but the clasping is a time-intensive operation.
The aim of the invention is to remedy these inconveniences with a component for overcasting that does not necessitate crushing the fixating elements at its periphery, nor applying layers of glue and foam, nor clasping ramps to the auxiliary cavity at the bottom of the mould in the assembly procedure.
This simplifies and speeds up the assembly in the mould, without complicating the manufacturing of the component for overcasting itself as before. Furthermore, the invention simplifies the casting of the base and ensures the moulded object is firmly adhered with the base.
The component for overcasting includes a base, flexible elements are to be found on the underside of the base. Two ramps jut upwards and away from two opposite lateral sides of the upperside of the base.
According to the invention, material which can be attracted by a magnet is applied on the upper side of the base.
In order to manufacture the moulded object, the ramps of the component for overcasting are laid on the two walls situated at the bottom of the mould, between which a magnet is fixated at the bottom of the mould. This is in order for the material which can be attached by a magnet to be efficiently attracted by the magnet at the bottom of the mould and the component for overcasting to be well maintained on the ramps. Thus, resulting in an appropriate liquid-proofness.
The mould is then filled with a liquid plastic material, which is then left to solidify, end the moulded object is then cast.
Any clasping is therefore eliminated, whilst appropriate liquid-proofness is ensured by the magnetic attraction, without the need to deposit a supplementary layer of foam and a layer of glue between the walls and the sides of the component for overcasting, nor especially crushing the fixating elements situated at the periphery of the base.
The base is usually a plastic material, for instance of a thermoplastic type, notably in polypropylene, polyamide, etc. Steel powder mixed in with polymer resins can be used as the material that can be attracted by a magnet, notably in a ratio of forty/sixty percent of the weight to seventy/thirty percent of the weight.
In a preferred invention, the free edges of the ramps feature a lip jutting outward.
When the base is placed, these lips are higher than the top of the walls so that, when the moulded object is cast, some of the liquid material not only deposits on the upper side of these lips, but also on part of their underside.
A part of the object is therefore in contact with the underside of the ramps and is well maintained by the base, without it being necessary to implement particular fixating elements and without it preventing an easy casting of the base, since the lips are cast with it, it is however possible to also implement fixating elements on the upper side of the base and lips jutting inward from the free edges of the ramps, to achieve a similar purpose.
The ramps may not be flat. They will preferably feature an angle of ninety degrees to one hundred and seventy degrees between them.
A moulded object is therefore obtained, which includes a main body cast in a plastic material and to which is fixated, by casting, a component for overcasting according to the invention.
The body may be in a plastic material compatible with that of the component for overcasting, ie which manages adherences between the body and the base during the casting in the mould. The possibility exists however, to extend the range of plastic materials to be used for the body and the component for overcasting, as part of the body is in contact with the underside of the ramps and therefore creates a fixation.
Polyurethanes can be used as a material for the body. Most often, the body is in a material different to that of the base, in order to respectively equip each with the best suited properties, for instance the elasticity of the filling foam for a cushion and the rigidity for a fixating component.
A component for overcasting can be manufactured by extrusion, for instance using the same process as described in the European patent No 0 657 118 in the name of Kuraray Co. Ltd., which is incorporated hereby by reference.

Component for overcasting for a moulded object


A light emitting device including a supporting body; first wirings formed on a surface of the supporting body; second wirings formed on the surface of the supporting body; a plurality of first light emitting elements, which are flip-chip mounted on respective ones of the first wirings and are electrically connected to each other by the first wirings; and a second light emitting element electrically connected to at least one of the second wirings. The second light emitting element is disposed on at least one of the first wirings at a location between at least two of the electrically-connected first light emitting elements, without being electrically connected to said at least one of the first wirings.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a light emitting device.
2. Description of Related Art
Conventionally, light sources have been developed including light emitting elements that emit red light, green light, and blue light. For example, JP 2008-85324 A discloses a light source device in which one or more red light emitting elements (that is, light emitting elements configured to emit red light), green light emitting elements (that is, light emitting elements configured to emit green light), and blue light emitting elements (that is, light emitting elements configured to emit blue light) are employed, and the light emitting elements are configured to be controlled independently for each color, which allows for adjusting the color of emitted light.


A plunger in a plunger lift system in an oil and gas well includes circumferential recessed surfaces that define grooves spaced along the plunger body. A curved convex surface or radius is formed between the lower extent of each recessed surface and the plunger body, and a sharp edge or corner connects the upper extent of each recessed surface to the plunger body. The depth of the grooves decreases and the spacing between the grooves decreases from the bottom to the top of the plunger. The shape, sizing and spacing of the grooves improves plunger lift and decreases liquid loss during plunger lift.

Plunger lift systems are artificial lift systems for oil and gas wells. Plunger lift systems are used during the producing life of the well when the bottom hole pressure and the gas to liquid ratio will no longer support natural flow. A plunger lift system includes a tubing string in the well casing. The tubing string has a well valve and lubricator at the top and a spring assembly at the bottom, and an elongated cylindrical plunger that travels between the bottom and the top of the tubing string. The well is intermitted by shutting in the well for a selected time period to allow pressure build up and then opening the well valve for a selected period of time, allowing fluid to flow into the sales line. The plunger moves up the tubing string during the time the well valve is open, pushing a liquid slug to the top. When the well valve is closed the plunger falls back to the bottom of the tubing string. The open and closed times for the well valve are typically controlled by a programmable controller.
The gas lift plunger in a plunger lift system is the interface between the liquid slug above the plunger and the pressurized gases that push the plunger from below. Plungers are designed to minimize the downward flow of liquid and the upward flow of gas between the plunger and tubing string as the plunger travels up the tubing string. One type of plunger uses mechanical seals spaced along the cylindrical plunger body to seal between the plunger and the tubing string. U.S. Pat. No. 5,253,713 to Gregg et al. discloses a plunger with elastomeric seals. U.S. Pat. No. 5,427,504 discloses a plunger with sealing pads that are biased outwardly against the tubing string by springs. Plungers with mechanical seals provide efficient sealing between the plunger and the tubing string. However, plungers with mechanical seals have a plurality of parts, often making these plungers complex and expensive. These plungers also often require an internal bypass valve that must be opened for the plunger to fall back to the bottom of the tubing string.
Plungers for plunger lift systems have heretofore used the upward gas flow to seal between the plunger and tubing string. This type of plunger has a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the tubing string in order to allow liquid to flow upward between the plunger and tubing string while the well valve is closed. These plungers generally have a plurality of longitudinally spaced circumferential grooves spaced between cylindrical body sections of the peripheral surface of the plunger body. The grooves create a turbulent flow in gases flowing upwardly between the plunger and tubing string as the plunger is pushed up the tubing string, and thereby reduce the gas flow up and liquid flow down around the plunger. Prior known plungers have uniformly sized and uniformly shaped grooves uniformly spaced along the plunger body. The recessed surface of the grooves in the prior known plungers connects to the surface of the plunger body along sharp edges or corners. U.S. Pat. No. 4,410,300 to Yerian discloses a plunger with grooves having an asymmetrical V-shaped cross section. U.S. Pat. No. 4,502,843 to Martin discloses a plunger with grooves having a semi-circular cross section. Plungers having grooves with a square or rectangular cross section have also been produced. Plungers with gas flow seals are less complex and less expensive than plungers with mechanical seals. However, prior known gas flow-seal plungers are less efficient in sealing than plungers with mechanical seals.

Gas lift plunger having grooves with increased lift


Disclosure herein is an interface circuit for a semiconductor memory device, which is so structured that, when a control signal (VBC) is supplied to a control signal input end, a transistor (2) first enters a conducting state to supply a supply voltage to a semiconductor memory device (1) and thereafter bus control means (7, 8) is brought into a conducting state by a control signal delayed by a delay circuit (22), to supply bus signals (ADD', CTD' and DTS') to the semiconductor memory device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an interface circuit for a semiconductor memory device such as a memory card, a memory pack or the like, and more particularly, it relates to technique of optimizing the control procedure of power supply and bus signals for such a semiconductor memory device.
2. Description of the Background Art
A memory card serving as a semiconductor memory device is widely applied to a small word processor, a lap-top personal computer or the like as a high-speed small recording medium of a detachable type.
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing the structure of a conventional interface circuit for a semiconductor memory device. Referring to FIG. 5, a semiconductor memory device 101 such as a DRAM, SRAM, EEPROM or the like is detachably connected with a terminal device 150 through a power supply terminal V.sub.CC, an address terminal T.sub.A, a control terminal T.sub.C and a data input/output terminal T.sub.D. The terminal device 150 comprises a CPU (not shown) and an interface circuit 151 for the CPU and the semiconductor memory device 101. A supply voltage V.sub.C is inputted in a power input line 111 of the interface circuit 151 from a power supply (not shown). The power input line 111 is connected to an emitter of a transistor 102, which is adapted to connect/cut off the supply voltage V.sub.C, as well as to a base of the transistor 102 through a bleeder resistor 103. The bleeder resistor 103 is adapted to raise up the base potential of the transistor 102 to the supply voltage V.sub.C. A control signal line 118, which receives a power supply/bus control signal VBC for controlling the power supply and buses, is connected to an input terminal of an inverter 106. This control signal line 118 is further connected to a gate terminal G of a three-state unidirectional buffer (hereinafter simply referred to as "buffer") 107 and a gate terminal G of a three-state bidirectional buffer (hereinafter simply referred to as "buffer") 108. An output terminal of the inverter 106 is connected to the base of the transistor 102 through a base resistor 104. The base resistor 104 is adapted to control the base current of the transistor 102. The collector of the transistor 102 is connected to the power supply terminal V.sub.CC of the semiconductor memory device 101, while an end of an input resistor 105, another end of which is grounded, is connected to an intermediate node therebetween. The input resistor 105 is adapted to determine input impedance to the semiconductor memory device 101 when the transistor 102 is cut off.
The buffer 107 is interposed in an address bus 113, which is connected to the address terminal T.sub.A of the semiconductor memory device 101, and a control bus 114, which is connected to the control terminal T.sub.C of the semiconductor memory device 101. Address data ADD are inputted in the semiconductor memory device 101 through the address bus 113, while control data CTD are inputted in the semiconductor memory device 101 through the control bus 114. The buffer 107 connects/cuts off inputs of the address data ADD and the control data CTD in response to the power supply/bus control signal VBC.
The buffer 108 is interposed in a data bus 115, which is connected to the data input/output terminal T.sub.D of the semiconductor memory device 101. A data signal DTS is inputted in or outputted from the semiconductor memory device 101 through the data bus 115. The buffer 108 connects/cuts off input/output of the data signal DTS in response to the power supply/bus control signal VBC. A direction switching signal line 116 is connected to a direction switching terminal DIR of the buffer 108. The direction switching signal line 116 is supplied with a read/write signal R/W, in order to switch the direction of movement of the data signal DTS in the buffer 108 in response to read/write operation of the semiconductor memory device 101.
Operation timing of the conventional interface circuit 151 having the aforementioned structure is now described.
FIG. 6 is an operation timing chart of the conventional interface circuit 151.
When a power supply/bus control signal VBC of a high level is applied to the control signal line 118, the gate terminals G of both buffers 107 and 108 go high so that the buffers 107 and 108 enter enable states and conduct. Due to such conduction, the address data ADD, the control data CTD and the data DTS received in the buses 113, 114 and 115 are supplied to the semiconductor memory device 101.
When such a high-level power supply/bus control signal VBC is applied to the control signal line 118, further, the output of the inverter 106 goes low. Therefore, a base current flows to the transistor 102 through the base resistor 104 to allow conduction of the transistor 102, whereby a supply voltage V.sub.C ' is supplied to the power supply terminal V.sub.CC.
In general, the speed and time required for connecting/cutting off the buffers 107 and 108 are higher and shorter than those required for connecting/cutting off the transistor 102. Namely, the buffers 107 and 108 conduct in advance of the transistor 102 in response to the change of the power supply/bus control signal VBC from a low level to a high level (FIG. 6(a)). Therefore, data ADD', CTD' and DTS' are supplied from the respective buses 113, 114 and 115 to the terminals T.sub.A, T.sub.C and T.sub.D of the semiconductor memory device 101 in advance of the supply voltage V.sub.C ' (FIG. 6(b) and (c)).
When a power supply/bus control signal VBC of a low level is applied to the control signal line 118, on the other hand, the gate terminals G of the buffers 107 and 108 enter disable states, whereby the buffers 107 and 108 are cut off. Further, the output of the inverter 106 goes high to cut off the transistor 102. Therefore, the data ADD, CTD and DTS and the supply voltage V.sub.C are not supplied to the terminals V.sub.CC, T.sub.A, T.sub.C and T.sub.D. Since the time required for connecting/cutting off the buffers 107 and 108 is shorter than that for the transistor 102 as hereinabove described, the transistor 102 is cut off after the buffers 107 and 108 are cut off.
In such a semiconductor memory device having a semiconductor integrated circuit in its interior, it is generally desired to first input a power supply, thereafter add an input/output signal, cut off the input signal and thereafter cut off the power supply.
When data supply to the buses is stopped in the conventional interface circuit shown in FIG. 5, the supply voltage is cut off in a delay to the bus data to with no problem, since the transistor is cut off after the buffers are cut off, as hereinabove described. When the bus data are supplied to the semiconductor memory device as shown in FIG. 6, however, difference of a time t.sub.2 is caused between conduction of the buses and conduction of the power supply, and hence the bus data are problematically inputted in advance of the supply voltage by the time t.sub.2. When the bus data are thus precedingly inputted, a latch-up phenomenon may take place such that the semiconductor integrated circuit provided in the semiconductor memory device performs no normal storage operation, and an excess current may flow due to such a latch-up phenomenon as the case may be, to deteriorate and break the internal semiconductor integrated circuit. Thus, it is not desirable for the semiconductor memory device that the buses conduct in advance of the power supply.

Interface circuit for semiconductor memory device


A composition of matter comprising:. A) from 25 to 90 parts by weight of a syndiotactic, vinylaromatic thermoplastic resin, PA1 B) from 1 to 50 parts by weight of a rubbery, impact absorbing domain forming polymer, PA1 C) from 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of a nucleator for the syndiotactic, vinylaromatic thermoplastic resin, PA1 D) from 0 to 90 parts by weight of an mineral, glass, ceramic, polymeric or carbon reinforcing agent, and PA1 E) from 0 to 90 parts by weight of one or more polyarylene ethers or polar group modified polyarylene ethers.

The present invention relates to syndiotactic vinylaromatic polymer compositions containing impact modifiers. More particularly the present invention relates to such compositions that are further modified to incorporate crystal modifiers and optionally reinforcing aids, and compatabilizers.
In Japanese Kokai 1-135868, published May 29, 1989, there are disclosed certain resin compositions containing (a) inorganic fillers and (b) polyphenylene ether type resins including maleic anhydride modified poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)ether. The resins are useful for electrical parts.

Impact modified syndiotactic vinyl aromatic polymers


A load instruction that accesses data cache may be off natural alignment, which causes a cache line crossing to complete the access. The illustrative embodiments provide a mechanism for loading data across multiple cache lines without the need for an accumulation register or collection point for partial data access from a first cache line while waiting for a second cache line to be accessed. Because the accesses to separate cache lines are concatenated within the vector rename register without the need for an accumulator, an off-alignment load instruction is completely pipeline-able and flushable with no cleanup consequences.

The present application relates generally to an improved data processing apparatus and method and more specifically to an apparatus and method for loading data to vector renamed registers from across multiple cache lines.
A microprocessor is the heart of a modern computer, a chip made up of millions of transistors and other elements organized into specific functional operating units, including arithmetic units, cache memory and memory management, predictive logic, and data movement. Processors in modern computers have grown tremendously in performance, capabilities, and complexity over the past decade.
A memory cache is a memory bank that bridges main memory and the central processing unit (CPU). A cache is faster than main memory and allows instructions to be executed and data to be read and written at higher speed. Instructions and data are transferred from main memory to the cache in fixed blocks, known as cache "lines."
Caches take advantage of "temporal locality," which means the same data item is often reused many times. Caches also benefit from "spatial locality," wherein the next instruction to be executed or the next data item to be processed is likely to be the next in line. The more often the same data item is processed or the more sequential the instructions or data, the greater the chance for a "cache hit." If the next item is not in the cache, a "cache miss" occurs, and the CPU has to go to main memory or a higher cache level to retrieve it. A level 1 (L1) cache is a memory bank typically built into the CPU chip. A level 2 cache (L2) is a secondary staging area that feeds the L1 cache. Increasing the size of the L2 cache may speed up some applications but have no effect on others. L2 may be built into the CPU chip or may reside on a separate chip or a separate bank of chips.

Loading data to vector renamed register from across multiple cache lines

International Business Machines Corporation


A display device communicates with a terminal device and includes a display unit, an extracting unit, a generating unit, and a transmitting unit. The display unit displays display data including at least one of image data and drawn data corresponding to an operation performed by a user on a screen. The extracting unit extracts a part of the display data specified by the user out of the display data displayed by the display unit. The generating unit generates image data in a form corresponding to the terminal device based on the extracted display data. The transmitting unit transmits the image data to the terminal device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a display device, a displaying method, and a computer-readable recording medium.
2. Description of the Related Art
To urgently transmit information to a distant place, for example, the transmitter side of the information may grasp conditions and consider measures while writing the conditions changing with the lapse of time on a whiteboard or the like. The transmitter side then transmits the contents of the considered measures and informative matters to the receiver side of the information at the distant place with a telephone, an e-mail, or a facsimile, for example. Examples of such a situation include, but are not limited to, communications performed between a control room and on-site persons in charge when a disaster or an accident occurs. The situation is not limited to such a special emergent situation and may occur in various scenes, such as offices, stores, hospitals, factories, roads, railroads, and ordinary homes.
Recently, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2013-114373, each person on the receiver side of the information is provided with a terminal device, such as a smartphone and a tablet, and they can receive the contents of measures and the informative matters from the transmitter side. The terminal device, for example, can receive and display an image obtained by capturing characters written on the whiteboard via a network.
The screen of the terminal device is smaller than that of the whiteboard. Furthermore, the aspect ratio of the screen of the terminal device is different from that of the screen of the whiteboard. If an image obtained by capturing the screen of the whiteboard is displayed on the terminal device without any change, the image is reduced. In urgent transmission of information to a distant place, this mechanism makes it difficult for the receiver side of the information to readily grasp which content in the image is necessary information.
In view of the disadvantage described above, there is a need to convert information displayed on a screen into image data easily checked on a terminal device and transmit it to the terminal device.

Display device, displaying method, and computer-readable recording medium


A method for assisting a health care practitioner in color evaluation includes maintaining, in a database, a plurality of images each corresponding to a particular result or condition; capturing, by a healthcare practitioner using a camera of a mobile electronic device, a subject image of a patient or an object associated with the patient; automatically comparing, utilizing one or more electronic processors, the captured subject image to images maintained in the database, such comparison including comparing one or more colors in the subject image to one or more colors in the images maintained in the database; automatically determining, based on the automatic comparison, that the captured subject image is positively matched to one or more of the plurality of images maintained in the database; and displaying an indication of the particular result or condition corresponding to each of the positively matched plurality of images.

The present invention generally relates to color determination.
Both color deficiencies in vision and environmental variances affect how people perceive color differences. It has been estimated that humans can distinguish roughly 10 million different colors but the identification of a specific color is highly subjective. Even users with normal vision can perceive colors slightly different from eye to eye. Color perception changes with aging, light source (fluorescent, LED, halogen, natural light, etc.), and surrounding color reflections. Even a person's emotional state can have an effect on color perception.
Further, vision deficiencies related to color identification exist in a large number of individuals: approximately one in twelve men and one in one hundred women.
In a healthcare context, an inability to identify or discriminate colors could potentially compromise patient safety. Despite this, however, only a small portion of practicing healthcare providers have been tested for color deficiencies, and many individuals are unaware of their deficiency.
A need exists for improvement in color discrimination. This need, and other needs, are addressed by one or more aspects of the present invention.

Mobile healthcare application for facilitating color determination


An adjustable baby bottle holder includes a rotating member. A top bar is rotatably attached to the rotating member. A bottom bar is attached to the top bar and a grasping member is rotatably attached to the bottom bar. The top bar and the bottom bar are generally perpendicular to each other. Two principle directions of movement are provided. First, the top bar rotates circumferentially within the rotating member. Second, the grasping member rotates circumferentially about the bottom bar in a generally perpendicular orientation to the top bar.

The present invention relates to a baby bottle holder for holding a baby bottle providing hands free feeding of an infant. More particularly the present invention pertains to devices that are attached to cribs or strollers that allow the baby bottle to remain in or near the baby""s mouth without the continuous assistance of an attendant.
Devices for holding a baby bottle are well known in the art. Many provide hands free feeding of babies. U.S. Pat. No. 6,003,821 by Fabian describes a decorative holder for a baby bottle in which a flexible arm with a bottle receiver connected to one end and a clamp is connected to the other end. U.S. Pat. No. 5,489,075 describes a baby bottle holder and feeder utilizing an articulating arm and a clamping member. U.S. Pat. No. 5,664,746 by Benzakarya relates to a weighted base containing a rotating ball and a movable first arm.
Most of the prior art devices are restricted in some direction of their movement. Unfortunately, the prior art devices are typically designed to be positioned by an adult, but they are not flexible enough with minimal friction to move with the child""s mouth. Flexible arms are often used to position the bottle near the child.
The flexible arms must be rigid enough to hold the weight of the bottle, as such, they are often too rigid to allow a young baby to move the bottle themselves just by the strength of their own head movement.
The prior art devices show that there is a need for an adjustable baby bottle holder that has multiple directions of low resistance movement, which allow the bottle to remain in the baby""s mouth even with head movement by the baby. The bottle needs to stay in the baby""s mouth even with head movement side to side or up and down head movement.
An objective of the present invention, an adjustable baby bottle holder, is to provide multiple directions of low resistance rotational movement. The movement by the baby bottle holder in multiple spatial directions allows the bottle to remain in the baby""s mouth despite head movement by the baby. Directions of head movement side-to-side or up and down can all be accommodated by the invention.
Another objective of the adjustable baby bottle holder is to allow an interchangeability of grasping members to accommodate baby bottles of differing circumference.
An adjustable baby bottle holder includes a rotating member. A top bar is rotatably attached to the rotating member. A bottom bar is attached to the top bar and a grasping member is rotatably attached to the bottom bar.
The grasping member has a force fit snap-on mechanism that allows the grasping member to attach to the bottom bar. The top bar and the bottom bar are generally perpendicular to each other. A flexible arm member with an attachment end and a joint end, attaches to the rotating member at the joint end.
The top bar and bottom bar are connected by a front bar and a back bar. The top bar has a first end and a second end. The bottom bar has a third end and a fourth end. The front bar attaches to the first end and the third end. The back bar attaches to the second end and the fourth end. The front bar and the back bar can twist to form the generally perpendicular orientation of the top bar and the bottom bar, such that there are two directions of freedom of rotation for the baby bottle. The front bar and the back bar can be symmetrical or may vary in shape from each other.
In a second embodiment of the invention the rotating member has a hooking bar. The top bar has a through hole. The through hole receives the hooking bar. A front bar and a back bar connect the top bar and the bottom bar. The grasping member rotatably attaches to the bottom bar. The top bar and the bottom bar are generally perpendicular to each other. The flexible arm member attaches at the joint end to the rotating member.
The adjustable baby bottle holder can also include a first loop, and a second loop attached to the first loop. The first loop is attached to the top bar and the second loop is connected to the bottom bar. The front bar and the back bar can be separated by a distance xe2x80x9cdxe2x80x9d. xe2x80x9cdxe2x80x9d gradually increases from about zero at the ring member to a maximum distance xe2x80x9cdxe2x80x9d at about the grasping member. The top bar is a cylindrical tube having a hollow channel.
The grasping member is designed to hold a baby bottle. The flexible arm can be secured at the attachment end to an object, such as a baby crib, then moved and positioned such that the baby bottle is near the mouth of the baby. The baby bottle can move with the baby and remain in the baby""s mouth.
A first direction of flexible movement is the circumferential rotation of the top bar in relation to the rotating member. A second direction of flexible movement is also available with the grasping member rotatably attached to the rotating member. When the baby is sitting upright and rocks his or her head side to side, then this circumferential rotation keeps the bottle in contact with the baby""s mouth.
The grasping member has one or more fingers that are a semicircle shape about the same diameter as the bottle that the grasping member is designed to hold. The fingers of the grasping member clasp about the baby bottle. The snap-on mechanism is designed so that the grasping member is removably attached to the rotating member. The grasping member may be interchanged with a second grasping member that has fingers that are of differing diameter than the grasping member, such that different size baby bottles can be held.
With the adjustable arm the bottle can easily be tilted upward to prevent leaking of fluids from the nipple. This advantage applies when the baby is taking a short break from feeding and the bottle is temporarily not in use. The feature is also advantageous when the baby falls asleep while feeding where the bottle will remain generally in its established position and not lay with the nipple pointed downward prone to leaking. The adjustable baby bottle holder is further described and illustrated in the accompanying description and figures.


A box mounted on a vehicle or stationary frame for holding an automotive type battery. Said battery is kept in contact with internal terminals which are located in the box. The box is internally tapered to match an external taper on the battery, and has guide rails to facilitate insertion of the battery. A means to assist in the removal of the battery is provided, as is a spring loaded battery carrying strap. A plurality of the boxes may be electrically connected in parallel or series.

The present invention relates to a permanently mounted box or boxes constructed of a non-conductive, non-corrosive material, such as plastic or fiberglass, having tapered internal surfaces, with built-in terminal connectors, into which a battery or batteries used for engines are placed. Said battery or batteries having tapered exterior surfaces and terminals are inserted into the box or boxes, and affixed to the interior of the box, assuring a positive electrical contact. Said boxes may be electrically connected in series or parallel by numerous means.
While numerous prior inventions have taught enclosures for batteries, such as Larkin et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,236,792 and Hausman, U.S. Pat. No. 5,692,466, none of these contemplate a combination which teach a pre-wired capsule, providing means for easy installation and removal of a battery, providing rapid electrical connection with an external electrical system. Larkin et al. is directed towards a means of a carrying a battery, whereas Hausman et al shows a mounting and support arrangement.
It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide a permanently mounted battery box or boxes such that engine batteries can be rapidly and easily installed and removed. It is a further object of the invention to accomplish this installation and removal with a minimal amount of mechanical ability and the reduction of possible error. Another object is to eliminate the need for tools.

Pre-wired battery box for rapid installation and connection of batteries


After an operator has focused the zoom lens assembly of an optical measuring system on a workpiece, the zoom lens itself is adjusted to select a desired magnification. A reticle image in the form of a plurality of radially spaced, concentrically disposed circles is then projected, at the selected magnification, and via the zoom lens and a video camera, to a microprocessor (CPU), which electronically stores that particular image of the reticle for subsequent use, whenever it is desired to have the now-calibrated magnification reestablished. To reestablish the calibrated magnification at a later time, a new image of the reticle is projected to the CPU, and via the CPU onto a video screen. The previously recorded image of the reticle is also projected onto the video screen by the CPU, and is visually compared with the new reticle image. The zoom lens is then adjusted until the two images are coincident, at which time the previously selected magnification will have been reestablished.

This invention relates to optical measuring systems, and more particularly to zoom lens systems of the type which are employed in the field of optical dimensional metrology. More specifically, this invention relates to a novel method and means for calibrating a zoom lens system of the type described so that a selected or given magnification or field of view (FOV) of the lens system can be accurately re-established repeatedly without requiring re-calibration of the system from an external reference source.
One of the shortcomings of known optical systems of the type that employ a zoom lens for metrological applications is the difficulty in repeatedly and accurately resetting the lens in order to re-establish a particular magnification or field of view which may have been used previously during the course of conducting an optical measurement of a workpiece. This shortcoming results from the fact that the instrument's zoom lens typically is adjusted by a mechanical device, and consequently calibration of the magnification of the lens can be altered because of, for example, backlash in the mechanics of the zoom mechanism, wear of mechanical parts during useful life of the instrument, positioning error resulting from the electro-mechanical system which drives the zoom mechanism, and even thermal effects on the glass and metal parts of the system. It is, however, particularly desirable to be able accurately to re-establish one or more such magnifications in order to allow accurate measurement of a workpiece.
For example, the assignee of this application has heretofore marketed under the trademark SMART SCOPE an optical measuring system of the type in which a zoom lens is utilized to project the image of a workpiece to a video camera, which in turn projects the image via a microprocessor onto a monitor. To record measurements of the workpiece, the operator then shifts the workpiece holder laterally, and in a manner to cause the image of the workpiece likewise to be shifted laterally relative to a fixed scale on the monitor, thus to measure the image via such scale. For subsequent workpieces the operator again manipulates the zoom mechanism via a mouse or joystick which forms part of the SMART SCOPE equipment until an image of the new workpiece appears to be in proper focus on the monitor, after which the new workpiece can be manipulated, as described above, to effect the desired measurements.
One of the advantages of being able accurately to reestablish a previously employed magnification, rather than simply relying upon observation of the image of a workpiece on the monitor, is that it enables measurements of a workpiece to be made directly by the equipment without having to manipulate the workpiece to effect movement of its image relative to a scale on the monitor.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to obviate the above-noted shortcoming by providing apparatus for projecting and recording, for a selected magnification, an optical image of known dimension, so that when it is desired once again to adjust an associated zoom lens to the former (now stored) magnification, the optical image of known dimension can be used for accurately reestablishing the magnification.
Another object of this invention is to provide a novel method for obviating the above-noted shortcoming of a zoom lens system, by projecting a reference or reticle image into the zoom lens setting for a given or selected magnification, and electronically recording and storing the optical image for use at a later date to re-establish the former magnification setting.
Other objects of the invention will be apparent hereinafter from the specification and from the recital of the appended claims, particularly when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Method and means for calibrating the magnification of zoom optical systems using reticle images


A speed change control method for an automatic transmission is provided, which is capable of reducing a shift shock and a required shifting time period. A skip down-shift from a first shift position to a second shift position is effected by way of a third shift position which is not used in a normal shifting. If it is determined that a difference (N.sub.TM -N.sub.T) between the present turbine rotation speed N.sub.T and the synchronous rotation speed N.sub.TM for the third shift position becomes smaller than a threshold value .DELTA.N.sub.FM during the shifting from the first shift position to the third shift position, a control for releasing a friction engaging element 23, corresponding to a releasing side speed-changing element of the third shift position, is started prior to establishment of the third shift position, whereby a time period for establishing the third shift position is shortened, so that a shift shock and a required shifting time period are reduced.

An automotive automatic transmission generally includes a transmission mechanism having planetary gears which include speed-changing elements (hereinafter referred to as gears) such as sun gears and planetary carriers, and hydraulic friction engaging elements such as hydraulic wet type multiple disk clutches and hydraulic band brakes (hereinafter referred to as clutches and brakes, respectively). In an automatic transmission of this type, a shift position connection is changed from a first speed to a second speed by releasing one(s) of the friction engaging elements associated with the first speed and by engaging another friction engaging element(s) associated with the second speed, to select gears which contribute to torque transmission, to thereby establish a desired shift position.
In recent years, in order to improve the drivability of automobiles and reduce the fuel consumption, attempts are made to further enhance the degree of electronic control for the automatic transmission and increase the number of shift positions or transmission stages. A typical multistage automatic transmission includes a main transmission mechanism having an existing transmission mechanism and a subsidiary transmission mechanism coupled in line, with respect to torque transmission, with the main transmission mechanism. Those two transmission mechanisms which contribute to torque transmission are combined in various manners, to thereby establish an arbitrary one of a required number of shift positions, e.g., five forward speeds and one reverse speed. For example, the speed position in the main transmission mechanism is changed over to effect a speed-changing operation among a first speed, a second speed, and a third speed, and the speed position in the subsidiary transmission mechanism is changed over to effect a speed-changing operation between the third speed and a fourth speed. Further, to carry out a speed-changing between the fourth speed and a fifth speed, the speed position in the main transmission mechanism is changed over, with the gear engagement state (torque transmission path) in the subsidiary transmission mechanism set to correspond to the fourth speed. In other words, by use of the subsidiary transmission mechanism, a switching is made between the lower-speed shift positions including the first through third speeds and the higher-speed shift positions including the fourth and fifth speeds.
In an electronic controlled automatic transmission, a shift map determined as a function of vehicle speed and a throttle valve opening degree, as shown in FIG. 8, is generally used to select a shift position. From this map, an optimum shift position (target shift position) suitable to detected values of the vehicle speed and throttle valve opening degree is selected. In the case of a kick-down at a rapid acceleration, the target shift position is generally determined by the throttle valve opening degree. That is, when the throttle valve opening degree traverses the 5-4 shift line or 4-3 shift line as shown in FIG. 8, a down-shift command is output. As a result, if the accelerator pedal is depressed by the driver and the throttle valve opening degree .theta. reaches the point B from the point A in FIG. 8, a down-shift is carried out from the fifth speed to the fourth speed. When the throttle valve opening degree .theta. reaches the point C from the point A, a so-called skip down-shift from the fifth speed to the third speed is effected.
On an occasion that a skip down-shift from the fifth speed to the third speed is effected in the aforementioned multi-stage automatic transmission, it is necessary to make the changeover of speed positions in both of the main and subsidiary transmission mechanisms. However, it is generally extremely difficult to simultaneously control a plurality of transmission mechanisms. For example, if both of the main and subsidiary transmission mechanisms are simultaneously controlled at the time of a skip down-shift, the release operation timing of the friction engaging element on the released side of the main and/or subsidiary transmission mechanism may be sometimes deviated from the optimum timing. In such a case, the turbine rotation speed of a torque converter of the automatic transmission (the rotation speed of the input shaft of the main transmission mechanism) rapidly rises. As a result, there is a fear that a large shift shock occurs or the concerned is broken when the friction engaging element on the engaging side of the main and/or subsidiary transmission mechanism is brought into engagement.
Further, in the automatic transmission, the speed change control is generally effected based on the outputs of two rotation speed sensors respectively indicating the rotation speeds of the input and output shafts of the transmission. However, the speed-changing condition in each of the main and subsidiary transmission mechanisms cannot be detected based on the outputs of the two sensors. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to simultaneously control the speed-changing operations in both of the transmission mechanisms based on the two sensor outputs. Provision of additional rotation speed sensors makes it possible to detect the speed-changing condition of each transmission mechanism, and, in turn, to simultaneously control a plurality of transmission mechanisms. In this case, however, the cost rises.
Conventionally, therefore, in order to carry out a skip down-shift, the speed position in the main transmission mechanism is first changed over, and then the changeover of the speed position is made in the subsidiary transmission mechanism. For example, for the down-shift from the fifth speed to the third speed, a method has been adopted in which the fourth speed is temporally established during the downshift, so that the downshift is carried out by way of the fourth speed. However, this type of speed change control method entails the following defects.
As is well known in the art, a hydraulic piston serving as driving means for a hydraulic friction engaging element has play or ineffective stroke. This requires a so-called play eliminating operation which must take place before the operation of releasing or engaging the clutch or brake is actually started. Therefore, even if a down-shift command for instructing a shifting to the third speed is issued immediately after temporarily establishing the fourth speed, the fourth speed is kept established during a time period in which the play eliminating operation is carried out. Further, to establish the fourth speed, it is necessary to make a time-consuming determination as to the synchronization of rotation speeds of the input and output shafts of the transmission. According to the conventional method in which a skip down-shift is made by effecting a one-step down-shift a plurality of times, a shift shock occurs each time the one-step down-shift is effected and a period of time required for shifting becomes longer. Therefore, the ride qualities and shift response are degraded.

Speed change control method for an automatic transmission

Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha


An elastic mounting apparatus for vibration-decoupled mounting of a turbocharger housing on an internal combustion engine. The mounting apparatus includes a clamping element with two spring elements arranged in a functionally serial relationship. The clamping element joins the housing and the internal combustion engine so as to allow relative vibration between the two. The first spring element includes an annular spring member made of elastomeric material and a second spring element formed by at least one disk spring. The clamping element is penetrated by a clamping screw, and the disk spring can be compressed by the clamping screw in such a way that its spring rate, after compression to the intended preload, is substantially zero. The housing is configured as a turbocharger housing with at least one intake pipe. The intake pipe is braced in a vibration-decoupled and sealing manner on the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine by a sealing element made of an elastomeric material. The clamping screw is threadable into the crankcase of the internal combustion engine. The disk spring includes a disk spring packet with at least four individual springs oriented opposite to one another.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention concerns an elastic mounting apparatus for the vibration-decoupled mounting of a housing on an internal combustion engine. The invention includes a clamping element with two spring elements arranged in a functionally serial relationship, such that the clamping element joins the housing and the internal combustion engine to allow relative vibration. The first spring element includes an annular spring member made of elastomeric material and a second spring element formed by at least one disk spring. The clamping element is penetrated by a clamping screw, and the disk spring can be compressed by the clamping screw in such a way that its spring rate, after compression to the intended preload, is substantially zero.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A mounting apparatus is shown in German Publication 41 25 249 A1. This mounting apparatus is provided for joining an intake pipe to an internal combustion engine, where the annular spring member is made of elastomeric material and is arranged in series with a disk spring made of metallic material. The disk spring is preloaded in such a way that its working point, on a spring force/spring travel diagram, lies on the horizontal portion of the substantially S-shaped spring characteristic curve. The working characteristics of the serially disposed spring elements are largely constant, irrespective of ambient temperature. A spring member made of flexible rubber material is provided for damping relatively low-frequency vibrations with large amplitudes, while acoustically troublesome vibrations are isolated by the preloaded disk spring.

Elastic mounting apparatus for mounting a turbocharger housing on an internal combustion engine


A method for disinfecting and sterilizing an animal tissue material and a corresponding soak solution for an animal tissue. The method includes placing the animal tissue material into an alkaline soak solution containing a metal peroxide and a detergent, and shaking; removing organic components released from microorganisms and animal tissue cells by soaking and washing in a neutral cleaning solution; washing the tissue matrix with a weak acidic cleaning solution; cryopreserving or freeze-drying the tissue matrix in a neutral solution. The soak solution for the animal tissue contains 0.01˜0.2% (w/v) of the metal peroxide and 0.05˜1.0% (w/v) of the detergent. The animal tissue pretreated by the method is advantageous to the preservation and further decellularization treatment of the tissue for manufacture of an intact scaffold material of a tissue matrix.

A decellularized matrix of a tissue and organ has been used for human tissue restoration, various tissue engineering studies and regenerative medicine researches. There are great similarity and homology in the extracellular matrices of tissues and organs of human bodies and many animals. A biological matrix material manufactured by decellularizing an allogeneic or xenogenic tissue and organ has been successfully used for repair and restoration of human tissues in clinical medicine. After a good matrix of a tissue and organ is implanted into the host, the matrix scaffold material provides an initial biomechanical support and regulates cell behavior (e.g., adherence, migration, proliferation and differentiation) by interacting with a host cell, and the matrix of the tissue and organ itself is gradually converted into a new tissue with ingrowth of the host cells.
After removal of original cell components of a tissue and organ of an animal, the matrix of the tissue and organ having a three-dimensional scaffold structure can also be re-cellularized and functionalized by incorporating human cells in vitro, thereby finally producing a tissue and organ which can be implanted into the human body.
A matrix of a tissue and organ is a three-dimensional scaffold composed of various complex structural proteins and functional proteins, and comprises many other active complexes. Main components include collagenous fiber, glycoprotein, mucoprotein, and the like, and other components include saccharides such as glycosaminoglycan (hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate), some lipids and growth factors. A process procedure for manufacturing the matrix of the tissue and organ is very complex, including processes such as collection, preservation, washing, disinfection, decellularization, antigenicity reduction, virus inactivation and terminal sterilization of the tissue and organ, and the like. Among these processes, the disinfection and sterilization treatment of the animal tissue causes great damage on the matrix of the tissue and organ, which severely changes biochemical constituents of the matrix of the tissue and organ while inactivating bacteria and viruses, thereby disrupting the three-dimensional ultrastructures and altering biomechanical properties. These changes influence the response of the host to the implanted matrix material, and possibly result in the less desirable clinical outcomes of the product of the tissue matrix, and thus making it difficult to achieve proper human tissue repair.
The method for disinfection, sterilization and virus inactivation of the material of the animal tissue is used throughout each process step of the manufacture process for the scaffold of the tissue matrix. Currently, applicable methods mainly relate to several methods as follows. The first one is a physical method, which decreases the number of bacteria and fungi by flushing and diluting, and operates under a sterile environment to prevent a re-infection; the second one is to add a microbial growth inhibitor and an antibiotic in a preparation solution; the third one is to incorporate a special sterilization step into the preparation process procedure, so as to control the number of bacteria; and the fourth one is terminal sterilization treatment of the product. The sterilization method in the preparation process procedure is to treat with a chemical oxidant (peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide or iodine solution, or the like), alcohol, or acid or base (acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide). The test results indicate that these commonly used methods for disinfection and sterilization treatment have different degrees of damage on the tissue matrix. One of the issues required to be further studied in the field of tissue engineering science and biological material science is how to disinfect, sterilize, and inactivate viruses more effectively, without damaging the original basic structure of the extracellular tissue matrix, and changing the main biochemical constituents and biomechanical properties.

Method for animal tissue material disinfection and sterilization and corresponding animal tissue soak solution

Beijing Ruijian Gaoke Biotechnology Co., Ltd.


A data processing device includes a keypad including a number of keys and appropriate driver components to provide a capability to the data processing device to be used as a mobile phone, a computer and a television, a hinge, and a display unit physically coupled to the keypad through the hinge to enable movement thereof toward and away from the keypad such that the data processing device is in a closed state when a plane of a screen of the display unit faces and contacts a plane of the keypad and in an open state when the plane of the screen of the display unit is approximately perpendicular to the plane of the keypad. The hinge further enables movement of the display unit thereabout such that the plane of the screen of the display unit is away from the keypad in the open state when rotated 180° about the hinge.

A data processing device (e.g., a mobile phone, a laptop computer) may be limited in utility thereof. For example, a user of a mobile phone may also possess a laptop computer and/or a television. The user may carry both the laptop computer and the mobile phone to work as the laptop computer may include valuable work data and the mobile phone may include phone numbers of contacts thereof. The laptop computer may be bulkier than the mobile phone and, therefore, the process of carrying both the devices may subject the user to inconvenience. Further, the user may forget to carry the mobile phone when mentally occupied.
In an example scenario where the user is on vacation and traveling in a car, the user may desire to watch a film or two scheduled on television to while away the driving time. The mobile phone of the user may not provide a capability therefor. Even though the mobile phone of the user may be a smart phone offering processing and/or storing facilities, the user may be limited by functionalities associated therewith.

Functionally interchangeable data processing device having a rotatable display unit


Apparatus for the apportioned release or metered dosing of flowable substances, including a distributor having a movable endless sleeve with a plurality of continuous openings for the passage of the substances, with the distributor having a distribution channel that is fed with these substances and has an inlet with a plurality of bores connected with an outwardly open recess that extends transversely to the direction of movement of the sleeve with the substances being deposited in portions or doses, via the recess, downwardly through openings in the sleeve, upon means for transporting, wherein within and along the distribution channel, a distribution conduit is arranged which includes an exit remote from the recess, with a flow of the substances occurring through the exit transversely to the distribution conduit.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains to an apparatus for the apportioned release or metered dosing of flowable substances or masses with, in particular, a stationary distributor or drum member having, in cross section, at least a rounded outer region relative to which an endless sleeve is moveable.
2. Discussion of Background and Material Information
In the chemical industry, the food industry as well as other industrial fields, there is a need to apportion or meter flowable substances of differing viscosities, and as a rule subsequently solidifying these portions. With thermoplastic substances it is entirely sufficient to cool down fluid droplets, that is portions thereof, on, for example, a transport belt or band that is arranged below the apparatus. In the food industry it may well be desired to subsequently, for example, to subject these portions to a thermal treatment, such as in a baking oven.
Quite a few apparatuses, for the apportioned release or metered dosing of flowable substances, are known in the art. The operating principle of all these apparatuses is that the substances or masses are conveyed in a flowable state or kept in such a state and a flow stream thereof is interrupted. This interruption of the fluid stream can, for example, be accomplished in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 3,208,101 in that a discontinuous fluid stream is produced via the use of a gear pump. After separation of the fluid stream into individual portions, these portions are received on a movable receiver area that is located underneath the substance exit or is received by other transport means, such as for example a gas stream, a fluidized bed or the like.
A further apparatus for the apportioning of flowable masses is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,979,764 and utilizes a container which holds a flowable mass. This container, which is circular in cross section, includes a lower frontal area having a plurality of bores. Rotating within this container is a blade or impeller which alternately opens and closes the openings so that, depending upon the viscosity of the fluid and the rotational speed of the impeller, the amount or size of the individually released or metered portions is so determined.
European Patent Publication No. 0,145,839 describes a further apparatus for the apportioned or metered release of flowable masses. Herein, a container, circularly-shaped in cross section, is utilized, around which an additional circularly-shaped drum is rotatable adjacent to the outer surface of the container. This container has an approximately horizontal axis and has, on its lower portion, an exit opening for the masses. This exit opening includes an exchange or distribution piece which includes a slot-shaped opening that cooperates with the outer cylinder and which itself is fed or supplied with the mass via a large number of bores arranged in rows. When using differing viscosities, or during obstructions or breakdowns, the distribution piece cooperating with the cylinder can be exchanged, for example, for one having bores of a smaller diameter or for cleaning purposes.
Disadvantages of the known apparatuses are that adaption for differing viscosities can only be achieved with an increase effort and with extended down times of the apparatus. In addition, as is known, the viscosity of such masses is greatly dependent upon their temperature, wherein even if the masses enter into the apportioning apparatus at a very exact predetermined temperature, it is, in part, difficult to control the cooling within the apparatus.
The known substance distributors or drum members are constructed so that high additions of heat can, due to geometric reasons, be added only with difficulty. Too high a temperature, such as for example of heat exchange media, must be avoided since, as is known, the substances to be apportioned, have low heat conductivities whereby, on one hand a high temperature gradient is caused within the flowing stream of substances while, on the other hand, in the immediate heat transfer areas decomposition of the substances to be apportioned can occur.

Apparatus for the apportioned release of flowable substances


Methods are provided for detecting fetal chromosomal aberrations by detecting statistically-significant differences between normal and aberrant chromosomes.

Typically, prenatal diagnostic tests include fetal karyotype analysis. Traditional methods rely on invasive techniques, such as amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, both of which incur some risk of fetal injury or loss. See, e.g., Sundberg, et. al., Lancet, 350: 697-703 (1997). As an alternative to sampling the fetal environment, current techniques often involve isolating fetal cells from maternal blood. See, e.g., Liou, et al., Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 7: 237-241 (1994). Nucleated red blood cells are reported to be a good cell type for analysis because those cells have sufficient DNA for analysis, they are present in maternal blood, they are easily identified based on their morphology, and they have a known gestational life span. Lamvu, et al., Obstet. Gynecol. Surv., 52: 433-437 (1997).
Whether taken from chorionic villi, amniotic fluid, or maternal blood, samples commonly are karyotyped to determine chromosomal abnormalities, such as aneuploidies. Cytogenic techniques with high-resolution banding frequently have been used for diagnosis of gross fetal chromosomal abnormalities. However, small chromosomal abnormalities (i.e., those involving changes of less than about 5 million base pairs) are difficult, if not impossible, to detect using gross cytogenetic tests. Accordingly, preferred techniques for diagnosis of both gross abnormalities and smaller nucleic acid mutations include molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). For example, fetal cells from maternal blood have been isolated using density gradient centrifugation, and magnetic cell sorting, and counted using FISH. Jansen, et al., Prenat. Diagn., 17(10): 953-959 (1997). The FISH technique, either alone, or in conjunction with fluorescent polymerase chain reaction, has become a primary technique for diagnosis of prenatal genetic abnormalities in samples from chorionic villi, amniotic fluid, blood, and whole cells, obtained, for example, from transcervical sampling. While FISH is adequate for screening for common chromosomal aneuploidies, such as trisomy 21, trisomy 13, XXY, and monosomy X, it is not useful for detecting chromosome deletions or rearrangements, which are common in, for example, chromosomes 12, 14, and 17. Lamvu, supra.
Accordingly, further techniques are necessary and desirable for detecting fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Such techniques are presented herein.

Methods for the detection of chromosomal aberrations


Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method and apparatus for recognizing a face. A specific embodiment of the method includes: acquiring at least two facial images of a to-be-recognized face under different illuminations using a near-infrared photographing device; generating at least one difference image based on a brightness difference between each two of the at least two facial images; determining a facial contour image of the to-be-recognized, face based on the at least one difference image; inputting the at least two facial images, the at least one difference image, and the facial contour image into a pre-trained real face prediction value calculation model to obtain a real face prediction value of the to-be-recognized face; and outputting prompt information for indicating successful recognition of a real face, in response to determining the obtained real face prediction value being greater than a preset threshold.

Facial recognition is a biometric technology for identification based on facial feature information. A series of related technologies for capturing an image or a video stream containing a face by a camera, automatically detecting and tracking the face in the image, and then performing recognition on the detected face, are usually referred to as facial recognition.
The existing facial recognition method usually determines the identity of a to-be-recognized face for subsequent actions after analyzing and processing the acquired face image.

Method and apparatus for recognizing face

Baidu Online Network Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.


A phase change device includes a first contact electrode structure a phase change material and a first insulating material between the phase change material and the first contact electrode structure and a second contact electrode in contact with the phase change material. A contact structure formed in the first insulating material between the first contact electrode structure and the phase change material is also included. The contact structure is formed by an insulating material breakdown process. A method of forming a phase change device is also described.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to memory systems, and more particularly, to methods, systems and apparatus for phase change memory cells.
2. Description of the Related Art
The general concept of utilizing electrically writable and erasable phase change materials (i.e., materials that can be electrically switched between generally amorphous and generally crystalline states) for electronic memory applications is well known in the art. A typical phase change material is a material that has two general states: a generally amorphous state and a generally crystalline state. The phase change material can include one or more chalcogenide compounds that at least partly include one or more of the following materials: Te, Se, Sb, Ni, and Ge and various combinations thereof. The typical phase change material can be switched from one state to the other by passing an electrical current through the phase change material to cause it to change states. Typically in the first state (e.g., amorphous state), the phase change material has a relatively high resistance and in the second state (e.g., the crystalline state), the phase change material has a relatively low resistance. As the state of the phase change material can only be changed by application of energy, then the phase change material is generally non-volatile in that it does not require energy to maintain its current state. Further, because the resistance of the phase change material varies with the state, then the phase change material can be reliably used to store binary data such as may be used for a memory cell in a computer or other binary data storage usage.
A traditional phase change memory cell structure includes a transistor or diode as a steering element, in series with the phase change memory element. FIG. 1A shows a prior art phase change memory cell array 100. Four memory cells 110A-110D are included in the memory cell array 100. Each memory cell 110A includes a transistor 102, as a steering element, and one phase change device 104 as a memory element. FIG. 1B shows another prior art phase change memory cell array 150. Four memory cells 160A-160D are included in the memory cell array 150. A diode 152 is used as the steering element instead of the transistor 102. The need of a steering element increases the overall size, cost, complexity and power consumption of a phase change memory cell.
A generally small contact structure at one end of the phase change device 104 is typically preferred. A smaller contact structure can yield a smaller overall device size, thereby allowing a more densely packed integrated circuit of such phase change memory cells. More importantly, however, a smaller contact area can also yield a lower switching current and consequently a lower overall switching power consumption. However, the manufacturing processes required to form such a small contact structure is very complicated and therefore has a relatively high process cost.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need for a simpler, smaller, more power efficient and more easily manufactured phase change device that can be more efficiently used such as in a phase change memory cell.

Structure for phase change memory and the method of forming same


A device for deviating an electromagnetic beam. The device includes a mirror for reflecting the electromagnetic beam; and first, second and third magnets for generating a magnetic field. The second magnet is located between the first and third magnets. The device further includes a winding which is located within the magnetic field and which is fixed to the mirror. An elastic support is provided for elastically supporting the mirror with respect to the second magnet. Electric current is supplied through the winding to cause the mirror to oscillate with respect to the magnets.

The present invention relates to an oscillating mirror device for the deviation of electromagnetic beams.
We know that devices related to galvanometers have been for some time installed in different technical sectors: such as the first oscilloscopes being operated with oscillating mirrors.
Such devices are generally made up of rotating mirrors mounted on an axis and piloted by either high speed motors, or by electromagnets.
The need to increase the performance of these systems has brought applicants toward the finalization of a device susceptible of having an easily controlled and modulated mirror oscillating at high speed.

Device with oscillating mirrors for deviating electromagnetic beams


An electro-catalytic honeycomb for controlling exhaust emissions, which adopts to purify a lean-burn exhaust, comprises a honeycomb structural body, a solid-oxide layer and a cathode layer. The honeycomb structural body includes an anode, a plurality of gas channels, and a shell. The anode is formed as a backbone, the gas channels are formed inside the backbone for passing the exhaust, and the shell covers an outer surface of the anode. The solid-oxide layer is adhered to an inner surface of the anode and connects the shell so as to encapsulate the anode. The cathode layer is adhered to a tube wall of the solid-oxide layer and has an oxidizing environment. The anode has a reducing environment. The reducing and the oxidizing environment facilitate an electromotive force to occur between the anode and the cathode layer to promote a decomposition of nitrogen oxides of the exhaust into nitrogen and oxygen.

Fresh and clean air is essential for human health. Science and technology has promoted economical development. However, the exhausts of vehicles and factories, especially motor vehicles and heavy industry factories, seriously pollute the air.
The emission standard of motor vehicles has been increased persistently. However, the continuously increasing motor vehicles still brings about more and more serious air pollution. In a motor vehicle, the engine thereof burns fuel and converts chemical energy into mechanical energy. The burning process of fuel generates the polluting constituents, including nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs), and particulate matter (PM), which would form photochemical smog, deplete ozone, enhance the greenhouse effect, cause acid rain, damage the ecological environment and finally danger human health.
Carbon monoxide comes from incomplete combustion. The capability of carbon monoxide to combine with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) is 300 times higher than the capability of oxygen to combine with hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin (HbO2). Therefore, too high a concentration of carbon monoxide would degrade the capability of hemoglobin to transport oxygen. Nitrogen oxides are generated by the combination of nitrogen and oxygen and mainly in form of nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Reaction of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons is induced by ultraviolet ray, generating poisonous photochemical smog, which has a special odor, irritates eyes, harm plants, and reduces the visibility of the ambient air. Nitrogen oxides can react with water in the air to form nitric acid and nitrous acid, which are the constituents of acid rain. Hydrocarbons can irritate the respiratory system even at lower concentration and will affect the central nervous system at higher concentration. Particulate matter can danger human health and can even cause cancer.
Therefore, many nations, including EU, USA, Japan and Taiwan, have regulated stricter emission standards for nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matter, such as BINS of USA and EURO 6 of EU, which not only regulate the emissions of the polluting constituents but also encourage the manufacturers to develop, fabricate or adopt the newest pollution control technologies and apparatuses.
A U.S. Pat. No. 5,401,372 disclosed an "Electrochemical Catalytic Reduction Cell for the Reduction of NOx in an O2-Containing Exhaust Emission", which is dedicated to removing nitrogen oxides, wherein an electrochemical-catalytic reducing reaction and a vanadium pentaoxide (V2O5) catalyst convert nitrogen oxides into nitrogen. However, the prior art needs an electric source to power an electrochemical cell. Therefore, the prior art consumes power and cannot eliminate other polluting constituents simultaneously.
A U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/362,247 disclosed an "Electrocatalytic Tube of Electrochemical-Catalytic Converter for Exhaust Emissions Control", which can eliminate nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs), and particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust, and which comprises the electrocatalytic tubes that can be assembled to form a honeycomb monolith to be an advanced electrochemical-catalytic converter, wherein the nitrogen oxides are decomposed into nitrogen and oxygen, and wherein carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and particulate matter are oxidized into water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, the prior art can eliminate multiple polluting constituents simultaneously without consuming power or reducing gas.
However, the honeycomb monolith of the abovementioned "Electrochemical-Catalytic Converter" needs one half of the channels to be sealed to form the electrocatalytic tubes; this decreases the treating area, in comparison to the conventional honeycomb as automotive catalytic converter, and also increases the fabrication cost. Therefore, the prior art has room to be improved.

Electro-catalytic honeycomb for exhaust emissions control