A dry multilayer element for assaying salicylate is disclosed.

The determination of salicylate in biological fluids such as human serum, has diagnostic significance. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is used as an analgesic and as an anti-inflammatory drug for arthritis. It rapidly hydrolyzes to salicylate which has the therapeutic affect and a long half life. The therapeutic level as an analgesic is up to 20 mg/dl. For arthritis the level is up to 30 mg/dl. Problems such as headaches, tinnitus, flushing and hyperventilation occur at higher salicylate levels followed by imbalances in the acid-base level. Salicylate levels above 60 mg/dl can be lethal.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,416,983 discloses a solution method for the determination of salicylate in body serums. The method is based on the following chemical reaction: ##STR1## The method as carried out in U.S. Pat. No. 4,416,983 is a wet assay in which the two chemical reactions listed above are carried out simultaneously in one vessel. That is, all the chemical reagents needed to conduct the reactions are included in a single solution to which the salicylate contained in the sample is added.
That method as disclosed is not adaptable for dry analytical elements. The problem is that elements in which all of the reagents are included in a single layer as taught by U.S. Pat. No. 4,416,983, have poor storage life. Work in our labs has shown that the life of the element as measured by its ability to respond to salicylate in a sample, is very short. The salicylate hydroxylase activity drops upon continued exposure to the hydrazone coupling agent. This problem on the solution thereto is not taught in any of the prior art of which the inventors are aware.

Dry analytical element for assaying salicylate


A resinous material suitable for the fabrication of laminated structures comprising a first layer of resin and at least one second layer of filled resin contiguous with the first layer, the second layer being flowable under a compressive force. In the manufacture of a reticulated laminated structure of substantially uniform thickness, the thickness of the second layer varies in accordance with the number of first layers overlying one another at crossover nodes in the reticulated structure, with the second layer flowing from between the plies of the first layer at the nodes due to compressive forces applied to achieve such substantially uniform thickness.

In the manufacture of reticulated structures, such as geodesic structures, it is desirable to be able to take advantage of the unique characteristics of advanced composite materials, such as thermosetting resins, having unidirectional filaments therein oriented parallel to the axis of discrete load paths in such structures. A multiple of laminate bars formed from fibers and resin laid in the above arrangement will result in a redundant structure, with the fibers being continuous and loads being transferred from one bar to another through shear at their intersections. One of the chief requirements in the design and fabrication of viable geodesic structures is the stabilization of the individual plies of the bars between the nodal intersections. If the structure is composed of two intersecting bars, each bar consisting of one or more alternately laid down plies, then there is a gap created between the plies in the bars between the nodal intersections equal in thickness to that of one ply. Similarly, if the structure is composed of three intersecting bars then there is a gap created between the plies in the bars equal in thickness to that of two plies. The resultant structure is thus unstable and also quite non-uniform in thickness. In order to manufacture a reticulated structure which is stable and which is substantially uniform in thickness, any resinous material used to fill the gaps between the plies comprising the bars must completely fill the gaps and must be absent at the nodal intersections. In addition, since the load bearing and transferring capabilities of such resinous material are necessarily low, the presence of such resinous material at the nodal intersections causes the reticulated structure to be substantially weaker. One technique which has been employed to fill the gaps between the plies of the bars between the nodal intersections has been the application of wet resin. It has been found, however, that the resin flows excessively during the process of manufacturing the geodesic structure and that a great many voids occur in the finished laminate arising during the curing cycle. A second technique which has been used is to insert strips of a resinous medium between the plies of the bars between the nodal intersections or to cut away the resinous medium at the intersections. The laying in or cutting away of this resinous medium, however, adds a costly hand-laying step to the fabrication process and also introduces compatibility problems into the cure cycle. It is also quite apparent that the above techniques for fabricating a reticulated structure using resinous materials do not lend themselves readily to continuous winding or tape-laying procedures.
Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to provide a resinous material suitable for the fabrication of laminated structures.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a resinous material suitable for the fabrication of reticulated structures having a substantially uniform thickness.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a resinous materials which can be used in a winding or tape-laying process for the fabrication of reticulated structures having a substantially uniform nodal and internodal thickness.


A power transmission device of a work vehicle has an input shaft, an output shaft, a gear mechanism, and an electric motor. The gear mechanism has a planetary gear mechanism and transmits the rotation of the input shaft to the output shaft. The electric motor is connected to a rotating element of the planetary gear mechanism. The power transmission device is configured to change the rotation speed ratio of the output shaft with respect to the input shaft by changing the rotation speed of the electric motor. A control unit has a target torque determination unit and a target torque correcting unit. The target torque determination unit determines a target torque of the electric motor. The target torque correcting unit corrects the target torque according to a correction torque based on a moment of inertia of the electric motor.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a work vehicle and a method for controlling the work vehicle.
Background Information
A work vehicle provided with a power transmission device (referred to hereinbelow as a "torque converter-type transmission") having a torque converter and a multi-stage speed change gear is well known as a work vehicle, such as a wheel loader. However, recently electric-mechanical transmissions (EMT) have become known as power transmission devices in place of torque converter-type transmissions. As disclosed in Japanese Laid-open Patent 2006-329244, an EMT has a gear mechanism and a motor connected to a rotating element of the gear mechanism, and a portion of the driving power from the engine is converted to hydraulic pressure and transmitted to a travel device, and the remaining portion of the driving power is mechanically transmitted to the travel device.
The EMT is provided with a planetary gear mechanism and an electric motor, for example, to allow continuous speed variation. The first element among the three elements of a sun gear, a carrier, and a ring gear of the planetary gear mechanism is coupled to an input shaft, and the second element is coupled to an output shaft. The third element is coupled to the electric motor. The electric motor functions as either a motor or a generator in response to the travel state of the work vehicle. The EMT is configured to enable stepless changing of the rotation speed of the output shaft by changing the rotation speed of the electric motor.

Work vehicle and method for controlling work vehicle


An improved method of performing optical beam induced current imaging of semiconductor junctions. According to the method, a single wired contact to an integrated circuit (for example through use of a conventional conductive probe) is made at a point that makes electrical contact to a first side of a junction to be analyzed. A first line connects the wired contact to an amplifier, and a second line carries return current from the amplifier to a ground connection. A capacitive return connection is then used to couple return current from a second side of the junction to ground. The actual value of capacitance in the return connection is not of fundamental importance in the practice of the invention, but generally larger capacitance values are preferred and allow increased induced current flow. An increase in the optical beam power also results in more induced current being generated. This causes a faster decay and results in a better signal-to-noise ratio at a higher scanning beam rate. With the connections described above to the amplifier and the processing circuitry, a pulsed particle or optical beam is applied to the junction. In response to the pulsed beam, the junction generates a corresponding pulse of induced current. Since the current in response to the pulsed beam has an alternating current component, it passes through the capacitive junction return connection as well as through the single wired contact to the amplifier. The amplifier outputs a magnified replica of the current which is then analyzed by the processing circuit to provide a useful form of data for analysis of the junction.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for optical beam induced current investigation in integrated circuits, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for optical beam induced current investigation that requires only one contact with the circuit through use of intrinsic system capacitance as an electrical return path.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
It is well known in the art that if an optical beam impinges on a semiconductor junction, a current will be generated by the junction. The current is due to a built-in potential in every semiconductor junction as a result of band bending. This phenomena has been used extensively to image semiconductor junctions in the areas of general semiconductor device analysis and semiconductor failure analyses. Prior art methods require the connection of both ends of a junction to a direct current/low frequency current detection and processing circuitry. Due to the difficulty in making these connections on the interior of an integrated circuit, it is impractical or impossible to analyze junctions that do not have both ends connected to lines leading to external contacts.
The problem is illustrated in FIG. 1. An integrated circuit 10 is shown with two diodes 12 and 14 symbolically represented. Diode 12 has both ends connected to lines leading to external contacts 16 and 18 that can be easily accessed for analysis. In contrast, the ends of diode 14 do not connect to an xe2x80x9cexternalxe2x80x9d contact. In order to analyze diode 14, prior art methods require the use of probes 20 and 22. Positioning these probes is a very precise and time consuming operation and therefore undesirable.
FIG. 1 also illustrates the prior art process of imaging. An optical beam 24 of constant signal strength is shown impinging on diode 14. In response, diode 14 generates a current that flows through conductor 26 to the current amplifier circuit 28 and back through return line 30. The output 32 of the amplifier 28 is then received by the signal processor 34 wherein the signal is detected, and in response the processor provides an output indicative of the current and corresponding junction status.
From the above description of the prior art, it is apparent that there is a need for an improved method and apparatus for imaging junctions that are located on the interior of an integrated circuit.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for performing optical beam induced current imaging of semiconductor junctions.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for performing optical beam induced current imaging of semiconductor junctions located interior on integrated circuits without the need for probing of interior portions of the circuit.
It is a still further object of the present inventions to provide an improved method and apparatus for performing optically induced current imaging of semiconductor junctions that require only a single wired contact with the integrated circuit.
Briefly, a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes an improved method of performing optical beam induced current imaging of semiconductor junctions. According to the method, a single wired contact to an integrated circuit (for example through use of a conventional conductive probe) is made at a point that makes electrical contact to a first side of a junction to be analyzed. A first line connects the wired contact to an amplifier, and a second line carries return current from the amplifier to a ground connection. A capacitive return connection is then used to couple return current from a second side of the junction to ground. The actual value of capacitance in the return connection is not of fundamental importance in the practice of the invention, but generally larger capacitance values are preferred and allow increased induced current flow. With the connections described above to the amplifier and the processing circuitry, a pulsed optical beam is applied to the junction. In response to the pulsed beam, the junction generates a corresponding pulse of induced current. Since the current in response to the pulsed beam has an alternating current component, it passes through the capacitive junction return connection as well as through the single wired contact to the amplifier. The amplifier outputs a magnified replica of the current which is then analyzed by the processing circuit to provide a useful form of data for analysis of the junction.
An advantage of the present invention is that it provides a method and apparatus for rapid performance of optical beam induced current imaging of semiconductor junctions.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it avoids the need to probe individual junctions on an integrated circuit in order to perform optical beam induced current imaging.
A further advantage of the present invention is that it substantially reduces the labor and corresponding cost of performing optical beam induced current imaging of semiconductor junctions on an integrated circuit.

Pulsed single contact optical beam induced current analysis of integrated circuits


In a high ratio planetary transmission which includes in a housing coaxial input and output shafts and wherein a first sun roller structure is part of one of the shafts and disposed within the housing, a first traction ring is disposed within the housing around the first sun roller structure in spaced relationship therefrom, and a number of planetary traction rollers are supported in the space between the sun roller structure and the first traction ring, each traction roller has two sections of different diameters, one in engagement with the first traction ring and with the sun roller structure and the other being in engagement with a second traction ring which is operatively connected for rotation with the other of the input and output shafts.

The invention relates to a planetary type transmission with a high transmission ratio.
Such high ratio transmissions are needed for converting rotary motion of a high speed motor shaft, for example, for low speed, high torque applications.
In order to achieve extremely high transmission ratios it is generally necessary to use several transmission stages. This can also be achieved however by a differential arrangement of a planetary transmission with planetary gears having each two sections of different diameters, that is, with a slightly different number of teeth, wherein the sun gear of the planetary transmission and a stationary gear ring each is in engagement with one diameter section and a rotatable gear ring which is connected to the transmission output shaft is in engagement with the other diameter section of the planetary gears. The smaller the difference between the two diameter sections the larger is the transmission ratio, the largest ratio being present if the difference between the two diameter sections is only one tooth. It is noted however that such transmissions develop such large torques that they require a shear pin or a slipping clutch to protect the transmission from overloads in extreme overload situations, for example, if the load locks up.
It is the object of the present invention to provide such a differential type high ratio planetary type transmission which is inherently protected from overloads, which permits to provide for any design ratio and which is relatively inexpensive to manufacture.


The headlight unit has at least one low beam headlight and at least one high beam headlight. The headlight unit is constructed so that it fulfills the different sets of legal regulations for the high beam in both the U.S.A. and Europe. According to the regulations in the U.S.A. the high beam produced by the high beam headlight must have a maximum light intensity in the center of the high beam and at least one required light intensity on the opposing traffic side. The at least one required light intensity on the same traffic side is provided by the low beam propagated from the at least one low beam headlight. This low beam has an asymmetric light-dark boundary that is higher on the same traffic side than on the side of the opposing traffic. According to the European regulations a comparatively higher maximum light intensity is permitted in the center of the high beam and a comparatively lower light intensity is required in the lateral regions. These latter regulations are fulfilled by the high beam produced by the high beam headlight in the headlight unit according to the invention.

The present invention relates to a headlight unit for a vehicle, and, more particularly, to a headlight unit for a vehicle comprising at least one low beam headlight and at least one high beam headlight and in which a high beam is propagated by the at least one high beam headlight that fulfills legal regulations for a high beam at least together with the low beam propagated by the at least one low beam headlight.
This type of headlight unit is known from German Patent Application DE 42 38 273 A1. The headlight unit disclosed in this reference has at least one high beam headlight and at least one low beam headlight. A low beam that fulfills legal regulations is propagated by the at least one low beam headlight. In contrast to the low beam a strongly concentrated high beam is propagated by the at least one high beam headlight that fulfills legal regulations for a high beam at least together with the low beam. The legal regulations for the high beam are uniformly prescribed by ECE rules in the European Union. However there are other legal regulations for the high beam prescribed in the SAE rules in the United States of America. Lower maximum light intensities for the center of the high beam are permitted by the SAE regulations than by the ECE regulations. However in contrast to the ECE rules a comparatively stronger horizontal scattering is prescribed by the SAE rules. Usually respective special high beam headlights are developed and manufactured to fulfill the different legal regulations according to the SAE rules and the ECE rules. This however leads to large production and installation expenses for the different high beam headlights.

Headlight unit for a vehicle fulfilling at least two different sets of legal regulations


A gas recovery method and apparatus for the recovery and storage of a gas from a gas enclosure or circuit particularly for the recovery of sulphur hexafluoride (SF.sub.6) from the arc chamber of a high voltage/current circuit breaker. A gas bottle is connected via quick connect coupling and a non-return valve to the gas circuit or enclosure. The gas bottle is immersed in a liquid nitrogen environment in a Dewar flask thereby generating a self pumping action as the sulphur hexafluoride liquifies (or solidifies) within the gas bottle due to the temperature of the liquid nitrogen (-196.degree. C.) being well below the phase change temperature of the sulphur hexafluoride over the range of encountered vapor pressures. When the gas has been recovered, it is stored in the gas bottle which is returned to ambient temperature by removal from the liquid nitrogen and/or by immersion in a heated bath. The gas bottle is reconnected to the gas circuit when recharging of the circuit with the recovered SF.sub.6 is required.

This invention relates to gas recovery and is more specifically concerned with the recovery of gases from enclosures containing equipment which has to operate in a gaseous environment other than air.
There are many areas of technology in which fairly large equipment is required to operate in an atmosphere of a particular gas. One such area is the electrical supply industry where, for example, electric circuit breakers are often required to operate in an atmosphere of sulphur hexafluoride (SF.sub.6) gas.
Sulphur hexafluoride gas is relatively expensive and it is normally recovered and stored if equipment which normally works in the gas is to be serviced or repaired. As the equipment may be sited in remote areas, a portable assembly is used to recover the gas and to recharge the equipment with the gas after the equipment has been serviced or repaired. Such assembly comprises a large pump and a storage vessel normally mounted on a vehicle. The amount of gas to be recovered may be 200 kg or more, and, as it is normally at pressures between 4 and perhaps 20 atmospheres in the enclosure, the pump used must have a high capacity and the assembly is therefore a cumbersome and expensive piece of equipment, which is used only intermittently.


A computer storage DAT drive which detects the form of a DAT tape and provides an audio signal output in response to an audio DAT tape. The drive rewinds the tape and then plays the tape at a speed that is about 5 to 15 times normal playback speed. During such playback, the tape length is determined and the subcode information is read to determine the format of the tape being played back. If the subcode tape format information reliably indicates the presence of an audio tape, the speed of playback is reduced to normal playback, and audio data interface circuitry is enabled for processing the audio data and providing an audio output signal to a front panel audio jack, for example. If the tape is not recognized as an audio tape within the playback of a predetermined length of tape, playback speed is reduced to normal playback speed and reading of the subcode information continues. If the subcode tape format information indicates that the tape is a computer data storage tape, the tape is read in accordance with the appropriate data storage format. Otherwise, the tape is determined to be blank or erased tape, and playback is stopped.. A front panel eject pushbutton is utilized to provide basic controls for controlling the play of an audio tape, and front panel LEDs provide drive and cartridge status indications, including the presence of an audio format tape.

The disclosed invention is directed generally to computer storage digital audio tape (DAT) drives, and more particularly is directed to a computer data storage DAT drive that automatically recognizes the presence of audio data on a DAT tape and provides for proper playback of the audio tape.
Digital audio tape (DAT) technology, which was developed for audio programming, has been adapted for storage of computer data. An example of a format for the storage of computer data utilizing DAT technology is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Digital Data Storage (DDS) standard, presently in draft form ("PROPOSED AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD HELICAL-SCAN DIGITAL COMPUTER TAPE CARTRIDGE 381 mm (0.150 in) FOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE," ASC X3 Project No. 668-D).
The characteristics that have made DAT technology attractive for computer data storage include high capacity, high transfer rate capability, relatively small media size and low media cost, and the adaptability of DAT technology to conform with personal computer storage device form factors including the 51/4 and 31/2 inch forms.
The use of DAT technology for storage of computer data can be achieved by application of a data storage format, such as the above-referenced ANSI DDS format, to the DAT format. In particular, the DAT physical track format is retained, but the contents of the information stored in the tracks is in accordance with the computer data storage format.
As a result of the use of the DAT physical tape format, a computer storage DAT drive can provide some of the functions for reading DAT audio tapes. Thus, for example, a computer storage DAT drive would be able to extract the PCM data and the subcode information from a DAT audio tape, but typically would not recognize the tape. Nor would it have the capability of providing an audio output signal, either in digital or analog form.
A further consideration with format detection with a computer storage DAT drive is the procedure by which the tape format is detected. For example, pursuant to the DDS format, a tape is positioned near the beginning of the tape to permit unambiguous format detection, for example, for a re-recorded data tape that had been previously recorded with audio. On a DDS tape, the area containing format information is at some distance from the beginning of the tape media, and searching for the format detection area on a DAT data tape at normal playback speed takes a relatively long time. However, the format detection area on a DAT data tape is relatively small and thus cannot be read at high speeds such as .times.200 (200 times normal playback speed designated as .times.1).

Audio tape operation on a DAT data storage drive


A well safety system for controlling the flow of fluid through well conduits. The system includes a surface controlled subsurface safety valve made up as part of a tubing string extending from the well surface to a subsurface formation within a casing string. A packer, installed below the safety valve, forms a fluid tight seal between the tubing and casing to direct fluid from below the packer into the tubing. The safety valve contains lateral passageways which allow communication of fluid from the bore of the safety valve to the annulus between the tubing and casing above the packer. A valve actuator is releasably secured within the upper portion of the safety valve and forms a fluid tight seal between control fluid pressure in the tubing string above the safety valve and formation fluid pressure in the tubing string below the safety valve. The safety valve can be locked open when control pressure is increased above a preselected value and then released. The safety valve can be unlocked by returning control pressure to another preselected value. The valve actuator allows liquids to be injected from the surface to below the safety valve to kill the well. The tubing and seals within the valve actuator can be pressure tested when the valve actuator is initially installed within the safety valve without opening the safety valve.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to surface controlled subsurface safety valves for use in wells having a tubing string disposed within a casing string.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Surface controlled subsurface safety valves utilized in well installations are well known. Such valves are normally biased towards a closed position and held open by hydraulic fluid pressure or control pressure from the well surface. The hydraulic or control fluid may either be liquid or gas.
A typical valve is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,086,935 to George M. Raulins, et al, in which control pressure acts on a sliding seal or piston to overcome a spring and open the valve closure means. The valve is made up as part of the production tubing string having a common longitudinal bore. Thus, opening and closing the valve closure means controls fluid flow through the production tubing string.
Many wells have a casing string with a production tubing string disposed therein. Sometimes it is desirable to produce formation fluids through both the tubing and the annulus between the tubing and casing. U.S. Pat. No. 4,049,052 discloses an annulus safety valve to control flow in the annulus between tubing and casing and may include a tubing safety valve to control flow within the tubing.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,375,874 to V. R. Cherry, et al, discloses a subsurace safety valve particularly adapted for use in gas storage wells. The safety valve disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,375,874 requires a special conduit to direct control fluid from the well surface to the safety valve. The valve actuating means within the safety valve is not wireline retrievable. Both the tubing and the safety valve must be withdrawn from the well to repair a damaged seal within the actuating means shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,375,874.
The present invention is shown as a safety valve particularly adapted for use in gas storage wells with gas used as the control fluid. The present invention can be easily modified for use in any oil or gas well with either gas or liquid as the control fluid.


Pipe varnish compositions effective to inhibit corrosion of steel pipe over appreciable periods of time of storage of said steel pipe, said compositions comprising a thixotropic overbased calcium organic sulfonate calcium carbonate complex; and a drying oil such as linseed oils; a drier, preferably of the paint drier type, such as cobalt naphthenate, zirconium octoate and manganese salts or soaps, or mixtures thereof; and also containing at least one member of the group of epoxidized oils, polybutenes, and alkyd resins; and, optionally, such ingredients as waxes, petrolatums and resins.

The preparation of satisfactory or even reasonably satisfactory pipe varnish compositions for steel pipe during storage under atmospheric or weather conditions or the like has presented numbers of problems. Even today, in large plants which produce steel pipe, varnish compositions which are commercially used are commonly characterized, when applied to the steel pipe, by the usual spraying or otherwise coating of presently used pipe varnish compositions, by sagging which results in an uneven film build. In illustrative instances, the application of the pipe varnish compositions produce a film thickness of as little as 0.5 mils at the top of the pipe while, at the bottom of the pipe, there is literal dripping, creating undesirable "housekeeping" problems. Moreover, due to the marginal corrosion protection properties of various presently used pipe varnish compositions and the inconsistent and nonuniform film build, high rejection rates after outdoor storage of the varnished or coated steel pipe are encountered, being not uncommonly in excess of 30% after 6 months of outdoor storage. Such deficiencies have caused the rejection of appreciable amounts of steel pipe after outdoor storage with consequent substantial economic loss.
Traditional pipe varnishes comprise or consist of low cost quick drying alkyd resins cut back to about 50% solids with volatile organic solvents. Due to better solvency and a relatively fast evaporation rate a solvent such as xylene is commonly used. This choice of such solvents creates an extreme fire hazard in plant operations as the flash point is generally in the range of 70.degree.-85.degree. F. Such traditional pipe varnish compositions commonly have marginal corrosion resistance. They give only 100-200 hours salt fog protection at 1 mil dry film. The relatively low solids content and lack of any thixotropic character give traditional pipe varnish compositions bad film build and application characteristics. When spray applied to a hopefully consistent 2 mils film thickness, such pipe varnish compositions, as noted above, display very bad film sag (running) on curved surfaces. This results in low film thickness, as stated above, on the top of the pipe and an over-build and dripping of the pipe varnish composition on the bottom of the pipe.
Many efforts have been made over a substantial period of time to solve the problems and to attempt to arrive at suitable, or at least reasonably suitable, pipe varnish compositions. Certain of such efforts have involved the utilization in admixture with hydrocarbon resins such as ESCOREZ (Exxon Company) and with known volatile organic solvent-based wax-modified rust or corrosion-inhibiting compositions (hereafter referred to as "corrosion-inhibiting compositions") of the type of inorganic-organic complexes in the form of thixotropic overbased calcium organic calcium sulfonates complexed with calcium carbonate, and in certain cases in conjunction with one or more additional ingredients, particularly more than one, selected from the group of petrolatums; oxidized petrolatums; waxes such as slack wax, and crude or refined microcrystalline waxes (non-oxidized or oxidized); various resins; and the like. The thixotropic overbased calcium organic sulfonates sought to be so utilized are, per se, well known to the art as corrosion-inhibiting coating compositions, one well known group being sold under the registered trademark "SACI" (Witco Chemical Corporation, New York, N.Y.), being advantageously derived from alkyl benzene sulfonic acids in which alkyl contains from 12 to 30 carbon atoms. These thixotropic overbased organic sulfonates comprise, most advantageously, complexes of calcium organic sulfonates with crystalline calcium carbonate in colloidal or extremely finely divided form. While the use of such proposed pipe varnish compositions brings about certain improvements in relation to producing films having appreciably reduced sagging problems and in various other respects, other deficiencies, such as, for instance, the extent of resistance to deterioration in relation to ultraviolet light (U.V.) and inadequacy of film hardness, and also cost factors, has resulted in a failure commercially satisfactorily to meet the problems.

Pipe varnish compositions and use thereof


A printing apparatus includes a print head for inkjet printing, and a guide disposed opposing the print head and configured to guide a back surface of a sheet being conveyed in a first direction. The back surface is a reverse surface of a surface being printed. The printing apparatus further includes a receiving unit disposed opposing the print head and configured to receive ink outside the sheet being conveyed, and a mechanism configured to change a position of the guide in a second direction relative to the receiving unit being fixed, according to a size of the sheet to be used. The second direction crosses the first direction.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a printing apparatus configured to print data on a moving sheet.
2. Description of the Related Art
US Patent Application Publication 2007/0132799 discusses a technique relating to printing the data even on the edges of a sheet without generating blank spaces by an inkjet printing apparatus using a continuous sheet, i.e., so-called borderless printing. Since apart of ink is ejected even beyond the edges of a sheet during the borderless printing, movable ink receivers (90A and 90B) are provided outside a sheet to receive the ejected ink. The movable ink receivers and transport guides (92A and 92B) for supporting the edges of the sheet are configured to be displaced according to the width of the sheet to be used.
In the apparatus discussed in US Patent Application Publication 2007/0132799, the movable ink receivers and the transport guides are moved integrally with each other. However, it is not easy to quickly move the movable ink receivers due to their great masses and large volumes compared to the transport guides. Therefore, each time the width of a sheet is changed, a waiting time must be taken, which is required to move the movable ink receivers, thereby hindering the improvement of the total print throughput. Especially, when this printing technique is employed in a printing apparatus using a plurality of line heads, the size of a drive mechanism for moving the movable ink receivers increases.


A photo sharing method includes: receiving, from a user, a party photo sharing instruction regarding a to-be-shared party photo set, where the to-be-shared party photo set has party marker information and includes at least one party photo; acquiring a face recognition result by conducting face recognition on each party photo contained in the to-be-shared party photo set, and determining a face image set contained in the to-be-shared party photo set according to the face recognition result; determining, from each contact photo contained in a contact list, each target contact photo which matches with each face image in the face image set respectively; and sending the to-be-shared party photo set to each target contact respectively according to contact information corresponding to the each target contact photo.

Intelligent terminals have become a kind of electronic devices essential to people's daily life. When people go to a party or hang out with friends, they use a terminal device such as a smart mobile phone to take photos. Therefore, the intelligent terminal has become a main camera device.
In a party, each participant may take some photos, and share these photos with others in order to exchange photos photographed in this party. Typically, it is implemented by sending photos to each other manually. For example, A, B, C and D participate in a party and each of them takes some party photos respectively. A sends photographed photos to B, C and D respectively by means of communication modes such as WeChat™ or a text message or the like. In a similar way, B may also send photographed photos to A, C and D, and so does C or D.


A fluid handling system comprises a vessel having an interior, an outlet collector disposed in the vessel having a plurality of flow tubes disposed through its bottom, the flow tubes all having substantially identical lengths and substantially identical diameters and the flow tubes all having their upper ends at substantial identical elevations; and a level controller for maintaining a liquid level in the collector interior below the upper ends of the flow tubes. In a presently preferred embodiment, the flow tubes have a flow resistance which is very large compared to the flow resistance through the vessel, the flow tubes are substantially uniformally distributed across a horizontal cross section of the vessel, and the primary flow direction through the vessel is vertical.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to fluid handling systems, and more particularly to inlet distributors and outlet collectors for fluid containing vessels which substantially reduce short-circuiting of fluid flow through the vessel independently of a fluid flow rate through the vessel.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In many process vessels it is desirable to minimize short-circuiting of fluid flow directly between an inlet and outlet, and to make the fluid flow rate as uniform as possible throughout the volume of the vessel.
The typical approach of the prior art to minimizing short-circuiting is to provide an inlet distributor and/or an outlet collector which includes a header system having a plurality of openings therein distributed across the cross section of the vessel. Typical examples of such systems are seen in U.S. Pat. No. 3,141,000 to Turner, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,406,789 to Brignon.
Such systems can be effective when the flow rate through the vessel is capable of being maintained at a design rate. These systems are much less effective, however, if the flow rate through the vessel drops substantially below that for which the header system is designed. At substantially lower flow rates, the fluid flow will be primarily through openings closest to the inlet and outlet.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,029,584 to Takemoto discloses an intermittent flowing system which has a collector pipe with a plurality of similar branch pipes communicating the collector with the vessel interior. Pressure within the collector is intermittently varied to intermittently provide a uniform flow through the branch pipes. The Takemoto system is not capable of continuous flow.

Outlet collectors that are rate insensitive


The invention relates to agitating means for preventing the accumulation of particulate matter at the contaminate outlet orifices in a pump and centrifugal separator apparatus. The pump-separator apparatus includes a rotatable casing forming a chamber for centrifugally separating the oil, water and contaminant matter in an oil well production fluid. The clean oil is collected by a stationary pitot tube in the chamber, the clean water is drawn off at an outlet port near the outer periphery of the chamber, and the dirty water and contaminants are discharged through outlet orifices formed in the outer wall of the casing. The agitating means includes rotating jet ports for directing streams of pressurized fluid tangentially along the inner surface of the casing to agitate accumulations of separated solid contaminant matter thereby preventing the clogging of the outlet orifices.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to centrifugal separators and in particular to a method and apparatus for preventing the accumulation of centrifugally separated solid contaminant matter at the outlet passages in such separators.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Pitot pumps are a form of centrifugal pump and typically include a hollow rotatable casing disposed within a surrounding housing, means for delivering a fluid to be pumped to the casing, and a pitot tube fixed with respect to the casing for collecting fluid at a desired point in the casing spaced from its rotational axis. Such pumps also include a discharge sytem for receiving fluids from the pitot tube and for discharging the same at a desired pressure coaxially of the casing. Such pitot pumps are illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,795,459; 3,817,659; and 3,838,939, all of which are owned by the assignee of the present invention.
One use of pitot pumps is to supply pressurized fluid to a hydraulic pump located in the bore of an oil well for pumping oil out of the well into a suitable collection facility. In such an application, the fluid may be a portion of the oil produced from the well itself. Very often, however, the oil taken from the well contains contaminants which tend to wear and damage the pump. It has, therefore, been proposed to construct a pitot pump to function as both a pump and as a centrifugal separator, in which contaminants are removed from the oil as the oil is pumped. Such a pump is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,817,446.
Experience with pitot pumps-separators of this type has shown that sand and other solid or heavy viscous contaminants in the fluid tend to accumulate on the inner surface of the rotatable casing. Ducts or orifices are provided around the periphery of the casing to discharge the contaminants from the casing separately from the discharge of the fluid. However, the accumulation of contaminants on the inner surface of the casing often causes the ducts or orifices to become clogged or plugged. Such clogging of the contaminant discharge orifices is a major problem in centrifugal separators.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,036,427 discloses a combination pitot pump and centrifugal separator wherein a stationary stirrer vane assembly is utilized to prevent the build-up of contaminant matter on the inner surface of the rotatable casing. The vane assembly extends into close proximity to the casing inner surface, generating turbulence in the outermost extent of the casing to dislodge accumulated contaminant matter. The outer end portion of the vane assembly can be constructed to direct a jet of relatively clean fluid toward the inner surface of the rotatable casing. However,the relatively high speed of the contaminant containing fluid moving past the vane causes a high rate of wear at the end of the vane in these prior art devices.

Pump and centrifugal separator apparatus


Disclosed is a synchronous rectification type switching power supply apparatus, including: a transformer that receives input voltage on a primary side; a switching element that is to be turned on or off for rectifying current of a secondary coil of the transformer; a control circuit to drive the switching element. The control circuit includes a first timing detection circuit to detect first timing at which forward current flows through a body diode of the switching element, and a second timing detection circuit to detect second timing with counter electromotive voltage that is generated at an instant when the body diode is turned off. The control unit is to generate an on/off control signal for the switching element to turn on the switching element at the first timing, to turn off the switching element before the second timing and to bring off-timing of the switching element close to the second timing.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a power supply apparatus which generates DC power supply voltage, and to an insulation DC converter using a transformer, and more particularly, to a synchronous rectification type switching power supply apparatus which carries out rectification on a secondary side by synchronous rectification control.
2. Description of the Related Art
As a circuit which converts input voltage using a transformer and outputs DC voltage of different potential, there is an insulation DC converter as shown in FIG. 7. This converter is called a half bridge type converter. The converter uses diodes D1 and D2 for rectifying current flowing from a secondary coil, and alternately charging a smoothing capacitor Co with current rectified by the diodes, thereby producing DC voltage. A circuit structure of such a diode bridge type rectifier circuit is simple, but there is a problem that rectification loss Vf·I is generated by forward voltage Vf of the diodes and current I flowing through the diodes.
Hence, as shown in FIG. 8, there is proposed an invention concerning a synchronous rectification type DC converter in which the diodes are replaced by MOSFET SW1 and SW2 having small on resistance, the MOSFET is on/off controlled by synchronous control to carry out the rectification (e.g., Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Publication No. 2001-292571).
In the synchronous rectification type converter described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Publication No. 2001-292571, a sense resistor Rs is connected to switching MOSFET SW1 and SW2 in series, on/off timing of the SW1 and SW2 is detected by voltage reduction of the resistor, thereby generating a control signal. Therefore, the losses at the MOSFET SW1 and SW2 are small, but a loss is generated by the sense resistor Rs. In order to reduce this loss to a negligible value, it is necessary to reduce the resistance value, but there is a problem that if the resistance is reduced, voltage drop becomes small, and therefore, a precise and complicated detection circuit (comparator) is required.
To reduce the loss, the present inventors have invented a method for producing on/off control signals of SW1 and SW2 by detecting voltage between source and drain of the switching MOSFET SW1 and SW2 instead of connecting the sense resistor Rs. According to this method, however, there is a problem that since the voltage reduction caused by resistance component (usually a few mΩ) of the MOSFET having only on resistance having negligible loss is extremely small, there is a problem that a precise and stable detection circuit (comparator) having small variation is required.

Switching power supply apparatus with low loss synchronous rectification


In the event that a moving body (e.g. a person, a car, etc.) is outfitted with a video camera or with a camera-equipped device (e.g. a tablet or a mobile phone), the system described in one aspect is able to understand the motion of the moving by analyzing the video frame sequence captured by the camera. This means that the system can categorize the motion of the body-carrying camera to one of several types (e.g., is this a person walking? is this a person running? etc.), understand the nature of the moving body holding the camera-equipped device (e.g. Is this a car?, Is this a person? etc.) and even to identify the moving body (which car?, which person? etc.).

1. Field
An exemplary embodiment of this invention relates to the field of motion analysis and understanding. More specifically one exemplary embodiment relates at least to a method and a system capable of analyzing and understanding the motion that a body, carrying a device equipped with a camera of any kind, undertakes using the video sequence that the camera captures. Another exemplary embodiment of this invention relates to a method and a system capable of distinguishing the environment that the body carrying the camera-equipped device is in and even identifying the person that operates the camera-equipped device.
2. Background
Camera motion analysis and understanding is an important part of understanding video content, and plays a significant role in video browsing, retrieval, editing, printing, etc., in many multimedia systems, including personal computers (PCs), stationary or portable digital entertainment systems, cameras, and mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, etc.
Existing approaches to motion analysis and content understanding are too slow for common processing systems like PCs and embedded systems like these used in smart cameras and smart mobile appliances (smartphones, tablets, or the like). Existing approaches are typically designed for specific tasks, e.g., tracking the movement of a person (with a known-face model) or a car (with a pre-defined car model), and because of these simplifications have a limited general applicability.

System and a method for camera motion analysis and understanding from a video sequence


A system and method for the verification and calibration of wind turbine sensor systems is provided. The system comprises an optical capture device provided on a wind turbine which is arranged to record the position of at least one light source provided at the wind turbine during operation of the wind turbine. The motion of the light source relative to the optical capture device can provide an indication of relative motion of a portion of the wind turbine during operation, which can then be used as an input to a calibration and/or a verification system for a sensor system of the wind turbine.

In modern wind turbine design, a continued drive for increased efficiency and reliability has led to a desire to provide more intelligent solutions for wind turbine control systems. Such solutions often involve the incorporation of wind turbine sensor systems integrated into the turbine design stage. Such systems can produce relatively accurate outputs, as they can be integrated with the manufacture of the wind turbine components, e.g. a blade deflection monitoring system inlaid within the structure of the wind turbine blade itself.
One of the challenges in ensuring accurate operation of such systems is the difficulty in ensuring accurate calibration of the sensor outputs, in particular with regard to accurate positioning of the sensor systems. In addition, it is desirable to be able to effectively verify the output of an integrated sensor system, to ensure that the sensor components are operating correctly.
Some proposed solutions include the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in order to accurately calculate the location of the sensor system and/or the wind turbine components. However, such systems are relatively expensive, and can require relatively complicated interpolation and mapping of results in order to successfully calibrate and or verify a turbine sensor system.
It is an object of the invention to provide an improved turbine sensor calibration and/or verification system which provides a relatively simpler and less expensive solution, which can be easily implemented on new or existing wind turbines.

System and method for wind turbine sensor calibration


A mobile terminal and a method for controlling the mobile terminal are disclosed. A mobile terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention, together with an external device separated therefrom, may measure body composition by using human body medium communication. The mobile terminal and the external device have two electrodes that contact areas of a user's body. The mobile terminal outputs a test signal through a first body area contacting a first electrode, and transmits the test signal to the external device through the user's body. The external device generates a feedback signal corresponding to the test signal. The mobile terminal detects a second signal which is the feedback signal that passes through the body and is transmitted through a second electrode. The mobile terminal uses the difference between a reference signal corresponding to the test signal and the second signal to calculate the body composition of the user.

Terminals may be generally classified as mobile/portable terminals or stationary terminals according to their mobility. Mobile terminals may also be classified as handheld terminals or vehicle mounted terminals according to whether or not a user can directly carry the terminal.
Mobile terminals have become increasingly more functional. Examples of such functions include data and voice communications, capturing images and video via a camera, recording audio, playing music files via a speaker system, and displaying images and video on a display. Some mobile terminals include additional functionality which supports game playing, while other terminals are configured as multimedia players. More recently, mobile terminals have been configured to receive broadcast and multicast signals which permit viewing of content such as videos and television programs.
As such functions become more diversified, the mobile terminal can support more complicated functions such as capturing images or video, reproducing music or video files, playing games, receiving broadcast signals, and the like. By comprehensively and collectively implementing such functions, the mobile terminal may be embodied in the form of a multimedia player or device.
Efforts are ongoing to support and increase the functionality of mobile terminals. Such efforts include software and hardware improvements, as well as changes and improvements in the structural components.
Recently, mobile terminals are equipped with a plurality of sensors capable of measuring biometric signals, such as a temperature sensor and a heart rate measurement sensor, thereby measuring the health status of a user.
In particular, a mobile terminal is constructed with a plurality of constituting elements connected electrically to each other, and when the plurality of constituting elements are formed outside the mobile terminal, the mobile terminal may measure various types of biometric signals by using the elements.

Mobile terminal and method of controlling same


A leakage detection system configured to detect hydrocarbon leakage from an underwater pipeline in a body of water having a sensor configured to acquire signals related to the temperature of a liquid inside a chamber that is not watertight and which, in use, is full of water and extends along a portion of underwater pipeline susceptible to leakage, and a control unit, which is connected to the sensor and is configured to control if the temperature of the liquid in the chamber is within an expected range and emit a leakage signal when the temperature of the liquid in the chamber is outside the expected range.

In the field of off-shore hydrocarbon transport via underwater pipelines, it has been found that the underwater pipelines are susceptible to leaks and therefore the release of hydrocarbons into the body of water. It is desirable to detect leaks as soon as possible to avoid significant spillage of hydrocarbons into the body of water and severe damage to the underwater environment.
Among the various known types of underwater pipelines, the so-called flexible 'risers' with flanged joints are those that show a relatively greater tendency of being susceptible to leaks on the flanged joints.
Known systems for detecting leaks in pipelines installed in a body of water comprise ROVs (Remote Operated underwater Vehicles) equipped with various types of sensors to detect possible leaks during periodic inspections along the underwater pipeline.
One type of sensor used for detecting hydrocarbon leakage in a body of water is the so-called 'sniffer', which can be mounted on ROVs or buoys immerged at different depths in the body of water.
The foremost critical aspects of certain of the known art that contemplates the use of sensors mounted on ROVs or buoys consists in that it only allows detecting leaks after a considerable amount of time and with scarce precision, the point of the leak on the underwater pipeline not being readily identifiable. Furthermore, the hydrocarbon detection sensors lack effectiveness in locating small leaks in the open sea, which is notoriously subject to currents that disperse and dilute the hydrocarbons in the body of water. It follows that the currently known leak detection systems are untimely and rather imprecise in locating leaks.
Japanese Patent Document No. 61-139,737 discloses an apparatus for preventing leakage from a flange joint and comprising a detector for detecting the leakage of the fluid and a recovery apparatus for recovering the leaked fluid. However, this apparatus will be hardly adaptable to operate under the high pressure and the severe conditions in the underwater environment.

System and method for detection of hydrocarbon leakage from an underwater pipeline in a body of water and hydrocarbon extraction unit


A two cycle, crankcase compression having fuel injection controlled in response to sensed intake air flow. The intake air flow is measured by measuring the crankcase pressure at crank angles corresponding to scavenge port opening and scavenge port closing of the engine. However, the actual angle at which the pressure is measured is adjusted to compensate for delay in the sensor reading and variations in the electric power supplied to the sensor. In addition, an arrangement is shown for protecting the sensor from corrosion.

This invention relates to a fuel injection control device for a two stroke internal combustion engine and more particularly to an improved method of determining the air flow to such an engine for controlling the amount of fuel injected.
It is well known that the fuel requirements for an internal combustion engine are dependent upon the speed at which the engine operates and also the load on the engine. Although speed is a relatively easy characteristic to measure, load is not so easy to determine. In the crudest form of load measurement, it has been proposed to merely measure the position of the throttle valve of the engine in order to determine its load. However, the throttle valve position can be subject to fluxuation and its position per se is not always an indication of the instantaneous load on the engine. In addition, some forms of engines such as diesel engines do not have throttle valves and hence there is no throttle valve position to sense.
Air flow is a more accurate way of measuring the load on the engine inasmuch as the air flow to the engine is a relatively accurate indication of its load. In addition, it is desirable to maintain a certain fuel/air ratio and in order to maintain that, the amount of air consumed must be determined.
Various devices have been proposed for positioning in the induction system for measuring the air flow to the engine. These devices are such as rotating vanes or electrically heated wires which provide some indication of air flow. However, any device which is positioned in the induction system tends to restrict the air flow to the engine and can adversely affect its performance.
It has been found that the air flow to a two cycle, crankcase compression engine can be very accurately measured by measuring the difference in pressure in the crankcase at the time of scavenge port opening and at scavenge port closing. This pressure difference is a very accurate indication of the amount of air consumed by the cylinder per cycle. This can easily be measured by placing a crankcase pressure sensor in the crankcase and timing the taking of the pressure signals in relation to the timing of the scavenge port opening and closing.
The actual timing at which the pressure is sensed is important to having an accurate determination of air flow. However, the types of systems previously proposed have had some defects because of certain inherent lag in the system. For example, the construction of the sensor per se introduces a time lag in that the pressure output trace from the sensor does not completely accurately follow the actual crankcase pressure due to the inherent operation of the sensor. The effect of this will be described later by reference to FIG. 3.
Another defect inherent with the prior art type of constructions is that the pressure sensor is normally electrically operated and is driven by the charging coil of the ignition system of the engine. This is particularly true with outboard motor applications wherein a separate source of electric power may not be provided. The variation in output timing is thus dependent not only on the inherent construction of the sensor, which normally provides a fixed offset, but also at the speed which the engine is running, which provides a variable offset. This variable offset will be described later by reference to FIG. 4.
It is, therefore, a principal object to this invention to provide an improved device for measuring engine air flow by measuring crankcase pressure.
It is a further object to this invention to provide an improved fuel control for a two cycle, crankcase compression, internal combustion engine.
It is another object to this invention to provide a pressure sensor for sensing crankcase pressure wherein the pressure signal is sensed at the appropriate time to provide the required data.
In addition to the aforenoted problems, there is also the problem of deterioration of the signal from the pressure sensor during the life of the apparatus. This problem is particularly acute in conjunction with outboard motor applications wherein the air inducted into the engine may contain a large amount of water vapor and which water vapor may be salt water when operating in marine environments. This water vapor can impinge upon the detecting surface of the pressure sensor and if corrosion occurs, then the pressure signal will further deteriorate. It is difficult to provide a continuous correction for such deterioration, which can vary depending upon the particular application.
It is, therefore, a still further object to this invention to provide an improved pressure sensor arrangement for a two cycle, crankcase compression, internal combustion engine wherein the detecting surface of the pressure sensor will be protected from corrosion, even in marine environments.
It is a still further object to this invention to provide an improved pressure sensor for a two cycle, crankcase compression, internal combustion engine.

Fuel injection control device for two stroke combustion engine


An output of a TV camera for picking up an X-ray fluoroscopic image is supplied to an image memory. An output of an electrocardiograph is supplied to a cardiograph memory. The output from the image memory is subjected to subtraction processing to obtain an angiogram and the angiogram data is supplied to an image synthesizing circuit. The image synthesizing circuit reads out data of the latest several seconds from the cardiograph memory, and produces a cardiogram on the basis of the read-out data. A synthesis image, in which the cardiogram is superimposed on part of the angiogram, is displayed on a display. The outputs from the image memory and the cardiograph memory are supplied to a recording/reproducing processor. The image data is compressed, and both the compressed image data of one field and the cardiograph output data representing the cardiogram superimposed on the field image are recorded on a recording area of one filed image of a video tape. The data reproduced from the video tape is separated into image data and cardiograph output data at every field by the recording/reproducing processor. The image data is data-expanded and supplied to the image memory, and the cardiograph output data is supplied to the cardiograph memory.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to an image processing apparatus, and more particularly to an image processing apparatus for recording and reproducing a synthesis image formed by superimposing, on part of image data supplied from the outside, attribute data which is also supplied from the outside and associated with the image data.
2. Description of the Related Art
This type of apparatus is widely used in the field of techniques relating to medical imaging or diagnosis. For example, in many cases, an angiogram obtained by a digital fluorography (DF) apparatus used as a diagnosing X-ray apparatus is displayed on a display device such as a TV monitor, and simultaneously a cardiogram spanning a time period from a predetermined time point to the time point of the display of the present angiogram is displayed. The view field of the X-ray fluoroscopic image is regularly circular, since the view field of the output optical image of an image intensifier tube is circular. Since the corners of the screen showing the angiogram are non-effective areas, the cardiogram may be superimposed anywhere in the corners without preventing the display of the angiogram. Thus, the synthesis image containing both the cardiogram (attribute data) and angiogram (image data) can be displayed. The angiogram obtained by the DF apparatus can be displayed in real time; however, the cardiogram cannot. The cardiogram indicates an output (cardio-potential) from an electrocardiograph over a time period between a time point at which the present angiogram is produced and a time point preceding this time point by several seconds. Thus, the output (attribute data) of the electrocardiograph is stored in a buffer memory, and a portion of the cardio-potential data corresponding to a time period associated with the angiogram obtained by the DF apparatus is read out from the buffer memory and superimposed on the angiogram. Thereby, a cardiogram is produced.
A conventional method of recording image data and attribute data relating to the above-described synthesis image will now be described. Image data from the DF apparatus are supplied to the display device and also to a recording device such as a digital VCR (video cassette recorder) and recorded successively on a video tape at every frame (more exactly, at every field). In this case, the output from the electrocardiograph has not yet been supplied to the VCR and is stored in the buffer memory. After a single diagnosing operation is completed and recording of all images is completed, all cardio-potential data associated with the single diagnosing operation are read out from the buffer memory and recorded, as a unit, next to the image data recording area of the tape. In the case of reproduction, similarly, all angiogram image data associated with the single diagnosing operation are reproduced and stored in the image memory. Thereafter, all cardio-potential data are reproduced and stored in the buffer memory. Then, the angiogram is read out from the image memory and the .cardio-potential data, which spans a time period from a time point at which the angiogram is produced to a time point preceding this time point by several seconds, are read out. The cardiogram formed on the basis of the read-out data is superimposed on a corner of the angiogram.
In the prior art described above, the image data and cardio-potential data are recorded at different places on a video tape at different time points. Thus, a time is wasted in recording the cardio-potential data, after the image data has been recorded. Despite the fact that both angiogram and cardio-potential data are simultaneously produced, these cannot be recorded simultaneously. In addition, in the case of reproduction, it is necessary to read out all angiogram data at first and then read out cardio-potential data, in order to form a synthesis image in which the cardiogram is superimposed on the angiogram. That is, the synthesis image cannot be reproduced and displayed immediately. All image data and all cardio-potential data must be reproduced even if only one synthesis image needs to be reproduced. Thus, the efficiency of the operation of the apparatus is not good.

Apparatus for synthesizing a medical image and corresponding numerical data and recording the synthesized image


A broadcasting receiver, broadcasting transmitter, broadcasting system and a control method are provided. The broadcasting receiver includes a broadcasting reception unit which receives caption data including information on an edge shape of a caption window and caption text to be displayed in the caption window, and a caption processor which processes the received caption data, determines the edge shape of the caption window corresponding to the caption data, and generates the caption window and the caption text according to the edge shape and the caption text. Accordingly, the edge shapes of the caption windows in which the caption text is displayed can be expressed in various forms.

1. Field of the Invention
Apparatuses and methods consistent with the present invention relate to broadcasting, and more particularly, to broadcasting receivers, broadcasting transmitters, broadcasting systems and control methods in which caption broadcasting is transmitted and received.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, closed captioning in television broadcasts is provided mainly for hearing impaired persons, or foreign language broadcasts. In addition, such caption broadcasting is useful in order to assist in viewer understanding and in noisy environments.
Caption broadcasting is defined under the EIA-608-A standard in the National Television System Committee (NTSC) system for analog broadcasts, and under the EIA-708-B standard in digital broadcasting.
Caption broadcasting is typically displayed as text of a certain size on a lower portion of a video screen. However, the EIA-708-B standard, which is the digital caption broadcasting standard, specifies caption windows in which a caption is indicated and captioned text displayed in the caption window can be configured in various colors and sizes.
However, the digital caption broadcasting standard does not regulate an edge shape of the caption window.

Broadcasting receiver, broadcasting transmitter, broadcasting system and control method thereof


A weatherstrip composition includes the following polymer A group and polymer B group, Polymer A group. A polymer group is made up of a domain 1 consisting of crosslinked product of a polymer selected from a group consisting of ethylene polymer, ethylene/α-olefin copolymer (where the α-olefin has from 3 to 20 carbons), ethylene/α-olefin/diene copolymer (where the .alpha.-olefin has from 3 to 20 carbons), homopolymer rubber of a conjugated diene monomer, copolymer polymerized with a conjugated diene monomer and an aromatic vinyl monomer, and hydrogenated copolymer polymerized with a conjugated diene monomer and an aromatic vinyl monomer (where the hydrogenation of all double bonds except for the aromatic groups is at least 50%), and a domain 2 is made up of crosslinked product of ethylene polymer or ethylene/α-olefin copolymer (where the α-olefin has from 3 to 20 carbons).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a weatherstrip that is used as an automotive part.
2. Related Background of the Invention
The weatherstrip attached to the window frames of automobile doors is an automotive part that seals the outer periphery of the window glass. The weatherstrip thereby holds the window glass securely in place, prevents rain, wind, dust, and so forth from getting into the passenger compartment, and allows the window glass to be opened and closed more smoothly. The weatherstrip is usually made of an elastomeric material so that it can function as intended. More specifically, it is made of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer (TPO), or the like.
An example of prior art related to weatherstrips is a product of using a urethane- or silicone-based surface treatment agent to coat surfaces that come into contact with window glass, and curing the agent to obtain coating layer. Another example is a weatherstrip molded from a specific thermoplastic elastomer or resin.
For example, Japanese Patent Publication H7-73893 discloses a weatherstrip in which portions that come into contact with window glass are provided with a thin protective film which is composed of a synthetic resin whose base material is a polyolefin resin. The resin is mixed with a polyolefin resin powder or particles of various size with higher viscosity and lower fluidity than this base material. Roughened components are irregularity formed on a surface layer of the thin protective film.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open 2000-52780 discloses a weatherstrip in which a mold-formed part connected to an extrusion molded part is molded from a thermoplastic elastomer or soft resin to which antifriction solid particulates have been added. The ten points average roughness (Rz) of the surface of the mold-formed portion is from 1 to 50 μm.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open 2003-200738 discloses a weatherstrip in which a sliding part is covered with or contains a specific material so as to adjust the elastic modulus of the sliding part. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open 2003-200738, it is stated that dust that adheres to a sliding part contributes to the generation of noise. It is also stated that the use of materials with a low elastic modulus (soft materials) and materials with low surface energy (non-hydrophilic materials, non-moisture absorbent materials, low surface tension materials, high contact angle materials, and low SP value materials) is undesirable because dust tends to adhere to or be held by these materials, and the surface roughness of sliding parts is related to dust adhesion and retention. Also, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open 2003-200738 states that since window glass can be scratched and sliding noise increases during the raising and lowering of window glass, it is undesirable to use a material with a high elastic modulus, Application Laid-Open 2003-200738 teaches the use of hydrophilic and moisture absorbent materials, and favorable ranges for the elastic modulus, surface tension, contact angle, SP value, and surface roughness (Rz) thereof.
Japanese Patent Publication S61-4408 discloses a weatherstrip in which the friction coefficient is lowered and wear resistance is improved. Such a weatherstrip is produced by coating with or immersion in a surface treatment agent containing silicone oil, followed by drying to form a cover layer.


A method is disclosed to determine an inspection protocol for radioactive material in shipping containers using an inspection technique threshold characteristic. The method includes weighing a container prior to shipment and determining a relative position of the container weight to at least one of a number of predetermined inspection technique threshold lines in an inspection threshold characteristic. Each of the of the predetermined inspection technique threshold lines corresponds to at least one of a number of inspection techniques. The container is classified as either a heavy container or a light container relative to at least one of the inspection techniques according to the relative position of the container weight to at least one of the predetermined inspection technique threshold lines. An inspection protocol for radioactive material in the container is selected according to the classification of the container.

The difficulty implementing a strong and effective deterrence against a terrorist or rogue state's use of the commercial ocean cargo container as a delivery vehicle for a nuclear weapon continues to trouble the responsible experts. Especially worrisome is growth of nuclear capable states. Nuclear capable states under duress, acting alone or in cooperation with terrorists, conceivably could adopt a clandestine container delivery tactic, rather than a more easily monitored long range missile system. A container delivery vector is inexpensive, operationally simple, accurate and possibly untraceable.
Overview of Current Policy
Current Department of Homeland Security (DHS) defense architecture envisions layered but modest container deterrence as the best defense that it can muster today. The core of the plan is to approach near 100% container inspections in the U.S. arrival ports with advanced radiation portals. A portal is a drive-bye radiation sensor. Advanced means the portals will try to read the radiation spectrum that is essentially a fingerprint of the type of radioactive material that is the target of the inspection, hoping to cut down on the many false alarms that currently plague portal inspections. The General Accounting Office (GAO) questioned whether the new sensors do measurably reduce false alarms. However, the problems facing portal inspections are much deeper than false alarms; and are twofold: First, even an advanced sensor cannot detect a nuclear bomb if the nuclear device is shielded with only modest shielding. The DHS director has recently acknowledged this limitation in Congressional testimony. An adversary intent on executing a nuclear terrorist attack could easily shield its clandestine weapon and adopt a "detonate on detection" counter-strategy (discussed infra) as further protection. Every U.S. port is in a city and inspection after arrival in a U.S. port city is too late. This troubling fact is supported by efforts of the Department of Homeland Security which is working with the Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Customs Service to try to push back the "inspection borders" out of the U.S. and into those of our trading partners. The reality that the U.S. is trying to export its problem to its trading partners is not lost on U.S. trading partners.
Detonation on Detection Dilemma
A few U.S. ports, aware of detonate on arrival or detection, are trying to intercept ships before entry into their ports. In Charleston, S.C., for example, a recent disaster exercise posited an intercepted container detonating during attempts to interdict after arrival in Charleston. The disaster planning event posited tens of thousands of casualties.
Problems with Foreign Inspection
Export of the inspection risk to foreign trading partners has also been fraught with problems and slow implementation. There are a number of acronym-titled programs (CPAT, CSI, etc) in process, but at the core is a reluctance of foreign governments to readily adopt an effective inspection process in their ports. The reasons are both obvious and subtle and range from high direct costs, slowing the flow of commerce, possible foreign legal liability for failure to detect, sovereignty issues of ancillary U.S. activity in a foreign country and U.S. uncertainty of system reliability in some countries that the U.S. would characterize as less friendly trading partners. After all, the actual inspection work and intelligence information comes from the foreign government and port operator security and not from U.S. personnel or agencies. In summary, foreign countries inspect only 10-20% of all of the port container traffic involving the U.S. and these countries do not wish to accept the inspection risk and delays that will impact on not just that 20% of container traffic but on all commerce. Thus the U.S. has a problem with a defense architecture based upon an inspection protocol that is scheduled to reach near 100% of all containers being inspected in the U.S. where it is too late to avoid "detonate upon detection" and using technical procedures that will not be able to detect realistic attacks. Meaningful attempts to export these inspections to foreign countries are probably unworkable as presently constructed. There is foreign information sharing and confidence building concepts like CSI and safe shipper programs that are useful but do not reach the core risk or the scope of the commercial issues either.
A long term solution from the Department of Homeland Security is to develop advanced density measuring x-ray systems that are very large versions of the baggage inspection equipment used in airports. Unfortunately, not only are these systems very expensive and as of yet technically un-proven, but they would be as large as car washes, be relatively slow in completed inspections and have to be located in foreign countries to solve the "detonate on detection" dilemma. This technology can be implemented only in the distant future and would be very uncertain in performance and scalability. It is desirable to have a method to detect contraband radioactive or nuclear material before suspect cargo reaches the U.S. because foreign ports cannot be widely enlisted for near 100% inspection levels overseas and because of the as-yet unsolved reliability of inspections of less friendly trading partners.

Method of detection of radioactive material


An electrode formation method for a solar cell to form an electrode of a base member, includes a screen printing process and a baking process. The screen printing process includes: mounting a metal mask on a surface of the base member, wherein the metal mask includes a covering portion configured to cover a part of a surface of the base member, opening portions configured to allow parts of the base member to be exposed therefrom, and bridge portions disposed along a direction intersecting with a longitudinal direction of circuit patterns between the opening portions; and supplying a paste to an upper surface of the metal mask by a squeegee head of a cartridge type, while relatively sliding a squeegee on the upper surface of the metal mask such that the squeegee travels relatively to the metal mask. In the baking process, the paste is baked to form the electrode.

Up to now, there have been known an electrode formation system for a solar cell, and an electrode formation method for the solar cell, in which, in printing for forming electrodes, a first conductive paste is coated on a substrate to bake a first layer electrode, and a second conductive paste is coated on the first layer electrode to bake a second layer electrode (for example, refer to Patent Document 1).

Electrode formation system for solar cell and electrode formation method for solar cell

Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd.


To be able to activate a smoothing filter for a setpoint, with which the movement of a drive axis (A, Ai) of a drive unit (AE) can also be controlled during the movement without a negative effect on the movement, it is provided that the smoothing filter (10) is initialized with a setpoint profile (Sinit) so that a current movement phase ((S0, {dot over (S)}0, . . . , S0(x))) is continued continuously and the repeated time derivative (S(x+1)) of the highest time derivative (S(x)) of the setpoint (S(t), S(k)) is limited.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for controlling the movement of a drive axis of a drive unit, wherein the movement of the drive axis is controlled in a cycle step by specifying a setpoint of the movement, by means of which there results a movement phase of the movement of the drive axis, wherein a smoothing filter in the form of an averaging filter calculates the new setpoint as the mean value of the previous setpoints at a filter time in the past.
2. Discussion of Background Information
Long-stator linear motors are often used as flexible conveying devices in manufacturing lines, processing lines, assembly lines and similar systems. As is known, a long-stator linear motor consists substantially of a long stator in the form of a multiplicity of drive coils arranged one after the other, and a multiplicity of transport units with excitation magnets (permanent or electromagnets) which are moved along the long stator by applying an electrical current appropriately to the drive coils. As a result of the drive coils, a moving magnetic field is produced which interacts with the excitation magnets on the transport units in order to move the transport units. A conveyor line, along which the transport units can be moved, is therefore formed by the long stator. It is thus possible to control each transport unit individually and independently of one another in its movement (position, velocity, acceleration). For this purpose, each drive coil is activated by an associated drive coil controller which can receive commands to move a transport unit (e.g. in the form of setpoints for position or velocity) from a superordinate system control unit. At the same time, track switches or merging conveyor sections of the long-stator linear motor can be provided along the conveyor line. The long stator is also often constructed in the form of conveyor segments, wherein each conveyor segment forms part of the conveyor line and contains a number of drive coils. Usually, a segment controller, which controls all drive coils of the conveyor segment, is provided for a conveyor segment. The structural design of the long-stator linear motor, that is to say, for example, the design of the drive coils, the conveyor line, the transport units, the transport unit guides, etc., can, of course, be different, wherein, however, the basic functional principle of a long-stator linear motor remains the same.
A conveyor device in the form of a long-stator linear motor can become quite complex with a plurality of transport sections which can be connected to one another by means of track switches. A large number of transport units can be moved simultaneously on these. Such a conveyor device therefore imposes high demands on the control of the movement of the individual transport units.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,863,669 B2 describes, by way of example, a conveyor device in the form of a long-stator linear motor with a transport unit controller. Herein, the conveyor line is divided into zones, wherein a transport unit in a setpoint-based zone is controlled based on a setpoint command, and, in a limit-based zone, is controlled by means of commands for the end position and maximum values for the velocity and acceleration. With the limit-based control, these commands are converted into a movement profile with which the transport unit is moved.
There are various possibilities as to how the movement of a transport unit can be controlled or regulated. For example, a distance coupling, with which a slave transport unit is coupled to the movement of a master transport unit, would be conceivable. The slave transport unit follows the master transport unit at a specified constant distance. Instead of a constant distance, the distance could also vary along the movement, for example in the form of a specified curve. A movement in the form of an inverse kinematic, with which the movement of the transport unit is synchronized to the movement of another unit in space, is also conceivable. An example of this is the synchronization of a transport unit to the movement of a robot arm which carries out work on a workpiece on the transport unit. A position control, in which a control difference, based on which the setpoint position is varied in order to equalize the control difference to zero, is specified, is also possible. An application of this could be the exertion of a process force between two transport units. However, the invention is not restricted to a conveyor device in the form of a long-stator linear motor but applies generally to drive axes of a drive.
In most cases, a target velocity or a target position, which is to be set or approached by the drive, is specified for a drive axis. This type of movement of a drive axis is also referred to in the following as target mode. In target mode, the target velocity or target position is converted into a position profile or, as an equivalent, also into a velocity profile, which is followed by the drive axis. A typical example of the specification of target velocities is a crane where the slewing velocity of the crane arm is controlled by means of a control element, e.g. a joystick. In target mode, limits for the jerk, which is defined as the time derivative of the acceleration, are often specified in order to reduce the load on the drive axis. So-called smoothing filters, which limit the change in acceleration (that is to say the jerk), are often used for this purpose. Such smoothing filters are often designed as low-pass filters or as averaging filters. In many applications, such as cranes for example, a limit of the time derivative of the jerk is also desired.
It would, of course, also be possible to generate movement profiles which are inherently jerk-limited. However, the generation of such movement profiles is very calculation-intensive. Particularly in the case of applications such as a conveyor device in the form of a long-stator linear motor where there is a multiplicity of transport units to be moved, the limits of available computational power are quickly reached. For this reason, in many applications, only simple movement profiles, which are subsequently jerk-limited in a smoothing filter, are generated for a drive axis.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,603,286 A describes a higher-order low-pass filter. However, such low-pass filters are likewise calculation-intensive. For a conveyor device having a multiplicity of transport units, the computational effort would increase enormously, as a result of which such low-pass filters can hardly be used for this application. Irrespective of this, low-pass filters have the characteristic that the output of the filter only adapts exponentially to the input but never reaches it. This makes low-pass filters rather uninteresting for accurate control with low tracking error (deviation between setpoint and actual value).
EP 419 705 A1 and EP 477 412 A1 each describe a jerk limitation with a simple averaging filter which forms the mean value over a specified number of previous position commands in order to calculate the new setpoint for the position command. Although these averaging filters require less computational power, they assume that previous position commands are known in order to be able to calculate a mean value from the previous values. This is the case when the smoothing filter is always active, that is to say from standstill at the beginning of the movement to the end of the movement.
However, it is possible that a smoothing filter in the form of a averaging filter is only to be activated during a movement of a drive axis, that is to say not from the very beginning, for example when the system switches from a movement mode, e.g. inverse kinematic, to the target mode. In this case, an undesirable movement behavior of the drive axis occurs depending on how the smoothing filter is initialized at the time of activation (filled with values for the previous time period). If the smoothing filter has simply been initialized with the previous setpoints, then a setpoint step would occur at the time of activation which would burden the drive axis controller and the components of the drive. In the worst case, the control could become unstable. If initialization takes place with the setpoint at the time of activation, then this could result in a velocity or acceleration step, which is likewise undesirable and may have similar consequences.

Method for controlling the movement of a drive axis of a drive unit


A spray nozzle apparatus for spraying a spray jet which contains a coating material in one spray direction S for coating of a surface which is located in the spray direction S opposite the spray nozzle apparatus transversely to the spray direction S with a spray nozzle for spraying the spray jet from a spray nozzle outlet of the spray nozzle and at least one control nozzle with a control nozzle outlet which is aligned or can be aligned to the spray jet transversely to the spray direction S for acting on the spray jet and deflecting it by means of a control flow which is emerging from the control nozzle outlet, characterized in that there is one control apparatus for control of the control flow with a control signal.

Various coating methods are used in the semiconductor industry, such as centrifugal coating and spray coating.
In centrifugal coating, a substance to be applied is deposited on a substrate in liquid form. Afterwards, the substrate is set into rotation. The rotation generates the action of a force on the liquid and distributes it over the entire surface of the substrate. By a dedicated choice of the coating parameters, primarily the rotational speed and rotational acceleration of the carrier substrate, layer thicknesses from a few nanometers to a few micrometers, and in extreme cases even a few millimeters, can be produced. The centrifugal coating is used primarily for coating of flat surfaces with a resist or cement which is used in the semiconductor industry for cementing of several substrates. The advantage lies in the very precise, prompt, efficient and economical application of the material. The disadvantage of centrifugal coating appears, however, in structured substrates or very large substrates. Structured substrates lead to a relatively inhomogeneous thickness of the layer to be applied, mainly when the target layer thickness is smaller than the highest topographies on the substrate. In this respect, as a result of the material being distributed from the inside to the outside, only the side walls of the topographies oriented to the center are coated with the material, and conversely bubbles or faults form in the material on the sides facing away from the center. Another disadvantage of centrifugal coating consists mainly in the maximum size and limitation with respect to the geometrical shape of the substrates which are to be coated. Standardized substrates, primarily wafers, in most cases silicon wafers, have a round, therefore radially symmetrical symmetry and a standardized diameter. In the past substrates with diameters from two to twelve inches were used. In the future, substrates with diameters of up to eighteen inches will probably be used in the semiconductor industry. In addition, there are very many branches of industry which are dependent on coating rectangular substrates which are many times larger than the indicated radially symmetrical substrates. For example, in the solar industry, substrates, i.e., panels must be coated. These panels are not round and would not fit into a conventional coating system for centrifugal coating. In this respect, the panels are rectangular substrates whose length and/or width is/are often greater than two meters. Their thickness is in the millimeter to centimeter range. Similar problems arise for all types of substrates, generally glass substrates, which are used for windows, displays, windshield, etc.
One possibility for the coating of these panels is spray coating. With a correspondingly designed system for spray coating, the panels, preferably even in an assembly line process, are coated over the entire surface with any material. The deciding criterion for optimum coating is mainly the homogeneity of the layer thickness. The panel must be coated with a material over its entire area, which area is not small for the use of spray coating systems. The layer thickness of the deposited layer must often be in the micrometer or even nanometer range. Industry has already found different approaches for corresponding situations. Thus, several nozzles can be distributed along the entire width of a corresponding spray coating system, wherein each nozzle coats only a small strip of the panel which lies directly under it. In this arrangement, the problem arises that the finely atomized particles agglomerate along the "interfaces" at which the coating areas of the nozzles intersect. As a result, a homogeneous layer thickness of the layer cannot be assumed. Another already implemented possibility consists in using one or more nozzles which move back and forth along a rail along the entire width of the coating system over the panel to be coated. This version definitively produces a layer with a more homogeneous layer thickness than in the first configuration, but it is comparatively slow and is not suited for a high throughput. The bearing units, the rail and the carriages on which the nozzle is fastened are accordingly movable and thus susceptible to wear and high failure probabilities. Corresponding vibrations and/or turbulence, which massively influence the homogeneity of the layer, are formed by the movement of the nozzles.
US 2010/0078496 shows a spray nozzle apparatus in which a spray mist of a corresponding spray coating system is deflected.
The goal of this invention is to devise a spray nozzle apparatus and a corresponding system and a method for operating a spray nozzle apparatus with which a more homogeneous coating is enabled.
This goal is achieved with the features of the claims. Advantageous developments of the invention are given in the dependent claims. All combinations of at least two of the features given in the specification, the claims and/or in the figures fall within the scope of the invention. For given values ranges, values which lie within the indicated limits should be considered disclosed as boundary values and able to be claimed in any combination.