To provide a vehicular two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system the power consumption of which can be reduced. A vehicular two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system is provided with a switching unit for transmitting power or disconnecting the transmission of power. The switching unit is provided with a driving shaft connected to the drive side, a driven shaft fitted to the driving shaft via an annular clearance gap. A plurality of connecting/disconnecting members are provided in a clearance between the driving shaft and the driven shaft for connecting or disconnecting the driving shaft and the driven shaft by being fitted or disconnected to/from respective opposite surfaces. A switching mechanism is provided for selectively positioning the connecting/disconnecting members in a position in which the driving shaft and the driven shaft are connected and in a position in which the driving shaft and driven shaft are disconnected. A control unit is provided for supplying driving current to the switching mechanism by repeating continuous supply and supply by duty cycle control.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a vehicular two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system.
2. Description of Background Art
Heretofore, a vehicle wherein two-wheel drive can be switched to four-wheel drive is known.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show an example of the above-mentioned vehicle 1 that includes a body frame 3 in the center of which an engine 2 is mounted, a front wheel 4 and a rear wheel 5 are arranged on both sides of the front and the rear of the body frame 3. A steering handlebar 6 is arranged above the front of the body frame 3 for steering the front wheel 4. A fuel tank 7 is located above the engine 2 and attached to the body frame 3. A seat 8 is attached to the rear of the fuel tank 7.
As shown in FIG. 5, each front wheel 4 is supported by a suspension system 9 provided on both sides of the front of the body frame 3 so that each front wheel can be vertically moved. Each rear wheel 5 is supported by a suspension system 10 provided on both sides of the rear of the body frame 3 so that each rear wheel can be vertically moved.
A final reduction gear for front wheels 13 and a final reduction gear for rear wheels 14, respectively, connected to the engine 2 via propeller shafts 11 and 12 and are provided in the center of the front and the center of the rear, respectively, of the body frame 3. The right and left front wheels 4 and the right and left rear wheels 5 are respectively connected to the final reduction gear for the front wheels 13 and the final reduction gear for the rear wheels 14.
A two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system for switching a type of rear-wheel drive and a type of four-wheel drive by disconnecting motive power to be transmitted to the front wheels 4 or transmitting motive power to the front wheels 4 is provided between the final reduction gear for the front wheels 13 and the propeller shaft 11 for example.
In the alternative, the two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system is provided between the rear propeller shaft 12 and the final reduction gear for the rear wheels 14, and the type of front-wheel drive and the type of four-wheel drive may be also switched.
The switching of the types of drive is suitably performed by a driver according to the state of a road surface and the type of traveling.
For example, a two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system having structure shown in FIG. 7 is proposed.
The drive type is switched according to the state of the road surface or the type of running or the running type of the vehicle in case a difference in revolution between a front wheel and a rear wheel is equal to or greater than a set value. For example, a two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system having structure shown in FIG. 7 is proposed.
The two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system denoted by a reference number 15 in FIG. 7 is composed of two input shaft components 16a and 16b formed by axially dividing the input shaft 16 of the final reduction gear for the front wheels 13 into two and matched on the same axis and a switching unit 17 for connecting or disconnecting the shafts.
To describe in detail, a cylindrical positioning protrusion 18 is provided in the center of the end face of the input shaft component 16a located on the side of the final reduction gear for the front wheels 13. A positioning concave portion 19 into which the positioning protrusion 18 is fitted so that the positioning protrusion can be turned is formed in the center of the end face of the input shaft component 16b located outside. Both input shaft components 16a and 16b are positioned on the same axis and are connected so that they can be relatively turned by matching both input shaft components 16a and 16b so that the positioning protrusion 18 and the positioning concave portion 19 are fitted.
Splines S1 and S2 are formed on the respective peripheral faces of the respective matched parts of both input shaft components 16a and 16b and the switching unit 17 is provided so that it surrounds these matched parts.
This switching unit 17 is composed by a switching ring 20 on the inner surface of which a spline is formed, which is fitted to the respective matched parts of both input shaft components 16a and 16b so that the switching ring can be slid and the spline of which is engaged with or is disengaged from the respective splines S1 and S2 and a drive mechanism 21 formed by a solenoid for selectively moving the switching ring 20 to a position in which the spline is engaged with only one input shaft component 16a or a position in which the spline is simultaneously engaged with the splines S1 and S2 of both input shaft components 16a and 16b by sliding the switching ring 20 in the axial direction of both input shaft components 16a and 16b.
The two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system 15 configured as described above is turned to a two-wheel drive in which only the rear wheels are driven by moving the switching ring 20 in one direction by the drive mechanism 21, engaging it with only one input shaft component 16a and disconnecting the transmission of driving force to the front wheels 4. The switching system 15 is turned to a four-wheel drive in which driving force is transmitted to the front wheels 4 and the front wheels 4 and the rear wheels 5 are simultaneously driven by engaging the switching ring 20 with the other input shaft component 16b in a state in which the switching ring is engaged with one input shaft component 16a by sliding the switching ring 20 and hereby, connecting both input shaft components 16a and 16b.
As disclosed in Japanese published unexamined patent application No. Hei 8-216714, in four-wheel drive, the two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system 15 is kept a state in which driving current is supplied.
For a method of switching drive types, as disclosed in Japanese published unexamined utility model application No. Sho 62-25223 for example, when a difference in the revolutions between the front wheels and the rear wheels is equal to or greater than a preset predetermined value, a state of four-wheel drive is held to enhance operating performance.
That is, as shown in FIG. 8, in two-wheel drive, the supply of driving current to the two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system 15 is stopped and in four-wheel drive, driving current is continuously supplied to the two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system.
However, such a conventional type two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system 15 has the following problems that require improvement.
That is, there is a problem that when there is difference in peripheral speed between the front wheel 4 and the rear wheel 5 in switching drive types, engagement between the switching ring 20 and the input shaft component 16b does not function and switching may be disabled.
Even if switching is made, there is also a problem that the splines collide in switching which results in the production of noise.
To solve such problems, a mechanism for synchronizing (aligning) the spline of the switching ring 20 and the spline of the input shaft component 16b is required, the structure becomes complex and when the two-wheel drive and the four-wheel drive switching system 15 is built. A construction of the mechanism is greatly changed from the existing structure.
In the meantime, as disclosed in Japanese published unexamined patent application No. Hei 8-216714, as driving current is continuously supplied to the two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system 15 in four-wheel drive, the power consumption is large and it imposes a large load on a compact vehicle.
In addition, in a technique disclosed in Japanese published unexamined utility model application No. Sho 62-25223, impact when the drive type is switched to a four-wheel drive type is transmitted to a rider.
As this impact is different according to the speed of a vehicle and the driving condition of the vehicle such as a difference between forward travel and reverse, it is desired that to reduce the possibility of the impact.

Vehicular two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive switching system


A method and apparatus for determining an auto white balance (AWB) gain based on determined depth information. The method may include receiving an image captured by an image sensor, determining depth information associated with the captured image, assigning weights to a plurality of illuminants based on the determined depth information, determining an auto white balance gain based on the assigned weights and statistics of the captured image, and applying the auto white balance gain to the captured image.

Image capture devices (e.g., digital cameras) are commonly incorporated into a wide variety of devices. In this disclosure, an image capture device refers to any device that can capture one or more digital images, including devices that can capture still images and devices that can capture sequences of images to record video. By way of example, image capture devices may comprise stand-alone digital cameras or digital video camcorders, camera-equipped wireless communication device handsets such as mobile telephones, cellular or satellite radio telephones, camera-equipped personal digital assistants (PDAs), computer devices that include cameras such as so-called "web-cams," or any devices with digital imaging or video capabilities.
Image capture devices may be capable of producing imagery under a variety of lighting conditions (e.g., illuminants). For example, image capture devices may operate in environments that include large amounts of reflected or saturated light, as well as in environments that include high levels of contrast. Some example image capture devices include an adjustment module for auto exposure control, auto white balance, and auto focus, in addition to other modules (e.g., a tint adjustment module), to adjust the processing performed by the imaging signal processor hardware.
In image capture devices, adjustment of the image signal processor ("ISP") is often beneficial to achieve proper white balance. White balance (sometimes called color balance, gray balance or neutral balance) refers to the adjustment of relative amounts of primary colors (e.g., red, green and blue) in an image or display such that neutral colors are reproduced correctly. White balance may change the overall mixture of colors in an image. Without white balance, the display of captured images may contain undesirable tints.


Embodiments of the invention are directed to an input device comprising a processor configured to operate the input device in one of a plurality of modes of operation, a plurality of buttons, and a housing configured to receive and secure a display device. The housing is configurable in a plurality of positions relative to the plurality of buttons, where at least a portion of the plurality of buttons operates in one of the plurality of modes of operation based, at least in part, on a position of the plurality of positions of the housing relative to the plurality of buttons.

Portability is one of the attractive features of using a tablet computer. A tablet computer may be smaller and lighter than a laptop with a larger screen size than a phone. However, the portability of the tablet introduces some disadvantages. For example, performing word processing on the screen-based keyboard may be cumbersome. Those wanting the word processing functionality of a laptop may choose to attach a physical keyboard to their tablet computer. Similarly, a tablet with a high resolution display invites a user to interact with media on the tablet, for example, playing a game. Those interested in game playing may choose to attach a game console to their tablet computer. The rich diversity of uses of the tablet may lead to a plethora of external devices that need to be ported along with the tablet computer, diminishing from the portability of the tablet.


The present disclosure describes methods and systems, including computer-implemented methods, computer program products, and computer systems, for distributing recovery keys. One method includes: transmitting, from a first user device to a secure community server, a key distribution request, wherein the key distribution request identifies a second user device, and the first user device and the second user device are members of a same secure community managed by the secure community server; transmitting a first portion of a recovery key to secure community server for forwarding to the second user device; transmitting a second portion of the recovery key to the secure community server; and discarding the first portion and the second portion of the recovery key at the first user device.

In some cases, a user may use a key to access a device or a service. The key may be a password, a secret code, or any other security information that is used to authenticate the user. If the key is verified, the user can access the device or the service. Otherwise the access is denied. In some cases, the user may also receive a recovery key. The recovery key can be used to obtain the original key or reset the original key in case the user loses the original key. The recovery key may be generated on an electronic device of the user, or received by the electronic device of the user from a server.
Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements.


The invention enables and/or facilitates the display of personalized content to content observers by content providers (e.g., advertisers) who disseminate content over a network. The invention enables identification of particular content observers at a content display site using analysis of content observation behavior at a content display site, data regarding one or more physical characteristics of content observers in the vicinity of the content display device during display of particular content, and/or analysis of demographic characteristics of possible content observers at the content display site. The invention prevents unauthorized access to data produced as part of identification of the content observer.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to displaying targeted content to a content observer (such as a television viewer) and, in particular, to identification of a content observer to facilitate display of targeted content to the content observer. Most particularly, the invention relates to preventing unauthorized access to data produced as part of identification of the content observer.
2. Related Art
The direct marketing industry has demonstrated the value in being able to target content (in the case of direct marketing, typically an advertisement) to a particular type of consumer. A targeted advertisement increases the likelihood of stimulating a consumer's interest in a product or service. For example, the message that would be used effectively to sell a car to a family with children that places a high value on safety is clearly very different from the message that would be used effectively to sell the same car to a recent college graduate who is looking forward to the chance to spread their wings. Further, particular advertisers may desire to communicate only with particular consumers. For example, a manufacturer of feminine hygiene products may highly value the ability to show their commercial to a female, but will place little or no value on the ability to show the commercial to an elderly male viewer. Similarly, a skateboard manufacturer would love to show their advertisement to teens, but has little interest in showing the advertisement to viewers of other ages.
Like other content providers, content providers that deliver content for display on television (e.g., broadcast stations, cable operators) have an interest in delivering and displaying targeted content to television viewers. Television content providers desire to exploit the value of their product. Their primary vehicle for doing so is selling advertising time. Delivering custom advertisements targeted to particular viewers can increase the value of that advertising time. In many ways delivering custom television broadcast content is similar to the airline industry's efforts at yield management. Content providers (e.g., advertisers) have a period of time (e.g., 30 second commercial break in a television program) to present their message and if they don't extract the maximum value from this time then it is lost forever. Currently, television advertisers seek to target their advertising by picking appropriate television programs during which to show their advertisements. However, it is desirable to enable a more precise form of targeted marketing for television advertising and, more generally, to enable custom content delivery for use in display of television content (e.g., television broadcasts, on-demand television content delivery).
To effectively display targeted content, it is necessary to know who the content observer is. Conventional approaches to identification of a television viewer are based on the viewer doing something to indicate the viewer's identity. For example, one approach is to have a viewer push a button as the viewer enters or leaves the room in which the television is located. However, this approach is cumbersome and prone to error. Another approach is to have a viewer fill out a survey, identifying the viewer and the viewer's demographic information. However, this approach is also cumbersome and may be too time consuming or involved to produce adequate viewer participation. Still another approach is have a viewer watch television using a remote control that identifies the viewer to a set top box associated with the television. However, this approach is also prone to error (the wrong viewer may use the remote control). Further, each of the above approaches is effective only if the content is specialized enough or if some other incentive is provided so that the viewer will want to identify himself.
Another possible approach to identifying a television viewer is to use a camera to film the area in which a viewer may be present and identify each person filmed in that area. (See, e.g., the description of Nielsen's people-finder technology in the article entitled "Commercial television: Dead or alive? A status report on Nielsen's passive people meter," by Barry Cook, Journal of Advertising Research, March/April 1995, Vol. 35, No. 2, Pg. RC-5 to RC-10.) However, people are typically very concerned about the presence of a camera in their homes. For example, they may be concerned that the recording obtained by the camera will be used to disseminate pictures of them without their consent, notwithstanding assurances to the contrary. Thus, any system that uses a camera to identify a television viewer must be implemented so that privacy concerns are alleviated.

Detection of content display observers with prevention of unauthorized access to identification signal


A vehicle power module assembly includes a modular manifold, an upper frame, and a plurality of power stages. The modular manifold includes a first base unit defining an inlet chamber, a second base unit defining an outlet chamber, a mid-unit defining one or more ports open to the chambers, and an upper unit defining a first set of slots and a second set of slots in fluid communication with the chambers via the ports. The plurality of power stages is housed within the frame and each of the power stages are spaced from one another to define inner channels therebetween. The chambers, channels, and ports are arranged with one another such that coolant flowing through the inner channels is in thermal communication with the power stages. The mid-unit may further include flow guides each sized to partially extend into one of the inner channels.

Electrified vehicles such as battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs), mild hybrid-electric vehicles (MHEVs), or full hybrid-electric vehicles (FHEVs) contain an energy storage device, such as a high voltage (HV) battery. Vehicle components, such as power modules, may generate heat during operation. Thermal management systems may assist in managing thermal conditions of the vehicle components.

Vehicle power module assemblies and manifolds


The present invention provides a method for raising rabbits, in particular by feeding the rabbit with a feed containing a source of long-chain fatty acid. In this manner, mortality and the feed conversion rates are decreased while average daily weight gain and long-chain fatty acid content of rabbit meat are increased compared to a rabbit raised in the absence of the long-chain fatty acid source.

The present invention is related to a method for raising rabbits, in particular by feeding the rabbit with a feed containing a source of long-chain fatty acid.
Rabbits are grown commercially as a source of meat in many areas of the world including Italy, Spain, France, and China. Typically, the total production period is about 80-85 days divided into 3 phases: (1) weaning periodxe2x80x94day 1 to day 30; (2) adaptation periodxe2x80x94day 31 to day 50; and (3) grower/finishing periodxe2x80x94day 51 to day 85. During the adaptation period the rabbits may be fed antibiotics in the feed to help maintain their health and improve weight gain and in some regions growth promoters are also used. The use of antibiotics in animal production is falling out of favor due to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, as well as the movement to more natural production techniques. These compounds are generally not used in the grower/finishing period and there is a continuing need to find ways to help improve both the health and nutritional content of the rabbits especially during the grower/finisher period of production.
There is a need for a method for raising rabbits that decreases the mortality rate of the rabbits. There is also a need for a method for decreasing the feed conversion rate of rabbits. There is also a need for a method for increasing the average daily weight gain of rabbits. And there is a need for a method for increasing long-chain fatty acid (e.g., omega-3 fatty acid such as docosahexaenoic acid or DHA) content of rabbit meat.
In accordance with the present invention, a method is provided for raising a rabbit comprising feeding the rabbit a feed comprising a source of long-chain fatty acid, wherein the mortality rate of the rabbit is reduced compared to a rabbit raised in the absence of the long-chain fatty acid source.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a marine source, more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a marine source selected from the group consisting of fish oil, fish meal and microorganisms, and more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises microorganisms.
Preferably, the microorganisms are in a dry form, more preferably the microorganisms are of the order Thraustochytriales, and more preferably the microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of Thraustochytrium, Schizochytrium, and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a long-chain fatty acid selected from the group consisting of linolenic acid, gammalinolenic acid, dihomogammalinolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (both omega-3 and omega-6 forms), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises docosahexaenoic acid.
Preferably, the mortality rate is decreased by at least about 50% and more preferably the mortality rate is decreased by at least about 65%.
Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.1% by weight long-chain fatty acid source. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.01% by weight long-chain omega-3 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.003% by weight long-chain omega-6 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed is fed to the rabbit for at least about 5 days.
In accordance with the present invention, a method is provided for increasing an average daily weight gain of a rabbit comprising feeding the rabbit a feed comprising a long-chain fatty acid source, wherein the average daily weight gain of the rabbit is higher than a rabbit raised in the absence of the long-chain fatty acid source.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a marine source, more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a marine source selected from the group consisting of fish oil, fish meal and microorganisms, and more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises microorganisms.
Preferably, the microorganisms are in a dry form, more preferably the microorganisms are of the order Thraustochytriales, and more preferably the microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of Thraustochytrium, Schizochytrium, and mixtures thereof
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a long-chain fatty acid selected from the group consisting of linolenic acid, gammalinolenic acid, dihomogammalinolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (both omega-3 and omega-6 forms), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises docosahexaenoic acid.
Preferably, the average daily weight gain of the rabbit is increased by at least about 2%.
Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.01% by weight long-chain fatty acid source. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.003% by weight long-chain omega-3 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.003% by weight long-chain omega-6 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed is fed to the rabbit for at least about 5 days.
In accordance with the present invention, a method is provided for reducing a feed conversion rate in a rabbit comprising feeding the rabbit a feed comprising a long-chain fatty acid source, wherein the feed conversion rate of the rabbit is lower than a rabbit raised in the absence of the long-chain fatty acid source.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a marine source, more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a marine source selected from the group consisting of fish oil, fish meal and microorganisms, and more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises microorganisms.
Preferably, the microorganisms are in a dry form, more preferably the microorganisms are of the order Thraustochytriales, and more preferably the microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of Thraustochytrium, Schizochytrium, and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a long-chain fatty acid selected from the group consisting of linolenic acid, gammalinolenic acid, dihomogammalinolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (both omega-3 and omega-6 forms), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises docosahexaenoic acid.
Preferably, the feed conversion rate of the rabbit is decreased by at least about 0.03 g/day. Preferably, the feed conversion rate of the rabbit is decreased by at least about 1%.
Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.1% by weight long-chain fatty acid source. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.01% by weight long-chain omega-3 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.003% by weight long-chain omega-6 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed is fed to the rabbit for at least about 5 days.
In accordance with the present invention, a method is provided for increasing a docosahexaenoic acid content of a rabbit comprising feeding the rabbit a feed comprising a docosahexaenoic acid source. Preferably, the docosahexaenoic acid source comprises microorganisms.
Preferably, the docosahexaenoic acid source comprises a marine source. The docosahexaenoic acid source can comprise a precursor to docosahexaenoic acid such as linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), or mixtures thereof. The precursors can be elongated to docosahexaenoic acid, and the precursors and the subsequent elongation products can accumulate in the rabbit meat. Preferably, the docosahexaenoic acid source comprises at least 10% (as % by weight total fatty acids) DHA.
Preferably, the microorganisms are in a dry form, more preferably the microorganisms are of the order Thraustochytriales, and more preferably the microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of Thraustochytrium, Schizochytrium, and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the docosahexaenoic acid source comprises a long-chain fatty acid selected from the group consisting of linolenic acid, gammalinolenic acid, dihomogammalinolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), docosahexaenoic acid, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, the docosahexaenoic acid source comprises docosahexaenoic acid.
Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.1% by weight long-chain fatty acid source. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.01% by weight long-chain omega-3 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.003% by weight long-chain omega-6 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed is fed to the rabbit for at least about 5 days.
Preferably, the docosahexaenoic acid content of a thigh or loin of the rabbit is increased by at least about 50%.
In accordance with the present invention, a method is provided for increasing productivity of a rabbit comprising feeding the rabbit a feed comprising a source of long-chain fatty acid, wherein the productivity of the rabbit is higher compared to a rabbit raised in the absence of the long-chain fatty acid source.
Preferably, the productivity is increased by decreasing the mortality rate of the rabbit. Preferably, the mortality rate is decreased by at least about 40% and more preferably, the mortality rate is decreased by at least about 50%. Preferably, the productivity is increased by increasing the average daily weight gain of the rabbit. Preferably, the average daily weight gain of the rabbit is increased by at least about 1%.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a marine source, more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a marine source selected from the group consisting of fish oil, fish meal and microorganisms, and more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises microorganisms.
Preferably, the microorganisms are in a dry form, more preferably the microorganisms are of the order Thraustochytriales, and more preferably the microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of Thraustochytrium, Schizochytrium, and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a long-chain fatty acid selected from the group consisting of linolenic acid, gammalinolenic acid, dihomogammalinolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (both omega-3 and omega-6 forms), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises docosahexaenoic acid.
Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.1% by weight long-chain fatty acid source. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.01% by weight long-chain omega-3 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.003% by weight long-chain omega-6 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed is fed to the rabbit for at least about 5 days.
In accordance with the present invention, a method is provided for decreasing the total amount of fat of a rabbit comprising feeding the rabbit a feed comprising a source of long-chain fatty acid, wherein the total amount of fat of the rabbit is lower compared to a rabbit raised in the absence of the long-chain fatty acid source.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a marine source, more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a marine source selected from the group consisting of fish oil, fish meal and microorganisms, and more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises microorganisms.
Preferably, the microorganisms are in a dry form, more preferably the microorganisms are of the order Thraustochytriales, and more preferably the microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of Thraustochytrium, Schizochytrium, and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a long-chain fatty acid selected from the group consisting of linolenic acid, gammalinolenic acid, dihomogammalinolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (both omega-3 and omega-6 forms), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises docosahexaenoic acid.
Preferably, the total amount of fat of the rabbit is decreased by at least about 5% and more preferably the total amount of fat of the rabbit is decreased by at least about 10%.
Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.1% by weight long-chain fatty acid source. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.01% by weight long-chain omega-3 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.003% by weight long-chain omega-6 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed is fed to the rabbit for at least about 5 days.
In accordance with the present invention, a method is provided for raising a female rabbit for breeding comprising feeding the female rabbit a feed comprising a source of long-chain fatty acid during one or more time periods selected from the group comprising the time period prior to pregnancy, the time period during pregnancy and the time period during lactation, wherein one or more of the characteristics selected from the group comprising fertility, growth, mortality and immunity of the female rabbit or the offspring of the female rabbit is improved compared to a female rabbit or offspring raised in the absence of the long-chain fatty acid source.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a marine source, more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a marine source selected from the group consisting of fish oil, fish meal and microorganisms, and more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises microorganisms.
Preferably, the microorganisms are in a dry form, more preferably the microorganisms are of the order Thraustochytriales, and more preferably the microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of Thraustochytrium, Schizochytrium, and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a long-chain fatty acid selected from the group consisting of linolenic acid, gammalinolenic acid, dihomogammalinolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (both omega-3 and omega-6 forms), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises docosahexaenoic acid.
Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.1% by weight long-chain fatty acid source. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.01% by weight long-chain omega-3 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.003% by weight long-chain omega-6 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed is fed to the rabbit for at least about 5 days.
In accordance with the present invention, a method is provided for increasing the long-chain fatty acid content of a rabbit comprising feeding the rabbit a feed comprising a long-chain fatty acid source. Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises microorganisms.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a marine source. Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises at least 10% (as % by weight total fatty acids) omega-3 long-chain fatty acid and at least 5% omega-6 long-chain fatty acid. More preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises at least 15% (as % by weight total fatty acids) omega-3 long-chain fatty acid and at least 10% omega-6 long-chain fatty acid.
Preferably, the microorganisms are in a dry form, more preferably the microorganisms are of the order Thraustochytriales, and more preferably the microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of Thraustochytrium, Schizochytrium, and mixtures thereof Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a long-chain fatty acid selected from the group consisting of linolenic acid, gammalinolenic acid, dihomogammalinolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (both omega-3 and omega-6 forms), docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises docosahexaenoic acid.
Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.1% by weight long-chain fatty acid source. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.01% by weight long-chain omega-3 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.003% by weight long-chain omega-6 fatty acid. Preferably, the feed is fed to the rabbit for at least about 5 days.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid content of a thigh or loin of the rabbit is increased by at least about 50%.
Preferably, the feed comprises from about 0.02% by weight to about 0.12% by weight long-chain omega-3 fatty acid, more preferably, from about 0.03% by weight to about 0.08%. Preferably, the feed comprises from about 0.008% by weight to about 0.03% by weight long-chain omega-6 fatty acid, more preferably, from about 0.01% by weight to about 0.02% by weight.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, rabbit meat is provided which is produced by the methods disclosed in the present application.
One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for raising a rabbit comprising feeding the rabbit a feed comprising a source of long-chain fatty acid, wherein the mortality rate of the rabbit is reduced compared to a rabbit raised in the absence of the long-chain fatty acid source. Preferably, the mortality rate is decreased by at least about 30%, more preferably by at least about 50%, and most preferably at least about 65%.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for increasing an average daily weight gain of a rabbit comprising feeding the rabbit a feed comprising a long-chain fatty acid source, wherein the average daily weight gain of the rabbit is higher than a rabbit raised in the absence of the long-chain fatty acid source. Preferably, the average daily weight gain of the rabbit is increased by at least about 1%, more preferably by at least about 2%, more preferably by at least about 4%, and most preferably by at least about 6%.
Still another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for reducing a feed conversion rate in a rabbit comprising feeding the rabbit a feed comprising a long-chain fatty acid source, wherein the feed conversion rate of the rabbit is lower than a rabbit raised in the absence of the long-chain fatty acid source. Preferably, the feed conversion rate of the rabbit is decreased by at least about 0.03 g/day, more preferably by at least about 0.05 g/day, still more preferably by at least about 0.1 g/day, and most preferably by at least about 0.15 g/day. Alternatively, the feed conversion rate of the rabbit is decreased by at least about 1%, preferably by at least about 2%, and more preferably by at least about 3%.
Yet still another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for increasing productivity of a rabbit comprising feeding the rabbit a feed comprising a source of long-chain fatty acid, wherein the productivity of the rabbit is higher compared to a rabbit raised in the absence of the long-chain fatty acid source. In one aspect of the present invention, the productivity is increased by decreasing the mortality rate of the rabbit. In another aspect of the present invention, the productivity is increased by increasing the average daily weight gain of the rabbit. Preferably, the productivity is increased by both decreasing the mortality rate of the rabbit and increasing the average daily weight gain of the rabbit.
Still yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for increasing docosahexaenoic acid content of a rabbit comprising feeding the rabbit a feed comprising a docosahexaenoic acid source. In addition to, or as an alternative to, docosahexaenoic acid, the long-chain fatty acid source can comprise a precursor to docosahexaenoic acid such as linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (n-3), or mixtures thereof. The precursors can be elongated to docosahexaenoic acid, and the precursors and the subsequent elongation products can also accumulate in the rabbit meat.
Preferably, the docosahexaenoic acid content of the loin of the rabbit is increased by at least about 50%, more preferably by at least about 100%, still more preferably by at least about 200%, and most preferably by at least about 400%.
Preferably, the docosahexaenoic acid content of the thigh of the rabbit is increased by at least about 50%, more preferably by at least about 100%, still more preferably by at least about 200%, and most preferably by at least about 400%.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for decreasing the total amount of fat in rabbit meat comprising feeding the rabbit a feed comprising a long-chain fatty acid source, wherein the average total amount of fat in the resulting rabbit meat is lower than for a rabbit raised in the absence of the long-chain fatty acid source. Preferably, the average total amount of fat in the rabbit meat is decreased by at least about 5%, more preferably by at least about 10%, more preferably by at least about 15%, and most preferably by at least about 20%.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for raising a female rabbit for breeding comprising feeding the female rabbit a feed which includes a source of long-chain fatty acid during one or more time periods selected from the group including the time period prior to pregnancy, the time period during pregnancy and the time period during lactation, wherein one or more of the characteristics selected from the group including fertility, growth, mortality and immunity of the female rabbit or the offspring of the female rabbit is improved compared to a female rabbit or offspring raised in the absence of the long-chain fatty acid source.
Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.1% by weight long-chain fatty acid source, preferably at least about 0.2%, more preferably at least about 0.4%, and more preferably at least about 0.8%. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.01% by weight long-chain omega-3 fatty acid, more preferably at least about 0.015%, more preferably at least about 0.03%, and more preferably at least about 0.05%. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.01% by weight DHA, more preferably at least about 0.015%, more preferably at least about 0.03%, and more preferably at least about 0.05%. Preferably, the feed comprises at least about 0.003% by weight long-chain omega-6 fatty acid, preferably at least about 0.006%, more preferably at least about 0.01%, and more preferably at least about 0.02%.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a long-chain fatty acid having at least 18 carbons and at least three double bonds. Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises an omega-3 fatty acid and/or and an omega-6 fatty acid. While not wishing to be bound by any theory, it has been hypothesized that feeding a rabbit a combination of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can provide certain advantages. For example, it is possible that the omega-6 fatty acid contributes to the increase in growth, while the meat is being enriched with omega-3 fatty acid. Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid, more preferably a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid having at least 18 carbons and at least three double bonds, and more preferably DHA. Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises at least 10% (as % by weight total fatty acids) long-chain omega-3 fatty acid (preferably DHA), more preferably at least 15%, more preferably at least 20%, and more preferably at least 40%. Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises at least 5% (as % by weight total fatty acids) long-chain omega-6 fatty acid (preferably DPA (n-6) or ARA), more preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, and more preferably at least 30%. Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source includes at least 25% total fat, more preferably at least 35%, and more preferably at least 45%. Preferably, the ratio of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid to long-chain omega-6 fatty acid is in the range from about 1:1 to about 10:1.
The long-chain fatty acid source can be any source which comprises a long-chain fatty acid, i.e., a fatty acid containing at least about 18 carbon atoms, preferably at least about 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably at least about 22 carbons. Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid, ie., a fatty acid containing at least 3 unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds, preferably at least 4 unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds, more preferably at least about 5 unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds, and more preferably at least about 6 unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. The long-chain fatty acid source can also comprise precursors to long-chain fatty acids.
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a long-chain fatty acid selected from the group consisting of linolenic acid (LNA), gammalinolenic acid (GLA), dihomogammalinolenic acid (DGLA), stearidonic acid (STA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, both omega-3 and omega-6 forms), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), and mixtures thereof More preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises docosahexaenoic acid.
The long-chain fatty acid source can include lipids, such as lipids from animal, plant and/or microbial sources. As used herein, the term xe2x80x9clipidxe2x80x9d includes phospholipids; free fatty acids; esters of fatty acids; triacylglycerols; diacylglycerides; phosphatides; sterols and sterol esters; carotenoids; xanthophylls (e.g., oxycarotenoids); hydrocarbons; and other lipids. Examples of animal sources include aquatic animals (e.g., fish, marine mammals, crustaceans, etc.) and lipids extracted from animal tissues (e.g., brain, liver, eyes, etc.). Examples of plant sources include macroalgae, flax seeds, rapeseeds, evening primrose, soy and borage. Examples of microorganisms include microalgae, protists and fungi (including yeast).
Preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises a marine source selected from the group consisting of fish oil, fish meal and microorganisms. The use of a microorganism source, such as algae, provides organoleptic advantages, i.e., meat from rabbits consuming fatty acids from a microorganism source does not have the fishy taste and smell (organoleptic problems) that meat from rabbits consuming fatty acids from a fish source tends to have. More preferably, the long-chain fatty acid source comprises microorganisms. Preferably, the microorganisms are of the order Thraustochytriales. More preferably, the microorganisms are selected from the group consisting of Thraustochytrium, Schizochytrium, and mixtures thereof. It should be noted that many experts agree that Ulkenia is not a separate genus, but is in fact part of the genus Schizochytrium. As used herein, the genus Schizochytrium will include Ulkenia. Information regarding such microorganisms can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,130,242 and 5,340,594, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. When the long-chain fatty acid source comprises microorganisms, the microorganisms are preferably in a dry form, more preferably a whole cell dry form.
The long-chain fatty acid source is preferably fed to rabbits for at least about 5 days, more preferably at least about 10 days, more preferably at least about 20 days, and more preferably at least about 35 days. Although the rabbits are typically fed during the grower/finishing period, the rabbits can also be fed during the adaptation period (e.g., to increase the immune response of the rabbit) or during the weaning period (e.g., long-chain fatty acids can be fed to the mother during weaning of the baby rabbits in order to pass on the benefits to the babies).
Alternatively, the long-chain fatty acid(s) can be extracted from a source and, preferably, microencapsulated. Lipids containing the desired long-chain fatty acid(s) can be extracted from the various sources by any suitable means, such as by supercritical fluid extraction or by extraction with solvents such as chloroform, hexane, methylene chloride, methanol and the like. Alternatively, the lipids may be extracted using solventless extraction techniques, such as are described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/177,125 entitled xe2x80x9cSOLVENTLESS EXTRACTION PROCESSxe2x80x9d filed Jan. 19,2000, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/766,50 entitled xe2x80x9cSOLVENTLESS EXTRACTION PROCESSxe2x80x9d filed Jan. 19, 2001, and PCT Patent Application Ser. No. PCT/US01/01806 entitled xe2x80x9cSOLVENTLESS EXTRACTION PROCESSxe2x80x9d filed Jan. 19, 2001, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The extracted lipids can be evaporated under reduced pressure to produce a sample of concentrated lipid material.
A typical pelletized rabbit ration fed during the grower/finishing period is outlined as follows:
This ration is pelletized (at temperatures of 70-90xc2x0 C.) into pellets of about 3mm in diameter and 1-1.5 cm long.
As can be seen, there are no sources of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in this typical rabbit ration. While conducting research (feeding trials) investigating ways to enrich rabbit meat with long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, we have discovered that adding a source of these fatty acids to the rabbits feed ration can also increase overall productivity. We have found that providing a source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in the feed of production rabbits during the grower/finishing stage of production not only results in enrichment of the rabbit meat with long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, it can also decrease rabbit mortality, improve average daily weight gain and improve feed conversion efficiency.


An anvil assembly suitable for trans-oral delivery is provided. The anvil assembly includes a housing configured to receive a guide suture that is severed during a stapling procedure. An anvil delivery assembly including the anvil assembly and a suture guide assembly secured to the anvil assembly is also provided.

Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to an anvil assembly for use with a surgical stapling device. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an anvil assembly for trans-oral delivery of the anvil assembly.
Background of Related Art
Trans-oral delivery systems for delivering an anvil assembly to a surgical site, e.g., the stomach, are known. In known delivery systems, a guide suture is threaded through one or more openings in the head of the anvil assembly to facilitate trans-oral insertion of the anvil assembly. The guide suture may be used to dislodge the anvil assembly if it becomes stuck within a body lumen during trans-oral delivery and/or to retrieve the anvil assembly in the event of an emergency, e.g., cardiac arrest. Improved methods for securing the guide suture to an anvil assembly to facilitate detachment of the guide suture from the anvil assembly once the anvil assembly is delivered to the surgical site and/or the stapling procedure has been performed is desirable.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


The present invention provides a process for desulfurizing gasoline fraction by solvent extraction: introducing the gasoline fraction into an extraction tower at a lower-middle part thereof, introducing a solvent into the extraction tower at the top thereof, injecting saturated C5 hydrocarbon into a reflux device at the bottom of the extraction tower, wherein the gasoline fraction which is desulfurized flows out from the top of the extraction tower; the solvent that has extracted sulfide, aromatics and C5 hydrocarbon flows out from the bottom of the extraction tower, and is separated into a C5 hydrocarbon-containing light component, a sulfur-rich component, water and the solvent. The present invention also provides a process for deeply desulfurizing catalytic cracking gasoline, which flexibly combines the process described above and an existing desulfurization technology.

Confronted with a trend of increasingly severe hazy weather, the government has accelerated the pace of quality upgrading of gasoline and diesel, and state IV emission standard for oil products was nationally implemented in 2014, which requires the sulfur content of gasoline to be decreased to less than 50 ppm; meanwhile state V quality standard was put forward, which requires the sulfur content of gasoline below 10 ppm, and was implemented in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou in 2013 firstly. The catalytic cracking gasoline accounts for a share of about 70˜80% of domestic gasoline product components, and thus as a matter of fact, gasoline desulfurization mainly refers to catalytic cracking gasoline desulfurization.
Existing representative technology for desulfurizing catalytic cracking gasoline includes Chinese Sinopec's S-zorb and Research Institute of Petroleum Processing's RSDS and French Prime-G+. The S-zorb is initially developed by U.S. Conocophillips company, and is bought out and improved by China Sinopec Corporation. The S-zorb is used for desulfurizing full-range catalytic gasoline, and after desulfurizing, sulfur content may be controlled below 10 ppm and octane number loss of the full-range gasoline is 1.0˜2.0 units. The RSDS is developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, this technology separates the catalytic gasoline into light and heavy fractions firstly, wherein the light fractions are sweetened by extraction, and the heavy fractions are subjected to selective hydrodesulfurization; when a product having sulfur content of less than 10 ppm is produced by this technology, the yield of light fractions is about 20%, a majority thereof needs to be hydrogenated, and the octane number loss of the full-range gasoline is between 3.0˜40. The Prime-G+ is developed by French Axens company, it uses a process flow of full-range prehydrogenation, light and heavy gasoline separation, and heavy fraction selective hydrodesulfurization, and is characterized in that: during the full-range prehydrogenation, light sulfide is reacted with dialkene to form a sulfide with a high boiling point, wherein the olefin is not being saturated, and then light and heavy gasoline fractions are separated into a light fraction having a sulfur content of less than 10 ppm and a sulfur-rich heavy fraction, with the heavy fraction subjected to hydrodesulfurization; as in the RSDS, although a part of sulfur-poor light components may not be subjected to a hydrogenation treatment, since the yield of the light components with sulfur content of less than 10 ppm is very low, a majority thereof needs the hydrogenation treatment, resulting in that the octane number loss of the full-range gasoline also is between 3.0˜4.0.
In summary, there are many problems, such as a large proportion of hydrogenation treatment in the whole process and high octane number loss, in these existing technologies for reducing sulfur content of catalytic cracking gasoline, when they are used for deep desulfurization of gasoline. There is a pressing need in the market to develop a non-hydrodesulfurization technology with low octane number loss.

Process for deeply desulfurizing catalytic cracking gasoline


A view finder of a camera includes a taking optical system, and a finder optical system which is separate from the taking optical system. The view finder has a normal photographic mode and a macro photographic mode. The finder optical system includes a field frame having a photographic field correcting mark at a close object distance in the normal photographic mode, and a variable power lens group for varying the magnification of the finder, so that the variable power lens group decreases the finder magnification in association with the shift from the normal photographic mode to the macro photographic mode.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a view finder of a camera and more precisely relates to a view finder of a camera having a finder optical system separate from a taking optical system and a macro photographing mode.
This application is related to the commonly assigned U.S. Ser. No. 07/655,302 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,081,480), the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference herein.
2. Description of Related Art
In a camera having a finder optical system in addition to the photographing optical system, parallax inevitably occurs. Particularly, in a Camera having a macro photographing mode, there is a large degree of parallax in the macro mode. To solve this problem, it is known to provide a parallax compensating optical element which is moved into the optical path in the macro mode, or which moves the existing field frame.
However, in a known parallax compensating mechanism in which the optical path of the bundle of rays within the field of view of the finder is shifted from the optical path in a normal photographing mode, the image quality is deteriorated due to aberration, etc., which cannot be easily eliminated.
Furthermore, it is necessary to correct the diopter so that an image of an object may be observed at a close distance. To this end, in a conventional camera, a diopter correcting mechanism must be provided in addition to the parallax compensating mechanism, resulting in a complex and expensive camera.

View finder of camera having macro photographing mode


A device for determining the radial displacement of a motor vehicle relative to the overall direction-of-track of same, said device comprising a swing arm; a tire/wheel assembly which is operatively disposed upon one end of said swing arm and is provided to facilitate tractive rolling engagement of said swing arm with a road surface; a spring-loaded pivot assembly secured to substantially the end of said swing arm opposite of said tire/wheel assembly; and a rotatably free kingpin which is secured to said swing arm through said spring-loaded pivot in such manner as to provide a radial reference for said spring-loaded pivot to facilitate the forcing of said tire/wheel assembly onto said road surface for the purpose of tractively following any perturbations existant thereon. Said kingpin defines a rotational axis which extends essentially normally from said road surface, the relationship of the rotational axis of said kingpin to the rolling axis of said tire/wheel assembly creates a caster effect which allows said swing arm to track with the vector that said motor vehicle is travelling in. A suitable housing, which is also provided, rotatably secures said kingpin and secures and references a potentiometer therewithin and to the underportion of said motor vehicle. Said potentiometer is mechanically synchronized to the radial displacements of said rotatably free kingpin within said housing for the purpose of translating said displacements, and hence, the changing radial relationship of said vehicle to the vector in which the motor vehicle is travelling, into an electrical resistive value.

The present invention relates to devices and processes which are utilized to detect or limit positional errors with respect to the intended direction-of-track of a motor vehicle during maneuvering upon a road surface.
A number of apparatuses have been disclosed in prior art seeking to achieve the aforestated objective. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,719,246 BOTT discloses a machine which is comprised of a gyroscope, an array of sensors and actuators and a control circuit. The sensors and gyroscope are disposed about the structure of a motor vehicle in a manner which facilitates the gathering of data concerning the pitch, roll and yaw axes as well as the transverse velocity of the vehicle's tires and the steered direction of the front wheels. Forward velocity is also measured, along with the attendant position of the throttle plate. These parameters are introduced into the disclosed control circuit which selectively modulates throttle and braking responses to the vehicle's several wheels in response to an inferred sliding condition of the automobile, as dictated by one of three programs which is manually selected by the operator of the motor vehicle. In a similar manner, U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,466 SHIMADA et. al. discloses in his teaching a device which comprises G-sensors disposed about the structure of an automobile for the purpose of providing a transductive matrix from which an on-board computer may infer the tractive state of the subject vehicle and adjust the velocity of the automobile as necessary to avoid a sliding condition of same. U.S. Pat. No. 5,351,192 TSUYAMA et. al. also teaches in his disclosure an inference-type apparatus which utilizes a measuring system to quantify the lateral and rectilinear accelerations of a motor vehicle from the rotational differential of the vehicle's wheels for the purpose of estimating the associated road surface's resistance. With his arrangement, a sliding condition of the motor vehicle can be discerned by an on-board computer system based upon the factors of estimated road surface resistance and the vehicle's instant operational mode.
All of the aforementioned systems are not true positional detection devices and therefore must infer from the data gathered from a number of associated input devices when a motor vehicle has lost, or is about to lose, directional fidelity. As such, these machines must make fairly broad assumptions concerning the tractive state of the subject motor vehicle. These assumptions can lead to operational errors which, at the least, will narrow the envelope of the vehicle's handling potential, and quite possibly could lead to hazardous operational modes. Also, by their nature, the aforestated type of devices are very complex in terms of hardware and software and pose considerable practical difficulties in terms of adaptability of any one completed structure to another similar-type vehicle.

Device for determining the radial displacement of a motor vehicle relative to the overall direction-of-track of same


A material used to fabricate sashes used by window assemblies. The material comprises a foam core covered by a cladding material. The foam core acts as a filler and provides insulation, while the cladding material protects the foam core from the environment and physical abuse. Often, a structural assembly or member is provided to stiffen the sash material. The cladding and structural assembly are placed into a mold and resin is injected into the mold between the cladding and the structural assembly. The resin cures to form the foam core. The foam core bonds the cladding and structural assembly together to form the sash material. The sash material is cut with woodworking tools to form a sash for a window assembly. The cladding is configured such that, when the window assembly is installed in a wall, interior vapor barrier material and exterior air barrier material applied to the wall overlap with the cladding material to reduce air flow through the wall around the window assembly.

Windows are conventionally formed by inserting a window assembly into an opening in a wall. The window assembly basically comprises window panes and a sash in which the panes are mounted.
Numerous materials and combinations of materials have been employed to form window sashes. Wood has long been a desirable material for fabricating window sashes; wood is aesthetically pleasing and, being a good insulator, is warm to the touch. However, wood has become quite expensive and is too costly for many window installations. Further, it is difficult to seal the juncture between a wood window assembly and the wall surrounding the opening in which the window assembly is mounted.
Aluminum has also been commonly used as a sash material. Window assemblies using aluminum sashes are relatively inexpensive; however, aluminum sashes have undesirable thermal properties and, under certain weather conditions, "sweat," resulting in moisture accumulating on the inside of the sash.
Extruded polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is also commonly used as a sash material. Extruded PVC sashes are nearly as inexpensive as aluminum sashes and do not sweat like aluminum sashes. However, PVC sashes also have undesirable thermal properties: they are poor insulators and are cool to the touch.
Wood clad with PVC has also been used as a sash material. This product has many of the aesthetic and insulating qualities of an entirely wood sash, and the PVC cladding protects the wood, thereby reducing the long term maintenance costs of the product. However, PVC clad wood sashes are expensive and are still difficult to seal against unwanted air flowing between the window assembly and the frame defining the opening.
Sashes are also made of pultruded fiberglass. Pultruded fiberglass sashes have better thermal characteristics than PVC sashes but not as good as wood or PVC clad wood sashes. Pultruded fiberglass sashes are also expensive and tend to be cool to the touch.

Windows and methods of making and installing windows


To acquire tomographs, two detectors (1, 2) are secured together in a support structure (3) in such a manner that their detection fields are inclined relative to each other. The angle of inclination between them is preferably 90.degree.. This pair of detectors is then placed in such a manner that the plane (9) bisecting the two detection fields includes the axis of rotation (4) around which the pair of detectors is to rotate to perform tomography on a subject. For fat subjects, the pair is moved away (13) from the axis, and for thin subjects it is moved towards it. It is shown that to avoid detector displacement interfering with tomography computation, it suffices merely to change computation parameters in the reconstruction algorithm.

The present invention relates to tomograph acquisition apparatus usable, in particular, in the medical field. It relates essentially to acquiring tomographs with scintigraphy detectors that are easy to use.
The principles of scintigraphy detectors is known in nuclear medicine. They are as follows. A radioactive marker, generally technetium, is injected into a patient. As a function of its nature, the marker is distributed from its point of injection into various portions of the patient's body. In the patient's body, the marker is to be found in the organ under investigation and it reveals the function thereof. The marker produces gamma photons. After passing through a collimator, the gamma photons are detected by a scintillator crystal, whence the term "scintigraphy detector". The crystal transforms the gamma photons into light photons. The light photons are in turn detected by photomultiplier tubes placed looking at the scintillator. The currents that flow through the photomultiplier tubes are in the form of pulses and are a function of the magnitude of the scintillation produced. These currents are applied to a resistance matrix. The resistance matrix outputs "locating" pulses that specify the position at which scintillation took place facing the photomultiplier tubes.
A counter unit connected to the output from the resistance matrix serves to sum the number of such pulses occurring at each location on the scintillator. It is then possible to create an image representative of the activity of the marker in the body by attributing brightness to each image point as a function of the number of strikes that have been counted for each of said locations. Such a method is known in the state of the art under the name "Anger" method. With very fast scintigraphy cameras, e.g. capable of counting up to 200,000 strikes per second, an image constituting a projection of a portion of the human body can be generated in about 30 seconds.
The detector is mounted in a rotary assembly called a gamma camera which also serves to aim the detector. If the detector is aimed in different directions relative to the body, multiple images can be acquired under the same conditions. By acquiring a sufficient number of images for different aiming directions of the detector, the set of image signals can be subjected to processing suitable for obtaining tomographs of the body by algorithmic reconstruction. Given that the accuracy of such tomographic images increases with the number of projection images, it can be seen that such a method leads to periods of examination that are relatively long.
Proposals have already been made to remedy this problem by constructing gamma cameras provided with two, three, or even more detectors. Under such circumstances, the duration of an examination is reduced, substantially pro rata the number of detectors.
However, another problem arises. To obtain projection images, and consequently tomographs, that have very good resolution, it is necessary for the detectors to be placed as close as possible to the body. Unfortunately, patients to be examined are not all the same size, some are fat, others are thin. In addition, depending on the examination being performed, it may be necessary for the detectors to be at various different distances from the body. For example, an examination around the belly requires the detectors to be at a different distance from the patient than an examination around the head, since the diameter of the head is smaller. A known way of solving this problem is to mount the detectors on telescopic arms and to move the detectors initially as close as possible to the patient. During an examination, the detector travels around a circle whose diameter depends on said distance from the patient. A device of this kind is for example depicted in U.S. Pat. No. 4,368,389.
The drawback of such a telescopic mechanism is that it is twice as complex when there are two detectors instead of only one, and so on. The telescopic mechanism is itself mounted on a rotary assembly enabling the detectors to be pointed in different image-taking directions.

Tomograph acquisition apparatus having a pair of rotatable scintillation detectors which form detection fields at an angle of inclination relative to each other


A system and method of notifying a remote client of a sensor triggering event and providing data related to the sensor triggering event to the remote client. The method has the steps of receiving a first notification signal indicating that a sensor has been triggered; identifying a data recording device associated with the triggered sensor wherein the data recording device records video data; identifying a client device designated to receive the video data when the sensor has been triggered; transmitting to the client device a second notification signal indicating that the sensor has been triggered; receiving an acknowledgement signal from the client device; and transmitting the video data to the client device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and system for providing information, such as image, video and/or audio data, to remote clients. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and system for detecting an event, recording visual and/or audio information associated with the event, alerting a remote client of the event, and transmitting the visual and/or audio information to a remote client device (e.g., PC, PDA or cellular telephone).
2. Description of the Related Technology
Analog Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) systems have been used for remote presence and security viewing for almost fifty years. By utilizing shielded coaxial cable as the medium to transmit the video from an analog camera to a central location for viewing on a television monitor, these networks are secure from unauthorized clients gaining access to the video. The cost of installing the shielded coaxial cable, however, prohibits the wide area transmission of this video. Generally, a central viewing room is located on the premises where the cameras are installed. The video can be viewed off the premises or archived by transferring the video taken for each camera to a videotape via a videocassette recorder (VCR). This mode of transmission and storage of video is inefficient, as it requires a large amount of human intervention. Also, since CCTV systems are closed to anyone outside of the central viewing room, off site monitoring of the video is not possible. Controlling which clients are allowed access to the central viewing room is the only way to control access to the video from any camera.
With the advent of the Internet, networked digital video cameras are now available. These digital video cameras transmit their captured video using Internet Protocol (IP) technologies. Clients authorized to access the digital communications network (e.g., Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), World Wide Web ("www" or "Internet"), to which the cameras are communicatively linked, can view the video from a particular camera from their Personal Computer (PC). Access to the video is controlled utilizing technologies developed for the Internet. A client, utilizing a web browser on their personal computer, can access the video captured by a particular camera by accessing that camera via a web page or directly accessing the camera if is "web-server enabled." Web-server enabled cameras are assigned their own unique URL address and contain the necessary circuitry and embedded software so that clients can directly access their video feed via the Internet. Such cameras are well known in the art. Similarly, techniques for accessing the video feed of a camera via a designated web page or portal are also well known in the art. Typically, in order to access these cameras or web portals, a client is authenticated through a client username and password that is unique to that client. The system can be compromised if an unauthorized user learns the username and password of an authorized client.
Digital communication networks also allow video captured by digital and/or analog cameras to be made accessible to clients not physically located on the premises where the video is captured. This ability to transmit the video via digital communication networks has greatly improved the efficiency for archiving and viewing the captured video by offsite clients. However, such systems are vulnerable to attack. For example, Internet hackers can steal usernames and passwords and gain access to the content being transmitted by these cameras. This is a major problem that has forced many corporations and personal clients to employ encryption technologies that increase the cost of the service.
In an attempt to conserve the bandwidth required to transmit video over an IP network, digital cameras have utilized data compression techniques. Generally, through known video compression techniques, the size of the video data to be transmitted over the network can be reduced by a factor of 100 to 140 times the size of the original video data. This greatly reduces the cost and bandwidth requirements of transmitting the video. In order for a client to view the video on their personal computer (PC), the client must have the corresponding decompression software available to them. Since the approach used by most camera companies is proprietary, this software must be loaded onto the PC prior to the client accessing the data from a camera. If a client has cameras on their network that are manufactured by different sources, these cameras will require their own stand-alone decompression software. This adds to the complexity in trying to use the system, since clients must know which compression/decompression software is required for each camera. Also, it is not currently possible for a client to access remote cameras using a device other than a PC. New devices such as "Smart Cell Phones," however, have the capability to view images and video as long as the data compression and transmission conforms to known standards adopted for such phones. However, cellular phones do not currently provide clients with the ability to access remote cameras customized specifically for their viewing.
Additionally, it would be desirable to alert or notify remote clients of the occurrence of a pre-specified event or phenomenon and thereafter provide live, real-time (or as close as the transmission speed will allow) visual and/or audio data to the remote clients who are registered or authorized to receive such alerts and corresponding data. Currently, neither cell phones, nor any other type of remote client devices (e.g., PC's, PDA's) for that matter, provide this functionality to clients.
Today's digital cameras have greatly reduced the cost of installation. Since these cameras can utilize the IP data format to transmit the video, they can be placed anywhere there is an Ethernet jack for connection to a digital communications network (e.g., LAN, WAN or Internet). Analog cameras require a shielded coaxial cable to be installed for each camera. However, with the use of appropriate analog-to-digital (A/D) converters and processing circuitry to format, compress, and transmit data across a digital communications network, analog cameras can also be placed at remote locations and accessed via a digital communications network. This flexibility of being able to place cameras at various designated remote locations and connect the cameras to a network, potentially allows clients to obtain visual information in accordance with various scenarios or objectives. One particular scenario or objective could be the placing of a camera to monitor who enters a particular door over a week-long period. Another example is the placing of a camera to record how many cars park in a certain location during a 12-hour period. This flexibility also presents a problem, however, since digital cameras can potentially be placed in areas that infringe upon the privacy rights of individuals or for other illegal purposes. Without the knowledge of the network administrator, a client with the intent of spying on individuals or private locations could move or place cameras at improper locations.

Method and system for providing image, video and audio data to remote users


A heat dissipation device includes a heat sink and a pair of heat pipes fixed to the heat sink. The heat sink includes a rectangular post, four branches extending outwardly from four corners of the post, respectively, and a plurality of fins extending between the branches. Each heat pipe includes an evaporating section attached to a bottom of the post, a condensing section parallel to the evaporation section and attached to a top of the post, and an adiabatic section interconnecting the evaporating section and the condensing section. A block is secured to bottoms of the condensing sections of the heat pipes.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a heat dissipation device, and more particularly, to a heat dissipation device having a high heat dissipation capability.
2. Description of Related Art
Electronic components generate heat during operation. In order to ensure stable operation of the electronic components, the heat should be timely removed from the electronic components by some heat dissipation devices. A generally used heat dissipation device in the related art is so-called sunflower heat sink, which includes a solid post contacting the electronic components to absorb heat therefrom and a plurality of fins extending outwardly from the post to dissipate the heat from the post.
However, with development in technical, nowadays the electronic components operate in relatively high frequency, and thus generate heat much more than in the past. Such simple structure of the sunflower heat sink cannot satisfy the heat dissipation requirement of the electronic components any more. Therefore, many developments are applied to the heat sink to raise the heat dissipation capability thereof, one of which is to replace the original solid post with a hollow post containing coolant therein (generally called vapor chamber). Due to high heat conducting capability of the vapor chamber, heat can be rapidly transferred from the electronic components to the fins, thereby ensuring operation temperature of the electronic components within a preferable range. However, in contrast to the solid post, the cost of the vapor chamber is relatively high, causing the whole cost of the heat sink to be raised unexpectedly.
What is needed, therefore, is a heat dissipation device which can overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages.

Fu Zhun Precision Industry (Shen Zhen) Co., Ltd.


A method of transferring memory from an active to a standby memory in an FT Server system. The method includes the steps of: reserving a portion of memory using BIOS; loading and initializing an FT Kernel Mode Driver; loading and initializing an FT Virtual Machine Manager (FTVMM) including the Second Level Address Translation table SLAT into the reserved memory. In another embodiment, the method includes tracking memory accesses using the FTVMM's SLAT in Reserved Memory and tracking “L2” Guest memory accesses by tracking the current Guest's SLAT and intercepting the Hypervisor's writes to the SLAT. In yet another embodiment, the method includes entering Brownout by collecting the D-Bits; invalidating the processor's cached SLAT translation entries, and copying the dirtied pages from the active memory to memory in the second Subsystem. In one embodiment, the method includes entering Blackout and moving the final dirty pages from active to the mirror memory.

A fault tolerant server ("FT Server") is a computer system with redundant hardware and software that permits a currently active server subsystem to fail, and yet permit the continued processing of data on a duplicate or redundant server subsystem. Such an FT Server must maintain a duplicated or mirrored current image of the operating system state in the second non-active server subsystem, and that image must include all the processor, register, cache and memory state of the currently active server subsystem, so as to reduce the possibility of functional server failure when a hardware component fails. In such an FT Server, the first or currently active server subsystem memory must be copied and updated into a physically separate, mirrored physical memory system in the second or currently non-active server subsystem in order to continue operation using that second previously non-active server subsystem with no or minimal interruption when a hardware component failure occurs in first or active server subsystem. In such an FT Server, after the memory contents and processor state of the two server subsystems have been made identical, the two subsystems must continue to execute all their processing operations in a parallel and identical manner that generates identical memory contents on the two subsystems unless a hardware failure or a transient hardware error occurs. In this discussion, the phrases "FT Server" and the "Server" are used synonymously.
In more detail, such a redundant or mirrored physical FT Server (also referred to as a "Mirrored System") in one embodiment typically includes two physically separate but logically identical server subsystem modules which may be termed mirrored processor and memory units. In this configuration, the FT Server computer system consists of two physically separate processing units which contain identical memory data and identical processor and clocking states. When such an FT Server is first started or booted, or when a module is removed or replaced, the system will temporarily execute in a non-redundant mode with only one FT Server subsystem functioning. When the malfunctioning unit is brought back into service after a transient hardware error, or when the malfunctioning unit is replaced, the FT Server will transition again into the highly reliable fault tolerant state by using a hardware and software mechanism to copy the current processor and memory state of the functioning FT Server subsystem into the new or uninitialized module of the repaired FT Server subsystem. The FT Server then enters a state of mirrored execution in which the two modules receive identical IO device inputs from the external environment, and the two modules continue to generate identical processor, memory, and system hardware clock states on their own. The mirrored subsystems can be described as operating "in lockstep". While in the state of Mirrored Execution, the FT Server uses logic within a hardware Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) component to detect hardware errors or other state differences in either Mirrored Subsystem, and to isolate the failing subsystem so that the other subsystem can continue to operate normally. While in the state of Mirrored Execution, the FPGA causes all IO Direct Memory Access (DMA) writes into system memory to occur in parallel with the same timing on both subsystems, so that the two subsystems receive identical IO device inputs from the external environment.
To create the mirrored state, the entire current system memory contents must be copied into the new module. The system memory is constantly being written and modified by the currently running programs and workload, such as the Operating System or "OS" installed on the FT Server; the services and applications installed on the Server; the Operating System's commonly used Hypervisor, if installed to control virtual machines and any virtual machine (VM) guests; and the guest operating systems and programs of those virtual machine guests. These changes to active system memory are termed "dirty pages" and must be detected by a selective memory mirroring hardware and software mechanism so as to be able to create a fault-tolerant mirrored memory state by copying just the changes in memory (i.e., the changes in memory which occur during and after an initial phase which copies the entire system memory into the new memory module). By copying just the changes in memory (after the initial complete copy has completed), a copy of the entire active memory is maintained without introducing the excessive delays or temporary server outages that would accompany suspending the system workload in order to complete the copying of all of the memory of the active server subsystem.
The native operating system of the FT Server and its components may not provide a suitable memory-mirroring interface or API. This is especially true when a hypervisor such as Windows Hyper-V, VMWare ESX, or Linux KVM has been enabled in the FT Server. What is needed is a method for determining dirty pages for operating systems that do not provide a suitable memory-mirroring interface.
The present invention addresses this need.

Method for dirty-page tracking and full memory mirroring redundancy in a fault-tolerant server


A method of manufacturing a cylinder apparatus wherein although an opening of a cylinder body is closed by a covering member, processing and parts costs are reduced, fluid leakage is prevented, and the apparatus can be reduced in size. The cylinder apparatus includes a piston (17) which is caused to slidingly move in a bore (26) of a cylinder (21). The cylinder 21 includes a covering member (43) provided in a bottom portion (42) of the cylinder (21), and a cylinder body (46) having an opening that is closed by the covering member (43). The covering member (43) is friction stir welded to the cylinder body (46).

The present invention relates to a cylinder apparatus and a disk brake.
As an example of a cylinder apparatus in which a piston slidingly moves in a cylinder, there is known a disk brake wherein a braking operation is effected by causing a piston to slidingly move in a cylinder under application of a hydraulic pressure, whereby the piston is pushed outward relative to the cylinder against a brake pad, which in turn is brought into contact with a brake disk. To facilitate a process of forming an interior of a cylinder of such a disk brake, a cylinder may be divided into a covering member, which is provided in a bottom portion of the cylinder, and a cylinder body that has an opening which is closed by the covering member. In using this configuration, a process of forming an interior of the cylinder body is performed through the opening, after which the covering member is attached to the cylinder body so as to close the opening. Attachment of the covering member is effected by screwing the covering member into the opening of the cylinder body (refer to, for example, Japanese Utility Model Public Disclosure No. HEI 05-64542 and Japanese Utility Model Public Disclosure No. HEI 06-69456).
However, in a connecting structure such as that of the above-mentioned cylinder, in which a cover member is screwed into an opening of a cylinder body, it is necessary to form a male thread on the covering member and a female thread on the cylinder body. Further, it is also necessary to form a tool-attaching portion such as a hexagonal socket for applying a force to the covering member to connect it to the cylinder body. To ensure sufficient strength, when a tool-attaching portion such as a hexagonal socket is employed, it is necessary to increase a thickness of the covering member. Further, it is necessary to form threads and a seal groove. As a result, an axial dimension of the cylinder increases. In employing such a configuration, it is also necessary to provide the covering member or the cylinder body with a seal ring for sealing a gap between the covering member and the cylinder body. Provision of the seal ring necessitates formation of a seal groove for holding the seal ring. This significantly increases processing costs. Further, use of a seal ring causes an increase in an overall number of parts used, and, therefore, a corresponding increase in parts' costs. Further, use of a seal ring gives rise to a danger of fluid loss (fluid leakage) due to elastic deformation or the like of the seal ring. These problems relate not only to disk brakes, but also to a variety of other cylinder apparatuses in which a structure is employed wherein an opening of a cylinder body is closed by a covering member.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a cylinder apparatus and a disk brake wherein although an opening of a cylinder body is closed by a covering member, the cylinder apparatus and disk brake are leak proof and can be reduced in size, and processing and parts' costs are also kept low.


A belt anchor assembly includes an anchor plate disposed adjacent vehicle structure and having a belt attached thereto. The belt anchor assembly also includes a fastener securing the anchor plate to the vehicle structure. The anchor plate includes a structure cooperating with the vehicle structure to limit rotation of the anchor plate about the fastener to a predetermined amount and to orientate the anchor plate relative to the vehicle structure.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to seat belt systems for vehicles and, more specifically to, a belt anchor assembly for a seat belt system on a vehicle.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is known to construct seat belt systems for vehicles to restrain forward movement of a vehicle occupant in the event of a sudden vehicle deceleration. It is also known to construct a belt anchor assembly for the seat belt system to anchor a length of belt webbing to vehicle structure. Typically, the belt anchor assembly includes an anchor plate having the belt webbing attached thereto. The anchor plate is secured to the vehicle structure by a fastener. While this approach securely anchors one end of the seat belt system to the vehicle structure, it suffers from the disadvantage that the anchor plate may rotate about the fastener which is undesired. Another disadvantage of the belt anchor assembly is that the anchor plate may not be orientated in a desired position when secured to the vehicle structure during installation.


A measuring system for performing measurements on a device under test is provided. The measuring system comprises a measuring device, a probe connected to the measuring device, a power sensor and a positioning unit. The positioning unit is adapted to connect the probe to the power sensor in a first configuration and to the device under test in a second configuration. The measuring device is adapted to generate a first signal. The probe is adapted to supply the first signal to the power sensor and the first configuration and to supply the first signal to the device under test and the second configuration. The power sensor is adapted to determine the power of the first signal and the first configuration. The measuring device is adapted to regulate the power of the first signal in the second configuration based upon the power determined by the power sensor.

For performing tests on devices under test, especially for measuring on individual devices on a wafer, the devices are usually contacted by using a probe comprising measuring tips. The probe is moved with regard to the device under test. The measuring tips contact contact pads on the surface of the device under test of the wafer. Now, a measurement can be performed. Such a measuring system is shown in the European patent application EP 2 840 598 A1.
Exemplary probes are shown in the documents U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,795,889 B2, 7,764,072 B2 and 7,786,741 B2.
When performing measurements on the device under test, it is important to know the exact power level of the measuring signal supplied to the device under test. An accurate power measurement usually though cannot be performed by the network analyzer performing the measurement. A dedicated power sensor is usually used. For example, the documents U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,741,070 B2, 7,705,582 B2 and 6,767,129 B2 show power measurement cells as used in such dedicated power sensors. Moreover, document DE 10 2008 057 607 A1 also shows an exemplary power measurement cell.
In order to determine the power level of the signal generated, for example by a network analyzer to be supplied to the device under test, usually the measuring probe is detached from the measuring device. The measuring device is then connected to the power sensor. The measuring device then generates the measuring signal and supplies it usually via coaxial cable to the power sensor, which determines the power of the measuring signal. Afterwards, the probe is reattached and measurements are performed with a now known power level. In order to increase accuracy, it is possible to model an influence of the probe on the measuring signal and accordingly modify the measuring signal.
Performing the above-mentioned process though requires a great deal of effort, since the detaching of the probe, the attaching of the power sensor and the reattaching of the probe are steps, which have to be performed manually and cannot be automated. Therefore, the step of performing a power calibration usually is only performed once at the beginning of a measurement series and not repeated later on. This leads to possibly inaccurate measuring results.
Also, the model based compensation of the influence of the measuring probe is notoriously inaccurate.
Accordingly, one object of the invention among others is to provide a measuring system and a measuring method, which allow for an accurate power calibration directly at the point at which the device under test is measured.
Also, another object of the invention is to achieve a low handling effort for the operator.

Measuring system and measuring method with power calibration