The present invention reduces signaling between a mobile control node and one or more base stations. A common controller at each base station controls allocation of communication resources related to communications with mobile communication units. A single message is sent from the mobile control node to at least one of the base stations including information that identifies plural communication resources at the one base station, e.g., channel units corresponding to plural sector cells supported by the base station. The common controller at the one base station distributes the single message to the plural communication resources to be communicated ultimately by one of those communications resources to the mobile communication units. Signaling between a control node and plural base stations is therefore reduced by sending a single message from the control node to the base station that identifies plural communication resources at the base station rather than sending a separate message to each of the communications resources.

Mobile communications systems, such as cellular radio telephone systems, are typically realized as a network of neighboring radio cells which together provide complete coverage of the area to be serviced. Mobile radio subscribers may roam freely within the area of the system from one cell to another. One well known digital mobile radio system is the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). Although the present invention is sometimes described using GSM terms, the present invention has wide application, and in any event, applies to any type of cellular or other mobile communications system.
Each cell is served by a base station that includes radio transceiver equipment. Plural base stations are interconnected via a switching node sometimes referred to as a mobile switching center (MSC) which also may be connected to other networks such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN).
Alternatively, several base stations may be controlled by a base station controller (BSC) connected between the base stations and an MSC. Typically, several BSCs are served by a single MSC which controls calls to and from other telephony and data communication networks. Whichever node (MSC or BSC) interconnects a group of base stations, that node controls radio-related functions such as paging, radio channel allocation, hand-over, and power control.
When a call is directed to a mobile station (MS) in the mobile communications system, that mobile station must be located and then paged before a call connection can be established. These tasks are facilitated by having idle mobile stations tuned to a base station control channel and by having the mobile stations periodically transmit registration messages over a base station control channel. As the mobile station moves from cell to cell, it retunes to the current cell's corresponding control channel.
In order to make the location and paging of subscribers efficient, cellular networks are often divided into location areas (LAs) where a location area includes a group of cells. As illustrated in FIG. 1, location area 4 (LA4) includes cells 1-6. In this example, five location areas LA1-LA5 make up a mobile switching center (MSC) service area. The MSC service area is associated with a visiting location register (VLR) database in which mobile stations currently within that service area are registered. When a call is routed to the MSC, the MSC checks the VLR to identify the current location area in which the called mobile station is registered. Thereafter, a paging message is distributed to those base stations in the identified location area and transmitted by base station transceivers within that location area.
As base station demands increase, the configuration of cells and sharing of equipment becomes more sophisticated. For example, FIG. 2A shows a single cell that employs a single omnidirectional antenna commonly used by all of the base station transceivers serving that cell. A more sophisticated configuration is shown in FIG. 2B where a single base station site serves three sectors or cells with each such sector cell having its own directional antenna. Each sector cell shares the same pool of transceiving equipment located at the base station site.
Even though the same pool of transceiving equipment is utilized for plural base station sectors, paging messages are sent from the MSC or BSC node to the base station site for each one of the sectors supported at that site. Thus, if the base station services three sectors, three separate but nevertheless identical paging messages are sent from the MSC or BSC to the base station site. This redundant message transmission creates unnecessary signaling, consumes transmission resources, and increases data processing loads. A similar problem exists for other types of control messages sent to some or all base station sectors, e.g., short messaging service (SMS) cell broadcast messages, system information messages used to inform mobile stations regarding network access procedures, etc.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome this problem and eliminate redundant or otherwise unnecessary signaling between nodes in a mobile communications system.
It is also an object of the present invention to minimize processor load associated with sending multiple messages to the same node.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a single message from the MSC or BSC in a mobile communications system to a base station site and have the base station site transmit that message to multiple sectors supported by that site.
Yet another object of the invention is to improve the speed and performance of mobile radio paging operations.

Efficient message transmission in a mobile communication system


A substrate transport device includes a shaft, a first moving part for moving the shaft in a vertical direction and in a rotational direction, at least one rotation arm attached to the shaft, and a supporting part having an upper surface waved as seen front view, wherein the rotation arm includes a contact rotation arm which directly or indirectly contacts the upper surface of the supporting part.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a substrate transport device used to transport substrates, and to a substrate processing apparatus.
Background Art
US2009/324828 discloses a film forming apparatus and technique in which at least two reactive gases are supplied one after another to a surface of a substrate; the cycle of supplying the reactive gases is executed a number of times; and a multiplicity of layers of a reaction product are thereby laid one on another to form a thin film. In the art disclosed in US2009/324828, a transport arm is used to move wafers.
In a case where a substrate is transported by being put on an arm, care should be taken that the substrate does not move by sliding on the arm. In a case where a substrate is transported while an arm on which the substrate is put is being rotated, however, there is a possibility of the substrate being moved on the arm by centrifugal force acting on the substrate. If the speed of rotation of the arm is increased in order to improve the substrate transport throughput, the possibility of the substrate moving on the arm is increased.
If the arm has a fixed first end and a free second end, a peripheral portion of the arm at the second end is bent downward by the weight thereof. There is a possibility of the substrate sliding easily on the arm due to this bending.

Substrate transport device and substrate processing apparatus


A combined gas wiping die and closed protective atmosphere chamber for treating linear material issuing from a molten metal coating bath is provided with gas exit orifices leading from the hood to the external environment. The gas exit orifices have a combined cross sectional area less than the total cross sectional area of the throat of the wiping die. The combined wiping die and protective chamber with limited area exit orifices is used with a wiping gas such as nitrogen or argon. The thickness of molten coatings on linear material wiped with the combined die and protective chamber can be very accurately controlled by changes in wiping gas pressure.

This invention relates to the coating of linear material such as sheet, strip, and especially wire, with metal coatings in a molten metal coating bath. More particularly the invention relates to the combined use of protective atmospheres and gas wiping in treating linear material issuing from a molten metal coating bath in order to establish an accurate thickness of coating on the surface of the linear material.
Metallic linear material such as sheet, strip and wire has been economically coated for many years by passing the linear material through a bath of molten metal such as molten zinc or aluminum. Usually the linear material has been a ferrous material such as steel or the like. The outer coating of aluminum or zinc or sometimes other metals or alloys such as tin or terne (an alloy of lead with up to 25% tin) provides corrosion resistance to the underlying ferrous metal.
Linear material passing from a molten metal coating bath usually does not have a satisfactory layer of molten coating metal on its surface. The molten metal coating is invariably either too thick, too uneven, or both, or has some other defect which would prevent the molten metal from solidifying into a uniform metal coating upon the substrate metal. As a consequence, it has been customary to wipe the coating in some manner after the linear material leaves the molten coating bath in order to smooth and/or reduce the weight, or thickness, of the coating. Various wiping devices have been used to wipe the coating while it is still molten including soft wipers such as asbestos wipers and the like, rigid wipers such as rolls and scrapers and occasionally semi-rigid wipers composed of layers of various materials such as a charcoal or gravel through which the coated linear material passes. More recently gas wipers, or gas doctors, have been used to blow a gas such as air, steam or some inert or reducing gas forcibly against the surface of the molten metal coated linear material to remove excess metal and smooth the coating of molten metal.
In order to attain good adherence of the coating metal to the substrate metal it is necessary for the surface of the substrate to be clean prior to passage through the molten coating bath. The linear material must, therefore, be cleaned prior to being coated to provide a suitable clean, active substrate surface for contact with the molten coating bath. Otherwise the molten coating will frequently not adhere to the surface. Once the substrate metal is clean it must be kept active, i.e. oxide free, until it is submerged in the molten coating bath. It is therefore necessary to protect the substrate metal after cleaning either with a coating of flux or else by immersion in an inert or reducing atmosphere. Thus, ferrous linear material frequently enters the molten bath from a protective or oxygen excluding atmosphere. The protective atmosphere is composed of either an effectively inert gas or a reducing gas or gases.
Inert or reducing atmospheres have also been maintained about the linear material as it exits from the molten bath to prevent excessive or otherwise detrimental oxidation of the surface of the coating while it is still hot, both before and after the coating solidfies. The protective atmosphere is usually contained in a hood which extends to or into the surface of the molten bath.
With the more recent frequent use of gas wipers for smoothing and wiping molten coatings, the use of an inert or reducing gas to wipe the surface of the linear material has sometimes been adopted to prevent surface oxidation. In some installations, and particularly in wire wiping installations, the wiper has been enclosed in or attached to a chamber containing a protective atmosphere so that the molten coating on the wire leaving the molten coating bath is completely protected from exposure to the atmosphere until it is wiped.
The use of a non-oxidizing gas as both a wiping and a protective gas has been found to be particularly desirable in the wiping of wire material. Otherwise oxidized coating particles on the molten coating surface tend to increase the viscosity of the molten metal and result in buildup of a thick viscous oxide coating layer which seriously interferes with effective gas wiping. The small circumference of the wire allows viscous rings of oxide material to form about the wire and break through the gas barrier resulting in thick rings of coating on the wire. Coatings including such rings crack and flake when the wire is bent after solidification.
One problem which has been encountered in combined wiping and protective gas installations such as, for example, that illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,707,400, which discloses a combined closed hood, which may contain an inert gas, and a wiping die, which may use an inert gas as a wiping gas, has been a tendency of the wiping die to provide very poor control of the thickness of the final coating if only the force of the wiping gas is depended upon to establish the thickness of the coating. This has been so in spite of the fact that such combined wiping and protective gas arrangements very efficiently and effectively wipe excess coating from and smooth linear material such as wire passing through the die. The exact final thickness of coating has often, however, been impossible to control without varying the parameters of the wiping die itself. In other words, while the smoothing of the coating is very effective and a large excess of coating material can be removed from the coated material, actual control of the coating thickness to any specified coating thickness by control of the wiping gas has frequently not been satisfactory. It has thus been necessary in many cases to vary the velocity of passage of the linear material through the wiping die in order to effectively control the degree of wiping of molten coating from the surface of the linear material. If the molten coating layer is too thick, it has been necessary to decrease the speed of passage of the linear material through the die orifice in order to decrease the coating layer. If the coating layer is too thin, on the other hand, it has been necessary to increase the speed of the linear material through the die orifice in order to increase the thickness. Naturally, the necessity to adjust the speed of the coating line in order to attain a desired coating weight is undesirable, because such adjustment interferes with other operational and production considerations.
It has been possible to effectively control the coating weight on linear material passing between gas wiping dies which are not associated with a closed gas hood, for example, by the use of the type of opposed gas wiping dies illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,499,418 to Mayhew, merely by controlling the force of the gas blast or the distance of the gas dies from the surface of the material being wiped. However, when a closed hood has been associated with the die as shown for example in U.S. Pat. No. 3,707,400 mentioned above, effective control of the coating weight has not been found to be conveniently possible merely by varying the flow of wiping gas through the die and impinging upon the surface of the molten coating on the linear material. Instead it has been necessary, as pointed out above, to either vary the speed of the material through the die or else to vary the parameters of die, for example with respect to the length and diameter of the wiping die orifice and the like. This has meant, in effect, that if it is desired to run a coating line at a constant speed different sized dies must be used or substituted for each other each time a significant adjustement in thickness of the final coating has been desired. Such substitution of dies each time an adjustment in coating thickness must be made is obviously impractical.

Protective atmosphere gas wiping apparatus and method of using


The present invention relates to providing a temperature sensor that is mountable on an aircraft and includes a thermometer or temperature sensing element for sensing temperature of airflow. A heater is provided on the probe to bias the temperature sensed by the thermometer or temperature sensing element, in a manner such that the temperature measured is at a substantially known offset from the static temperature surrounding the temperature sensor. Control of the offset can be achieved by regulating airflow or heat provided. The heating effect is controlled to be a substantially equal and opposite match to the decreased total temperature resulting from lower airspeed or decreased airflow. In this manner, the thermometer or temperature sensing element will essentially operate at a fixed offset above static temperature, that is the temperature in undisturbed air in which the aircraft is operating, over a fairly wide range of flow rates.

The present invention relates to a temperature sensor for determining static temperature of air through which an air vehicle is moving by heating the sensor to establish a thermal offset for a temperature sensing element carried in a probe and designed to maintain substantially the same offset as airspeed changes within useful operating limits.
Measurement of the total temperature of air in which air vehicles are operating is well understood, and it is known that the total temperature increases as Mach number increases. Several types of total temperature sensors are used for measuring this parameter. Most sensors use a strut mounted probe that extends into the air stream so air flows through ducts in the probe, in one of which a temperature sensor element is mounted. Generally, efforts are made to ensure that the boundary layer of air on surfaces of inlet air scoops or ducts of the probe does not interfere with the sensed temperature. Heaters are often used on the air scoop ducts and probe for deicing purposes. The de-icing heaters are positioned so that the heating effect, or influence on the temperature measured, is minimized. The probe or strut housings may also have shields to minimize stray heat, but there always is some de-icing heater error. The deicing heater error increases with decreasing airflow in current total temperature sensors.
The relationship between total temperature and static temperature is known to be a function of Mach number. Static temperature is typically the temperature of "still" or undisturbed air, and total temperature is the temperature which would be realized if relatively moving air could be adiabatically brought to rest, for example, temperature of the air layer at rest along the stagnation line of an airplane wing. In other words, all of the kinetic energy imparted to the air results in the air being warmed to the "total temperature". The higher the Mach number, the higher the total temperature for a given value of static temperature.
In practice, directly measuring true total temperature is never achieved because there is always some heat loss. A total temperature sensor acts much like the stagnation line of the wing but is optimized to minimize heat loss. A good total temperature sensor comes very close to indicating the true total air temperature.
On the other hand, there is no accurate way to measure static temperature directly on aircraft. Instead, it is easier to measure total temperature and use a separate pressure sensing probe to measure the total pressure and the static pressure, and then calculate static temperature from these measurements. This may, in fact, be the preferred approach if measurements of multiple air data parameters are required. If only a static temperature measurement is needed, however, pressure measurement instruments to provide static and total pressure inputs for determining static temperature add unnecessary weight, drag and complexity to the measurement system.
The present invention teaches obtaining static temperature (Ts) from a probe measuring the total temperature (Tt) without requiring separate pressure measurements.

Temperature sensor with controlled thermal offset for determining static temperature


A storage system (10), preferably for vehicles comprising a plurality of storage bays (11) each having an opening, at least one moving device (15) movable to be adjacent the opening of any one of the storage bays (11) and transfer device (90, 20) for transferring objects (21) carried by the moving devices (15) into the storage bay (11). Preferably the storage bays (11) are arranged in two arrays and the moving devices (15) is capable of transferring an object to a storage bay (11) in either array.

In urban areas it is common to provide multilevel car parking buildings. The buildings have multiple floors connected by ramps. One drives a vehicle from floor to floor until a free parking bay is found. Such car parks have a low usage of floor space due to the need for roadways and the requirement that each parking bay be sufficiently large to allow a vehicle to be driven into the bay and for the driver and any passengers to exit the vehicle.
It has been proposed to replace access ramps with a vertical lift to each floor. However it is still necessary to provide roadways on each floor and large size parking bays. It has also been proposed to use lifts which not only have a platform which can be moved vertically to access parking bays on different levels but which also have a transport device which moves the vertical lift horizontally to access laterally adjoining parking bays.


A cutting apparatus for resecting a distal face of a femur prior to implanting a femoral component of a total knee prosthesis, comprises an elongate rod adapted for inserting into an intramedullary canal of the femur, a distal femoral cutting block, and a distal femoral jig assembly. The jig assembly can position the distal femoral cutting block on either left leg or right leg. It includes a distal femoral jig having at least one passage for slidingly receiving the rod with a preset valgus angle and a distal end face being adapted for abutting against on the distal face of the femur of either left leg or right leg dependent on its two flip orientations.

The invention relates to a distal femoral cutting apparatus for resecting a distal face of a femur at a preset valgus angle relative to a patient's intramedullary canal prior to implanting the femoral component of a total knee prosthesis.
The invention also relates to a distal femoral jig assembly used for the mentioned distal femoral cutting apparatus.
Knee joint is the biggest and most complicated joint in a human body. Total knee replacement (TKR) is adopted for severely damaged knee joint. As the knee replacement becomes the most popular surgery for severe knee injuries, research related to TKR are attracting more and more attention.
TKR surgery involves implantation of articulating femoral and tibial components to distal femur and proximal tibia, respectively. Since a femur projects distally in an inward manner at a valgus angle relative to the anatomic axis of the human body and a distal face of the femur has a fossa intercondylaris and is not a planar face, the femur must be resected to conform to the size and shape of the respective prosthetic component so as to properly affix to the prosthetic component. The term "valgus angle" means the angle between the axis of the main body and the channel being considered. In the case of the femur, the valgus angle is the angle formed between the anatomic axis of the patient and the longitudinal axis of the femur, and in the case of the jig, the valgus angle means the angle between the axis of the jig and the passages in the jig.
A plurality of instruments and/or jigs for resecting the distal femur have been developed. Many of the instruments include a cutting block that references an intramedullary rod inserted in the intramedullary canal of the femur. However, such instruments usually cannot provide easily adjustable jig assembly to accommodate to different patients. Meanwhile, due to the distal femur has an asymmetrical shape, the design of the instruments for TKR surgery has to take that into consideration and thereby resulting in complicated structures.
US-A-2010/0057088 relates to a distal femoral cutting apparatus which can be used for resecting either the left or right femur. The apparatus has a handle 12, a sword 14, a base cartridge 26 and a face plate 28 connected by mating threaded connectors so that the various parts can be interchanged with similar parts having different physical properties such as angular orientation. In other words, if the surgeon wants to adjust the valgus angle of the apparatus relative to the anatomic axis of the patient, he or she has to change the corresponding parts of the apparatus on the site. For a surgical procedure, it is rather cumbersome.


The anti-counterfeiting structure includes an allochroic layer including an allochroic part having a characteristic of changing from a first material to a second material in response to laser irradiation, a first layer transmissible to a laser beam, a second layer transmissible to the laser beam, at least a part of the second layer being located between the allochroic layer and the first layer, and a coating layer transmissible to the laser beam and covering at least the first layer. The coating layer and the first layer are bonded together more weakly than the first layer and the second layer are. One of the first layer and the second layer is a foamable layer having a characteristic of changing from an unfoamed state to a foamed state in response to laser irradiation, while the other of the first layer and the second layer is an optical device.

An information authentication medium such as a passport and an identification (ID) card can have an image such as a facial image of an individual to be authenticated in order to enable visual authentication of the individual by use of the information authentication medium. Methods for creating an image on the information authentication medium include laser-irradiating an allochroic layer of the information authentication medium (refer, for example, to PTL 1 and PTL 2).
In addition, an optical variable device (OVD) is attached to the allochroic layer described above for the purpose of preventing the information authentication medium from being counterfeited. Examples of the OVD include a hologram, a diffraction grating, and a multilayer film. Among these, the multilayer film is configured such that light emitted from each film interferes with light emitted from the remaining films. Authenticity determination made by such an optically variable device is used in information authentication media as one means for determining whether or not the information authentication media are authentic.


A digital time delay circuit is provided in which fabrication process variations and temperature effects on the switching threshold level of digital circuits utilized in the timing delay circuits are substantially eliminated.

One problem with prior art digital delay circuits is that the time delay produced by the circuit will vary in dependence on the threshold voltage of the logic circuit coupled to the time determining capacitor.
It is therefore desirable to provide a digital time delay circuit in which the logic threshold voltage does not influence the time delay.


Crystals of a quinazoline derivative are provided. The present invention relates to an acid addition salt of a compound represented by Formula (I):

Tyrosine kinase is an enzyme which phosphorylates tyrosine residues in substrate proteins, and is known to play an important role in an intracellular signal transduction system concerning cellular differentiation and proliferation. Especially, it is known that a growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (hereinafter receptor tyrosine kinase) such as HER2 (also called as ErbB2 or Neu) and EGF receptor etc. are considerably involved in cancer development, and their activities are increased in a variety of human cancers (Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 3).
Also it is known that co-expression of EGF receptor and HER2 further promotes canceration by EGF receptor alone (Non-Patent Document 4) and a dual inhibitor that inhibits tyrosine kinase of both EGF receptor and HER2 is advantageous in having superior therapeutic effect in wider range of disease by synergistic effect of dual inhibition when compared with a EGF receptor or a HER2 selective inhibitor.
According to Patent Document 1, a quinazoline derivative represented by the following Formula:
has dual inhibitory activity for EGF receptor and HER2, and is useful as a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent for cancer. The following compound (VIII-102):
in a free base form is disclosed in an Example thereof, but neither an acid addition salt nor a solvate thereof is specifically disclosed. Also, crystals thereof are not specifically disclosed.
A method for producing a quinazoline derivative represented by Formula (VI′):
is described in Patent Document 2. Also, the following compound (VI-15):
in a free base form is disclosed in an Example thereof, but neither an acid addition salt nor a solvate thereof is specifically disclosed. Also, crystals thereof are not specifically disclosed.
Patent Documents 3 and 4 disclose hydrate crystals and anhydride crystals of Lapatinib ditosylate (ditosylate salt of N-{3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorobenzyl)oxy]phenyl}-6-[5-({[2-(methanesulphonyl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-furyl]-4-quinazolinamine) that has a dual inhibitory action for EGF receptor and HER2, and is represented by the following Formula.
Also, Patent Document 5 discloses anhydride crystals of a free base of N-{3-chloro-4-[(3-fluorobenzyl)oxy]phenyl}-6-[5-({[2-(methanesulphonyl)ethyl]amino}methyl)-2-furyl]-4-quinazolinamine.
In drug delivery, a crystal form that has useful and excellent chemical and/or physical properties is desired.

Salts of quinazoline derivative or crystals thereof, and the process for producing thereof

Abstract: a pharmaceutical composition containing it, and the like.


A combustor assembly for a turbine engine includes a liner panel defining a portion of an inner surface of a combustor chamber. The liner panel includes an end face transverse the inner surface and at least one diffuser through the end face. A method of assembling a combustor for a turbine engine is also disclosed.

A gas turbine engine typically includes a fan section, a compressor section, a combustor section and a turbine section. Air entering the compressor section is compressed and delivered into the combustion section where it is mixed with fuel and ignited to generate a high-energy exhaust gas flow. The high-energy exhaust gas flow expands through the turbine section to drive the compressor and the fan section.
The combustor section includes a chamber where the fuel/air mixture is ignited to generate the high energy exhaust gas flow. The temperatures within the combustor chambers are typically beyond practical material capabilities. Therefore a cooling airflow is provided across an exposed surface of liner panels provided within the chamber. The cooling airflow impinges on the liner panel and also is injected along the surface of the liner panel to provide an insulating film of cooling air. Disruptions or gaps in cooling airflow may result in temperatures greater than desired in certain portions of the liner panel. Higher localized liner panel temperatures can result in premature degradation and loss of combustor efficiency.

End rail mate-face low pressure vortex minimization


A focus adjustable method of an optical image is implemented by a numerical analysis. An external light beam is allowed to pass through a lens module, thereby generating an optical image. The focus values of the optical image at four corners thereof are computed according to specified formulas to obtain a two-dimensional geometric tilt vector T(X,Y), an image diagonal spinor D and an image tetragonal average value M. According to the values T(X,Y), D and M, the tilt amount and the tilt direction of the lens module are adjusted, the optical quality of the lens module is discriminated and the focus value distribution of the lens module is determined.

Currently, an optical lens module is widely used in an electronic product such as a videophone or a mobile phone's camera. In order to adjust, calibrate or detect the focusing operations of the optical lens module, the workers may manually rotate the optical lens module, which is engaged with a lens holding jag having an image sensor therein, to have the lens module rotate up and down along the lens' axis.
Referring to FIG. 1, a conventional focus adjustable system for generating an optical image having four corners' focus values is illustrated. In the focus adjustable system 10 of FIG. 1, an external light beam 11 passes through a lens surface 121 of a lens module 12, and is then projected onto an image sensor 14 equipped in a lens holding jag 13. After the light beam is imaged on the image sensor 14, an optical image I1 is outputted to a microprocessor 15. By a so-called full screen algorithm or a modulation transfer function (MTF) algorithm, the focus values UL1, UR1, DL1 and DR1 of the optical image I1 at four corners thereof are obtained. The external surface of the lens module 12 has a first engaging element (e.g. a screw thread) matching with the second engaging element 131 (e.g. a screw channel) on the inner surface of the lens holding jag 13, so that the lens module 12 may be rotated along the inner surface of the lens holding jag 13 forwardly or backwardly. As known, the first and second engaging elements may have any complementary structures as long as they match with each other, and are not to be redundantly described herein.
Referring to FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b), four original corners' focus values before the focus adjustment and four adjusted corners' focus values after the focus adjustment are respectively shown. In FIG. 2(a), the original focus values UL1, UR1, DL1 and DR1 before the focus adjustment are 45, 45, 45 and 45, respectively. In general, the focusing performance is proportioned to the focus value. That is to say, a lower focus value, e.g. 45, indicates the undesirable focusing performance. In order to the adjust the focus values, the worker may manually rotate the lens module 12, which is engaged with the lens holding jag 13, along the X-axis direction, i.e. the lens axis direction. After the focus values UL1, UR1, DL1 and DR1 are increased and reach acceptable values as shown in FIG. 2(b), e.g. 55 or above, the focusing performance of the lens module 12 is improved.
Unfortunately, during the focus adjusting process, the lens module 12 and/or the image sensor 14 is readily tilted. Under this circumstance, the optical path between the lens module 12 and the image sensor 14 will also be tilted. As shown in FIG. 2(c), due to this tilt phenomenon, the focus values UL1, UR1, DL1 and DR1 are changed to for example 50, 45, 30 and 41, respectively, which are not evenly distributed. Since these focus values are not evenly distributed, even if the worker manually rotates the lens module 12 along the X-axis direction, the adjusted focus values are still unevenly distributed. As known, this unsuccessful focusing adjustment may be caused by a fact that the lens holding jag 13 can move only along the X-axis direction. Moreover, since the tilt amount and the tilt angle are not clearly realized according to the prior art, the problem of generating uneven focus values is hard to be overcome.
In addition to the undesired tilted lens module 12 or image sensor 14, the inherent imaging tolerance of the lens module 12 during fabrication also contributes to a tilted optical path. The conventional focus adjustable method fails to discriminate whether the inherent imaging tolerance influences the focusing performance. Furthermore, the conventional focus adjustable method fails to evaluate the overall focusing performance after the lens module 12 is adjusted.
In views of the above-described disadvantages, the applicant keeps on carving unflaggingly to develop an improved focus adjustable method according to the present invention through wholehearted experience and research.

Focus adjustable method of optical image


A mail piece handler defines a paper path having a downstream direction. A first motor is mechanically coupled with the mail piece handler, and an encoder is operatively coupled with the mail piece handler. A mail piece sensor is positioned at the paper path, and a print rotor is positioned at the paper path downstream of the mail piece sensor, the print rotor having a print surface. A second motor is mechanically coupled with the print rotor, and an electronic controller is communicatively coupled with the encoder, with the mail piece sensor, and with the second motor, the controller disposed in the event of sensing of a mail piece by the mail piece sensor to control said second motor so as to cause the print surface of the print rotor to move at substantially a speed measured via the encoder.

A typical prior art postage meter (franking machine) system has a powerful AC motor which drives all of the moving parts of the meter when a letter or other mail piece enters the paper path. The postage meter is, by definition, prepared at all times to be able to rotate so as to print postage. If it is not ready to print postage, it blocks actuation of the AC motor.
Generally the system includes a base which contains the motor or motors and contains the lower portion of the paper path, for example a number of rollers or belts (or both) and provides a level and smooth surface defining part of the paper path. The rollers or belts protrude slightly above the level, smooth surface.
Above the base, and removably mounted to the base, is the postage meter proper. The postage meter typically has a secure housing within which are found accounting registers indicative of the postage value available for printing, and a print mechanism such as a print rotor. The meter typically provides additional rollers which, together with rollers in the base, define part of the paper path.
A mechanical linkage such as a gear engagement links the upper part of the paper path (within the postage meter) with the lower part of the paper path (within the base) and with the print mechanism such as the print rotor.
It should be appreciated that while some of the upper rollers or belts that help to define the paper path may be within the meter, others of the upper rollers or belts may be provided by part of the base. Thus, as a mail piece progresses along a level paper path, it may initially have the base both above it and below it, while later it may have the meter above it and the base below it.
In such prior-art systems, as mentioned above, it is commonplace to link the moving parts so that they are all powered by a single large AC motor. A single-revolution clutch may be provided which is actuated once for each time that a mail piece arrives at the postage meter. For example, there may be a trigger in the paper path just prior to the print rotor, and when the trigger is actuated then the single-revolution clutch causes the print rotor to rotate once.
Such a system has the advantages of simplicity and long-standing use in the field. But the AC motor is heavy and consumes a lot of power, and is actually rather crude in terms of speed control. Typically the entire system is forced to start at rest, accelerate to high speed, and then decelerate back to rest. The cycle is repeated hundreds of thousands or millions of times, and the extreme nature of the cycle requires the drive train to be quite strong and heavy. The cycle is also noisy. The AC motor is typically heavy and bulky.
Another prior art approach for a postage meter is that described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,631,681 or 4,774,446. In such a system, two motors are employed, the first an AC motor that actuates the paper path, and a second motor which is a DC motor having encoder feedback, coupled with the print rotor, driven with pulse-width modulation to match the velocity of the paper path driven by the AC motor, as measured with two document sensors in the paper path as driven by the AC motor. Such a system offers some advantages over the prior art, but at the expense of requiring more than one document sensor in the paper path. Such a system also has the possible drawback that it may in fact fail to measure the velocity accurately and may drive the print rotor at a speed that is too fast or too slow relative to the speed within the AC-driven paper path.
Still another prior art approach is that described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,933,616, in which a microcomputer provides control of the speed of first and second motors, a first motor connected with a sheet transport system and a second motor connected with a print drum assembly. Such a system has the drawback that both of the motors must be of a type that can have closely controlled speed, and each motor must have driving circuitry associated with the speed control capability. This adds to the cost of the system and to its weight and complexity.
It is desirable to have a postage meter system that overcomes the drawbacks of the prior art, in which the print rotor is driven in faithful correspondence with the paper path, and in which the operation is quieter, smoother, less expensive, and less bulky than in the prior art.


A network apparatus and a content distribution apparatus are described. The network apparatus is configured to transcode and transmit pre-broadcast content into transcoded content according to a format associated with a content distribution apparatus. The transcoded content includes a distribution indicator to restrict distribution of the transcoded content to one or more remote apparatus. Network apparatus is configured to transmit a “delta file” to content distribution apparatus with transcoded content and instructions to signal modifying the pre-broadcast content. Content distribution apparatus is configured to receive transcoded pre-broadcast content and “delta file” with instructions from network apparatus. Content distribution apparatus removes the distribution indicator from the transcoded pre-broadcast content once the signaling instructions indicates that the broadcast content corresponds with pre-broadcast content. Content distribution apparatus may use the “delta file” to modify the transcoded pre-broadcast content such that the modified pre-broadcast content corresponds with broadcast content with a tolerance.

Field
The present disclosure relates generally to information management in media broadcasting and advertisement insertion, and more particularly, in timely providing video on demand content across all platforms including connected TV, web, mobile and social platforms.
Background
Media content providers, such as national television networks and television station groups, have evolved to serve the demand for online viewing across various formats and platforms in order to access new and existing audiences. As such, regular television broadcasts may be streamed over the internet as video on demand (VOD) and/or live streaming. Streamed viewing may use recorded broadcasts that may be time-shifted, that is, viewed after the live broadcast has aired. Recent broadcasts that are time-shift less than a week may include VOD content considered current and be counted in potentials for monetization. As such, time-shifted viewing such as offered by VOD, digital video recorders (DVRs) and online streaming have changed the approach to on-demand advertising models.
Many national broadcasters have expressed frustration in the loss of revenue from inability to quickly "turnaround" time-shifted files (e.g., VOD, catchup TV) in the on demand platforms.

Pre-pitched method and system for video on demand


A valuable document identification method and an identification system thereof are provided. The method involves an information collecting module for identifying valuable documents starts, after a banknote separation module for storing valuable documents starts; information is sequentially collected by the information collecting module along movement direction of valuable documents; after arrival and pass of valuable documents are inspected, the collected valuable document identification information is processed and identified by the identification module, and an identification result is obtained; the valuable document information state is recorded; valuable documents are counted based on the identification result and the valuable document information state, and then valuable documents are identified and judged. As a result, the reliability of the valuable document identification process is improved, and the fault rate due to the counting problem is reduced.

The valuable document identifying system based on the point triggering strategy in the prior art takes use of triggers to start data collection and valuable document identification. The principle of triggering is shown in FIG. 1. Photoelectric thru-beam sensors are arranged at the front end and rear end of the identifying device as position detector and are used as the triggering means for "START" and "END". The identifying system based on point triggering strategy is shown in FIG. 2. As for the present valuable document which is separated through separating operation, it is processed with the following procedures in the system:
(1) The present valuable document enters the transmission device (not shown), and the transmission device transmits the valuable document to the effective detecting region of the position detector (not shown);
(2) The presence of the valuable document is detected by the position detector when the photoelectric thru-beam sensor (not shown) is sheltered by the valuable document; the triggering signal of "the valuable document arriving" is sent to the central controller (not shown), the central controller gives "START" instruction to start the system and informs the front end counter to count up by one;
(3) The central controller gives an instruction to start the collecting device; the collecting device starts to collect the information of the valuable document and store the collected information of the valuable document in real-time; the collecting device stops collecting after the preset collecting time T which is in connection with physical size of the valuable document, and the collecting device gives "collection END signal" to inform the central controller;
(4) The central controller informs the identifying device, and the collected information of the valuable document is processed for identification;
(5) Identification is finished, and the present valuable document is transmitted to the rear position detector; when the photoelectric thru-beam sensor is sheltered by the valuable document, the signal of "the valuable document leaving" is sent to the central controller, and the central controller informs the rear end counter to count up by one;
(6) The central controller matches the counting result of the front end counter with that of the rear end counter. If the counting results are identical, it means that the process on the present valuable document is over, and the procedure for the next piece of the valuable document starts; otherwise, the system will report an error and stop operating.
The identifying system which adopts point triggering strategy has the following deficiencies:
(1) It is likely to occur a false triggering.
Based on point triggering strategy, the signal of whether the thru-beam sensor is sheltered or not is taken as the controlling input of the system. The information from several "points" is utilized to trigger the collecting, identifying and ending operation of the system. However, when processing some valuable documents having special shape, such as having transparent holes, if the detecting point of the thru-beam sensor is located on the positions of the transparent holes of the valuable document, the thru-beam sensor will fail in the range of the transparent holes of the valuable document. Therefore, it is likely to occur a false triggering and error rate of the system will be increased.
(2) The information is not collected completely, and the identification rate is low.
When processing some valuable documents having special shape, such as having transparent holes, if the detecting point of the thru-beam sensor is located on the positions of the transparent holes of the valuable document, the beam sensor will fail in the range of the transparent holes of the valuable document. In this case, the start of the collecting and identifying operation of the system will be delayed, and the end of the system will be ahead of the schedule to stop collecting, such that the information of the valuable document is not collected completely. Therefore, the identification of the system to the valuable document is affected and the identification rate of the system is reduced.
(3) Fixed collecting time lowers down the adaptability of the system for various valuable documents.
The collecting time T of the identifying system which adopts point triggering strategy depends on the physical size and moving status of the valuable document as well as the real-time electric transmitting status of the identifying device. In practical application, various valuable documents are of different physical sizes and are subjected to the problems like movement distortion. Therefore, it is difficult to set a collecting time T which is uniform, rational and adaptable for various valuable documents, which lowers down the applicability of the valuable document identifying system and impairs the prevailing application of the identifying system.
(4) Partially adhered valuable documents cannot be counted accurately.
In the case that the adhered valuable documents pass through the identifying device, two valuable documents are completely overlapped at the moment when they pass the front end position detector. After the adhered two valuable documents have moved for a period of time, and when they passed the collecting device and the identifying device and reached the rear end position detector, the two valuable documents become partially overlapped and are not separated completely, thus they are regarded as one valuable document by the rear end counter. Therefore, the adhered notes are counted by error.

Valuable document identification method and identification system thereof


Disclosed are systems and methods for timing measurements in a non-invasive blood pressure measurement system. The systems and methods are capable of providing measurement results according to patient-specific time intervals. The disclosed systems may include a pump unit, signal acquisition circuit, user interface, clock, memory, microprocessor, power unit and communications module. The disclosed invention also contains a method for calculating an expected measurement duration. Additionally systems and methods for providing blood pressure results according to patient-specific time intervals using an expected measurement duration are discussed. Related apparatus, systems, methods and or/articles are described.

The consistent and continuous monitoring of health care vital signals such as blood pressure aids health care providers in diagnosing, monitoring and treating a patient. Many variants of automated methods for determining blood pressure measurements are known in the field. For example, International Publication No. WO 2013/122608 A1, U.S. Pat. No. 6,171,255B1, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,224,559B1 all discuss devices for noninvasive blood pressure measurements. These and all other referenced patents and applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
One form of a non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measuring method is an oscillometric method. In the oscillometric method changes in the sphygmomanometer cuff pressure corresponding to arterial flow resulting from the inflation or deflation of the cuff are measured using an electrical transducer. In the oscillometric method an inflatable cuff is inflated to a pressure above the estimated systolic pressure of a patient. The pressure in the cuff is then reduced slowly and steadily to below an estimated diastolic pressure. The oscillations detected by the transducer are monitored throughout the inflation and deflation processes. Mathematical algorithms are applied to the raw data to compute a systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and a mean arterial pressure. The process of determining these pressures automatically by inflating and deflating a sphygmomanometer cuff can be conducted by a blood pressure monitoring system. The time it takes to obtain a blood pressure measurement using an oscillometric method may vary from a few seconds to many minutes due to the uncertainty introduced by the NIBP cuff inflation and cuff deflation processes. For example, in a patient with a smaller upper arm circumference a NIBP cuff may not be properly aligned and slip during a measurement requiring multiple trials before an accurate measurement can be obtained. Additionally, the time needed for an accurate measurement may be impacted by the patient's movement or physiology. Typically, the time needed to acquire an accurate blood pressure measurement in an automated system, such as those referenced to above, may vary from 30 seconds to up to 3 minutes.
In the healthcare setting it is important for a clinician to be able to obtain a patient's blood pressure readings at pre-designated intervals. While the current technology allows clinicians to configure a non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) time interval in a machine, this setting only guarantees when a blood pressure measurement will start. There is no guarantee that the device will be able to deliver the results according to the desired interval. As mentioned previously, it may take up to three minutes to obtain an accurate blood pressure measurement. For example, in the prior art, if a clinician specifies a 15 minute interval for blood pressure measurements, in actuality, a clinician may receive readings at: 12:01:00, 12:16:00, 12:32:05, 12:49:02, and so forth. However, a medical provider may actually have intended to have results for readings at more natural times such as: 12:00:00, 12:15:00, 12:30:00, 12:45:00, and 13:00:00. The ability to have readings at natural times may increase the ease of identifying and understanding trends in patient data, aid in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient and provide additional benefits in terms of hospital record keeping and billing procedures.
Therefore, it is desirable to have methods and systems for obtaining results from a non-invasive blood pressure measurement system at a patient-specific time interval indicated by a clinical professional.

Systems and methods for timing measurements in a non-invasive blood pressure measurement system


A PCS ECU 20 in a PCS system 10 calculates TTC which is a brake operation timing of a host vehicle, on the basis of the relative velocity Vr between the host vehicle and an object, a predetermined deceleration amount ΔV caused by a brake operation of the host vehicle, and a deceleration a caused by the brake operation of the host vehicle. Thereby, the deceleration amount ΔV caused by the brake operation of the host vehicle is to be a set constant amount regardless of the relative velocity Vr between the host vehicle and the object. Accordingly, it is possible to ensure the deceleration amount ΔV caused by a more appropriate brake operation.

In order to enhance vehicular safety, devices that operate the brake of a host vehicle at a calculated timing have been proposed. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a vehicle equipped with one or more safety devices that operate when it is determined that the collision between a host vehicle and a collision object is inevitable. In the vehicle, the extent of damage which the host vehicle will receive due to the collision with a collision object is estimated on the basis of information acquired by a radar device and an image capturing device included in the vehicle, and pre-crash safety controls of the safety device are optimized according to the estimated extent of damage.

Brake control device and brake control method


The present invention relates to a packaging system for airway devices that permits their rapid access. In particular, the packaging system is capable of maintaining the device in storage under sterile conditions, yet be capable of facilitating rapid unpackaging and use.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a packaging system for airway devices that permits their rapid access. In particular, the packaging system is capable of maintaining the device in storage under sterile conditions, yet be capable of facilitating rapid unpackaging and use.
2. Description of Related Art
The airway of a human being includes the throat and windpipe, and leads to the lungs. Control and management of a patient's airway are required under a variety of circumstances.
During the administration of general anesthesia, in particular, or as a result of trauma or injury, loss of consciousness and tracheal muscle tone may require the use of an artificial airway to maintain proper patient ventilation. A wide variety of devices are currently available for this purpose (see, e.g., United States Patent Publications Nos. 2002/0011249, 2002/0189618, 2005/0016529, 2005/0039756, 2005/0199244, 2007/0028923, and 2008/0029100; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,937,859; 6,070,581; 6,119,695; 6,311,688; 6,427,686; 6,705,321; 6,830,049; 7,096,868; and 7,357,845; PCT Publications WO9816273, WO00/30707, WO05087300 and WO08/123,934). In brief, such airway devices can be categorized as face masks, endrotracheal tubes or as pharyngeal airways.
Face masks cover the mouth and nose and provide a port for connection to a ventilation means. They provide a non-invasive means for short term airway control, particularly in patients free of airway obstructions or tracheal damage. Endotracheal tubes are tubes that are inserted into the trachea through the mouth or nose. The devices can comprise an inflatable cuff or balloon which permits the device to seal against the interior surface of the trachea. This approach avoids the deficiencies of face masks because it includes the provision of a conduit traversing the pharynx, and forms an effective seal against the airway, allowing positive pressure ventilation, and protection against aspiration of stomach contents (see, U.S. Pat. No. 6,070,581). Endotracheal tubes can, however, be difficult to insert and properly position. Moreover, insertion is invasive and can be particularly problematic for patients who are not deeply sedated. Pharyngeal airway devices generally comprise a tube with a cuff to seal against the pharyngeal wall at the base of the tongue (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,814,103; 3,908,665; 4,054,135; 4,067,331; 4,068,658; 4,069,820; 4,090,518; 4,338,930; 5,443,063; 5,743,258; 5,653,229; PCT Publication No. WO95/06492).
Accurate placement of an airway device can be a very difficult task for the clinician and can be a traumatic event for the patient. When a patient is under anesthesia, or has lost consciousness for other reasons, the tongue and tissues of the throat relax and fall back, effectively obstructing the flow air from the mouth or nose to the laryngeal opening. This same relaxation of the tongue makes it difficult to pass an airway device along the back of the tongue, into the throat.
The difficulties attending to the use of airway devices is compounded by the often urgent and exigent circumstances in which they must be employed, especially in the case of trauma patients. Choosing an airway device appropriate for use in a given medical procedure may be difficult, if not impossible, to accomplish in advance of examination. As the devices as typically stored in sterile packaging, the time and complexity of removing the device from the packaging materials can compound the complexity of the procedure and delay installation of the device. Thus, it is desirable to employ a packaging system capable of storing the device so that it will be rapidly ready for use.
A wide variety of packaging systems has been developed for medical devices. Such systems include transparent blister trays (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,055,694; United States Patent Application Publications Nos. 2007/0209957 and 2004/0195145); capped containers (United States Patent Publication No.: 2006/0200046); sterilizable pouches (see, e.g., United States Patent Application Publication No: 2007/0084144; PCT Publication No.: WO05087302); tab-closing envelopes (see, e.g., United States Patent Application Publication No: 2004/0020795); and edge-sealed, sandwiched sheet coverings (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,941,308; 4,863,016). Such edge-sealed, sandwiched sheet coverings have become a conventional means for packaging medical devices.
Despite all such advances, a need thus remains for a packaging system that will permit a physician or emergency responder to rapidly access a desired packaged airway device so that it can be quickly and efficiently provided to the patient. The present application is directed to this and other uses.

Rapid opening packaging system for airway devices


A method includes receiving a data signal that includes a plurality of encoded frames in a first access unit, receiving a data message indicative of a similarity between a portion of a first one of the plurality of encoded frames and a portion of a non-successive second one of the plurality of encoded frames in a second access unit, and decoding the portion of the second one of the plurality of encoded frames from the portion of the first one of the plurality of encoded frames when the data signal is corrupted.

There exist numerous video and image coding standards. For example, the JPEG standard is utilized for still images. MPEG2 is directed to digital television while H.261 is used for ISDN video conferencing. H.263 is directed to video coding at low bit rates (typically 20-30 kbps and above). In order to reduce the bandwidth of video data sent in accordance with H.261, H.263, and MPEG-2 Video, a previously coded frame is subtracted from a current frame with only the difference between the two being coded. More specifically, motion estimation is first performed per macroblock, subtraction is performed between the motion compensated macroblock of the previous decoded frame and the current macroblock, and both the motion vector and the difference macroblock are coded. Areas of the frame that do not change, or that change very little (such as the background) are not encoded but rather only indications which areas have not changed may be coded. Each frame is divided into a discrete plurality of macroblocks. These macroblocks are typically 16×16 pixels in size. As a result, only the macroblocks that experience a change from frame to frame need to be encoded, and indications for the remaining macroblocks that they are not coded may be generated. In this manner, a single frame is encoded in its entirety and a number of subsequent frames are encoded to provide only the changes from previous frames. Periodically, a new frame (an INTRA picture) may be coded in its entirety and the process of coding changes in subsequent frames is repeated. It is not mandatory to code any intra frames other than the first frame of a bitstream.
In video transmission via error prone channels, errors are likely to be found in the received frame, or picture, data. In H.264, a picture is either a frame (of progressive video content) or a field (of interlaced video content). The terms "picture" and "frame" are used interchangeably herein. When a picture is lost or corrupted so severely that the concealment result is not acceptable, the receiver typically pauses video playback and waits for the next INTRA picture to restart decoding and playback. If possible, the receiver also issues a request the transmitter for an INTRA picture update. In some applications, e.g., in multicast video streaming, the transmitter cannot react to INTRA update requests, but rather the transmitter encodes an INTRA picture relatively frequently, such as every few seconds, to enable new clients to join the multicast session and to enable recovery from transmission errors. Consequently, receivers may have to pause video playback for a relatively long time after a lost picture, and users typically find this behavior annoying.
There are numerous ways to decrease the probability of transmission errors that cause the decoder to pause playback. Multiple description coding produces two or more correlated bitstreams so that a high-quality reconstruction can be obtained from all the bitstreams together, while a lower, but still acceptable, quality reconstruction is guaranteed if only one bitstream is received. Video redundancy coding (VRC) is one example of multiple description coding, in which several independent bitstreams are generated by using independent prediction loops. For example, an even frame is predicted from the previous even frame, and an odd frame from the previous odd frame.
Industry standards, such as H.263 and H.264/AVC, specify a mechanism called Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI), which enables one to include such data in the coded bitstream that is not mandatory for recovery of correct sample values in the decoding process but can be helpful in the rendering process, for example. The SEI mechanism enables one to convey SEI messages in the bitstream. H.263 and H.264/AVC standards contain syntax and semantics for a number of SEI messages. Additionally, it is possible to specify SEI messages in standards that use H.263 or H.264/AVC, and codec vendors can also use proprietary SEI messages. MPEG-2 Video and MPEG-4 Visual standards provide a similar mechanism to SEI known as user data. H.263 and H.264/AVC define the use of spare reference pictures via Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) messages for signaling pictures or areas within pictures that can be used to perform motion compensation if the actual reference picture is lost or corrupted. The SEI messages indicate whether a first picture resembles a second picture to an extent that the first picture can be used as an inter prediction reference picture replacing the second picture. Moreover, in H.264/AVC the SEI message allows for indicating that a certain area of a picture in one or more decoded reference pictures resembles the co-located area in a specified decoded picture to such an extent that it may be used to replace the co-located area in the target picture. In H.264/AVC, the spare picture SEI message can reside in various access units, whereas in H.263 the spare reference picture SEI message resides in the picture immediately following the target picture in decoding order. In general, a frame is decoded from an access unit. A field can also be decoded from an access unit. In the scalable extension of H.264/AVC, decoding of an access unit sometimes results in two frames. Each access unit is formed of a series of network abstraction layer units (NAL units) that include one or more coded slices making up a coded picture.
The H.264/AVC coding standard includes a technical feature called a redundant picture. A redundant picture is a redundant coded representation of a picture, called a "primary picture", or a part of a picture. A spare coded picture (i.e. the SEI message) has a different syntax and semantics as the primary coded picture. When decoded, the terms "redundant picture" and "spare picture" can be used interchangeably. Each primary coded picture may have a few redundant pictures. After decoding, the region represented by a redundant picture should be similar in quality as the same region represented by the corresponding primary picture. A redundant picture must reside in the same access unit as the corresponding primary picture. In other words, they are next to each other in decoding order. If a region represented in the primary picture is lost or corrupted due to transmission errors, a correctly received redundant picture containing the same region can be used to reconstruct the region (if all the referenced areas in inter prediction of the redundant picture are correct or approximately correct in content).
The spare reference picture SEI messages in H.263 and H.264/AVC address efficiently only those video sequences that are shot with a stationary camera without zooming or changing the camera direction. However, in picture sequences pn, pn+i, pn+2, etc. that include camera pan, tilt, zoom-in or zoom-out, a large portion (e.g. non-moving objects and background) of pictures pn and pn+i, resemble each other. If picture pn+1 is lost or corrupted, it would help in error concealment and error tracking if the resembling areas could be identified and used in error concealment and as prediction references. As used herein, "error tracking" refers to tracking the impact (spatial coverage and sometimes also estimate of magnitude of error) of erroneously decoded areas in a picture in the next pictures that use the picture as a reference for inter prediction.
Unfortunately, error robustness of redundant pictures suffers from the fact that burst errors easily affect both a primary picture and the corresponding redundant pictures.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


An information processing device has a storage unit configured to store correlation information in which a control rule for an operating frequency of a central processing unit of the information processing device is correlated with a combination of a state change of a first element of the information processing device, and a state of a second element of the information processing device which is different from the first element, a detecting unit configured to detect the state change of the first element, a determining unit configured to determine the state of the second element in the event that state change of the first element has been detected by the detecting unit, a searching unit configured to search for, a control rule corresponding to a combination of the state change and the state, and a control unit configured to control the operating frequency of the central processing unit.

The type of operating systems conventionally used in embedded systems is single-task systems that have limited available applications, a characteristic which is not restricted to mobile terminals. There is known a technique, which uses this characteristic, in which the operating frequency of a central processing unit (CPU) that each application uses is controlled by methods that include obtaining the operating frequency by measuring, or the like, and detecting when applications start and quit. Appropriately controlling the operating frequency of the CPU enables processing capabilities to be secured and power consumption to be suppressed (for example, see Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication Nos. 2006-13756, 2004-355599, 2001-202166, and 2001-273057).
However, with operating systems for smartphones and the like, users may freely download and install various types of applications in a similar fashion as with personal computers, so it is difficult to obtain in advance the CPU operating frequency that the application desires. In the same way, with respect to a wide variety of terminals, an application developer may struggle to comprehend what level of CPU functionality an application which the developer himself/herself has created will use and may be unable to provide information for a CPU operation frequency which the application will use.
For the CPU operating frequency control architecture, for example, there is an architecture that instructs a control policy for the CPU operating frequency (that is, an algorithm for changing the CPU operating frequency, with parameters such as rate of change, upper limit/lower limit frequency, and so on) to the OS kernel. The kernel monitors the CPU usage, and determines a target CPU operating frequency based on the CPU usage and control policy. The kernel then notifies the driver of a circuit that controls the CPU voltage and clock of the determined target frequency. Based on the notification from the kernel, the driver sets the CPU frequency and voltage to a target value via procedures that are in accordance with the circuit properties.
In order to appropriately control the CPU operating frequency with such architecture, it is desirable to select the control policy in accordance with the usage purpose and state of the terminal. For example, there is a known technique in which the control policy is determined with control policies that are correlated in a one-to-one manner with events such as applications starting or stopping, a liquid crystal display turning on or off, starting/stopping of an external power supply, low battery, and so forth.
However, with the above-described related art, there is a problem that it is difficult to appropriately set the operating frequency of the CPU in accordance with the situation, since applications and hardware of multifunctional information processing devices, such as smart-phones, for example, operate under various states.

Information processing device, non-transitory, computer readable storage medium, and method of controlling information processing device


To prevent an overload from being imposed on a door drive mechanism when driving a door increased in weight due to upsizing so that reproducibility of a stop position of the door can be ensured, provided is a load port apparatus in which the door drive mechanism for driving the door in a direction perpendicular to an opening-portion forming plane is constituted by: a rotary cylinder capable of pivoting a cam follower from an angle of 0° to an angle of 180°; and a slider including a cam groove capable of housing the cam follower within a plane perpendicular to a rotational axis of the rotary cylinder, the cam groove extending in a vertical direction, and in which the door is supported by the slider.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to what is called a front-opening interface mechanical standard (FIMS) system, that is, a load port apparatus, which is used for transferring, from one semiconductor processing apparatus to another semiconductor processing apparatus, wafers held in a sealed-type transport container called a pod, or for transferring the wafers from the semiconductor processing apparatus to the pot, during a semiconductor manufacturing process and the like. More particularly, the present invention relates to a load port apparatus, which has a feature in an incorporated drive mechanism for opening and closing a door.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, in a general semiconductor manufacturing process, cleanliness is managed throughout the entire process by maintaining a highly clean state in only the following three spaces: inner spaces of various processing apparatuses; an inner space of a pod capable of housing wafers and transporting the wafers from one processing apparatus to another processing apparatus; and a mini-environment in which the wafers are exchanged between the pod and the respective processing apparatuses. Such a pod includes a main-unit portion which houses wafers therein and which has a wafer-insertion-and-removal opening formed in one side surface, and a lid which makes the inside of the pod serve as a sealed space by closing the opening. Further, a structure that defines the mini-environment includes an opening portion capable of facing the above-mentioned opening of the pod and a second opening portion arranged on a semiconductor processing-apparatus side so as to face the opening portion.
The load port apparatus includes a member as a partition wall provided with the opening portion, that is, a wall called a side base, a door for closing the opening portion, a door drive mechanism for controlling operation of the door, and a mount table on which the pod is to be placed. A placing base is capable of supporting the pod in such a manner as to face the opening of the pod and the opening portion each other, and brings the lid of the pod close to or separated from the door together with the pod itself. The door is capable of holding the lid of the pod. The door drive mechanism causes the door to open and close the opening portion under a state of holding the lid, and the door is caused to retract below a space between the opening portion and the second opening portion or to enter the space. A robot is arranged in the mini-environment, and the robot is capable of entering into and retracting from the inside of the pod through the opening portion and the opening of the pod, and transfers wafers between the inside of the pod and the semiconductor processing apparatus also through the second opening portion.
In semiconductor manufacturing steps, an increase in a bore diameter of wafers to be used has been promoted for higher productivity. Therefore, each of the above-mentioned pod, mini-environment, and inner space in the processing apparatus is also upsized, and accordingly there is also a demand for an enlargement of the opening portion of the load port apparatus and upsizing of the door along with the enlargement. Such upsizing of the door involves an increase in weight of the door, and further the door drive mechanism is required to have a larger actuation force according to the increased weight of the door. As a conventional door drive mechanism, there is known a structure constituted by a servomotor, a ball screw, and the like, which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-047839.
In a case where the weight of the door or the like increases, the required drive force of the drive mechanism also increases inevitably. However, in a case where the door is directly driven by using a motor that generates such a large drive force, when there arises a problem with position control, for example, an overload is imposed on a gear or the like, and in the extreme, there is a risk that the door, the door drive mechanism, or the like is damaged. Further, in a case of the configuration in which the door abuts against the pod at the time of loading the pod, for example, highly accurate position control is required for the door or the pod in consideration of the above-mentioned overload problem. In this case, the magnitude of the drive force may be a negative factor in an attempt to increase the accuracy of the stop position of the door or the like, and therefore there is a demand to establish stop position control different from the conventional control.


A tubular bag is made of synthetic thermoplastic material preferably provided with side gussets. The bag is closed at one end by a transverse seam weld and at the other end has an opening which is defined by edge portions of respective side walls of the bag which lie one on the other when the bag is collapsed. One side wall of the bag is provided with narrow lugs, which protrude from the opening-defining edge portion of one side wall and which are formed with holes for retaining pins on which the bag can be suspended.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a bag made of tubular synthetic thermoplastic material, preferably with side gussets, which is closed at one end by a transverse seam weld and which at the other end has an opening defined by edge portions of respective bag walls which lie one on the other in the collapsed bag and one of which walls is formed in said edge portion with holes for receiving retaining pins.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A bag of the above kind is known, e.g., from Published German Patent Application 32 42 510. In the known bag, the holes are formed in pairs in the opening-defining edge portion of one bag wall and permit the bag, or a stack composed of a plurality of bags, to be suspended from retaining pins from which the bags can then be torn.
Bags of this kind are used to package, e.g., diapers. In this case, a bag which constitutes the uppermost bag of a stack, which is retained by retaining pins, is inflated by an air blast so that feed tongs which hold the diapers can move the diapers into the bag and when the diapers have been pushed into the bag can be used to tear the bag from the retaining pins. When the tongs have been moved out of the bag, the latter is closed at its open end by a transverse, seam weld formed inwardly of the holes so that strips of the bag formed with the holes become available as waste material. Since the waste strips are relatively wide, they involve a considerable loss of material.


A putting practice and game apparatus is disclosed, which is simple, cost effective device which may be portable and is easily constructed for use. The apparatus comprises an elongated playing surface which has at least one target hole positioned adjacent one end thereof, toward which golf balls or the like are putted. The playing surface is supported at one end thereof by a lift base which is positioned in spaced relation to the end of the playing surface. The lift base allows the playing surface to be pivoted upwardly about the lift base such that the end of the playing surface may be selectively raised. This action allows any balls on the playing surface or within any holes on the playing surface to be returned to the user positioned at the other end thereof. The playing surface may be adjusted to provide an unlimited number of variations in the shape of the playing surface presented for putting. The ball return mechanism of the invention may include return channels, which rely upon the selective inclination of the playing surface to return balls contained therein. Of particular importance in the structure is the at least one hole provided in the apparatus, which is adapted to retain a desired number of balls and allows the balls to be ejected therefrom upon inclination of the playing surface.

This invention generally relates to a putting practice and game apparatus which can be used in a relatively small area either indoors or outdoors. More particularly, the invention relates to a putting practice and game apparatus which is adjustable for a variety of putting shots and allows balls to be returned selectively by the user.
In the recent past, the game of golf has become increasingly popular, and the need for practicing has become apparent. Additionally, many people have found that putt-putt golf courses or similar putting games are an enjoyable recreational activity. Various apparatus have been developed for allowing one to putt indoors for practice in perfecting ones putting skills, or allowing a putting game to be played therewith. In many aspects, prior art indoor putting apparatus are deficient. For example, such apparatus may not be adaptable to provide variable putting surfaces which allow putting to be varied for a continual challenge. Most of the prior art putting apparatus are relatively simple in construction and use and putting therewith becomes routine and less beneficial after a short time. Additionally, such games do not accurately simulate actual putting on a golf course except in a remote sense, and do not provide undulating or variable surfaces for putting on. It has also been a desirable feature to provide for all return to enable the user to practice efficiently or more easily. Such ball return features have been generally unreliable and many times comprise a relatively complicated construction.
An example of a putting practice apparatus in the prior art is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,240,637, which consists of a deck having an upper putting surface which allows variable adjustment with respect to a base portion thereof. Several height adjustment devices allow the height of the deck surface to be changed and the magnitude of the slope to be modified. The apparatus includes one hole which communicates with the interior of the apparatus and various channel pathways for return of a ball falling therein. In many instances, the use of return channels in various putting devices have lead to problems in reliably and efficiently returning all balls hit by the player. It is also noted that variation of the playing surface in this prior patent is limited to initially adjusting the plane of the playing surface and not necessarily its shape.
Another putting practice device is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,856,313, which includes a frame structure having gutters along the side thereof for return of balls hit into the holes on a playing surface communicating therewith. Similar problems exist with such return mechanisms, and such constructions must necessarily e somewhat complex and cumbersome in their construction and assembly. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,595,581, there is shown a simulated golf green formed on a large platform which may be distorted to a plurality of non-planar forms. Although variability in the playing surface is accomplished, the apparatus is quite complex and too large to provide a portable and easily used device. Similarly, a simulated putting green is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,580,583, which again includes the use of ball return channels. In many apparatus which use ball return channels, such channels must necessarily be positioned to afford a downhill path after the ball falls therein. This structure will necessarily require adding height to the apparatus which under many circumstances is undesirable. Other complex structures simulating golf greens have been developed, for example in U.S. Pat. No. 3,522,947.
Additional examples of putting games have been developed as shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,424,463 and 1,784,863, all of which utilize various cumbersome forms in an attempt to provide some mechanism to return putted balls to the player. In all of the above devices, there is not found a simple and effective putting practice and game apparatus which allows balls to be returned easily and effectively, while not adding significantly to the height, complexity or cost of the apparatus.


A circuit includes a phase control logic, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and digital logic. The phase control logic is configured to couple to a plurality of power phases of a multi-phase power supply. The digital logic is configured to couple to the phase control logic and the ADC, to receive an instruction to operate in a self-calibration mode of operation, receive a first message including a value associated with a calibrated load configured to couple to the plurality of power phases, perform a self-calibration sub-routine for each power phase of the plurality of power phases based at least partially on the received instruction, the received first message, and a signal received from the ADC, and receive a second message instructing the digital logic to store a result of the self-calibration in a memory of the circuit.

In some instances, a manufacturer of circuits performs a final test of the circuits at an end of a manufacturing process to verify operation of the circuits and, in some cases, performs trimming and/or adjustment of parameters of the circuits based on an outcome of the testing. For example, offset and/or gain settings of the circuits may be modified based on the testing. However, it may be impractical, if not impossible, for the manufacturer to separately test every circuit for the purposes of trimming the circuit, and the manufacturer may therefore rely on characterization testing. For example, the manufacturer may test a portion of a production run of circuits and, based on results obtained from the test of the portion of the production run of circuits, trim the full production run of circuits (e.g., such as using an average value obtained from the test of the portion of the production run of circuits). While this trimming may correct for systematic errors in the circuits, it does not account for assembly to assembly variation between the circuits and therefore may result in some of the circuits being trimmed properly, some trimmed sufficiently but not optimally, and some trimmed insufficiently.


An apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention, the apparatus for detecting transmission power of a first communication scheme in a mobile communication terminal having a first modem for the first communication scheme and a second modem for a second communication scheme which is different from the first communication scheme, includes: a feedback circuit configured to detect a high frequency signal outputted from a power amplifier of the first communication scheme and convert the detected high frequency signal into an analog signal; a reception unit configured to receive the analog signal outputted from the feedback circuit and band information transmitted from the first modem for the first communication scheme; and an output unit configured to output a particular value after comparing a signal outputted from the reception unit and a predetermined signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for detecting transmission power of a mobile terminal having heterogeneous modems and, more particularly, to an apparatus and method for detecting code division multiple access (CDMA) transmission power of a simultaneous voice-long term evolution (LTE) (SVLTE) terminal.
2. Description of the Related Art
The specification of a specific absorption rate (SAR) of a CDMA-only terminal minimizes a SAR margin in order to secure a total radiated power (TRP) performance. Here, wireless performance increases as the TRP becomes larger, but because the TRP is harmful to human body, it has been designated as an SAR measurement item for terminal specifications. In general, when transmission power of CDMA is around 24 dB, it reaches an SAR standard limit value. Also, long term evolution (LTE)-only device SAR specifications minimize the SAR margin in order to secure the TRP performance. Here, the SAR is proportional to the TRP. Namely, as the TRP increases, the SAR value increases, thus when maximum TRP is output, the SAR reaches a limit value. Thus, a terminal operating based on both CDMA and LTE, the SAR problem arises, failing to satisfy federal communications commission (FCC) standards.

Apparatus and method for detecting transmission power of terminal having heterogeneous modem chips


An isolated monoclonal antibody that specifically binds human CD40. A nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody, an expression vector, a host cell and a method for expressing the antibody are also provided. The present invention further provides an immunoconjugate, a bispecific molecule, a chimeric antigen receptor, an oncolytic virus and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody, as well as a treatment method using an anti-CD40 antibody of the invention.

CD40, also referred to as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 or TNFR5, is a transmembrane costimulatory protein expressed on antigen presenting cells such as B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Binding of this protein with CD40L (CD154), the major ligand expressed primarily by activated T lymphocytes and platelets, activates antigen presenting cells and triggers a variety of downstream signalings, including immune cell activation and proliferation, and production of cytokines and chemokines, enhancing cellular and immune functions (Ara A et al., (2018) Immunotargets Ther 7: 55-61).
On the other hand, CD40 is also found on non-immune cells and tumors (Costello et al., (1999) Immunol Today 20(11): 488-493; Tong et al., (2003) Cancer Gene Ther 10(1): 1-13; Lee et al., (2014) Curr Cancer Drug Targets 14(7): 610-620; Ara A et al., (2018) supra), and was reported to be involved in pathologies of several inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune diseases, atherothrombosis, cancers, and respiratory diseases. For example, CD40/CD40L expression was up-regulated in atheroma-associated cells. CD40 was found in neally all B-cell malignancies and up to 70% of solid tumors, and CD40 engagement in certain B-cell malignancies caused increased expression of many factors that protect the cell from apoptosis induced by apoptotic agents (Lee et al., (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:9136-9141).
Despite of CD40's complicated effects on tumor development, several anti-CD40 antibodies have been developed for potential tumor treatment. CP-870,893, a fully human IgG2 CD40 agonistic antibody developed by Pfizer, can activate dendritic cells and has shown clinical efficacy in a number of settings of patients with advanced cancers (Vonderheide et al., (2007) J Clin Oncol 25(7): 876-883; Gladue et al., (2011) Cancer Immunol Immunother 60(7): 1009-1017; Beatty et al., (2013) Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 17(2): 175-186; Vonderheide et al., (2013) Oncoimmunology 2(1): e23033; Nowak et al., Ann Oncol 26(12): 2483-2490; 2015 U.S. Pat. No. 7,338,660). Dacetuzumab, also known as SGN-40, a humanized lgG1 agonistic anti-CD40 antibody developed by Seattle Genetics, has also shown anti-tumor activity when given intravenously every week, especially in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Preclinical data also showed synergic effect of Dacetuzumab with other agents such as the anti-CD20 mAb rituximab (Lapalombella et al., (2009) Br J Haematol 144(6): 848-855; Hussein et al., (2010) Haematologica 95(5): 845-848; de Vos et al., (2014) J Hematol Oncol 7: 44). Chi Lob 7/4, another chimeric anti-human IgG1 agonistic anti-CD40 antibody developed by Cancer Research UK, is undergoing initial clinical testing. Eleven of the 21 patients showed stable disease with no complete or partial responses (Chowdhury et al., (2014) Cancer Immunol Res 2(3): 229-240). Further, antagonistic anti-CD40 antibodies have been studied for their anti-tumor activity on human multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Bensinger W et al., (2012) Br J Haematol. 159(1): 58-66; Mohammad Luqman et al., (2008) Blood 112: 711-720).
There remains a need for more CD40 antibodies with improved pharmaceutical characteristics.

Antibodies specific to CD40 and uses thereof

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