A cassette holder which conveys a cassette between a cassette inserting position and a cassette loading position is opened at its top so as to form a channel-like section, and this top is covered with a cassette pressing plate which is urged downward by a spring. When the cassette holder including the cassette is moved to the cassette loading position, the cassette pressing plate follows this cassette holder and then pushes down the whole top face of the cassette so as to be able to prevent the cassette from an erroneous insertion and position the cassette quite stably and accurately on positioning pins in the cassette loading position.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a cassette loading device which has a cassette holder movable between a cassette inserting position and a cassette loading position, by which a cassette that is inserted in the cassette holder at the cassette inserting position is conveyed downward to the cassette loading position so as to be put on a positioning means disposed in the cassette loading position, and which is most suitably used for a cassette tape recording and/or reproducing apparatus, such for example, as a cassette video tape recorder.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In a conventional cassette loading device illustrated in FIGS. 1A to 2C, a cassette holder 1 comprises a bottom plate 1a, a pair of right and left side plates 1b and a top plate 1c arranged so as to form a rectangular section.
The cassette holder 1 is driven by a lifting mechnism (not shown) between a cassette inserting position shown in FIGS. 1A, 2A and a cassette loading position lying thereunder shown in FIGS. 1B, 2B in direction of arrows a and b, that is, along an inverted L-shaped route.
When loaded, a cassette 3 is inserted horizontally in direction of arrow C as shown in FIG. 1A through a cassette inserting aperture 5 opening in a front panel 4 into the cassette holder 1 which is to return to the cassette inserting position.
On this occasion, a front end face 3a of the cassette 3 abuts on a stopper 6 disposed at one end of the bottom plate 1a of the cassette holder 1 to put the cassette 3 in proper position and, as illustrated in FIG. 2B, a guide groove 7 formed along the center line of a bottom face 3b of the cassette 3 is engaged with a rail 8 formed along the center line of the bottom plate 1a of the cassette holder 1 so as to prevent the cassette 3 from being inserted inversely or upside-down and to provide proper positioning of the cassette 3 in a right to left orientation. In addition as illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a cassette pressing mechanism 11 which comprises a plurality of rollers 9, a leaf spring 10, etc. is disposed in the top plate 1c of the cassette holder 1 to resiliently urge the inserted cassette 3 down against the bottom plate 1a of the cassette holder 1.
After an insertion of the cassette, the cassette holder 1 is moved horizontally backward and then vertically downward in direction of arrow a shown in FIG. 1A to the cassette loading position by the lifting mechanism so as to engage a pair of right and left reels (not shown) within the cassette 3 with a pair of reel tables (not shown) on a chassis 12 in the cassette loading position as shown in FIGS. 1B, 2B.
On this occasion, the bottom face 3b of the loaded cassette 3 is put on a positioning means, which comprises a plurality of positioning pins 13 which are built in a chassis 12 and extend upwardly through the bottom plate 1a of the cassette holder 1 so as to from a gap A between the bottom face 3b of the cassette 3 and the bottom plate 1a of the cassette holder 1 and pressed down by the leaf spring 10 of the cassette pressing mechanism 11 for positioning the cassette 3.
By the way, the operation to take out the cassette 3 from the cassette holder 1 is accomplished by reversing the above operation, whereas the cassette holder is moved vertically upward and then horizontally forward in the direction of arrow b shown in FIG. 1A.
The conventional cassette loading device constituted as mentioned above has a defect as follows:
Lest a top face 3c of the cassette 3 should abut on the top plate 1c of the cassette holder 1 when the cassette 3 is set in the cassette loading position as illustrated in FIGS. 1B, 2B and separated by the predetermined gap A within the cassette holder 1 from the bottom plate 1a by the positioning pins 13, a predetermined gap B is necessary between the top face 3c and the top plate 1C, so that when the cassette 3 is inserted in the cassette holder 1 in the direction of arrow c as shown in FIGS. 1A, 2A, a conspicuously large gap C which is a sum of the gaps A and B is formed between the top face 3c of the cassette 3 and the top plate 1C of the cassette holder 1.
On the other hand, the larger a depth D of the guide groove 7 in the bottom face 3b of the cassette 3 becomes, the larger a thickness of the cassette 3 becomes. Hence, the rail 8 of the cassette holder 1 can not be so tall but must be generally less than gap C.
Such being the case, the bottom face 3b of the cassette 3 often runs on to the rail 8 of the cassette holder 1 as shown in FIGS. 1C, 2C because of the improper insertion of the cassette 3 into the cassette holder 1, so that it becomes impossible to prevent the cassette 3 from erroneous insertion and incorrect positioning in its right to left orientation.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1B, 2B to press stably the cassette 3 on the positioning pins 13 in the cassette loading position for positioning the cassette 3, it is important to have the cassette 3 pressed in a middle portion in a front to rear orientation of the cassette 3 and that in properly spaced, well-proportioned position in a right to left orientation of the cassette 3 by the cassette pressing mechanism 11.
Therefore, to press always stably each of the cassettes 3 on the pressing pins 13 even if the inserted cassettes 3 are different in sizes from one another, such for example, as shown by a solid line, dot-and-dash line and double-dots-and-dash line in FIGS. 2A, 2B, it is necessary to include a plurality of cassette pressing mechanisms suitable for the cassettes 3 of various sizes, respectively. Such causes to make a construction of the upper portion of the cassette holder 1 very complicate, the cassette dear and the inside of the cassette more crowded.


A method for dispensing or depositing particulate material includes accumulating particulate material in a nozzle having an opening at the bottom for discharging the particulate material, and applying positive air pressure to a buffer chamber positioned in communication with the accumulation of particulate material to start and control the flow of particulate material through the opening and applying negative pressure to the buffer chamber to stop the flow of particulate material. An unobstructed interface can exist between a surface of the particulate material and air in the buffer chamber. In one embodiment, roofing shingle granules are applied intermittently to a moving coated asphaltic sheet through a slot to form strip roofing shingles.

Various means have been employed in the past to dispense particulate materials. These materials can be rather coarse, as in granular material, such as shingle granules. There is also a need to dispense finely divided particulate material, such as powders. Typical means for dispensing particulate materials include direct feed nozzles and open hoppers.
Some processes require a periodic starting and stopping of the dispensing process. For example, dispensing particulate material into continuously indexing containers, and depositing particulate material onto substrates in patterns.
Where there is a need for starting and stopping the dispensing of the particulate materials, a mechanical means, such as a fluted roll, is usually inserted at the bottom of the nozzle. Rotation of the fluted roll causes a predetermined amount of the particulate material to be dropped through the nozzle opening.
There is a need for a more accurate way to control the dispensing of particulate material, particularly where the dispensing is to be intermittent. As process speeds increase it becomes more and more difficult to precisely control the starting and stopping of the discharge of particulate material. Mechanical devices have been found to be deficient in accurately starting and stopping the process.
Lack of precise control in a process for depositing particulate material onto a substrate results in an imprecise or fuzzy boundary between the applied portion of the substrate and the non-applied portion of the substrate. Lack of precise control in a process for depositing particulate material into containers, compartmented receptacles or packages passing beneath the nozzle manifests itself in spillage of the particulate material outside the containers.
One cause of the impreciseness of typical particulate material depositing techniques is that the nozzles depend on gravity exclusively, not only for directing the particulate material from the nozzle, but also for movement of the particulate material within the nozzle itself. The use of gravity to move the particulate material within the nozzle, or discharge apparatus itself, has feed rate limitations, and there is no easy way to control the rate of flow of the particulate material.
An improved means and method for dispensing particulate material from a nozzle would eliminate the lack of preciseness inherent in the mechanical action of mechanically operated apparatus, such as a fluted roll. Also, the ideal system would provide a means for enhancing gravitational forces in starting and stopping flow and would enable some means for controlling the flow rate of particulate material during discharge.

Method for pneumatically controlling discharge of particulate material

Owens Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc.


A system for finding a corner of an artifact in a two-dimensional pixel image selects an original seed pixel and generates a reference vector using the original seed pixel. The system selects a next seed pixel using the original seed pixel and generates a current vector using the next seed pixel. The system compares the current vector to the reference vector and selects a corner based on that comparison. Also a system for finding a corner of a bar code symbol in a two-dimensional pixel image selects a sequence of seed pixels, having a first seed pixel and a plurality of successive seed pixels, where each successive seed pixel is selected in accordance with the previous seed pixel in the sequence. The system generates a reference vector in accordance with the first seed pixel and generates a plurality of successive vectors, each in accordance with a successive seed pixel. The system compares the reference vector to each of the successive vectors and selects a corner in accordance with the comparison.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to detecting artifact corners in two-dimensional images, and, in particular, to methods and apparatuses for detecting corners of bar code symbols that are randomly arranged in two-dimensional gray-scale pixel images.
2. Statement of Related Art
Bar codes are the most widely used code for automatic identification. Traditional bar code symbol readers are laser scanners that are ill-suited for reading two-dimensional codes. In addition, they may require frequent maintenance and tuning. Two-dimensional codes may be more easily read by systems with cameras having linear CCD arrays. Such cameras, which require little maintenance or tuning, generate two-dimensional gray-scale pixel images of code symbols. The present invention detects and decodes bar code symbols in pixel images generated by CCD camera systems, so that the same code symbol reader may be used for reading both bar codes and two-dimensional codes.

Method and apparatus for detecting artifact corners in two-dimensional images


On the basis of subsidiary information associated with image data, an image for the image data is segmented into multiple subregions, and feature values are extracted for each of the subregions obtained through the segmentation. The category for each of the subregions is determined on the basis of the extracted feature values.

Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to image recognition, and more specifically it relates to technology for segmenting an input image into regions belonging to predetermined categories.
Description of Related Art
Research on image recognition technology for recognizing a target object from an input image is being carried out with increasing interest. Examples of the image recognition include, among others, face recognition of determining the position of a face which is present in an image, human-body detection of detecting a human body within an image, and scene recognition of recognizing the environment or condition in which an image is captured. In image recognition, a file format, such as Joint Photographic coding Experts Group (JPEG) or bit map (BMP), which is typically used for an input image is designed in terms of storage space (size of image) and viewing details (amount of information). Therefore, a red, green, blue (RGB) image which is read from data in a conventional file format fails to provide information sufficient for highly accurate image recognition. Therefore, a proposal that information obtained upon capture of an image is to be used for image recognition has been also made.
In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-220197, a technique is described in which a shadow region is discriminated from a non-shadow region to obtain an adequate white balance (WB) coefficient for each region in an image which is captured in fine weather and in which blue fogging may occur. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-220197, parameters used upon capture of an image are used to obtain a photometric value, to correct the brightness values of pixels by using the photometric value, to generate a photometric-value mapping for the pixels, to determine whether the scene of the image is an indoor scene or an outdoor scene, and to determine shadow regions when the scene is an outdoor scene. Examples of the parameters used upon capture of an image include exposure time, sensitivity, and numerical aperture (F-number value), among others.
In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-86021, a technique is described in which each of the frequency, the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, the compression scheme, the brightness, and the like of an input image signal is subjected to clustering, and in which coefficients corresponding to class classification results are used to perform image processing.
Image recognition processing in which an input image is segmented into regions belonging to predetermined categories is known. This type of processing is called "semantic segmentation". Image recognition processing using semantic segmentation may be applied to image correction, scene interpretation, and the like which produce results suitable for objects to be recognized.
However, for image recognition processing using semantic segmentation, a configuration in which regions belonging to categories are accurately recognized by using subsidiary information obtained upon capture of an image has not been proposed nor effectively implemented.

Image recognition apparatus, image recognition method, and recording medium


The invention relates to a top comb for a textile treating or processing machine, especially a combing machine. Said top comb comprises a plurality of needles that are arranged in at least one row in a side-by-side parallel relation. Said needles, at least in some sections, have a pitch unequal 90xc2x0 relative to the theoretical plane of movement of the fiber strip to be combed. A nipper unit is mounted before the top comb in the direction f movement and a pair of take-down rollers after the top comb. The aim of the invention is to improve the combing capacity of such a top comb. To this end, the needles of the top comb have a pitch (xcex1) 92xc2x0, especially 95xc2x0 in the area of the free needle point.

The present invention relates to a fixed comb for a textile treatment or processing machine, specifically a combing machine, comprising a plurality of adjacent needles disposed in at least one row, which have, at least in sections, a working angle not equal to 90xc2x0 relative to the theoretical movement plane of the sliver being combed, wherein, viewed in the direction of the movement, a nipper unit is disposed before the fixed comb and a pair of take-off rollers is disposed after the fixed comb.
A fixed comb of the above type, or a combing machine with a fixed comb of the above type, is known, for example, from CH 679 590 A5. The known fixed comb has a free needle projection wherein the needles in that region are angled such that the angled region at the free end of the needle extends in the direction of the movement, viewed relative to the sliver. Solutions of this type are known also in various other embodiments, for example from EP 0 557 698 A1. Conventionally, the angling or curving of the needles is intended to achieve that the sliver becomes caught in the needles and is guided to their center region.
With this as the starting point, the invention has as its object to improve a fixed comb of the above type in such a way that an improvement of the combing result is attained at least in conjunction with certain types of textile treatment and processing machines.
This object is met according to the invention in such a way that the needles of the fixed comb in the region of the free needle projection have a working angle greater than 92xc2x0, particularly  greater than 95xc2x0. An optimal angle, for example, is 98xc2x0. Surprisingly it has been found that the result of such a design of the free needle projection is that the needle trim is always free, and the fibrous web is thus able to easily penetrate into the comb, and boll fragments, burl and noils accordingly are held back. Boll fragments, burls and noils that initially become stuck due to an unfavorable shape or size are pushed down into the comb-out position of the circular comb by the upper nipper element, off the fibers that remain in the comb and protrude out of the comb itself, after the combed staple has been taken off. By this process, which is aided by the inventive needle position, the fixed comb cleans itself during the combing process. In the subsequent combing cycle, the sliver end that was previously combed out by the circular comb can thus easily penetrate into the clean fixed comb. This results in less stress on the entire fixed comb as well as on its fastening components. Due to the lesser stress, which remains virtually constant during the entire operating time of the machine, the combing machine can be precisely adjusted, which results in an optimization of the combing process, i.e., specifically the percentage of long fibers in the combing waste is reduced and the combing process can be adapted to the desires of the individual customer. The inventive design can also be applied very advantageously in combination with a fixed comb that is known per se, which is additionally cleaned pneumatically.
In a further embodiment of the invention, provision may be made for the needles to be curved convexly against the direction of movement of the sliver. Specifically, the curvature of the needles and optionally that of the cover plates may be largely coaxial to the upper take-off roller. This results in the free needle projection extending very closely to the region between the two take-off rollers, which provides for an improvement in the combing result.
The invention will be explained in detail below, based on a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the drawing, in which:


A circuit designed to hold wordlines inactive when adjacent wordlines are activated to limit errors due to capacitive coupling between wordlines. A space saving technique for maintaining wordlines inactive uses a common gate structure across a plurality of bleed transistors which weakly hold the associated wordlines to an inactive level. The bleed device holds the inactive wordline to an inactive level while consuming a very small current. While the bleed device holds the wordlines inactive with a weak current, the bleed device hold may be overcome by other devices driving the wordlines active with strong drive currents. The use of modulated control of bleed devices is based upon the physical arrangement and proximity of adjacent wordlines such as in odd/even layouts of wordline architectures.

The present invention relates generally to semiconductor integrated circuits. More particularly, it pertains to a decoder circuit of reduced size for use in addressing memory bits in integrated memory circuits.
Semiconductor memory devices are integrated circuits in which information may be stored and from which information may be extracted when desired. Each memory device is built from a plurality of memory cells in which each memory cell memorizes one binary bit of data. Although a bit of data seems insignificant, modern memory devices contain billions of memory cells to store billions of bits of information.
Modern memory device are of a variety of types such as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), video random access memory (VRAM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable and programmable read only memories (EEPROMS), dynamic electrically alterable programmable read only memory (DEAPROM), flash memory, or other semiconductor memory devices. As these devices become more sophisticated, they require more and more memory in order to keep pace with the increasing complexity of software based applications that run on the systems. Thus, as the technology relating to memory devices has evolved, designers have tried to increase the density of the components of the memory device. For example, the electronics industry strives to decrease the size of memory cells that store the data in the memory device. This allows a larger number of memory cells to be fabricated without substantially increasing the size of the semiconductor wafer used to fabricate the memory device.
Memory devices store data in vast arrays of memory cells. Essentially, the cells are located at intersections of wordlines and bitlines (rows and columns of an array). Each cell conventionally stores a single bit of data as a logical xe2x80x9c1xe2x80x9d or a logical xe2x80x9c0xe2x80x9d and can be individually accessed or addressed. Conventionally, each cell is addressed using two multi-bit numbers. The first multi-bit number, or row address, identifies the row of the memory array in which the memory cell is located. The second multi-bit number, or column address, identifies the column of the memory array in which the desired memory cell is located. Each row address/column address combination corresponds to a single memory cell.
To access an individual memory cell, the row and column addresses are applied to inputs of row and column decoders, respectively. Conventionally, row and column decoders are fabricated using programmable logic arrays. These arrays are configured so as to select desired word and bit lines based on address signals applied to the inputs of the array. As with the array of memory cells, the decoder arrays use a portion of the surface area of the semiconductor wafer. Thus, designers also strive to reduce the surface area required for the decoder arrays.
Memory devices are fabricated using photolithographic techniques that allow semiconductor and other materials to be manipulated to form integrated circuits as is known in the art. These photolithographic techniques essentially use light that is focussed through lenses and masks to define patterns in the materials with microscopic dimensions. The equipment and techniques that are used to implement this photolithography provide a limit for the size of the circuits that can be formed with the materials. Essentially, at some point, the lithography cannot create a fine enough image with sufficient clarity to decrease the size of the elements of the circuit. In other words, there is a minimum dimension that can be achieved through conventional photolithography. This minimum dimension is referred to as the xe2x80x9ccritical dimensionxe2x80x9d (CD) or minimum xe2x80x9cfeature sizexe2x80x9d (F) of the photolithographic process. The minimum feature size imposes one constraint on the size of the components of a memory device, including the decoder array. In order to keep up with the demands for higher capacity memory devices, designers search for other ways to reduce the size of the components of the memory device, including the decoder array.
As a result, the semiconductor memory devices are becoming more and more complex as the industry continues to increase the capacity of memory devices while at the same time reducing the size of the components which make up the semiconductor memory devices. The increase in capacity of memory devices is partly due to the shrinking of the components fabricated on the semiconductor die into smaller and smaller dimensions. For example, the smallest defined feature size (F) of some semiconductor memories is in the submicron range. In addition to shrinking the feature size of the circuits of semiconductor memories, optimizing the design for circuits also contributes to increased capacity for semiconductor memory devices. For example, efficient ways to implement electronic circuitry in semiconductor devices which minimize their required area on the semiconductor surface can result in space savings which can be used to increase the number of memory bits (mbits) that can be packaged in a memory device.
Because semiconductor memory devices such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) devices are highly ordered in regular arrays, photolithographic duplication of memory cells and the circuits which access, read and write the memory cells is one way in which these circuits are manufactured. For example, a simple 3-to-8 line decoder circuit used for address decoding may be duplicated thousands of times within a semiconductor memory device. Thus, an area savings of one transistor can result in a total area savings on a semiconductor memory device of 1,000 times the area of the one transistor saved. Thus, incremental advances in the packing density of components of semiconductor memory devices can result in large advances in the total packing density and increased capacity of memory devices.
As the memory devices shrink in physical dimensions, and the electrical components on the integrated circuit are manufactured closer together, the issue of electrical noise becomes an increasing problem. For example, a wire internal to an integrated circuit may switch from a low voltage to a high voltage which may cause an adjacent wire to momentarily rise in voltage due to capacitive coupling between the wires. This increase in noise due to proximity and capacitive coupling must also be addressed as the packing density increases and the dimensions decrease.
There is a need in the art for increasing the capacity and density of memory devices and at the same time decreasing the area of components used to make up semiconductor memory devices to allow increased memory bit capacities for memories. There is also a need to address on-chip noise problems which arise due to the increased packing density.
The above-mentioned problems with memory devices and other problems are addressed by the present invention and will be understood by reading and studying the following specification. Devices and methods are described which accord these benefits.
The present invention describes several embodiments which are designed to hold unselected decoder output lines, such as wordlines, to a voltage or ground when adjacent wordlines are selected to limit errors due to sympathetic capacitive coupling between wordlines. In one illustrative embodiment, a space saving technique for maintaining wordlines in unselected states is comprised of a common gate structure utilized across a plurality of bleed transistors which weakly pull or hold the associated wordlines to an unselected voltage level. In other embodiments, the bleed device holds the unselected wordline to an voltage or ground level while consuming a very small current. While the bleed device holds the wordlines to the unselected voltage level with a weak current, the bleed device hold may be overcome by other devices driving the wordlines with strong drive currents. Other embodiments include the use of modulated or changing control voltages on the bleed signal of the bleed devices based upon the physical arrangement and proximity of adjacent wordlines such as odd/even layouts of wordline architectures.
These and other embodiments, aspects, advantages, and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art by reference to the following description of the invention and referenced drawings or by practice of the invention. The aspects, advantages, and features of the invention are realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities, procedures, and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Methods and apparatus for reducing decoder area


An acceleration sensor for vehicle-sensitive systems is mounted on a part connected to the vehicle and comprises a mounting part having a baseplate, which has a spherical socket-shaped recess and bearing means for an impulse lever, which between the tip thereof and the part thereof mounted in the bearing means is enlarged to form a spherical socket-shaped cap. A ball which constitutes an inertia mass is provided between the cap and the socket-shaped recess and an actuating member, which preferably consists of a control pawl which is in contact, or almost in contact, with the tip of the impulse lever and is activated by the tip thereof as the ball is moved out of its position of rest by accelerations having predetermined values. The mounting part is directly or indirectly pivoted to a pivoted part of the vehicle, such as a seat or the rest of a seat, on an axis which extends through the region in which the tip of the impulse lever contacts the actuating member. The mounting part is provided with a position control drive, which in response to a pivotal movement of the pivoted part of the vehicle imparts to the mounting part a pivotal movement such that the baseplate remains in a substantially horizontal position.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an acceleration sensor for vehicle-sensitive systems which is mounted on a part connected to the vehicle and comprises a mounting part having a baseplate, which has a spherical socket-shaped recess and bearing means for an impulse lever, which between the tip thereof and the part thereof mounted in the bearing means is enlarged to form a spherical socket-shaped cap. A ball which constitutes an inert; a mass is provided between the cap and the socket-shaped recess and an actuating member, which preferably consists of a control pawl which is in contact, or almost in contact with the tip of the impulse lever and is activated by the tip thereof as the ball is moved out of its position of rest by accelerations having predetermined values.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Such an acceleration sensor which is connected to a belt retractor is known from Published German Application 34 18 378. A satisfactory function of such acceleration sensor is ensured unless the baseplate of the mounting part for the ball is in a horizontal, or substantially horizontal, position. The acceleration sensor is usually adjusted to respond to accelerations in excess of 0.5 g. When the baseplate of the mounting part of the acceleration sensor assumes an inclined position, the ball will shift from its position of rest and the impulse lever will actuate the control pawl so that it enters between teeth of a control wheel and the belt retractor will thus be blocked.
If the acceleration sensor is connected to a part which is fixed to the vehicle and does not change its position relative to the vehicle, the baseplate of the mounting part will always remain in its predetermined horizontal basic position. However, if the belt retractor is installed, for instance, in the backrest of a seat of the vehicle and the position of the backrest is changed, the acceleration sensor will not be operable unless the baseplate of the mounting part is readjusted to a horizontal position.
German Patent Specification 26 58 747 discloses a seat belt system which is integrated in a seat, or a rest of a seat, of a motor vehicle and which, after a change of the position of the seat, or of the rest of the seat, can be adapted to the new position since the belt retractor provided with the acceleration sensor is mounted on a pivoted carrying plate, which through linkages consisting of levers and rods and/or Bowden cables can be pivotally moved to a position in which the vertical axis of the vehicle-sensitive blocking means is held in the direction of acceleration which is due to gravity. However, such known seat belt system involves a high expenditure because extensive adjusting and linkage means must be provided, which after any change of position of the seat or rest adjust the belt retractor provided with the acceleration sensor and in any adjusted position fix the belt retractor, so that it can take up the forces exerted by the belt.
From German Utility Model Specification 85 03 541 it is known per se to provide a belt retractor which is provided with an acceleration sensor which is secured to a seat of a vehicle and to adjust only the acceleration sensor rather than the entire belt retractor after a change of position of the seat. In such known adjusting mechanism, the lever which is described as an impulse lever directly constitutes a blocking lever for the control wheel so that when the blocking lever is actuated by the ball the tip of the lever will directly enter between teeth of a control wheel to block the same. However, because in the known apparatus the pivotal axis of the mounting part does not extend through the region of the tip of the blocking lever, any adjustment of the mounting part displaces the tip of the blocking lever relative to the teeth of the control wheel, so that an unchanged reliable movement of the blocking lever to a position between the teeth of the control wheel will no longer be ensured after a change of position.

Acceleration sensor for vehicle-sensitive systems


A signalling device for use when ice fishing which includes a flag that is retained in a generally horizontal retracted position when the device is set for use and moved to an upright signalling position when the fish takes the hook and pulls fishing line from a reel. The device also includes a frame supported on the ice in transverse relation to an ice hole in which the frame includes a unique structure which enables it to be easily lifted from the ice even if it is placed on the ice surface when the surface is somewhat slushy and becomes frozen to the ice thereby facilitating the fisherman pulling out a fish or removal of the device when it is desired to leave the fishing area. The reel on which the fishing line is mounted includes a guide having unique structure enabling the fishing line to be easily associated therewith and a drive shaft and tripping arm arrangement at the upper end thereof releasably engaging a spring biased flag wire or mast for releasing the flag for movement from its retracted position to its signalling position.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a tip-up flag device for ice fishing incorporating a unique base frame supporting the tip-up device and a unique retaining and release structure for the flag to retain it in retracted position and release it when a fish unreels fishing line from a reel on which the line is wound.
2. Description of the Relevant Art
Signalling devices of various types have been used with fishing apparatus in order to signal to the fisherman that a fish has taken the hook and pulled fishing line from the fishing reel. When ice fishing through a hole in the ice, a retracted signalling device, such as a signal flag, is retained in its non-signalling position by various structural arrangements. The following U.S. patents disclose structures which are relevant to ice fishing signal devices.
______________________________________ U.S. Pat. Nos: 2,608,783 Sep. 2, 1952 Rogers 2,636,303 Apr. 28, 1953 Feigley et al 2,654,176 Oct. 6, 1953 Kachelski et al 2,720,719 Oct. 18, 1955 Stancheck et al 3,352,048 Nov. 14, 1967 Fleming 3,641,693 Feb. 15, 1972 Pinnow 4,021,958 May 10, 1977 Snodie. ______________________________________


The invention provides a method for opening a slaughtered animal comprising the following steps of:. (1) providing a slaughtered animal; PA1 (2) suspending the animal from the hind legs; PA1 (3) arranging a cut in the belly wall close to the hind legs substantially in the plane of symmetry of the animal; PA1 (4) continuing this cut in substantially vertical downward direction; and PA1 (5) holding the intestines clear of the belly wall during step (4).

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for opening a slaughtered animal.
2. Background Information
Although many proposals have already been made for mechanically opening slaughtered animals, this work is in practice still performed manually. A problem in cutting open a slaughtered animal is that when the belly wall is cut open touching of the internal organs must be avoided in order to prevent contamination.

Method and device for opening a slaughtered animal


A socket wrench has a box end which confines an internal wall therein. A pair of rollers are connected rigidly by an eccentric shaft and are received in the box end. A pair of retaining plates are provided in the box end on both sides of the box end so as to retain the rollers therein. A resilient plate is provided between the rollers adjacent to the eccentric shaft. An inverted V-shaped rigid pawl member is provided around the eccentric shaft and includes a first and second section. The first section includes a curved first side formed adjacent to the internal wall of the box end, a straight second side forming a first clearance with the eccentric shaft and a free end interconnecting the curved first and straight second sides and which is biased by the resilient plate so that at least a portion of the curved first side adjacent to the resilient member frictionally abuts with the internal wall. The second section includes a third straight side connected to the curved first side and forming a second clearance between the internal wall and the third straight side, a curved fourth side spaced from the eccentric shaft and a free end interconnecting the straight third and fourth curved sides. A protrusion is formed between and interconnects the straight second side and the curved fourth side and pivotally abuts the eccentric shaft.

1. Field of invention
The invention relates to a wrench, more particularly to a socket wrench which has a simple construction and which is easy to manufacture.
2. Description of the Related Art
Sockets for turning nuts, bolts and similar fasteners have found wide acceptance throughout the field of mechanical arts. They generally facilitate turning of such fasteners and generally cause less wear to the fasteners when compared to other types of wrenches, such as adjustable wrenches, box wrenches and open-end wrenches.
Sockets require a compatible drive mechanism that engages the socket and that provides a handle for by applying torque to the socket. Ratchet-type wrenches apply torque to the sockets in one direction and rotate idly relative to the sockets in the opposite direction.
Problems with such ratchet-type wrenches are primarily the result of the complex mechanical arrangement of the ratchet mechanism. The ratchet mechanisms were too delicate for certain applications and were subject to failure from over-stress. In addition, the ratchet mechanism were designed such that they required a certain countertorque from the fastener and the socket before they would ratchet in the opposite direction. When the fastener was sufficiently free to turn so that the countertorque did not develop, the user generally had to supply such force with his free hand. To do this was often inconvenient and awkward and sometimes impossible.


The invention relates to a sensor apparatus (100) and a method for detecting clusters with magnetic particles in a sample. The sample is provided in at least one sample chamber (114) of a substantially planar cartridge (110) that is exposed to a modulated magnetic field (Bxz, Byz) generated by a magnetic field generator (190). The sample chamber (114) is illuminated with excitation light (L0), and the resulting output light (Ls) is detected by a light detector (180). The magnetic field (Bxz, Byz) may particularly rotate, inducing a corresponding rotation of clusters which in turn induces a variation of the detection signal (S). According to a preferred embodiment, excitation light (L0) is focused onto blocking spots (173) behind the sample chamber (114), thus shielding the light detector (180) from direct illumination.

The detection of clusters comprising magnetic particles by rotating them and detecting the light scattered in a dark field configuration is known from literature (Ranzoni, A., Schleipen, J. J. H. B., van Ijzendoorn, L. J. & Prins, M. W., "Frequency-Selective Rotation of Two-Particle Nanoactuators for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Biomolecules", Nano Lett 11, 2017-2022). In the described setup, a sample with the clusters is provided in a cuvette.


A semiconductor device is supported by a substrate with a smaller lattice constant. A metamorphic buffer provides a transition from the smaller lattice constant of the substrate to the larger lattice constant of the semiconductor device. In one application, the semiconductor device has a lattice constant of between approximately 6.1 and 6.35 angstroms, metamorphic buffer layers include Sb (e.g., AlInSb buffer layers), and the substrate has a smaller lattice constant (e.g., Si, InP or GaAs substrates).

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to metamorphic buffers on small lattice constant substrates, for example AlInSb metamorphic buffer layers on Si, GaAs or InP substrates.
2. Description of the Related Art
Owing to the wide range of desirable electronic and optical properties of ternary, quaternary, and higher complexity semiconductor materials, there is an ongoing need to provide a suitable growth platform for semiconductor alloys for which no lattice matched substrate is readily available. Researchers and technologists have been quick to exploit the combinations of materials that have lattice constants close to those of readily available substrate materials. However, many interesting and potentially high performance device structures, including emitters, detectors, and high speed electronic devices, face fabrication challenges due to the lack of a suitable substrate on which to grow them.
For example, for III-V compound semiconductors, the substrates available in reasonable quantity with high metallurgical quality at affordable cost are limited to a few of the binary materials, including GaAs, InP, InAs, InSb, GaSb, and GaP. To date, no high quality substrates of any of the ternary III-V alloys are commercially available although many of these alloys are of interest for device structures. However, semiconductor devices in which the active region of the device is grown directly onto a lattice-mismatched substrate usually contain a large density of metallurgical (structural) defects, leading to poor device performance. Thus, if full advantage is to be taken of the wide range of electronic and optical properties of III-V alloys, a suitable growth platform is highly desirable.
Various attempts have been made to address this problem. For example, thin strained films (i.e., strained materials that have a different lattice constant than the substrate) can be grown up to thicknesses usually not exceeding 10-50 nm. However, devices often need thicker layers on the order of 1-10 micron. For these thicknesses, typical strains of 0.5 to 2% are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to accommodate in the crystal. The strain relaxes and dislocations and defects form that are generally deleterious to the device operation.
Another approach to achieving flexibility in the lattice constant of the "substrate" material is the use of appropriate metamorphic (strain-relaxed) buffer layers in various forms. These metamorphic layers are grown on a commercially available substrate in such a way that they relax to a lattice constant suitable for the epitaxial growth of the desired device structure. Ideally, one can in effect achieve a ternary (or quaternary or more complex) alloy substrate, not by bulk growth techniques, but by epitaxial growth processes. However, previous demonstrations of metamorphic buffer layers are typically on substrates that have a lattice mismatch of not more than 4% with respect to the desired device structure. For example, AlInSb metamorphic buffer layers have been demonstrated on GaSb substrates. However, the buffer layer contacting the GaSb substrate typically is an AlSb layer. The GaSb substrate has a lattice constant of 6.096 angstroms; the AlSb layer has a lattice constant of 6.136 angstroms. This represents a lattice mismatch of only 0.66% between the GaSb substrate and the AlSb layer.
It is generally accepted that it is difficult to change the lattice constant by significantly more than this within a short distance (e.g., typically 1-10 micron of material thickness) if an acceptable dislocation density is desired (e.g., typically below 100 million/cm). Unfortunately, many of the common substrates, including Si, GaAs and InP, will require a change in lattice constant of this magnitude. For example, for an active region that has a lattice constant of 6.1 angstroms, InP, GaAs and Si have lattice mismatches of approximately 3.9%, 7.9% and 12.3%, respectively. In contrast, the lattice constant of GaSb is approximately 6.1 angstroms, yielding only minimal mismatch if any. There is a marked lack of demonstrations of mismatches of more than 4%.
Thus, there is a need for a growth platform that is matched to the larger lattice constant of an active device but based on a smaller lattice constant substrate.

Metamorphic buffer on small lattice constant substrates


Vehicles and methods for providing visual assistance to a driver during low ambient light conditions are provided. The vehicle includes at least one headlight, a visible light detection system configured to output a vision signal, a heads-up display configured to generate one or more images, one or more processors, and one or more non-transitory memory modules communicatively coupled to the one or more processors. The vision signal is indicative of an area illuminated by visible light generated by the at least one headlight. The memory modules store machine-readable instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to receive an object signal representing a three-dimensional representation of an environment located in front of the vehicle.

A heads-up display projects an image onto an interior surface of a vehicle's windshield, and presents information to a driver. More specifically, the heads-up display generates virtual images that convey information pertaining to the operation of the vehicle such as speed, fuel level, directions, and the like. The vehicle information is conventionally displayed on the vehicle's instrument cluster or center console display. As a result, the driver needs to direct his or her gaze away from the road in order to view the vehicle information. In contrast, the heads-up display presents the vehicle information to the driver without the need to divert his or her attention away from the road. Some heads-up displays may also offer night vision capabilities that display various objects located in front of the vehicle during low ambient light conditions (e.g., dusk or at night). However, some limitations still exist with conventional heads-up displays, including those with night vision.
Furthermore, drivers often face many challenges driving at low ambient light conditions without the assistance of night vision. For example, the vehicle's headlights are only capable of projecting light at a limited distance. Thus, the driver may not be able to view any objects in the surrounding environment that are not illuminated by the headlights.

Vehicles and methods for displaying objects located beyond a headlight illumination line


A multi-ported memory that supports multiple read and write accesses is described herein. The multi-ported memory may include a number of read/write ports that is greater than the number of read/write ports of each memory bank of the multi-ported memory. The multi-ported memory allows for at least one read operation and at least one write operation to be received during the same clock cycle. In the event that an incoming write operation is blocked by the at least one read operation, data for that incoming write operation may be stored in a cache included in the multi-port memory. That cache is accessible to both write operations and read operations. In the event than the incoming write operation is not blocked by the at least one read operation, data for that incoming write operation is stored in the memory bank targeted by that incoming write operation.

1. Technical Field
The subject matter described herein relates to memory devices. In particular, the subject matter described herein relates to static random-access memory (SRAM) devices.
2. Description of Related Art
High bandwidth, on-chip memory is required for a wide range of applications, including but not limited to multi-core processors, parallel computing systems, or the like. It would be beneficial if a high bandwidth, on-chip memory could be designed that could concurrently handle two read and two write accesses with low latency.
Single-port (SP) SRAM memory, which supports either one read or one write each clock cycle, is widely used for on-chip memory. Such memory can be extended to support two simultaneous read or write operations by running the internal memory core at twice the clock frequency, herein referred to as pseudo-dual-port (PD) memory. True dual-port memory can be designed to support two read or write operations as well, with less memory density and typically custom design.
4-port register files (RF) exist in the art. Such 4-port RF allows simultaneously two read and two write operations. They are typically custom designed and available only at a small number of bits and are three times worse in area density as compared with single-port (SP) SRAM in a 40 nanometer (nm) General Purpose (40G) manufacturing process.
Dual-pumped dual-port (DDP) memory is another type of customized design currently being used. DDP memory uses internally a dual-port memory, which allows two simultaneous read or write operations, and runs internal memory at twice the clock frequency to allow for four simultaneous read or write operations. DDP memory consumes 70% more area and power as compared with SP and PD memory in a 40G manufacturing process.
The features and advantages of the subject matter of the present application will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which like reference characters identify corresponding elements throughout. In the drawings, like reference numbers generally indicate identical, functionally similar, and/or structurally similar elements. The drawing in which an element first appears is indicated by the leftmost digit(s) in the corresponding reference number.

Multi-ported memory with multiple access support


A process for preparing silyl cyanohydrins that comprises reacting an aldehyde or ketone with a hydrogen cyanide, a trisubstituted halosilane and a correspondingly substituted disilazane or silyl amine.

O-protected cyanohydrins, such as O-trimethylsilyl cyanohydrins, have considerable utility as precursors to biologically important compounds and are useful as acyl anion equivalents in many synthetic transformations.
Several one-pot methods for synthesizing silylated cyanohydrins are known. Rasmussen and Heilmann (Synthesis, Mar. 1978, pp. 219-21) disclose refluxing a carbonyl compound (aldehydes or ketones) with solid potassium cyanide and chlorotrimethylsilane in either acetonitrile or dimethylformamide solvent. Sukata (Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., v.60 n.10, 1987, pp. 3820-22) discloses reacting an aldehyde or a ketone with methylsilylchloride in the presence of a solvent and Amberlite XAD resin that has been impregnated with potassium cyanide or sodium cyanide. Duboudin and co-workers (Synthesis, Mar. 1982, pp. 212-14) disclose mixing chlorotrimethylsilane and potassium cyanide in acetonitrile and in the presence of a catalytic amount of sodium iodide and pyridine. These methods require expensive reagents, cyanide salts, solvents and catalyst adding to the complexity and cost of the cyanosilylation reaction.


A drumstick for use with a musical percussion instrument comprises a wooden body portion having a flexible rod projecting from one end. A nylon sleeve is disposed adjacent the junction of the body and the flexible rod to protect and strengthen the body at this point.

The present invention relates to a drumstick of the type commonly employed in playing percussion instruments such as drums, cymbals and the like.
Drumsticks are usually made of wood because suitable woods are readily available, relatively inexpensive, and easily worked. Further, wooden drumsticks have good handling and acceptable rebound characteristics. However, wooden drumsticks may splinter, chip, crack or break after a relatively short period of normal use. In an effort to overcome the undesirable properties of wooden drumsticks while retaining their desirable characteristics, various non-wood combinations have been proposed for the fabrication of drumsticks. Reference may be had to the U.S. Pat. No. 3,958,485 to Peters and the U.S. Pat. No. 4,040,323 to Kline for disclosures of drumsticks constructed of fiberglass or thermoplastic materials such as nylon. The U.S. Pat. No. 3,722,350 to Cordes discloses a drumstick made of a generally tubular metal member partially covered by a plastic coating or sleeve. The U.S. Pat. to Robba et al., No. 3,146,659, and that to Colyer et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,489,052, disclose the combined use of metal and plastic for providing a drumstick with desired characteristics. Further, U.S. Pat. No. 3,688,013, to Menard and that to Fiedler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,047,460, disclose constructions which incorporate nylon and rubber in a drumstick. Although the disclosures of the above patents presumably provide drumsticks that are free of several of the more common undesirable defects, it is evident that the disclosed methods and constructions differ greatly from the manner in which an improved drumstick is produced according to the present invention, and to the present novel drumstick itself.


A reverse circulation procedure is set forth in which selected shoes are attached to a reverse circulation tool. Debris, junk and other trash accumulating in a well borehole is captured and removed. The circulation delivers fluid flow in the annular space downwardly at the bottom of the tool of the present disclosure which is directed in the vicinity of a shoe affixed to the lower end. Trash or debris is captured by this process. In one instance, the trash is captured in an elongate container below the reverse circulation tool. In another instance, the trash is collected within the tool itself. The tool has a fluid flow path through an inner tube which is selectively perforated and which directs flow upwardly to one or more deflectors to assure that junk or trash does not flow through the tool.

After a well has been drilled and completion is accomplished by cementing a casing string in the well, various operating procedures are performed in the cased well over a period of time. For instance, equipment may be installed in the well to operate in a first state of affairs for a long interval. Nevertheless, as the well ages, the producing formation becomes depleted and it becomes necessary to change, modify or alter the location or nature of the equipment installed in the completed well. Consider as an example a well which passes through two or three different productive formations. If the most productive formation occurs at a relatively shallow horizon, it may be appropriate to pack off that strata with a bridge plug or packer below that formation, perforate casing at that formation, and isolate that formation with a second packer above the formation. The packers are installed in the well by wedging the packers against the casing. Ultimately, should that formation be depleted, it will then be necessary to remove the two packers, plug the various perforations, and direct completion procedures to another formation at a greater depth. Then, it will be necessary to mill out or otherwise remove the two packers. When this is needed, the packers are milled to destroy them. They create substantial debris. The debris from destruction of the packers gets in the way of subsequent procedures.
It is desirable to keep the cased well borehole free of the debris so that subsequent well completion can be accomplished without impediment from the scattered pieces of debris which are collected along the cased well borehole. One way of doing this is to simply drill through the packers and let the debris fall to a great depth in the well. This is acceptable if the well is sufficiently deep. However, there are times when that is not an acceptable process. It may be important to remove the debris. The procedure for accomplishing this is set forth hereinbelow and especially utilizes the reverse circulating tool set forth in the disclosure which is U.S. Pat. No. 5,176,208. That is a device which enables well completion procedures to be carried out with a view of collecting the trash and debris in the tool. However, it requires use of the reverse circulation tool in conjunction with cooperative apparatus so that the correct and varied removal procedures can be implemented. More specifically, the reverse circulation tool of the present disclosure is able to collect debris with cooperative equipment so that the necessary retrieval procedure can be implemented without difficulty.
One approach in the use of this tool involves utilization of an external rubber skirt which isolates fluid flow in the annular space on the exterior of the reverse circulating tool. This external flow cooperates with a burning shoe which cuts metal parts on the interior of the cased well and helps collect that debris or junk in the tool interior. In another aspect, the reverse circulation tool of the present disclosure can be used with a tool supported packoff rubber skirt to divert and assure external fluid flow in the annular space around the tool downwardly and back up through the tool. This can be used with a finger shoe so that debris is also collected and held in the circulating tool of the present disclosure. In another aspect, junk collected in the bottom of a cased well can be collected using an alternate type shoe fitted at the lower end of the reverse circulating tool. This is particularly able to be used to remove debris from the well borehole. In addition, it can be used adjacent to perforations through the casing so that the casing adjacent the perforations can be washed. This will typically remove some of the trash and other debris in the perforations to a certain depth. Other procedures can also be implemented as set forth hereinbelow for the primary purpose of removing the junk that is collected in the well after destruction of items in the cased well.

Methods of using reverse circulating tool in a well borehole


A biological signal processor includes a sensor unit 2 that is usable with a mattress, measures biological displacement of a subject on the mattress, and outputs a measurement signal indicative of a measurement result, a signal processing unit 7 that amplifies the measurement signal with a plurality of different gains and outputs respective output signals, an AD converting unit 8 that performs AD conversion on the respective output signals to obtain level values and outputs the respective level values, and a determining unit 90 that determines that the sensor unit 2 is in an abnormal condition in case where a variation measure indicative of variation degree in level value corresponding to an output signal amplified with a minimum gain among the respective level values is equal to or less than a predetermined value.

In recent years, a biological signal processor that processes a signal based on subject's biological displacement (such as a respiration, a heartbeat, a pulse, and a body motion) has been proposed. The biological signal processor is, for example, applied to a sleep state measuring apparatus that measures a subject's sleep state. In the sleep state measuring apparatus, although starting the measurement of the sleep state requires a start command to the apparatus, a problem arises in that since sleeping is everyday behavior, the subject tends to forget the command operation (such as switch operation). When the biological signal processor is used, without any special operation on the sleep state measuring apparatus by the subject, it is possible to determine that the subject is in bed thereby performing a sleep state measurement. For example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-259745 discloses a technique in which a mat-type sensor installed under bedding is used so as to acquire a signal based on biological displacement such as a body motion, a respiration, and a heartbeat from an output of the sensor. The mat-type sensor is a sensor that uses air or water for detecting internal pressure variation of the mattress.


A light collection system for projectors, such as light valve projectors, has a compound reflector associated with an arc lamp. The compound reflector includes an ellipsoidal reflector positioned to collect a portion of the light from the arc lamp and reflect a direct image of the light in a beam to an image forming plane of the projector and a spherical reflector positioned to collect another portion of the light from the arc lamp and reflect it back through the gap of the arc lamp to the ellipsoidal reflector to be reflected as a secondary image of the light from the lamp in the beam. The ellipsoidal and spherical reflectors are formed as full, uninterrupted surfaces of revolution. To provide uniform light distribution, the beam is directed through a pair of spaced lens plates, each having corresponding arrays, in rows and columns, of rectangular lenticules. The adjacent focus of the ellipsoidal reflector is centered in the arc, while the center of curvature of the spherical reflector, in order to avoid transmission loss through the arc, is displaced to a portion of the gap of the lamp which is relatively free of the arc. For maximum light efficiency, the direct image is focused just to one side, and the secondary image is focused just to the other side of the image forming plane.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to improvements in light collection systems providing light beams for projectors, such as light valve projectors.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Typical prior art color projection systems of the light valve type, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,290,436, W. E. Good et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 3,325,592, W. E. Good et al., both assigned to the assignee of the present invention, include a light collection system having an arc lamp located at the adjacent focus of a simple ellipsoidal reflector. A light beam is reflected from the ellipsoidal reflector through a pair of spaced lens plates having corresponding pluralities of rectangular lenticules stacked into horizontal rows and vertical columns. The second lens plate carries the input light mask of a schlieren optical system, which also includes a light modulating medium and a light output mask, for directing an image onto a viewing screen. With this arrangement, efficient utilization is made of light from the arc lamp, and uniform distribution of light is produced on the light modulating medium.
Present color light valve projectors of this type produce about 250 to 300 screen lumens white light output. There is, however, a need for higher lumen output for many applications. While the use of a more powerful lamp will obviously provide greater light output, lamps rated at 1,000 watts have been found to be a practical limit. Lamps with higher ratings draw too much current for a convenient 20 amp. circuit. The reflector is desirably a "cold" mirror to minimize infrared reflection. If the power of the lamp is too high, the reflector will become overheated and the reflecting surface may be damaged. Lamps of higher rating require larger envelopes which begin to interfere with the light collection efficiency of the reflector unless a reflector of greater size is employed. Also, as the rating of the lamp is increased, the size of the arc and its image increase. If the image becomes too large, it will no longer fit through the slots of the schlieren system and some of the light will be wasted by illuminating the bars between the slots. It is therefore necessary to devise a system which more efficiently utilizes the light output of the lamp.
To this end, attempts to improve light collection from simple, single reflector collection systems have not been fruitful. An increase in the collected flux is possible when the collection angles are symmetrical about the 90.degree. point of the arc lamp emission; a maximum collection angle of about .+-.31.degree. about the 90.degree. point may be attained. Although this is slightly better than the present single reflector design, it is not a meaningful improvement because the flux density variation is worse in that a hot spot is created at the center of the image.
The use of compound reflectors has also been suggested in the past for improving light collection efficiency in apparatus for projecting pictures from transparencies. In U.S. Pat. No 3,078,760, P. J. Brownscombe, improved light collection efficiency is achieved with the use of a reflecting hemisphere concentric with the axis of the arc lamp for collecting the lower half of the lamp emitting radiation and reflecting it back through the arc of the lamp to a main ellipsoidal reflector and auxilliary ellipsoidal reflectors. In order to maintain uniform light distribution in the rectangular light field needed in the projector, Brownscombe found it necessary to truncate opposite sides of the main ellipsoidal reflector, place the auxilliary ellipsoidal reflectors in the truncated areas outside the main reflector, and provide additional semi-elliptical flat mirrors in a chevron-like array below the lamp to receive the image reflected from the auxilliary reflectors. Needless to say, this arrangement is unduly complex.


A drive assembly for a slide-out room of a recreational vehicle includes a drive train with a drive gear and an output gear. An electric motor is connected to the drive gear. A drive shaft is slidably received through a center hole in the output gear so as to be longitudinally movable relative to the output gear. A clutch operates to engage the drive shaft with the output gear as the drive shaft is moved in a first direction and to disengage the drive shaft from said output gear as the drive shaft is moved in a second direction. A drive member connected to a first end of the drive shaft is engageable with a room actuation mechanism, and a crank handle is removably connectable to a second end of the drive shaft.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a releasable drive used to power a room actuating mechanism which extends and retracts a slide-out room of a recreational vehicle.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recreational vehicles often include a slide-out room which is movable between extended and retracted positions. The slide-out room remains retracted during transit of the vehicle and is extended when the vehicle is parked to increase the usable floor space within the vehicle. Movement of the slide-out room is usually accomplished by an electric motor acting through a gear drive. The gear drive is often provided with a manual back-up, such as a crank handle, which can be used to retract or extend the room in case of loss of electric power or other failure of the electric motor.
A problem with current gear drives is that the electric motor remains engaged with the gear drive when the manual back-up is being employed. Therefore, as an operator turns the crank handle, the motor is also being turned. The motor thus provides resistance to the operation of the manual back-up which makes it more difficult for the operator to turn the crank handle.
Another problem with current gear drives occurs if the internal geartrain of the gear drive becomes damaged, such as if teeth are sheared off of one of the gears. Under these circumstances, it may become impossible to move the slide-out room using either the motor or the manual back-up. This can present a particularly awkward problem if the room is extended and the vehicle must be removed.
What is needed is a release mechanism for a gear drive which allows the operator to disconnect the motor and the internal geartrain of the drive when the manual back-up is being used. This will make the crank handle easier to turn under all operating conditions, and will allow the manual back-up to operate even if the geartrain becomes damaged.
The present invention comprises a drive assembly for a slide-out room of a recreational vehicle. The drive includes a gearbox containing a drive train with at least a drive gear and an output gear. An electric motor is connected to the drive gear. The output gear has a center hole formed therethrough which receives a drive shaft. The drive shaft is movable relative to the output gear in opposed first and second longitudinal directions. A drive member connected to a first end of the drive shaft is engageable with a room actuation mechanism and a second end of the drive shaft is engageable by a crank handle for manual operation of the room actuation mechanism.
A clutch connected to the drive shaft is operable to engage the drive shaft with the output gear as the drive shaft is moved in the first longitudinal direction and disengage the drive shaft from the output gear as the drive shaft is moved in the second longitudinal direction. The clutch may comprise a pin extending radially outward from the drive shaft acting in cooperation with a notch formed in a face of the output gear so as to extend radially outward from the center hole. The pin is receivable within the notch to engage the drive shaft with the output gear.
Three embodiments of the invention are disclosed, each of which includes a shift mechanism for selectively moving the drive shaft between an engaged position wherein the drive shaft is engaged with the output gear and a disengaged position wherein the drive shaft is disengaged from the output gear.
In the first embodiment, the shift mechanism includes a washer fixedly attached to the drive shaft so as to extend radially outward therefrom and a spring biasing the drive shaft in the second longitudinal direction. A shift block is slidably mounted adjacent the drive shaft and includes a transverse groove which receives a portion of the washer. A jack screw connected to the shift block is operable to selectively move the shift block in the first and second longitudinal directions. By turning the jack screw in a first rotational direction, an operator can causes an edge of the groove to engage the washer and move the drive shaft in the first longitudinal direction against the bias of the spring, thereby causing the pin in the drive shaft to disengage from the output gear. Conversely, by turning the jack screw in a second rotational direction opposite the first rotational direction, the operator can allow the spring to urge the drive shaft in the second longitudinal direction, thereby causing the pin to re-engage the output gear.
The second embodiment of the invention also includes a washer fixedly attached to the drive shaft so as to extend radially outward therefrom. A shift lever is mounted adjacent the drive shaft for pivotal movement about its proximate end. An opening having opposed, inwardly curved, edges is formed in the shift lever. The opening receives a portion of the washer. Pivoting the shaft lever in a first direction moves the drive shaft in the first longitudinal direction causing the pin in the drive shaft to disengage from the output gear. Pivoting the shift lever in a second direction opposite the first direction moves the drive shaft in the second longitudinal direction causing the pin to re-engage with the output gear. The device further includes a latch plate having a first notch and a second notch, the first notch engages a portion of the shift lever when the drive shaft is in the engaged position and the second notch engaging a portion of the shift lever when the drive shaft in the disengaged position.
In the third embodiment, the shift mechanism includes a washer fixedly attached to the drive shaft so as to extend radially outward therefrom and a spring biasing the drive shaft in the second longitudinal direction. A shift block is slidably mounted adjacent the drive shaft and includes a bore which slidably receives the drive shaft. A threaded rod connected to the shift block is engaged by a nut operable to selectively move the shift in the first and second longitudinal directions. By turning the nut in a first rotational direction, an operator can causes an edge of the shift block to engage the washer and move the drive shaft in the first longitudinal direction against the bias of the spring, thereby causing the pin in the drive shaft to disengage from the output gear. Conversely, by turning the nut in a second rotational direction opposite the first rotational direction, the operator can allow the spring to urge the drive shaft in the second longitudinal direction, thereby causing the pin to re-engage the output gear.

Releasable drive for a slide-out room of a recreational vehicle


A supersonic sound emitting device consisting of a power source, a supersonic wave signal generator supplied with a power from the power source and for generating a supersonic wave signal and a supersonic sound emitter supplied with the supersonic wave signal from the supersonic wave signal generator and for emitting a supersonic sound, wherein the power source has a solar battery, a secondary battery charged by the solar battery, and an on-off switcher for making the secondary battery on and off.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a supersonic sound emission device and, more particularly, to a supersonic sound emission device that prevents birds or other animals species from causing damage.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Various means are in existence, which prevent birds and similar animals from causing direct or indirect damage to humans and other animals and property. Unattended prevention methods against damage caused by the bird species such as sparrows, crows, or pigeons have been known. Such devices as "scarecrows" drive away the birds and are placed in scattered installations in rice patties or the like. There are other ways to drive off the birds such as the mounting of multiple "wooden clappers", which generate a noise by wind movement. It is also noted that drive-off devices using large explosive sounds such as those made by firecrackers are in existence.
An unpleasant sanitation problem results from the droppings of pigeons, which form their nests under house eaves. In order to prevent this problem, the inhabitants have hung, about their homes, paper blankets or the like, which contain drawings such as a "huge eye".
Another problem has arisen from the proliferation of power cables. An increase of accidents have been caused by the birds' alighting on the power cables.
The effectiveness of the conventional "scarecrow" or "huge eye" devices depend upon appeal to the birds' vision or to their sense of hearing in order to generate sufficient impression signifying vigilance or terror. Thus, with such devices, the birds are prevented from even approaching such locations.
However, none of these means present a complete solution, while some cannot even be practiced due to site location. Accordingly, the provision of effective means that do not require special conditions for adaptation to various locations and which can be easily installed have been long awaited.
It is an easy task to present a unit that merely emits supersonic sounds. However, there are various problems in order to present an effective dispersing device for birds.
First, there is the problem of power source for the device. Power supply from a commercial electric power source may be considered, but it carries the limitation that the commercial electric power source must first exist in the vicinity. When the situs of the device is near a house, it is no problem, but when the device is far from any commercial electrical power source, a long cable becomes necessary. This is not only troublesome but is also dangerous. On the other, should batteries be used, the continuous cost to replace the batteries is expensive, and even in the case where rechargeable secondary batteries are used, frequent charging requires excessive care and cost.


A new non-contacting, edge-coupled micromechanical device and method, requiring no contact between the mirror or underlying yoke and landing pads on the substrate. Elimination of physical contact eliminates the problem of xe2x80x9cstickingxe2x80x9d mirrors found in conventional devices, and simplifies the manufacturing process by reducing the requirements for passivation coatings and hermetic packages. A capture electrode 24 is provided at an appropriate elevation above the surface of the device so as to be in close proximity with the edge of the mirror 20 or yoke 22 when it rotates to the desired angle. The capture electrode 24 and mirror assembly are biased to establish a very high electrostatic attraction between the two which stops the mirror. The mirror can be critically damped to prevent oscillations of the mirrors by tailoring at least one of the voltages applied to the mirror and capture electrode.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to spatial light modulators and more specifically to a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) spatial light modulator utilizing a new noncontacting, edge-coupled hidden hinge geometry.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 1 shows a conventional hidden hinge Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) broken into it""s three metal layers of construction, all of which is built on top of a rather standard SRAM memory cell. FIG. 1a shows the first metal layer 200 above the memory cell which consists of yoke address pads 1, a bias/reset bus 2, landing sites 3, and via connections 13 to the SRAM memory cell below (not shown). FIG. 1b shows the second layer 300 of metal structures consisting of the mirror address electrodes 4, electrode support posts 5, torsion hinge 6, hinge support posts 7, yoke 8, and the yoke landing tips 9. This second metal layer 300 assembly sits on top of the first metal layer 200, being supported by means of the electrode support posts 5 and hinge support post 7. Finally, FIG. 1c shows the third layer of metal 400 that consists of the highly reflective mirror 10 and it""s support post 11. As before, the mirror assembly 400 sits on top of the second metal layer 300, being supported by the mirror support post 11 sitting in the middle of the yoke 8. In operation, a bias voltage is applied to the bias/reset bus 2 that is integral to the yoke assembly 8 by means of the hinge support posts 7. The yoke address pads 1 and mirror address electrodes 4 are then pulsed to establish an electric field between the address pads and the mirror assembly that generates an electrostatic force causing the yoke/mirror assembly to tilt in one direction or the other depending on the binary state of the underlying memory cell. As illustrated, although the yoke and mirror assemblies rotate together, electrostatic forces are established in two areas 12 (shown as cross hatched areas); i.e., between the yoke address pad 1 on the first level and the yoke 8 on the second level, as well as between the mirror address electrodes 4 on the second level and the mirror 10 on the third level. The yoke 8 rotates until its two landing tips 9 contacts the landing sites 3 on the lower metal layer 200. The angle of rotation is a function of the yoke geometry and the height of the second metal 300 layer above the lower metal layer 200. The long, thin, narrow torsion hinges 6, which supports the yoke 8 and mirror 10 from the hinge support posts 7, have a torque applied to them allowing the thicker yoke 8 to remain flat. Finally, a reset pulse can be applied to the bias/reset bus 2 to lift off and free the mirror/yoke assembly from the landing sites 3.
FIG. 2 shows a three-dimensional build-up of a conventional DMD""s four layers, including the SRAM memory, which was mentioned above. These consist of the CMOS SRAM memory layer 100, the address and landing pad layer 200, the yoke and hinge layer 300, and the mirror layer 400. It can be seen from the figure that this conventional DMD device is symmetrical about a diagonal axis running parallel with the hinge, so that in operation the mirror assembly will tilt in the positive or negative direction depending on the binary state (xe2x80x9c0xe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9c1xe2x80x9d) of the SRAM memory cell 14. The geometry of a typical DMD is such that the mirror will tilt on the order of xc2x1100.
FIG. 3 is a 3-D cutaway view of an array of conventional hidden hinge DMD pixels showing three of the mirrors and the underlying structure for other pixels. Included in the view are the following: yoke address pad 1, bias/reset bus 2, yoke landing sites 3, mirror address electrode 4, electrode support post 5, torsion hinge 6, hinge support posts 7, yoke 8, yoke landing tips 9, reflective mirror 10, mirror support post 11, vias 13 to SRAM memory cell 14. The square mirrors tilt on the order of xc2x110xc2x0 and are highly reflective to visual light in the color spectrum from 400 to 650 nanometers. The gaps between the mirrors are typically  less than 1 micron in width.
FIG. 4 illustrates two DMD cells, with their mirrors 10 shown transparent so as to expose a view of the underlying structure. One mirror is shown rotated xe2x88x9210xc2x0 and the other is shown rotated +10xc2x0, representing a xe2x80x9c0xe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9c1xe2x80x9d binary state, respectively in the underlying memory cells 14. This figure clearly shows how the yoke 8, with attached mirror 10, rotates on the torsion hinge 6 until the yoke landing tips 9 come in contact (lands) with the underlying landing pad sites 3. It is this mechanical contact between the yoke landing tips 9 and the landing pad sites 3 that is of particular relevance to this invention. A problem with conventional DMD""s is that of xe2x80x9csticking mirrorsxe2x80x9d, where the landing tips are slow in lifting off the pad, effecting the response of the device, or in some cases become permanently stuck to the landing pads. There appear to be several sources of this sticking problem, some of which include moisture in the package, landing tips scrubbing into the metal landing pads, and outgassing of the epoxy sealants used in the manufacturing process for mounting the devices in their packages and mounting the optical glass cover on the packages. This xe2x80x9cstickingxe2x80x9d problem has been addressed by applying a lubrication or passivation layer to the metal surfaces to make them xe2x80x9cslickxe2x80x9d and also through the use of resonant reset methods to pump energy into the pixel to help break it free from the constraining surface contact. More recently, xe2x80x9cspring-tipsxe2x80x9d have been added to the tips of the mirrors to help overcome this sticking problem. In addition, gettering material is often added to absorb moisture within the package. Although quite effective, these solutions still have the concern of long-term degradation of the passivant, which could drive the technology to a requirement for hermetic packages and complex process steps prior to window attachment. This would add additional expense, complexity, and difficulty in delivering the product.
It is therefore desirable to implement a DMD that will rotate reliably and predictably to a given angle, consistent across the length of the device or an array of pixels, without physically contacting the memory substrate surface below and as a result to avoid all the difficulties of breaking that contact. Eliminating the stiction problem would allow more predictable performance of the mirror array, and eliminate the most frequent cause of device failure; i.e., stuck bright mirrors. The lack of contact would also provide more immunity to particulates on the first electrode level, allow special dark metal light absorbing layers, and enable the use of conventional CMOS electrical passivation layers like SiO2. The invention disclosed herein addresses this need.
Representative prior conventional structures of the general type are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,535,047 to Hornbeck, and in publications (1) xe2x80x9cDigital Light Processing(trademark) for High-Brightness, High-Resolution Applications,xe2x80x9d by Larry J. Hornbeck, Electronic Imaging, EI""97, Projection Displays III, Co-Sponsored by ISandT and SPIE, Feb. 10-12 1997, san Jose, Calif., and (2) xe2x80x9cDigital Light Processing and MEMS: Timely Convergence for a Bright Future,xe2x80x9d Larry J. Hornbeck, Micromachining and Microfabrication ""95, Part of SPIE""s Thematic Applied Science and Engineering Series, Oct. 23-24 1995, Austin, Tex.
A new DMD device and method for non-contacting edge-coupled hidden hinge geometry is disclosed. This approach requires no physical contact between the mirror or underlying yoke and landing pads at the surface of the CMOS substrate. As a result, this eliminates the problem of xe2x80x9cstickingxe2x80x9d mirrors in conventional devices and significantly reduces the requirements for delicate passivation coatings and costly hermetic packages.
This method uses a more or less conventional DMD structure which still maintains digital operation, but one which has been modified to operate about either an orthogonal or diagonal axis, to deflect the pixel into the vicinity of the desired rotation position and then capture it with an edge coupled capacitive electrostatic force which latches the DMD mirror at the desired angle of rotation.
As with conventional DMD""s, the rotation angle is simply determined by the thickness of the organic layers used to build up the DMD superstructure. During fabrication of the device, a capture (positioning) electrode will be provided at an appropriate elevation above the surface of the device so as to be in close proximity with the continuous edge of the rotating mirror or yoke when it rotates into the region of the desired angle. This stop electrode is pulsed such as to establish a very high electrostatic attraction with the mirror assembly as it comes into the plane of the capture electrode. By tailoring the capture electrode pulse waveform, the mirror can be critically damped to provide stable operation and to prevent oscillations of the DMD mirrors about the desired angle of rotation.
This approach:
eliminates sticking due to contacting or landed DMD pixel architectures,
eliminates the need for passifying landing surface during manufacturing steps,
eliminates long term degradation due to landing surface contact and/or passivation degradation,
eliminates moisture sensitivity and therefore the need for hermetic packages, and
provides a fixed rotation angle through electrostatic capture, rather than a physical mechanical stop to determine rotational angle,
provides uniform release characteristic of mirrors upon release and return to flat state, and
enables a xe2x80x9cfast clearxe2x80x9d function where all mirrors can be sent to flat state by a single voltage change.

Micromechanical device and method for non-contacting edge-coupled operation


A frequency-characteristic-acquisition device that inputs a time-stretched-pulse signal to a system to be measured and that acquires information about a frequency characteristic of the system on the basis of a signal output from the system is provided. The frequency-characteristic-acquisition device includes a control unit which performs control so that the time-stretched-pulse signal is expanded in a time-axis direction and output to the system, and an acquisition unit that analyzes the signal output from the system and that acquires the frequency-characteristic information.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a frequency-characteristic-acquisition device and a method used therefor, where the frequency-characteristic-acquisition device acquires information about the frequency characteristic of a sound signal that is output from a speaker and that is transmitted to a microphone on the basis of a result of collecting a test signal by using the microphone. The present invention further relates to a sound-signal-processing device having the function of acquiring the frequency-characteristic information.
2. Description of the Related Art
Hitherto, in audio systems or the like reproducing and/or outputting an audio signal, a test signal such as a time-stretched-pulse (TSP) signal or the like is output from a speaker and collected by using a separately provided microphone. Further, information about the frequency characteristic of a sound signal output from the audio system is acquired on the basis of a result of collecting the test signal by using the microphone, and the frequency characteristic is analyzed.
More specifically, the TSP signal that is output from the speaker and collected by the microphone is subjected to Fourier-transform processing such as fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) processing, and the frequency-characteristic information is acquired. Then, a gain characteristic, a phase characteristic, and so forth are calculated on the basis of a result of the frequency-characteristic acquisition.
In the past, the frequency-characteristic information was acquired according to the following method. Namely, the sampling rate (an operation frequency) of a reproduction device which reproduces and/or outputs the TSP signal is determined to be Fs, and the number of samples subjected to the FFT processing (the number of samples of the TSP signal) is determined to be n. The TSP signal includes signals generated in the range of from 0 to Fs/2 Hz, where gains of the signals generated at each of intervals of Fs/n Hz are the same as one another.
For example, where the sampling rate is shown by the equation Fs=44.1 kHz and the sample number n is shown by the equation n=4096, the TSP signal includes signals generated in the frequency range of from 0 to 22.05 (44.12) kHz, where gains of the signals generated at each of intervals of about 10.8 (44100/4096) Hz are the same as one another.
When the above-described TSP signal is obtained, for example, it becomes possible to analyze the frequency characteristic of each of frequency bands included in the range of from 0 to 22.05 kHz at intervals of about 10.8 Hz.
Known technologies relating to the present invention are disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-097763 and Japanese Unexamined patent Application Publication No. 04-295727, for example.

Frequency-characteristic-acquisition device, frequency-characteristic-acquisition method, and sound-signal-processing device


A radar system is provided. The system includes a radar transceiving device equipped in a movable body and for transmitting an electromagnetic wave at a first frequency, and a transponder device arranged in a beacon and for transmitting a response wave upon receiving the electromagnetic wave. The transponder device includes a response wave transmitting module for transmitting, when a radar classification of the radar transceiving device is a solid-state radar, a response wave at a second frequency different from the first frequency in response to receiving the transmitted electromagnetic wave. The radar transceiving device includes a transmitting module for transmitting the electromagnetic wave, a receiving module for receiving a radar echo at the first frequency and the response wave at the second frequency, and a display controlling module for displaying, on a predetermined radar display unit, locations of the beacon and another movable body existing around the movable body.

Conventionally, surface ships are required to accurately acquire locations of the ship and other ships when traveling on major routes close to narrow water channels or land (or shore). Therefore, radar transceivers are equipped in the ships, while route buoys containing radar beacons (hereinafter, referred to as "the racon") are distributed over the major routes.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a conventional radar system. As shown in FIG. 11, the radar transceiver transmits a radar wave around the ship, and receives and processes a radar reflection wave (hereinafter, referred to as "the radar echo") which is produced by the radar wave reflecting on land and/or another ship. The radar transceiver receives and processes a racon response wave which is transmitted from the racon at the same frequency as the radar wave received by the racon. Then, the radar transceiver controls, using the received racon response waves and radar echoes, to display lands, other ships, and racons on a PPI (Plan Position Indicator) screen, centering the location of the ship, as shown in FIG. 12A. JP1992-0361188A discloses one technology relevant to the above display control.
In JP04-361188A, a radar operator views the PPI screen to find out locations of the route buoys amongst other ships displayed on the PPI screen, thereby the operator can find out the location of his/her ship even in a congested ocean space.
Here, it is common to use a radar transceiver which adopted a magnetron radar. The radar transceiver transmits a radar wave at a transmission frequency determined by a magnetron oscillator. The racon which received the radar wave transmits a racon response wave at the same frequency as this radar wave, where the racon response wave is produced by modulating (compressing) a pulse for identifying a racon located in the same ocean space (hereinafter, referred to as "the identification pulse"). Thus, the radar transceiver can receive and process without discriminating between the radar echo and the racon response wave, and can display a Morse-type code indicating the racon (hereinafter, referred to as "the Morse code") as well as land(s) and other ship(s) on the PPI screen.
In the meantime, if the above radar transceiver adopts a pulse compression radar and not the magnetron radar, the radar transceiver applies the pulse compression also to the identification pulse contained in the racon response wave. For this reason, the displayed Morse code indicating the racon is elongated in distance directions on the PPI screen, causing a problem that the Morse code is collapsed.
Specifically, the pulse compression radar transmits the radar wave containing a transmission pulse of a long time width (several microseconds to tens of microseconds) compared to the magnetron radar, and applies, to the received signal, matched filter processing (hereinafter, referred to as "the MF processing") corresponding to the transmission pulse. Thus, the pulse width can be compressed and a signal to noise (S/N) ratio can be improved.
In this case, the radar transceiver which adopted the pulse compression radar applies the MF processing to the identification pulse contained in the racon response wave. However, since the racon response wave is a sine wave with a single frequency of which a frequency is not modulated, if the MF processing is applied to the identification pulse, the identification pulse is not pulse-compressed. Therefore, the Morse code displayed on the PPI screen is adversely elongated in the distance directions (both in a shorter distance direction and a longer distance direction), resulting in the Morse code being collapsed (see FIG. 12B).
If the Morse code is elongated in the shorter distance direction, the radar operator misrecognizes that a racon exists at an end of the displayed Morse code on the shorter distance side, and he/she misidentifies the location of the racon. In addition, another problem that other ship(s) which should originally be visible by the radar operator are hidden by the Morse code may be caused due to the elongation and collapse of the Morse code.
Therefore, when the radar transceiver adopts the pulse compression radar, it is very important to control an appropriate display of other ships and the racons on the PPI screen. The same can be said when adopting a solid-state radar other than the pulse compression radar, or when applying the above technology to transponder devices other than racons.

Radar system, transponder device, method for radar processing and computer readable media