Methods and systems are provided for a turbocharger. In one example, the turbocharger comprises a turbine rotor mounted on a shaft and supported within a turbocharger housing; an oil seal arranged within the turbocharger housing; and a heat shield located adjacent to the oil seal within the turbocharger housing, the heat shield having an aperture through which the shaft extends, wherein the heat shield is configured to substantially maintain the position of the oil seal in the event of failure of the turbocharger.

Modern internal combustion engines, both petrol and diesel use turbochargers to improve performance. A turbocharger consists of a compressor powered by a turbine which is driven by the exhaust gas from the engine. A shaft connects the turbine to the compressor and oil is used to lubricate the bearings that hold the shaft.
The turbine rotor may comprise a radial shape where the exhaust gas enters flow passages defined by the turbine rotor at 90 degrees, e.g. perpendicular, to the shaft axis. To improve performance, the inlet of a turbine may be reconfigured to receive a flow with a component perpendicular to the shaft axis and a component parallel to the shaft axis. These turbines are called mixed flow radial/axial turbines. For mixed flow turbines, the diameters of the turbine rotor at the inlet and outlet are often more similar in size, compared with radial inlet designs, in which the intake part of the wheel can be considerably bigger than the outlet part. As a result, mixed flow turbines can be created with a smaller outer diameter.
A consequence of the radial shape is that, in the rare circumstance that a turbocharger shaft degrades, the turbine rotor could be able to pass through the exit hole for exhaust to flow out of the turbine housing. If such a degradation occurs, the turbine rotor is no longer able to prevent an oil seal of the turbocharger from being breached and possibly escaping into the turbine housing. If the oil seal is breached, this could allow oil from the turbocharger bearings to flow out of the turbocharger into the hot exhaust system.
In one example, the issues described above may be addressed by a turbocharger comprising a turbine rotor mounted on a shaft and supported within a turbocharger housing, an oil seal arranged on the shaft to seal the shaft within a bearing housing, and a heat shield located between the oil seal and the turbine rotor within the turbocharger housing, the heat shield having an aperture through which the shaft extends, wherein the shaft comprises a groove into which the heat shield extends, and where the shaft is provided with a shoulder between the oil seal and the heat shield, the shoulder shaping an axial end wall of the groove, the heat shield is sized to engage the shoulder and limit the movement of the shaft and oil seal. In this way, the heat shield may prevent the oil seal from moving out of a position that allows it to seal oil in the bearing housing in the event that the shaft degrades
At least a portion of the heat shield may have a radius less than an outer radius of the oil seal. For example, a diameter of the aperture may be smaller than an outside diameter of the oil seal. The diameter of the aperture may be smaller than the diameter of the shaft at the oil seal.
The shaft may comprise a groove into which the heat shield extends. The groove may comprise a recessed portion of the shaft having a diameter less than an adjacent portion of the shaft, e.g. on which the oil seal is provided. The groove may be provided between the oil seal and the turbine rotor. At least a portion of the heat shield may be axial aligned with the groove.
The axial distance between the heat shield and an axial end wall of the groove closest to the oil seal may be smaller than a distance between the axial end wall of the groove and the axial surface of the oil seal furthest from the heat shield.
The axial distance between the heat shield and an axial end wall of the groove closest to the oil seal may be smaller than a distance between an axial end face of the turbocharger housing and the oil seal.
The clearance between the heat shield and the adjacent end face of the turbocharger housing may be less that the axial thickness of the oil seal.
The shaft may be supported by at least one bearing arranged on an opposite side of the oil seal to the turbine rotor.
The oil seal may be arranged between the shaft and housing at a location along the shaft between the bearing and the heat shield.
The turbine may be a mixed flow turbine, e.g. configured such that the inlet flow to the turbine rotor has components in directions perpendicular to and parallel with the axis of rotation of the turbine rotor.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for assembling the turbocharger described above, the method comprising: assembling the heat shield loosely onto the shaft; coupling the turbine rotor to the shaft; installing the shaft into the turbocharger housing; coupling the heat shield to the turbocharger housing or a further housing of the turbocharger.
The step of assembling the heat shield onto the shaft may be performed before the turbine rotor is coupled to the shaft.
To avoid unnecessary duplication of effort and repetition of text in the specification, certain features are described in relation to only one or several aspects or embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it is to be understood that, where it is technically possible, features described in relation to any aspect or embodiment of the present disclosure may also be used with any other aspect or embodiment of the present disclosure.
It should be understood that the summary above is provided to introduce in simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described in the detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is defined uniquely by the claims that follow the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure.


A door latch system for an automotive vehicle includes a latch having a housing mounted to a door inner panel and a release lever operated by a release rod connected to a handle. An impact-responsive release lever immobilizer mounted within the door is responsive to deformation of the door in the event of an impact such that the release lever will be blocked and prevented from moving to its unlatched position.

Automotive door latch systems typically use an actuation system in which a rod extends from a handle, mounted on either the outside or the inside of the door, to the latch, which allows manual unlatching of the latch so as to permit opening of the door. Undesirable unlatching may occur, however, during the event of a collision impact upon a vehicle door, if either the latch operating rod or the latch release lever is moved to the unlatched position during deformation of an outer portion of the door. Automotive designers have attempted to prevent unwanted latching in the event of an impact against a door by means of a structural cage imposed between the latch release lever or latch control rod and the outer panel of the door. In order to be effective, such protective cages must be very rigid and consequently excessive in both weight and expense. A system according to the present invention achieves the result of resisting undesired unlatching during a collision impact, but without the need for a rigid, expensive cage constructed about the latch operating rod and lever.

Door latch system for automotive vehicle


In one aspect of the invention, an attack tool is disclosed which has a wear-resistant base suitable for attachment to a driving mechanism, a first cemented metal carbide segment brazed to the base at a first interface, and a second metal carbide segment brazed to the first carbide segment at a second interface opposite the base. The attack tool also having a braze material disposed in the second interface with 30 to 62 weight percent of palladium.

Formation degradation, such as asphalt milling, mining, or excavating, may result in wear on attack tools. Consequently, many efforts have been made to extend the life of these tools. Examples of such efforts are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,944,559 to Sionnet et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,071 to Andersson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,417,475 to Graham et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,051,079 to Andersson et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 4,725,098 to Beach, all of which are herein incorporated by reference for all that they disclose.


A microlaser is described which is electrostatically tunable. One of the reflectors includes at least one reflecting part whose distance from the other reflector can be adjusted to change the effective optical distance between the reflectors and thus tune the optical frequency at which lasing occurs. The disclosure brings out that the inventive aspect is also applicable to other optical devices having reflectors defining a Fabry-Perot cavity. An optical interconnecting scheme for processors using the microlaser is also described.

The present invention relates to optical devices and, more particularly, to a tunable microlaser and other monolithically integrated Fabry-Perot cavity optical devices, as well as an optical interconnect for processors.
The advent of microlasers (sometimes referred to in the art as vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers) has been met with much excitement. A microlaser is many orders of magnitude smaller than a conventional diode laser. This miniaturization of the lasing phenomena is important in its own right, as well as providing other advantages. Moreover, microlasers and other Fabry-Perot cavity devices are fabricated by relatively well known techniques, the same techniques used to fabricate integrated circuitry. The article entitled "Microlasers" appearing on page 86 et seq. of the November 1991 issue of Scientific American provides a good overview of microlasers and such article is incorporated herein by reference.
One difficulty with microlasers is that they are relatively inflexible. That is, they typically emit only one optical frequency of optical radiation. (The term "optical radiation", as used herein, means electromagnetic radiation in the visible wavelength spectrum and in other adjacent wavelength spectrums--typically radiation having a wavelength in the range of between 10 and 15,000 nm.) In this connection, a microlaser is a type of semiconductor laser. Many semiconductors exhibit optical gain when adequate electrical or optical stimulation is provided. This gain region can be quite broad in energy or wavelength, and displays a maximum that depends on the strength of the external stimulation and the nature of the semiconductor. A conventional waveguide semiconductor laser consists of a relatively long Fabry-Perot cavity with mirrors spaced on the order of 200 .mu.m apart. For such a long cavity, the Fabry-Perot resonances are closely spaced in wavelength, and, in the simplest case, the lasing wavelength of the device occurs at the resonance wavelength with the maximum gain. Such a device can be tuned to different wavelengths by adjusting the temperature of the semiconductor, since the maximum gain shifts in wavelength as the temperature changes. This method has a very limited tuning range, and the tuning time is on the order of seconds.
An alternative method of tuning conventional semiconductor lasers is to fabricate distributed mirrors at the ends of the waveguide. These mirrors are only reflective at a narrow range of wavelengths that depends on the spacings in the distributed mirror. Lasing occurs at the Fabry-Perot mode where the reflectivity is highest in the mirrors. The effective spacing (effective optical distance) between the mirrors and therefore the lasing wavelength can be changed in such a structure by modulating the refractive index in the distributed mirror regions. This can be accomplished by non-linear optical effects, such as carrier induced index modulation. Generally, such methods cause heating and parasitic frequency changes. Since non-linear optical effects tend to be very weak, and they limit the tuning range of such devices to less than about 10 nm in wavelength.
In contrast to the above, the Fabry-Perot cavity of a microlaser is very short, on the order of a few wavelengths, and thus the mirrors of such a laser are made to have much higher reflectivities to compensate for the lower total gain. Microlasers are fabricated on a substrate by either being grown epitaxially or by deposition, and the mirrors consist of quarter-wave periods of semiconductor for the bottom mirror, and some combination of quarter-wave semiconductor or dielectric layers as the top reflector. Since the cavity is very short, the Fabry-Perot modes are spaced far apart, and to get any lasing at all, at least one Fabry-Perot mode must be in the gain region of the semiconductor in the cavity.

Electrostatically tunable optical device and optical interconnect for processors

The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford, Jr. University


An air cleaner of an internal combustion engine has a housing with a slide-in opening and receives a slide-in filter element through this opening. A cover element closes off the slide-in opening. The cover element has a snap element for fixing the cover element at the housing. The cover element has a contact face defining a first main plane. A sealing is disposed between the filter element and the housing and seals between filter element and housing. A sealing face provided at the housing interacts with the sealing and defines a second main plane. The housing has a contact face abutting the contact face of the cover element in the closing state of the cover element. An angle between the second main plane of the sealing face of the housing and the first main plane of the contact face of the cover element is different from 90°.

The present invention relates to an air cleaner in particular of an internal combustion engine in particular of a motor vehicle, comprising a housing with a slide-in opening for inserting a slide-in filter element, a cover element for closing the slide-in opening, which comprises at least one one-piece snap element for fixing the cover element at the housing.
DE 10 2007 063 252 A1 discloses a slide-in air filter of an air conditioner of a vehicle. The air conditioner comprises an air blower for sucking in fresh ambient air or recirculating air from the vehicle interior. The air conditioner further comprises an air duct on the inlet side for the air in front of the air blower, which has a holding fixture for the slide-in air filter. The slide-in air filter comprises a slot and an air filter. The slot with the air filter is bendable around a bending axis. The bending axis is aligned parallel to a plane of insertion and at right angles to a direction of insertion.
It is an object of the invention to provide an air cleaner of the above-mentioned kind, which is capable of establishing an effective seal to impede a leakage of air in the air cleaner. Further, it should be easy to open and close the cover element.

Air cleaner in particular of an internal combustion engine


A rail section weld inspection device [1000] is described for inspecting a rail [10] for internal defects [19,21]. A central ultrasonic (US) probe [1330] transmits at least one US beam [B] through the rail [10] and receiving a reflected signal. At least one angled US probe [1310] transmits at least one US beam [A1-A5] through the rail [10] at an oblique angle at least partially covering the same region as the central probe [1330]. An encoder identifies the location of the US probes [1330] and [1310] along the rail [10] and pairs the locations of the probes with the signals received. The Calculation device [1500] receives the signals from the US probes and uses their different views to create an image of the flaws within the rail [10].

As sections of railroad are constructed it is necessary to weld one rail to the adjacent rail. The rails are welded end-to-end by a process called thermetic welding. In this process, the rails are placed in the desired positions. A material designed to burn at high temperature is wrapped around the rail joint and ignited. It burns at a high temperature and welds the rails together their entire cross-section.
This process sometimes creates bubbles or other flaws that lead to a weakening of the joint. It is necessary to identify these flaws so that the joint be replaced with a stronger joint without weld flaws.
Rails and weld also deteriorate with time and use. Therefore there is also a need to inspect rails and welds for flaws created by extended service & fatigue.
Since there is a large amount of weight carried by the rails, flaws may cause weakened sections and result in a derailment.
There are ultrasonic inspection devices to inspect welds in specific geometries such as sheets and plates, such as U.S. Pat. No. 3,552,191 Jan. 5, 1971 by Heseding. This uses multiple ultrasound (US) transmitters that are also US receivers on one side of a weld on a sheet or plate. They also have embodiments that transmit across the weld to be received by a receiver on the other side of the weld. This apparatus is designed to inspect welds in flat plates and does not function well to inspect objects with substantially different geometry such as railroad rails.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,028,751 issued Apr. 10, 1962 to I. L. Joy describes a device designed to quickly detect locations that may possibly have flaws. It does not perform a thorough scan through the rail, but a more cursory scan to detect a general region have a large flaw.
Currently, there is a need for an inspection device that more accurately identifies flaws in railroad rail thermite welds.


A pneumatic pump silencer including a body defining an inner volume and having at least one wall including an air outlet orifice, and an attenuating pad having a face arranged across from the air outlet orifice, wherein a gap is arranged between the face of the attenuating pad and an outer face of the wall including the air outlet orifice, the thickness of the gap being between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.

In general, the pneumatic pumps include a pneumatic motor actuated by compressed air. Pneumatic piston pumps generally include two variable volume chambers arranged around a piston mounted on a shaft, these two variable volume chambers being alternately supplied with compressed air and connected to an air exhaust, to move the piston in an alternating motion. The motion of the piston is reacted by the shaft and used to drive another piece of equipment, such as a liquid coating product pump.
When a chamber is connected to the air exhaust, the compressed air leaving the pneumatic motor is not directly released into the open air, since the abrupt expansion of the compressed air would cause significant noise nuisances, due to the fact that, in general, the compressed air is not yet at atmospheric pressure. It is therefore known to use an exhaust circuit including noise attenuation systems, called silencers.
The principle of some known silencers is to completely enclose the air exhaust orifice and to allow the compressed air to spread through a porous material, whether a cellular foam, or a ceramic material, or a metal or plastic material formed by partially sintered beads. These porous materials can be integrated within ready-to-use silencers. These silencers remain relatively cumbersome and cannot be integrated within a cover of the pneumatic motor.
Due to the cooling caused by the abrupt expansion of the compressed air, the moisture contained in the air risks condensing and accumulating in the collector and the silencer. In the case of the continuous use of a pneumatic pump, the pneumatic pump collector and silencer can be subject to icing, which reduces the exhaust air passage cross-section and reduces the performance of the pneumatic pump.

Pneumatic pump silencer, pneumatic pump comprising such a silencer and coating product spraying installation comprising at least one such pneumatic pump


Embodiments of an apparatus and methods for providing improved flash memory cell characteristics are generally described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.

A reduction in size of circuit devices (e.g., integrated circuits (IC), transistors, flash memory, resistors, capacitors, etc.) on a semiconductor (e.g., silicon) substrate is typically a major factor considered during design, manufacture, and operation of those devices. In some cases, "scaling" may be used to "scale"down the size or scale of the devices or space from a feature of one device to the similar feature of an adjacent device. For example, during design and manufacture or forming of flash memory devices and other similar electronic devices, it is often desirable to reduce size or scale of (or between) devices, cells, transistors, bit lines (BL), and/or word lines (WL) of those devices. Such flash memory devices or cells may include polysilicon gate oxide transistor devices with floating polysilicon gates.
A n-doped flash memory cell 100 shown in FIG. 1 (Prior Art) illustrates the use of a substrate 110 comprising single crystal silicon that has been etched to form an isolation region 120 using a shallow trench isolation etch process and filled with silicon dioxide to provide electrical isolation. Floating gates 130 are formed on the active region 120 and layered with an interpolydielectric layer 140 such as a silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide (ONO) layer stack. An n-doped control gate 150 is formed on the interpolydielectric layer 140 to provide a mechanism to enable flash memory cell operations.
As the pitch between the floating gates 130, or spacing from one floating gate 130 to another floating gate 130 decreases to support cell size reduction or 'shrink', it progressively becomes more difficult to dope the n-doped control gate 150 heavily enough to keep it conductive during flash memory cell operations while avoiding creation of a depletion region 160 adjacent to the interpolydielectric layer 140. A depletion region 160 is an insulating region within a conductive, doped semiconductor material where the charge carriers have diffused away, or have been forced away by an electric field.

Apparatus and methods for improved flash cell characteristics


A process and security container that enable local protection and remote transportation of items found with the environment of a contemporary office, while generating a log of users who have gained access to the container. The container may be constructed with one or more sidewalls bearing a removable lid. The container may have a closed interior while the lid is in complete engagement with the sidewalls, and have an open interior able to removably receive items within the interior while the lid is dislodged from its complete engagement. A port is exposed through one of said sidewalls to receive data signals and a control stage with a non-volatile a memory, is mounted within the container and operationally coupled to a host computer to provide communication with the interior of the container via the port. A microprocessor based host computer sited externally to the container, has a keyboard initiating formation of the data signals and a monitor driven by the host computer to visually display video images. The host computer is operationally coupled to the port to participate in the communication by generating the data signals. The controller may generate a control signal and allow access to the interior of the container in response to occurrence of a coincidence between a data key received from the host computer among the data signals via the port and a data sequence obtained by the control stage in dependence upon information stored within the memory.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to processes and containers for controlling access to valuable items and, more particularly, to processes and systems for managing the security, access, use, siting and transportation of containers.
2. Background Art
In general, the need for protection and storage of valuables, sensitive information and controlled substances has increased over the past decade, particularly with the introduction of new forms of valuable tangible property such as the higher density optical and magnetic storage media. Contemporary offices rely upon one or more security devices such as mechanical locks placed upon cabinets, safes, doors and buildings to provide physical security for the interior of the office as well as the contents distributed throughout the office during normal working hours. We have noticed however, that these approaches to office security do not provide any audit information about either the use of the security devices or about the personnel who use the devices. The need to control access as well as to provide an accurate record of personnel having access and the time of their access requires both physical and electronic security measures. In an office environment for example, items such as confidential papers, diskettes, engineering documents, and intrinsically valuable materials (such as, by way of example, gold electrical contacts) other tangible items are most conveniently left exposed upon a counter, in an insecure state, during normal working hours. Although these items may be stored in cabinets or desk drawers after hours, the degree of the security provided is poor. Office fixtures are typically only secure temporarily and, in most cases, unauthorized access cannot be detected. Efforts such as the Electronic Interlock For Storage Assemblies of E. O. Warren, U.S. Pat. No. 5,225,825, and the Locker Unit Comprising A Plurality Of Lockers of K. Kletzmaier, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,219,386 are exemplars of recent efforts in the art to electronically control access, albeit primarily access to stationary objects such as doors and safes, and to provide both physical security and audit information about the use of the security devices. Although some electronic access control systems do endeavor to provide access control and audit capabilities, others such as the Portable Authentification System of L. C. Puhl, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,131,038; the Electronic Lock And Key System of F. Rode, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,727,369, the Fast Access Electronic Locking System of J. C. Spitzer, U.S. Pat. No. 5,299,436; and the Portable Electronic Access Controlled System For Parking Meters Or The Like of Paul Benezet, U.S. Pat. No. 5,278,395 do not consistently, inexpensively and reliably address the need for transportation of assets between remote locations in a secure manner. We have found that the unauthorized and undetected access to sensitive information or materials during transit, or during storage, is a concern that has not previously been adequately addressed by the art.


In one unit period of a display period, each pair of two scanning lines is selected and a gray scale potential corresponding to an image signal of pixels of one scanning line of each pair of scanning lines is supplied to each signal line. In another unit period, the other scanning line of each pair of scanning lines is selected and a gray scale potential corresponding to an image signal of the pixels of the other scanning line is supplied to each signal line.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a technique of displaying right-eye and left-eye images having a mutual parallax effect so that an observer can perceive a stereoscopic effect.
2. Related Art
A number of frame sequential type stereoscopic viewing methods for alternately displaying right-eye and left-eye images in a time-division manner have been suggested. During the period of time where one of the right-eye and left-eye images is changed, the right-eye and left-eye images are merged. Therefore, when a viewer views the images, it may be difficult for the viewer to perceive a clear stereoscopic effect and crosstalk may result. One attempt at solving this problem is found in JP-A-2009-25436, which discloses a technique of closing both right-eye and left-eye shutters of stereoscopic viewing glasses in during the period in which right-eye and left-eye images are changed, so that a viewer may not perceive the images.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 12, a right-eye period corresponding to the right-eye image and a left-eye period corresponding to the left-eye image are alternately set. A display image is updated from the left-eye image to the right-eye image in the first-half of the right-eye period and the right-eye image is displayed in the second-half of the right-eye period. The display image is updated from the right-eye image to the left-eye image in the first-half of the left-eye period and the left-eye image is displayed in the second-half of the left-eye period. In the first-half of each of the right-eye and left-eye periods, both the right-eye and left-eye shutters are controlled so as to be in the closed state. Accordingly, it may be difficult for the viewer to perceive the merging (crosstalk) of the right-eye and left-eye images.
In the technique disclosed in JP-A-2009-25436, however, the period in which the viewer can actually perceive the image is restricted to the second-half of each of the right-eye and left-eye periods. Accordingly, a problem may arise in that it is difficult to sufficiently ensure the brightness of the display image.

Electro-optical device and electronic apparatus


An isolated or purified PTH2 receptor ligand or PTH1 receptor ligand is disclosed.

Parathyroid Hormone Receptors
The parathyroid hormone receptors (PTH receptors) are part of an extended family of receptors. Usdin, et al., J Biol Chem 270:15455–15458 (1995). The human parathyroid hormone type 2 receptor (PTH2 receptor) shares about 51% amino-acid sequence identity with the human parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1 receptor). Both PTH receptors belong to the Type II family of G-protein-coupled receptors which respond to peptide modulators, including calcitonin, glucagon, secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Both PTH receptors are activated by PTH, but only the PTH1 receptor is activated by parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). The PTH2 and PTH1 receptors, together with their ligands, have presumably evolved to selectively mediate different physiological functions.
Parathyroid Hormone 2 Receptor
The PTH2 receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor selectively activated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and not by PTHrP. The first demonstration of this was by Usdin et al. (J Biol Chem 270:15455–15458 (1995)) and later by Behar et al. (Endocrinology 137:2748–57 (1996)) and Gardella et al. (J Biol Chem 271:19888–19893 (1996)). It is most similar in sequence and ligand recognition specificity to the PTH1 receptor (also called the PTH/PTHrP receptor). Abou-Samra, et al., Cell Biology 89:2732–2736 (1992); Juppner, et al., Science 254:1024–1026 (1991). Prior to discovery of the PTH2 receptor, studies of PTH action had not predicted the existence of the PTH2 receptor.
Recent work implies a significant role of the PTH2 receptor in regulating a number of diverse physiological processes. In view of this work it is clear that identifying the endogenous ligand that binds to and activates the PTH2 receptor is extremely important and may provide a therapeutic vehicle with which to treat a number of metabolic disorders. Antagonists of the PTH2 receptor would also have therapeutic importance as agents for modulating PTH2 receptor function.
Parathyroid Hormone 1 Receptor
The parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1 receptor) mediates the principal physiological responses to PTH and to PTH-related protein (PTHrP). Potts et al., in Williams' Textbook of Endocrinology, pp. 920–966 (1995). PTH is involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis, in that the hormone acts on the PTH1 receptor in bone and kidney to elevate blood calcium levels. PTHrP is a locally-acting autocrine/paracrine factor and developmental regulator. Both of these peptides are involved in disorders of calcium metabolism. In humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HHM) certain tumors produce very high levels of PTHrP, leading to activation of the PTH1 receptor and elevation of blood calcium levels. Grill et al., European Journal of Cancer 34:222–229 (1998). In primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), elevated blood calcium levels results from excessive secretion of PTH from a parathyroid gland. Nemeth and Fox, Trends Endocrinol Metab 10:66–71 (1999). In secondary and tertiary HPT, chronic renal failure leads to reduced calcium levels, morphological changes of the parathyroid gland and elevated PTH secretion. Slatopolsky et al., Kidney Int Suppl 73:S14–9 (1999). The PTH1 receptor is also involved in regulating phosphate homeostasis. Since activation of the PTH1 receptor is involved in these disorders, antagonism of the effects of PTH or PTHrP on the receptor may be of therapeutic utility.

The United States of America as represented by the Department of Health and Human Services


The present invention relates to the lid of the liquid container appropriate for pouring drinks like coffee dropping from a coffee maker and the liquid container, more particularly the lid to be attached to the pouring inlet on the upper part of the liquid container, with a thermometer for measuring the temperature of the liquid inside the above said liquid container, exhibiting the indicator of temperature up on the said lid of the liquid container in order that by knowing the temperature of liquid inside easily from outside, coffee turned cool will not be served by mistake, and also the liquid container having the lid.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the liquid container for business use, which is appropriate for containing various kinds of drinks like coffee and tea, especially for containing and keeping warm coffee made by a coffee maker.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The thermal flasks are used to contain coffee made by a coffee maker. As they are thermal, it is possible to serve hot coffee even without electricity when coffee is contained in the thermal flask so that it will be distributed in each shop or prepared on the table. In case of the drinks being cold, it can be served while it is that cold. Herein xe2x80x9cthermalxe2x80x9d shall mean xe2x80x9cthermally insulatingxe2x80x9d.
However, in case of being such a big flask as to be distributed to the shops, the temperature of the liquid, which has been contained therein, may change to inappropriate for serving when it takes long before it sells although there is no problem in case of quick selling. In other words, if it takes a lot of time to serve hot coffee after being contained in the flask, there is a problem that its temperature gets lower than that which is suitable for good drinking. This problem is hard to solve because the temperature of the contained liquid gets rapidly lower as generally the contained volume of the liquid becomes less and that problem is still difficult to avoid even though we use a flask which has a metal vacuum double bottle that is highly thermal.
The main purpose of the present invention is to provide for no cold coffee, which might have been served by mistake.
In other words, the purpose of this invention is to provide for a thermometer on the lid, for measuring the temperature of the liquid contained in the above said liquid container and the lid of the liquid container which exhibits the indicator of temperature above the above mentioned lid, the same lid being attached to the pouring inlet on the upper part of the liquid container and the liquid container having the above said lid.
Thus, according to the above mentioned construction, the temperature of the liquid contained can be easily known from outside as on the middle lid for closing the pouring inlet there is installed a thermometer exhibiting the indicator of temperature toward the above. In this way, it is possible to obtain the effect to prevent the drinks like coffee whose temperature has already gone down from being served by mistake.
Other purposes of the present invention will be clarified according the below description of the preferred embodiments.

Lid of the liquid container and the liquid container


An elastic seal includes a longitudinally extending elastomeric seal member with a continuous sealing surface and a longitudinally extending structural support member having at least one section with fingers extending transversely from the section with slots between the fingers. Each of the fingers is entirely embedded within the elastomeric seal member near the continuous elastomeric sealing surface. The fingers are preferably articulated downward in a direction normal to the sealing surface and together with the rest of the support member are preferably made of a spring material such as a flexible material such as a springy sheet metal. The elastomeric seal and structural members may be continuous bands with continuous metallic band with the fingers extending transversely from the metallic band. The continuous metallic and elastomeric bands may be annular, rectangular, ellipsoid, or have some other shaped cross-section.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to sealing devices for providing a close seal between a stationary member and a member pivotal in relation thereto and, more particularly, with respect to aircraft gas turbine engines, between engine ducts and outer flaps of vectorable or non-vectorable exhaust nozzles.
2. Discussion of the Background Art
Exhaust nozzles for military aircraft gas turbine engines typically include outer flaps which define the outer wetted surface of exhaust nozzle and is exposed to the airstream flowing past the aircraft. The outer flaps are usually hinged to an outer engine casing. Typical types of exhaust nozzles include axisymmetrical vectorable and nonvectorable and two dimensional. Vectorable nozzles generally employ divergent flaps to turn or vector the exhaust flow and thrust of the gas turbine engine powering the aircraft. Two dimensional nozzles have been devised which employ relatively flat flaps to direct the pitch or yaw direction of the engine's thrust. Hauer, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,660 incorporated herein by reference, discloses an Axisymmetric Vectoring Nozzle (i.e., General Electric's AVEN.RTM. nozzle) that provides a means for vectoring the thrust of an axisymmetric convergent/divergent nozzle by universally pivoting the divergent flaps of the nozzle in an asymmetric fashion or in other words pivoting the divergent flaps in radial and tangential directions with respect to the unvectored nozzle centerline. Wood et al., in U.S. Pat. No. 5,485,959 incorporated herein by reference, discloses a thermal shield for the Axisymmetric Vectoring Nozzle with outer flaps and seals.
Hot pressurized nozzle flow is contained by convergent and divergent flaps and seals (in the case of axisymmetric nozzles) wherein the divergent flaps and seals are pivotally connected to the nozzle throat in a manner permitting pivotal movement and axial translation of the exhaust nozzle exit. Outer flaps pivotally connected to an exhaust casing of the engine and outer seals (when used) supported by and disposed the outer flaps are used to surround the nozzle's convergent and divergent flaps and seals as demonstrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,128,208 by Ryan et al., entitled "Exhaust Nozzle Flap Seal Arrangement" assigned to the same assignee as the present invention. The outer flaps and seals are convergent in shape in the aft direction and are designed to provide an aerodynamically smooth surface around the nozzle to prevent adverse aerodynamic conditions that might otherwise arise. Because of the convergent shape, airflow along the outer flaps and seals are prone to separation which causes a highly undesirable increase in boat-tail drag on the nozzle, engine and ultimately the aircraft. Therefore, it is highly desirable to forestall separation as far aft on the outer flaps as possible and to eliminate separation along the flaps, if possible.
The hot pressurized nozzle flow tends to leak out of the nozzle flow path and into a nozzle bay formed between the convergent and divergent flaps and seals and the outer flaps. This pressurizes the bay which then leaks relatively high pressure airflow between the engine casing and the outer flaps and seals where the outer flaps are pivotally connected to the exhaust casing of the engine by hinges. The leakage from the bay can cause the boundary layer along the outer flaps and seals to trip from laminar to turbulent flow and, in turn, to cause the airflow along the outer flaps and seals to separate, thus, bringing about the unwanted increase in boat-tail drag. The separation can cause other undesirable effects relating to aerodynamic flow instabilities caused by the flow separation. U.S. Pat. No. 4,022,948 discloses resiliently coated metallic finger seals having two overlapping metallic seal members fixed at one set of ends with fingers extending backward at another set of ends encapsulated with resilient coating material. The slits between the fingers are offset between fingers so that resilient coating material cannot extend continuously between coatings over the upper and lower fingers. The resilient coating extends almost to the end of the slits but doesn't form an elastic seal entirely around the fingers. The problem of leakage is compounded by the strong aerodynamic forces acting along the interface between the engine casing and the outer flaps and seals and because the outer flaps and seals are pivoted with respect the engine casing.
The present invention overcomes these problems by providing an elastic seal which functions like a rubber band to keep the elastic seal tightly but resiliently against sealed elements. The elastic seal has at least one embodiment that can be used between the engine casing and the outer flaps and seals and which can be used for axisymmetric vectoring and non-vectoring nozzles and for two dimensional vectoring and non-vectoring nozzles. These features and advantages will become more readily apparent in the following description when taken in conjunction with the appended drawings.


A method for displaying a video stream of a scene captured by a monitoring camera on a display of a remote client device comprises receiving, at the client device, the video stream and information indicating an on/off status for an IR-illuminator illuminating the scene; setting a display setting of the display differently based on upon the on/off status for the IR-illuminator; and displaying the video stream on the display using the display setting. The client device comprises a display, a receiver which receives a video stream from the monitoring camera, and a control circuit. The control circuit executes an IR-illuminator status function to extract information indicating on/off status for the IR-illuminator illuminating the scene, a display setting function of the display differently upon the on/off status for the IR-illuminator, and a displaying function displays the video stream on the display using the setting set by the display setting function.

When monitoring a scene using a monitoring camera, it is at times necessary to add light to the scene in order to enable capturing of images of sufficient quality. Illuminators may be integrated in the monitoring camera, or external to the monitoring camera. The illuminators may add visible light. However, since image sensors used in monitoring cameras are generally sensitive to infrared radiation, IR, or more specifically near infrared radiation, NIR, the illuminators may advantageously add IR instead of visible light. In this manner, a sufficient amount of light may be provided for image capture, while avoiding disturbing visible light. A decision regarding when to illuminate a scene with IR may be taken depending on the light conditions at the scene.
A video stream of the scene captured by the monitoring camera may be viewed at a client device remote from the monitoring camera. However, depending on the light conditions at the scene user experience may vary. For example, the possibility to view details of the video stream may vary depending on the light conditions at the scene. Hence, there is a need in being able to better display the video stream at the client device.

Method for displaying a video stream of a scene


This invention relates to a local access network for mobile telephone units. Each radio station in this network has an associated group of radio stations forming a predetermined macrocell. Each radio station may become the macrocell""s core station. When a mobile unit leaves the coverage of one station (the xe2x80x9cfadingxe2x80x9d station) and enters the coverage of another (the xe2x80x9cchange-overxe2x80x9d station), virtual connections are formed to the stations covering the macrocell associated with the change over the station. At this time the virtual connections belonging to the stations in the macrocell associated with the previous station, but not belonging to the macrocell associated with the change-over station, are released.

This invention relates to a local access network intended for mobile units.
Some mobile unit local access networks already exist, and it may be useful to refer to patent document FR-A-2 714 559, which outlines a similar network consisting of a double bus interconnecting, for example through concentration nodes, several radio stations to which mobile stations, also called mobile units or mobiles can be connected.
In time, communications between mobile units or between a mobile and another party will not be voice only, but may require carrying representational data such as still or animated images, which will justify the use of multiflow or even wideband networks. By design, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) technology makes it possible to transfer any type of information at variable rates of transmission.
A main purpose of this invention is to offer a mobile unit local access network which supports this ATM technology.
Some mobile unit local access networks consist of a distribution network, itself comprised of several nodes connected to a concentrator, to which is connected at least one radio station to communicate with mobiles associated with this base station (RS). At least one of these nodes of the distribution network is connected, through a switching device, to a virtual channel selector.
The growing demand for communication services between mobiles has resulted in increasing traffic load, which each radio station in the local access network must be able to handle. To ensure better radio coverage of urban areas while taking into account the necessarily limited performance of these radio stations, one has to reduce the coverage of each-radio station and to offer networks based on macrocellular architectures. Nevertheless, this creates the problem of a very significant increase in signaling procedures, especially when mobiles leave the radio coverage of one station and come under the coverage of another station, in what are technically referred to as xe2x80x9chand-over phases.xe2x80x9d The procedures to manage the hand-over phases require some handling processes which might quickly saturate ground-based control units.
French Patent 2,714,559 describes a management procedure for quick hand-over phases in which ATM support-links are established and modified in real time. Based on this procedure, a mobile already linked to an initial station is taken over by a second station it has just reached. At that moment, the new station commands the ATM access network to establish the necessary connection(s) so that the mobile can, both transmit its user traffic to the other parity and, on the other hand, receive the incoming traffic from that same party. All processing required for this operation is done by the network""s peripheral concentrators connected to the first and second stations.
This eliminates the risk of saturation of the hand-over phase processing units and ensures the capacity to manage a very large number of mobiles. Another advantage stems from the fact that virtual circuit switching in ATM executes low-level operations whose processing speeds-ensure extremely fast connections.
The procedure described in French Patent 2,714,559 can, however, show some limitations in certain situations of call traffic overload at one concentrator and/or in cases of extreme variations in radio propagation conditions. Network reaction time may then prove too long for the expected performance and, quality.
The purpose of this invention is to solve this problem and to offer a mobile unit access network of a type comprising multiple radio stations linked, by connectors to a distribution network, with each radio station covering a radio cell within which it can communicate with a mobile unit and each concentrator designed to ensure the virtual connection of at least one station with said distribution network.
For a call from a mobile, an essential feature of this invention provides for the establishment of virtual connections from the network to the stations covering a macrocell consisting of a pre-determined group of radio cells which cover the area in which said mobile is or is likely to move.
This feature makes it possible to anticipate the movements of a mobile due to the fact that the virtual connections required for a call are already established when the mobile comes under a new station, called the change-over station. So, as it moves, the mobile receives its user information without delay.
Consistent with another feature of this invention, each station within the network has an associated, predetermined macrocell as the station becomes the core station of this macrocell, and when a mobile unit leaves the coverage of one stationxe2x80x94the fading stationxe2x80x94and enters the coverage of anotherxe2x80x94the change-over stationxe2x80x94it is designed to establish the virtual connections to the stations covering the macrocell associated with the change-over station and to release the virtual connections belonging to the stations in the macrocell associated with the previous station but not belonging to the macrocell associated with the change-over station.
Thus, a macrocell shifts simultaneously with the mobile.
Appropriately, the release of the virtual connections to the stations in the macrocell associated with the previous station but not belonging to the macrocell associated with the change-over station is delayed by a preset change-over time.
When radio cells covered respectively by stations within said network are spread over a dense geographic area, each macrocell is appropriately covered by a group consisting of the core station of said macrocell and of the stations adjoining to the core station or directly contiguous to the core station. This configuration of each macrocell is designed to accommodate, for example, dense geographic areas such as cities, etc.
When radio cells covered respectively by stations within said network are spread over a linear geographic area, which is, for example, the case with radio cells covering a road or highway, each macrocell is covered by a linear group consisting of the core station of the macrocell and of the stations adjoining to the core station. For example, each macrocell is covered by a group of three adjoining, aligned stations and said core station is the central station. Coverage may also be achieved by a group of two adjoining stations, with said core station being the station located behind the mobile in question, relative to its direction of movement.
Consistent with another feature of the invention, its network includes a table in which are described and recorded the characteristics of each macrocell of said network, inter alia the core station of said macrocell and the adjoining stations forming the macrocell.
Consistent with another feature of the invention, the network includes at least one processor which, upon receiving a request from a mobile just entering the coverage of a new station, called a change-over station, transmits to the appropriate concentrator(s) a message to create and release the virtual connections required for the creation and fading of the concerned macrocells. Such a request includes, inter alia, the identifiers of the virtual channels and paths assigned to the call in question, as well as an image of the previous macrocell.
According to a first process embodiment of the invention, the network includes a processor which is centralized. The request is then transmitted to the concentrator to which the change-over station is linked through a channel permanently established and identified, at the level of said change-over station, by a unique pair of identifiers of virtual paths and channels, the request being transmitted from the concentrator to said central processor over a channel identified both by a virtual channel identifier reflecting the address of said concentrator within the network and by a virtual channel identifier reflecting the address of said station in the concentrator.
According to a first process variant of this embodiment, the message to create and release the virtual connections required for the creation and fading of the concerned macrocells, transmitted by the central processor, is broadcast to all the concentrators in the network, which perform the screening.
According to a second process variant of this embodiment, the message to create and release the virtual connections required for the creation and fading of the concerned macrocells is transmitted point-to-point by said central processor to the concerned concentrator(s).
According to a second process embodiment of the invention, the network includes multiple processors intended, for example in, the concentrators, to create and release the virtual connections required for the creation and fading of the concerned macrocells. The processors may be shared.
According to a first process variant of this embodiment, the network is designed so that the message to create and release the virtual connections required for the creation and fading of the concerned macrocells, from a processor to the concerned concentrator(s), is transmitted over a permanent broadcast channel.
According to a second process variant of this embodiment, the network is designed so that the message to create and release the virtual connections required for the creation and fading of the concerned macrocells, from the processor of each concentrator to another concentrator, is transmitted over a virtual path permanently established between said two concentrators.
According to a third process derivative, it is designed so that the message to create and release the virtual connections required for the creation and fading of the concerned macrocells, from the processor of each concentrator to another concentrator, is transmitted over a virtual path permanently established between all concentrators. The virtual path is, appropriately, a virtual ring in which said message travels from one concentrator to another.
According to another process variant of this embodiment, the message is transmitted as many times as there are concentrators concerned by the creation and fading of the macrocells, each concentrator considering the message only if it must perform a virtual connection marking operation for the creation of the new macrocell or the fading of the previous macrocell.


A data transmission apparatus in a communication system includes a verification unit configured to verify a basic frequency band capable of being used for transmitting and receiving data to and from a plurality of terminals, and a multi-bandwidth mode in the basic frequency band; a generation unit configured to generate data packets in the multi-bandwidth mode; and a transmission unit configured to transmit the data packets in the multi-bandwidth mode, wherein the multi-bandwidth mode includes a ½× bandwidth of the basic frequency band, a basic bandwidth, a 2× bandwidth of the basic frequency band, a 4× bandwidth of the basic frequency band and an 8× bandwidth of the basic frequency band.

1. Field of the Invention
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a communication system, and, more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for transmitting and receiving data in a communication system, in which a frame is configured to support a multi-bandwidth in a new frequency band and data are transmitted and received through the configured frame.
2. Description of Related Art
In a current communication system, research for providing various qualities of service (hereinafter, referred to as 'QoS') to users at a high transmission rate has been actively conducted. In a wireless local area network (hereinafter, referred to as 'WLAN') system as an example of such a communication system, research for methods for stably transmitting large data at a high speed through limited resources has been actively conducted. In particular, in a communication system, research for data transmission through wireless channels has been conducted. Recently, methods for the WLAN system to normally transmit and receive large data by effectively using limited wireless channels have been suggested.
Meanwhile, in a current communication system, in order to efficiently transmit larger capacity data, research for a new frequency band different from a frequency band used for data transmission and reception in an existing communication system has been conducted. In particular, research for data transmission and reception in such a new frequency band has been conducted.
However, in the current communication system, no concrete method for transmitting and receiving data in a new frequency band different from an existing frequency band has been suggested. In particular, no concrete method for a frame for transmitting and receiving data in a new frequency band and no concrete method for a frame for supporting a multi-bandwidth in the new frequency band have been suggested.
As a consequence, in order to stably transmit and receive data at a high speed through a new frequency band in a communication system, for example, a WLAN system, methods for configuring a frame in a new frequency band and a frame for supporting a multi-bandwidth in the new frequency band and normally transmitting and receiving data through the new frequency band by using the frame configured in this way are demanded in the art.

Apparatus and method for transmitting/receiving data in communication system

ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH INSTITUTE


An attaching system for a lift-roof cover pivoting substantially about a fixed forward wall upper edge via application of rear hatch technology of the prior art for conventional cab high covers together with attachment means in the form of linkages. The attaching system for mounting to a load bed supports multiple functions providing convenience in distribution and installation processes; in particular facilitating use of processes employed for conventional caps with respect to shipping and storage. The system includes lift-roof to forward wall stop and side retainer means supporting improved functional integrity and security. Also included are draw latches supporting levels of operating convenience demanded for lift-roof applications. Simplified manufacturing adaptation of a conventional cap is supported by pre-assembly of key subassemblies. Capability for completing all functional adjustments before shipping supports installation simplified to levels suited to needs of multiple location installers experienced only with conventional covers of the prior art.

(1) Technical Field
The invention pertains to lift-roof covers for use with load beds of light trucks, providing improved access to the load bed and extending functions to other uses, with major focus upon achieving these benefits in a manner best accommodating manufacturing and distribution processes broadly in use relative to conventional fixed mount cab high covers (caps) of the prior art. Applicable US classifications include 296/100.1, 100.6 hinged load covers, 296/165 expansible or collapsible vehicle body, 296/176 expansible/collapsible from a first to a second configuration for camping. The disclosure describes key improvements beyond the concept described by U.S. Pat. No. 5,102,185, these improvements providing simplification in manufacturing processes and improvements in convenience of installation and operation to levels approaching those for conventional fixed mount caps (cab high covers) of the prior art. These improvements also increase the functional reliability of the complete lift-roof cover system and make possible enhanced aesthetic appeal by eliminating obvious appearance differences from conventional fixed mount caps of the prior art which have demonstrated highest user acceptance levels. In particular, objection has been made to separation lines between the forward wall and the lift-roof/cap shell when these are visible in side view. The application to a new use of existing technology for hinging and weather sealing rear hatch assemblies for fixed mount caps of the prior art overcomes this deficiency, while supporting functional and economic benefits associated with use of technology which is familiar to practitioners of the art to which the invention pertains.
(2) Description of Related Art
Through review of the prior art defined in patents relating to pickup truck load bed covers issued subsequent to Lake, U.S. Pat. No. 5,102,185, it can be seen that much effort has been focused on inventing alternate means to provide improved access for loading/unloading and facilitating adaptation to uses beyond cargo protection while also making available a roof height equal to or greater than that of the vehicle cab. Examples include the following:
Ekonen et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,175, and Herndon, U.S. Pat. No. 5,951,095, describe transformable cover assemblies which unfold from a low profile on the load bed to provide full enclosure with a roof level equivalent to that of a cab high, fixed mount cap of the prior art. However, they add complexity while giving up significant degrees of security and integrity of appearance with the vehicle when in the cab high operating mode.
Plamondon, U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,217, Alexa, U.S. Pat. No. 6,000,745, Moberly, U.S. Pat. No. 5,443,295, and Hanning, U.S. Pat. No. 6,471,282, describe retractible flexible covers of cab height which fail to provide the security and integrated (with vehicle) appearance provided by most fixed mount, molded caps.
Aragon et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,182, Herzberg et al, U.S. Pat. No. 5,203,603, and Hutchinson, U.S. Pat. No. 5,655,809, describe telescoping cab high covers having rigid outer paneling. These concepts provide better cargo security, but add significant complexity and also fail to provide the fully integrated appearance provided by most conventional, fixed mount, molded caps.
Fowler, U.S. Pat. No. 6,471,280, describes a cover with hard molded shell but, in order to provide improved loading access, requires removal of the shell, an obvious inconvenience.
Baldwin, U.S. Pat. No. 6,439,647, Dence, U.S. Pat. No. 6,394,532, and Lambden, U.S. Pat. No. 6,007,137, describe cab high rigid covers pivoting from one or both sides in a manner providing increased interior volume as desirable for adaptation to camping or improved side loading access. However they fail to provide improved access from the rear suitable for loading popular wheeled equipment.
Harkins, U.S. Pat. No. 5,209,543, describes an apparatus for enclosures such as pickup bed tops, including a pair of folding top panels longitudinally hinged for closing along the top centerline. In order to achieve the benefits of lift-roof improved access loading from the rear, considerable and costly complexity is added.
Medlin, U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,418, and Enninga, U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,175, describe means for mounting a cap to a load bed in ways accommodating pivotal rotation of the complete camper shell about a forward axis by lifting from the rear. However, significant complexity appears to be added in hardware and processes necessary for installation and acceptable function. Furthermore, sealing at the forward wall to load bed interface is not addressed.
Moore et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,421,633, describes a camper shell intended for mounting directly to a truck frame on a vehicle assembly line, adaptable to having its roof pivotally raised from the rear and having flexible walls for camping attached and/or removed. Moore et al appears focused on application of lift-roof functional benefits via a high production volume vehicle assembly process requiring high levels of manufacturing tooling investment and does not appear to address needs of manufacturing and distribution systems in place within the conventional cap industry.
The concepts cited above provide various benefits beyond those provided by conventional fixed mount caps of the prior art. In most cases compromises are introduced which are evidently unacceptable to most purchasers of fixed mount, molded caps (historically comprising the primary market for pickup truck covers), who demand an appearance well integrated with styling of the vehicle, together with secure, weatherproof enclosure of the load bed to a height matching that of the vehicle cab. It would appear that Enninga and Medlin are able to retain all key functional and aesthetic benefits provided by conventional caps as long as they are used in the closed condition. When in the open condition cargo space is compromised, due to intrusion of the cap forward wall, which moves rearward as the cap shell is raised and introduces issues with respect to sealing to the load bed forward wall. Also, complexity introduced in the components and associated processes necessary for installation become of particular concern where installation may be completed at multiple locations by individuals with limited experience relative to the product. Therefore, objects of my invention include to provide the benefits of improved access for loading and easy adaptation to alternate uses while minimizing complexity in the installation process and/or costs in added hardware and avoiding compromises relative to benefits already provided by conventional fixed caps of the prior art.
Grise, U.S. Pat. No. 4,452,482, and McGaughey et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,461,185, describe hatch frame construction for pickup truck caps including an integral hinge for supporting a hatch door in a weatherproof manner with location close to the cap roof edge. These patents are of referent interest in describing adaptation of radius door technology to lift-roof cover application
Ely et al, U.S. Pat. No. 6,179,350, describes a draw latch and various means for providing resistance to keep the members of a latch assembly in a variety of given positions and addresses need for manually raising a catch in order to effect disengagement.
Gromotka, U.S. Pat. No. 5,478,125, describes a draw latch in which rotation of the lever initially disengages the catch and positive contact between the lever and latch arm at a distance from the latch pivot causes the hook arm to kick out. Objects include to provide these functions with parts which are few, durable and reliable in all functions.
P. R. Gley et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,519,298, describes a positive lock for toggle catch, or draw latch, permitting concomitant release of the catch and movement of the handle to an open position.
The above draw latch patents address need for one-handed convenience in operation. Various methods are described as used in the prior art for positioning handles and latch arms to support convenient operation. Plastic inserts have been employed where corrosion from exposure to the elements could otherwise impair function. Metal-to-metal frictional methods are commonly employed in order to support low cost. However, it would appear that, in practice, most friction or interference methods tend to result in high efforts and/or variation in effort due to wear and/or manufacturing variability. Such methods may be adequate to temporarily retain latch handles to an open position, because full hand strength may be conveniently applied to effect release. However, the control effort with respect to a latch arm pivoting from a latch handle needs to be relatively low in order to support convenient operation, which requires moving the latch arm independently of the handle either immediately before moving the handle, or simultaneously with handle operation, but in any case as a fluid one-handed movement. Accordingly it is an object to provide a draw latch which supports convenient positioning of component parts in operation by applying reliable methods to draw latches having other characteristics suited to lift-roof cover application. This may be best achieved with concepts depending on zero resistance beyond that of a free pivot and force of gravity, or otherwise with a more reliable method of providing frictional resistance than generally employed in the prior art.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


An apparatus and method for producing molded coils of the present invention includes a molding machine having threaded spindles for receiving the coils to be molded. The coils are threaded over the spindles so that during the molding process the pitch and diameter of the coils are accurately maintained. The process is automated by use of a controller and automated assembly machinery. The controller and automated assembly machinery integrate a coil winder, a molding machine, and an auto bagger to automate the entire process of producing the molded coils.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to processes for molding wire coils. More particularly, though not exclusively, the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for molding wire coils while accurately maintaining the pitch of the coils.
2. Problems in the Art
In some areas of the telecommunications field such as wireless communications, transceivers include an antenna which may telescope into a housing of the transceiver. A typical retractable antenna will include a small coil in the bottom of the housing which is used when the antenna is in the retracted position. These lower coils are critical to the performance of the transceiver. Small variations in the dimensions and pitch of the coil affect the performance of the transceiver. Naturally, any manufacturing process that does not maintain the required tolerances will result in lower coils which have an unsatisfactory and inconsistent performance. There is currently no prior art method of producing lower coils which accurately and consistently control the pitch of the coil.
A typical lower coil for a wireless telephone and the like is comprised of a wire coil encapsulated in a plastic molding. Prior art attempts at creating lower coils by an injection molding process are unsatisfactory since during the injection molding process, the pitches of the coil vary from the springs expanding and/or contracting resulting in coils tuned to various frequencies rather than to a consistent desired frequency. One example of a use of such a coil is with GSM devices. GSM is an international platform used with cellular phones around the world. The GSM frequency range is 800-900 MHz.
In addition, in any industry it is desired to automate labor intensive practices. In a typical lower coil molding process, an operator may frequently need to intervene with the process. The requirement of an operator for the molding machines naturally requires more labor cost.
It can therefore be seen that a process of using injection molding to create encapsulated lower coils is desired which keeps the pitch of the coils to a desired pitch.
Typical prior art lower coil molds have been used having one and two cavity molds with a parting line along the side with the wire coil laid down horizontally. When the plastic is injected around the coil, the coils move causing a variation in the pitch and therefore a variation in the tuned frequency. These prior art methods typically held the wire oil around a smooth surface where they make a few points of contact on the outside of the coil. The injection pressure from the plastic and the velocity of the plastic allows the plastic to get in between and move the pitch of the coil around which causes electrical performance problems.
Therefore, a need can be seen for an apparatus and process for efficiently and accurately manufacturing molded lower coils which maintains high tolerances for the coil with minimal requirements for manual intervention.


A method of filling trenches between gates includes forming a first and a second dummy gate over a substrate, the first and second dummy gates including a sacrificial gate material and a hard mask layer; forming a first gate spacer along a sidewall of the first dummy gate and a second gate spacer along a sidewall of the second dummy gate; performing an epitaxial growth process to form a source/drain on the substrate between the first and second dummy gates; disposing a conformal liner over the first and second dummy gates and the source/drain; disposing an oxide on the conformal liner between the first and second dummy gates; recessing the oxide to a level below the hard mask layers of the first and second dummy gates to form a recessed oxide; and depositing a spacer material over the recessed oxide between the first dummy gate and the second dummy gate.

The present invention relates to metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET), and more specifically, to recess filling methods and devices.
The MOSFET is a transistor used for amplifying or switching electronic signals. The MOSFET has a source, a drain, and a metal oxide gate electrode. The metal gate is electrically insulated from the main semiconductor n-channel or p-channel by a thin layer of insulating material, for example, silicon dioxide or glass, which makes the input resistance of the MOSFET relatively high. The gate voltage controls whether the path from drain to source is an open circuit ("off") or a resistive path ("on").
The FinFET is a type of MOSFET. The FinFET is a double-gate device that mitigates the effects of short channels and reduces drain-induced barrier lowering. The "fin" refers to the narrow channel between source and drain regions. A thin insulating oxide layer on either side of the fin separates the fin from the gate.

POC process flow for conformal recess fill

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


The invention provides hydrophobically modified cationic polymers which may be used to enhance deposition of particles.

The use of cationic polymers to enhance deposition of particles has been disclosed, for example, by applicants. In several of applicants' co-pending applications (e.g., U.S. Ser. No. 10/997,179 to Tsaur et al.; U.S. Ser. No. 10/997,180 to Patel et al.; U.S. Ser. No. 11/043,509 to Polonka et al.), for example, applicants disclose compositions comprising cationic polymer as part of a deposition system for delivering particles providing optical benefits. In these applications, however, cationic polymers interact with anionic surfactant to form a precipitate or coacervate which enhances deposition of particles.
In co-pending U.S. Ser. Nos. 11/370,109 and 11/370,267, both to Polonka et al., the "deposition system" (cationic polymer/anionic surfactant) forms individually on particles to be deposited. The thus "coated" particles interact with air to form a foam lather structure and particles are deposited predominantly from lather in use. The individual deposition system chemistry still, however, is dependent on anionic surfactant interacting with cationic particles. None of the above references disclose the novel modified polymers of the invention or the use of these hydrophobically modified cationic polymers to interact directly with benefit agent (e.g., benefit agent particles), without need of anionic surfactant as part of deposition system, to enhance benefit agent deposition. Benefit agents with which hydrophobically modified cationics can react can, in principle, include emulsions of silicones or oils to the extent the emulsion is naturally negatively charged, it will interact with the modified cationic to enhance deposition.
U.S. Application No. 2004/0223993 to Clapp et al. disclose direct hydrophobic modification of particles, but not the hydrophobically modified cationic polymers of the invention. U.S. Pat. No. 6,780,826 to Zhang discloses deposition of particles based on particle geometry.
In a reference entitled "Effects of low-level substitution on conditioning properties of cationic cellulosic polymers in shampoo systems", Journal of Cosmetic Science, volume 55, pages S195-S205 (2004), T. V. Drovetskaya et al. disclose quaternized hydroxyethylcellulose polymers having hydrophobic character due to grafting of dimethyl dodecyl ammonium groups onto the cellulose backbone. The product is known commercially as Polymer SL®. Cationic substitution is achieved with trimethyl ammonium grafts.
In Polymer SL®, the degree of cationic substitution is fixed as 0.2, meaning that one in five anhydroglucose units contains a quaternized graft. This level of modified cation corresponds to 1% nitrogen. Since the repeat unit molecular weight for a cellulose backbone with this level of cationic grafts is about 300, this material has a cationic charge density of 0.7 milli-equivalents per gram. Polymers of the subject invention have charge density ≧2 meq/g, preferably ≧2.5 meq/g, more preferably ≧4 meq/g.
Zhao et al. of Chinese Academy of Sciences published a paper entitled "Synthesis and Flocculation Properties of Poly (dialkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-vinyl trimethoxysilane) and poly (diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride-acrylamide-vinyl trimethoxysilane) in Journal of Applied Polymer Sciences, Volume 84, pp 335-342 (2002).
Zhao discloses the use of polymers as flocculants for water treatment. Polymers use relatively low levels of hydrophobe (less than 10 mole % compared to those of invention which we use 10 mol % and greater) since higher levels are said to lead to insolubility.

Hydrophobically modified cationic polymers


A stent may comprise a graft having a plurality of outwardly deployable petals. A petal may include an internal inflation pocket. Upon inflation, the petal may deploy outwardly and provide support to a portion of a vessel bifurcation. Inflation may be accomplished by injecting an inflation medium into the inflation pocket. In some embodiments, an inflation medium may comprise a hardening resin.

1. Field of the Invention
In some embodiments this invention relates to implantable medical devices, their manufacture, and methods of use. Some embodiments are directed to delivery systems, such as catheter systems of all types, which are utilized in the delivery of such devices.
2. Description of the Related Art
A stent is a medical device introduced to a body lumen and is well known in the art. Typically, a stent is implanted in a blood vessel at the site of a stenosis or aneurysm endoluminally, i.e. by so-called "minimally invasive techniques" in which the stent in a radially reduced configuration, optionally restrained in a radially compressed configuration by a sheath and/or catheter, is delivered by a stent delivery system or "introducer" to the site where it is required. The introducer may enter the body from an access location outside the body, such as through the patient's skin, or by a "cut down" technique in which the entry blood vessel is exposed by minor surgical means.
Stents, grafts, stent-grafts, vena cava filters, expandable frameworks, and similar implantable medical devices, collectively referred to hereinafter as stents, are radially expandable endoprostheses which are typically intravascular implants capable of being implanted transluminally and enlarged radially after being introduced percutaneously. Stents may be implanted in a variety of body lumens or vessels such as within the vascular system, urinary tracts, bile ducts, fallopian tubes, coronary vessels, secondary vessels, etc. Stents may be used to reinforce body vessels and to prevent restenosis following angioplasty in the vascular system. They may be self-expanding, expanded by an internal radial force, such as when mounted on a balloon, or a combination of self-expanding and balloon expandable (hybrid expandable).
Stents may be created by methods including cutting or etching a design from a tubular stock, from a flat sheet which is cut or etched and which is subsequently rolled or from one or more interwoven wires or braids.
Within the vasculature, it is not uncommon for stenoses to form at a vessel bifurcation. A bifurcation is an area of the vasculature or other portion of the body where a first (or parent) vessel is bifurcated into two or more branch vessels. Where a stenotic lesion or lesions form at such a bifurcation, the lesion(s) can affect only one of the vessels (i.e., either of the branch vessels or the parent vessel) two of the vessels, or all three vessels. Many prior art stents however are not wholly satisfactory for use where the site of desired application of the stent is juxtaposed or extends across a bifurcation in an artery or vein such, for example, as the bifurcation in the mammalian aortic artery into the common iliac arteries.
Referring to PRIOR ART FIG. 1, when stenting at a bifurcation where a side branch vessel 4 meets a main vessel 2, a main stent 6 is placed in the main vessel 2. A side branch stent 8 is placed in the branch vessel 4. However, in some instances and especially when the acute angle between the main vessel 2 and the side branch vessel 4 is small, when the side branch stent 8 is positioned with a portion of one end 9 abutting the main stent 6, a portion of the bifurcation 5 can be left with little support.
There remains a need for a device capable of better supporting vessel portions at bifurcations.
The art referred to and/or described above is not intended to constitute an admission that any patent, publication or other information referred to herein is "prior art" with respect to this invention. In addition, this section should not be construed to mean that a search has been made or that no other pertinent information as defined in 37 C.F.R.§1.56(a) exists.
All U.S. patents and applications and all other published documents mentioned anywhere in this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Without limiting the scope of the invention a brief summary of some of the claimed embodiments of the invention is set forth below. Additional details of the summarized embodiments of the invention and/or additional embodiments of the invention may be found in the Detailed Description of the Invention below.
A brief abstract of the technical disclosure in the specification is provided as well only for the purposes of complying with 37 C.F.R. 1.72. The abstract is not intended to be used for interpreting the scope of the claims.