The invention relates to a method for producing a non-oxide ceramic powder comprising a nitride, a carbide, a boride or at least one MAX phase with the general composition Mn+1AXn, where M=at least one element from the group of transition elements (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf and Ta), A=at least one A group element from the group (Si, Al, Ga, Ge, As, Cd, In, Sn, Tl and Pb), X=carbon (C) and/or nitrogen (N) and/or boron (B), and n=1, 2 or 3. According to the invention, corresponding quantities of elementary starting materials or other precursors are mixed with at least one metal halide salt (NZ), compressed (pellet), and heated for synthesis with a metal halide salt (NZ). The compressed pellet is first enveloped with another metal halide salt, compressed again, arranged in a salt bath and heated therewith until the melting temperature of the salt is exceeded. Optionally, melted silicate can be added, which prevents the salt from evaporating at high temperatures. Advantageously, the method can be carried out in the presence of air.

It is known that the syntheses of non-oxide materials are always carried out in a protected atmosphere or in a vacuum in order to prevent oxidation of the material in the presence of oxygen. It is thus an inevitable requirement that the processing of non-oxide materials which must be protected from unwanted oxidation be routinely carried out in a protected atmosphere of argon, nitrogen, or in vacuo.
The syntheses of MAX phases are currently also carried out under argon or in vacuo at temperatures up to above 1000° C. A MAX phase is taken to mean a compound of the general formula Mn+1AXn, where M=transition element (e.g. Ti, V, Cr, . . . ), A=A-group element (Al, Si, . . . ), X=carbon or nitrogen, and n=1, 2, or 3. By general definition, the MAX phases represent a group of ternary nitrides and carbides. The production of MAX phases is regularly carried out in a sintering step which is generally also referred to as "reactive sintering". However, in such a process step it is not possible to produce the MAX phase as a free powder which would be required for further contouring processes.
The first example of a MAX phase (Ti3SiC2) was prepared for the first time by Jeitschko and Nowotny where mixed titanium hydride, silicon and graphite were heated in a graphite crucible at 2000 C[1]. However, such high temperatures render a large-scale MAX synthesis unprofitable.
Barsoum et al., for example, used a mixed powder of titanium, carbon and silicon carbide for the production of a MAX phase (Ti3SiC2), compressing the powder mixture at 1600° C. and thereby providing a uniaxial pressure of 40 MPA[2]. The MAX phase thus produced was completely dense and had a simple shape which also needed to be machined for further contouring. To produce free MAX-phase powder from the dense material using the aforementioned process would thus require an additional milling or grinding process.
Monolithic Ti3SiC2 has also already been synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, wherein chloride precursors of titanium, silicon and carbon have been used[3].
The disadvantages of this method for producing MAX phases in general are the low deposition rate and the expensive and often toxic precursors. Moreover, CVD is not suitable for synthesizing powders, but is only suitable for depositing thin films and/or layers on a substrate.
All aforementioned methods describe the production of MAX-phase powders in a protective atmosphere of argon or nitrogen or in vacuo.
Also known is the synthetic route for oxide and carbide ceramic powders via a molten salt. In this process, too, a protective atmosphere or vacuum is always set, which pushes up the cost of such synthesis.
Guo et al. have already produced a Ti3SiC2 MAX phase via a molten salt of NaCl as flux under protective gas atmosphere (argon)[4].
Cr2AlC powders have also already been synthesized using molten salt for which a mixture of NaCl and KCl in a ratio of 1:1 was used as flux. The reaction mixture was poured into a quartz tube in vacuo and heat-treated at high temperatures. This process, too, always requires a protective atmosphere or vacuum in order to mediate the reactions at the high temperatures.
From R. Yang et al., "Molten salt synthesis of Mo2C powder using a mechanically milled powder", Mater. Lett., 61, 2007, 4815-4817, a method for producing MO2C is known in which an Mo—C powder is mixed with NaCl and KCl and specimens are produced therefrom. These are placed in molten salt and heat-treated at 1000° C. for 60 min.
Furthermore, a method for producing MAX phases is disclosed in X. Guo et al., "Preparation of Ti3SiC2 powders by the molten salt method", Materials Letters 2013, vol. 111, pp. 211-213. Here, Ti3SiC2 powder was successfully recovered by the molten salt method using NaCl as flux. Oxygen exclusion was achieved by sintering in an argon atmosphere.

Method for producing non-oxide ceramic powders


An apparatus for controlling the traveling of a mower comprising means for detecting the conveying state of cut grass in a shooter, and means for decelerating the traveling speed of the working machine while continuing the mowing work by the cutter and the feeding of an air flow to the shooter if the conveying state is more degraded than a jam prevention judgment criterion on the basis of the detection signal of the conveying state detector means. The conveying state of grass in the shooter is detected based on the density or amount of cut grass passing through the shooter per unit time, and the mower is decelerated while maintaining the rotation of the cutter blade for mowing and/or the feeding of the air flow into the shooter if the density exceeds a predetermined threshold value. A threshold value can be adjusted according to the condition of the grass to be cut; for example, high, degree of overgrowth, degree of dry or wet of the grass.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is related to an apparatus for controlling the traveling of a mower, and particularly to an apparatus the traveling speed of which is controlled in such manner that, when grass cut during a mowing operation is conveyed within a duct-like shooter, the shooter is not jammed with the grass.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Conventionally, in the traveling type working machine which works while traveling under power provided by an engine, traveling control has boon performed for automatically controlling the traveling speed according to the work lead condition. The following various improved methods have been proposed for such a working machine.
For instance, in the Japanese Patent Kokai 57-69148 official gazette, a method is shown for preventing unnecessary high-speed revolution at light loads and reduction in the number of revolutions at heavy loads by detecting the torque of a work lead to change the traveling speed of the working machine, thereby reducing fuel consumption. In the Japanese Patent Kokai 60-116008 official gazette. a method is disclosed for detecting the work load condition by the number of revolutions of the a.c. generator driven by the engine of the working machine to change the traveling speed of the working machine, thereby for keeping the appearance of the working trace good and preventing the working vehicle from operating in an overload condition. Further, in the Japanese Patent Kokai 62-69925 official gazette, a method is shown using a sensor for detecting the density of grass to be cut in the front part of the working vehicle and detecting (predicting) the work lead condition based on the sensor output, thereby to effectively utilize the engine output and efficiently perform a grass cutting work.
In the working machine wherein the grass cut in a cutter deck is forcibly conveyed by air blasting by a cutter blade or the like, as in the lawn mower using a grass-bag for instance, the cut grass is conveyed by the air flowing in the shooter, and thus there is a problem that the conveying capacity decreases as tile amount of grass to be cut and conveyed increases and the shooter is apt to be jammed with cut grass.
Once a jam phenomenon has occurred, continuation of the mowing work requires an operation for demounting the shooter and cleaning the portion where the jam has occurred, and then replacing the shooter. The work of removing the mowed grass and cleaning is very cumbersome and dirty, and thus is disliked by the worker and largely decreases the working efficiency.
If a jam occurs simply because the amount of grass mowed is too large, the amount of grass mowed can be decreased by automatically raising the level of the cutter deck to increase the mowing height. However, if the mowing height is controlled to increase each time a jam is to occur and decrease when the jam has been dissolved, then the mowing height is uneven and the appearance of the grass after the work or finish of the work becomes poor.
Besides, it has been found that the shooter is not always jammed with mowed grass because of its excessive amount or lead of the mower. For instance, if grass to be cut is wet and cut grass easily sticks to the inner surface of the shooter, or cut grass is conveyed in a lump within the shooter because of disturbance of the air flow, then a jam is often caused. Once a slight jam has occurred to interfere with the air flow within the shooter, it will soon lead to a heavy jam which makes the work impossible.
From the test result by a study for many years, the present inventors found that the jamming in the shooter with cut, grass is not simply due to a great amount of grass mowed, but is due to a decrease in the quantity of air flowing in the shooter as the density of cut grass extremely increases even temporarily, for instance, when the shooter begins to be jammed with cut grass. The inventors accordingly reached the conclusion that, to prevent the jamming of the shooter, it is important to control the density of cut grass passing within the shooter not to exceed a proper value and continue to ensure an optimum air flow quantity for the amount of cut grass to be conveyed.

Apparatus for controlling traveling of mower


A skate boot for enclosing a human foot when in use, the foot having a heel, an ankle with a medial malleolus and a lateral malleolus, an Achilles tendon having an upper part and a lower part that projects outwardly with relation to the upper part, the lower part merging with the heel, a plantar surface, medial and lateral sides and toes. The skate boot comprises an outer shell and a tendon guard affixed to the outer shell. The tendon guard is more flexible than the outer shell such that it allows backwards flexion of the ankle when the foot moves towards full extension.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,260,290 discloses a skate boot comprising quarter medial and lateral portions integrally connected together in a one-piece construction and being folded at a symmetry line to form a U-shaped skate boot structure. The skate boot has a tendon guard secured to the quarter medial and lateral portions at a junction line in a side-by-side fashion thereby resulting in the rear portion of the skate boot having an obtuse angular profile defined by the tendon guard and the quarter medial and lateral portions.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,550,159 discloses a skate boot comprising an articulated cuff for encircling and supporting the ankle of a skater. The articulated cuff is partially inserted in the skate boot and is slidably coupled to the skate boot to permit forward and backward motion of the articulated cuff relative to an axis coinciding approximately with the pivot axis of the ankle of the skater.
The most recent trend in skate boot construction is to manufacture skate boots using lightweight components, and where possible with a reduced number of components.
Accordingly, there is a need in the industry for a lighter skate boot that provides rigidity
Accordingly, there is a need in the industry for a lighter skate boot that provides rigidity around the ankle while allowing backwards flexion of the ankle when the foot of the skater moves towards full extension.


A control system for a hybrid vehicle, in which an engine is connected to a first motor generator and to an output shaft through a power distributing mechanism, in which a second motor generator is connected to the output shaft through a transmission wherein a torque capacity is varied in accordance with an oil pressure, and which has an electric oil pump for generating an oil pressure to set a torque capacity, comprising: a trouble detecting means for detecting a trouble of the electric oil pump; and an internal combustion engine starting means for starting the internal combustion engine in case the trouble is detected by the trouble detecting means.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to a control system for a hybrid vehicle provided with a plurality of prime movers for running a vehicle, and more particularly, to a control system for a hybrid vehicle which has an electric oil pump for generating an oil pressure to set a torque capacity of a power transmission line.
The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-14320 filed on Jan. 22, 2004 including specification, drawings and claims is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
One example of the hybrid vehicle equipped with a "mechanical distribution type drive unit" is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-225578, and a construction thereof will be described briefly hereafter. In the disclosed hybrid vehicle, an engine torque is inputted to a carrier of a single pinion type planetary gear mechanism which constitute a distributing mechanism, a first motor generator is connected to a sun gear, and an output member such as a counter drive gear etc. is connected to a ring gear. A second motor generator is connected to the output member or the ring gear through a transmission. The transmission is capable of switching a gear stage between a direct gear stage in which the entire transmission rotates integrally, and a low gear stage in which an output speed is lower than an input speed. Those gear stages are set by properly operating an engagement mechanism operated by the oil pressure.
The hybrid vehicle of this kind can be run not only by a motive power of an engine and the first motor generator, but also by using a torque outputted from the second motor generator as an assist torque. Otherwise, it is also possible to be run only by an output torque of the second motor generator.
Also, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-230442, there is disclosed one example of a hybrid vehicle, which is constructed to maintain driving of an engine-driven oil pump by detecting a trouble of an electric pump from a cumulative load of the electric oil pump and a racing condition of the engine, and by inhibiting a halt of the engine when the electric oil pump is under abnormal condition.
In order to secure the oil pressure when the engine is halted, in the hybrid vehicle disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-225578, it is conceivable to further provide an electric hydraulic pump which is capable of generating the oil pressure even when the engine is halted, in addition to a hydraulic pump which is driven by the engine.
In case of running this hybrid vehicle by an electric motor, output torque of the electric motor is transmitted to an output shaft through a transmission. However, since an engine is halted, it is necessary to set the transmission to a predetermined torque capacity by feeding an oil pressure from the electric oil pump. Therefore, in case of running the vehicle as an electric vehicle (i.e., EV running) by an electric motor, if the electric oil pump has some sort of trouble so that an output pressure or a discharge amount of the oil pressure is insufficient, the torque capacity of the transmission becomes zero or insufficient. As a result of this, the output of the electric motor cannot be transmitted to the output member, and this may prevent the running of the vehicle. In addition, the system suggested in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-230442 is a system to secure the torque capacity of a transmission for transmitting an engine torque to an output shaft, and this system cannot be applied to hybrid vehicles in which a prime mover other than an engine is connected to the output member through the transmission.


A system for measuring and recording data pertaining to a user's vital signs in response to a single action by the user is provided. The system includes a base unit with a computer system, metallic layers affixed to a first side face and a bottom face of the base unit, an aperture, and a flexible shaft extending from the bottom face of the base, and an extension member pivotably mounted to a second side face of the base unit. The system receives the user's thumb on the metallic layer located on the first side face, index finger between the base unit and the extension member, lips on the bottom face metallic layer and tongue above the flexible shaft to capture the vital signs data and communicate the data to the remote location.

The embodiments herein relate generally to systems for measuring and recording a body's vital signs such as blood oxygen levels, respiratory characteristics, heart electrical signatures (electrocardiography or ECG), heart rate, blood pressure and temperature for health monitoring applications.
Currently there exist several systems that use multiple sensors connected to a single base unit, which is able to collectively measure all vital signs. These integrated units still require a user to connect two or more sensors to a particular location on the body. For example, a conventional pulse oximetry system used for the measurement of blood oxygen comprises a sensor attached to a user's finger, an oral thermometer requires placement under the tongue or arm, an infrared thermometer is placed in the ear canal, an ECG sensor requires two probes placed across the heart, and most blood pressure monitors use either ausculatory or oscillometric methods, which require a cuff to be worn on the user's arm. These systems have limitations because they are bulky or heavily power dependent and/or they require multiple attachments and actions by the user in order to measure and record the vital signs data.
As such, there is a need in the industry for a system that can detect and record all critical vital signs with a single action by the user.

System for measuring and recording a user's vital signs


The energy storage system includes battery cells, a subrack, a backplane, and a battery management system BMS. The subrack reserves a plurality of battery cell slots, the battery cells are connected to the backplane through the battery cell slots. The backplane is installed in the subrack, a first power terminal is reserved at a position corresponding to the battery cell slot on the backplane, and a plug-in power terminal is formed by a second power terminal of the battery cell together with the first power terminal. A power circuit, a sampling circuit, and an equalizer circuit are integrated into the backplane, and the power circuit, the sampling circuit, and the equalizer circuit are connected after the second power terminal is plugged and docked with the first power terminal. The BMS is connected to the backplane for managing the energy storage system.

With the development of lithium-ion battery technologies, lithium-ion batteries have become widely used in fields such as communication power supplies, data centers, microgrid energy storage, and electric vehicles. As processes and techniques mature, capacity of a single battery cell is gradually increasing. At present, large-capacity battery cells in the industry have reached about 300 ampere-hours (Ah). However, this capacity is still small compared with that of lead-acid batteries. Therefore, a plurality of battery cells usually need to be connected in series and parallel in application. At present, when electric vehicles and energy storage use lithium batteries, a usual practice is to first connect battery cells in series and parallel to combine into a standard pack module, and then install the standard pack module into installation space such as an energy storage cabinet, a rack, or an electric vehicle chassis, with power and sampling harnesses separately connected to form a backup power supply system to provide power to the outside.
A communication energy storage application is used as an example. After lithium-ion batteries are screened by specifications, selected batteries are usually connected in series and parallel to form a pack module of 15 to 16 strings (lithium iron phosphate). The pack module contains components such as a sampling harness, a power connection bar, an insulating sheet, and a fixing bracket; then a battery management system (BMS) control board and the pack module are combined into an integrated 48-volt (V) battery product. In practical application, the 48 V battery product is installed in a cabinet with a communication line and a power line connected.
In this solution, battery cells need to be assembled into a pack, and then the pack is combined with a BMS to form a battery module. Therefore, a large quantity of protective and fixing apparatuses need to be configured, thereby increasing costs and production cycles.

HUAWEI DIGITAL POWER TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.


The present invention relates to a bucket for a front-end loader. The bucket comprises a planer back and an elongated relatively narrow bottom panel that projects from the back. Extending upwardly and outwardly from the bottom panel is a pair of opposed triangular shaped sides. The triangular shaped sides and the bottom panel form a generally V-shaped forwardly converging bucket structure.

Buckets for front-end loaders are commonplace and are widely used in various areas of construction, grading and excavation. Typically, buckets of the prior art include what might be referred to as a rectangular opening. Generally, conventional bucket designs feature a pair of vertical side walls and a surrounding interconnecting structure that extends from the lower front cutting edge of the bucket back around to a top area. Such conventional buckets are efficient and effective for certain material handling operations. However, conventional bucket designs do not lend themselves particularly to specialty operations such as landscaping. Further, they are not designed for great maneuverability and are generally incapable of digging relatively small and precise openings in the ground.
While it is true that conventional buckets are used by landscapers, it is generally recognized and appreciated by landscapers and those people working in the landscaping industry that conventional bucket designs are not particularly effective and efficient in everyday landscaping operations. For example, it is quite difficult and time consuming to dig a correct size hole for a pre-dug tree with a conventional front-end loader bucket. In addition, there are other landscaping related jobs that cannot be efficiently carried out with a conventional bucket. For example, trenches are typically dug in the ground for the purpose of installing irrigation lines and pipes. Conventional front-end loader buckets are not designed to handle such operations efficiently.
There have been attempts at providing bucket designs that are particularly suitable for landscaping operations. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,903,418. This patent discloses an elongated concave scoop that is designed to be attached to a front-end loader. This concave scoop design, like a conventional bucket designs, has limited applications. It is not particularly suited for a wide range of landscaping uses and is not suited for light to medium duty grading and excavation. In addition, the fact that the central component of this device entails a concave scoop panel makes the device relatively expensive and difficult to build.
There has been and continues to be a need for a relatively simple and inexpensive bucket design that lends itself to a wide range of landscaping operations and which can also be used in light to medium duty grading and excavation operations.


An image display apparatus includes a hermetic container and an image display member arranged in the hermetic container. The hermetic container is provided with a first substrate, a second substrate arranged to be opposed to the first substrate, and an outer frame arranged between both of the substrates. The first substrate includes an aperture through which an electric power supplying terminal penetrates to the image display member. The aperture is sealed by a sealing member guiding the electric power supplying terminal to an outside of the hermetic container. The sealing member is adhered on a back surface of the first substrate. The back surface is opposite to a surface of the first substrate, on, which the outer frame is arranged. An electroconductive member is arranged between the sealing member and the back surface. The electroconductive member is at predetermined electric potential.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image display apparatus having a structure of deriving a terminal for supplying electric power to an image display member in a hermetic container to the outside of the hermetic container.
2. Related Background Art
A flat display panel having a large screen has attracted people's attention in recent years. The flat display panel has a structure as shown in the schematic sectional view of FIG. 10.
A hermetic container is formed of a face plate 33 equivalent to the side of the surface on which an image is displayed, a rear plate 34 arranged to be opposed to the face plate 33, and a seal bonding member 35 performing the seal bonding of the circumferential portions of the face plate 33 and the rear plate 34. Furthermore, an image display member 36 for an image display is arranged in the hermetic container. Electric power is supplied to such an image display member 36 from the outside through a terminal 37, and an image according to an image signal is displayed thereon. Here, the image display member 36 is provided with a control electrode of a kind according to the display system thereof, such as a control electrode controlling the transmission and the non-transmission of light in a liquid crystal display apparatus, a control electrode controlling plasma excitation in a plasma display apparatus, a control electrode for accelerating electrons in an electron beam display apparatus, or the like.
There is the following display apparatus as an example of a conventional electron beam display apparatus, i.e. the display apparatus which radiates the electrons emitted from an electron source to a phosphor to display an image. A container is composed of a front panel (face plate) having a phosphor screen, and a back panel (rear plate) opposed to the front panel with a small interval between them. The display apparatus composed of an electrode structure having a field emission type cathode arranged to be opposed to the phosphor screen in the container is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H05-114372. Moreover, the Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H05-114372 discloses a structure in which electric power is supplied to a power supply conductive layer of a phosphor screen, which layer is equivalent to the image display member, through a terminal penetrating a hole portion formed on a back panel (rear plate).
Moreover, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-092075 discloses a terminal penetrating a hole portion formed in a rear plate similarly to the electron beam display apparatus disclosed in the Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H05-114372. Furthermore, the Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-092075 discloses a structure in which an electroconductive member which is formed in a ring and arranged around the terminal at predetermined electric potential in order to decrease the damage caused by an abnormal electrical discharge.
Although the electron beam display apparatus described in the Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-092075 adopts a derivation structure of the preferable electric power supplying terminal, which structure can decrease the damage caused by the abnormal electrical discharge, it has been desired to perform still further improvement of the derivation structure of the electric power supplying terminal.


A field and stream boot for traversing rivers, lakes and stream beds, as well as, outdoor trails which includes; an upper construction with a hard heel, a hard toe, an ankle cup, and a metatarsus rigid panel that provide foot protection from outdoor or underwater terrain and obstacles; and an outsole construction where the outsole has peripheral intermittent tread surrounding a heel array of tungsten carbide spikes overlain with felt with the spike protruding through the felt but not below the peripheral intermittent tread, and surrounding a forefoot array of tungsten carbide spikes overlain with felt with the spikes protruding through the felt but not below the peripheral intermittent tread. The tread may be in the form of lugs, cleats or other gripping ribs or ridges.

1. Field
This invention relates to a field and stream wading boot and more particularly to a sole construction of the boot for walking and wading over underwater rocks and moss or algae, climbing in and out of a watercraft, and walking out of the water.
2. State of the Art
The construction and materials used in boots or shoes for various sports are such as to provide adequate traction between the boots or shoes and the surface or terrain on which they are used.
Common cleats of various descriptions which may or may not be removable from the sole of the boot or shoe are used on football shoes, baseball shoes, soccer shoes, etc. Climbing boots with spikes and hobnail shoes are usually for the type of terrain being encountered by persons in outdoor and indoor activities.
In the sole construction of a shoe or boot disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,675,504B granted to Biancucci et. al., the sole has cleats that may be extended or retracted to project beyond the bottom of the sole or retracted into grooves or recesses formed in the sole. In this arrangement the wearers may choose to use spiked or unspiked soles.
Other wading boot designs include interchangeable rubber lugs, felt pads, or steel spiked soles. Thus, it is necessary to change the soles of the boots depending upon what conditions exist in the bed of the stream, river or lake where a fisher person would be wading. This arrangement creates a problem where the underwater bed contain rocks, moss and other underwater growth in various areas making it desirable to change the soles several times while wading in a particular underwater bed. Further, after wading in the water the wearers may want to climb into their watercraft but first must change soles to prevent damage to the watercraft. Likewise it would be unwise to walk on the shoreline with felt or rubber lug soles.


A procedure and a device transmit information in a pulse radar device simultaneously with the ordinary radar function of the pulse radar device. The radar device includes a control unit, a radar transmitter and an antenna. The control unit controls the radar transmitter to generate radar pulses in pulse groups that are transmitted via the antenna. The pulse groups for the ordinary radar function are information coded by position coding by the control unit of the information that is to be transmitted. The pulse groups are position coded by transmitting radar pulses with time displacements relative to their nominal radar pulse positions. Pulses are received and information decoded to thereby recreate, in the form of an information copy, information that has been positions coded and transmitted by a radar device.

This invention concerns a procedure and device for combining the transmission of information and radar function in a radar unit.
The main task of a radar unit is the detection of targets and the measurement of target data. In addition there might be a desire for a radar to be able to transmit information using its radar transmitter and antenna, that is to act as a data link terminal for the transmission of information.
Certain previous attempts to use a radar unit for the transmission of information in addition to its radar function were carried out mainly by using time multiplexing. Time multiplexing involves the radar unit at a certain moment in time working either as its main function as a radar unit or as a data link terminal, but not as both simultaneously.
The American patent U.S. Pat. No. 4,764,769 describes a system for the transmission of data using a radar unit that separates data pulses and radar pulses. The radar pulses are transmitted with a constant pulse repetition interval (PRI) with encoded information transmission in between. The encoded information transmission appears to use the radar pulses as reference timepoints. The aim of U.S. Pat. No. 4,764,769 appears to be the specific transmission of information that is required to remotely-control an unmanned vessel. The method does not appear to be suitable for any other application or for any other type of radar unit. The method impairs the performance of the radar function considerably and is not compatible with Doppler radar.
The British patent application GB 2129644 describes a system where the data encoding converts a binary one to a normal radar pulse and a binary zero to the omission of a radar pulse. This method affects the radar function and is not compatible with Doppler radar.
It can be regarded as a great disadvantage of all the above systems that the normal radar function is impaired when combined with data transmission or information transmission. The transmission of data makes the radar function either impossible or considerably poorer as the above systems work either as a radar system or as a transmission system. In order to improve this situation there have been developments towards systems where the radar unit transmits information at the same time as carrying out its main function as a radar unit.
In the European patent EP 289549 a method is given for the simultaneous transmission of information together with radar function. The method can be described briefly as follows: the transmitted signal is phase-modulated in one of two positions, 0.degree. or 180.degree., where the modulation is controlled by the information that is to be transmitted. When the information is received the phase position is evaluated to extract the transmitted information. Upon the reception of a target echo signal in the radar unit the phase position is reset by phase adjustment (information about the phase position is available from the previously transmitted signal). It can, however, be regarded as a disadvantage of this method that the transmitted signal is phase adjusted before transmission and then phase adjusted again as a target echo signal upon reception. Each signal processing (which is what a phase adjustment is) that the radar signal undergoes can distort the radar signal to a greater or lesser degree in addition to the intended change. This means that the target echo signal can show phase errors and other unwanted distortions due to the two phase adjustments. Certain types of radar such as low PRF pulse Doppler radar (LPD) are dependent upon a correct phase for best performance (PRF=pulse repetition frequency). The method in accordance with EP 289549 is not suitable for medium and high PRF pulse Doppler radar (MPD and HPD) at all, as a radar unit with any of these wave forms cannot distinguish target echo signals originating from different transmission pulses on account of the distance ambiguity. This problem can also arise using LPD with so-called second-time-round echoes. The method in accordance with EP 289549 therefore involves a deterioration of the performance of the radar unit.
A major problem with previous solutions for the transmission of information using a radar unit is thus being able to carry this out without at the same time impairing the performance of the radar function. Either the information transmission takes up valuable radar function time, that is to say the more information that is to be sent, the less time there is available for the radar function, or the information transmission impairs the performance of the radar function by distorting the radar signal in a way that is detrimental to the radar function.

Procedure and device for the control of a radar unit


An optical detector module includes a carrier, a photodetector secured to a top surface of the carrier and having a light detecting portion, an anode terminal, and a cathode terminal, an amplifier circuit secured to the top surface of the carrier and having a first edge, an input terminal, and a GND terminal. The input terminal and the GND terminal are located along the first edge. A first wire connects the anode terminal to the input terminal, and to a composite component secured to the top surface of the carrier and having a metal portion and a resistive portion integrated together. The metal portion is in contact with the carrier. A capacitor, having a top surface electrode and a bottom surface electrode is secured to the carrier.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical receiver module for use, e.g., in optical fiber communications, etc.
2. Background Art
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2012-169478 discloses an optical receiver module including a photodetector. This optical receiver module has a resistor and a capacitor which are connected in series between the cathode terminal of the photodetector and the device carrier. The anode terminal of the photodetector is wire-connected to an amplifier circuit. The GND terminal of the amplifier circuit is wire-connected to the device carrier.
The above resistor serves to attenuate resonance resulting from the reflection at the input terminal of the amplifier circuit. The above capacitor serves to reduce variations in the bias voltage.
In order to stabilize the GND potential of the amplifier circuit of such an optical receiver module, it is important to reduce the length of the wire electrically connected between the GND terminal of the amplifier circuit and the carrier. However, the above disclosed optical receiver module is configured in such a manner that the wire connected between the GND terminal of the amplifier circuit and the carrier is long, resulting in an inability to stabilize the GND potential of the amplifier circuit.
Further, one known method for stabilizing the high frequency characteristics of an optical receiver module is to connect a resistance and a capacitor in series between the cathode terminal of the photodetector and the carrier. This means, however, that an electrical path (or circuit) is formed which extends from the input terminal of the amplifier circuit, through the photodetector, the resistance, the capacitor, and the carrier (GND), back to the input terminal of the amplifier circuit. The bandwidth of the optical receiver module is limited by the length of this electrical path. Therefore, in order to increase the bandwidth of the optical receiver module, it is important to reduce the length of this electrical path.
However, the components mounted on the carrier have a predetermined minimum size (e.g., 0.25 mm square), and furthermore a certain space must be provided between adjacent components to accommodate the positional tolerance of the components. These requirements result in an increase in the length of the above electrical path.


The present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition for multi-stage release of psychoactive substances including cannabinoids. The pharmaceutical composition comprises two or more staged compositions having different release profiles or different release time such that the one or more active agents in each of the two or more staged compositions are released into the subject's blood stream at different time points.

Food products containing edible cannabis extract have emerged as a popular and lucrative facet of the legalized market for both recreational and medicinal cannabis. The many formulations of cannabis extracts used in edibles present a unique regulatory challenge for policy makers. Although edibles are often considered a safe, discreet, and effective means of attaining the therapeutic and/or intoxicating effects of cannabis without exposure to the potentially harmful risks of cannabis smoking, there has been limited research evaluating how ingestion differs from other methods of cannabis administration in terms of therapeutic efficacy, subjective effects, and safety. The most prominent difference between ingestion and inhalation as routes of administration for cannabis extracts and many other psychoactive plant preparations (e.g., psilocybin-containing fungi) is the delayed onset of drug-effect with ingestion. Uninitiated consumers often do not understand or expect this and may consume a greater than intended amount of the active drug before the drug has taken effect, which can result in profoundly physical or psychological adverse effects.
Accordingly, there is a need to develop cannabinoid compositions having improved, better controlled bioavailability. The compositions disclosed herein satisfy the need in the art.

Multi-stage release cannabinoid compositions


A method and apparatus for hot swapping and bus extension without data corruption. During the hot swapping of a circuit board in a bus, the bus is extended onto or retracted from the circuit board in a manner which does not corrupt the data on the bus. The extension or retraction of the bus is detected and a bus reset is asserted interrupting and preventing transactions on the bus. The bus reset is asserted for a minimum amount of time to allow the bus to stabilize after the hot swap. A bus extension/retraction detection component and a bus reset component perform these functions.

The current invention relates to maintaining the integrity of data on a bus during the installation and removal of a circuit board in a system and the extension and retraction of the bus during live bus activity.
Hot swapping is the insertion or removal of a circuit board in a system without powering down the whole system. Generally, it requires that all bus activity be stopped before allowing the hot swap to take place. Therefore, the user must force all applications using the bus to cease transactions, swap the board, and then restart the transactions. Some devices can be hot-swapped without quieting the bus, but, most of these devices are relatively simple, accessing the bus only in one place and appearing as short xe2x80x9cstubsxe2x80x9d on the bus. For boards having multiple devices on them, the bus must be extended onto or retracted from the board during the hot swap. For such boards, hot swapping while the bus is active will likely cause data corruption with potentially catastrophic consequences.
Some hot swap schemes employ mechanical, electrical, and electro-mechanical means to allow circuit board insertion and extraction. Likewise, many hot swap schemes use staggered pin lengths to control power connection and disconnection and circuitry to connect and disconnect output drives from control and signal buses. None of these hot swap schemes takes into account the extension or retraction of the bus onto or from the circuit board during the hot swap, nor do they allow bus activity during hot-swapping or prevent data corruption due to the instability of the bus during this extension or retraction.
The invention is a method and apparatus that allows for bus extension or retraction when hot-swapping a circuit board into an enclosure with the power on and an active bus. More definitively, it allows the active bus to be extended onto the circuit board being installed without data corruption. With the bus extended onto the circuit board, multiple devices on the circuit board can access the bus. Moreover, in a dual controller enclosure, with two redundant controller boards, data being passed on the 1st channel corresponding to one of the controller boards does not have to be stopped while the other controller board is being replaced due to failure. Therefore, the invention allows for the bus to be extended or retracted without a user having to go through the extra steps of stopping all device activity before swapping hardware.
When the bus is extended from a mid-plane in an enclosure, the mid-plane bus terminator is turned off, the bus extends onto the circuit board, and bus terminators on the end of the board are turned on. If the bus is active, however, this can cause data corruption. Accordingly, the invention enforces a bus reset upon detecting the extension of the bus which stops device activity until the bus terminators on the end of the board are fully active and the associated mid-plane terminators are inactive. Once the bus terminators on the end of the board are fully active, the bus is stable, and the bus reset is de-asserted. This allows device activity to resume on the bus. When the bus is retracted from the board onto the midplane, a similar process takes place, with the terminators being turned off and turned on in the opposite order. A bus reset is similarly asserted and de-asserted once the midplane bus terminator is fully active.
The preferred apparatus comprises a bus extension/retraction detection component and a bus reset assertion component. These components perform the bus extension/retraction detection and bus reset assertion and de-assertion steps of the preferred method. In an embodiment, these components are located on the controller boards in a dual controller enclosure so that the controller boards monitor each other for hot-swapping.
In a preferred embodiment, the bus extension/retraction detection component detects the bus extension or retraction by receiving as inputs the states of the longest set of pins and the shortest set of pins from the board being hot swapped. The only time the inputs of both the longest set and shortest set of pins are high is when the board is either being inserted or extracted from the system, i.e., during the extension/retraction of the bus.
In a preferred embodiment, the bus reset assertion component outputs the reset signal through a series of Schmitt trigger inverters with a RC combination that acts to extend the pulse at the output of the second inverter. The RC combination is configured to extend the pulse for sufficient time to allow the second bus terminator to fully activate, and thus, for the bus to stabilize.
The bus reset assertion component is interfaced with the bus to produce the appropriate type of output signal required by the bus devices. For example, in a preferred embodiment the interface produces an open-collector output. In another embodiment, the output is a differential output.

Method and apparatus for hot swapping and bus extension without data corruption


The optical disc apparatus comprises a convergence lens 12, a light detection device 14 for outputting a first and a second detection signals after detecting reflected optical beam area by area, an actuator 13 for shifting the convergence lens 12, a gain balance circuit 30 for changing a gain balance of the first and the second detection signals, an addition circuit 123 for outputting the addition signal AS after adding the first detection signal to the second detection signal in response to the shift in lens position and the change in gain balance made by the gain balance circuit 30 and the actuator 13, and an addition signal measurement unit 361 and a gain balance adjustment unit 362 operable to obtain the addition signal AS from the addition circuit 123, specify the gain balance that equalizes the detection sensitivities in the respective areas of the light detection device 14 based on the obtained result, and control the gain balance circuit 30 that realizes the determined gain balance.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a control signal generation circuit for generating a control signal needed to correctly record information on an optical disc using light of, for example, a laser, or correctly play back the information recorded on an optical disc, a control device for performing an optical control using a control signal, and an optical disc apparatus that is equipped with the control signal generation circuit and the control device, and records and plays back the information on an optical disc.
(2) Description of the Related Art
An optical disc apparatus for performing a tracking control has been conventionally proposed. (For example, refer to Japanese Laid-Open Patent application No. 5-151592.)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of the above-mentioned conventional optical disc apparatus.
The above-mentioned conventional optical disc apparatus adjusts gain balance according to the symmetry of a tracking error signal which will be mentioned later, and adjusts the lens position so as to reduce jitters to a minimum. The optical disc apparatus comprises an optical pick up 10, a control signal generation circuit 20, LPF 22 and 24, both of which consist of a lowpass filter, a digital signal processor 40 (called "DSP" from here), and a driving circuit 2.
The optical pick up 10 irradiates a converged optical beam 11 on a track of the information recording surface of an optical disc 1 and receives the reflection light. The optical pick up 10 comprises a laser radiation element (not shown as a figure) for outputting the optical beam 11, a convergence lens 12 for converging the optical beam 11, an actuator 13 for shifting the convergence lens 12 in the tracking direction, and a light detection device 14 for receiving and detecting the reflection light. The "tracking direction" used here means the direction for traversing the tracks on the information recording surface of the optical disc 1, that is, the diameter direction of the optical disc 1.
Also, the light receiving area of the light detection device 14 is divided into two in the tracking direction. A detection unit 14a corresponding to one of the areas divided into two detects inside of the reflection light (the inner radius of the optical disc 1), and a detection unit 14b corresponding to the other area detects outside of the reflection light (the outer radius of the optical disc 1). After that, the detection units 14a and 14b output the detected result respectively as a detection signal to the control signal generation circuit 20.
The control signal generation circuit 20 outputs a tracking error signal TE and an addition signal AS1 by performing a signal processing on the detected signals from the detection units 14a and 14b, and comprises a gain balance circuit 30, a subtraction circuit 21 and addition circuit 23.
The gain balance circuit 30 consists of a gain circuit 30a for amplifying the detection signal outputted from the detection unit 14a and a gain circuit 30b for amplifying the detection signal outputted from the detection unit 14b. Also, the gain balance circuit 30 increases or decreases respective gains of the gain circuits 30a and 30b independently based on the control from DSP40, and changes the gain balance of the detection signals from the detection units 14a and 14b. The gain balance used here indicates the ratio of the gain in the gain circuit 30a to the gain in the gain circuit 30b.
The subtraction circuit 21 calculates the output difference between the gain circuits 30a and 30b, and outputs the result as a tracking error signal TE.
The addition circuit 23 calculates the addition result of the detected signals from the detection units 14a and 14b, and outputs the result as an addition signal AS1.
The DSP 40 adjusts the gain balance of the gain balance circuit 30 of the control signal generation circuit 20 based on the tracking error signal TE outputted via LPF22 from the control signal generation circuit 20 and the addition signal AS1 outputted via LPF24 from the control signal generation circuit 20, adjusts the lens position of the convergence lens 12 of the optical pick up 10, and performs a tracking control.
This DSP 40 comprises A/D converters 41 and 51, an auto gain control unit 52 (called "AGC" from here), an offset adjustment unit 42, a gain adjustment unit 43, a tracking control unit 44, a symmetry detection unit 61, a balance adjustment unit 62, an amplitude detection unit 71, a lens position adjustment unit 72, a lens position setting unit 45 and a D/A converter 46.
The A/D converter 41 converts the tracking error signal TE from analog to digital and outputs the signal to the offset adjustment unit 42, while the A/D converter 51 converts the addition signal AS1 from analog to digital and outputs the signal to the AGC unit 52.
The offset adjustment unit 42 detects the offset factor which occurs in the circuit to the tracking error signal TE under the condition where no spot of reflection light is found by the light detection device 14, for example, when the laser radiation element is off or the focus of the convergence lens 12 is taken away from the information recording surface of the optical disc 1. The offset adjustment unit 42 also adds an offset appropriate to the factor to the tracking error signal TE, and outputs the addition result.
The AGC unit 52 specifies the gain of the tracking error signal TE according to the addition signal AS1 outputted from the A/D converter 51 to the gain adjustment unit 43.
The gain adjustment unit 43 adjusts the gain of the output from the offset adjustment unit 42 (the tracking error signal TE) according to the above-mentioned instruction from the AGC unit 52.
The tracking control unit 44, on obtaining the tracking error signal TE outputted from the gain adjustment unit 43, calculates the tracking driving value by filter operation for performing phase compensation or low frequency compensation, and outputs the tracking control signal showing the tracking driving value to the lens position setting unit 45.
The amplitude detection unit 71, on obtaining the tracking error signal TE outputted from the offset adjustment unit 42, detects the amplitude and outputs the detected result to the lens position adjustment unit 72.
The lens position adjustment unit 72 specifies the optimum lens position of the convergence lens 12 so that the reflection light that passes through the convergence lens 12 can be received by the detection units 14a and 14b evenly in space, and outputs, to the lens position setting unit 45, a lens position adjustment signal for adjusting the lens position of the convergence lens 12 to the determined lens position.
The lens position setting unit 45 adds the tracking control signal from the tracking control unit 44 to the lens position adjustment signal from the lens position adjustment unit 72 and outputs the addition result as the tracking driving signal to the D/A converter 46.
The D/A converter 46 converts the tracking driving signal from the lens position setting unit 45 from digital to analog and then outputs the signal to the driving circuit 2.
The symmetry detection unit 61, on obtaining the tracking error signal TE from the offset adjustment unit 42, detects the symmetry of the tracking error signal TE and outputs the result to the balance adjustment unit 62.
The balance adjustment unit 62, on obtaining the detected result of the symmetry detection unit 61, changes the gain balance of the gain balance circuit 30 to the optimum gain balance so as to equalizes the outputs from the gain circuits 30a and 30b when the detection units 14a and 14b receive the same amount of light based on the detected result.
The driving circuit 2, on obtaining the tracking driving signal outputted from the DSP 40, drives the actuator 13 of the optical pick up 10 by amplifying the current of the tracking driving signal and outputting the signal.
In this way, the convergence lens 12 of the optical pick up 10 is shifted in the tracking direction in a way that the spot of the optical beam 11 can follow the tracks of the optical disc 1 making the lens position determined by the lens position adjustment unit 72 the center.
The conventional optical disc apparatus like this adjusts the lens position of the convergence lens 12 to the optimum lens position (lens position adjustment) first, and adjusts the gain of the balance circuit 30 in the control signal generation circuit 20 to the above-mentioned optimum gain balance (gain balance adjustment). After the lens position adjustment and the gain balance adjustment are performed, the optical disc apparatus plays back the information recorded on the information recording surface of the optical disc 1 performing a tracking control.
Here, the above-mentioned lens position adjustment and gain balance adjustment will be explained in detail respectively.
As the convergence lens 12 deviates from the center position (the above-mentioned optimum lens position) of the light detection device 14 in the initial state, the spot of the reflection light forms an image deviating from the light detection device 14. A deviation of the lens position like this may occur because of the inclination of the optical axis of a lens triggered by the setting error of optical parts inside the optical disc apparatus or because of the self weight of the convergence lens 12 depending on the setting condition of the optical disc apparatus. For example, when the optical disc apparatus is vertically set (the optical disc apparatus is set in a way that the convergence lens 12 is set vertically), the convergence lens 12 hangs over in the vertical direction because of its self weight, and the convergence lens 12 shifts far away from the center position in the initial state.
Therefore, as to the lens position adjustment, the lens position of the convergence lens 12 is adjusted so as to equalize the spot sizes of reflection light received by the detection units 14a and 14b of the optical pick up 10.
More specifically, the lens position adjustment unit 72 of the DSP 40 shifts the convergence lens 12 in the tracking direction within the predetermined range, and obtains the results at the respective lens positions detected by the amplitude detection unit 71. The amplitude detection unit 71 of the DSP 40 calculates the difference (TEmax-TEmin) between the maximum level (TEmax) and the minimum level (TEmin) of the tracking error signal TE outputted from the offset adjustment unit 42 at the respective lens positions of the convergence lens 12, obtains the TE amplitude, and outputs this as the detected result to the lens position adjustment unit 72.
FIG. 2 is an illustration showing the tracking error signal TE and the TE amplitude when the convergence lens 12 is set at the predetermined lens position.
As shown in this FIG. 2, the amplitude detection unit 71 obtains the tracking error signal TE that repeatedly fluctuates as time passes, and obtains the TE amplitude from the difference between the maximum level (TEmax) and the minimum level (TEmin).
And, the lens position adjustment unit 72 specifies the lens position where the TE amplitude becomes maximum as the optimum position.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relation between the lens position of the convergence lens 12 and the TE amplitude.
As shown in this FIG. 3, the TE amplitude changes depending on the lens position of the convergence lens 12, and the TE amplitude is the maximum value at the predetermined lens position.
The lens position adjustment unit 72 stores TE amplitudes at respective lens positions, for example, A, B, C, D, and E which are points shown in FIG. 3, specifies the lens position where the TE amplitude is maximum (the lens position shown as point D) as the above-mentioned optimum lens position, and outputs a lens position adjustment signal that makes it possible to shift the convergence lens 12 to the lens position.
Consequently, the driving circuit 2 that obtains the lens position adjustment signal like this through the lens position setting unit 45 and the D/A converter 46 drives the actuator 13 based on the lens position adjustment signal and shifts the convergence lens 12 to the determined lens position. In this way, the lens position adjustment is performed.
Next, the gain balance adjustment will be explained.
The detection sensitivities of detection units 14a and 14b of the light detection device 14 are rarely equal to each other for manufacturing reasons, in other words, they are usually different from each other. Therefore, when the gain balance adjustment is not performed, in other words, gains of the gain circuits 30a and 30b are made to be equal to each other, an offset is needed for the tracking error signal TE because of the output difference between the detection units 14a and 14b.
Therefore, the symmetry detection unit 61 and the balance adjustment unit 62 of the DSP 40 perform the gain balance adjustment so that the offset factor for the above-mentioned tracking error signal TE can be removed.
More specifically, the symmetry detection unit 61 adds the maximum level of the tracking error signal TE (TEmax) to the minimum level of the tracking error signal TE (TEmin), and outputs the addition result (TEmax+TEmin) to the balance adjustment unit 62. And, the balance adjustment unit 62 changes the gains of the gain circuits 30a and 30b of the gain balance circuit 30 so that the addition result by the symmetry detection unit 61 becomes "0", in other words, the tracking error signal TE has a wave form symmetrical in the positive and negative directions, and adjusts the gain balance of the gain balance circuit 30. In this way, the gain balance adjustment is performed.
A series of operations of the above-mentioned conventional optical disc apparatus like this will be explained with reference to FIG. 4.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the operation of the above-mentioned conventional optical disc apparatus.
First, the lens position adjustment unit 72 drives the actuator 13 by controlling the driving circuit 2 and sets the lens position of the convergence lens 12 at x1 (step S900).
Next, the amplitude detection unit 71 obtains the tracking error signal TE when the convergence lens 12 is set on the lens position x1 (step S902) and detects the TE amplitude w1 (step S904).
The lens position adjustment unit 72 sets lens positions of the convergence lens 12 at x2, x3, . . . xn in order by controlling the driving circuit 2 and detects the TE amplitudes w2, w3, . . . wn (steps S900˜S906) by repeatedly executing the operations of the above-mentioned steps from S902 to S904 on the respective lens positions x2, x3, . . . xn.
Next, the lens position adjustment unit 72 specifies, for example, the lens position x5 corresponding to the TE amplitude w5 with the maximum TE amplitude out of the detected TE amplitudes w1, w2, w3, . . . wn as the optimum lens position (step S908) and outputs the lens position adjustment signal that makes the lens position of the convergence lens 12 x5. In this way, the driving circuit 2 drives the actuator 13 based on the lens position adjustment signal and adjusts the lens position of the convergence lens 12 to the determined lens position x5 (step S910).
A lens position adjustment is performed by the operation in the steps from S900 to S910.
The symmetry detection unit 61 and the balance adjustment unit 62 obtains the tracking error signal TE (step S912), detects the symmetry of the tracking error signal TE (step S914) and sets the gain balance of the gain balance circuit 30 at the optimum gain balance in a way that the difference between the maximum level of the tracking error signal TE (TEmax) and the minimum level of the tracking error signal TE (TEmin) becomes "0" (step S916).
The gain balance adjustment is performed by the operation in the steps from S912 to S916.
Next, when information reading or writing is performed on the optical disc 1, the tracking control unit 44 obtains the tracking error signal TE via the gain adjustment unit 43 and outputs the tracking control signal corresponding to the tracking error signal TE. In this way, the optical disc apparatus performs a tracking control that makes the beam spot of the optical beam 11 follow the tracks of the optical disc 1 (step S918).
In this way, the gain balance of the above-mentioned conventional optical disc apparatus needs to be pre-adjusted after the lens position adjustment is performed.
However, the gain balance of the above-mentioned conventional optical disc apparatus is not adjusted when the lens position adjustment is performed. Therefore, there is a case where the TE amplitude becomes big when the convergence lens 12 shifts to either of the detection unit 14a or 14b of the light detection device 14 with a bigger detection sensitivity, consequently, it becomes impossible to accurately perform a lens position adjustment. Also, even when the detection sensitivities of the respective detection units 14a and 14b are equal to each other at the time of performing a lens position adjustment, many errors are included in the TE amplitudes detected by finding the peak from the tracking error signal TE shown in FIG. 2, also, many errors are included in the lens positions specified from the relations between the TE amplitudes and lens positions shown in FIG. 3, thus it is impossible to accurately perform a lens position adjustment.
The above-mentioned conventional optical disc apparatus cannot accurately perform a lens position adjustment because it performs a tracking control under the condition where the lens position deviates from a right position, which brings a problem that it is impossible to realize a stable tracking control because of the lens position deviation.
Also, the above-mentioned conventional optical disc apparatus cannot accurately perform a gain balance adjustment either when it cannot accurately perform a lens position adjustment mentioned above because it adjusts the gain balance under the condition where the lens position is adjusted.
In other words, the above-mentioned conventional optical disc apparatus performs a tracking control under the condition where the gain balance deviates because it cannot accurately perform the gain balance adjustment, which brings a problem that it cannot realize a stable tracking control because of the gain balance deviation.
Further, in the above-mentioned conventional optical disc apparatus, the addition signal AS1 is the addition result of the detected signals outputted from the detection units 14a and 14b. As the addition signal AS1 changes as the lens position of the convergence lens 12 shifts depending on the difference of sensitivities between the detection units 14a and 14b and the gain of the tracking error signal TE is changed according to the addition signal AS1, performing a tracking control that shifts the lens position further causes a problem of making the tracking control more unstable.

Optical disc apparatus, control device and control signal generation circuit

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


A lens device has a stationary frame, a movable frame supported by said stationary frame so as to be movable in a first direction, a first drive device disposed between said stationary frame and said movable frame to drive said movable frame in a first direction, a lens holding frame to hold a lens element and support said movable frame so as to be movable in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and a second drive device disposed between said movable frame and said lens holding frame to drive said lens holding frame in a second direction, said movable frame, lens holding frame, and stationary frame being sequential in the direction parallel to the optical axis of said lens element.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a lens device, and specifically relates to a lens device capable of holding a lens so as to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis.
2. Description of the Related Art
Heretofore, there have been various types of proposed optical devices provided with a vibration isolating device to correct the image forming position by moving a stated vibration proof lens included in said optical system in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis in accordance with vibration so as to prevent image deterioration generated by vibration of the optical device via unsteady hands or the like.
Normally, in vibration isolating devices constructed so as to move the aforesaid stated vibration proof lens in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, a movable frame must be driven in a first direction perpendicular to the optical axis relative to a stationary frame, and a lens holding frame which holds said vibration proof lens must be driven in a second direction perpendicular to the optical axis relative to said movable frame. When such a construction is used, the vibration proof lens can be moved independently in said first direction perpendicular to the optical axis and said second direction perpendicular to the optical axis.
Proposed construction of vibration proof lenses include a construction wherein three frames comprising a stationary frame, movable frame, and vibration proof lens holding frame are arranged in the direction of a plane intersecting the optical axis, i.e., a construction wherein a movable frame is arranged within a stationary frame and a lens holding frame is arranged within said movable frame as disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 3- 186823. Another proposed construction includes three frames stacked in the direction of the optical axis as disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 4-18515.
The former construction disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 3-186823, however, is disadvantageous insofar as the diameter of the vibration isolating lens device, i.e., the dimension of the vibration proof lens in a direction intersecting the optical axis of the vibration proof lens, is increased due to the arrangement of the three frames in the direction of a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
The latter construction disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 4-18515, on the other hand, is disadvantageous insofar as the dimension of the vibration isolating lens device is increased in the optical axis direction although the dimension is reduced in the diameter direction of the vibration proof lens due to the stacking of the frames in the direction of the optical axis.

Lens movable in a perpendicular direction to the optical axis


Provided is an apparatus and a system. The apparatus, in one embodiment, includes a chassis having one or more slots configured to hold circuit boards and a plenum coupled to the chassis. The apparatus, in this embodiment, further includes a fan assembly coupled to the plenum and configured to provide an airflow therethrough, and servo dampers associated with the one or more slots and configured to allocate a portion of the airflow to associated air paths.

Various industry efforts have been directed to defining a standardized, modular telecommunications equipment solution. A leading standard resulting from one of these endeavors is the Advanced Telecommunications Architecture (also referred to as AdvancedTCA). The AdvancedTCA standard defines an open switch fabric based platform delivering an industry standard high performance, fault tolerant, and scalable solution for next generation telecommunications and data center equipment. The development of the AdvancedTCA standard is being carried out within the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group (PICMG)—the same group that created the highly successful Compact PCI standard. The Advanced TCA base specification defines the physical and electrical characteristics of an off-the-shelf, modular chassis based on switch fabric connections between hot-swappable circuit boards (e.g., blades). The Advanced TCA base specification supports multiple fabric connections, including the Ethernet, InfiniBand, PCI Express, and RapidIO.
The AdvancedTCA base specification defines the chassis (e.g., shelf) and board form factors, core backplane fabric connectivity, power, cooling, management interfaces, and the electromechanical specification of the AdvancedTCA-compliant boards. The AdvancedTCA base specification also defines a power budget of 200-400 Watts (W) per board, enabling high performance servers with multi-processor architectures and multi gigabytes of on-board memory, Digital Signal Processor pools, Packet processors, and storage arrays.
The PICMG organization has performed extensive thermal modeling in order to design the AdvancedTCA board and chassis form factors to support up to 200 W power dissipation per board slot. Other form factors (for example MicroTCA) have different cooling limits per module. In a typical implementation, the chassis uses conventional air cooling, with blowers pulling air from front-bottom to top-rear. Mechanical fans are typically the element with the lowest MTBF (mean time between failure), and thus thermal designs incorporate sufficient overhead to accommodate a failed blower. In view of the rigid board and chassis form factors defined by the AdvancedTCA base specification, problems in achieving sufficient cooling for certain specific high-power components (e.g., processors) exist—since the majority of the cooling capability will be consumed by such specific components, as opposed to equally across all of the components in the chassis.
Accordingly, what is needed in the art is an apparatus or system configured to dissipate greater amounts of heat per board in a given chassis (e.g., an AdvancedTCA chassis).

Servo damper control of airflow within an electronics chassis


There is provided a compact printed circuit board. The compact printed circuit board has a flexible rigid printed circuit board connector with a rigid printed circuit board attached at each end of the connector. The printed circuit board can then be folded into a compact, overlying configuration. As such, the compact printed circuit board has a smaller footprint than a standard rectangular printed circuit board, while maintaining the same or having increased micro-electronics and functionality. The compact configuration allows the folded printed circuit board to be integrated with a solenoid used in the control of a valve or sprinkler of an irrigation system.

Irrigation systems are primarily used in the monitoring and controlling of watering of vegetation, such as landscapes, gardens, golf courses, municipal parks, and sports venues. Irrigation systems include valves, wires, pipes, sensors, controllers, and water emission devices (e.g., sprinklers, drip emitters, and dripline). Modern day irrigation systems use integrated circuits to facilitate communication between various aspects of an irrigation system, such as between a controller and a solenoid.
Valves are typically controlled electronically by a solenoid. Valves can be standalone valves that control flow through the irrigation piping or can be integrated into the sprinklers so that water flow is controlled at the sprinkler. Solenoids are typically wired to a controller, and the power and signal to actuate them is transmitted via the wires. In some cases, the wires are attached to a printed circuit board on or near a solenoid. The controllers include schedules that communicate through the wires to the printed circuit board connected to the solenoid to turn on and off the valves for controlling irrigation. In some instances, the printed circuit board can decode the signal to determine whether the signal is for that particular solenoid. If it is, watering is enabled, and if not, then the signal is ignored.
Printed circuit boards contain micro-electronics required for enabling functionality at a valve. Printed circuit boards can often be relatively large to accommodate the requisite micro-electronics. Printed circuit boards have been housed near or on a solenoid in an enclosure. It is desired to have a more compact configuration for the printed circuit board without sacrificing the functionality and being able to add additional performance capabilities. Such a compactified printed circuit board results in easier association of the printed circuit board with a solenoid.


Certain embodiments of the present invention disclose an implant with electrode line connections for the connection of intracardial and/or epicardial electrode lines, wherein the electrode line connections have together at least three electrical contacts of which at least one is associated with a right-ventricular electrode and another is associated with a left-ventricular electrode, an impedance determining unit (IMP) which has a current or voltage source (I) and a measuring device (U) for a corresponding voltage or current measurement operation, which is connected to the electrical contacts and possibly a housing electrode of the implant, in such a way as to afford a tri- or quadrupolar impedance measuring arrangement which includes exclusively ventricular electrodes and in addition possibly the housing electrode, wherein the impedance measuring arrangement produces impedance measurement values and is connected to an evaluation unit (EVAL) and the evaluation unit (EVAL) is adapted to ascertain a minimum of the impedance measurement values within a first time window (defined relative to a ventricular event) as end-diastolic impedance (EDZ) and a maximum of the impedance measurement values within a second time window as end-systolic impedance (ESZ).

Certain implants are known in the form of cardiac pacemakers, for example from WO 00/78391 or U.S. Ser. No. 2001/0012953.
Hemodynamic parameters are ascertained at present by means of echocardiography, by way of thorax impedance cardiography, by means of thermodilution catheters or with invasive pressure measurement procedures during electrophysiological investigations. Those processes require a high level of clinical complication and expenditure. For research purposes, pacemakers are sometimes implanted, which implement ventricular pressure measurement procedures by means of a sensor which is integrated into a stimulation electrode line. That means that special electrode lines are required for such a device.

Intracardial impedance measuring arrangement


A ring accessory for a firearm, such as a pistol or a long gun, includes an upper portion configured to attach to a frame of the firearm beneath a barrel and forward of a trigger guard. A vertical portion extends vertically downward from the upper portion, and a horizontal portion is connected to the vertical portion, extending horizontally therefrom toward the trigger guard. The vertical portion and the horizontal portion, together, define a horizontally-elongated aperture configured to be gripped by two or more fingers of a non-shooting hand of a user, with the two or more fingers extending horizontally therethrough, and with a palm of the non-shooting hand supporting the firearm from beneath the horizontal portion. A method for holding a firearm by a person using a compact shooting stance is also provided.

Many different handgrips exist for holding firearms, such as pistols and rifles. Pistols typically use a single handgrip located just behind a trigger. Long guns, such as rifles and shotguns, typically use a forward handgrip located forward of the trigger for supporting the firearm with a non-shooting hand in a cradle position.


Process for making polyamine-epihalohydrin resin products having very low levels of epihalohydrin or epihalohydrin hydrolyzates, particularly useful in papermaking, which includes, amongst other features, producing a polyamine-epihalohydrin polymer in aqueous solution, terminating the reaction by cooling, adjusting the pH of the polyamine-epihalohydrin solution to from about 7.5 to about 11 and concurrently heating the solution to about 35 to about 50.degree. C., and contacting the aqueous solution with selected microorganisms or an enzyme, and deactivating or removing the enzymes or microbes, cooling to about 20.degree. C. and stabilizing the composition by adjusting the pH to about 2.0 to 5.0 by the addition of acid.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process for making polyamine-epihalohydrin resin products having very low levels of residual epihalohydrin hydrolyzates with very high wet strength effectiveness.
2. Background and Material Information
Polyamine-epihalohydrin resins are cationic thermosetting materials used to increase the wet strength of papers. Often these materials contain large quantities of epihalohydrin hydrolysis products arising from the synthetic step (i.e., the reaction to produce the resin).
Commercial papermaking operations utilize paper wet strengthening formulations which comprise such cationic thermosetting polymers. In the papermaking process, waste material is frequently disposed of in landfills, etc. It is desirable to reduce the organohalogen content of such wastes to as low a level as possible. This waste is a substantially solid mass of material which is exposed to the environment. The exposure of the waste to the environment results in the selection of microorganisms which feed on the components in the waste. It is known that there are microorganisms which feed on the organohalogen compounds in the solid waste.
In the papermaking process the epichlorohydrin hydrolysis products arising from the synthetic step in the manufacture of polyamine-epichlorohydrin resins, are released into the environment in the water used to make paper, or into the air by evaporation during the paper drying step, or into the paper itself or a combination of these events. It is desirable to reduce and control these emissions into the environment to as low a level as possible.
Wet strength compositions which contain large quantities of epihalohydrin and/or epihalohydrin hydrolysis products display high wet strength effectiveness compared to similar products made using diminished or low quantities of epihalohydrin. Thus, there is a need to retain high wet strength effectiveness but also to reduce substantially the large quantities of undesirable halogenated by-products in the wet strength composition.
Several ways of reducing the quantities of epihalohydrin hydrolysis products have been devised. Reduction in the quantity of epihalohydrin used in the synthetic step is an alternative taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,171,795. A longer reaction time results. Control over the manufacturing process is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,017,642 to yield compositions of reduced concentration of hydrolysis products.
Reduction in the amount of epihalohydrin used is effective in reducing epihalohydrin and epihalohydrin hydrolysis products in the wet strength composition but has the undesirable side effect of reducing wet strength performance in proportion to the reduction in epihalohydrin used. Therefore, conventional wisdom dictates that reduction in the amount of epihalohydrin employed in the polymerization reaction is to be avoided or else high wet strength effectiveness of such resins will be sacrificed.
Post-synthetic treatments may be used. U.S. Pat. No. 5,256,727 teaches that reacting the epihalohydrin and its hydrolysis products with dibasic phosphate salts or alkanolamines in equimolar proportions converts the chlorinated organic compounds into non-chlorinated species. To do this it is necessary to conduct a second reaction step for at least 3 hours, which adds significantly to costs and generates quantities of unwanted organic materials in the wet strength composition. In compositions containing large amounts of epihalohydrin and epihalohydrin hydrolysis products (e.g., about 1-6% by weight of the composition), the amount of organic material formed is likewise present in undesirably large amounts.
WO 92/22601 teaches that halogenated by-products can be removed from products containing high levels of halogenated by-products as well as low levels of halogenated by-products by the use of ion exchange resins. However, it is clear from the data presented that there are significant yield losses in wet strength composition and a reduction in wet strength effectiveness.
It is known that nitrogen-free organohalogen-containing compounds can be converted to a relatively harmless substance. For example, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, 1-chloro-2,3-propanediol, and epichlorohydrin have been treated with alkali to produce glycerol.
The conversion of nitrogen-free organohalogen compounds with microorganisms containing a dehalogenase is also known. For example, C. E. Castro, et al. ("Biological Cleavage of Carbon-Halogen Bonds Metabolism of 3-Bromopropanol by Pseudomonas sp.", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 100, 384-392, 1965) describe the use of Pseudomonas sp. isolated from soil that metabolizes 3-bromopropanol in sequence to 3-bromopropionic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid and CO.sub.2.
Various U.S. Patents also describe the use of microorganisms for dehalogenating halohydrins, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,452,894; 4,477,570; and 4,493,895. Each of these patents is hereby incorporated by reference as though set forth in full herein.
EP-A-0 510 987 A1 teaches the use of microorganisms or enzymes derived from microorganisms to remove epihalohydrin and epihalohydrin hydrolysis products from wet strength compositions without reduction in wet strength effectiveness. Processes of removal are described which remove up to 2.6 weight per cent of halogenated by-product based on the weight of the composition. The amount of microorganism or enzyme used is in direct proportion to the quantity of halogenated by-product present. Thus, when present in large quantities (e.g., more than about 1% by weight of the composition) a large proportion of microorganism or enzyme is needed to adequately remove the unwanted product. Large quantities of halogenated byproduct can be toxic to the microbes employed in such dehalogenation processes. EP-A-0 510 987 A1 is a family member of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/243,492, filed May 16, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,470,742 which is both a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/866,216, filed Nov. 9, 1992, and a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/690,765, filed Apr. 9, 1992. Each of these documents is hereby incorporated by reference as though set forth in full herein.
It is also known that epihalohydrin and epihalohydrin hydrolyzates can be reacted with bases to form chloride ion and polyhydric alcohols. U.S. Pat. No. 4,975,499 teaches the use of bases during the synthetic step to reduce organo chlorine contents of wet strength composition to moderate levels (e.g., to moderate levels of from about 0.11 to about 0.16%) based on the weight of the composition. U.S. Pat. No. 5,019,606 teaches reacting wet strength compositions with an organic or inorganic base.
Each of the foregoing approaches has provided less than optimal results, and there has been a continuing need for improvement.

Dehalogenation of polyamine, neutral curing wet strength resins


A mobile terminal including a display unit configured to output an image, a communication unit configured to transceive data with an external mobile terminal, and a controller configured to control the communication unit to receive a notification corresponding to an event information of an application installed at the mobile terminal from the mobile terminal, the controller controlling the display unit to output a screen of the event to a user in accordance with the notification, the controller controlling the communication unit to receive an input of a user action corresponding to a command for processing the event from a user via the screen of the event and to transmit the user action to the mobile terminal. Further, the notification includes an identification information of the application and an identification information of the user action provided by the application.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile terminal, image display device mounted on a vehicle and data processing method using the same. Although the present invention is suitable for a wide scope of applications, it is particularly suitable for outputting an event generated from the mobile terminal to the image display device mounted on the vehicle and enabling the image display device to process the corresponding event.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Generally, an image display device is the device that displays image information using a screen. In particular, an image display device mounted on a vehicle provides a user with such a function as a vehicle information display function, a navigation system function, a TV output function and the like. The recent development of technology enables an image display device mounted on a vehicle to perform data communication with a mobile terminal carried by a user by being connected with the mobile terminal using wire/wireless network.
Through the data communication between the image display device mounted on the vehicle and the mobile terminal, an image can be synchronized between the two devices or an event generated from one device can be processed by the other. However, the demand for a data processing method for efficiently outputting an event generated from the mobile terminal to the image display device mounted on the vehicle and processing the corresponding event is rising.

Mobile terminal, image display device mounted on vehicle and data processing method using the same


A photo-luminescent (PL) liquid crystal display (LCD) including a blue dichroic mirror layer disposed under a light emitting layer is provided. Visible light generated from the light emitting layer is mostly reflected to the front side of the PL LCD, thereby increasing the light utilization efficiency thereof. A blue PL quantum dot layer is formed in blue light regions, thereby improving a narrow viewing angle and an orientation in blue pixels. An ultraviolet (UV) filter blocking UV light in the ambient light is formed to protect the light emitting layer from the excitation caused by external light, thereby preventing degradation of contrast caused by an undesired light emission.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD), and more particularly, to a photo-luminescent (PL)-LCD with high light utilization efficiency.
2. Description of the Related Art
LCDs are non-emissive displays that require a separate backlight unit and red, green, and blue color filters for pixels to display a color image on a screen.
The red, green, and blue color filters respectively separate white light emitted from the backlight unit into red, green, and blue lights. The red, green, and blue color filters each transmit only light of a specific wavelength, which is one third of that of white light, resulting in significant optical loss. Thus, a high luminance backlight unit is required to produce an image with sufficient luminance.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,822,144 and 4,830,469 disclose PL LCDs using phosphors excited by ultraviolet (UV) light and having higher light utilization efficiency than LCDs using color filters.
Also, in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2002/0145,685, Regina et al. propose a PL LCD using a backlight unit and red and green phosphors. Blue color is obtained by switching light paths using liquid crystals instead of a color filter or phosphors. The red and green phosphors are excited by blue backlight emitted from the backlight unit.
The drawback of the proposed PL LCD is that it has a narrow viewing angle and orientation because light emitted from a blue pixel has a polarization component. The blue pixel with the polarization component and narrow viewing angle has different optical characteristics than red and green pixels with no polarization component and a wide viewing angle.
The phosphors for the red and green pixels are excited by light emitted by the backlight unit as well as by ambient light incident from an external light source since the ambient light also contains blue UV light. The UV light contained in the ambient light unnecessarily excites the phosphors without contributing to displaying an image on the LCD, thereby degrading a contrast ratio.
Thus, research concerning improving light utilization efficiency is required to obtain a high quality image.

Photo-luminescent liquid crystal display including a blue dichroic mirror layer


A liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes an LCD panel, a panel driver that includes a source printed circuit board (PCB) substrate having a fixing protrusion hole to supply driving signals to the LCD panel, and a top chassis to receive the LCD panel and the panel driver. The top chassis includes an upper frame portion to prevent the LCD panel from moving upwardly, a side frame portion to prevent the LCD panel from moving sideward, and a fixing protrusion protruded from an inner side of the side frame portion. The fixing protrusion is coupled to the fixing protrusion hole to fix the source PCB inside the side frame portion of the top chassis.

1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a liquid crystal display ("LCD") device capable of simplifying a manufacturing process, and to a method of mounting a printed circuit board ("PCB") substrate in the LCD device.
2. Discussion of Related Art
The importance of liquid crystal display ("LCD's") devices, which are a type of information display device, has increased due to the nature of modern society becoming more of an information society. A cathode ray tube ("CRT") has certain difficulties associated therewith such as downsizing and portability, even though it may also have certain benefits such as high performance and low prices. On the contrary, an LCD device has advantages such as, for example, a smaller size, lighter weight, smaller power consumption and so on over the CRT, and thus has become a substitute display device for the CRT.
An LCD device typically includes a LCD panel, a panel driver, a backlight assembly, a bottom chassis, a middle mold, and a top chassis.
The panel driver includes a driving integrated circuit ("IC") to drive gate and data lines of the LCD panel, a timing controller to control the driving IC, a power voltage supply part to supply voltage signals to the LCD panel and driving circuits. Components of the timing controller and the power voltage supply part are mounted on a PCB to supply data signals to the LCD panel.
The backlight assembly includes lamps to generate light, a reflective sheet and an optical sheet to improve light efficiency. The backlight assembly includes the bottom chassis and the middle mold to receive and protect the backlight assembly. The backlight assembly is coupled to the top chassis to prevent the movement of the above elements.
A source PCB is mounted on the LCD panel through a tape carrier package ("TCP"). Such source PCB is disposed on a side surface of the bottom chassis, with the middle mold disposed therebetween, and is fixed by screw. However, the fixing process by the screw may need more manufacture processing time, and may also deteriorate reproducibility in the manufacture processing time. Particularly, since various components are mounted on the source PCB, a short defect may occur by electrically contacting with adjacent metallic materials when the source PCB moves freely without being fixed at someplace. Thus, as a result, the electrical short may cause the screen quality to deteriorate.

Liquid crystal display device having printed circut board and method for assembling the printed circuit board


A key ring apparatus is designed to provide visual evidence of tampering. The key ring apparatus includes a main loop member having adjacent end portions with substantially equal diameters. The key ring apparatus also includes a hollow tubular sleeve that receives the main loop end portions, and is crimped into place thereon after keys have been placed on the main loop member. The tubular sleeve may have a pair of crimping indication indicators thereon, to show where to crimp the sleeve onto the main loop of the key ring apparatus. One or both of the main loop member and the sleeve may have a unique serial identification number thereon.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to key rings. More particularly, the present invention relates to a key ring having a tamper-evident closure member and a unique alphanumeric serial identification code, as well as to kit for assembling a high-security key ring, and a method of using the described kit to form a key ring.
2. Description of the Background Art
A number of different key rings are known for storing various keys.
Examples of some of the known key rings include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,794,993 to Eckerdt, and also in each of the references cited in the file history of U.S. Pat. No. 5,794,993.
Although the known devices have some utility for their intended purposes, a need still exists in the art for an improved tamper-evident key ring.

Key ring with tamper-evident closure member, kit for assembling a key ring, and method of using same


A sensor-integrated display panel including an operation surface for performing an input operation and an image display surface which are formed integrally with a sensor as one piece. A data transfer device supplies the sensor-integrated display panel with a drive signal for driving the sensor and outputs sensing data corresponding to a potential of a sensor signal output from the sensor. A contact electrode is provided in a frame formed around the sensor-integrated display panel to vary the potential of the sensor signal when a conductor touches or does not touch to the frame. An application executing device receives and analyzes the sensing data and generates a signal to select an operating function in accordance with an analysis result.

Mobile phones, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDA), small-sized portable personal computers and the like are popularized. These electronic devices have a display panel and an operation input panel that is formed integrally with the display panel as one piece.
The operation input panel can detect a touch position on its surface where a user touches, and generates a sensing signal as a change of capacitance, for example. The sensing signal is supplied to a touch signal processing integrated circuit (IC) which is designed to exclusive use for the operation input panel. The touch signal processing IC processes the sensing signal using a computational algorithm prepared in advance, and converts the user's touched position into coordinate data then output it.
As manufacturing technology is developed, the display panel is increased in resolution and size. Accordingly, the operation input panel is required to sense a position with high resolution. The operation input panel is also required to process data input thereto at high speed depending on applications. Furthermore, a device capable of easily changing an application is desired.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Electronic device and method for controlling the electronic device