A hollow plastic container with a separately formed handle engaging the sidewall of the container and supported thereby. The handle includes an elongated portion extending upwardly over the major portion of the longitudinal extent of the sidewall and arm portions extending from the elongated portion towards the sidewall for engagement with the sidewall, wherein the sidewall receives the arm portions and holds the handle in place.

Plastic containers are widely used commercially for a variety of products. These containers often include handles for easy dispensing of product. The handles are generally integrally formed with the container, as by a stretch blow molding procedure, which is well known. Also, often the handles generally extend outwardly from the container.
However, the integral handle configuration complicates the stretch blow molding process. It would be highly desirable to provide a container configuration which can be formed without an integral handle, and separately form a handle for subsequent attachment to the container. Particularly, it would be desirable to provide such a separately formed handle which does not extend outwardly from the container since an outwardly extending handle would be subject to damage in processing and handling. Moreover, the foregoing should be accomplished in a simple and convenient way with a firm engagement between the separately formed handle component and the separately formed container component. The resulting product should be esthetically pleasing and easy to use by the consumer.
It would be particularly desirable to provide such a container-handle configuration wherein the handle is easily engagable with the container, and wherein the handle can be easily removed and re-engaged if desired.
In addition, it is desirable to provide a lightweight, plastic container suitable for preparation by stretch blow molding and which permits rigidity while handling and pouring, together with a firm, rigid separately formed handle component.
Accordingly, it is an objective of the present invention to provide an improved plastic container with a separately formed handle, wherein the container portion can be conveniently prepared by stretch blow molding.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide a container as aforesaid wherein the separately formed handle can be firmly engaged with the container, and is removable from the container, if desired, and is easy to use by the consumer.
It is a still further objective of the present invention to provide a container as aforesaid which is lightweight; and wherein the container with engaged handle has good product characteristics.
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will appear hereinbelow.

Plastic container with separately formed handle


A reconfigurable variable blank-holder force system (and method) for producing sheet metal stampings comprises a portable hydraulic unit, controlled by a digital control system and a knowledge-based expert system to enable reconfigurability and an easy transition from the try-out stage to production. The knowledge-base has a hierarchical structure and includes stored information about part geometry, material properties and press parameters. The expert system enables an operator to determine optimal blank-holder forces, and to fine-tune through a graphical interface unit. The optimal blank-holder forces are generated by hydraulic force actuators, using a controller running a nonlinear algorithm that accounts for valve nonlinearities, variable flow-rate and numbers of operational cylinders. The portable hydraulic unit preferably comprises hydraulic cylinders with quick disconnect hoses, a manifold, servo-valves and a pump unit. A structured method to utilize this system to produce sheet metal stampings is also described. An article embodying the method is included.

Sheet metal stamping is an indispensable and significant process because it is well suited to mass production of a wide variety of parts. In the automotive industry, it is used to make several body parts such as doors, hoods and lift-gates. Several other industries such as the consumer appliance industry and the aerospace industry use sheet metal stamping extensively. It is highly desirable to ensure high quality standards for sheet metal stampings so as to avoid problems during subsequent assembly stages and to ensure that the form and finish meet requirements. A publication by Ananthakrishnan S., Agrawal S., Venugopal R., and Demeri M., entitled "RCS Based Hardware-in-the-loop Intelligent System Design and Performance Measurement," in Proceedings of PerMIS 2002, NIST, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, teaches design of an intelligent system with applications to manufacturing, based on a Real Time Control System (RCS) architecture. The Ananthakrishnan publication describes case studies on how the RCS architecture can be used in a flexible automation scenario, where traditional industrial control cards (hardware) do not provide adequate measures of performance. In addition, certain tooling concepts and blank-holder force actuator control units with individually controlled hydraulic cylinders have been developed to allow local control of metal flow into the die cavity during a stamping operation. Forces are applied on the sheet metal blank using hydraulic cylinders which are mounted on the lower bolster of a hydraulic press. In the known type of hydraulic or mechanical press, a ram depresses the piston of each of the hydraulic cylinders via the blank and tooling in a blank-holder force actuator area to raise the pressure inside the cylinders. The pressure is transferred to the blank. A closed-loop control system modulates the flow of hydraulic fluid from the cylinder. In known arrangements, pressure within the cylinder is difficult to control using commercially available PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control cards. The few systems that are available presently are systems of hydraulic cylinders installed in the bed of the press (under the die). The hydraulic cylinders used to provide force actuation in known systems are placed in fixed locations in the bed of one particular press, and the force actuators are configured for operation in that press. In essence, these systems are not flexible and are customized for one particular press and thus tend to be very expensive.
The production of sheet metal stamping parts involves two distinct phases, namely, try-out and production. In the try-out phase, the die design is validated, and required process parameters (blank-holder force actuator forces, punch force etc.) are determined. Try-out is conducted by attempting to make the part and modifying the die and process parameters, until a part is consistently made within the required design tolerances. After successful try-out, the final die design and process parameters are transferred to a production unit that mass produces the part. In practice, try-out and production are typically conducted by different companies in different locations.
It is desirable to provide a system and method for sheet metal stamping that would offer reconfigurability utilizing a knowledge-base, as well as the most economy and flexibility in design, and in doing so, address the needs of both try-out and production.

Reconfigurable variable blank-holder force system and method for sheet metal stamping


A tape carrier type semiconductor device comprising: a long flexible insulating tape; and a plurality of semiconductor devices sequentially arranged on one surface of the tape, wherein each semiconductor device has a wiring pattern and a semiconductor element, and wherein each semiconductor device has either a hole or a target mark inside a predetermined region enclosed by an outline of the semiconductor device, the outline being for die-cutting into pieces, the hole being bored through the tape for indicating that the semiconductor device is a non-defective, the target mark not being bored through the tape for indicating that the semiconductor device is a defective.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a tape carrier type semiconductor device, and more particularly, to a tape carrier type semiconductor device called a COF (chip on a flexible printed circuit) comprising a long flexible insulating tape and a plurality of semiconductor devices sequentially arranged on one surface of the tape, each semiconductor device having a wiring pattern and a semiconductor element.
2. Description of Related Art
COFs in the form of pieces are incorporated into a panel of a portable phone, a PDA (personal digital assistance), a notebook PC, a liquid crystal TV or the like. COFs in the form of long tapes have a structure where a plurality of semiconductor elements are sequentially mounted at equal distances on the same surface of a long flexible insulating tape (tape carrier) that has a plurality of predetermined metal wiring patterns thereon.
Examples of a method of mounting the semiconductor elements on the tape carrier include thermocompression bonding by heating a part of each wiring pattern called an inner lead provided on the tape carrier and an electrode of each semiconductor element from a surface of the tape carrier opposite to the wiring pattern and applying a pressure from the surface of the tape carrier opposite to the wiring pattern.
After mounting the semiconductor elements, a resin is injected into the interface between the tape carrier and the semiconductor elements and cured to protect surfaces of the semiconductor elements. Then, a non-defective/defective determination test is conducted by a tester for exclusive use while standing a probe needle in an external output terminal called an outer lead provided on the tape carrier.
By this test, it is determined whether each of COFs (semiconductor devices arranged on the tape carrier) is a non-defective or a defective.
As shown in FIG. 3, for a COF determined to be a non-defective, a hole 8 for indicating that the COF is a non-defective is bored out with a die through the tape carrier outside a predetermined region enclosed by an outline 6 of the COF.
Then, using a specific device, each COF is identified as a non-defective or a defective by the presence or absence of the hole 8. For a defective having no hole 8, a hole 9 is punched out with another die to remove a portion having a semiconductor element 2 at the center, as shown in FIG. 3. Then, the resulting COF in the form of a long tape undergoes a final inspection and is shipped in a reeled state to the user.
After receiving the COF in the form of a long tape, the user die-cuts it with a die sequentially along the outlines 6 into COFs in the form of pieces separate from one another, as shown in FIG. 4.
Since the COFs in the form of pieces into which the COF in the form of a long tape has been die-cut sequentially along the outlines 6 cannot be identified as a non-defective or a defective by the presence or absence of the hole 8 shown in FIG. 3, it is identified as a non-defective or a defective by whether the portion having the semiconductor element 2 at the center is removed or not (as shown in FIG. 4, for a defective, the hole 9 is punched out therein to remove the portion having the semiconductor element 2 at the center, whereas for a non-defective, the hole 9 is not punched out therein). Thereafter, only COFs identified as non-defectives are mounted and put into commercial production.
Examples of a method of identifying an integrated circuit (IC) as a non-defective or a defective include one described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63(1988)-288038.
The following is the gist of a "tape carrier" disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63(1988)-288038.
The disclosed tape carrier is aimed to prevent the erroneous recognition of detection using a photo sensor by forming light-shielding pads on parts of an insulating film whereon there exists no metal wiring pattern and boring a hole in the parts whereon there exists no metal wiring pattern so that the hole penetrates the insulating film.
More specifically, an IC metal pad 8 is provided and a through hole 9a is bored therein. A pad free from errors of detection has a size of 2 mm×2 mm or more in square when the hole has a diameter of 1 mm. Moreover, a hole like 9b may be bored in a part of a wiring pattern. In this case, pads 6 may have a largish size and an electric test may be conducted even after the hole is bored in the pads. In a case where the color of an insulating film 1 is relatively deep, not the whole periphery of the hole but only a part thereof may be covered with a metal.
With the above construction, a detection using a photo sensor can be executed with a high reliability on the basis of the presence or absence of the hole in the carrier tape so that a mistake that a non-detective is removed or a defective is handled as a non-defective is eliminated.
According to the above publication, after an IC is identified as a non-defective or a defective, a hole is bored through the tape carrier outside or inside a region enclosed by an outline of a COF arranged on the tape carrier, and then the COF arranged on the tape carrier is identified as a non-defective or a defective by the presence or absence of the hole.
Meanwhile, the aforementioned COF in the form of a long tape is shipped in a state that the holes 9 are punched out with the die in defectives to remove the portions each having the semiconductor element 2 at the center, as described above. The die is of a size large enough to be allowed for shared use and to be adapted to change to a certain degree in size of the semiconductor element 2.
The COFs in the form of long tapes received by the user are transferred reel to reel to be die-cut with the die sequentially along the outlines 6 into COFs in pieces. At this time, in the case where a COF in the form of a thin tape (generally having a thickness of 40 μm or less) is provided with large holes 9 sequentially punched out therein to remove large portions, deformation could be caused in the tape to make the transfer of the tape unstable and thereby the risk of failure in the die-cutting into pieces could be raised.
Further, once the COF in the form of a long tape is die-cut along the outlines 6 into pieces, each COF in the form of a piece cannot be identified as a non-defective by the presence or absence of the hole 8 shown in FIG. 3.
On the other hand, the "tape carrier" disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63(1988)-288038 where detection is made by a photo sensor needs special devices including the photo sensor.

Tape carrier type semiconductor device and method of producing the same


A multi-port connector of different standards is electrically connected on a circuit board of an electronic device and includes a base, a High Definition Multimedia (HDMI) connector and a SPDIF connector. The base has a first mounting space and a second mounting space. The HDMI connector is mounted in the first mounting space. The HDMI connector is provided with conductive pins extending to the outside of the base. The SPDIF connector has a housing that is mounted in the second mounting space. The interior of the housing has a light receiver. The pins of the light receiver extend to the outside of the base.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a connector, and in particular to a multi-port connector.
2. Description of Prior Art
SPDIF is the abbreviation of Sony/Philips Digital Interface and may be also written as S/PDIF. It is an interface for transmitting digital signals, such as PCM, AC3, DTS or other similar signals. In order to enhance the transmission of digital audio signals, such a SPDIF connector utilizes double phase coding technology in left and right sound channels as well as the mixing of sample frequency into the transmitted digital signals, thereby generating a superior definition (bytes) up to 24 bytes. Further, in cooperation with a high-speed transmission medium such as optical fiber, the accuracy and synchronicity of data can be achieved.
Furthermore, High Definition Multimedia (HMDI) audio/video transmission interface can provide a data transmission bandwidth up to 5 Gbps as well as transmit non-compressed audio signals and high-definition video signals without A/D or D/A conversion before transmitting signals. Thus, HDMI can guarantee the highest quality of transmitting audio/video signals.
When using these two connectors of different standards, both of them are electrically connected to the circuit board of an electronic device separately. Since the electronic device is designed to be more and more compact, is not easy to connect a HDMI connector and a SPDIF connector on the same circuit board because of the spatial restriction of reduced volume of the circuit board. Alternatively, one of the HDMI connector and the SPDIF connector may be sacrificed. Thus, it is an important issue to electrically connect two connectors of different standards to the same circuit board without occupying the space of the circuit board or sacrificing a certain connector.

Multi-port connector with different standards


A motor structure for an electric bicycle including a motor provided with a rotor and a stator to generate a rotary force to drive a wheel of the electric bicycle, the rotor having an accommodation space formed at a center thereof, a first decelerator unit disposed in the accommodation space and connected to a rotating shaft that is rotated together with the rotor, a second decelerator unit connected to the first decelerator unit and disposed outside the motor, and a motor housing to accommodate the motor and the second decelerator unit.

1. Field
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a motor structure for an electric bicycle, and more particularly, to a motor structure for an electric bicycle having a reduced volume thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, a bicycle is a means of transportation for a short distance, and widely used for enhancement of heath or as a hobby.
In recent years, an electric bicycle having a motor has been developed to be driven by a driving force of the motor so as to travel in long distance, or reduce physical exhaustion.
A motor structure installed on the electric bicycle to provide a driving force is used while being installed on a front wheel or a rear wheel (hereinafter, referred to as a wheel in common) of the electric bicycle, to rotate the wheel, thereby enabling the running of the electric bicycle. In general, the motor structure is constituted by including a motor, a decelerator unit to reduce a rotary power of the motor, and a power transmission unit to transfer the rotary power output from the decelerator unit to the wheel.
However, the motor structure as such is needed to have the motor, decelerator unit and the power transmission unit, causing an inconvenience in the assembly process of the components while complicating the structure thereof. In addition, the volume is increased, so the spatial efficiency and esthetic quality is degraded.


A fiber mat comprises fibers; a resinous fiber binder; and a binder modifier which is a methacrylate/C1-2 succinate/hydroxyacrylate copolymer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a fiber mat and a process of making the same, and, more particularly, to a glass fiber mat comprising fibers, a binder and a defined binder modifier. Embodiments of the present invention can have desired characteristics, such as, for example, improved wet web strength, as compared with a conventional mat where no such defined binder modifier is employed, and can be suitable for use in building materials.
2. Description of the Prior Art
High strength fiber mats are increasingly used in the building materials industry, most commonly in roofing shingles. Fiber mats have numerous other material applications, including use in roofing, siding and floor underlayment; insulation facers; floor and ceiling tile; and vehicle parts.
Various fiber mats and methods of making the same have been described previously. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,135,029; 4,258,098; 5,914,365; and 6,642,299, describe glass fiber mats made by a wet-laid process formed from glass fibers held together by a binder material. Typically, in wet processed glass fiber mats, the binder is applied in liquid form and dispersed onto the glass fibers by an applicator. Conventional wet processes strive to produce a uniform coating of binder on the glass fibers. After the binder and glass fibers have been dried and cured, the glass fiber mat is cut as desired.
A major problem in the manufacturing process and use of some known fiber mats is inadequate wet web strength. The wet web strength of wet glass mat has significant impact on glass mat production and mat properties. In order to prevent the mat web from breaking during production, the speed of the production line has to be adjusted (reduced) to the low wet web strength of the wet glass mat before curing. Also, a lower wet web strength requires a higher vacuum drawing to support the wet web and to minimize web breaking. However, a higher vacuum drawing will lead to undesired mat properties, for example, a high mat tensile ratio.

Building Materials Investment Corporation


The present disclosure provides techniques for power factor correction on a constant current system and also provides power line communications on the same power factor correction circuit. In one example embodiment, through controlled charging and draining of an input capacitor, the power factor correction circuit generates an input voltage which is in phase with the input current. Communication data is also embedded in the input voltage and/or input current by further charging and draining of the input capacitor according to a controlled switching scheme which includes both input current phase data and corresponding communication signals.

Power factor correction is often used in electric power systems and between power sources and loads in order to synchronize the input current and the input voltage before it is delivered to the load. Power factor correction can provide many benefits to the electric power system and the load, such as prolonged life and energy efficiency.
Traditionally, power factor correction circuitry is designed as voltage based power factor correction. Such circuitry is used in constant voltage systems, and the input current waveform is made to match the input voltage waveform. However, in certain industries, such as airfield lighting, the existing infrastructure, requires current based systems which require a constant current power source rather than a constant voltage power source. Specifically, in the area of airfield lighting, constant current systems are traditionally used because of the need for consistent brightness across the plurality of light fixtures coupled in series and being powered by the same power source. Because a constant current power supply can provide the same level of current to each of the light fixtures, it became the standard form of power distribution in the area of airfield lighting. Though lighting technology has become more sophisticated in recent years, the infrastructure has remained a current based system. However, power factor correction techniques used for voltage based systems which receive a constant voltage generally cannot be used for current based systems.
Additionally, in many modern lighting systems, light fixtures are able to communicate with a central controller. For example, a light fixture may send a signal to the central controller indicative of operational data or error. The central controller may also send a signal to a light fixture containing an operational command or status request. In the airport lighting industry, such communication can be done through power line communication, in which communication and control signals can be sent between the central controller and light fixtures. Typically, an amplifier is used to add a higher frequency communication signal on top of the power line signal, such as a typical 60 hertz power line signal. A receiver is then used at the receiving end to decode the communication signal. Consequently, such communication systems typically require additional hardware and present several challenges, such as attenuation, error checking, and slow hardware.

Power factor correction for constant current input with power line communication


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for processing a modulation symbol. The processing method includes: a transmitter obtaining a transmission power ratio αj, wherein in the transmission power ratio αj∈{α0, α1, α2}, j is a natural number, and α0, α1 and α2 are all positive numbers; and the transmitter modulating a first group of bit sequences b0(i), b0(i+1) and a second group of bit sequences b1(i), b1(i+1), . . . , b1(i+n) according to the transmission power ratio αj so as to obtain a modulation symbol, wherein i is a natural number, and n∈{1, 3, 5}. The present invention solves the problem in the relevant art that an uncertain number of transmission power ratios affects the performance of a system and increases the design complexity of signaling, thereby reducing signaling overheads and improving system stability and demodulation performance.

The superimposed transmission in the communication field means that a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system simultaneously transmits data to multiple receiving terminals on the same time-frequency resource, and the receiving terminals are divided into near users and far users. Bit information sent by a transmitter to the near users is modulated and mapped to obtain a set of data symbols. Bit information sent by the transmitter to the far users is modulated and mapped to obtain another set of data symbols. The two sets of data symbols are weighted according to transmission power ratios to obtain combined data symbols, and then sent to the far users and the near users.
A transmission power ratio is a ratio of the transmission power allocated by the transmitter to a far user on a superposition layer to the total transmission power on the superposition layer.
Compared with an orthogonal multiple access system, the data symbols mapped by the NOMA system to the time-frequency resource are none of modulation symbols of a single user, including Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation symbols, Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation symbols, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation of 16 symbols (16 QAM) modulation symbols, 64 QAM modulation symbols and 256 QAM modulation symbols, but an uncertain combined constellation symbol generated by superposition coding. Demodulating such uncertain combined constellation symbol may result in increased signaling overhead and degraded demodulation performance.
The main reason for the uncertainty of the combined constellation symbol is that the transmission power ratios are uncertain. The uncertainty of the transmission power ratios means that it is difficult to determine the specific values of the transmission power ratios and the number of the transmission power ratios, which may seriously affect the performance of the system and increase complexity of the signaling design.
In the related art, there has no effective solution proposed to the problem that the performance of the system is affected and the complexity of signaling design is increased since the number of the transmission power ratios is uncertain.

Method and apparatus for processing modulation symbol


A calculator keyboard includes various keys such as numeric keys, a mixed fraction key, and a fraction key, a RAM, a ROM and a CPU. A character including a value or variable for a mixed fraction may be input and displayed separately as an integer, a numerator, and a denominator. Any of the characters in the mixed fraction may be edited subsequently. In addition, a fraction may be first input and displayed, and thereafter, an integer of a mixed fraction may be input and displayed. Consequently, unnecessary movement of the cursor is avoided in editing of fractions on the calculator display thereby facilitating easy and efficient operation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a computer in which a value or a variable (a character) can be input and displayed in the form of a mixed fraction.
2. Description of the Prior Art
FIGS. 14A to 14C show a conventional processing for inputting and displaying a mixed fraction using such a computer. In FIGS. 14A to 14C, a key sequence and a display screen output are shown in the left and right portions, respectively. Each of the symbols A, B, and C represents a value or variable. The symbols A, B, and C respectively denote an integer, the numerator, and the denominator of a mixed fraction.
When a mixed fraction having an integer A and a fraction B/C is to be input, numeric keys or character keys and a mixed fraction key "a b/c" provided on a keyboard are used.
First, the integer A is input and initially displayed at a numerator position, as shown in FIG. 14A. When the mixed fraction key "a b/c" is depressed, the display position of the integer A is moved to an integer portion, as shown in FIG. 14B.
Next, the numerator B is input and displayed at the numerator position, as shown in FIG. 14B. When the mixed fraction key "a b/c" is depressed, the computer goes into a state for waiting an input of the denominator C. A cursor 10 which is shown as a thick underline remains at a denominator position up to this step.
Thereafter, the denominator C is input and displayed at the denominator position, as shown in FIG. 14C. The cursor 10 is moved to the next column on the right side. Thus, a process for inputting and displaying the mixed fraction having the integer A and the fraction B/C is completed.
When an expression in the form of a mixed fraction is displayed, the cursor 10 is moved to a different position, especially from the numerator position to the denominator position in the following manner. The manner is described with reference to FIGS. 15A to 15C.
It is assumed that the underline cursor 10 is positioned at the right end value "6" of the numerator, as shown in FIG. 15A. When a right directional cursor key 11 which is represented by a triangle pointing in the right direction is depressed, the cursor 10 is once moved to a next column on the right side of the right end value "6" of the numerator, as shown in FIG. 15B. At the same time, a borderline 12 between the denominator and the numerator is elongated by a column.
The blank column in the elongated portion of the borderline 12 may be used for inserting or adding a value.
When the right directional cursor key 11 is depressed again without adding a value, the cursor 10 is moved to the left end value "7" of the denominator, as shown in FIG. 15C. At the same time, the elongated portion of the borderline 12 is deleted.
Thus, a process for moving the cursor 10 from the right end of the numerator to the left end of the denominator is completed.
When a value or a variable (a character) is input for the expression in the form of a mixed fraction, the value or variable is input in the order of an integer, a numerator and a denominator, as described above. However, when the integer A is input, the integer A is once displayed at the numerator position and then moved to the integer position, as shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B. Therefore, the conventional processing is likely to cause a misunderstanding or a mistake in the input operation.
In a case where a value or a variable (a character) is input for an expression in the form of an improper fraction or a proper fraction, in order to change the input destination from the numerator to the denominator, a fraction key "b/c" is used instead of the mixed fraction key "a b/c". Conventionally, once an improper fraction or a proper fraction is input using the fraction key "b/c", the fraction cannot be modified by adding or inserting a value or a variable for an integer at the left of the fraction so as to make a mixed fraction.
As described above with reference to FIGS. 15A to 15C, when the cursor 10 is moved on the displayed expression in the form of a mixed fraction, such an unnatural and useless movement or display change that the borderline 12 between the denominator and the numerator is elongated and the cursor 10 is moved to the elongated portion occurs, which causes the operator to be confused.

Computer display for input and display of improper and mixed fractions


Methods and systems for the production of phthalic acid diesters are described herein. The methods and systems incorporate the novel use of a high shear device to promote dispersion and mixing of a phthalic acid derivative with alcohol. The high shear device may allow for lower reaction temperatures and pressures and may also reduce reaction time with existing catalysts.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the field of chemical reactions. More specifically, the invention relates to methods of making diester phthalates incorporating high shear mixing.
2. Background of the Invention
Plasticizers are widely used in many ways in plastics, coating compositions, sealing compositions and rubber articles. They interact physically with thermoplastic high polymers without reacting chemically, preferably by means of their solvent and swelling capability. This forms a homogeneous system whose thermoplastic range has been shifted to lower temperatures compared to the original polymer, with the result that, for example, the ability to change shape and the elasticity are increased and the hardness is reduced.
To open up very wide fields of application for plasticizers, they have to fulfill a number of requirements. In the ideal case, they should be odorless, colorless, light-resistant, cold-resistant and heat-resistant. In addition, it is expected that they are resistant to water, do not burn readily, have a low volatility and are not harmful to health. Furthermore, the preparation of the plasticizers should be simple and, to meet ecological demands, should be carried out without producing waste materials such as by-products which cannot be recycled and wastewater containing pollutants.
Among the most important plasticizers are the esters of dicarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids with plasticizer alcohols, i.e. unbranched or branched primary alcohols having from about 6 to 13 carbon atoms, which can be used as individual compounds or as a mixture. The preparation of the esters has been carried out by the classical process by reacting the acids or acid anhydrides with an alcohol or a mixture of different alcohols in the presence of an acid, preferably sulfuric acid, as catalyst. The alcohol component is usually used in excess. Attempts have been made to counter adverse color and odor of the reaction product by targeted selection of the acid used as catalyst, by mild reaction conditions and by complicated purification measures.
A further development in the preparation of esters suitable as plasticizers constitutes the use of metal-containing esterification catalysts. Suitable catalysts are, for example, tin, titanium and zirconium which are used as finely divided metals or advantageously in the form of their salts, oxides or soluble organic compounds. These catalysts are high-temperature catalysts which reach their full activity only at esterification temperatures above 180° C. Examples are tin powder, tin(II) oxide, tin(II) oxalate, titanate esters such as tetraisopropyl orthotitanate or tetrabutyl orthotitanate and also zirconium esters such as tetrabutyl zirconate. Alkyl titanates and titanium chelates, i.e. titanates of polyalcohols, have achieved particular importance in industrial production processes.
Furthermore, another process for the esterification of phthalic anhydride involves reaction with isodecanol in the presence of tetrabutyl titanate as catalyst at 230° C. Subsequent to the esterification, the reaction mixture is treated with sodium carbonate solution and the excess alcohol is distilled off. The treatment with the sodium carbonate solution neutralizes the phthalic monoesters present in the reaction mixture to form the corresponding salts. These salts are obtained as a slimy precipitate which can be filtered off only with difficulty, necessitating a high outlay in terms of time and apparatus. Obtaining the desired phthalic diester in pure form is thus associated with considerable difficulties. The modern processes for preparing ester plasticizers thus do not yet fulfill all aspects of the above-described demands made of the production process and the reaction product.
Consequently, there is a need for accelerated methods for esterification by improving the mixing of alcohol into the phthalic acid derivative phase.


There is provided a resist underlayer film-forming composition having excellent solubility in a solvent containing propylene glycol monomethyl ether as a main component. A resist underlayer film-forming composition comprising a polymer having a structural unit of Formula (1a) or Formula (1c) and a structural unit of Formula (1b) and a solvent containing more than 50% by mass of propylene glycol monomethyl ether, wherein in the polymer, the structural unit of Formula (1a) or Formula (1c) and the structural unit of Formula (1b) are arranged alternately.

A lithography process in production of a semiconductor device usually includes a process of applying a solution. Examples of the solution used in the application process may include a resist underlayer film-forming composition as a solution and a resist-forming composition as a solution, in which a polymer and an additive or the like are dissolved in an organic solvent. In recent years, use of a solvent that has low harmfulness to the human body and high safety in the lithography process has been increasingly required. For this reason, use of an organic solvent conventionally used may be avoided, and a usable organic solvent tends to be limited.
For example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and cyclohexanone are known to have high skin permeability, and it is suspected to adversely affect the fetus. Further, cyclohexanone is suspected to be carcinogenic.
When the usable organic solvent is limited, a polymer having high solubility in the limited organic solvent should be selected. Otherwise, a homogeneous solution cannot be prepared, and it is difficult to form a homogeneous film.
Examples of documents about a solution used in the lithography process may include Patent Documents 1 and 2. Patent Document 1 describes an anti-reflective coating-forming composition containing a reaction product of a compound having at least two glycidyl ether structures with an aromatic compound such as hydroxybenzoic acid and naphthalenecarboxylic acid. Patent Document 1 describes that in a synthesis example, an oligomer compound is obtained from a compound having 4 or more glycidyl ether structures and a compound having a hydroxy group and/or a carboxyl group, such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. One of the solvents that can be used in the present invention described in Patent Document 1 is propylene glycol monomethyl ether. Patent Document 2 describes a resist underlayer film-forming composition for lithography which contains a solvent and a polymer having a structure obtained by introducing 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid through an ester bond and an ether bond. One of the solvents that can be used in the present invention described in Patent Document 2 is propylene glycol monomethyl ether.

Resist underlayer film-forming composition

Abstract: (In Formulae (1a) and (1b), Q is a phenylene group or a naphthylene group, m is 1 or 2, and each of n is independently 0 or 1).


A method for adjusting images displayed on discrete screens of an electronic device is provided. The discrete screens, comprising two displaying areas separated by a non-displaying area, cooperate to display an object. Image data of the two displaying areas is obtained. Whether there is at least one line segment which is parallel to a middle line of the non-displaying area, continuous and longer than a predetermined length is determined in each displaying area respectively. A line segment of the at least one line segment that is closest to the middle line is defined as a base line in each displaying area respectively. A displaying position of the object is adjusted according to distances between base lines and edges of the displaying areas.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to displaying images, and more particularly to adjusting images displayed on discrete screens.
2. Description of the Related Art
As the technology has developed, the variety of types of electronic devices has increased, such as electronic devices with multiple display screens disclosed in Taiwan Patent No. M354778 (Application No. 097216872) and Taiwan Patent No. M361204 (Application No. 097220639). The electronic devices with multiple display screens may use at least two display screens to cooperate to display an image. In this case, an object (such as a form) in the image may be separated by a non-displaying area between the display screens, thereby causing inconvenience to the user when reading. For example, FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram of an electronic device 10 having two screens which cooperate to display images. The electronic device 10 comprises screens 110 and 112, and the screens 110 and 112 are separated by a non-displaying area 130. When the screens 110 and 112 cooperate to display a form 140 as shown in FIG. 1B, a column 142 between vertical lines (grid lines) A and B of the form 140 may be cut off by the non-displaying area 130, as shown in FIG. 1A, thereby causing the visual difficulty in reading the text in the column 142 and the inconvenience to the user.

Method for adjusting images displayed on discrete screens


A disk drive including a lower case, a tray to be attached and detached to and from the lower case while sliding in the lower case and having a turntable on which a disk is seated, and an upper case installed to cover an upper portion of the lower case. The upper case has at least one deviation-prevention element extending toward the lower case to prevent the disk from deviating from the turntable by an external force on the disk drive by reducing a distance between the upper case and the disk seated on the turntable.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a disk drive, and more particularly, to a disk drive capable of preventing a disk from deviating from a turntable by an external force and capable of preventing damage to a movable tray holding the disc.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general, a disk drive is a device which reproduces information stored on a disk or records the information to the disk while sliding an optical pickup unit in a radial direction of the disk.
The disk drive used in an information device such as a notebook is necessarily manufactured in a thin form due to its characteristics. Thus, the height or width of the disk drive is limited to a predetermined size.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a conventional disk drive, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the disk drive of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of a cut stopper.
The disk drive of FIG. 1 includes a lower case 10, an upper case 30 which covers the lower case 10, and a tray 20 which slides in the lower case 10 and on which a disk D is seated (see FIG. 2).
The tray 20 includes a turntable 22 on which the disk D is seated, a spindle motor 24 (see FIG. 2) which is installed on the same axis as that of the turntable 22 and which rotates the turntable 22, and a base frame 21 having an optical pickup unit 23 which slides in a radial direction of the disk D and reproduces information stored on the disk D or records the information on the disk D.
The tray 20 is guided on guide rails 13 installed at both sides of the lower case 10. A guide unit 11 is installed to on both sides of the tray 20 and to slide relative to the guide rails 13, and is attached and detached to and from the lower case 10.
A stopper 12 is formed in a portion of the guide unit 11 and protrudes from an inside of the lower case 10 or the tray 20. A protrusion 14 is formed in a portion of one of the guide rails 13 catches the stopper 12 to restrict a moving distance of the tray 20 when the tray 20 is moved out of the lower case 10. A spacing portion 15 is placed between the lower case 10 and the guide unit 11. The spacing portion 15 is a necessary portion to assist in inserting the guide rails 13 in the lower case 10 during assembly.
However, as shown in FIG. 3, when the tray 20 is moved out of the lower case 10, the protrusion 14 collides with the stopper 12 and the stopper 12 may be cut by a collision shock. Specifically, when an external force is applied to the tray 20 in an X-direction (FIG. 1), the tray 20 is opened in the X-direction, the protrusion 14 collides with the stopper 12 and does not survive the external force, and damage occurs in the guide unit 11 in the direction of the spacing portion 15.
Meanwhile, referring to FIG. 2, a distance G1 is formed between the disk D mounted on the turntable 22 and the upper case 30. The distance G1 is optimized for operation of the disk drive, and is difficult to change.
When an operating shock occurs in a Z-direction (FIG. 1) while the disk drive is in the lower case 10, the disk D clamped in the turntable 22 does not survive the operating shock and may deviate from the turntable 22. In this case, an information recording surface may be damaged, information may be lost, and the disk D may be held in the disk drive such that the tray 20 is not easily opened.


Embodiments provide an application information sharing method and apparatus. The application information sharing method of embodiments includes receiving, by a second terminal by using Near Field Communication, application information sent by a first terminal, where the application information includes identification information of an application and status information of the application and parsing the application information to obtain the identification information of the application and the status information of the application. The method also includes performing a query on the second terminal according to the identification information of the application, and in a case in which it is found that the application is installed in the second terminal, synchronizing, according to the status information of the application, status information of the application in the second terminal with the status information of the application in the first terminal.

As network communications technologies and multimedia technologies develop, people use intelligent terminal devices such as a smart television, a smartphone, and a tablet computer more widely, and expect to share application information among different intelligent terminal devices, so as to implement multi-screen interaction among the different intelligent terminal devices.
In the prior art, when a user of a first terminal needs to share, with a second terminal, status information of an application in the terminal device, the user usually needs to determine, by searching, whether the application is installed in the second terminal. If the application is not installed, the user needs to manually add the application to the second terminal and then needs to further explore whether the application has a function of sharing the status information of the application. In a case in which the application can implement sharing of the status information of the application, the user manually starts, in the application, the function of sharing the status information of the application, so as to implement sharing, by the second terminal, the status information of the application in the first terminal.
However, an entire process of implementing sharing of status information of an application includes more steps that involve manual operations, which is cumbersome and time-consuming. In addition, after the application is added, the user further needs to explore whether the application has the function of sharing the status information of the application. If the application cannot implement the function of sharing the status information of the application, the second terminal cannot share the status information of the application in the first terminal. For example, if applications installed in the first terminal include Tencent Video Player and iQIYI Video Player, and applications installed in the second terminal also include Tencent Video Player and iQIYI Video Player, and if an application started in the first terminal is Tencent Video Player, the second terminal needs to remember that Tencent Video Player supports sharing, and starts Tencent Video Player, so as to share a shared file provided by the first terminal. In addition, versions of Tencent Video Player in the first terminal and the second terminal may be different, and therefore Tencent Video Player in the second terminal may have no capability of sharing a video; therefore, the method has a limitation.

Application information sharing method and apparatus


A thrombus resolving treatment apparatus of this invention has an ultrasonic radiator for radiating a therapeutic ultrasonic wave to a thrombus portion, an ultrasonic probe for obtaining B mode image data of an interior of a patient's body, a first ultrasonic imaging unit for visually displaying the B mode image data supplied from the ultrasonic probe, a catheter inserted in the blood vessel, an ultrasonic transducer, provided to the catheter, for obtaining cross-sectional image data of an interior of a blood vessel, and a second ultrasonic imaging unit for visually displaying the cross-sectional image data supplied from the ultrasonic transducer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a thrombus resolving treatment apparatus for resolving a thrombus formed in a blood vessel by using a thrombus resolvent and an ultrasonic wave.
2. Description of the Related Art
In Europe and the U.S., vascular diseases, e.g., arteriosclerosis and thrombosis, have been found very often and are increasing. In Japan as well, thrombotic ischemic heart diseases, e.g., cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction, are increasing due to the change in diet and are listed as one of the two major causes of death (the other cause is a cancer). To treat such an ischemic heart disease, a thrombectomy must be performed. The thrombectomy or vascular grafting is highly invasive to the patient's body and thus is not appropriate especially for an aged patient prone to suffer from this type of disease. A thrombus formed in a cerebral blood vessel or a cardiac coronary artery causes the infarction of cerebral or myocardial cells unless a thrombectomy is immediately performed. In particular, the former can endanger the life or cause a serious aftereffect if the thrombectomy is retarded. Hence, it is required to perform the thrombectomy as quickly as possible.
For example, thrombus resolving treatments, e.g., PTCR (percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization), "intravenous drip", (a technique to administer a large amount of thrombus resolvent having a high concentration by drip over a long period of time), "intraarterial infusion" (a technique to administer a thrombus resolvent to a carotid through a catheter), and PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) attract attention as quick, effective thrombus treatments that are less invasive to the patient's body when compared to a surgical operation or the like. Of these treatments, according to PTCR, a catheter is inserted in a coronary artery, and a thrombus resolvent is quickly injected into the coronary artery close to the thrombus while the positions of the blood vessel and the catheter are fluoroscopically monitored by using an X-ray contrast medium. With PTCR, however, the recanalization rate of the blood vessel is low, and the problem of X-ray exposure exists. In "intravenous drip", although the blood vessel recanalization rate is comparatively high, a side effect occurs that the blood becomes hard to coagulate because of the large amount of thrombus resolvent. Furthermore, according to PTCA, the inner wall of the blood vessel is flexibly expanded by a balloon catheter. Hence, although the "blood vessel recanalization rate" is high, a thrombus reoccurrence rate is high.
Recently, the effect of the thrombus resolvent is increased by adopting both administration of the thrombus resolvent by "intravenous drip" and external ultrasonic radiation to the thrombus. Since the administration amount of the thrombus resolvent can be decreased with this method, the side effects are reported to decrease (Medical Electronics and Bioengineering, vol. 26, page 536, 1988). Even with this method, however, it is preferable to minimize the administration amount of the thrombus resolvent. For this purpose, a therapeutic ultrasonic wave must be efficiently radiated on a thrombus portion, and the effect of the thrombus resolving treatment must be monitored so that no excessive thrombus resolvent may be administered once the thrombus is completely resolved. It is also preferable that the effect of the thrombus resolving treatment can be quantitatively identified in order to perform a precise, efficient treatment.
As described above, the thrombus resolving treatment method that adopts both administration of the thrombus resolvent and ultrasonic radiation is advantageous in that it has in principle a high therapeutic effect and has a few side effects. In order to exhibit its advantage to the maximum, the therapeutic ultrasonic wave must be efficiently and precisely radiated on a thrombus portion as the diseased part, and the thrombus therapeutic effect must be monitored so that no excessive thrombus resolvent may be administered. Preferably, the treatment must be performed while precisely identifying the therapeutic effect.


The present invention provides a non-resonant two-photon absorption recording material containing a non-resonant polymer two-photon absorption compound, and the non-resonant two-photon absorption recording material wherein the main chain of the non-resonant polymer two-photon absorption compound contains at least one member selected from polystyrene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate-polyester, polyurethane, polyether and polyimide, and also provides an optical information recording medium having a recording layer containing the recording material.

In general, the non-linear optical effect indicates a non-linear optical response proportional to the square, cube or higher power of a photoelectric field applied. Known examples of the second-order non-linear optical effect proportional to the square of a photoelectric field applied include second harmonic generation (SHG), optical rectification, photorefractive effect, Pockels effect, parametric amplification, parametric oscillation, light sum frequency mixing, and light difference frequency mixing. Also, examples of the third-order non-linear optical effect proportional to the cube of photoelectric filed applied include third harmonic generation (THG), optical Kerr effect, self-induced refractive index change, and two-photon absorption.
As for the non-linear optical material exhibiting these non-linear optical effects, a large number of inorganic materials have been heretofore found. However, an inorganic material can be very hardly used in practice because a so-called molecular design so as to optimize the desired non-linear optical characteristics or various properties necessary for the production of a device is difficult. On the other hand, an organic compound can realize not only optimization of the desired non-linear optical characteristics by the molecular design but also control of other various properties and therefore, the probability of its practical use is high. Thus, an organic compound is attracting attention as a promising non-linear optical material.
In recent years, among non-linear optical characteristics of the organic compound, third-order non-linear optical effects, particularly, non-resonant two-photon absorption, are being taken notice of. The two-photon absorption is a phenomenon of a compound being excited by simultaneously absorbing two photons. In the case where the two-photon absorption occurs in the energy region having no (linear) absorption band of the compound, this is called non-resonant two-photon absorption. In the following, even when not particularly specified, "two-photon absorption" indicates "non-resonant two-photon absorption". Also, "simultaneous two-photon absorption" is sometimes simply referred to as "two-photon absorption" by omitting "simultaneous".
Meanwhile, the non-resonant two-photon absorption efficiency is proportional to the square of a photoelectric field applied (quadratic dependency of two-photon absorption). Therefore, when a two-dimensional plane is irradiated with a laser, two-photon absorption takes place only in the position having a high electric field strength in the central part of the laser spot, and absolutely no two-photon absorption occurs in the portion having a weak electric field strength in the periphery. On the other hand, in a three-dimensional space, two-photon absorption occurs only in the region having a large electric field strength at the focus where the laser rays are converged through a lens, and two-photon absorption does not take place at all in the off-focus region because the electric field strength is weak. Compared with linear absorption where excitation occurs in all positions proportionally to the strength of a photoelectric field applied, in the non-resonant two-photon absorption, excitation occurs only at one point inside the space because of the quadratic dependency and therefore, the spatial resolution is remarkably enhanced.
Usually, in the case of inducing non-resonant two-photon absorption, a short pulsed laser in the near infrared region having a wavelength longer than the wavelength region where the (linear) absorption band of a compound is present, and having no absorption is used in many cases. Thanks to use of near infrared light in a so-called transparent region, the excitation light can reach the inside of a sample without being absorbed or scattered and one point inside the sample can be excited with very high spatial resolution because of the quadratic dependency of non-resonant two-photon absorption.
The present applicant have filed various patent applications relating to a two-photon sensitization-type three-dimensional recording material using a compound capable of inducing non-resonant two-photon absorption. This recording material is a recording material containing at least (1) a two-photon absorption compound (two-photon sensitizer) and (2) a refractive index-modulating material or a fluorescence intensity-modulating material, where (1) efficiently undergoes two-photon absorption and the obtained energy is transferred to (2) by photoexcited electron transfer or energy transfer to change the refractive index or fluorescence intensity of (2), thereby performing the recording. Thanks to use of non-resonant two-photon absorption but not one-photon absorption employed in the process of light absorption of normal optical recording, a recording pit with three-dimensional spatial resolution can be written at an arbitrary position inside of a recording material.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique using, as (2) a refractive index- or fluorescence intensity-modulating material, a material capable of modulating the refractive index by the color formation of a dye, or a material capable of modulating the fluorescence from non-fluorescence to fluorescence or from fluorescence to non-fluorescence (a material capable of modulating a refractive index or fluorescence by the color formation of a dye or a fluorescent dye). Also, Patent Document 2 discloses a technique using, as (2) a refractive index- or fluorescence intensity-modulating material, a material capable of forming a seed (latent image speck) through very slight color formation of a dye or change of fluorescence and then performing recording and amplification under light irradiation or heating (a refractive index/fluorescence modulation and latent image amplification system; a material that forms a latent image capable of performing refractive index/fluorescence modulation by color formation of a dye). In addition, for example, Patent Document 3 discloses a technique using, as (2) a refractive index-modulating material, a material capable of forming a macromolecular polymer by polymerization and thereby modulating the refractive index (a material that performs refractive index modulation by polymerization). Furthermore, Patent Document 4 discloses a technique using, as a refractive index-modulating material, a material capable of forming a very fine polymerized latent image speck and then driving the polymerization (a refractive index modulation and latent image polymerization system; a material that forms a latent image capable of performing refractive index modulation by polymerization).
In all of these two-photon sensitization-type three-dimensional recording materials described in Patent Documents 1 to 4, a material capable of performing two-photon absorption with light of 700 nm or more is used as (1) the two-photon absorption compound (two-photon sensitizer). However, there are various demands in recent years, and above all, for obtaining a higher recording density, a recording material capable of performing non-resonant two-photon absorption recording by using recording light in the wavelength region shorter than 700 nm so as to form a smaller pit in the recording material is required. The two-photon absorption compound described in Patent Document 5 can perform non-resonant two-photon absorption recording.
Incidentally, in Non-Patent Document 1, it is disclosed that a compound having a structure shown below exhibits non-resonant two-photon absorption properties for light at 450 to 600 nm.

However, there is no description of the humidity/heat resistance of the non-resonant two-photon absorption recording material using a two-photon absorption compound capable of performing non-resonant two-photon absorption recording by using recording light in the wavelength region shorter than 700 nm described in Patent Document above.

Non-resonant two-photon absorption recording material, non-resonant polymer two-photon absorption optical information recording medium, and recording/reproducing method


The improved gearbox mechanism of the present invention includes a plurality of cam-actuated gear block assemblies, which transfer power from a power shaft to a secondary or output gear element. Each gear block assembly includes a gear block having a surface that periodically interfaces with a secondary or output gear element. In a preferred embodiment the interface surface comprises a plurality of projections or teeth which correspond to complementary projections or gear teeth on the output gear element. Each gear block assembly further includes a plurality of linkage assemblies, which connect or link the gear block to a cam assembly, which in turn is connected to a power source. The cam assembly includes about its circumference a unique pathway or groove for each linkage assembly of a particular gear block assembly so that the movement of the gear block may be controlled in two dimensions in accordance with a certain design parameter.

1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a universal gearbox mechanism featuring cam-actuated gear block assemblies that periodically engage the output gear causing power transfer. It has particular, but not exclusive, application for use in servomotor assemblies.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventional machines typically consist of a power source and a power transmission system, which provides controlled application of the power. A variety of proposals have previously been made in the art of power transmission systems. The simplest transmissions, often called gearboxes to reflect their simplicity (although complex systems are also called gearboxes in the vernacular), provide gear reduction (or, more rarely, an increase in speed), sometimes in conjunction with a change in direction of the powered shaft. A transmission system may be defined as an assembly of parts including a speed-changing gear mechanism and an output shaft by which power is transmitted from the power source (e.g., electric motor) to an output shaft. Often transmission refers simply to the gearbox that uses gears and gear trains to provide speed and torque conversions from a power source to another device.
Gearboxes have been used for many years and they have many different applications. In general, conventional gearboxes comprise four main elements: power source; drive train; housing and output means. The power source places force and motion into the drive train. The power source may be a motor connected to the drive train through suitable gearing, such as a spur, bevel, helical or worm gear.
The drive train enables the manipulation of output motion and force with respect to the input motion and force provided by the power source. The drive train typically comprises a plurality of gears of varying parameters such as different sizes, number of teeth, tooth type and usage, for example spur gears, helical gears, worm gears and/or internal or externally toothed gears.
The gearbox housing is the means which retains the internal workings of the gearbox in the correct manner. For example it allows the power source, drive train and output means to be held in the correct relationship for the desired operation of the gearbox. The output means is associated with the drive train and allows the force and motion from the drive train to be applied for an application. Usually, the output means exits the gearbox housing.
The output means typically can be connected to a body whereby the resultant output motion and force from the drive train is transmitted via the output means (e.g., an output shaft) to the body to impart the output mean's motion and force upon the body. Alternatively, the output means can impart the motion and force output from the drive train to the gearbox housing whereby the output means is held sufficiently as to allow the gearbox housing to rotate.
Rotating power sources typically operate at higher rotational speeds than the devices that will use that power. Consequently, gearboxes not only transmit power but also convert speed into torque. The torque ratio of a gear train, also known as its mechanical advantage, is determined by the gear ratio. The energy generated from any power source has to go through the internal components of the gearbox in the form of stresses or mechanical pressure on the gear elements. Therefore, a critical aspect in any gearbox design comprises engineering the proper contact between the intermeshing gear elements. These contacts are typically points or lines on the gear teeth where the force concentrates. Because the area of contact points or lines in conventional gear trains is typically very low and the amount of power transmitted is considerable, the resultant stress along the points or lines of contact is in all cases very high. For this reason, designers of gearbox devices typically concentrate a substantial portion of their engineering efforts in creating as large a line of contact as possible or create as many simultaneous points of contacts between the two intermeshed gears in order to reduce the resultant stress experienced by the respective teeth of each gear.
Another important consideration in gearbox design is minimizing the amount of backlash between intermeshing gears. Backlash is the striking back of connected wheels in a piece of mechanism when pressure is applied. In the context of gears, backlash (sometimes called lash or play) is clearance between mating components, or the amount of lost motion due to clearance or slackness when movement is reversed and contact is re-established. For example, in a pair of gears backlash is the amount of clearance between mated gear teeth.
Theoretically, backlash should be zero, but in actual practice some backlash is typically allowed to prevent jamming. It is unavoidable for nearly all reversing mechanical couplings, although its effects can be negated. Depending on the application it may or may not be desirable. Typical reasons for requiring backlash include allowing for lubrication, manufacturing errors, deflection under load and thermal expansion. Nonetheless, low backlash or even zero backlash is required in many applications to increase precision and to avoid shocks or vibrations. Consequently, zero backlash gear train devices are in many cases expensive, short lived and relatively heavy.
Weight and size are yet another consideration in the design of gearboxes. The concentration of the aforementioned stresses on points or lines of contact in the intermeshed gear trains necessitates the selection of materials that are able to resist those forces and stresses. However, those materials are oftentimes relatively heavy, hard and difficult to manufacture.
Thus, a need exists for an improved and more lightweight gearbox mechanism, which is capable of handling high stress loads in points or lines of contact between its intermeshed gears. Further, a need exists for an improved and more lightweight gearbox mechanism having low or zero backlash that is less expensive to manufacture and more reliable and durable.


A vehicle-based equipment handling device is constructed by installing tracks into the vehicle along which a carriage slides. A yoke is attached to the carriage at pivot points and is caused to pivot by the action of an extension cylinder. The yoke engages the equipment at its approximate center of gravity to allow easier positioning of the equipment. When the yoke has been actuated by the piston to lift the equipment, the carriage slides along the tracks to load the equipment into the vehicle. One particularly useful application of the equipment handling device is as a loading and unloading device for a portable x-ray machine.

Many devices exist that are adapted to manipulate or otherwise handle cargo that is being loaded or unloaded from vehicles such as trucks, automobiles, and vans. These prior-art devices typically require modification of the vehicle in order to render the device operable for the loading and unloading operation. Typically, modification of the vehicle makes the vehicle less useful for other purposes and often results in an aesthetically unappealing structure. Additionally, such devices are generally rather cumbersome, complex to operate, expensive, and difficult to install and maintain.
Existing devices are particularly unsuitable for loading and unloading relatively bulky, awkwardly weighted, but fragile equipment such as portable x-ray machines or other sensitive medical equipment. Such devices require the operator to be quite strong to manually load or unload the equipment from the vehicle and do not orient the equipment in an appropriate position to facilitate handling and protect the equipment from damage.
Another shortcoming of existing cargo handling devices is that they are not designed to facilitate the loading of relatively tall cargo in a relatively short cargo space. There are many devices, such as portable x-ray machines, which must be transported in a protected cargo area. Any cargo area that provides adequate protection has a hard roof and, necessarily, a limited height. There are numerous devices that are relatively lightweight, but also relatively tall. Generally, vehicles large enough to carry such cargo are large, heavy-duty trucks which are expensive to purchase and operate. Inexpensive, light-duty vehicles such as station wagons are cheap to buy and operate, but lack tall cargo areas. If a device were available that permitted tall cargo to be oriented so as to fit in cargo areas of limited height, large cost savings could be realized.
Accordingly, a need has arisen for an equipment handling device that can load and unload relatively bulky and tall equipment, is easy to operate, protects the equipment from damage, and is easily installed in vehicles.


A computerized system and method for determining a discharge workload score for a patient and a discharge planner is provided. A first discharge data element for a patient is received and assigned a first value. A second discharge data element for the patient is received and assigned a second value to the second discharge data element. The first and second values are utilized to determine a discharge workload score for the patient. The one or more patients for a care planner are determined. The workload score for each of the one or more patients is accessed and the workload scores are utilized to determine an overall workload score for the care planner.

When a patient is discharged from a healthcare facility a case manager or discharge planner assists the patient with discharge activities. These discharge activities may include assessing a patient's support system, reviewing patient data, verifying benefit plans, obtaining and managing referrals, coordinating activities, providing education, managing a discharge plan of care, discharging the patient to different locations and with durable medical equipment and transportation. Some patient discharge plans are simple while others are complex and take a great deal of time to implement.
Currently, it is difficult to balance the workload of discharge case managers within a healthcare facility. Current systems do not determine the complexity of discharge plans for each patient and only look to the number of cases being handled by a case manager. Current systems also do not provide any method for tracking case managers who are dealing with complex-discharge plans and those who are dealing with less complex discharge plans. Thus, some case managers create multiple complex discharge plans for patients while others are dealing with simpler discharge plans.

System and method for managing discharge workload in healthcare environment


An adjusting device for lifting and lowering a workbench is provided between a workbench and a workbench rest. An adjusting seat is firmly secured with the workbench rest and an adjusting wheel is screwed and locked on the adjusting seat. A screwing fastener is inserted through the underside of the workbench and the adjusting wheel, and an elastic member is provided between an upper flange of the screwing fastener and the topside of a fixed plate of the workbench. Thus, by the prestress of the elastic member pushing against the workbench, the workbench can be surely driven by screw rotation of the adjusting wheel and hence the adjusting wheel can easily drive the workbench to move up and down.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a processing operation workbench, particularly to one provided with an adjusting device for lifting and lowering the workbench.
2. Description of the Prior Art
General processing operation will employ a workbench for placing a work piece to be processed to facilitate carrying out processing work. For instance, an abrasive belt machine used for woodwork grinding is provided with a workbench, and the workbench of a general abrasive belt machine is fitted thereon with a conveyer belt that is correspondingly provided with an abrasive belt wheel set so that when a work piece to be ground and processed is set on the conveyer belt, the work piece can be ground and processed by the abrasive belt wheel set.
However, after the conventional abrasive belt machine is used for a certain time and worn away and when the abrasive belt wheel set has to be replaced with a new one, or when the abrasive belt machine needs to be corrected and adjusted, the screwing fasteners that control tightness of the abrasive belt wheel set must be adjusted and corrected. But, the abrasive belt wheel set of the conventional abrasive belt machine is quite heavy and the screwing fasteners that lock the abrasive belt wheel set are numerous; therefore, when correcting and adjusting the abrasive belt machine, an operator usually has to waste much time and thus will influence work progress and greatly lower work efficiency. In view of such situation, the inventor of this invention, who has been engaged in production and marketing of related products for many years and has accumulated much technique and experience, actively carries out a research for ameliorating the defects of the conventional abrasive belt machine and hence devises this invention.

Adjusting device for lifting and lowering a workbench


An optical pickup device includes a liquid crystal element having transparent electrodes, one of which has a plurality of areas divided in a concentric manner. The liquid crystal element can compensate for a spherical aberration that is generated when information is reproduced or recorded on two types of optical recording media. When one of two light beams supporting the two types of optical recording media having a larger value of an effective diameter is a first light beam and the other having a smaller value is a second light beam, parts of areas located inside an effective diameter of the second light beam and areas located outside the same to which the same voltage is applied for compensating for a spherical aberration generated in the first light beam are connected electrically to be the same potential.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical pickup device for reproducing and recording information on an optical recording medium by projecting a light beam toward the optical recording medium. In particular, the present invention relates to reductions of size and cost of the optical pickup device having a liquid crystal element for compensating for a wave aberration.
2. Description of Related Art
Recent years, optical recording medium such as a compact disk (hereinafter referred to as a CD) or a digital versatile disk (hereinafter referred to as a DVD) has become commonplace and is used widely. Furthermore, in order to increase a quantity of information recorded on the optical recording medium, researches on the high density of the optical recording medium are being carried on. For example, a high density optical recording medium such as an HD-DVD or a Blu-Ray Disk (Registered Trademark; hereinafter referred to as a BD) is being available as a high quality DVD.
When information is reproduced or recorded on the optical recording medium, the optical pickup device is used for projecting a light beam toward the optical recording medium so that information can be recorded or be reproduced. The optical pickup device includes an objective lens having an appropriate numerical aperture (NA) and a light source having an appropriate wavelength in accordance with the type of the optical recording medium. For example, the objective lens for the CD has an NA of 0.50, and the light source for a CD has a wavelength of 780 nm. The objective lens for the DVD has an NA of 0.65, and the light source for the DVD has a wavelength of 650 nm. The objective lens from the HD-DVD has an NA of 0.65, and the light source for the HD-DVD has a wavelength of 405 nm. The objective lens for the BD has an NA of 0.85, and the light source has a wavelength of 405 nm.
Since the NA of the objective lens as well as the wavelength varies in accordance with the type of the optical recording medium as described above, different optical pickup devices may be used for different optical recording media. However, it is more convenient if a single optical pickup device can read or record information on a plurality of types of optical recording media. Such optical pickup devices have been developed in quantity. Among them, there is an optical pickup device disclosed in JP-A-2005-71424, for example, in which a single objective lens is used for reproducing and recording information on a plurality of types of optical recording media.
When supporting a plurality of types of optical recording media by using a single objective lens, even if the objective lens is adjusted so that a spherical aberration is not generated in one type of the optical recording medium for example, the spherical aberration may be generated when reproducing or recording information on other types of the optical recording media. Therefore, as shown in JP-A-2005-71424, it is common to arrange a liquid crystal panel in the optical pickup device and to control the voltage that is applied to the liquid crystal panel so that the spherical aberration is compensated. As the liquid crystal panel that is disposed for this purpose, a following type is described in JP-A-2005-71424 and other many documents, for example. In the type, a transparent electrode constituting the liquid crystal panel is divided into a plurality of areas in a concentric manner, and voltages applied to the areas are controlled so that the spherical aberration is compensated.
However, when the above-mentioned liquid crystal panel is used, it is necessary to increase the number of division of the concentric areas of the transparent electrode in order to compensate for the aberrations that are generated for the plurality of types of optical recording media. As a result, the number of electrodes and the number of wiring connections provided to the circuit board for controlling the liquid crystal panel are increased, and a size as well as a manufacturing cost of the optical pickup device is increased. Concerning this point, it is possible not to compensate for the aberration of the plurality of types of optical recording media completely but to compensate in general for the aberrations so that the number of electrodes provided to the circuit board can be reduced to a certain number, but there is a limitation in the reduction.
In addition, it is possible to reduce the number of electrodes and the number of wiring connections provided to the circuit board for controlling the liquid crystal panel by using a segment type liquid crystal panel that includes a plurality of transparent electrodes having a low resistance arranged in concentric manner and has neighboring electrodes connected to each other via a resister element having the same material as the transparent electrode, or by using a gradation type liquid crystal panel having a plurality of concentric electrodes having a low resistance on a transparent electrode of high resistance that is not divided, as shown in JP-A-2005-71424. In the case where this structure is adopted, however, the structure of the liquid crystal panel will become complicated in the first place. Furthermore, a manufacturing cost of the liquid crystal panel will be increased.


A arm chair with massaging wrist supports for supporting and massaging a user's wrists. The arm chair with massaging wrist supports includes a seat with a support structure for supporting the seat above a surface and a backrest coupled to the seat. A pair of armrests are coupled to opposite sides of the backrest. The armrests each have a wrist support upwardly extending from an upper face of the respective armrest. The wrist supports each have a lower base portion and a spaced apart pair of side portions upwardly extending from the base portion of the respective wrist support.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to arm chairs and more particularly pertains to a new arm chair with massaging wrist supports for supporting and massaging a user's wrists.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of arm chairs is known in the prior art. More specifically, arm chairs heretofore devised and utilized are known to consist basically of familiar, expected and obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art which have been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements.
Known prior art includes U.S. Pat. No. 4,884,846 by Tobler; U.S. Pat. No. 3,397,912 by Bush; U.S. Pat. No. 5,009,467 by McCoy; U.S. Pat. No. Des. 252,781 by Ball; U.S. Patent No. 5,536,070 by Lemmen; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,439,267 by Peterson et al.
While these devices fulfill their respective, particular objectives and requirements, the aforementioned patents do not disclose a new arm chair with massaging wrist supports. The inventive device includes a seat with a support structure for supporting the seat above a surface and a backrest coupled to the seat. A pair of armrests are coupled to opposite sides of the backrest. The armrests each have a wrist support upwardly extending from an upper face of the respective armrest. The wrist supports each have a lower base portion and a spaced apart pair of side portions upwardly extending from the base portion of the respective wrist support.
In these respects, the arm chair with massaging wrist supports according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of supporting and massaging a user's wrists.


An oil film bearing is disclosed for a rolling mill roll having a tapered neck leading to a reduced diameter end section. The bearing comprises an internally tapered sleeve received in a seated position on the tapered roll neck. The sleeve is journaled for rotation in a bushing fixed within a chock assembly. A tubular piston is received on and fixed relative to the reduced diameter end section of the roll. A cylinder is internally subdivided by the piston into first and second chambers. A sleeve ring abuts an end of the sleeve and a circular thrust component is interposed between and arranged to overlap adjacent segments of the sleeve ring and the piston. One or the other of the first and second chambers may be pressurized, whereupon pressurization of the first chamber will cause the cylinder to axially advance and act via the thrust component and the sleeve ring to urge the sleeve into its seated position, and pressurization of the second chamber will cause the cylinder to axially retract and act via the chock assembly and the bushing to withdraw the sleeve from its seated position.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to rolling mill oil film bearings for rolls having externally tapered necks, and is concerned in particular with an oil film bearing with an integral axially compact hydraulic mounting and locking assembly.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Bearings for tapered neck back-up rolls in flat rolling mills require an assembly that mounts and locks the bearings onto the roll necks. It is well known that hydraulic units built into the bearings are the most user-friendly type of mount and lock. The drawback is that traditional hydraulic mounts significantly increase the axial length of the bearing/roll assembly. This added length is a disadvantage in that it adds length to the bearing/roll assemblies, thus requiring heavier rolls, longer roll grinders, and wider mill foundations.
A need exists, therefore, for a more compact hydraulic mount that will make it possible to shorten the bearing/roll assembly, thereby reducing the system cost of the entire mill.

Oil film bearing with compact hydraulic mount


A system and method of delineating GFP data. The GFP framer comprises a candidate generator for generating an array of core header candidates from a data word received on a data bus, a candidate processor for generating a plurality of candidate tours and a frame delineator for identifying a candidate tour as an active tour and delineating the boundaries of the GFP frames defined by the active tour. Each core header candidate defines a reference position of one of the plurality of candidate tours. Each of the plurality of candidate tour comprises a record of core header positions for a series of GFP frames from the data word.

Generic Framing Procedure ("GFP") is an encapsulation technique defined by the International Telecommunication Union standard ITU-T G.7041. GFP provides mapping of traffic from higher-layer packet oriented client signals over a transport network.
In recent years, the bandwidth demand on telecommunications networks has increased dramatically. As a result, 100 Gigabit/second (100 Gbps) class protocols have been defined in IEEE Ethernet and in ITU-T Optical Transport Network. Four hundred Gigabits per second protocols and 1 Terabit per second protocols are expected to be defined in the near future. However, successive generations of CMOS technologies have only been able to reduce feature sizes, allowing for dramatically more gates per unit area, but have not significantly increased the speed of each gate. As the data rate rises according to increasing demand for bandwidth, processing elements must resort to using wider and wider internal data paths to cope with the bandwidth demands.
In a frame-mapped GFP mode, each upper-layer client packet is mapped to a single GFP client frame. A device receiving a stream of GFP data will need to demap the GFP data into the upper-layer packet data. A GFP demapper provides an ingress interface that is a digital constant bit rate (CBR) interface for receiving CBR-type GFP data, and an egress interface that is a digital packet interface for transmitting upper-layer packet data. The following discussion of characteristics of the GFP standard is relevant to the design of a GFP demapper.
In addition to providing GFP client frames, GFP also provides for GFP control frames, which are currently only functionally defined as idle frames. In the remainder of this disclosure, the terms GFP control frame and GFP idle frame will be used interchangeably.
GFP client frames are further divided into GFP client data frames, which carry client data in the payload bytes of the GFP frame, and GFP client management frames, which transport management information in the payload bytes of the GFP frame. Generally, a GFP client frame is comprised of a four-byte core header and a payload area of size ranging from 4 to 65535 bytes. In contrast, a GFP idle frame solely comprises the four-byte core header.
The core header comprises a 16-bit payload length indicator (PLI) field and a 16-bit core header error check (cHEC) field. Therefore, all GFP frames received on a bus include a four-byte core header, which, along with the PLI, can be used to delineate the boundaries of all of the frames. In order to provide a packet-like egress interface, the GFP demapper comprises a GFP framer for delineating the GFP frames received on the CBR-like ingress interface.
Generally, the GFP framer performs GFP frame delineation starting from a HUNT state by parsing an incoming stream of data, byte-by-byte, for a four-byte core header. The framer evaluates the 16-bit cHEC field of the core header, which is a 16-bit CRC code over the 32 bits of the core header. Once a correctly formatted core header is found, the framer looks to the PLI field to determine the expected location of the next core header. The cHEC field of the next core header is then evaluated, and if the core header is correctly formatted, the framer has identified two consecutive core headers. Depending on the application, two consecutive core headers may be enough synchronization for frame delineation. Otherwise, if synchronizing to more consecutive core headers is desired, the framer may repeat the process of determining a next expected core header from the PLI field and evaluating the cHEC field of the next expected core header for as many correctly formatted core headers as required.
If the data stream is incoming on a bus, then the framer performs frame delineation as described above on the data on the bus. However, there may be more than one delineated GFP frame on the bus. In fact, given the four-byte size of GFP idle frames and a data bus of large enough width, there may be a high probability that multiple GFP frames are resident on the data bus at any time. Delineating all of these frames on a bus in a single clock or data cycle becomes increasingly difficult as data paths increase in width.
In order to provide a packet-like egress interface, the GFP demapper also comprises a GFP frame unpacker because a packet interface transmits data bytes from one packet per clock or data cycle on a data bus. Thus, even delineated GFP frames on a data bus require further processing in order to unpack the frames from the data word into packets.
The GFP frame unpacker provides packetized GFP frames to upper-layer protocols. Unpacking logic unpacks the GFP frames into packetized format one at a time from the received data word on the bus. The unpacked GFP frame is attached with SOP and EOP tags. Together, the GFP framer and the GFP unpacker provide GFP frame demapping to upper-layer logic.
As bandwidth demand in a communications system increases, design choices often force the data paths in communications systems to grow increasingly wide. Therefore, an efficient and scalable GFP demapper for wide data bus applications is desirable.


A wall system which can be reconfigured and reused as needed, and which provides improved fire resistance and acoustical resistance, includes a plurality of edge connected panels having a solid structural core, a plurality of spaced apart structural studs attached to opposite faces of the panels, and a plurality of cover panels attached to outboard faces of the studs. The solid structural core comprising off-set gypsum panels forming a lipped edge which is adapted to connect to an adjacent solid core wall panel in overlapped interlocking relationship whereby improved acoustical and fire insulating properties are achieved.

Wall panel systems for interior construction in buildings are well known. However, conventional interior wall panel systems are generally comprised of a plurality of interconnected hollow core partition panels, which in many cases do not provide adequate acoustical resistance, and which provide less fire resistance than might be desired. Known wall panel systems which are comprised of solid core panels, such as gypsum wall panels, are not interconnected in edge to edge relationship, but are instead connected to studs which are interposed between adjacent panels. The studs in these wall systems are generally hollow. Accordingly, while these known systems having solid core wall panels provide improved acoustic resistance and possibly improved fire resistance with respect to more typical wall systems having hollow core partition panels, the hollow studs provide an acoustic gap having a lower acoustic resistance than the solid core wall panels connected thereto, thus diminishing the benefits of the acoustic insulating properties of the solid core wall panels. Therefore, because of the hollow studs, known wall systems incorporating solid core wall panels do not achieve optimum utilization of the sound insulating properties of the solid core panels. The hollow studs may also provide reduced fire resistance as compared with the solid core wall panels attached thereto, thus acting as gaps which are susceptible to fire propagation in an otherwise relatively fire resistant wall.
Another disadvantage with known wall panel systems incorporating solid core wall panels is that they do not facilitate selection of a variety of different wall coverings or skins which can be easily installed and dismounted and replaced with different wall coverings as desired. Instead, the known partition systems incorporating solid core wall panels generally have gypsum outer panels or other surfaces which can be painted or provided with a desired wall covering, such as wallpaper, which must be recovered in a conventional manner if a different wall covering is desired.
A further disadvantage with known wall panel systems incorporating solid core wall panels is that the do not provide means for facilitating utility modules, such as for supporting an electrical receptacle, means for facilitating mounting of furniture to the wall system, or means for facilitating connection of perpendicular walls (off-walls) off of the wall systems from generally any selected location along the wall system.
With respect to particular known wall systems, U.S. Pat. No. 4,356,672 to Beckman discloses a partition system including gypsum sheets that can be covered with paneling, wallpaper, paint or other materials. However, Beckman does not disclose a solid core wall, but instead discloses a wall having an internal space therein. U.S. Pat. No. 5,287,675 to McGee discloses a wall stud assembly including a solid wall interconnected by studs located between the solid wall sections. The solid wall sections extend between a ceiling channel and a floor channel. The studs between adjacent solid wall sections is generally hollow, thus providing an acoustical gap which may also be more susceptible to fire propagation than the panels connected thereto. Also, the solid core panels disclosed by McGee are not comprised of solid gypsum, but instead are comprised of a honeycomb core with vinyl covered hardboard on each side, or a non-combustible insulating core such as polystyrene foam with gypsum panels laminated to outer sides thereof. U.S. Pat. No. 4,881,352 to Glockstiein discloses a wall having gypsum panels secured to opposing sides of a centrally located metal stud. The wall disclosed by Glockstiein is filled with a material which provides thermal and acoustic insulating properties. U.S. Pat. No. 3,462,892 discloses an adaptor wall having utility modules supported in the wall, but the wall is hollow and does not include a solid core.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a reconfigurable and reusable wall system incorporating solid core panels which are arranged to provide improved fire resistance and acoustical resistance. It is a further object of this invention to provide a solid core partition wall system which is reconfigurable and reusable, provides improved fire resistance and acoustical resistance, and which extends from floor to ceiling to provide a level of privacy equivalent to that of a conventional permanent drywall construction. Another object of this invention is to provide a solid core partition wall which is reconfigurable and reusable, which will provide improved fire resistance and acoustical resistance, and which includes means for releasably attaching an outer covering or skin thereto. A still further object of this invention is to provide a reconfigurable and reusable solid core partition wall system exhibiting improved fire resistance and acoustical resistance, and having means for facilitating mounting of utility modules, such as for electrical receptacles, means for mounting furniture to the wall system, and means for facilitating attachment of walls from the partition system at generally any location along the wall system.