A graphical user interface (GUI) for presenting representations of selected objects in a computer system. The GUI presents an object selected from a collection of objects using a selected visual representation selected from at least first and second visual representations to be initiated using different initiation techniques. A first input control causes the selected object to be presented using another visual representation instead of the selected visual representation. A second input control causes another object to be presented instead of the selected object using any visual configuration that is currently used in presenting the selected object. The first and second input controls may be located in an object header area that remains essentially unchanged when changing between the at least first and second visual representations.

Many computer systems have a graphical user interface (GUI) that lets a user view and manipulate one or more objects. The objects are stored in a repository and can be selectively retrieved under guidance of the GUI, for example using a search function. The search may result in a list of objects that meet the search criteria, and the GUI may provide different ways for the user to inspect or edit the individual objects. With large repositories a large number of objects may be available to the user, and it becomes important to properly identify the specific object that is involved in any particular operation. Also, some objects include a large amount of data or may otherwise be complex or voluminous, and it is important to present object data this is relevant and useful for the particular situation.

User interface for presenting object representations


The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for straightening substantially tubular textile goods, such as socks, stockings, tights etc., which have an asymmetry, such as a reciprocated heel. According to the invention the textile goods are drawn onto a substantially cylindrical form, the form with the textile product drawn onto it is rotated about a longitudinal axis, during rotation the asymmetry position is detected as is the position of the form and finally the form is rotated into a predetermined position corresponding to the detected asymmetry position. Preferably, simultaneously the stitch pattern of the textile product drawn onto the form is inspected for faults and flaws.

Asymmetry is understood to mean both a shape asymmetry, such as e.g. the heel reciprocation of a stocking or the toe seam of a sock, as well as a colour or weave asymmetry, such as e.g. a woven in tracer thread. In addition, textile goods not only cover woven and knitted goods made from fibrous materials, but also those produced in other ways from other materials, which have comparable characteristics, particularly with regards to elasticity and surface properties.
With few exceptions, socks and stockings are produced on circular knitting machines with a so-called reciprocated heel. The socks leave the knitting machine substantially in the form of a tube, having at the end a special shape known as the gore-line. This end is closed with a seam and then forms the sock toe. In the cross-section of the textile product the toe seam and heel are at right angles to one another.
Following toe sewing, as well as following knitting, the socks are bleached or dyed. They leave the bleaching or dyeing plants in an unattractive form comparable to that of socks after washing and must then be brought into a saleable state by shaping. In additions the textile goods have to be inspected for knitting or weaving faults or flaws, in order to eliminate faulty products. For this purpose it is known to draw the socks or stockings onto a flat plate and then examine them from both sides.
These operations involve a large amount of tiresome manual work and rapidly lead to fatigue and consequently to errors on the part of the person carrying out this work.
It is therefore an object of the invention to simplify and improve the handling, processing and inspection of textile goods between the initial production stages such as knitting and dyeing and the final production stages such as shaping, folding or packing, whilst in particular reducing the extensive, tiresome manual work.

Method and apparatus for straightening substantially tubular textile goods


An image processing system includes a server device and an image processing device connected to the server device via a network. The image processing device includes a reading unit that reads out a document to obtain document information; and a print unit that prints the document information. The server device includes a storage unit that stores the document information and first positional information in association with each other, the first positional information indicating a position of the reading unit that has read out the document information; a communication unit that receives a print request including information for identifying the document information and second positional information that indicates a position of the print unit that prints the document information; and a determination unit that permits printing of the document information when at least a part of the first positional information matches with at least a part of the second positional information.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image processing system and an image processing method.
2. Description of the Related Art
An image processing system provided with an image processing device such as a multi function printer (MFP) and an information processing device has been utilized. Besides, a technique of storing document information read out from a document by a reading device and controlling an access to the document information has been known. Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2007-108976 discloses an information processing device that controls an access to information included in a business card image obtained by scanning a business card to prevent a leakage of personal information, for example.
However, such a conventional technique as explained above is at high risk for a leakage of confidential information such as personal information included in document information because the document information stored in an information processing device and the like can be printed by an arbitrary image processing device.
Therefore, there is a need for an image processing system and an image processing method which are capable of suppressing a risk for a leakage of confidential information included in document information.

Image processing system and image processing method


A method for managing contents of a web site. A request to access a web site is received from a requestor, wherein the web site comprises a sparse tree directory comprising elements used to build the web site. The sparse tree directory comprises a web site page hierarchy located at the root directory of a shape hierarchy, wherein the web site page hierarchy comprises a directory structure of the web application and the shape hierarchy defines user shapes accommodated by the web application. The sparse tree directory also comprises a first subdirectory corresponding to a first value of a dimension and a second subdirectory corresponding to a second value of the dimension, wherein the first subdirectory comprises a first element and the second subdirectory comprises a second element. A shape of the requestor is generated, wherein the shape defines elements that can be accommodated by the requestor. The sparse tree directory is cached. The sparse tree directory is searched for elements defined by the shape. A response to the request is created based on the shape.

Over the last two decades, the use of the Internet and the World Wide Web has expanded to virtually every corner of the world. Web pages provide forums to communicate with a large audience, whether it is to provide news and information, to facilitate commerce, or to simply provide enjoyment. Due to the global nature of the Internet, a typical web application can be accessed by a multitude of devices from a multitude of locales using different types of web site browsers. Further complicating the matter, devices and browsers may be customized to control the presentation of a web page. A document root of the web application contains the elements that make up the presentation of a web page on a browser. A document root is the file system that contains the elements (e.g., HTML and GIF files) of a web application. In a web server, the document root is the file system used to build a web page.
As explained above, it is desirable for a web application to be capable of handling interaction with multiple determining factors, such as different types of devices, locales, brands, browsers, and the like. In essence, in order to ensure the broadest audience for a web application, it is necessary for a web application to be able to deal with multiple instances of any determining factors that might affect the presentation or composition of web pages of the web application. Currently, a web application typically has a completely separate document root for each combination of determining factors for use in presenting the web pages of the web application. There are several problems associated with having multiple document roots for a web application.
For one, creating the contents of multiple document roots consumes a large amount of overhead. For example, consider an instance where a web application is intended for presentation on two different types of devices (e.g., a desktop computer and a handheld computer) supporting two different locales (e.g., English and Japanese) and two different browsers (e.g., Microsoft Explorer and Netscape Navigator). There are eight possible combinations of determining factors, each requiring its own document root. Since a web application may be intended for presentation on many different types of devices supporting many different locales and browser types, a web application may require hundreds of document roots to facilitate web page presentation. It can require substantial resources to create the required document roots.
Furthermore, while there are probably differences among several, if not all document roots of a web application, typically many elements are duplicated across several document roots. If an element needs to be changed, and it is duplicated across many document roots, it must be changed in every instance. As explained above, for web applications with a large number of document roots this can be substantially resource intensive, both financially and technically. In some instances, the effort to track duplicate elements and change them may be prohibitively expensive.
Currently, in order to limit the creation and maintenance time for document roots, a typical web application limits the combination of determining factors that it can be presented on. Unfortunately, this can substantially limit the viability of a web application by limiting the number of potential accesses. As the number of different types of devices and other determining factors continues to expand due to technical innovations, the number of potential accesses will continue to decrease.
Accordingly, a need exists for a method that provides for easy creation of document roots for a web application that requires less personnel and financial resources than currently required. Furthermore, a need exists for a method that satisfies the above need, and provides for easy maintenance of document roots of a web application. Also, a need exists for a method that satisfies the above needs, and provides for easy creation and maintenance of document roots for a wide array of determining factors.

Method for managing contents of a web site


Films, fibers, filaments, yarns and textiles including thermoplastic elastomeric compositions are described, as are methods of making the films, fibers, filaments, yarns and textiles. These films, fibers, filaments, yarns and textiles can be used to make articles of apparel, footwear, and sporting equipment. When thermoformed, the thermoplastic elastomeric compositions can impart abrasion resistance, traction, and other advantageous properties to the articles. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

Traditionally, vulcanized rubber has been used to provide traction and abrasion resistance to articles such as apparel, footwear and sporting equipment. The need to vulcanize the rubber at high temperatures and/or pressures typically makes it necessary to form a separate vulcanized rubber component which is then affixed to the article using adhesives or stitching or both, as other components of the article may not be able to withstand the temperatures and/or pressures required by the vulcanization process. Alternatively, in footwear uppers, crosslinked polyurethanes can be used as durable covering layers, synthetic leather textiles, or laminate film layers. A need remains for new materials that can provide the same types of protection as vulcanized rubber or crosslinked polyurethane in addition to traction or abrasion resistance or both, and for new ways of incorporating these materials into articles.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Textiles and articles and processes for making the same


A exclusion control method includes setting, for at least one or more operation information defining operations for an information processing apparatus and being included in a plurality of work flow information that indicate operation procedures, exclusive sections that indicate units of exclusion control performing an exclusive lock, calculating priorities of the exclusive sections using operation importance level information that indicate importance levels of the operations according to types of the operation information and operation urgency level information that indicate an urgency levels of the operations, when the operations are executed based on the operation information corresponding to the exclusive sections of the plurality of workflow information, and executing the exclusion control in the exclusive sections for a plurality of workflow based on the priorities, when a competitive regarding the exclusive lock occurs between the exclusive sections.

Business systems are configured by setting up a large number of pieces of IT equipment (servers, storage, networks, and the like) and using operating systems (OS)/middleware/applications that are installed in the IT equipment. A plurality of such business systems may be running. Data centers perform operational tasks, such as monitoring or maintenance, for such business systems.
Equipment for automating operational tasks (for example, runbook automation equipment) creates a workflow describing the operational tasks to be automated. At this point, the operational manager takes into consideration the simultaneous execution of a plurality of workflows, and performs mutual exclusion by adding exclusive sections to the workflows and by performing scheduling that defines the order of the workflows. The following techniques are for automatically managing such workflows.
For example, with computer software applications, there is a method of managing message flows in which messages are processed in parallel using process nodes. Process nodes include at least one set of a lock acquisition node, a system resource access node, and a lock release node, which are mutually connected on a flow path. In such a set, these nodes are mutually connected on a flow path, and each message is processed in an order defined by the flow path. In response to the lock acquisition node having processed each message, the processing for each message in the set is exclusively permitted access to system resources. In response to the processing of the message by a system resource access node of the set, system resource access for the message is granted. Access to resources for the messages includes changes to certain system states. The exclusive access to system resources is released in response to the processing of the message by the lock release node of the set.
Japanese National Publication of International Patent Application Number 2006-511857 is an example of the related art.

Computer-readable recording medium, exclusion control apparatus, and exclusion control method


The drill bit according to the present invention provides an advanced, carbide tipped, coolant feed, two-fluted deep hole drill capable of drilling a wider variety of materials deeper and faster than presently known drills of similar construction. Specifically, a deep hole drill bit includes a cutting tip with a fitting end having "V" shaped profile with an apex edge extending along a plane which is substantially aligned with the cutting edges of the cutting tip. The drill bit additionally includes a drill shaft having a distal end adapted to be matingly fitted to the fitting end of the cutting tip. This joint structure allows the shaft to naturally push behind the drill tip to provide enhanced strength and support during drilling. In this manner, the contact area between the drill tip and the shaft is maximized, with the contact area being greatest towards the base of the "V", where the compressive forces are also greatest, i.e., along the cutting edges.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a drill bit which may be used for deep hole drilling. More particularly, the drill bit includes at least one passage for through coolant, and is carbide tipped for use on a gun drilling machine, or most manual or computer controlled machine tools such as lathes, and/or milling and boring machines with stationary and/or rotary toolholders.
2. Description of the Related Art
Drilling deep holes efficiently has always been problematic in the metalworking industry. Prior art methods include the use of long twist drills of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,548,688. These drills must be retracted many times during the drilling process to remove chips formed as the bore is being produced.
Drill bits that provide for a coolant feeding use coolant under pressure to flush away the chips and have been found to be more effective, such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 2,954,712.
Both of the drill types mentioned above, being of steel construction, are limited to use with softer materials as harder materials severely limit tool life due to rapid wear of the tip. Furthermore, deep twist drills produce holes with inaccurate bore diameters and poor straightness and finish quality. Although the diameter tolerance of the hole may be flexible in certain applications, the prior art long twist drills may not even produce holes which meet such allowances.
Another alternative is the carbide tipped, single-flute gun drill as exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 2,325,535. The diameter of the hole produced is often within a much better tolerance than required, due to the self-piloting and burnishing action of the tip. The single-fluted drill, formerly used exclusively on specialty built gundrilling machines, is now finding favorable applications on standard machine tools such as lathes, milling and boring machines, either manual or computer (CNC) controlled, with through tool, high pressure coolant, or air pressure and lubricant combined as a spraymist.
The single-flute gun drill method, although somewhat slow, remains as the best choice for deep holes with tight tolerances. Where hole tolerance is more flexible, however, it is desirable to provide a carbide tipped, coolant feed drill capable of drilling a wide variety of materials at a more productive feed rate.
This need has been partially addressed by two-flute, carbide tipped, coolant feed drills presently known in the art. There are currently several varieties on the market, each having similar construction with straight or helical flutes. Variants designed for deep holes all have flutes that are either milled from steel rod or central crimped tubing.
Most of the prior art two-flute drills provide a carbide tip with a thick web between the two cutting surfaces which leaves very limited clearance for chips, rendering their use to only the most free chipping ferrous and non-ferrous materials, i.e., gray cast iron, brass, or cast aluminum.
Additionally, various configurations have been designed to matingly fit the carbide tip to the distal end of the drill shaft. The contact area of these designs, however, are such that forces exerted on the brazed joint during the drilling process are concentrated on the braze material, which can result in weakening of the joint to cause separation of the shaft from the tip when used in materials which are harder than those noted above.
For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,567, and as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 of the present disclosure, the contact surfaces between the drill tip and the drive shaft form a "V" shaped profile, wherein the planar axis of the "V" is in line with the crimp of the tube. This design produces a torque force concentrated on the braze material and thus relies on the strength of the braze material to maintain contact at the joint.
Any attempt to use the prior art carbide-tipped drills on materials which do not chip easily or on harder materials such as steel, for example, will result in failure due to heavy loading of the tip, and/or failure due to insufficient clearance in the flutes for the larger sized chips which are produced when drilling certain types of material, e.g., steel. These problems are compounded where the drill length is long and/or the operating conditions are less than ideal, i.e., worn or dull drill tip, coolant pressure too low, speed and/or feed too high, etc.
Carbide drills with more efficient grinds are generally limited to shorter length tools, typically those having a shaft length less than ten times the tip diameter (longer lengths become very costly in solid shaft construction). Even successful results obtained using shorter length drills are often achieved due to the physical strength of the drill assembly allowing for the mis-application of one or more operating parameters, i.e., less than rigid set-up, incorrect speed or feed, low coolant pressure, improper drill start, etc. When the drill shaft length is greater than ten times the tip diameter, the designs of the two-flute drills presently known in the art are so limiting that all operating conditions have to be precise to ensure a satisfactory result.


The present invention relates to phenyl amino pyrimidine compounds which are inhibitors of protein kinases including JAK kinases. In particular the compounds are selective for JAK2 kinases. The kinase inhibitors can be used in the treatment of kinase associated diseases such as immunological and inflammatory diseases including organ transplants; hyperproliferative diseases including cancer and myeloproliferative diseases; viral diseases; metabolic diseases; and vascular diseases.

JAKs are kinases which phosphorylate a group of proteins called Signal Transduction and Activators of Transcription or STATs. When phosphorylated, STATs dimerize, translocate to the nucleus and activate expression of genes which lead to, amongst other things, cellular proliferation.
The central role played by the JAK family of protein tyrosine kinases in the cytokine dependent regulation of both proliferation and end function of several important cell types indicates that agents capable of inhibiting the JAK kinases are useful in the prevention and chemotherapeutic treatment of disease states dependent on these enzymes. Potent and specific inhibitors of each of the currently known four JAK family members will provide a means of inhibiting the action of the cytokines that drive immunological and inflammatory diseases.
Myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) include, among others, polycythemia vera (PV), primary myelofibrosis, thrombocythemia, essential thrombocythemia (ET), idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), systemic mastocytosis (SM), chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL), myelodisplastic syndrome (MDS) and systemic mast cell disease (SMCD). JAK2 is a member of the JAK family of kinases in which a specific mutation (JAK2V617F) has been found in 99% of polycythemia vera (PV) patients and 50% of essential thrombocytopenia (ET) and idiopathic myelofibrosis (MF). This mutation is thought to activate JAK2, giving weight to the proposition that a JAK2 inhibitor will be useful in treating these types of diseases.
Asthma is a complex disorder characterized by local and systemic allergic inflammation and reversible airway obstruction. Asthma symptoms, especially shortness of breath, are a consequence to airway obstruction, and death is almost invariably due to asphyxiation. Airway Hyper Responsiveness (AHR), and mucus hyper secretion by goblet cells are two of the principle causes of airway obstruction in asthma patients. Intriguingly recent work in animal experimental models of asthma has underscored the importance of IL-13 as a key player in the pathology of asthma. Using a specific IL-13 blocker, it has been demonstrated that IL-13 acts independently of IL-4 and may be capable of inducing the entire allergic asthma phenotype, without the induction of IgE (i.e., in a non-atopic fashion). This and other models have pointed to an important second tier mechanism for elicitating the pathophysiology of asthma, that is not dependent on the production of IgE by resident B-cells or the presence of eonisophils. A direct induction of AHR by IL-13, represents an important process that is likely to be an excellent target for intervention by new therapies. A contemplated effect of a JAK2 inhibitor to the lungs would result in the suppression of the local release of IL-13 mediated IgE production, and therefore reduction in histaminine release by mast cells and eosinophils. This and other consequences of the absence of IL-13 indicate that many of the effects of asthma may be alleviated through administration of a JAK2 inhibitor to the lungs.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a term which refers to a large group of lung diseases which can interfere with normal breathing. Current clinical guidelines define COPD as a disease state characterized by airflow limitation which is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually both progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles and gases, particularly cigarette smoke and pollution. Several studies have pointed to an association between increased production of IL-13 and COPD, lending support to the proposition that the potential alleviation of asthma symptoms by use of a JAK2 inhibitor, may also be achieved in COPD. COPD patients have a variety of symptoms including cough, shortness of breath, and excessive production of sputum. COPD includes several clinical respiratory syndromes including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Chronic bronchitis is a long standing inflammation of the bronchi which causes increased production of mucus and other changes. The patient's symptoms are cough and expectoration of sputum. Chronic bronchitis can lead to more frequent and severe respiratory infections, narrowing and plugging of the bronchi, difficult breathing and disability.
Emphysema is a chronic lung disease which affects the alveoli and/or the ends of the smallest bronchi. The lung loses its elasticity and therefore these areas of the lungs become enlarged. These enlarged areas trap stale air and do not effectively exchange it with fresh air. This results in difficult breathing and may result in insufficient oxygen being delivered to the blood. The predominant symptom in patients with emphysema is shortness of breath.
Additionally, there is evidence of STAT activation in malignant tumors, among them lung, breast, colon, ovarian, prostate and liver cancer, as well as Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chromosomal translocations involving JAK2 fusions to Tel, Bcr and PCM1 have been described in a number of hematopoietic malignancies including chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), myelodisplastic syndrome (MDS), myeloproliferative disease (MPD) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). This suggests treatment of hyperproliferative disorders such as cancers including multiple myeloma; prostate, breast and lung cancer; Hodgkin's Lymphoma; CML; AML; CEL; MDS; ALL; B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; metastatic melanoma; glioma; and hepatoma, by JAK inhibitors is indicated.
Potent inhibitors of JAK2, in addition to the above, will also be useful in vascular disease such as hypertension, hypertrophy, cardiac ischemia, heart failure (including systolic heart failure and diastolic heart failure), migraine and related cerebrovascular disorders, stroke, Raynaud's phenomenon, POEMS syndrome, Prinzmetal's angina, vasculitides, such as Takayasu's arteritis and Wegener's granulomatosis, peripheral arterial disease, heart disease and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a pulmonary vascular disease affecting the pulmonary arterioles resulting in an elevation in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance but with normal or only mildly elevated left-sided filling pressures. PAH is caused by a constellation of diseases that affect the pulmonary vasculature. PAH can be caused by or associated with collagen vascular disorders such as systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), uncorrected congenital heart disease, liver disease, portal hypertension, HIV infection, Hepatitis C, certain toxins, splenectomy, hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia, and primary genetic abnormalities. In particular, a mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor (a TGF-b receptor) has been identified as a cause of familial primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). It is estimated that 6% of cases of PPH are familial, and that the rest are "sporadic." The incidence of PPH is estimated to be approximately 1 case per 1 million population. Secondary causes of PAH have a much higher incidence. The pathologic signature of PAH is the plexiform lesion of the lung which consists of obliterative endothelial cell proliferation and vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy in small precapillary pulmonary arterioles. PAH is a progressive disease associated with a high mortality. Patients with PAH may develop right ventricular (RV) failure. The extent of RV failure predicts outcome. The JAK/STAT pathway has recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of PAH. JAKs are kinases which phosphorylate a group of proteins called Signal Transduction and Activators of Transcription or STATs. When phosphorylated, STATs dimerize, translocate to the nucleus and activate expression of genes which lead to proliferation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and cause hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes. There are three different isoforms of JAK: JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3. Another protein with high homology to JAKs is designated TYK2. An emerging body of data has shown that the phosphorylation of STAT3, a substrate for JAK2, is increased in animal models of PAH. In the rat monocrotaline model, there was increased phosphorylation of the promitogenic transcription factor STAT3. In this same study pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) treated with monocrotaline developed hyperactivation of STAT3. A promitogenic agent or protein is an agent or protein that induces or contributes to the induction of cellular proliferation. Therefore, one effect of JAK2 inhibition would be to decrease proliferation of endothelial cells or other cells, such as smooth muscle cells. A contemplated effect of a JAK2 inhibitor would be to decrease the proliferation of endothelial cells or other cells which obstruct the pulmonary arteriolar lumen. By decreasing the obstructive proliferation of cells, a JAK2 inhibitor could be an effective treatment of PAH.
Additionally the use of JAK kinase inhibitors for the treatment of viral diseases and metabolic diseases is indicated.
Although the other members of the JAK family are expressed by essentially all tissues, JAK3 expression appears to be limited to hematopoetic cells. This is consistent with its essential role in signalling through the receptors for IL-2, IL4, IL-7, IL-9 and IL-15 by non-covalent association of JAK3 with the gamma chain common to these multichain receptors. Males with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) have defects in the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma c) gene that encodes a shared, essential component of the receptors of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15. An XSCID syndrome in which patients with either mutated or severely reduced levels of JAK3 protein has been identified, suggesting that immunosuppression should result from blocking signalling through the JAK3 pathway. Gene Knock out studies in mice have suggested that JAK3 not only plays a critical role in B and T lymphocyte maturation, but that JAK3 is constitutively required to maintain T cell function. Taken together with the biochemical evidence for the involvement of JAK3 in signalling events downstream of the IL-2 and IL-4 receptor, these human and mouse mutation studies suggest that modulation of immune activity through the inhibition of JAK3 could prove useful in the treatment of T-cell and B-cell proliferative disorders such as transplant rejection and autoimmune diseases. Conversely undesired inhibition of JAK3 could have a devastating effect on the immune status of an individual treated with drug.
Although the inhibition of various types of protein kinases, targeting a range of disease states, is clearly beneficial, it has been to date demonstrated that the identification of a compound which is selective for a protein kinase of interest, and has good "drug like" properties such as high oral bioavailability, is a challenging goal. In addition, it is well established that the predictability of inhibition, or selectivity, in the development of kinase inhibitors is quite low, regardless of the level sequence similarity between the enzymes being targeted.
The challenges in developing therapeutically appropriate JAK2 inhibitors for use in treatment kinase associated diseases such as immunological and inflammatory diseases including organ transplants; hyperproliferative diseases including cancer and myeloproliferative diseases; viral diseases; metabolic diseases; and vascular diseases include designing a compound with appropriate specificity which also has good drug-likeliness.
There is therefore a continuing need to design and/or identify compounds which specifically inhibit the JAK family of kinases, and particularly compounds which may preferentially inhibit one of the JAK kinases relative to the other JAK kinases, particularly JAK2. There is a need for such compounds for the treatment of a range of diseases.

Phenyl amino pyrimidine compounds and uses thereof


An interleaving order generator for a turbo encoder/decoder prevents bottlenecks incurred when temporarily storing a generated interleaving pattern. An interleaving order generator, an interleaver, a turbo encoder, and a turbo decoder realizes a minimum parameter transfer to reduce bottlenecks in the interface, even when the data rate is varied and the interleave length is frequently changed. The interleaving order generator enables a sufficient data transfer rate for providing multi-media services.

The present invention relates to a prime interleaver used for W-CDMA in the IMT 2000 (third-generation mobile communication system), and more particularly, to an interleaving sequence generator, an interleaver, a turbo encoder, and a turbo decoder, having a reduced memory for the interleaving sequence generator.
The wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) is standardized as one of radio access networks (RANs) in the third-generation mobile communication system (IMT 2000). An internal interleaver for turbo coding, so-called prime interleaver is standardized. This primer interleaver is disclosed in detail in "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD) (Release 1999) 3G TS25.212 V3.3.0 (2000-06), Section 22.214.171.124.3 "Turbo code internal interleaver" pp. 16–20".
The turbo encoder comprises a plurality of component encoders. The interleaver decorrelation the parity sequences from the component encoders. The component encoders are concatenated via the interleaver. The interleaver plays an important role in achieving good performance of turbo coding.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a conventional turbo encoder. Referring to FIG. 15, the turbo encoder comprises a plurality of recursive systematic convolutional encoders 1502 and 1503, and an interleaver 1501. The recursive systematic convolutional encoders 1502 and 1503 comprise an adder and a unit delay element. An information bit, a parity bit 1, and a parity bit 2 are output every bit of information series that is inputted to the turbo encoder. The interleaver 1501 is inserted in front of the component encoder 1503 so as to decrease the correlation between the parity bit 1 and the parity bit 2.
FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a conventional turbo decoder. The turbo decoder comprises two soft input/soft output decoder (also referred to as soft-in/soft-out decoders, hereinafter, abbreviated to SISOs) 1603 and 1604, two interleavers 1601 and 1602, and two deinterleavers 1606 and 1607 which restores the sequence to its original order. A splitter 1605 splits parity sequence 1 and 2 into the corresponding SISOs, and a detector 1608 detects that the finally-obtained soft output data is subjected to the hard decision as binary data.
FIG. 17 shows an example of the conventional interleaver for permuting based on the unit of bit data in the interleaving sequence stored (stored as an interleave pattern table) in a RAM. In data series 1701 for interleaving, the data series is permuted in the bit sequence by a RAM 1702 which stores the interleaving sequence based on the interleaving pattern table, and thus data series 1703 after interleaving is obtained.
As shown by reference numeral 1702, in the relationship between an output of the RAM 1702 and the interleaving pattern table, from the pattern table having R blocks with a length p based on a prime p, data is read in accordance with the longitudinal sequence of 0, 8, 4, 12, 2, . . . as shown by an arrow so as to obtain the data series 1703 after interleaving.
According to the standard 3G TS 25.212 V3.3.0 (2000-06) of the IMT 2000 (W-CDMA), 5075 types of interleaving patterns must be provided with the interleaving length of 1 to 40 to 5114 bits based on the unit of bit for various multi-media service. The pattern table corresponding to the entire interleaving lengths requires the numerous memory capacity and this it not realistic. The particle "3G TS25.212 V3.3.0 (2000-06) or Turbo code internal interleaver p. 16 to p. 20 in 126.96.36.199.3 section" discloses a scheme for generating the patterns by a predetermined operation in accordance with the interleaving lengths, instead of storing the entire types of patterns.
In the prime interleaver disclosed in the particle "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD) (Release 1999) 3G TS 25.212 V3.3.0 (2000-06) or V4.0.0 (2000-12) (Section 18.104.22.168.3 "Turbo code internal interleaver" pp. 16–20)", when the data length is p based on the prime p and the number of blocks is R, and the base sequence S(j) for intra-row sequence permutation is obtained as follows by using a characteristic p and a primitive root ν on the finite field (intra-row permutation processing).s(j)=[ν·s(j−1)]mod p, j=1,2, . . . (p−2), and s(0)=1 (1)This is shown as Table. Next, R numbers of q(i) relatively prime to a number (p−1) obtained by subtracting one from the characteristic on the finite field are obtained. Finally, the sequence of rows is permuted based on the unit of row (inter-row permutation processing). The inter-row permutation is executed based on a predetermined pattern T(i). As the interlacing pattern in this case, a lattice pattern for increasing the free distance of the intra-rows is used.
In the i-th intra-row permutation, the following processing is executed.Ui(j)=s([j·ri]mod(p−1)), j=0, 1, 2, . . . , (p−2), and Ui(p−1)=0, (2)where, Ui(j) indicates the bit position before permutation, corresponding to the output position after the j-th intra-row permutation of the i-th row before the permutation, an equation of rT(i)=q(i) is established, and T(i) is the position of the i-th row before the above-defined permutation.
One example of the data length K=257 will be described. When the number of rows R in the two-dimensional matrix is 20, the number of columns p expressed by the prime p is 257/20=12.85. Consequently, the prime p that is not less than 12.85 and is the closet is 13. When the characteristic is 13, a primitive root ν is 2 on the finite field.
Then, the base sequence S(j) for inter-row permutation is derived by using the primitive root ν=2 based on the formula (1). If p=13 and ν=2, then,{s(j)}={1, 2, 4, 8, 3, 6, 12, 11, 9, 5, 10, 7, 0}Finally, zero is inserted.
Next, in the above-mentioned example in the case of p=13, R=20 numbers of q(i) relatively prime to the number (p−1) obtained by subtracting one from the characteristic on the finite field are obtained. Consequently, the following result is obtained.{q(i)}={1, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79}
Finally, based on the above formula (2), the inter-row permutation processing is performed with the row as a unit based on the predetermined pattern. The permutation pattern between the rows is obtained for increasing the free distance in the case of R=20. That is,Par1:{T(i)}={19, 9, 14, 4, 0, 2, 5, 7, 12, 18, 10, 8, 13, 17, 3, 1, 16, 6, 15, 11}.
Further, rT(i)=q(i), then,rT(1)=q(1)=1=r19rT(2)=q(2)=7=r9rT(3)=q(3)=11=r14:rT(19)=q(19)=73=r15rT(20)=q(20)=79=r11
The bit position Ui(j) is obtained by substituting the above values into the formula (2).
According to the above-mentioned conventional art, the bit position Ui(j) is calculated by software processing such as DSP (digital signal processor) or the like. In addition, the resultant data is transferred to the large-scale RAM 1702 shown in FIG. 17 for the interleaving processing.
Meanwhile, in the turbo decoder, the iterated decoding is performed. For example, in the case of decoding the received data of 2 Mbps with 8 iterations, the access to the above-mentioned interleaving sequence requires the fast operation, e.g., tens MHz. In order to respond to the requirement, the pattern generated in accordance with the above calculations is temporarily stored in a fast memory, and the memory structure needs the access having tens MHz.
However, the capacity of the memory (RAM) requires 66,482 bits (=5,114×13 bits), and greatly shares the turbo decoder. Further, it is necessary to transfer the data to the RAM for interleaving in the turbo decoder which actually performs the processing of the patterns generated based on the above calculations and the interface further needs the transfer of another data. Thus, there is a bottleneck on the interface.
Further, when the variable-rate function is provided, the interleaving length is frequently changed. In this case, the bottle neck on the interface further becomes serious and there is a problem that the rate does not follow the transfer rate in the multi-media service.
As mentioned above, the internal interleaver in the turbo decoder used for the mobile communication system corresponding to various multi-media services needs various interleaving lengths. Therefore, various interleaving patterns are necessary and a numerous memory capacity is required. Further, the fast data needs to temporarily store the interleaving pattern in a fast memory and, then, the fast memory capacity is necessary. This increases the circuit scale. Further, the service having a variable-rate function has the interface congestion due to the parameter transfer.

Interleaving order generator, interleaver, turbo encoder, and turbo decoder


An audio signal recording and playback apparatus of a magnetic recording and playback apparatus operates to record and play back multiple audio signals together with a video signal in first and second recording areas formed in correspondence to audio signals of first and second sets each consisting of two channels. Among input stereo audio signals in four channels at most, two-channel signals corresponding to left and right side information are recorded as main audio signals in the first recording area and remaining two-channel signals are recorded selectively as ancillary audio signals in the second record area.

This invention relates to a magnetic recording and playback apparatus operative to record and play back audio signals in multiple channels and a video signal, and particularly to a magnetic recording and playback apparatus capable of recording and playing back multiple audio signals in the high-definition television signal form.
Magnetic tape recording and playback apparatuses intended for home use, i.e., rotary head, helical-scan video tape recorders (VTRs), have been designed to meet the NTSC standard television signal form (or PAL or SECAM signal form in Europe). Recently, development and commercialization of HDTV (high definition television), which is also called "high vision", for reproducing higher quality pictures have begun. High-definition VTRs are divided into the analog recording system and digital recording system, as described in an article entitled "Special issue: Annual report on television, Section 4-2, HDTV (high vision)", in the publication of The Institute of Television Engineers of Japan, Vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 655-657, published in 1988. A specific example of analog high-definition VTRs is described in the Technical Report of the above institute, ppOE56-2, pp. 7-11, published on Nov. 28 1984, and a specific example of digital high-definition VTRs is described in an article entitled "Special issue: Recent magnetic and optical recording techniques, Section 5.1, Digital VTR" in the publication of the above institute, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 338-346, published in 1988.
In regard to audio signals in the high-definition television, or high vision, system, commercialization is under way for the system which provides enhanced sound realism by using four channels (left channel L, right channel R, center channel C, and rear channel S), as described in the publication of the above-mentioned institute, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 228-233. Accordingly, it is, desirable for high-definition VTRs to have the ability for recording and playing back audio signals in four channels.
Conventionally, in the case of an analog recording high-definition VTR, analog audio signals are recorded in two channels in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape, while in the case of a digital recording high-definition VTR, audio signals are recorded in eight channels in the longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape.
In a NTSC-based composite digital VTR (D.sub.2 -type VTR), although this is not a high-definition VTR, digital audio signals are recorded in four channels in the rotary head scanning direction in an area different from that of the video signal track.

Audio signal recording and playback apparatus of magnetic recording and playback apparatus


A method of manufacturing a porous fluid treatment element, e.g. a filter element, includes forming a layered structure having at least two layers and subjecting the layered structure to at least a heat treatment. The step of forming a layered structure includes forming a first layer including particulate matter including at least a binder and applying a second layer including particulate matter including at least a binder directly onto the first layer on a first side thereof. The step of forming a layered structure further includes applying at least one of radiation and heat to at least the first side of the first layer prior to applying the second layer.

WO 98/10855 A1 discloses porous structures and processes for the manufacture thereof. In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises a movable belt, providing a flat surface, the belt being driven by a motor. Above the surface is a first hopper which dispenses a first type of media, which is uniformly laid out by a doctor blade or roller. A second hopper is provided downstream from the first, to dispense an intermediate layer of media, which is again uniformly laid out by a roller. Further downstream is a third hopper, which dispenses a third type of media, which is also uniformly laid out by a roller. As a result, a product is formed which can be densified on the belt by means not shown to form the green product, or subsequently densified. It is disclosed that one could also form multi-layered products with two or more zones or layers of different character by sequentially compressing an added layer over a previously made flat structure. To do so would merely require the step of feeding a subsequent layer of another media composite, prior to heating, followed by densification of all the layers.
WO 95/03019 A1 discloses a manufacturing apparatus comprising a production line fed by three reels of a web-like containing and supporting material. An amount of absorbent material is deposited onto the web material from the reels at a depositing station. The deposition is achieved by means of a dispenser comprising two containers arranged in sequence from which the materials are poured. The absorbent material is blended in advance with a bonding agent, in particle, fibre or powder form, which can be activated by application of heat. Immediately downstream of the deposition station, rollers are provided for locally removing super-absorbent polymers (SAP) or other absorbent material. Then the web passes through a sticking station provided with means for applying heat such as, for example, an infrared oven, or heaters capable of blowing hot air, or other known devices. At a subsequent gluing station, a dispenser applies longitudinal lines or stripes of an adhesive material onto the web. Downstream of the dispenser, two calibrating or pressure rollers join together the web-like sheet from a further reel and the sheet, thus covering and enclosing between them the absorbent materials without any appreciable compression thereof. The joining of the two sheets occurs along the adhesive stripes. Downstream of the rollers, the apparatus provides for an arrangement that is substantially similar to the one already illustrated, with a deposition station, rollers for locally removing the SAP material, a sticking station and a gluing station that are substantially similar to the previous ones.
A problem of dispensing multiple layers of media directly onto one another before forming a green product is that the media mix at the interfaces, so that the layers are not very well defined and have deviating properties, in particular pore sizes and porosities, in the region of the interface between two layers. This problem also occurs when layers of different character are sequentially compressed over a flat structure made previously, because the compression results in extra mixing of the media.

Method and apparatus for use in manufacturing a filter element


A substrate stage mechanism (10) configured to place a substrate (W) thereon inside a process container of a substrate processing apparatus (100) and having a substrate heating function for heating the substrate (W) includes a substrate table (11) including a base body (11a) configured to place the substrate (W) thereon and a heating element (13) provided to the base body (11a) and configured to heat the substrate (W); a support member (12) having an upper end connected to the substrate table (11) and a lower end attached to the process container; and a heating device (17) configured to heat the support member (12).

In the sequence of manufacturing semiconductor devices, a vacuum process, such as a CVD film forming process or plasma etching process, is performed on a target substrate or semiconductor wafer. During such a process, the target substrate or semiconductor wafer is heated by a substrate table serving as a heater, so that the semiconductor wafer is set at a predetermined temperature.
As a heater of this kind, a stainless heater is conventionally used, but, in recent years, there has been proposed use of a ceramic heater, which is corrosion-resistant relative to halogen family gases used in the processes described above and has a high thermal efficiency (Patent Document 1 and so forth). The ceramic heater includes a heating element made of a refractory metal and embedded in a base body made of a compacted ceramic sintered body, such as AlN, which serves as a table for placing a target substrate thereon.
Where a substrate table comprising a ceramic heater is used in a substrate processing apparatus, the bottom of the substrate table is connected to one end of a support member formed of a ceramic cylinder, while the other end of the support member is connected to the bottom of a chamber. Electric feed lines for feeding electricity to the heating element are disposed in the support member and connected to terminals of the heating element. A power supply is externally disposed to feed electricity through the electric feed lines and electric feed terminals to the heating element.
A substrate table comprising a ceramic heater includes electric feed terminals near the junction to the support member, and thus the heating element inevitably has a lower density at this portion. Further, at the junction of the substrate table to the support member, heat can be discharged by thermal conduction through the support member. Consequently, cool spots (portions having a lower temperature than the portions around them) are generated around the junction of the substrate table, and thermal stress concentration occurs at these portions and brings about cracks near the junction with a considerable frequency. If the temperature around the junction is increased by the heating element embedded in the substrate table to solve this problem, the temperature distribution on the substrate mount face of the substrate table is less optimized to the process.
Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose techniques for relaxing the thermal stress at the junction thereby preventing crack generation, but these techniques require complicate shaping mainly for the support member. Further, in recent years, along with an increase in the size of semiconductor wafers, the size of substrate tables have also increased. This trend makes it less effective to rely on the shape of the support member in relaxing the thermal stress, and thus makes it difficult to reliably prevent crack generation.
[Patent Document 1]
Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 7-272834
[Patent Document 2]
Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2001-250858
[Patent Document 3]
Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2003-289024

Substrate stage mechanism and substrate processing apparatus


The present invention relates to a black dye composition, comprising:                (a) a compound of the following formula (I),

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a black dye composition and a black ink composition suitable for paper ink-jet printing.
2. Description of the Related Prior Art
Ink-jet printing is a non-impact printing method, and the involved features thereof include sharp, non-feathering patterns, good water-fastness, light-fastness, and optical density. Properties such as fast drying and fine storage stability, fine fluency of ink, and non-clogging are also included.
As reactive dyes (such as C.I. Reactive Black 31) are used as the components of ink-jet printing ink, with time the reactive groups undergo hydrolysis, which then results in instability of pH value and an increasing amount of salts in the ink, and the issues of clogging at the nozzles or variability of the hue of the ink and others occur.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,694,302 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,062,892 disclose that the dyes (such as C.I. Food Black 2) commonly used as the components of black ink in the past exhibit poor light-fastness and other properties.
U.S. Publication No. 2007/0050926 and U.S. Publication No. 2006/0174800 disclose that a dye mixture used for preparing a black ink composition can improve the light-fastness, but the light-fastness and the color strength still cannot satisfy the above requirements for printing.
As a result, the effort for a dye composition for the ink-jet printing ink with good light-fastness, high color strength, good solubility and fine fluency of ink is a direction to keep working.

Black dye composition and black ink composition

Abstract: (b) a compound of the following formula (II),

Abstract: (c) a compound of the following formula (III),

Abstract: wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are defined the same as the specification. The present invention also relates to a black ink composition afforded from the aforementioned black dye composition. The black ink composition of the present invention is suitable for paper ink-jet printing, and exhibits the properties of good light-fastness, high color strength, solubility, and fine fluency of ink.


A method for controlling an energy management system, which includes a PV module for generating power and a battery for storing power and which is connected to a grid as an external power supplier and a power load as a power consumer, is provided to enable efficient energy management of the energy management system.

1. Field
The present invention relates to a method for controlling an energy management system, and more particularly, to a method for controlling an energy management system, which enables efficient energy management of the energy management system which includes a photovoltaic (PV) module for generating power and a battery for storing power and which is connected to a grid as an external power supplier and a power load as a power consumer.
2. Background
Generally, a power supplier supplies power to each residence at a fixed price and charges a corresponding fee in a unilateral or unidirectional manner (i.e., only in a direction from the power supplier to the consumer). However, such a unidirectional power supply system has problems in that it is not possible to satisfy all demands associated with power supply of consumers and it is difficult to appropriately cope with various environmental changes. In terms of payment, such a system also has a problem in that the consumer has no choice but to follow prices set by the power supplier.
Also, there is a problem in that a power reserve rate may be significantly reduced when a peak time of power use is reached as power demand has significantly increased recently.
There are also demands and movements for changing the power supply system from unidirectional to bidirectional. A system, which allows consumers to generate and sell power back to the electrical power corporation as a power supplier, has already been introduced.
Especially, as renewable energy, which will replace fossil energy that is being exhausted, has been vigorously studied, many studies have also been conducted upon a system which allows power generated by processing renewable energy to be supplied in a bidirectional manner.
Such a bidirectional power supply system may also operate in association with a next-generation power system, which is implemented by combining an information communication technology and a modernized power technology, which has come to the fore recently, and a smart grid which is a system for managing the power system.
The smart grid has a zone in which power price varies with time. Discussions have been conducted upon methods which allow each residence, which has a power load as a final power consumer, to generate and store renewable energy. For example, each residence may be equipped with a renewable energy generation module such as a photovoltaic (PV) module, a wind power generation module, or a fuel power generation module to generate energy and may also be equipped with a Lithium-ion battery or the like as an energy storage module to store energy provided by the grid or to store energy that is not consumed in real time in the residence or the like from among energy generated by the renewable energy generation module.
Thus, there is a need to provide a method for controlling an energy management system to achieve reasonable power distribution and use between the components of a smart grid by efficiently distributing, storing, and supplying power generated by the final power consumer as a power load, the renewable energy generation module, the energy storage module, and the smart grid.

Method for controlling energy management system


The invention describes a cooling device (100) for cooling a laser arrangement and a laser system comprising at least two of such cooling devices (100). The invention further describes a method of manufacturing the cooling device (100) and the laser system. The cooling device (100) comprises a mounting area for the laser arrangement, a cooling volume (140) comprising cooling channels being arranged to cool the mounting area (105), a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet (150,145) being connected to the cooling channels of the cooling volume (140), a first coolant supply through hole (110) being connected to the coolant inlet (150), a second coolant supply through hole (111) being connected to the coolant outlet (145). The cooling device (100) further comprises at least one coupling element (115, 130, 135) enabling a detachable interconnection to a second cooling device (100) such that upon interconnecting the cooling device (100) to the second cooling device (100), the first coolant supply through hole (110) of the cooling device (100) being connected to a first coolant supply through hole of the second cooling device (100) and the second coolant supply through hole (111) of the cooling device (100) being connected to a second coolant supply through hole of the second cooling device (100), wherein the cooling device (100) being arranged in a way that a coolant can be supplied to the cooling volume via the first coolant supply through hole (110) and the second coolant supply through hole (111). The cooling device (100) enables a cost effective and scalable laser system.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,014,312 discloses a cooler for use as a heat sink for electrical components or circuits consisting of several cooler layers which are joined flat to one another, which are stacked on top of one another, which form between channels through which coolant flows and which each discharge into at least one first collection space for supply of the coolant and into a second collection space for draining the coolant, the collection spaces being formed by openings in the cooler layers and the cooling channels by structuring at least one area of the coolant layers with openings, the area being between the openings.
US 2005/0168950 A1 a semiconductor cooling device including at least an upper plate, an intermediate plate and a lower plate, and has a coolant inlet portion, an outlet portion and a flow passage portion. The upper plate and the lower plate are composite plates constituted by plating copper maintaining a thickness of not smaller than 0.05 mm on one surface or on both surfaces of auxiliary plates made of a material having a tensile strength of not smaller than 1000 N/mm2, a heat conductivity of not smaller than 100 W/m·K and a coefficient of thermal expansion of not larger than 6.0 ppm/° C. The semiconductor cooling device tries to prevent occurrence of distortion in the semiconductor cooling device and to prevent the semiconductor chip from being separated away from the semiconductor cooling device in case the semiconductor chip and the semiconductor cooling device are thermally expanded.
The described cooler is costly if a number of coolers have to be combined to a system. High effort is needed if the electrical components on two or more coolers need to be aligned to each other with high precision.

Cooling device for cooling a laser arrangement and laser system comprising cooling devices


A cooling system is used to cool heat generating devices within a personal computer. The cooling system has a first fluid loop and an expandable array of one or more second fluid loops. For each of the second fluid loops, heat generating devices transfer heat to fluid flowing through corresponding heat exchanging devices in the loop. Heat is transferred from the fluid in each second fluid loop to a thermal bus of the first fluid loop via a thermal interface. The second fluid loop can be a pumped fluid loop or can include a heat pipe. Within the first fluid loop, a fluid is continuously pumped from the thermal bus to a fluid-to-air heat exchanging system and back to the thermal bus. Heat transferred to the thermal bus from the first fluid loop is transferred to the fluid in the second fluid loop passing through the thermal bus. The heated fluid is pumped through the fluid-to-air heat exchanging system where the heat is transferred from the fluid to the ambient. The thermal bus provides a modular, scalable cooling system which allows for the expansion of cooling capacity without breaking the fluid lines.

Cooling of high performance integrated circuits with high heat dissipation is presenting significant challenge in the electronics cooling arena. Conventional cooling with heat pipes and fan mounted heat sinks are not adequate for cooling chips with every increasing wattage requirements, including those exceeding 100 W.
Electronics servers, such as blade servers and rack servers, are being used in increasing numbers due to the higher processor performance per unit volume one can achieve. However, the high density of integrated circuits also leads to high thermal density, which is beyond the capability of conventional air-cooling methods.
A particular problem with cooling integrated circuits within personal computers is that more numerous and powerful integrated circuits are configured within the same size or small personal computer chassis. As more powerful integrated circuits are developed, each with an increasing density of heat generating transistors, the heat generated by each individual integrated circuit continues to increase. Further, more and more integrated circuits, such as graphics processing units, microprocessors, and multiple-chip sets, are being added to personal computers. Still further, the more powerful and more plentiful integrated circuits are being added to the same, or small size personal computer chassis, thereby increasing the per unit heat generated for these devices. In such configurations, conventional personal computer chassis' provide limited dimensions within which to provide an adequate cooling solution. Conventionally, the integrated circuits within a personal computer are cooled using a heat sink and a large fan that blows air over the heat sink, or simply by blowing air directly over the circuit boards containing the integrated circuits. However, considering the limited free space within the personal computer chassis, the amount of air available for cooling the integrated circuits and the space available for conventional cooling equipment, such as heat sinks and fans, is limited.
Closed loop liquid cooling presents alternative methodologies for conventional cooling solutions. Closed loop cooling solutions more efficiently reject heat to the ambient than air cooling solutions.
What is needed is a more efficient cooling methodology for cooling integrated circuits within a personal computer. What is also needed is a more efficient cooling methodology for cooling integrated circuits on multiple circuit boards mounted within a personal computer chassis.

Methodology of cooling multiple heat sources in a personal computer through the use of multiple fluid-based heat exchanging loops coupled via modular bus-type heat exchangers


Entry into mitosis requires the activity of the Cdc25C phosphatase which functions to activate Cdc2/Cyclin B. In asychronously growing cells, Cdc25C is stoichiometrically phosphorylated on serine 216. Levels of serine 216 phosphorylation remain constant throughout the G1-, S- and G2-phases of the cell cycle. A human kinase, denoted TcAK1 (for Twenty-five C Associated protein Kinase) that phosphorylates Cdc25C on serine 216 has been cloned and sequenced. A method is also provided for measuring levels of TcAK1 in RNA or of TcAK1 protein in cells. Phosphorylation of Cdc25C on serine 216 with TCAK1 creates a 14-3-3 recognition motif. The interaction between Cdc25C and 14-3-3 proceeds in a phosphorylation-specific manner. TcAK1 functions to mediate interaction between 14-3-3 proteins and other cellular proteins associated with oncogenesis or key signalling events.

The cells of eukaryotes, including humans and other mammals, replicate themselves by carrying out an ordered sequence of events, which are cyclically repeated in each successive cell division. In somatic (non germ-line) cells, a typical cycle has four characterized phases: G1, an interval following the completion of mitosis, also termed first gap phase; S, a period during which the cell undergoes DNA synthesis; G2 or second gap phase following completion of DNA synthesis and preceding mitosis; and M, mitosis, where separation of complete sets of replicated DNA occurs. The end result of this process is the generation of two daughter cells that are equivalent both in genetic makeup and in size to the original parent cell. A complex series of biochemical interactions act to control the cell cycle through a series of checkpoints or gating reactions which function to ensure that the requisite precursor phases are completed before the ensuing phase begins. In particular, the checkpoints ensure accurate reproduction and dispersion of the cell's genetic material. In a metazoan organism with differentiated tissues, such as a human being, cells of different tissues replicate at vastly different rates at different life stages. Early embryonic cells replicate rapidly and synchronously, whereas at later stages of development and during adulthood, some cells, such as muscle and nerve cells stop replicating while others, such as epithelial cells, continue to divide throughout the organism's life. Failure of cells to precisely control their replicative state therefore leads to a variety of diseases of pathological proliferation, including cancers and atherosclerosis.
Progress over the past several years has greatly advanced the general understanding of the biochemical reactions which regulate the cell cycle. A general paradigm for cell cycle regulation has emerged in which complexes composed of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate progression through stages of the cell cycle. Several mechanisms exist to keep the activity of the cyclin/CDK complexes turned off until the appropriate stage of the cell cycle. Known mechanisms include reversible phosphorylation, binding to small molecular weight inhibitors, transcription control, intracellular location and protein degradation. In yeast, there are multiple cyclins but only a single CDK. The CDK of fission yeast is encoded by the cdc2 gene, that of budding yeast by the cdc28 gene. In higher eukaryotes, including humans, there are multiple CDKs as well as multiple cyclins. Despite the greater complexity of the higher eukaryotes, the overall scheme for cell cycle progression involving cyclins and CDKs is conserved. Deregulation of components of these regulatory pathways has been implicated in human cancer. For a recent general review, see Hunter, T. et al. (1994) Cell 79:573-582.
In humans, there are three known Cdc25 phosphatases, denoted Cdc25A, Cdc25B and Cdc25C. Cdc25B has been shown to be overexpressed in certain breast cancers. In human cells, Cdc25C is present throughout the cell cycle. Its substrate, Cdc2/cyclin B, accumulates throughout the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Cdc25C is itself regulated by phosphorylation. The major site of Cdc25C phosphorylation is serine 216 (Ogg, S. et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269:30461-30469). The protein kinase that acts on Cdc25C was purified over 8000-fold from rat liver. Ogg, S. et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269:30461.! It was shown to phosphorylate a peptide substrate having the sequence of amino acids 210-231 of human Cdc25C, but not the equivalent peptide in which serine 216 had been changed to a threonine. The kinase is referred to herein as TcAK1, an acronym for twenty-five C associating kinase.
A family of proteins known as 14-3-3 proteins was first identified by Moore, B. F. et al. (1967) as very abundant 27-30 kD acidic proteins of brain tissue (Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Nervous Integration, F. D. Carlson, Ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1967). Their name reflects the original investigators' nomenclature. Recent work has implicated the participation of 14-3-3 proteins in cell cycle control (Ford, J. C. et al. (1994) Science 265:533). (For a general review, see Morrison, D. (1994) Science 266:56-57 and Aitken, A. (1995) TIBS 20). A variety of functions have been ascribed to the 14-3-3 proteins. However, several lines of evidence suggest that they link signal transduction cascades with the cell cycle. Various 14-3-3 isoforms have been found in complexes with proteins that transform cells, e.g., the middle T antigen of polyoma virus and Bcr-Ab1, with signaling molecules, e.g., c-Raf1, c-Bcr and P13k, and with two cell cycle regulators, e.g., Cdc25A and CdcB. The ability of a protein to bind or form a complex with a 14-3-3 protein therefore indicates that the protein is a key element linking external or internal signal transduction with other cell functions. In the present invention that other function is the cell replication cycle, specifically passage from G2 to mitosis.

DNA sequences encoding human TcAK1 kinase


A matrix converter includes: a power converter configured to couple an AC power supply and a load together; and a controller configured to selectively execute: a first control mode in which the controller is configured to perform power conversion between the AC power supply and the load; and a second control mode in which the controller is configured to directly combine the AC power supply with the load. The controller is configured to: increase the output voltage and cause a phase of the output voltage follow up a voltage phase of the AC power supply in a case where a difference between a frequency of an output voltage from the power converter to the load and a frequency of the AC power supply becomes within a predetermined range.

1. Technical Field
The embodiment of the disclosure relates to a matrix converter.
2. Related Art
A matrix converter includes a plurality of bidirectional switches that couple an AC power supply and a load together. Directly switching respective phase voltages of the AC power supply by these bidirectional switches causes the output of an AC power with any voltage and frequency to the load. Theoretically, the sinusoidal voltage that can be output by this matrix converter without distortion is up to 0.866 times as large as the fundamental wave of the power supply voltage. Accordingly, it is known that there is a room for improvement of the voltage use rate of the matrix converter.
Accordingly, a proposed conventional technique performs a control in which a PWM control of the bidirectional switches is stopped and respective phases of the AC power supply are directly combined with respective phases of the load via the bidirectional switches in the case where the output frequency coincides with the frequency of the AC power supply. This causes the output of the voltage of the AC power supply directly to the load (see, for example, JP-A-10-337025). This directly combined control allows improvement of the voltage use rate in the matrix converter. Furthermore, this allows reduction in switching loss of the bidirectional switch.


The invention relates to an enhanced electronic shade guide that includes addtitional hue-chroma information between the shades of existing shade guides and value information for the measured tooth. The shade guide provides a recipe for constructing a restoration or replacement for the tooth. A comparison of the patient's tooth to the stored tooth shades is preferably performed electronically by a suitable software program that contains the shade guide information of the present invention.

A necessary step in altering a patient's tooth color is to determine the "shade" of the existing tooth. For example, those persons seeking a whiter, brighter smile are still assessed to establish their existing tooth color so that an appropriate before and after comparison can be made. Shade determination is even more important for those persons seeking reconstructive work, since one goal of the reconstructive process is to achieve a natural appearance. Therefore, it is important to know the existing tooth shade so that it can be accurately matched with the new restoration.
The dental profession has typically utilized standardized shade guides created by those companies which manufacture the reconstructive materials. One well-known shade guide is the Vita™ shade guide, which includes sixteen different shades. Other, less popular shade guides include those guides provided by Bioform™ and SR-Vivaden™.
These shade guides are utilized in a rudimentary fashion. The guide itself is a plastic plate with a plurality of removable color tabs that are shaped like a tooth, e.g., the front tooth. Typically, to assess a patient's tooth shade, a dentist removes one of the colored tabs and holds it up to the patient's tooth so that she can "eyeball" the closest match possible. Understandably, there are many variables to this method, some of which stem from the subjectivity of the dentist making the eyeball assessment.
To further complicate matters, the standard Vita™ Classic shade guide contains only sixteen shades ranging from A1 to D4. Needless to say, many patients' teeth do not match any of the sixteen shades. In that case, if the eyeball assessment is used, the dentist may attempt to combine two or more shades. Alternatively, if a computer or electronic shade analyzing system is being used, the analysis may result in a determination that the shade is almost exactly in between two shades. For example, a tooth may be 49% A4 and 51% B1 according to the analysis. In that case, the system will typically report the shade as B1, since that is the closest match.
Once the tooth shade is determined, the information is used relative to the particular procedure needed. In bonding or filling a tooth, for example, the composite materials required for the restoration are specified within the range of the shade guide, e.g., one of sixteen shades for the Vita™ range. More particularly, if a crown, bridge, or denture is needed, the patient's shade must be determined and communicated correctly to the lab that make the crown, bridge, or denture.
The process for selecting the porcelain for a particular tooth shade illustrates the difficulty in assessing and manufacturing the correct color match. If, for example, a crown of Vita™ shade A3 is desired, porcelain is built by hand with a paint brush onto a model of the tooth to be restored. The porcelain is built in layers on the model to achieve translucency and natural appearance. Each layer has a particular color and intensity associated with it. To generate shade A3, the technician follows a "recipe" that is given by the manufacturer Vident™, requiring a different shade for each layer of porcelain applied. If a doctor asks for a shade that is not a Vita™ standard shade, the technician typically seeks to achieve that shade by combining different porcelain shade combinations together, to increase or decrease the chroma, hue, and value of the shade.
Patients may also desire to change the shade of their teeth, generally by whitening or otherwise brightening them. A necessary first step in this regard is to determine the shade of the existing teeth. The goal may be to whiten all of the teeth to a certain predetermined shade, or it may be to match the shades of some of the teeth to the others. Currently, the dental professional will utilize a standardized shade guide, such as VITA™, BIOFORM™, and CHROMASCOP™. There is a great deal of subjectivity involved in such a measurement and the dental professional may not be sufficiently skilled or qualified for the task. The lighting and ambient light in the room can also affect selection of the tooth shade.
Thus, there is a need for a shade guide system for obtaining accurate color information from a patient wherein reliable, reproducible information is obtained regarding the shade of the patient's tooth. The shade guides known in the art are too limited to provide enough options to accurately match a patient's tooth color. The present invention provides these and other features in a manner which is not heretofore known in the art.


A signal line driver is used for a liquid crystal display device including a matrix array of 230.times.720 pixels arranged in a predetermined color order for each row, 230 scanning lines for selecting the row of the pixels, and 720 signal lines for setting the potentials of the pixels of the selected row. The signal line driver has three bus lines for receiving color video signals of three primary colors. Particularly, the signal line driver includes 721 sample-hold circuits divided into a plurality of groups and connected to the bus lines based on the color order of the pixels on a corresponding row, for sequentially sampling and holding the color video signals on the bus lines, 720 selection switches for selecting one of the groups of the sample-hold circuits according to the selected row of the pixels and allocating output voltages of the sample-hold circuits of the selected group to the 720 signal lines, and a control circuit for controlling the sample-hold circuits and the selection switches each time the selected row of the pixels is updated.

This invention relates to a flat-panel display device of a matrix type, and particularly to and a signal line driving circuit for driving signal lines of the flat-panel display device such as a liquid crystal display device.
For example, Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKOKU Publication No. 7-40178 and Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKOKU No. 5-5114 disclose a liquid crystal display device having a matrix type liquid crystal panel for displaying images for television broadcasting in a colored form. The liquid crystal panel has a matrix array of pixels, a plurality of scanning lines extending in a horizontal direction along the rows of the pixels, a plurality of signal lines extending in a vertical direction along the columns of the pixels, and a plurality of color filters covering the pixels. The pixels of each row have pixel electrodes which are charged by signal voltages applied to the respective signal lines while the pixels are being selected by a corresponding one of the scanning lines and the distribution of the light transmittance of the liquid crystal in the screen is controlled by the potentials of the pixel electrodes. The color filters are constructed by filters of three primary colors of red, green and blue arranged in regular color order in the horizontal direction and selectively transmit lights of specified wave lengths.
The liquid crystal display device has a signal line driver for driving the signal lines of the liquid crystal panel according to color video signals of red (R), green (G) and blue (B) derived by demodulating a video signal of television broadcasting form. The signal line driver has three bus lines for transmitting the RGB color video signals, and a plurality of sample-hold circuits which are connected to the three bus lines in regular order. The sample-hold circuits sequentially sample and hold RGB color video signals in one horizontal scanning period and output signal voltages to the signal lines after the whole sample-hold operation is completed.
The horizontal arrangement of the color filters does not necessarily mean that all of the pixels on the same column are covered with the filters of the same color. For example, the pixels on the first column are respectively covered with the color filters arranged in color order of RBRB - - - or BRGBRG - - - in the vertical direction. In the former case, the pixels on the first row are respectively covered with the color filters arranged in color order of RGBRGB - - - , the pixels on the second row are respectively covered with the color filters arranged in color order of BRGBRG - - - , and the pixels on the third and fourth rows, on the fifth and sixth rows, are covered with the color filters arranged in the same manner as described above.
Since the above positional relation lies between the pixels and the color filters, it becomes necessary to supply different color video signals to the respective signal lines as the row of the pixels to be selected by use of the scanning line is changed. To meet the above requirement, a switching unit comprising switches such as Field Effect Transistors (FETs) for switching the RGB color video signals supplied to the three bus lines is provided in the signal line driver.
In the above construction, the RGB color video signals are supplied to the sample-hold circuits via the bus lines from the switching unit. For example, if 100 sample-hold circuits are connected to each bus line, the bus line may have a stray capacitance of a relatively large value, for example, approx. 20 pF. The stray capacitance of the bus line and the output impedance of the switch constitute a low-pass filter. If the number of pixels is increased to enhance the resolution of the liquid crystal display device, it becomes necessary to reduce the output impedance of the switching unit so as to supply a signal of wide bandwidth to each sample-hold circuit.
To reduce the output impedance, for example, one may enlarge the gate width of a field effect transistor used for the switch. However, since this scheme increases the stray capacitance of the switch to be charged and discharged upon driving of the bus line, the power consumption is increased even under the same voltage and same frequency. Further, the bandwidth of a low-pass filter constructed by the stray capacitance of the switch and the output impedance of an RGB color video signal source is narrowed.
In order to prevent the bandwidth from being narrowed, it is necessary to further reduce the output impedance of the RGB color video signal source. For example, if the stray capacitance including the stray capacitance of the switching unit is increased by 1.5 times when an attempt is made to double the bandwidth by reducing the output impedance of the switching unit, it becomes necessary to lower the output impedance of the RGB color video signal source to one-third.
With the conventional signal line driver, since an increase in the number of pixels increases the stray capacitance which prevents the enlargement of the bandwidth or enhancement of the speed of the RGB color video signals, the power consumption is inevitably increased with an increase in the operation speed of the signal line driver.


There is disclosed a method of producing a lever including a pair of side plates, an interconnecting portion interconnecting one ends of the two side plates, a lock arm formed at the interconnecting portion so as to be engaged with a male connector, excessive displacement prevention piece portions formed on and projecting respectively from opposite side portions of the lock arm, and a pair of displacement limitation ribs which are formed respectively at opposite ends of the interconnecting portion, and project in a direction away from the side plates, and are disposed outwardly respectively of the excessive displacement prevention piece portions, each excessive displacement prevention piece portion is disposed between the corresponding displacement limitation rib and the interconnecting portion, and thereafter the bent interconnecting portion is restored into its initial shape, thereby canceling the expansion of the gap between the displacement limitation ribs.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method of producing a lever of a lever-fitting type connector in which by pivotally moving the lever mounted on a female connector, a male connector is fitted to the female connector.
2. Related Art
There has been proposed a conventional lever-fitting type connector disclosed in JP-A-2005-122942 Publication. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the lever-fitting type connector 101 disclosed in JP-A-2005-122942 comprises a male connector 103 having fitting hood portions 102a and 102b, a female connector 105 having a female connector body 104 for fitting to the fitting hood portions 102a and 102b, and a lever 106 which is pivotally mounted on the female connector 105 and is pivotally moved so as to bring the male connector 103 into and out of fitting engagement with the female connector 105.
By fitting the female connector boy 104 into the fitting hood portions 102a and 102b, male terminals received in the male connector 103 are connected respectively to female terminals received in the female connector 105, and by disengaging the female connector body 104 from the fitting hood portions 102a and 102b, the male terminals are disconnected respectively from the female terminals. In this case, an insertion force required for inserting the female connector 105 into the male connector 103 can be reduced by leverage achieved by the lever 106.
The connector 101 includes a waterproof hood portion 108 provided at the outer periphery of the female connector body 104, and this waterproof hood portion 108 covers the fitting hood portions 102a and 102b when the female connector housing 104 are fitted in the fitting hood portions 102a and 102b. The lever 105 is pivotally mounted on an outer peripheral surface of this waterproof hood portion 108, and the lever 106 has fulcrum projections 109 which extend through the waterproof hood portion 108 to project toward the female connector body 104. Fulcrum retaining portions 110 for respectively retaining the fulcrum projections 109 are provided at the fitting hood portion 102 (102a, 102b) of the male connector 103. The fulcrum retaining portion 110 comprises an insertion-purpose fulcrum retaining projection 113 and a disengagement-purpose fulcrum retaining projection 114 both of which are provided at the hood portion 102b.
The lever 106 has a generally U-shape defined by a pair of lever side plates 139 and 139 and an interconnection operating portion 140 which interconnects one ends of these lever side plates 139 and 139 and is manipulated for pivotally moving the lever 106. Holding piece portions 141 and 141 are formed respectively at the other ends of the pair of side plates 139 and 139. The fulcrum projections 109 and 109 are formed respectively on those portions of the side plates 109 and 109 disposed near respectively to the holding piece portions 141 and 141, and project inwardly (toward each other). When the lever 106 is pivotally supported on the female connector body 104, these fulcrum projections 109 and 109 extend through respective window portions (not shown) of the waterproof hood portion 108b, and project toward the female connector body 104b, and can be retainingly engaged with the insertion-purpose fulcrum retaining projections 113 and with the disengagement-purpose retaining projections 114.
Slot-like pivot holes 142 are formed respectively through intermediate portions of the pair of lever side plates 139 and 139. Pivot shafts 136 are inserted respectively in these pivot holes 142, so that the lever 106 is pivotally supported on the female connector body 104. Further, slide guide projections 116 and 116 are formed respectively on the pair of lever side plates 139 and 139, and project inwardly. When the lever 106 is pivotally supported on the waterproof hood portion 108b, these slide guide projections 116 and 116 extend through respective window portions (not shown), and project toward the female connector body 104a, and abut against respective lever slide abutment projections 117, and are guided respectively by these projections 117. Provisionally-retaining arms 144 and 114 of an elastic nature are provided respectively at those portions of the pair of lever side plates 139 and 139 disposed near to the interconnection operating portion 140. When the lever 106 is pivotally supported on the female connector body 104b, these provisionally-retaining arms 144 and 144 abut against respective provisionally-retaining step portions 138 of the waterproof hood portion 108a to hold the lever 106 in a provisionally-retaining position relative to the female connector 105.
The interconnection operating portion 140 includes an interconnecting portion 145 interconnecting one sides of the pair of lever side plates 139 and 139, a lock arm 146 provided inwardly of this interconnecting portion 145, and operating surfaces 147 and 147 formed respectively on upper end surfaces of the pair of lever side plates 139 and 139. The lock arm 146 has a frame-like shape, and opposite sides of an upper portion of the lock arm 146 are integrally connected respectively with the inner surfaces of the pair of lever side plates 139 and 139, and a lock frame portion 148 is formed at a central portion of a lower portion of the lock arm 146. When the lever 106 is pivotally moved from the provisionally-retaining position to a completely-retaining position, the interconnecting portion 145 is disposed outwardly of the waterproof hood portion 108a, and the lock arm 146 is inserted in a lever holding portion 143. Also, a lock projection 121 of the hood portion 102a is engaged with the lock frame portion 148.
In the above connector, the interconnecting portion 145 formed between the side plates 139 and 139 interconnects the pair of side plates 139 and 139 to form the U-shaped frame body, and also prevents the lock arm 146 from being excessively deformed when the lock arm 146 is caught by a wire or others. However, the lock arm 146 is thus formed inwardly of the interconnecting portion 145 in contiguous relation thereto, and therefore a mold for injection molding the lever 106 into the integral construction is complicated in structure, and particularly a mold section for molding the lock arm 146 has a small size, and therefore there has been a fear that the mold might be broken.
And besides, the mold has such a construction that the mold section for forming the lock arm 146 is disposed inwardly of a mold section for forming the interconnecting portion 145, and therefore a space for receiving the mold section for the lock arm 146 need to be provided inwardly of the mold section for the interconnecting portion 145, and the small-size design of the lock arm has been limited.

Method of producing lever of lever-fitting type connector