A driving device for driving a wheel of an airplane in a direction same as that of a revolution of the wheel after landing, includes a revolution drive disc having a flat ring plate having an attachment portion adapted to attach on a side surface of a tire of the wheel; and a plurality of fins arranged on the ring plate. The plurality of fins is obliquely arranged on an outer side surface of the ring plate so that when the plurality of fins receives relative atmospheric air flow, a torque generated by the fins at a lower side of the tire in the direction same as that of the revolution of the wheel after landing is larger than a torque generated by the fins at an upper side of the tire in a direction reverse to that of the revolution of the wheel after landing.

An airplane is provided with plural wheels under the body or wings for taking off, landing and parking. The wheels support the body so that the airplane can move on the runway. When taking off, by the thrust power of the engine, the airplane runs on the runway through the wheels with the speed gradually increasing, and soon the wheels are detached from the ground of the runway by the dynamic lift that the wings receive to lift the body. When the airplane lifts to a sufficient height, the wheels are enclosed within the body.
On the contrary, when landing, the wheels are drawn out with sufficient time before landing, and the airplane gradually reduces the altitude. After the wheels contact the runway, the airplane runs on the runway through the wheels which support the weight of the body, the speed of the airplane is gradually reduced, and the airplane comes to a halt.
Hereof, ordinary wheels of the airplane are rotatably supported by axles and not equipped with a driving apparatus. Accordingly, before landing, the wheels, which will support the weight of the body, are not rotating and are stagnant. On the contrary, at the instance when the airplane lands, bottom surfaces of the wheels receive a strong shock of force in the tangential direction from the front surface of the runway by the frictions between the tire of the wheels and the runway, and thus driving the wheels. Namely, the wheels of the airplane receive so much shock force that the number of revolutions of the wheel changes from zero to the value corresponding to the flight speed at the moment of landing. The flight speed at the landing of a passenger plane with jet engine is about 200˜300 km/hour. The shock force, which brings the change of the revolution number of landing, erodes the tire of the wheel, and surface portion of the tire is stripped by the sliding resistance between the runway and the tire resulting in the generation of white smoke at landing. Further the remnant or residue of the tire sticks to form a layer on the landing point of the runway. The stuck remnant or residue layer must be removed periodically by the stripping apparatus from the runway. Hence the maintenance of the runway is very troublesome.
Japanese Patent Openings H5-178290, H8-254176, and 2001-146199 disclose wheel driving devices which drive the wheel in a direction same as the direction of the wheel after landing by utilizing the relative atmospheric air flow, to which the airplane receives before landing.
The device disclosed in the Japanese Patent Opening H5-178290 is to provide plural, for example, six, projections at the predetermined pitch on the side surface of the tire. This device makes the manufacture of the tire of airplane very difficult and increases the cost of the tire. Further, as the projections project in the axial direction of the tire, the normal torque by the projection at the lower side of the tire and the reverse torque by the projection at the upper side of the tire cancels each other. Accordingly, sufficient torque cannot be brought to the tire.
In the Japanese Patent Opening H8-254176 and Japanese Patent Opening 2001-146199, the grooves formed on the tires of the wheels of airplane are disclosed. That is, fins are formed in the longitudinal groove of the tire, or the shape of the groove on the tread of the tire is devised to form a wedge, causing the revolution of the wheel by the relative atmospheric air flow brought by the flight. But due to the structure of the grooves of the tire, sufficient thickness of the tread of the tire is required, resulting in the increase of the weight of the airplane. Further, when the tire is worn, the structures of the grooves generating the torque by the relative atmospheric air flow are also worn down or broken down, causing a failure of the revolution of the wheel. Further, the cost of the tire increases because the tire requires the groove of special structure.
PATENT REFERENCE No. 1: Japanese Patent Opening H5-178290
PATENT REFERENCE No. 2: Japanese Patent Opening H8-254176
PATENT REFERENCE No. 3: Japanese Patent Opening 2001-146199


A job for executing predetermined processing is received from an external apparatus. When the job is received, the predetermined processing is executed. A setting value to be used to execute the predetermined processing is stored in a memory from which an external apparatus can read out the setting value even if no power is supplied to a communication apparatus.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a communication apparatus and a communication system and, more specifically, to a communication technique capable of performing short distance wireless communication.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, there is known a system in which an external apparatus such as a digital camera or mobile phone specifies a communication partner by short distance wireless communication represented by NFC, and an image forming apparatus such as a printer outputs an image file by wireless communication different from short distance wireless communication.
Since the external apparatus disconnects communication upon completion of transfer of an image file, even if an error occurs in the image forming apparatus after completion of transfer of the image file, the external apparatus is never notified of contents of the error. It is, therefore, difficult for the user of the external apparatus to recognize what kind of error has occurred, and an operation required for dealing with the error. To solve such problem, there has been proposed a method of notifying an external apparatus of information about an error which has occurred, at the time of reconnection after disconnection of wireless communication (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-6016).
In, however, an arrangement described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-6016 in which an external apparatus is notified of error information, when a printer in which an error has occurred cannot continue printing and another printer attempts to continue printing, it is necessary to manually re-input job information. Furthermore, when the external apparatus instructs a printer to perform printing, a job may be generated using settings within the printer, that is, default settings as setting values such as a paper size, paper type, and quality. When an error occurs while printing a job generated using the default settings, and the printing operation is interrupted, the external apparatus may not be able to recognize the settings of the job executed by the printer since the settings have been decided within the printer. Consequently, the external apparatus may not be able to regenerate a print job using the settings of the interrupted printing operation. Therefore, it is difficult for another printer to continue the printing operation.

Communication apparatus, control method therefor, and computer-readable storage medium


The invention provides a recombinant vector, which includes repeats of Amyloid β 1-42 (Aβ1-42) gene, an immunoglobulin Fc gene, a spacer sequence and interleukin-4 gene in this order, the repeats of the Aβ1-42 gene contain spacer sequences between the individual Aβ1-42 genes. The invention also provides a DNA vaccine for Alzheimer's disease, which includes the recombinant vector.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disease which frequently occurs in middle-aged or older people and whose major symptom is cognitive impairment (including memory disorder, orientation disturbance, learning disorder, attention disorder, spatial cognitive impairment, problem-solving impairment, etc.). Symptoms of this disease progress over several years, during which there often appear problem behaviors such as persecutory delusion, hallucination, offensive language, violence, wandering, and unclean behavior. This causes unwanted effects not only on patients themselves, but also on those around them including their family members and physicians, nurses, therapists, etc.
Alzheimer's disease has three pathological features, i.e., senile plaques (Aβ deposition), neurofibrillary tangles (tau deposition), and neuronal loss. Many studies have indicated that Aβ deposition occurs prior to tau deposition and neuronal changes, and the "amyloid hypothesis" has become widely known, which states that prevention of Aβ deposition would allow some avoidance of the subsequent events, i.e., tau accumulation in neurons, loss of neurons and so on.
Based on the amyloid hypothesis, Aβ peptide vaccine therapy has been proposed as a radical therapy for Alzheimer's disease (Non-patent Document 1). This vaccine therapy is based on the experiments in mice, in which the mice were externally administered with the Aβ peptide together with an immune activator (adjuvant) to induce in vivo production of anti-Aβ antibody to thereby reduce Aβ accumulation in the brain.
However, clinical trials in humans have been discontinued because of side effect problems, such as meningoencephalitis developed in cases receiving real drugs.
Following these clinical trials, further development has proceeded in an attempt to design vaccine formulations which do not cause encephalitis. The Aβ peptide is known to induce Th1 responses primarily through its C-terminal fragment and Th2 responses through its N-terminal fragment. Thus, clinical trials have been conducted for vaccines comprising an N-terminal fragment of Aβ attached to a carrier protein (Non-patent Document 2).
However, it was still difficult to overcome side effects including encephalitis.
For this reason, DNA vaccine therapy has been developed as a new vaccine therapy for Alzheimer's disease, which is an alternative to these Aβ peptide vaccines. Moreover, the inventors of the present invention have developed DNA vaccines which are effective for elimination of deposited Aβ and are also highly safe (Non-patent Document 3). A known example of the DNA vaccines developed by the inventors is an IgL-Aβ-Fc vaccine (Patent Document 1).
Recent studies have been indicating that there are various subspecies of neurotoxic Aβ. Aβ oligomers, which are most intensively analyzed, can be divided into two major types, i.e., those of low-molecular-weight type assembled from 2, 3 or 4 molecules and those of high-molecular-weight type assembled from 12 or more molecules. Moreover, strong neurotoxicity is also observed in pEAβ3-42, which is N-terminally truncated and pyrrole-derivatized by post-translational modification (Non-patent Documents 4 and 5). Furthermore, some findings are also being obtained, which suggest that other molecules such as ABri (Non-patent Document 6) and ADan, which have high amyloid aggregation propensity although their amino acid sequences are completely different from that of Aβ, are also involved in the onset of Alzheimer's disease.


A steel product for a line pipe according to the invention has a composition containing, in mass %, C : 0.03% to 0.15%, Si: 0.05% to 1.0%, Mn: 0.5% to 1.8%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.004% or less, O: 0.01% or less, N: 0.007% or less, sol. Al: 0.01% to 0.1%, Ti: 0.024% or less, Ca: 0.0003% to 0.02%, and the balance consisting of Fe and impurities. The size of TiN in the steel product for a line pipe is at most 30 μm. The steel product has high HIC resistance and its crack area ratio can be reduced to 3% or less.

Crude oil or natural gas produced in recent years contains wet hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Therefore, hydrogen embrittlement derived from the hydrogen sulfide is a problem in oil country tubular goods for use in drilling an oil or natural gas well or line pipes for transporting produced crude oil or natural gas. The hydrogen embrittlement includes sulfide stress cracking (hereinafter simply as "SSC") caused in a steel product under static external stress and hydrogen induced cracking (hereinafter simply as "HIC") caused in a steel product with no external stress thereupon.
The oil country tubular goods have ends in a screw joint form. A plurality of oil country tubular goods are coupled with each other by their screw joints and assembled in the vertical direction of an oil or gas well. At the time, the oil country tubular goods are subjected to tensile stress by their own weight. Therefore, it is particularly required that the oil country tubular goods have SSC resistance. As oil wells have come to be more deeply drilled in recent years, the oil pipes must have even higher SSC resistance. In order to improve the SSC resistance, steel may be cleaned, the martensite ratio in the steel product may be increased, or the microstructure of the steel product may be refined.
Meanwhile, a plurality of line pipes are coupled with each other by welding and assembled basically in the horizontal direction, and therefore no such static stress as the case of the oil country tubular goods is imposed on the line pipes. Therefore, it is required that the line pipes have HIC resistance.
It is believed that HIC is caused by gas pressure generated when penetrating hydrogen accumulated at the interface between MnS elongated by rolling and a base material turns into molecular hydrogen. Therefore, in order to improve the HIC resistance of a line pipe, the following two conventional anti-HIC measures (first and second anti-HIC measures) have been taken. Many such anti-HIC measures have been reported for example as those in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 6-271974, 6-220577, 6-271976, and 9-324216.
In the first anti-HIC measures, the resistance of steel against hydrogen embrittlement is increased, details of which are as follows.
(1) To highly purify and clean the steel. More specifically, S is reduced as much as possible in during making the steel, so that the amount of MnS in the steel is reduced.
(2) To reduce macro center segregation.
(3) To control the form of sulfide inclusions (type A inclusions) by adding Ca. More specifically, the form of the sulfide-based inclusions is changed by Ca treatment from the form of MnS to the form of CaS that is harder to be elongated during hot-rolling.
(4) To control the microstructure by controlled rolling followed by accelerated cooling. More specifically, an original plate for steel pipe is subjected to controlled rolling and accelerated cooling. In this way, the microstructure of the original plate can be homogeneous and the hydrogen embrittlement resistance can be improved.
(5) To reduce Mn segregation and P segregation in the steel.
(6) To reduce type B inclusions such as alumina in the steel.
A number of specific methods of producing a steel product for use as a line pipe provided with these first anti-HIC measures have been reported for example as those in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2003-13175 and 2000-160245.
In the second anti-HIC measures, hydrogen is prevented from penetrating the steel, details of which are as follows.
(7) To prevent hydrogen from penetrating the steel in a wet hydrogen sulfide environment by adding Cu.
(8) To prevent hydrogen from penetrating the steel by adding an inhibitor (corrosion inhibitor) or coating the surface.
However, the line pipes provided with the above-described, well known anti-HIC measures still suffer from HIC. Therefore, there have been further attempts to improve the HIC resistance.

Steel product for use as line pipe having high HIC resistance and line pipe produced using such steel product


A putter head has a putter body having a base member defining a ball striking face surface. The putter body further has a first arm extending away from the base member and a second arm extending away from the base member, and a central member extending away from the base member and positioned between the first arm and the second arm. A weight assembly is supported by the putter body. The weight assembly has a beam member having a first end, a second end and a central portion. The central portion is supported by the central member along a first plane, and the first end of the beam member is supported by the first arm along a second plane. The second plane is generally transverse to the first plane.

Golf is enjoyed by a wide variety of players—players of different genders and players of dramatically different ages and skill levels. Golf is somewhat unique in the sporting world in that such diverse collections of players can play together in golf events, even in direct competition with one another (e.g., using handicapped scoring, different tee boxes, in team formats, etc.), and still enjoy the golf outing or competition. These factors, together with increased availability of golf programming on television (e.g., golf tournaments, golf news, golf history, and/or other golf programming) and the rise of well known golf superstars, at least in part, have increased golf's popularity in recent years both in the United States and across the world.
Golfers at all skill levels seek to improve their performance, lower their golf scores, and reach that next performance "level." Manufacturers of all types of golf equipment have responded to these demands, and recently, the industry has witnessed dramatic changes and improvements in golf equipment. For example, a wide range of different golf ball models now are available, with some balls designed to complement specific swing speeds and/or other player characteristics or preferences, e.g., with some balls designed to fly farther and/or straighter, some designed to provide higher or flatter trajectories, some designed to provide more spin, control, and/or feel (particularly around the greens), etc. A host of swing aids and/or teaching aids also are available on the market that promise to help lower one's golf scores.
Being the sole instruments that set golf balls in motion during play, golf clubs also have been the subject of much technological research and advancement in recent years. For example, the market has seen improvements in putter designs, golf club head designs, shafts, and grips in recent years. Additionally, other technological advancements have been made in an effort to better match the various elements and/or characteristics of the golf club and/or characteristics of a golf ball to a particular user's swing features or characteristics (e.g., club fitting technology, ball launch angle measurement technology, ball spin rate characteristics, etc.).
Golfers tend to be sensitive to the "feel" of a golf club, particularly with respect to putters. The "feel" of a golf club comprises the combination of various component parts of the club and various features associated with the club that produce the sensory sensations experienced by the player when a ball is swung at and/or struck. Club "feel" is a very personal characteristic in that a club that "feels" good to one user may have totally undesirable "feel" characteristics for another. Club weight, weight distribution, aerodynamics, swing speed, and the like all may affect the "feel" of the club as it swings and strikes a ball. "Feel" also has been found to be related to the visual appearance of the club and the sound produced when the club head strikes a ball to send the ball in motion.
To successfully putt a ball in the hole, the ball must be launched at the proper combination of speed and direction to arrive at the intended destination. While some errors in putt speed and direction may be the result of mental or physical mistakes by the player (e.g., mis-hits, mis-alignment, etc.), the putter also can contribute to inconsistencies in ball launch speed and launch direction that result in missed putts. For example, if the putter head twists in the player's hands before or during ball contact, this may cause the ball to start out "off-line," with some undesired spin and/or at the wrong speed. As another example, if the ball is launched with backspin or bounces excessively during the early phase of its locomotion, this can cause inconsistencies in ball speed. All of these things may result in missed putts and inconsistent putting.
While technological improvements to putter designs have been made, because of the very personal nature of the putting stroke and the "feel" aspects of putting a golf ball, no single putter structure is best suited for all players. New putter structures that provide enhance weighting configurations while maintaining a desired look and feel of the club are desired by at least some players. Moreover, technological advances that provide improved and more consistent ball initial launch direction and launch speed would be a welcome advance in the art.


A check valve system controls the flow of fluid between a spool valve and a hydraulic actuator and includes a pilot operated check valve that is controlled by a lock-out valve. The check valve has a poppet that engages and disengages a first valve seat in response to a pressure in a control chamber. The lock-out valve has an inlet connected to the control chamber, an outlet connected to an opening in the bore of the spool valve, and an second valve seat between the inlet and the outlet. A valve member that selectively engages and disengages the second valve seat and spool of the spool valve applies force to the valve member which responds by moving into engagement with the second valve seat. Thus in one position, the spool valve maintains the lock-out valve closed which traps pressure in the control chamber which tend to keep the check valve closed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to hydraulic systems, and more particularly to check valves which isolate an unpowered actuator from the remainder of the hydraulic system, and specifically to lock-out valves that tend to prevent such check valves from opening under high pressure conditions from the actuator.
2. Description of the Related Art
Hydraulic systems are utilized to power numerous kinds of mechanical equipment. A hydraulic actuator, such as a cylinder-piston arrangement, typically is used to move a component of the equipment. In a backhoe for example, one hydraulic cylinder moves the bucket with respect to an arm, another hydraulic cylinder provides motion between the arm and a boom, and an additional hydraulic cylinder raises and lowers the boom with respect to the vehicle frame.
A valve assembly controls the application of pressurized hydraulic fluid from a pump to the hydraulic actuator and controls the return of fluid from the actuator to a reservoir, commonly referred to as a tank. A spool-type valve often provides this control function. In this type of valve, a valve block has a bore into which a plurality of passages open leading to the cylinder chambers, the pump, and the tank. The spool is formed with several grooves and lands so that as it slides within the bore, the grooves connect the different passages. In various positions of the spool, fluid from the pump is applied to either of the two cylinder chambers and drained to tank from the other cylinder chamber. Which cylinder chamber receives the pressurized fluid determines the direction that the hydraulic actuator moves. In a centered position, the spool blocks the fluid flow to and from the hydraulic actuator. However, in the closed position some leakage occurs from the cylinder chambers to the tank passages regardless of the tolerance between the spool and the bore. Such leakage allows the machine component being driven by the hydraulic actuator to move unintentionally, which is undesirable. For example, a raised boom assembly of a backhoe may drop slowly when the control valve assembly is held for a prolonged time in the closed position.
Therefore, a common practice was to provide a conventional pilot operated, poppet check valve between the control valve assembly and the hydraulic actuator. A poppet-type valve has relatively low leakage-type as compared to a spool valve. Pressure from operation of the spool valve was applied to a pilot chamber behind of the check valve to operate a pilot piston that engaged and disengaged the poppet of the check valve to close and open a pilot passage in the poppet. Opening the pilot passage allowed the poppet to move away from the seat of the check valve. Although the combination of the pilot operated, poppet check valve with the conventional spool valve significantly reduced the leakage problem, some leakage of the pilot pressure still occurred in the spool valve.

Spool activated lock-out valve for a hydraulic actuator load check valve


A tubular-frame rocking platform is provided with a wheeled platform. To the structure a resistance rod is selectively locked in a forward part of the chair and extends rearwardly through a rearward element of the chair and is provided with a spring and head. When the occupant pushes back to rock the chair backwards, he does so against the opposition of the spring. This done repeatedly has therapeutic value.

It is so widely recognized as to be a truism that repeatedly using muscular effort will forestall the loss of or restore muscular strength. Physical therapy is partly based on this truism. Thus, physically challenged patients are encouraged to exercise the portions of their muscle structure which have become incapacitated through injury or stroke.
In the case of invalids having limited strength or control in their lower limbs, the use of rocking chairs has been found of benefit. If resistance is added to the rocking of a rocking chair, it stands to reason that the victim will benefit even further.


A support structure with a vibration damper permits rotatably holding a rotatable body to be balanced, without applying undesirable constraining forces to the rotor or wheel. The vibration damper is an elastomeric element, for example a metal rubber composite element, inserted between the rotatable body and a support which itself is separately mounted by spring elastic mountings in a machine frame. The vibration damping element is effective between the rotatable body and the support if the element is inserted between a bearing and the rotatable body or if the element is inserted between the bearing and the support.

Rotatable bodies referred to herein as "rotors" to be balanced are conventionally mounted or supported in balancing machines by support rollers or by a support spindle. Antifriction bearings or slide bearings are used to mount the support rollers or the support spindle in the balancing machine.
If it is necessary to balance or control rotors that are rotating at an r.p.m. close to their critical revolutions per minute, which could cause the system of the rotor and its support structure to resonate, measures are necessary which avoid dangerous resonant amplifications. Simultaneously it is necessary to keep the system of the rotor and its support structure free of any imposed or undesired constraining forces.
According to German Patent Publication DE-OS 2,141,502, corresponding to U.S. Pat. 3,754,801 (Giers et al.), issued on Aug. 28, 1973, it is known to equip a balancing machine so that it permits changing the resonance frequencies of the system formed by the rotor and its support structure. The conventional construction makes it possible to vary the resonance frequencies of the system in such a way that passing of the system through resonance peaks is avoided. More specifically, the resonance frequencies are controlled so that resonance peaks are avoided during a test sequence. For this purpose the above mentioned disclosure of the German and corresponding U.S. Pat. 3,754,801 provides for additional supports one end of which is rigidly secured to the machine foundation in a force transmitting, formlocking or positive manner while the other end of the additional supports is connected to a support housing through a friction coupling that is remote controllable for temporarily detuning the system of the rotor and its support structure formed by support rollers or a support spindle mounted in the support housing. However, the need for the additional supports makes the known balancing machine involved and hence expensive.

Support structure with a vibration damper for rotatably holding a rotatable body


The invention is a method of estimating, from data obtained by exploration of a zone of a heterogeneous medium, a model representative of a distribution, in the zone, of at least one physical quantity, the model being free of a presence of correlated noises that may be contained in the data which has application to determining the distribution in an underground zone of acoustic impedance, propagation velocities and permeabilities, etc. The method includes acquiring measurements giving information about physical characteristics of the zone; specifying a noise modelling operator which associates, with a model of each physical quantity, synthetic data that constitute a response of the model; selecting a noise modelling operator which associates a correlated noise with a noise-generating function belonging to a predetermined space of the noise-generating functions; specifying a norm or of a semi-norm in the data space; specifying a semi-norm in the space of the noise-generating functions; defining a cost function; and adjusting the model and of the noise-generating functions.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of forming, from data obtained by exploration of a zone of a heterogeneous medium, a model representative of the distribution in the zone of a physical quantity (at least partly) free of the presence of correlated noises that may be contained in the data.
The method applies, for example, to the quantification of the acoustic impedance in an underground zone.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The process of seeking a model that adjusts to experimental measurements has been developed in nearly all the fields of the sciences or technology. Such an approach is known under various names: least-squares method for parameters estimation, for inverse problem solution. For a good presentation of this approach within the context of geosciences, one may for example refer to:
Tarantola, A.: "Inverse Problem Theory: Method for Data Fitting and Model Parameter Estimation", Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987.
It can be noted that the term "least squares" refers to the square of the norm in the data space for quantifying the difference between the response of a model (which is the image of the model by a previously selected modelling operator) and the data using, a cost function that has to be minimized to solve the problem. Using the square of the norm to define the cost function is just a practical convenience, and it is not fundamentally essential. Besides, many authors use, for various reasons, another definition of the cost function but this definition remains based on the use of the norm, or of a semi-norm, in the data space. Finally, considerable latitude exists for selecting the norm (or the semi-norm) in the data space (the use of the Euclidean norm is not required). In the case of noise-containing data, the solution can substantially depend on the choice made at this stage. More developments concerning this problem, are referred to in the following publications:
Tarantola, A.: "Inverse Problem Theory: Method for Data Fitting and Model Parameter Estimation", Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987; Renard and Lailly, 2001; Scales and Gersztenkorn, 1988 ; Al-Chalabu, 1992.
The measuring results often contain errors. Modelling noises add further to these measuring errors when the experimentation is compared with modelling results: modellings are never perfect and therefore always correspond to a simplified view of reality. The noise will therefore be described hereafter as the superposition of:
non correlated components (white noise for example),
correlated components, which means that the existence of a noise on a measuring sample translates into the existence of a noise of equal nature on certain neighbouring measuring points; modelling noises typically belong to this category.
When the data contain correlated noises, the quality of the model estimated by solving the inverse problem can be seriously affected thereby. As already mentioned, no modelling operator is perfect. It is therefore the work of the whole community of the people involved in the identification of parameters describing a model which is hindered by the existence of correlated noises. Among these people, seismic exploration practitioners are among the most concerned ones: in fact, their data have a poor or even very bad signal-to-noise ratio. This is the reason why correlated noise filtering techniques are an important part of seismic data processing softwares. The most conventional techniques use a transform (Fourier transform for example) where signal and noise are located in different areas of space, thus allowing separation of the signal from the noise. A general presentation of the conventional methods for noise elimination on seismic data is discussed in the book by Yilmaz:
Yilmaz, O. 1987: "Seismic Data Processing", Investigation in Geophysics No.2, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Tulsa, 1987.
However, these techniques are not perfect: they presuppose that a transformation allowing complete separation of the signal and of the noise has been found. In this context, correlated noises are particularly bothersome because they can be difficult to separate from the signal (which is also correlated) and can have high amplitudes. It is therefore often difficult to manage the following compromise: either the signal is preserved, but a large noise residue remains, or the noise is eliminated, but then the signal is distorted. These filtering techniques can be implemented before solving the inverse problem: they constitute then a preprocessing applied to the data. The quality of the inverse problem solution then widely depends on the ability of the filters to eliminate the noise without distorting the signal.
This approach is introduced by Nemeth et al. in the following publication:
Nemeth T. et al. (1999), "Least-Square Migration of Incomplete Reflection Data", Geophysics, 64, 208–221 which constitutes an important advance for the inversion of data disturbed by high-amplitude correlated noises. The authors propose eliminating the noise by solving an inverse problem: after defining the space of the correlated noises as the image space of a vector space B (space of the noise-generating functions) by a linear operator T and the signal as the image space of a vector space M (models space) by a modelling operator F (assumed to be linear), they seek the signal in F(M) and the noise in T(B) whose sum is as close as possible (in the sense of the Euclidean norm or, on a continuous basis, of the norm L2) to the measured datum. This technique constitutes an important advance insofar as it allows elimination (or at least very substantial reduction) of high-amplitude correlated noises (surface waves for example) that are difficult to separate from the signal by means of conventional filtering techniques. However, according to the authors, an increase by an order of magnitude of the computing time required for solution of the conventional inverse problem, that is without seeking the correlated component of the noise, is the price to pay for these performances. Furthermore, the result obtained with the method is extremely sensitive to any inaccuracy introduced upon definition of operator T: this is the ineluctable compensation for the high aptitude of the method to discriminate signal and noise.

Method of forming a model representative of the distribution of a physical quantity in an underground zone, free of the effect of correlated noises contained in exploration data


a sheet processing apparatus comprises a main body side guiding module, a first movable module, a second movable module and a connection module. The main body side guiding module guides a sheet. The first movable module moves to a second position to open the conveyance path through motion from a first position opposite to the main body side guiding module, towards a first direction. The second movable module holds a detachable processing module for carrying out a given processing on the sheet, and moves integrally with the first movable module from the first position to the second position. The connection module connects the second movable module with the first movable module in such a manner that the second movable module can move to a third position to expose the processing module through motion from the second position in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

There is an erasing apparatus for erasing the color of an image by making the color generated by a color material invisible so as to reuse a sheet.
The color erasing apparatus heats the visualized color material so as to reduce the effect of the color developing material to the color generation compound (dye precursor compound) which generates color under the effect of the color developing agent and release (erase) the color generation state.
In addition, as the sheet is not reused if the reuse times exceeds a given reuse times, a marking device is used to carry out marking indicating the reuse times on the color-erased sheet during the color erasing processing so that a user can know the reuse times. In most cases, the marking device is an optional device (individual addition device).

Sheet processing apparatus and color erasing apparatus


An apparatus and method for strategically illuminating a darkened area. The present invention may be used by law enforcement to illuminate an area without law enforcement officials having to reveal their position, which is the case if flashlights or other lighting means are used. The light emitting device comprises a substantially transparent housing. A circuit comprising light emitting means and battery means is contained within the housing. The circuit further comprises a time delay means, which delays the energizing of the light emitting means. The circuit comprises a switch which, upon activation, closes the circuit providing current from the battery.

The present invention generally relates to light emitting devices and more specifically to devices and methods which allow a person to illuminate an area without revealing the person's location.
There are times when it is desirable to illuminate a darkened area without revealing a person's location. For example, law enforcement officers may wish to ascertain whether someone is within a darkened area. Conventionally, law enforcement officers would shine a flashlight into the darkened area. However, shining a flashlight immediately betrays the officer's position, making the officer a potential target. Other means of illuminating a darkened area would be to deploy a flare or other light emitting device into the area. However, once again, when the officer deploys such a device into the area, his position is revealed. The present invention addresses this need.

Light emitting device and method of using same


Call setup latency for a packet data call dormant reactivation is reduced by bypassing service negotiation and/or RLP Sync exchange procedures using values stored at the BSC. Previously negotiated parameters may be used to bypass service negotiation. A non-zero RTT value, calculated by a previously performed RLP Sync exchange, is stored at the BSC, and transmitted to the MS upon dormant reactivation. The MS uses the RTT to calculate a RLP REXMIT_TIMER value, bypassing a RLP Sync exchange with the BSC. The service configuration parameters and non-zero RTT may be stored at the BSC in the RLP BLOB of a SCR, which may be transmitted to the MS in an SCM. The SCR may store multiple records, each containing negotiated service configuration parameters and/or a non-zero RTT associated with a service instance, selected by a SRID transmitted by the MS.

The present invention generally relates to wireless communication network management, and in particular relates to a method of reducing call setup latency when transitioning an established packet data call from a dormant to an active state.
Traditionally, wireless communications networks have existed to support primarily voice services. Voice and similar continuous, point-to-point communications services (e.g., facsimile transmission) are known as circuit switched services, wherein a logical traffic channel is dedicated to the communication session (also referred to herein as a "call"). Increasingly, however, wireless communications networks are being called upon to deliver a broad range of data services, such as email, Web browsing, Instant Messaging (IM), multicasting, multimedia streaming, various Short Messaging Services (SMS), including stock tickers and weather/travel updates, transferring image and video data and the like. Both the range of such non-voice data services and their volume is expected to increase. Such data services are referred to as packet switched services, wherein a dedicated traffic channel is not permanently allocated to each call. Rather, data is packaged into logical, addressable units called packets, and transferred to and from mobile terminals, according to a packet-based network protocol, such as TCP/IP. One option in the wireless communication standard cdma2000 that supports packet data calls is Service Option 33 (SO33), as specified in TIA/EIA/IS-707-A-1.12 or later revisions.
A significant difference between packet switched services and circuit switched services such as voice, is that the packet switched services carry "bursty" data. That is, packet data connections transfer data intermittently, with often significant periods of non-activity bracketing often short periods of voluminous data transfer, depending upon the nature of the service or services being supported. For example, a user engaged in Web browsing typically clicks a link, receives a page download, and peruses the downloaded page for some time before clicking another link or otherwise causing another page to load.
To efficiently deploy limited network resources, packet data connections may be managed based on the "states" of those connections. Resources may be incrementally allocated and deallocated in staged fashion based on the particular state of a given data connection. In cdma2000 networks for example, a packet data call may assume the following states: Active, Control Hold, Idle, and Dormant.
In the active state, the network maintains a full allocation of resources, including dedicated MAC and traffic channels, such that data may be actively received from or transmitted to a user's mobile terminal. If no data is transferred between the network and the mobile terminal within a defined time window, the user's data connection may transition to a dormant state, in which network resources such as traffic channels are freed up to serve other mobile terminals. Upon transition from a dormant to an active state, the wireless communication network allocates the necessary network resources to again provide full data transfer capability to and from the mobile terminal. However, a significant amount of overhead is required in prior art systems to re-establish a packet data call to a mobile station when the call transitions from a dormant to an active state.
For packet data calls in cdma2000, Radio Link Protocol (RLP) is used to transmit and retransmit packet data between the mobile station and a network node such as a base station controller. RLP uses the RLP Sync exchange procedure to estimate the round-trip-time (RTT) between peers of the RLP. The RTT is used in the procedures to retransmit NAKs (Negative Acknowledgement Requests) between peers of the RLP. Prior to the exchange of any user data, RLP needs to perform the RLP Sync exchange procedure to determine the value of RTT. The RTT is then used to derive the RLP REXMIT_TIMER (re-transmit timer). RLP uses the REXMIT_TIMER for processing the NAK list during RLP NAK retransmissions.
An additional requirement in many prior art wireless communication systems to transition a packet data call from dormant to active is a service negotiation procedure as part of the call setup process. One example of a service negotiation procedure for a packet data call is the exchange of a Service Request Message (SRQM) and Service Response Message (SRPM)—perhaps several iterations—followed by a Service Connect Message (SCM) and a Service Connect Completion Message (SCCM) between the base station controller and mobile station. Service negotiation could also occur during a call, e.g., when adding additional service instances using the EOM, CLAM, SRQM, SRPM, SCM, SCCM or UHDM/GHDM.
Both the RLP Synch Exchange and service negotiation procedures contribute to the call setup latency. For applications such as Push To Talk, call setup latency reduction is important to improving the end-user experience. Call setup latency reduction is important to other services also, such as in the establishment of circuit switched voice and packet data services concurrently, and multiple service instances, such as for example up to six packet data service instance. The present invention may reduce call setup latency in all these cases.

System and method for reducing setup latency in one or more service instances


A matrix body PDC drill bit includes a drill crown and a bit body, and further includes a combined limiting sleeve. A connecting block and a connecting sleeve are provided at a junction of the drill crown and the bit body; multiple engaging teeth and engaging grooves for defining circumferential rotation and mutual engagement are provided between the connecting sleeve and the connecting block; the combined limiting sleeve includes several sub-limiting sleeves which are combined and spliced along an outer peripheral surface of the connecting sleeve and are configured to fixedly connected into a whole; an inner side of each sub-limiting sleeve is provided with upper limiting bumps and lower limiting bumps; the connecting block is inserted into the connecting sleeve to allow the upper limiting bumps and the lower limiting bumps to abut against fixed end surfaces of the connecting block and the connecting sleeve, respectively.

A PDC drill bit is an abbreviation of a polycrystalline diamond compact drill bit, which is a drilling tool commonly used in the geological drilling industry. The PDC drill bit is typically composed of a drill crown and a bit body. The drill crown has several cutting teeth and gauge protection surfaces, and the bit body is connected to a bottom of the drill crown. In view of the material, the PDC drill bit is divided into two types: matrix body PDC drill bits and steel-body PDC drill bits. In order to adapt to manufacture hard materials, the drill crown of the matrix body PDC drill bit is usually processed by a method of sintering tungsten carbide powder or material increasing manufacturing, and the bit body is usually processed by a method of cutting a steel.
Current drill crown and the drill tail of a current matrix body PDC drill bit, however, are usually fixedly integrated by welding or thread. For the matrix body PDC drill bit formed by welding, the strength of the connection at weld seam is weak. In a harsh working condition, the solder of the matrix body PDC drill bit is very easy to fall off due to rotation, erosion and wear, which results in the drill crown detaching from the bit body, thus the service life of the matrix body PDC drill bit formed by welding is still short. As for the matrix body PDC drill bit formed by thread, during the process that the drill pipe drill, the cutting resistance suffered by the matrix body PDC drill bit may easily overcome the connection strength of thread, which results in the connection thread, between the drill crown and the bit body, sliding, thus the service life of the matrix body PDC drill bit formed by thread is much shorter.
Therefore, the current matrix body PDC drill bit has a short service life


A method of manufacturing a prerecorded tape (9), the master taking the form of a helical pattern (13) on a cylinder (10). This cylinder (10) is rolled over a web-like intermediate carrier (1), the pattern (13) being replicated in strips (5) by a contact between the cylinder (10) and the intermediate carrier (1), which strips extend at an acute angle (.alpha.) relative to the longitudinal direction (3) of the intermediate carrier (1). The intermediate carrier (1) is cut along the strips (5) to form tapes (9).

Such a method is known from JP-A-5-114,172. The known method serves for the manufacture of optical tape. Said method employs a cylinder of circular cross-section, the surface of the cylinder being formed with a matrix consisting of a pattern in the form of circles or a helix, which pattern comprises a structure of equispaced ridges and slots. This cylinder is pressed in a heated condition against an optical information carrier which at its side facing the cylinder carries a layer made up of a mixture of photopolymerizable molecules and a resin. At the same time this layer is irradiated with light to form the structure in the layer by means of a photoreaction. This method is proposed in order to form an optical information carrier with a pattern of guide tracks for a rotating optical read head. For this purpose, the ridges and slots extend at an acute angle relative to the longitudinal direction of the optical information carrier. The known method is not suitable for the production of large quantities of so-called prerecorded carriers for information such as movies, music or computer data.

Method of manufacturing tape-like information carriers and a web-like intermediate carrier


A method implements a starting process for an internal combustion engine which has a drive unit and a transmission with at least two transmission input shafts and a multiple clutch device, in particular a double clutch device. During the starting process, the first gear is engaged in a first clutch of the multiple clutch device and is activated, while the second gear speed is engaged in a second clutch of the multiple clutch device but not activated. During the starting process, a current velocity is compared with a predefinable reference velocity, and when the reference velocity is reached a control unit causes the first clutch to be opened and thus causes the first gear to be deactivated while, in parallel with this, the second clutch is closed and the second gear is thus activated.

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine having a motor vehicle drive train which has a drive unit, a transmission with at least two transmission input shafts and a multiple clutch device, preferably a double clutch device. A first clutch configuration is assigned to a first transmission input shaft and a second clutch configuration is assigned to a second transmission input shaft, for transmitting a torque between the drive unit and the output unit, in this case a carden shaft, which transmits the force to the running gear.
Internal combustion engines with double clutch transmissions are already known, for example, from published, non-prosecuted German patent application DE 100 04 179 A1 and published, European patent application EP 1 298 341 A2.

Starting method for internal combustion engines with a double clutch transmission


An apparatus and method for displaying a message on a display of a mobile terminal includes storing an unsent message in memory responsive to a system event, such as receiving an incoming call at the mobile terminal, and automatically displaying on the display at least one of an indicator or the stored unsent message after a predetermined period of time has elapsed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile terminal, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for controlling display of a message at a mobile terminal.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
In general, mobile terminals, such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants (PDAs), provide limited assistance in recovering messages which have not yet been sent to their intended recipient. For example, consider the scenario in which the user is inputting a message (e.g., a short message service (SMS) message) when an incoming call is received at the mobile terminal. The incoming call typically has priority over the message input function such that the mobile terminal will either delete the message or will save the unsent message to a particular location, such as a drafts folder in the message application.
In the event the user wants to finish creating the message after completing the call, the user must find the location at which the message application has stored the message and then actively retrieve the message. This takes time and effort, which the user is not always willing or able to expend. In addition, less-experienced users may not be able to find the location of the stored message, or they may not know how to retrieve the saved message. Another disadvantage with existing systems is that the user may forget that the mobile terminal saved the unsent message for later retrieval.

Apparatus and method for controlling display of a message at a mobile terminal


Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of wireless communication technologies, and provide a transceiving module, an antenna, a base station and a signal receiving method, which are capable of implementing receiving of four dual-band signals and improving uplink network performance of a base station. The transceiving module includes a combining-splitting network, a set of transceiving unit arrays and a signal processing unit that are connected to each other in sequence, and further includes a combining network setting with a connection point connected to another transceiving module, a co-element filter unit separately connected to the combining-splitting network and the combining network, and a pair of receiving units connected to the signal processing unit, where the pair of receiving units in the transceiving module is disposed with a connection point connected to the another transceiving module. The embodiments of the present invention apply to the field of communication.

A wireless distributed base station system adopts split-structured design of a radio remote unit (RRU) and a baseband processing unit (BBU). Correspondingly, a base station antenna system may adopt design of an RRU integrated with an antenna. Antenna systems that meet this design requirement include an integrated antenna system and an active antenna system (AAS).
Currently, the AAS is widely applied in wireless distributed base stations because the active antenna system has a higher network performance gain than a passive antenna. An existing AAS is capable of implementing a performance gain of receiving two dual-band signals. As shown in FIG. 1, the existing AAS adopts two arrays of antennas, where each array of antenna and a set of transceiving unit (referred to as TRX) arrays form a single-band active antenna. Each array of antenna includes n antenna elements that have two polarization directions, each set of transceiving unit TRX arrays include 2m TRX transceiving units, and every m TRX transceiving units correspond to a polarization direction. Radio-frequency signals received by the n antenna elements in a same polarization direction are sent to m TRX transceiving units via a combining-splitting network, and the m TRX transceiving units send the received radio-frequency signals to a signal processing unit for processing, to implement receiving of one single-band signal. Each antenna element of each array of antenna has two polarization directions, so that receiving of two single-band signals can be implemented. The two arrays of antennas are capable of implementing receiving of two dual-band signals. However, with the expansion of uplink network performance of a base station, implementation of receiving only two signals cannot meet a requirement of the uplink network performance of the base station.

Transceiving module, antenna, base station and signal receiving method


An information processing apparatus includes: a communication device communicating with an external device and a clock server; a first clock measuring a local time; a second clock measuring a time based on time information from the clock server; a storage device storing setting information; and a controller performing: when receiving the time information from the external device, judging whether a specified condition is met; when the specified condition is met, setting a time indicated by the time information to the first clock as the local time; when the specified condition is met, controlling the first clock to measure the local time, without the controller setting the time to the first clock as the local time; setting the time indicated by the time information to the second clock and setting a time determined based on the time of the second clock and the setting information to the first clock.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an information processing apparatus.
2. Description of Related Art
There has been known a printer which, when the printer is connected to a host computer and a power thereof is first on, receives time information from the host computer and updates a time based on the time information as a local time. For example, the conventional printer, after the printer first updated the time based on the time information received from the host computer as described above, at predetermined time intervals, receives the time information from the host computer and updates the time based on the time information received from the host computer as the local time, in a case where there is a time difference between the time based on the time information received from the host computer and the local time of the printer.
Further, there has been known an information processing apparatus which receives the time information at the predetermined time intervals from a clock server which provides the time information. For example, the clock server provides the time information with reference to the Universal Time Coordinated (UTC). The information processing apparatus sets a time based on the time information received from the clock server as the local time of the information processing apparatus.

Information processing apparatus for updating local time


An organic electroluminescent device includes a substrate; a gate line on the substrate; a data line crossing the gate line to define a pixel region; a power line substantially parallel to and spaced apart from the gate line; a first switching thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the data line; a first driving thin film transistor connected to the first switching thin film transistor and the power line; a storage capacitor connected to the first driving thin film transistor and the power line; an organic electroluminescent diode connected to the first driving thin film transistor; a gate driver connected to the gate line; a data driver connected to the data line; and a power control driver supplying a power voltage to the power line, the power voltage having a first value during an emitting time section of a single frame and a second value during a rest time section of the single frame.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device, and more particularly, to an active matrix organic electroluminescent device including a thin film transistor.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
A cathode ray tube (CRT) has been widely used as a display screen for devices, such as televisions and computer monitors. However, a CRT has the disadvantages of being large, heavy, and requiring a high drive voltage. As a result, flat panel displays (FPDs) that are smaller, lighter, and require less power have grown in popularity. Liquid crystal display (LCD) devices, plasma display panel (PDP) devices, field emission display (FED) devices, and electroluminescence display (ELD) devices are some of the types of FPDs that have been introduced in recent years.
Among various types of FPDs, ELD devices use an electroluminescence phenomenon that light is emitted when a specific voltage is applied to a fluorescent material. ELD devices may either be an inorganic electroluminescence display device or an organic electroluminescence display (OELD) device depending upon the source material used to excite carriers in the device. OELD devices have been particularly popular because they have bright displays, low drive voltages, and can produce natural color images incorporating the entire visible light range. Additionally, OELD devices have a preferred contrast ratio because they are self-luminescent. OELD devices can easily display moving images because they have a short response time of only several microseconds. Moreover, such devices are not limited to a restricted viewing angle as other ELD devices are. OELD devices are stable at low temperatures. Furthermore, their driving circuits can be cheaply and easily fabricated because the circuits require only a low operating voltage, for example, about 5V to 15V DC (direct current). In addition, the process used to manufacture OELD devices is relatively simple.
In general, an OELD device emits light by injecting electrons from a cathode and holes from an anode into an emission layer, combining the electrons with the holes, generating an exciton, and transitioning the exciton from an excited state to a ground state. Since the mechanism by which an OELD device produces light is similar to a light emitting diode (LED), the organic electroluminescence display device may also be called an organic light emitting diode (OLED).
Recently, an active matrix OELD device where a plurality of pixel regions are disposed in the form of a matrix and a thin film transistor (TFT) is disposed in each pixel region is widely used in FPDs. An exemplary active matrix organic electroluminescent device is illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an active matrix organic electroluminescent device according to the related art.
In FIG. 1, a pixel region "P" defined by a gate line 1 and a data line 3 is composed of a switching thin film transistor (TFT) "TS," a driving TFT "TD," a storage capacitor "CST," and an organic electroluminescent (EL) diode "DEL." A power line 5 is parallel to and spaced apart from the data line 3. The switching TFT "TS" includes a switching gate electrode connected to the gate line 1, and switching source and switching drain electrodes, and the driving TFT "TD" includes a driving gate electrode and driving source and driving drain electrodes. The switching source and switching drain electrodes are connected to the data line 3 and the driving gate electrode, respectively. The driving source and driving drain electrodes are connected to the power line 5 and the organic EL diode "DEL," respectively. The organic EL diode "DEL" includes a cathode, an anode, and an organic electroluminescent layer interposed therebetween. The cathode of the organic EL diode "DEL" is grounded and the anode of the organic EL diode "DEL" is connected to the driving drain electrode. The storage capacitor "CST" is connected to the driving gate and driving source electrodes of the driving TFT "TD."
When a gate signal is applied to the switching gate electrode through the gate line 1, the switching TFT 4 is turned ON and a data signal of the data line 3 is stored in the storage capacitor "CST" through the switching TFT "TS." The data signal is also applied to the driving gate electrode, thereby turning the driving TFT "TD" ON. Thus, a current by a power voltage "VDD" of the power line 5 flows through a channel of the driving TFT "TD" and is transmitted to the organic EL diode "DEL." As a result, the organic EL diode "DEL" emits light in proportion to the current density. The organic EL diode "DEL" is a current driving type that the power voltage "VDD" has a fixed value and the brightness of light is controlled by the current. Since the driving TFT "TD" may be driven by charges stored in the storage capacitor "CST" even when the switching TFT "TS" is turned OFF, the current through the organic EL diode "DEL" is persistent until a next data signal is applied. As a result, light is emitted from the organic EL diode "DEL" until a data signal of the next frame is applied.
In the organic electroluminescent device according to the related art, the power line 5 has a fixed voltage from a single power supply and is parallel to the data line 3. Since there is no means to control a power voltage "VDD" of each power line 5, each organic EL diode "DEL" emits light for an excessive time and can be overheated. As a result, lifetime is shortened and light efficiency is reduced. Moreover, since resistance value of the organic EL diode "DEL" can be changed and a response speed can be reduced, motion blurring phenomenon in which the previous image affects the next image and can cause non-uniformity of display quality can occur.

Organic electroluminescent device and driving method thereof


A motion picture sound recording chromogenic photographic film element for forming non-neutral images is disclosed comprising a film support bearing at least one silver halide emulsion layer comprising at least one dye-forming coupler which forms a dye which absorbs primarily in the green or red light region of the electromagnetic spectrum upon processing with color negative developer, wherein the element does not comprise a neutral-balanced combination of cyan, magenta, and yellow dye-forming couplers. A method for forming a soundtrack image in a motion picture print film is also disclosed, comprising recording a soundtrack negative in a chromogenic soundtrack recording film as described above by exposing said film and processing said exposed film with a color developer process to form a dye soundtrack negative, and printing a soundtrack onto a negative-working motion picture print film by exposing the motion picture print film through the dye soundtrack negative and processing the exposed print film to form a positive soundtrack. In accordance with preferred embodiments of the invention, the light-sensitive emulsion layer of the sound recording film comprises green or red light-sensitive silver halide emulsion grains and a cyan or magenta dye-forming coupler in the substantial absence of yellow dye-forming coupler. In accordance with most preferred embodiments, the light-sensitive emulsion layer of the sound recording film comprises green and red light-sensitive silver halide emulsion grains and cyan and magenta dye-forming couplers in the substantial absence of yellow dye-forming coupler.

Motion picture print films, the film that is shown in movie theaters, commonly employ optical soundtracks along at least one edge of the film. The most common optical soundtracks presently in use are analog soundtracks of the "variable area" type wherein signals are recorded in the form of a varying ratio of opaque to relatively clear area along the soundtrack. During projection of the motion picture images, a light source illuminates the soundtrack and a photosensor senses the light passing through and modulated by the soundtrack to produce an audio signal that is sent to amplifiers of the theater sound system. Digital soundtracks for motion picture films have been more recently introduced, wherein sound information is recorded in a digital format, e.g. comprising small data bit patterns on the film, typically between perforations of the motion picture film (e.g., Dolby.TM. Digital Stereo soundtracks) or along the film edge (e.g., Sony.TM. Dynamic Digital Sound soundtracks). U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,600,280 and 4,461,552, e.g., disclose methods in which digital audio is photographically recorded on motion picture film.
In order to optimize the visual quality of the motion picture image as well as the sound quality of the soundtrack recorded on a motion picture print film, the motion picture and soundtrack are first typically captured or recorded on separate photosensitive films as negative images, and the resulting negatives are then printed in synchronization on a motion picture print film to form positive images. On account of the very short exposure times which must be given to each separate picture, or frame, in capturing a motion picture image, a camera negative film employing relatively fast silver halide emulsions is typically used to record the motion picture images (e.g., Eastman Color Negative Films). In order to reproduce the wide ranges of colors and tones which may be found in various images, the camera film typically also has a relatively low contrast or gamma. Variable area analog soundtracks and digital soundtracks, however, are best recorded with high contrast, relatively slower speed films (e.g., Eastman Sound Recording Films) in order to generate desired sharp images for the sound recording and minimize background noise generated by relatively high minimum densities typically associated with relatively fast camera negative films.
Sound recording films have typically comprised silver-based black-and-white films free from any dye-forming coupler compounds, designed to be processed with conventional black-and-white developer solutions to form silver-based black-and-white images, such as the D-97 process as specified in Module 15 of the Kodak Publication H-24 titled "Manual for Processing Eastman Motion Picture Film", the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In such processes, after exposure, black-and-white images are generally produced by developing silver halide in a black-and-white developer, such as hydroquinone, to form a silver image by reducing the exposed silver halide to silver metal. The undeveloped silver halide is removed from the film by "fixing" with aqueous sodium thiosulfate. The silver metal remaining in the print represents the image.
Most motion picture scenes today are filmed using color negative film designed to be processed in a color developer process wherein dye images are formed and essentially all silver is removed, such as the process ECN-2, described in Module 7 of the Kodak Publication H-24 incorporated by reference above. Motion picture film processing laboratories which wish to process both black-and-white sound recording film and color negative films must have separate processing systems; one for color and one for black-and-white, as the two systems are not compatible. Various photographic products have been previously proposed for forming black-and-white images through use of color processing, such as U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,362,616 and 5,491,053 directed towards chromogenic black-and-white photographic elements for forming neutral images. While U.S. Pat. No. 5,491,053 is directed towards chromogenic black-and-white motion picture print films, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,362,616 suggests the technology disclosed therein may be advantageously used to produce a motion picture sound track film, the photographic materials described in these patents require specific emulsion layer formats and cyan, magenta, and yellow dye-forming coupler combinations in order to form neutral images, and such films do not necessarily meet desired performance criteria for sound recording films. It would, therefore, be advantageous to provide an effective sound recording film which could be utilized with a conventional color processing system. It would be further advantageous to be able to provide such a film at low costs and high quality.


TCR AND PEPTIDES A T-cell receptor (TCR), which binds to a Wilms tumour 1 protein (WT1) peptide when presented by a major histocompatibility complex (MHC).

T cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy is based on the genetic transfer of high-avidity tumour-specific TCR genes into T lymphocytes, thus enabling the specific targeting of the desired tumour-associated antigens and leading to a less toxic and more specific and effective therapy. This approach has shown promise in clinical trials. One of the main barriers limiting the exploitation of TCR gene therapy for clinical treatment of cancers is the lack of tumour-specific T-cells and corresponding TCRs. Thus, the low availability of tumour-specific TCRs still remains an open issue limiting the broad exploitation of TCR-based immunotherapeutic approaches.
The majority of tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) are self antigens, thus T-cells specific for such molecules are either destroyed or anergized due to central and peripheral tolerance. Despite this, naturally occurring tumour-specific T-cells have been observed in healthy donors and patients, particularly in patients affected by hematological malignancies, after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) where frequencies of tumor-specific lymphocytes have been correlated with disease regression (Kapp, M. et al. Bone Marrow Transplantation 43,399-410 (2009); and Tyler, E. M. et al. Blood 121,308-317 (2013)).
The choice of a tumor antigen to be targeted by immunotherapeutic approaches is still a matter of debate. Ideal TAAs are highly expressed on tumor cells while being minimally expressed in healthy tissue.
Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) is an intracellular protein encoding a zinc finger transcription factor that plays an important role in cell growth and differentiation (Yang, L. et al. Leukemia 21, 868-876 (2007)). WT1 is widely expressed on a variety of hematological and solid tumors, while showing limited expression on various healthy tissues (e.g. gonads, uterus, kidney, mesothelium, progenitor cells in different tissues). Recent evidence suggests a role for WT1 in leukemogenesis and tumorigenesis.
Several ongoing clinical trials rely on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses upon vaccination with WT1 peptides. However, despite the recognition that WT1 is useful for immunotherapy, a small number of WT1 epitopes, which are restricted to a limited number of HLA alleles, are presently used for vaccination purposes (Di Stasi, A. et al. Front. Immunol. (2015)). One such epitope is the WT1 126-134 epitope (RMFPNAPYL; SEQ ID NO: 255), which is presented by MHC encoded by the HLA-A*0201 allele (i.e. the epitope is HLA-A*0201 restricted).
HLA-A*0201 restricted epitopes and corresponding TCRs are of interest since major histocompatibility complex (MHC) having the HLA-A*0201 haplotype are expressed in the vast majority (60%) of the Caucasian population. Accordingly, TCRs that target HLA-A*0201-restricted WT1 epitopes are particularly advantageous since an immunotherapy making use of such TCRs may be widely applied.
The WT1 126-134 epitope has been widely studied in several trials, alone or in combination with additional tumor antigens. However, recent reports have highlighted a major concern regarding the processing of this particular epitope, which may impair its use for immunotherapy purposes. Notably, the WT1 126-134 epitope is more efficiently processed by the immunoproteasome compared with standard proteasomes (Jaigirdar, A. et al. J Immunother. 39(3):105-16 (2016)), which leads to poor recognition of many HLA-A*0201 tumour cell lines or primary leukemia cells that endogenously express WT1.
Thus, there remains a need for new WT1 epitopes, particularly those presented by MHC with prevalent HLA haplotypes (e.g. HLA-A*0201).
One naturally processed HLA-A*0201 restricted epitope that has been identified is WT1 37-45, which has the amino acid sequence VLDFAPPGA (SEQ ID NO: 157, see e.g. Smithgall et al 2001; Blood 98 (11 Part 1): 121a). However, few TCR amino acid sequences, particularly CDR sequences, specific for this peptide sequence have been reported (Schmitt, T. M. et al. (2017) Nat Biotechnol 35: 1188-1195).
Accordingly, there remains a need for new WT1 epitopes, particularly those restricted to common HLA alleles and a need for new TCRs capable of binding to WT1 epitopes.


The invention relates to the field of dynamometer drive adapters. In particular, the invention relates to dynamometer drive adapters for motorcycles.

It is known from prior art that a motorcycle can drive a dynamometer via the tyre of its driven wheel. The tyre contacts a suitable roller, which is drivingly connected to the dynamometer. Although this method of driving a dynamometer has simplicity in its favour, it is neither particularly efficient nor are the results repeatable within narrow limits of accuracy. This variability is a result of using the tyre as the means of transmitting the power to the dynamometer. Variations in tyre carcass construction, tread pattern, tread compound and tyre pressure all contribute to power losses and variations, which in turn result in inaccurate power readings. These problems are exacerbated with the increase in power of the engine being tested, as it becomes increasingly difficult for the tyre contact patch to transmit the power without slipping.
An alternative system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,246,779. In this system the rear wheel of a motorcycle is removed and replaced by a shaft. Mounted on the shaft are two sprockets, the first for receiving power from the motorcycle engine via the motorcycle chain, the second for driving a second shaft attached to a dynamometer. The system is mounted in a support housing, so that the relative positions of the two shafts are fixed. This is problematic, in that the system cannot easily be attached to any motorcycle and any dynamometer, regardless of the heights of the dynamometer input and the motorcycle output. In particular, the output shaft of the system is positioned very close to the ground.
Furthermore, the system cannot accommodate belt drive motorcycles, or those with single sided swingarms. This system is not easily portable and has no inbuilt means for starting a motorcycle. Also, the system does not allow drive ratio changes between the two shafts.


Laser processing device (1) includes: laser-beam switching apparatus (70) that switches between a first optical path and a second optical path as an optical path along which a laser beam is to travel, the first optical path including first fiber (11), the second optical path including second fiber (21) that has a core diameter that is larger than a core diameter of first fiber (11); and processing head (80) that illuminates a same processed point on workpiece (900) with a laser beam that has passed through the first optical path or the second optical path. When illumination with laser beam that has passed through the first optical path is performed for a predetermined period of time, laser-beam switching apparatus (70) switches from the first optical path to the second optical path.

It is conventionally known that metal as a typical workpiece has a low absorption coefficient of laser beam in a solid state and a high absorption coefficient of laser beam in a molten state (see PTL 1, for example). That is, at a start of laser processing, a workpiece is solid and thus has a low absorption coefficient of laser beam. When the workpiece starts to melt, the workpiece has a high absorption coefficient of laser beam.
Further, it is known that laser processing has suitable condensed-beam diameters of laser beam (see PTL 2, for example).
In order to selectively use both a laser beam that has a condensed-beam diameter that is suitable for melting and a laser beam that has a condensed-beam diameter that is suitable for laser processing, some known laser processing devices perform illumination with a plurality of laser beams emitted from a plurality of laser oscillators. Illumination with each laser beam is performed at different times. Consequently, the laser processing devices perform laser processing with superimposed laser beams (see PTLs 3 and 4, for example).
Concretely, according to a laser processing device described in PTL 4, at a start of laser processing, a first laser oscillator emits a laser beam, and a condenser lens concentrates the emitted laser on a point to be processed. Then a second laser oscillator emits a laser beam, and the laser beam propagates through a fiber. A processing head concentrates the laser beam that has propagated through the fiber on the processed point. Consequently, laser processing is performed with two superimposed laser beams.

Laser processing device and laser processing method

PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CO., LTD.


Sensor data is detected from at least one sensor selected and installed for detecting operating conditions of at least one equipment. The sensor data includes an operating condition of at least one equipment. The sensor is selected dependent on indications of a user restriction and a predictive model. A sensor data signal is generated dependent on the sensor data. The sensor data signal is transmitted to a network device for collecting the sensor data and transforming the collected sensor data into a formatted transmission signal having a format for transmission over a network to a network server. The network server receives the formatted transmission signal for performing on-demand service of at least one of analysis, reporting and visualization dependent on the operating condition.

The present invention relates to sensor networks and on demand predictive remote monitoring, and, particularly, to equipment analysis and cost forecast.
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the invention disclosed below. The description herein may include concepts that could be pursued, but are not necessarily ones that have been previously conceived, implemented or described. Therefore, unless otherwise explicitly indicated herein, what is described in this section is not prior art to the description in this application and is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section. Abbreviations that may be found in the specification and/or the drawing figures are defined below, after the detailed description section.
Equipment defects, such as failures of electrical motors, have a severe impact in the industrial environment due to the importance and the large deployment of equipment in several different industrial sectors, such as metallurgical, and pulp and cellulose. To minimize the occurrence of equipment defects, a Preventive Maintenance schedule is often put in place, where several components are verified and/or replaced based on a maintenance plan provided, for example, by the manufacturer. The Preventive Maintenance plan of a manufacturer is often based on product development tests designed to ensure product reliability in most common use cases. However, the manufacturer's maintenance plan typically cannot address the specificity of each application or allow a more or less stringent maintenance plan, for example, tailored to a client's particular use and environment.
Recently, a more optimized approach has been adopted in industry, which is called Predictive Maintenance. Under the Predictive Maintenance approach, the equipment is frequently monitored for key variables (e.g., power consumption, vibration patterns, temperature, and humidity). By analyzing this data, it is possible to predict which kind of defect the machine most probably will have, and when this problem will eventually cause a failure. The Predictive Maintenance approach can thus be more efficient in terms of cost and defect detection, because unlike Preventive Maintenance, Predictive Maintenance optimizes the maintenance schedule to tend to minimize unnecessary interruptions in the equipment utilization. On the other hand, Predictive Maintenance relies on an efficient collection and analysis of relevant data to determine when maintenance is required and to determine which parts should be repaired or replaced. Conventionally, such data is collected manually, for example, by a technician with suitable analysis equipment.
After the data has been collected, an expert may analyze the collected information, and obtain predictive insights using the available data and mathematical models. This approach takes time and relies on expert experience and subjective factors. The predictive models vary accordingly with the type of variables being monitored (e.g., temperature, humidity, vibration, electrical power), the type of equipment/device being inspected (e.g., bearing rings, electrical motors), and also on the application scenario (e.g., refrigerators, heating devices, conveying belts, lifters, etc.). Due to this complex scenario, defining the most suitable predictive model to be used and the minimum amount of data to be collected to execute a good failure prediction is a challenging task.
The predictive maintenance approach, although more efficient in terms of cost and defect detection, must rely on a sensor data collection to obtain the necessary information to enable the early defect detection. Sensor deployment can be expensive, time consuming and often demands that the industrial production be halted (at least partially) in order to install the sensors and infrastructure such as cabling for data and power. Therefore, it is required to take into account the financial cost behind sensor deployment. For instance, installing hard wired sensors to obtain data and sending an expert to the field to execute equipment analysis is time consuming and expensive. Furthermore, this approach does not allow a continuous analysis over an extended period of time, and/or cannot be easily repeated in other similar scenarios.
Currently, there is a lack of financial methodology on how and/or when to install sensors and the best balance between cost deployment and expected benefits. Given the recent development of solutions and applications in the field of predictive remote monitoring, so far there are no methods to evaluate key aspects of a financial case to support an adequate decision making process in an on demand way.
To provide a business model based on defect prediction service for equipment, it is required to define sensor types and quantity of sensors, remotely activate and control the sensors, and analyze the produced data under a Sensor as a Service business model. The "as a service" solution provision has been thoroughly spread in many productive areas, like software as a service (SaaS). However, the predictive remote monitoring field is still not covered by this kind of solution in some areas, like sensoring. The selection, installation and use of individual sensors besides the corresponding supporting network provided as an on demand "as a service" approach is still an open issue. We foresee this as a viable alternative.
Additionally, there is a need for a mechanism to collect and aggregate diagnostic data pertaining to the use and health of equipment, and provide that collected data for remote analysis, forecasting and reporting.

On-demand remote predictive monitoring for industrial equipment analysis and cost forecast

International Business Machines Corporation


A color OLED display includes an array of light emitting pixels, each pixel having three light emitting elements for emitting red, green, and blue colors of light specifying a gamut and at least one additional element for emitting a color of light within the gamut and wherein the power efficiency of the additional element is higher than the power efficiency of at least one of the red, green, and blue elements; and wherein the light emitting elements in the pixel are arranged in a two-by-two array having the green light emitting element and the additional element diagonally opposed to each other at two opposite corners of the two-by-two array and having the red and blue light emitting elements diagonally opposed to each other at the other two opposite corners of the two-by-two array, and wherein the additional element is larger than at least one of the red, green or blue light emitting elements.

U.S. Patent Application Publication 2002/0186214A1, by Siwinski, published Dec. 12, 2002, shows a method for saving power in an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display having pixels comprised of red, green, blue and white light emitting elements. The white light emitting elements are more efficient than the other colored light emitting elements and are employed to reduce the power requirements of the display. In a power saving mode, only the white emitting elements are employed to display a black and white image that uses less power. The white emitting elements are not used in the full color display mode.
While power efficiency is always desirable, it is particularly desirable in portable applications because an inefficient display limits the time the device can be used before the power source is recharged. In fact, for certain applications the rate of power consumption may be more important than any other display characteristic with the exception of visibility.
It is also known to provide an OLED display having pixels with differently sized red, green and blue light emitting elements, wherein the relative sizes of the elements in a pixel are selected to extend the service life of the display. See U.S. Pat. No. 6,366,025 B1, issued Apr. 2, 2002 to Yamada.
It has been known for many years that the human eye is most sensitive to green light and less sensitive to red and blue light. More specifically, the spatial resolution of the human visual system is driven primarily by the luminance rather than the chrominance of a signal. Since green light provides the preponderance of luminance information in typical viewing environments, the spatial resolution of the visual system during normal daylight viewing conditions is highest for green light, lower for red light, and even lower for blue light when viewing images generated by a typical color balanced image capture and display system. This fact has been used in a variety of ways to optimize the frequency response of imaging systems. For example, as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2002/0024618 A1, by Imai, published Feb. 28, 2002, in a pixel having a square array of red, green, blue and white light emitting elements, the colors green and white having large luminance components are positioned diagonally opposite. However, this design does not provide increased power efficiency for an emissive full-color display.
There is a need, therefore, for an improved OLED display having improved power efficiency, resolution, and extended lifetime.

Color OLED display with improved power efficiency


A method for properly rendering various types of graphical and video content is disclosed comprising: determining whether a display on which the content is to be displayed is a progressive or an interlaced display; for a progressive display, de-interlacing any interlaced source content, transforming any bitmapped source content to fit the progressive display's resolution and/or scaling factors, and geometrically rendering any source content in a geometric description format into a bitmap image to fit the progressive display's resolution and/or scaling factors; and for an interlaced display, if the interlaced source content is not provided at the interlaced display's resolution and/or scaling factors, de-interlacing the interlaced source content to produce de-interlaced source content, and transforming the de-interlaced source content to fit the interlaced display's resolution and/or scaling factors.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to the field of multimedia systems. More particularly, the invention relates to a multimedia system capable of dynamically processing and combining different graphics and video using an appropriate resolution, aspect ratio, and interlaced/progressive scan type.
2. Description of the Related Art
Various prior art systems have been developed which render graphics on television displays. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1a, set top boxes 100 from companies such as Web TV®, Replay TV® and Tivo® allow users to view various types of interactive graphical content 106 (e.g., Web pages, program menus, . . . etc), either displayed separately or overlayed on top of the standard broadcast video signal 105. The graphical content 106 may be transmitted along with the primary broadcast signal 105 (e.g., embedded within the signal's vertical blanking interval ("VBI")), or over a separate data network such as the Internet (e.g., via a DSL modem, a cable modem or a standard telephone modem configured within the set top box 100, depending on the particular Internet service subscribed to by the end user).
One problem which exists with current systems, however, is that graphics designed for one type of display device may not be rendered properly on a different type of display device. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1b, a graphical bitmap 115 designed to fit perfectly within a National TV Standards Committee ("NTSC") television screen will have a resolution of less than 525 lines. The resolution of the bitmap image 115 is typically less than the maximum defined NTSC resolution of 525 lines (e.g., 420 lines) due to overscanning which occurs in standard television sets (i.e., some of the transmitted image is not viewable because the electron gun within the television scans slightly above and below the viewable portion of the picture tube).
When the same graphical bitmap 115 is displayed on a television 120 designed to render a Phase Alternating Line ("PAL") signal, however, the image will no longer occupy the area which it was meant to occupy (e.g., the entire area in the example shown in FIG. 1b). Rather, because PAL provides a resolution 625 lines, an unsightly border 116 will surround the graphical bitmap 115. Similarly, when the graphical bitmap 115 is displayed on a high definition television ("HDTV") 120, capable of rendering images at 1080 interlaced lines at an aspect ratio of 16:9, an even larger, asymmetrical border 117 will be produced.
Accordingly, what is needed is a system and method which will properly display graphics and video, regardless of the resolution and aspect ratio of the display device. What is also needed is a system and method which will convert, combine and render different graphics and video images for proper display on the display device. What is also needed is a system and method which will work with both interlaced and progressive display devices.

System and method for rendering graphics and video on a display


A method and system for performing low level sulfur UV fluorescence measures including an UV interference reduction system which removes or destroys interfering nitrogen oxides. The preferred nitrogen removal systems include introducing ozone into the system in sufficient quantities to destroy any produce NO and optionally a nitrogen sparge or similar nitrogen gas removal system.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for improving the detection of trace amounts of total sulfur in fluids such as fuels and petroleum distillates using UV fluorescence.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for improving the detection of trace amounts of total sulfur in fluids such as fuels and petroleum distillates using UV fluorescence, where the method and apparatus involve removing and/or chemically deactivating interfering nitrogen species prior to UV fluorescence detection of sulfur.
2. Description of the Related Art
For the most part, detection of sulfur by UV fluorescence is normally considered to be relatively free of any significant interference from complete oxidation of most hydrocarbon samples and combustion byproducts. However, it has been noted that when analyzing iso-octane blanks or low-level sulfur samples, higher than expected sulfur readings are routinely encountered with UV fluorescence methods when compared to data acquired from other equally effective analytical methods such as lead-acetate tape instrumentation. There have been numerous theories behind this discrepancy, but until now, a satisfactorily credible explanation has remained elusive.
Although the UV fluorescent instruments include calibration software routines that can subtract "blank counts" or constant values from analyzed samples, frequently such offsetting changes whenever a combustion tube or gas supply bottle is changed. Recently, exceptionally high "background" counts relative to what would be expected have been noted. Moreover, it has also been noted that water samples create "no background," while alcohols show increased "background" counts as the molecular weight of the alcohol increases.
Thus, there is a need in the art for an improved UV fluorescent apparatus and associated method for trace sulfur detection that is substantially free of a hereto unknown source of interference.

Apparatus for trace sulfur detection using UV fluorescence