A garment having provided with an inner lining for adjusting body shape of the buttocks and the abdomen. The garment is formed by combining woven fabrics together, each of which has a modulus of expansibility depending on a stretch direction from the weaving direction of the fabric. The buttocks regulating piece is oriented in a direction that the direction of the high modulus of expansibility of the fabric is selected to gather and push up the buttocks and is sewed between the front body and the back body, while an abdominal regulating piece is formed of at least two sheets, each oriented so that the direction of the low modulus of expansibility of the fabric is in the lateral direction to the abdomen. The sheets are sewed onto the front body so as to at leastartially overlap each other within the abdominal region including the lower abdominal region.

Some garments are assembled by sewing together fabrics made of high expansibility material. Particularly, garments such as trousers and skirts are suitable products for fabrics with highly expansible material because of the added benefit of allowing a wearer to freely perform bending and stretching of the knees and the waist. These products are therefore to some extent developed and commercialized. A garment made of highly expansible material also has an effect that the body shape of the wearer appears slim because the expansible garment tightly fits their body.
However, the highly expansible material also makes, superfluous body fat or the like to be clearly recognizable. In the past, an undergarment, such a girdle, with an adjusting function was used for adjusting the appearance of the body shape.
A girdle with a high tightening force is effective in adjusting the body shape. On the other hand, some wearers feel oppressed or compressed by the tightening force of the girdle, and many people find it difficult to wear a girdle all day long. Functionality, one of the advantages of a garment formed of highly expansible material, may be lessened by wearing the garment together with an undergarment with a high tightening force. Additionally, the wearer may find it annoying that a girdle must be worn in addition to the clothing.
In Japanese Utility Model Application No. Hei 6-12111, a garment having an inner lining sewed thereto for adjusting body shape without using an undergarment is disclosed. The inner lining is made by sewing a plurality of expansible materials together so as to provide support for the hips and buttocks. It is possible to attach the lining to an outer clothing to eliminate the annoyance that an undergarment such as a girdle must be worn in addition to the outer clothing.
In detail, the lining disclosed in the above application has a front body formed of a warp knitting fabric with low expansibility and high elasticity, and a lining back body formed of a warp knitting fabric with high expansibility and low elasticity. Each of the front body and the back body is fixed and separately attached with tension to the clothing. Two adjusting parts, each of which is formed different type of low expansibility fabric, are sewed to a lower buttocks part of the back body, so as to at least partially overlap each other. The front body, with low expansibility, presses the abdomen and adjusts or flattens its shape. The adjusting parts with low expansibility, which are sewed onto the lower buttocks part of the back body to overlap each other, press and push up the sags in lower parts of the buttocks. The superfluous flesh of the buttocks which is pushed up by the back body is wrapped by the back body with high expansibility so that the buttocks are adjusted.
In the described lining of this art, however, the front body, the back body, and the adjusting parts are individually sewed to the clothing. This means there is no consideration in the adjustment for regarding the abdomen and the buttocks as being united. Accordingly, garments with this type of lining have little effect for relieving tight fitting feeling for wearers. Furthermore, it is difficult to wrap and push up fat buttocks sags expand in the direction of the thighs or also in a horizontal direction.
In the available lining, a part for adjusting abdomen is the front body formed of the fabric with low expansibility and high elasticity. The expansible force and the elastic force of the front body fabric directly produce a tightening force or an adjusting force for the abdomen and, when it is necessary to boost the tightening force, material with very low expansibility and high elasticity must be utilized. When such a fabric is sewed to the front body of the lining, for example, though a large tightening force can be obtained, the wearer may feel oppressed similar to the case of wearing a girdle. In this adjusting method, the abdomen is only pressed uniformly in along plane, and there is no consideration for three-dimensional adjustment. Therefore, it is difficult for this type of garment adjust the body shape conforming to the abdominal curve without giving an oppressive or offensive feeling to the wearer.
Furthermore, since the buttocks sag not in both the horizontal and downward directions, it is difficult for the prior garment, which is made by sewing different materials in a modulus of expansibility together to horizontally adjust the buttock sag.
Moreover, adjustment of body shape is also desired from skirts, while the prior garment was invented for adjusting the shape of the abdomen and the buttocks while wearing slacks. There is a problem that wearing a skirt will reveal abdominal fat, even though the skirt does not follow the body as closely as slacks.
The present invention, developed for overcoming the above problems, has an object of providing a garment having an inner lining sewed thereto for adjusting body shape in a manner that the abdomen and the buttocks are regarded as united. A tightening force or a body adjusting force is provided in a range that the functionality of the garment is not degraded while a comfortable feeling can be obtained and an oppressive feeling is not given to the wearer.

Garment with an inner lining for body shape adjustment


A battery unit includes a power source; a detection part for detecting an output voltage of the power source; a connection part to which a load for atomizing an aerosol source or heating a flavor source and a charger for charging the power source are connectable; and a control part being able to execute a power supplying mode that allows supply of electric power from the power source to the load and a charging mode that allows charging of the power source by the charger, wherein if a decreased quantity of the output voltage per predetermined period in the charging mode is equal to or less than a threshold value that has been set based on a decreased quantity of the output voltage per the predetermined period in the power supplying mode, the control part determines that there is abnormality in the charging mode.

In place of a cigarette, a non-burning-type flavor inhaler (an electronic cigarette) for inhaling a flavor without a burning process has been suggested (Patent Literatures 1-6). The flavor inhaler comprises at least one of an aerosol source and a flavor source, an atomizer which is an electric load for atomizing a smoke-flavor component included in at least one of the aerosol source and the flavor source, a power source for supplying electric power to the atomizer, and a control part for controlling the atomizer, the power source, and so on.
Patent Literature 1 discloses a construction wherein an atomizer is constructed to be detachable/attachable from/to a battery unit which comprises a power source and a control part. Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique for making the atomizer, which is connected to the battery unit, to be able to be identified by using identification information such as an ID.
Patent Literature 2 discloses an electronic smoking device which comprises a construction that an atomizer and a charger are connectable in an alternative manner to a shared connection part (an interface) of a battery unit.
Patent Literature 3 discloses a technique for detecting overcurrent, a short circuit, and so on in an electronic circuit in an electronic cigarette. Patent Literature 4 discloses a fuse for preventing excessive heating with respect to an atomizer in an electronic cigarette. Patent Literature 5 discloses a construction that makes a system in an aerosol generating device, such as an electronic smoking device, to be unusable when the system is in an abnormal state. Patent Literature 6 discloses a construction for detecting overcurrent, an overvoltage, and so on when a battery unit in an electronic cigarette is being charged.
Further, Patent Literature 7 discloses a charge monitor device for monitoring a charging state of a battery when the battery is being charged. The charge monitor device detects abnormality regarding the charging state, by monitoring change in a voltage, in relation to time, of the battery which is charged, and change in a voltage, in relation to a quantity of charged electricity, of the battery which is charged, and, at the same time, monitoring a measured voltage value of the battery obtained by use of a voltage measuring means.
Patent Literature 8 discloses a user authentication technique in a flavor inhaler, that is based on suction force at the time of a puff action performed by a user.
Patent Literature 9 discloses a technique for making, in a simple manner, a flavor inhaler to be unusable.

Battery unit, flavor inhaler, method for controlling battery unit, and program


A system for cooling an electric machine, including as components a stator and a rotor, wherein each component has a cooling circuit, the system including at least one regulator for regulating a volume flow of a coolant from a coolant reservoir and a control unit, wherein in each case an input of each cooling circuit is connected to at least one regulator for regulating the volume flow of the coolant from the coolant reservoir, wherein the control unit is adapted to set at least one regulator for regulating the volume flow of the coolant into the cooling circuit of a respective component, while taking into account at least one temperature of the respective component.

An electric machine is cooled, e.g., by water as a coolant. It is possible for the cooling of a rotor of the electric machine and the cooling of the stator of the electric machine to be connected in series.
Publication DE 10 2008 007 414 A1 describes a method for controlling the temperature of an alternator and a vehicle engine.
A device for supplying a coolant to a stator and a rotor of an electric motor in a vehicle is known from the publication DE 10 2014 110 778 A1.
An electric drive unit for an electric vehicle is known from the publication DE 10 2015 214 053 A1. Here, the electric drive unit comprises an electric motor, which comprises an engine-cooling system.
Against this background, an object of the invention was to effectively cool an electric machine.
This object is achieved by a system, an electric machine, and a method having the features of the independent claims.


One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for performing secure multiparty cloud computation. During operation, the system receives multiple encrypted datasets from multiple clients. An encrypted dataset associated with a client is encrypted from a corresponding plaintext dataset using a unique, client-specific encryption key. The system re-encrypts the multiple encrypted datasets to a target format, evaluates a function based on the re-encrypted multiple datasets to produce an evaluation outcome, and sends the evaluation outcome to the multiple clients, which are configured to cooperatively decrypt the evaluation outcome to obtain a plaintext evaluation outcome.

1. Field
This disclosure is generally related to multiparty cloud computation. More specifically, this disclosure is related to a method and a system that ensures data security in multiparty cloud computation.
2. Related Art
Cloud computation has been gaining popularity in recent years among enterprise users and individual users because, ideally, it can provide almost unlimited computation capability and storage space by virtualizing vast amounts of physical computing resources and integrating them together. The ever-increasing need for storage capacity and the lowered management cost have made it attractive for individuals and enterprises to outsource their data storage need to the cloud. However, outsourcing computation to the cloud remains a challenge due to security concerns.

Method and system for secure multiparty cloud computation


A Device for coupling a short pulse laser into a microscope beam path, wherein the spectral components of the laser radiation are spatially separated by means of a dispersive element, the individual spectral components are manipulated and are then spatially superimposed again by means of another dispersive element.

a) Filed of Invention
At present, nonlinear contrasts such as two-photon absorption or second harmonic generation (SHG) are used to an increasing extent in microscopy, e.g., for examination of biological preparations. It is advantageous to use short pulse lasers to provide the energy needed to excite nonlinear effects. In this connection, the peak pulse power should be as high as possible and the pulse length at the location of the specimen should accordingly be as small as possible to prevent damage to the preparation simultaneously. Short pulse lasers supply light pulses, for example, of several 10 fs at a repetition rate of several 10 MHz. Accordingly, they have the advantage that they emit extremely high peak pulse energies accompanied at the same time by low average output.
It is disadvantageous that the short pulses on the path through the microscope to the specimen change due to the group velocity dispersion (GVD)—usually, they become longer.
b) Description of the Related Art
In order to compensate for pulse lengthening, corresponding changes (prechirp devices) have been suggested (DE 19622353). Further, adaptive optics have been provided in DE 19733193. The described devices are suitable for compensation of second-order dispersion.
However, higher-order dispersions which cannot be determined beforehand must be taken into account, e.g., in biological preparations. Further, higher-order dispersions occur in the optical components in a microscope. Therefore, it is not possible to create optimum conditions for the excitation of nonlinear contrasts by conventional techniques.
In conventional fluorescence microscopy, different dyes are used for specific tagging of biological preparations. These dyes are subsequently excited by different light wavelengths. In preparations of this kind, simultaneous excitation of the various dyes is usually carried out using multiphoton excitation. On the one hand, this is advantageous because only one light wavelength is needed for excitation. On the other hand, it is disadvantageous when the emission wavelength bands of the individual dyes overlap because the dyes can then no longer be spectrally separated.

Arrangement for optimizing the pulse shape in a laser scanning microscope


A capped winglet comprising a helical portion having a smooth vertical curvature of 180°±approximately 20° from the plane of the unbounded end of a wing, and a generally planar cap contiguous with the helical portion of the winglet at the end of its curvature away from the wing, the cap having a free inboard end and a chord tapered toward the free end.

This invention relates to fluid dynamic force development on moving and nonmoving fluid dynamic structures. The most common fluid dynamic structures to use this invention are airfoils such as wings and propellers and water based lifting and drag structures.
The patents listed below constitute a representative listing of the prior art in this field:
Pat. No.Issue DateInventor994,968Jun. 13, 1911Barbaudy1,050,222Jan. 14, 1913McIntosh1,841,921Jan. 19, 1932Spiegel1,939,682Dec. 19, 1933Fleming2,576,981Dec. 4, 1951Vogt2,775,419Dec. 25, 1956Hlobil2,805,830Sep. 10, 1957Zborowski3,270,988Sep. 6, 1966Cone4,050,397Sep. 27, 1977Vanderleest4,146,199Mar. 27, 1979Wenzel4,714,215Dec. 22, 1987Jupp et al.5,102,068Apr. 7, 1992Gratzer5,348,253Sep. 20, 1994Gratzer6,474,604Nov. 5, 2002Carlow
The drag on any fluid dynamic structure occurs due to shape, compressibility, and lift. At speeds below the critical Mach number, drag due to lift is a major factor for any vehicle moving in a fluid. When a wing or a foil moving or immersed in a flowing fluid generates a normal force (lift), the surface facing the direction of the lift force is at a lower pressure and the surface in the opposite direction from the lift force is at a higher pressure. The fluid at the higher pressure moves toward the lower pressure. At the trailing edge of the wing or foil, this pressure differential resolves itself in the wake of the aerodynamic structure and aids in force production. At the unbounded edges of the wing or foil (wingtip or unconnected foil end) the high pressure moves spanwise (normal to the fluid flow and parallel to the wing or foil) and produces a helix-shaped vortex with a centerline parallel to the tangent of the wingtip and the far field fluid flow. The loss of pressure from the high pressure surface and the increase in pressure on the low pressure surface results in decreased lift. The vortex wake results in induced drag proportional to the lift on the wing or foil and defined by:
      Drag    induced    =            1      2        ·    ρ    ·          V      inf      2        ·    S    ·                  C        L        2                    π        ·        k        ·        AR
where
ρ is the density of the fluid
Vinf is the freestream velocity of the fluid or wing/foil
S is the area of the wing/foil
CL is the lift coefficient of the wing/foil
k is the span efficiency factor of the wing/foil
AR is the aspect ratio (b2/S) of the wing/foil and b is the span
The span efficiency factor, k, depends on the spanwise load distribution and the configuration of the lifting system. For a planar wing/foil, an elliptic loading is optimum and k=1.0. As can be seen in the equation, increasing the aspect ratio and/or the span efficiency factor of the wing/foil will reduce the induced drag. Aspect ratio is directly related to wing span and chord. Various means have been proposed to increase the apparent (mathematical) aspect ratio and apparent (mathematical) span efficiency factor through the use of tip winglets or end-plates, multiwing configurations of various types, and various forms of arched lifting surfaces either opened or closed. All of these mechanisms endeavor to increase the mathematical aspect ratio and mathematical span efficient factor without actually adding wing span, decreasing chord length, or making the wing more elliptical. Assorted tip devices involving the use of multiple surfaces have been proposed for application to wings and foils. Many of the above are not particularly efficient or useful for various reasons including excessive structural weight, high loads, concomitant drag sources, and operational limitations. Therefore, with the exception of the monoplane with winglets, they find little use today. Several forms of winglets are currently in use for applications where span and operational space may be limited or where existing aircraft configurations can otherwise benefit from their use, but it has not been generally established that winglets are preferable to or more efficient than simple wing span extensions to reduce induced drag. In many cases the relative benefit of winglets is marginal or even cosmetic.
The basic theory behind conventional tip devices on wings and foils is to block the flow of high pressure air from the lower surface to the upper surface at the unbounded termination point (wingtip). Blocking the flow helps reduce vortex formation and decreases the negative effects of the wingtip. Many concepts have been proposed to block the flow of fluid from the high pressure surface to the low pressure surface. The physical manifestations of these concepts are generally termed winglets, wing strakes, end plates, or other similar structures attached to the unbounded end of the wing or foil. Theoretically, if a winglet blocked all the flow from the high to the low pressure at the end of the wing or foil, the wing or foil would approach the efficiency of a two dimensional airfoil of infinite length. The conventional structures mentioned above are somewhat effective and do reduce the flow of fluid from the high pressure side to the low pressure side of the wing or foil, but they do not block all the flow and they do not prevent the formation of a vortex at the termination point, e.g, a wingtip vortex. Therefore, a need remains for improved methods and devices for handling such a vortex and the resulting lift-induced drag.


A printer includes a thermal head that performs printing on a print medium, a head unit to which the thermal head is attached, a holding part movable between a first position for holding the thermal head at an attachment position of the head unit and a second position for canceling the holding of the thermal head to the attachment position, and a receiving part that receives the thermal head when the holding part is at the second position.

JP2014-133364A discloses a printer that includes a thermal head that performs printing on a print medium, a head base to which the thermal head is attached, and a head holder that holds the thermal head at the head base.
The head holder is made of an elastic member. When the thermal head is exchanged, a manual operation of holding and elastically deforming the head holder and attaching the thermal head to the head base is performed.


Corresponding to antennas analog RF circuits are provided and their outputs are converted by A/D converters to digital signals. Subsequent thereto and preceding an adaptive array processing, correction filters are arranged. Each correction filter has a filter coefficient for compensating for a difference between a characteristic of an analog RF circuit corresponding thereto and an ideal circuit characteristic. Thus an error of a characteristic between the analog RF circuits can be compensated for. The series of operations are implemented by software.

In recent years in a rapidly developing mobile communication system (the Personal Handyphone System (PHS) for example) there has been proposed a system in which when a radio base station and a mobile terminal device communicate, the radio base station employs adaptive array processing to extract a signal received from a specific, desired mobile terminal device.
Adaptive array processing is a processing which calculates from a signal received from a mobile terminal device a weight vector formed of reception coefficients (weights) for respective antennas of the radio base station and provides adaptive control to accurately extract a signal received from a specific mobile terminal device.
The radio base station is provided with a reception weight vector calculator calculating such a weight vector for each symbol of a received signal and the calculator provides a processing to converge a weight vector to reduce a square of an error between a sum of complex multiplications of a received signal and a calculated weight vector, and a known reference signal, i.e., an adaptive array processing converging directivity of reception from a specific mobile terminal device.
In the adaptive array processing, such weight vector convergence is provided adaptively for example as time elapses and a signal's electric wave propagation path varies in characteristics, and a received signal has an interference component, noise and the like removed therefrom to extract a signal received from a specific mobile terminal device.
FIG. 17 is a functional block diagram for functionally illustrating an adaptive array processing performed in a radio base station's digital signal processor (DSP) by software.
With reference to FIG. 17, the radio base station has a plurality of antennas, for example four antennas A1–A4 receiving signals from mobile terminal device, respectively. The received signals undergo a variety of analog signal processing, as described hereinafter, in analog RF circuits 1–4 and are converted to digital signals by A/D converters 5–8, respectively.
These digital signals are fed to the radio base station's DSP and the FIG. 17 block diagram is then followed to provide the adaptive array processing by software.
With reference to FIG. 17, the received signals converted by A/D converters 5–8 to digital signals form a reception signal vector, which is in turn fed to multipliers M1–M4, respectively, each at one input, and also to reception weight vector calculator 11.
Reception weight vector calculator 11 uses an adaptive array algorithm described hereinafter to calculate a weight vector formed of weights for respective antennas and feeds the weights to multipliers M1–M4, respectively, each at the other input, to provide complex multiplications thereof by the vector of the signals received from the corresponding antennas. An adder 9 adds the complex multiplications together, which forms an array output signal.
The sum of the complex multiplications fed as the array output signal is also fed to reception weight vector calculator 11.
Reception weight vector calculator 11 receives a known reference signal d(t) previously stored in memory 10 and the signal is used in the calculation of a weight vector by the adaptive array algorithm. Reference signal d(t) is a known signal common to all users that is included in a signal received from a mobile terminal device, and for example for the PHS it is a section of the received signal that corresponds to a preamble (PR) and unique word (UW) configured of a known bit string.
Furthermore, reception weight vector calculator 11 receives the array output signal and the signal is used in the calculation of a weight vector by the adaptive array algorithm.
The reception weight vector calculator 11 employs Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm, Sample Matrix Inversion (SMI) algorithm, or other similar adaptive array algorithm.
The RLS, SMI and other similar algorithms are a well known technique in the field of adaptive array processing, for example as specifically described by Nobuyoshi Kikuma, Adaptive Signal Processing by Array Antenna, Kagaku Gijutsu Shuppan, pp. 35–49, "Chapter 3 MMSE Adaptive Array." Accordingly it will not be described.
Reference will now be made to FIG. 18, which is a schematic block diagram showing a specific configuration of analog RF circuit 1 shown in FIG. 17. Analog RF circuits 2–4 are identical in configuration to analog RF circuit 1 and accordingly will neither shown nor described.
With reference to FIG. 18, analog RF circuit 1 includes an amplifier 1a amplifying a radio frequency (RF) signal of an RF band received at antenna A1, a frequency mixer 1b using a local oscillation output received from a local oscillator (not shown) to convert in frequency the RF signal of the RF band to a baseband signal of a baseband, a bandpass filter BPF1c limiting an output of frequency converter 1c in bandwidth, and an amplifier 1d amplifying a baseband signal of a baseband output from BPF1c.
Strictly, the RF signal of the RF band is initially converted by a first frequency mixer to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal of an IF band and then by a second frequency mixer to a baseband signal of a baseband. In FIG. 18, frequency mixer 1b represents such first and second frequency mixers collectively.
As can be seen from FIG. 18, analog RF circuits 1–4 are each configured of analog circuit components such as amplifiers 1a, 1d, frequency mixer 1b and filter 1c. However, because of variations in production, the analog RF circuits, configured of the same amplifiers, the same frequency mixer and the same filters, still provide different frequency characteristics of phase and amplitude and it is difficult to match the characteristics between the analog RF circuits.
Consequently, analog RF circuits 1–4 of signal streams corresponding to antennas A1–A4, respectively, would provide different frequency characteristics of phase and amplitude.
More specifically, if antennas A1–A4 receive the same signal, their respective analog RF circuits 1–4 having different frequency characteristics output signals having different waveforms. In other words, a waveform output through a frequency characteristic of each analog RF circuit has distortion relative to that output through an ideal characteristic.
That waveforms output from analog RF circuits 1–4, respectively, have distortion is equivalent to that there exists an interference component in an input signal for the adaptive array processing.
Signals of the streams of antennas A1–A4, respectively, having interference components therein from the outset would contribute to a significantly impaired ability of the radio base station employing an adaptive array to reduce the interference components.
An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a radio apparatus and its signal reception method and filter coefficient measurement method and program that can correct distortion in waveform of a received signal by compensating for an error of a characteristic between streams of received signals that results from an error of a characteristic of an analog circuit.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a radio apparatus and its signal reception method and filter coefficient measurement method and program that can provide an enhanced ability to reduce an interference component by adaptive array processing by compensating for an error of a characteristic between streams of received signals resulting from an error of a characteristic of an analog circuit, for each stream by means of a digital filter.

Radio apparatus, method for receiving its signal, method for measuring its filter coefficient, and program for measuring its filter coefficient


Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, apparatus and computer program product for executing an application in clouds. In the method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an application execution request from a user for executing an application in clouds is received. In response to the application execution request, a monitoring module and a protection data configuration are uploaded into a runtime environment, the protection data configuration defining sensitive data which are not allowed to be accessed by a user of low authorization level. By the monitoring module, data input and data output of the user during execution of the application are monitored based on the protection data configuration to prevent the user of low authorization level from accessing the sensitive data. Embodiments of the present disclosure can achieve effective protection for sensitive data during the process of executing the application.

At present, there already exist technologies and applications that employ multiple clouds to provide online computing services, storage services and so on. Users can store their own data in the clouds and deploy and run their applications in the clouds.
A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a digital integrated circuit that can be configured by the user to achieve desired functions. Recently, people have begun to apply FPGAs in clouds, and it is becoming a trend to utilize FPGAs in clouds. For example, cloud systems like Amazon Web Service AWS, Nimbix Cloud, and Huawei Cloud are configured with FPGAs. The user can reconfigure an FPGA with special binary data so that the FPGA can become a hardware accelerator for some applications. For example, it is possible to reconfigure compressed/decompressed FPGA binary data into an FPGA to accelerate the file compression application Gzip. FPGA binary data are generally stored in a specific location in the application in the form of a binary file, and in use, it is necessary to copy both workload data of the user and the FPGA binary file into the run-time environment in the clouds.
However, some security problems might be incurred when FPGAs are used in the clouds. In the prior art, for security purposes, a software license mechanism has been used to provide protection for the software. Nevertheless, an FPGA binary file itself is data used for a hardware circuit, rather than software in a general sense. Therefore, the software license mechanism for providing protection for the software cannot be used to protect the FPGA binary file. Meanwhile, an FPGA device in the cloud is provided as common shared hardware. Therefore, when the FPGA binary file is configured in the FPGA hardware through a standard application programming interface (API), no encryption measures will be taken. In such a case, as long as the user can touch these unencrypted binary files or access the application runtime environment, he can duplicate the FPGA binary file and use these data elsewhere.
However, these FPGA binary files are typically developed by a team of experts or purchased from a third party, and thus are of high value. Hence, in an enterprise environment, it is generally unallowable for those who run the application to access these valuable FPGA binary files. Thus, how to protect valuable FPGA binary files when an application runs in an external cloud becomes an urgent problem to be solved.

Method, apparatus and computer program product for executing an application in clouds


The present invention relates to compounds (I) capable of inhibiting the Mst1/2 protein kinase activity, a preparation method therefor, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds, and uses of the compounds and the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds in the preparation of drugs for prompting repair and regeneration of tissues and organs, prompting stem cell proliferation and somatic cell dedifferentiation, immunosuppression, and preventing or treating diseases related to nervous disorders and local ischemia.

Phosphorylation of substrates by protein kinase played a key role in cell signaling, involving almost all aspects of cell physiology (Science, 2002, 298, p 1912-1934). Kinase over expression and malfunction are closely associated with cancer, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and inflammatory diseases. In 2001, the successful launch of first Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitor Gleevec® for treatment of chronic myelocytic leukemia started the era of targeted anticancer drugs (Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2009, 9, p 28-39). Over the past decade, the kinases have become the second largest drug target class for development of new drugs by pharmaceutical companies. There are more than 32 small-molecule kinase inhibitors that have been approved by the US FDA for clinic use.
Studies have shown that, Hippo signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating differentiation and proliferation of tissue stem cells, controlling organ size and maintaining tissue homeostasis (Cell Biosci, 2013, 3, p 34; Nat Cell Biol. 2011, 13 (8), p 877-83.). Conditional knockout the key kinase in Hippo signaling Mst1/2 protein kinase can promote liver regeneration (Cancer Cell, 2009, 16, p 425-438), and immunosuppression (J. Exp. Med. 2012, 209, p 741-759). Reducing Mst1/2 kinase protein level or enzymatic activity helps reducing neuronal cell death, and thus be useful for prevention and treatment of neurological disorders or neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke, etc. (Cell 2006, 125, p 987-1001); and oxidizing stress-related myocardial ischemia and peripheral ischemia (US 2008/0242608).
Thus, the development of small molecule inhibitors of Mst1/2 protein kinase will be used for treatment of Mst1/2 kinase associated diseases, including promotion of regeneration and repair of tissues and organs, immunosuppression, preventing or treating neurological disorder related diseases and local ischemia, which have significant economic and social value.

Pyrimidine seven-membered-ring compounds, preparation method therefor, pharmaceutical composition thereof, and uses thereof

Anhui New Star Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd.


A plasma processing apparatus includes: a processing chamber that accommodates a substrate therein; a lower electrode positioned within the processing chamber and serving as a mounting table; an upper electrode positioned to face the lower electrode within the processing chamber; a first high frequency power supply that applies high frequency power for plasma generation of a first frequency to the lower electrode or the upper electrode; a second high frequency power supply that applies high frequency power for ion attraction of a second frequency lower than the first frequency to the lower electrode; at least one bias distribution control electrode positioned at least in a peripheral portion above the lower electrode; and at least one bias distribution control power supply that applies an AC voltage or a square wave voltage of a third frequency lower than the second frequency to the at least one bias distribution control electrode.

Conventionally, in the field of semiconductor device manufacturing or the like, there has been known a plasma processing apparatus in which a process is performed onto a target substrate such as a semiconductor wafer by generating plasma in an airtightly sealed processing chamber. As a plasma processing apparatus, a plasma etching apparatus has been known.
As a plasma etching apparatus, there has been used a so-called capacitively coupled plasma etching apparatus in which plasma is generated by applying high frequency power between a mounting table (a lower electrode) on which a target substrate such as a semiconductor wafer is mounted and a shower head (an upper electrode) positioned above the mounting table to face the mounting table.
In the capacitively coupled plasma etching apparatus, an etching target area with respect to an excitation etching gas per unit volume is large near the center of the semiconductor wafer and small in the periphery of the semiconductor wafer, and, thus, an etching rate is low near the center of the semiconductor wafer and high in the periphery of the semiconductor wafer. Such a difference in the etching processing rate may cause deterioration of intra-surface uniformity of a process. For this reason, there has been suggested a method of uniformizing an intra-surface processing rate by concentrically dividing at least one of the upper electrode and the lower electrode into plural ones and changing the high frequency powers to be applied to the divided electrodes (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-open Publication No. S63-24623
As described above, in the conventional technology, an upper electrode or a lower electrode, to which high frequency power for generating plasma for a plasma process is applied, is divided and the high frequency power to be applied to each of the divided electrodes is controlled so as to improve intra-surface uniformity of a process. However, in accordance with this technology, the upper electrode or the lower electrode to which high power is applied needs be divided. Thus, there is a problem in that manufacturing costs of the apparatus greatly increases. Further, since the high frequency power for generating plasma is controlled, a state of the plasma becomes unstable. Thus, there is a problem in that fine control of a processing state is difficult.
Furthermore, by way of example, a low damage plasma etching process has recently been performed using high density plasma by applying a first high frequency power for plasma generation of several tens of MHz or higher, e.g., about 100 MHz and a second high frequency power for ion attraction of a lower frequency (for example, from about 3 MHz to about 13.56 MHz) than that of the first high frequency power. However, in such a technology using a high frequency power, an absolute value of a DC bias (Vdc) is low in a peripheral portion of a semiconductor wafer, and, thus, an etching rate of the peripheral portion tends to decrease, which may cause deterioration in intra-surface uniformity of an etching process.

Plasma processing apparatus and plasma processing method


A system and method are provided for qualifying or calibrating lithographic apparatus or parts therefor, using a predetermined objective criterion such as Chauvenet's criterion is used to reject measurement points, individually, by field or by substrate.

A lithographic apparatus is a machine that applies a desired pattern onto a substrate, usually onto a target portion of the substrate. A lithographic apparatus can be used, for example, in the manufacture of integrated circuits (ICs). In that instance, a patterning device, which is alternatively referred to as a mask or a reticle, may be used to generate a circuit pattern to be formed on an individual layer of the IC. This pattern can be transferred onto a target portion (e.g. comprising part of, one, or several dies) on a substrate (e.g. a silicon wafer). Transfer of the pattern is typically via imaging onto a layer of radiation-sensitive material (resist) provided on the substrate. In general, a single substrate will contain a network of adjacent target portions that are successively patterned. Known lithographic apparatus include so-called steppers, in which each target portion is irradiated by exposing an entire pattern onto the target portion at one time, and so-called scanners, in which each target portion is irradiated by scanning the pattern through a radiation beam in a given direction (the "scanning"-direction) while synchronously scanning the substrate parallel or anti-parallel to this direction. It is also possible to transfer the pattern from the patterning device to the substrate by imprinting the pattern onto the substrate.
As lithographic apparatus are used to manufacture devices with ever smaller critical dimension (CD), i.e. the dimension of a feature or features in lithography shrinks, variations will cause undesirable variation in physical properties of the feature, such as the gate width of a transistor. Calibration and qualification of the apparatus become increasingly important to ensure consistent results and high yield.
Many different parameters of a lithographic apparatus must be measured for calibration and/or qualification of an apparatus or part of an apparatus and in many cases a large number of measurements must be taken to get a suitably accurate and precise measurement of a given parameter. An example is the flatness of the substrate holder (also referred to as the pimple plate or exposure chuck). The substrate holder comprises a flat disc of low-CTE material corresponding in size to a substrate and having on both sides a large number of small projections whose extremities should lie in respective common planes. For an exposure the substrate holder rests on the projections of one side on the substrate table and the substrate rests on the projections of the other side. The spaces between substrate and holder and table and holder are evacuated to clamp the substrate in place. If there is any distortion of the substrate holder or deviation in the height of the projections, the substrate will be distorted in turn, leading to focus spots overlay errors and reduced yield. It is therefore necessary to ensure that the substrate holder is sufficiently flat before use. However, because the projections are small and large in number it is difficult to measure directly whether their ends lie in the correct flat plane.
Conventionally, the flatness of a substrate holder has been determined by placing it in a lithographic apparatus, placing a test substrate on top and measuring the height and/or local tilt of the top surface of the substrate at a large number of positions, e.g. 8,000 to 9,000 for a 200 mm substrate. This is then repeated for ten or more test substrates and statistical methods are used to determine from the resulting data the flatness of the substrate holder, separating out the contribution from the unflatness of the test substrates. However, it has been found that this method can reject substrate holders that do in fact meet qualification requirements, which is wasteful as the substrate holders are difficult and hence expensive to manufacture.
Another example of a calibration and/or qualification method using a large number of test measurements, often over several test wafers is the calibration and/or qualification of an apparatus' overall overlay (X,Y) and focus (Z) performance. Since this takes into account all intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may affect performance of the apparatus, the repeatability of the results is poor.

Method of calibrating or qualifying a lithographic apparatus or part thereof, and device manufacturing method


A snowboard with a recessed bottom and upturned edges is provided to house a specialized base. The base consists of a metal plate between the longitudinal edges of the bottom with a plastic coating over it. The base is slick when wet and resilient enough to resist blows and abrasion.

Snowboarding is a sport of relatively recent emergence. Only one snowboard is used at a time by the rider. Each board has two bindings for its rider, both of whose feet are thereby bound to the board. The rider does not have poles or any other implement to be used by his hands. His feet are firmly bound to the board, and his path and circumstances are entirely determined by the contortions and extortions of his body respective to the contours of the path (course) which he intends to traverse.
The paths or courses which the snowboarder may wish to traverse can extend in type and complexity from the simplest of bunny slopes to semi-cylindrical channels in which leaps, loops and inversions are frequently attempted. The complexity attainable depends heavily on the athleticism of the snowboarder, and also to a surprising extent on the properties of the snowboard itself.
It is tempting to regard the snowboard as simply a species of a surfboard, a belly board, or of a water ski or a snow ski. However, on reflection one can appreciate the very substantial differences in their intended structural properties, and also in the way they are used.
For example, a surfboard is intended to be a large quite thick, buoyant and rigid body. It needs to be all of these because the surfer rests and paddles on it most of the time. When he catches a wave, he stands freely on the board, actually walking up and down its length much of the time. His ability to remain with the board depends on the dynamics of the wave, and on his sense of balance. Flexibility of the board, or a rigid binding to the board would be the farthest thing from his mind. In the course of rides of the better riders, there may be quite vigorous maneuvers. Also, during or at the end of many rides, he has either fallen off the board, got back on it, or jumped off of it and must get it back through the waves, hopefully before it has struck some object which might damage it.
While belly boards are rarely subject to the same extreme maneuvers of a surfboard, and the rider only rests on it, still it must float and be quite rigid.
Snow skis face many of the same conditions as snowboards in that they are used on snowy surfaces which while they are sometimes soft, are often quite hard and icy. Also, when the snow starts to disappear, there are regions in which the skier will find himself which are at least partly rocky or sandy. The speeds are very substantial, and the bending forces on the ski can often be quite large. Some bending and conformity to a surface are needed for structural integrity and for control, but not much. Rigidity of the ski is needed for proper control. Still, the conventional ski has only one foot bound to it, and the user has ski poles to assist him in maintaining his balance and directional control.
A water skier faces many of the same problems as the snow skier. While the water skier does not have poles, he has the towing rope as a reference and source of propulsion. He can move his hand grip around for balance purposes. The snowboarder has none of these advantages. He is simply on his way down a slope with only his balance and the snowboard features to help him.
The snowboard and snowboarder face an entirely different set of conditions from the above other sports. He is bound to the board. Thus, when he goes into sharp bends or markedly curved surfaces, he must have some compliance of the board, because most of the board will still be in contact with the surface. His weight, which is amplified by centrifugal forces is exerted near the center of the board, and reasonable flexibility of the board is needed in order to avoid sharp digging into the surfaces and probably falling, and to enable its orientation relative to the surface to be varied.
Snowboards are generally several feet long and about one foot wide. The stresses on the board can be quite severe. Furthermore, the board must run along surfaces which may include sand and rocks, as well as hard ice and snow. Abrasion on the bottom of the board must be resisted, while at the same time the bottom surface must provide a suitably slick surface so the board can freely slide on the surface.
Further to complicate matters is the need for reasonably sharp running and active edges, but edges still which have a suitable useful life, even in view of the stringencies to which they are exposed.
These objectives must all be met in a board which preferably is light-weight, less than one-half inch thick, and one which provides an optimum response to the stringencies of its intended use, and which enables the snowboarder to exert an increased level of control over his travel.


A method and system for handling mobile database overflow. First, the VLR determines whether its database is full when a first mobile user sends a registration request to the VLR. The VLR selects a second mobile user as an overflow user and translates the location information thereof into a second location code if the database of the VLR is full. Next, the registration request and the second location code are transferred to an HLR and the value of a first location code of the first mobile user is reset as the predetermined value. Finally, user data of the second mobile user is deleted and user data of the first mobile user is temporarily stored in the VLR.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and system for data processing, and in particular to a method and system for handling mobile database overflow.
2. Description of the Related Art
A mobile communication system covers a plurality of service areas, each divided into a plurality of location areas, each consisting of one or more base transceiver stations (BSC).
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the architecture of a mobile communication system, consisting of the following functional elements.
A home location register (HLR) 100 regulates a database storing user data, comprising user parameters and location information, of mobile users, in which each user must be registered in HLR 100. A visitor location register (VLR) 120 stores and processes call connection information, such as cellular phone numbers of users, location area identifiers, and service parameters. A mobile switch center (MSC) 140 provides switching and call delivery functions to mobile stations (MS) in a regulated location area. A base station controller (BSC) 160 regulates one or more base transceiver stations (BS). A base station system (BSS), which is a wireless communication subsystem regulated by MSC 140 communicating with mobile stations, consists of a BSC and corresponding base transceiver stations.
A base transceiver station (BS) 165 is a small local wireless equipment, providing wireless interface for mobile stations. A location area (LA) 180, regulated by a mobile switch center, consists of base transceiver stations regulated by a BSC. Each location area may comprise one or more base transceiver stations and has a location area identifier (LAI) by which the mobile communication system identifies the location of a mobile user. To locate a mobile station, the described system can page the mobile station by broadcasting to the location area in which the mobile station is located.
A mobile database, namely a VLR, is located at each service area. A mobile station requests registration on the system when entering a service area and the VLR temporarily stores user data of the mobile station with successful registration, then deletes the user data of the mobile station, when the mobile station moves out of the service area. A VLR reaches its maximum capacity when a predetermined large number of mobile stations enter the same location area, preventing subsequent mobile stations entering the service area from successful registration.
A conventional method for solving the above problem is described as follows. The VLR deletes a registration record according to a policy to satisfy the requirement of a new registration request. The mobile user, whose user data is deleted by the VLR, is called an overflow user. The VLR enables the mobile station of the overflow user to be re-registered when the overflow user makes a call unsuccessfully, and the overflow user re-sends a call origination request. In addition, when someone makes a call to the overflow user, the VLR informs the base station controllers of all location areas regulated by the MSC, in which the overflow user is located, to search for the location of the overflow user by broadcasting.
The described method, however, makes a large scale broadcast to all base station controllers regulated by a MSC when delivering a call to an overflow user, hence utilizing more hardware and software resources and bandwidth of a wireless network. Therefore, a method and system to overcome the above described drawback is desirable.

Method and system for handling mobile database overflow


The present multi-media communication management system comprises a controller that interfaces with a plurality of communication space stations and with one or more communication medium service providers. Each communication space station may be coupled to a wide area network mobile telephone served by a wide area network service provider. The multi-media communication management system communicates with a wide area network controller through the service provider medium and automatically provides instructions to the wide area network controller to forward telephone calls that are directed to the mobile telephone to the system controller upon the mobile telephone being coupled to a communication space station.

In today's fast paced business world, it is common for a person to rely on a combination of communication devices, such as: desk top telephones, mobile (local area network or cordless) telephones, cellular (wide are network) telephones, fax machines, pagers, and the like, as well as enhanced communication services, such as: voice mail, e-mail, text messaging and the like to accommodate their communication needs.
In an office environment, desk top telephone service, voice mail service, and fax service is typically provided by a private telephone communication system. A contemporary private telephone communication system consists of a switching network, a plurality of desk top telephones, and a voice mail server. The voice mail server is typically coupled to the switching network using a proprietary interface. Each desk top telephone and fax machine is coupled to the switching network by an extension line that consists of twisted pair conductors that are terminated by a telephone jack in the office. Communication between the desk top telephone and the switching network over each extension line utilizes either proprietary digital signaling or plain old telephone service (POTS) signaling. The switching network is further coupled to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) using trunk lines that are connected to a central office switch that is typically managed by the local telephone service provider. The switching network controls calls between extensions and between an extension and a remote destination via a trunk line coupled to the PSTN. The switching network also routes calls to the voice mail server when an extension remains unanswered, is busy, or is otherwise programmed to route calls to voice mail.
In a mobile environment, telephone service is typically provided by a wide area wireless telephone service provider such as a cellular telephone service provider or a PCS service provider. Such a system consists of one or more central controllers that interface telephone calls with the PSTN. A backbone wide area network couples the central controllers to a plurality of transceiver towers and telephone calls are linked between a transceiver tower and a mobile wide area network wireless telephone handset using electromagnetic signals.
A problem associated with wide area network wireless telephone systems is that the quality of service is poor compared to traditional wired telephone networks. As such, a typical person will utilize both a desk top telephone and a wide area network wireless telephone for conducting business.
A problem associated with using both systems to transact business is that there is a lack of integration and coordination between the services. While a person is at his or her desk, he or she will typically used the private telephone communication system rather than the wide area network wireless telephone for improved quality of services. However, the person will still need to monitor the wide area network wireless telephone for incoming calls, and, if an incoming call is received, the person may proceed with the call albeit the inferior quality of service rather than terminating the call and re-initiating using the private telephone network.
This problem can be eliminated, in theory, by vigilant use of the wide area wireless telephone service provider's call forwarding system. Typically the wireless telephone service provider's switching network will include one or more controllers (or switches) that include call forwarding functionality. In operation, a person may call into the controller using either the wireless telephone or a PSTN telephone and enter a command to the controller to initiate call forwarding to a designated telephone number. The command may be entered using the telephone buttons to coupled to the controller a sequence of DTMF tones to activate call forwarding to the designated telephone number. Once activated, the controller will route calls destined for the mobile telephone to the designated telephone number. Similarly, the person may call into the controller and enter a command using the buttons to deactivate call forwarding.
Vigilent use of call forwarding may assure that incoming calls to the wide area network wireless telephone are forwarded, or funneled, to a the desk top telephone. However, such forwarding schemes are time consuming to utilize.
What is needed is a multi media communication management system that provides for automated forwarding of a wide are network telephone's incoming calls a station at which a subscriber associated with the wide area network wireless telephone is currently located.

Modular multi-media communication management system with an integrated service for wide area network wireless telephones


According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a drip container including: a first main body providing a first space for dripping in which coffee grounds are stored, including an outlet hole through which drip coffee made by dripping discharges into a second space, and including an outward protrusion that protrudes outward from a region of an outer wall defining the first space; a cover surrounding the first main body so that the first main body is protected; a first opening and closing part detachably engaged with the cover so that opening and closing of the first space are adjusted; an inflow part including an inlet hole through which the drip coffee discharging through the outlet hole flows into the second space; and an elastic part elastically deformed due to pressure applied by the outward protrusion when the first opening and closing part is engaged, and placed between the first main body and the cover so that restoring force acts on the outward protrusion, wherein a position of the first main body is changed by interaction between the first opening and closing part and the elastic part, thereby adjusting communication between the outlet hole and the inlet hole.

Recently, brewed coffee has been widely consumed instead of instant coffee due to flavor and quality. Thus, brewed-coffee specialty stores and brewed-coffee lovers have increased.
Further, if a person wishes to drink brewed coffee at home or in an office, he or she can prepare brewed coffee by using a grinding device to make coffee beans into grounds, and then putting the grounds into a filtering device to brew the coffee liquid. Alternatively, a user can buy an espresso coffee machine to prepare brewed coffee.
However, in places where a grinding device and a filtering device, or an espresso coffee machine is provided, it is possible to prepare brewed coffee without using the brewed-coffee specialty stores. Conversely, in places where the grinding device and the filtering device, or the espresso coffee machine is not provided, it is impossible to prepare brewed coffee without using the brewed-coffee specialty stores.
That is, in the case of instant coffee, it is easy to prepare instant coffee in traveling or other outdoor spaces only with instant coffee, cups, and hot water. However, in the case of brewed coffee, a grinding device and a filtering device, or an espresso coffee machine needs to be provided which is relatively bulky than instant coffee. Therefore, it is very cumbersome and inconvenient to prepare brewed coffee while traveling or in other outdoor spaces.
Accordingly, in recent years, grinding devices and filtering devices have been manufactured in small sizes, and have been sold on the market (coffee grounds obtained by grinding devices have been sold on the market) so that it is convenient for the brewed coffee lovers to carry the grinding devices and the filtering devices. However, coffee drinkers still have the inconvenience of preparing and carrying the grinding device, the filtering device, a coffee cup, and a vacuum flask containing hot water. In addition, there is a problem in that the taste and the aroma of brewed coffee are lost while the coffee liquid passing through the grinding device and the filtering device is poured into the coffee cup.
In addition, the espresso coffee machines sold on the market are costly, and it is difficult to adjust the concentration of brewed coffee depending on personal preference.
As a documents of the related art for the present invention, there is Korean Utility Model Publication No. 20-2009-000673, "TUMBLER WITH FILTER NET CONTAINER".

Drip container and portable coffee drinking container


A web inspection system provides detection of web flaws along the machine direction and cross direction of a web. The detectable percent contrast between good web material and bad web material in one embodiment approaches noise level. The web inspection system utilizes a multiple of smart cameras connected to a host computer via an ethernet hub. Each smart camera includes a line scan camera for producing digital pixels, a means for lighting and pixel correction on a pixel by pixel basis, a web edge detector for monitoring the edges of a web, a multi-pipeline flaw detection pre-processor for detecting very small changes in the web material, a run length encoder for generating data regarding the location of each group of potential flaws in a cross direction, a 2D blob detector and analyzer for generating data regarding the location of block flaws along a machine direction, and an inspect/reject analysis for determining the actual flaw data from the potential flaw data. A low contrast web inspection system provides a balanced and distributed architecture that handles high defect rates, and that is easily integrated with an existing web manufacturing system.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates generally to web inspection systems and more specifically to smart camera systems for detecting flaws and defects of web material.
2. Background
A "web" is a flat material produced continuously in large quantities and at very high rates. Typical web materiel includes fabrics, sheet metal, paper, and non-woven plastic, etc. Inspection of the web material surface is required during production to find flaws and defects. Failure to detect these flaws and defects may result in thousands of feet of unusable web material. Thus, there exists varying methods of web inspection from manual inspection and sampling to image acquisition, processing and analysis.
FIG. 1 illustrates a traditional system 10 for web inspection utilizing line scan cameras 22 positioned above a web 12. Typically, two types of sensor technology, charge coupled device (CCD) or CMOS, are utilized. While CMOS technology allows the signal processing electronics to be on the same chip as the sensor, CCD sensor technology offers advantages superior imaging quality as compared to CMOS sensors, and stand alone components. Continuing with FIG. 1, high bandwidth camera-specific data cables 34 are required to transfer data from the line scan cameras 22 to a vision processor 32. A typical high bandwidth data stream transfer is forty (40) million pixels per seconds, i.e., 500 Mbits per second for pixels of eight (8) bits.
The megapixel data stream is transferred over the camera-specific cables 34 to frame grabber modules 24 in the vision processor 32. Frame grabber modules 24 utilize standard integrated circuit (IC) boards to digitize an analog video stream image from a line scan camera 22. The digitized images, represented by arrays of numbers, are streamed to pipeline vision processors 26 for real time preprocessing. The pipeline vision processors 26 utilize dedicated image processing boards for data and image analysis that may be different for various webs. For example, a pipeline vision processor 26 may be configured to extract specific information from an image. The processed images from each of the pipeline vision processors 26 are sent to an image analyzer processor 28 that further analyzes and processes an image of the full width of the web 12. The web inspection system 10 of the prior art may further include an image buffer board 30 for data storage. The vision processor 32 of the prior art requires a large chassis to house the IC boards of the frame grabber modules 24, the pipeline vision processors 26 the image analyzer processor, and the image buffer 30.
The processed image from the vision processor 26 is sent to a host computer 14 for display on the graphical user interface (GUI) of the host computer 14. Also connected to the host computer 14, is a defect marker 18 and an encoder 16. The encoder 16 sends information to the host computer 14 including the speed of the web 12. The web 12 typically moves over a rotary device driven by a shaft and roller that produce pulses per unit distance. The host computer 14 utilizes this information to determine the size and position of a defect. The host computer 14 may also include a database input/output board to control a defect marking system 18, and other peripheral device connections 20.
The web inspection systems 10 of the prior art present several disadvantages. As described above, prior art web inspection systems 10 require a high number of components that are supplied by many different manufacturers, thus presenting compatibility problems. Integration of the components is difficult and expensive, and the resulting system is often difficult to configure and use. The prior art web inspection systems 10 typically have large footprints and require racks or large custom boxes of boards for parallel processing. These extra racks of equipment and the operator console, or host computer 14, must be out on the floor and relatively close to the web equipment 12 due to the constraints on the length of connecting cables which must transmit a large bandwidth of data. For example, custom shielded cables are required to connect components to protect the video signal from picking up background noise. The requirement of proprietary cables and the large bandwidth transmission of the high speed raw image data from the cameras limits and/or preempts the use of standard factory ethernet cables to link all components and factory computers.
A further disadvantage of the prior art web inspection systems 10 as shown in FIG. 1 is the low mean time between failure due to the number of components. In addition, a web inspection system 10, as shown in FIG. 1, is an unbalanced architecture, meaning that one component in the system often limits the performance of the system. For example, high speed data sent over cables 34 may jam processing in the vision processing box 32. Also, high defect rates may cause overload occurrences in the image analyzer processor 28. Expansion of an unbalance architecture to add more capability is usually very expensive, and the system 10 is often already maximized, e.g. the rack holding the equipment cannot accept more boards. Another drawback of the non-robust web inspection system 10 of the prior art is that the system 10 is not easily scalable. Therefore, if a customer requires the detection of defects that are half the size that the current system 10 is capable of detecting, more cameras may be added, but the system 10 cannot be configured to accept more pipeline vision processors 26 and/or a second image analyzer 28.
Thus there exists a need for a balanced and robust web inspection system that is easily integrated with an existing manufacturing Ethernet, and is capable of detecting a high rate of web flaws and defects.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


A laser having an adjustment device for varying the output power of the laser. The adjustment device has an adjustment element which is switched in by the operator but cuts out automatically. Using a beam splitter, part of the laser beam is directed on to a light-sensitive element in order to determine the laser power. The values of the selected and instantaneous output power are indicated on the display of a display unit. The adjustment element can be switched in using only one hand and, with the adjustment element switched in, the laser power required can be adjusted using only one hand.

A laser of this type has been known from DE-OS 3,339,370. The conventional laser emits a pulsed, polarized laser beam, the intensity of which is varied by adjustment of a polarizing cube with an operating knob. After release of the operating knob, a testing pulse is triggered, the energy of this pulse is measured and optionally readjusted. Instead of adjusting the polarizing cube, it is also possible to change the voltage of the laser flash lamp.


A method of predicting rupture failure for corroded transmission pipelines uses a model that accounts for the effects of residual and thermal stresses, and settlement of the pipe following installation. The pressure required for failure under a fixed bending moment is different from the pressure required wherein the same bending moment is produced by the settlement of the pipe because the bending compliance increases with plastic straining. The failure criterion depends upon whether or not the hoop strain exceeds the difference between the ultimate hoop strain limit of the material and the remaining hoop strain capacity needed for the material to shed the axial stresses due to bending.

Extensive metal loss due to corrosion of pipelines can significantly increase the risk of rupture. It is vitally important to estimate the residual strength of corroded pipelines so that proper remedial actions may be taken to avoid catastrophic events. Some prior art methods rely on invasive techniques for measuring the residual strength of corroded structures.
Lacey (U.S. Pat. No. 4,389,877) discloses a system to monitor the amount of erosion taking place within a pipe. A point of reduced strength of the pipe is made by drilling a hole or a notch to a preselected depth in the pipe wall. A hollow casing is provided around the point of reduced strength to provide a sealed zone. A conduit in the hollow casing is connected to a sensing device to monitor pressure changes when pipe failure occurs at the hole or notch.
Others have relied on field simulation. Jones (U.S. Pat. No. 3,846,795) discloses a device in which a housing containing a corrodible member is coupled to the structure so as to expose the corrodible member to the same corrosive environment as the structure itself. The corrodible member is constructed and stressed so as to fail before the structural element. Failure of the corrodible member gives an indication that the failure of the structural element is approaching, allowing shut-down of the system and repair or replacement of failing structural elements.
Currently, the noninvasive assessment of corroded pipelines in the United States is based upon ASME B31G (1991) and modified guidelines RSTRENG (Kiefner and Vieth, 1993). These guidelines are empirically based and are limited in the range of pipe grade and operating conditions for which they yield conservative results. Because they only consider pressure loading, their application precludes failure predictions under combined loadings. Therefore, a reliable analysis model is required to assess the residual strength of a corroded pipe under combined loadings.
Models that apply to pipes subjected to combined pressure, bending and axial loading are rare. Under combined pressure and bending, the existing models usually employ a failure locus in the pressure and moment space. Rupture is presumed to occur if the combination of pressure and moment plots outside of the locus (Smith and Grigory, 1996; Stephens, 1996). This approach implies that under dead loading, bending will reduce the pressure at rupture. However, this need not be the case in the field where displacement controlled bending and axial loading are induced by differential settlement and axial constraint. Recent studies (Grigory and Smith, 1996; Smith et al., 1998; Wang et al., 1998), have demonstrated that the axial stresses within the corroded region due to bending and thermal expansion decrease to nearly zero at rupture provided sufficient strain capacity in the material exists. The implication is that the rupture pressure of a corroded pipe under combined pressure and fixed displacement secondary loading is the same as that for a pipe under internal pressure only, if sufficient strain capacity exists.

Method for the prediction of rupture in corroded transmission pipes subjected to combined loads


A method for capturing an image of an eye having an iris, including the steps of determining a plurality of measurement origins in the image; detecting an edge of the iris; determining a distance from each measurement origin to the edge of the iris; and, outputting a final image when each of the determined distances is equal to respective one of a plurality of predetermined lengths. A computer-readable medium containing computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to perform the above-described method is also described. An apparatus having an image sensor and a processor for performing the method is also described.

The present invention relates generally to capturing images of an eye, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for eye imaging with position registration and constant pupil size.
In the U.S., approximately 17 million people have diabetes; worldwide there are about 170 million. According to a recent estimate, at the current rate of increase, due to genetic makeup and economic growth, it is expected that the worldwide total population of diabetics may reach half a billion by 2008.
An important aspect of the management of diabetes is the constant monitoring of the blood serum glucose level. Current glucose measurement techniques involves pricking the finger with a lancet, and wicking the blood onto an electrochemical test strip that provides the electrical data read by a glucose meter. Many patients attempt to avoid these painful and uncomfortable tests, to the detriment of their health. The problem is especially acute among children.
To address the problem raised by invasive glucose measurement techniques, several non-invasive diagnostic methods have been proposed. One non-invasive diagnostic method for measuring glucose and other analytes of biomedical interest in humans is measuring changes in images of the eyes. This technique is based in part on the fact that some features of the eye have long term stability and that each individual has a unique iris pattern. Also, as the eye is self-cleaning, therefore minimizing contaminants that could interfere with the measurements, it provides an ideal site for diagnostic measurements.
In this method, images of the eye are captured and processed with a complex and sophisticated algorithm to determine a corresponding glucose level in the blood serum. However, in order to make consistent comparisons of the image data, it is necessary to hold constant some of the variables, such as the radiation wavelength and intensity, radiation pulse duration, orientation of the eye, and area coverage of the eye. Although the radiation and other characteristics may be easily reproduced, as they are provided by electronic devices and circuits, it is difficult to manipulate the eye orientation with respect to the measuring instrument, area coverage, and iris area of the eye to achieve consistent results using eye imaging techniques.
Accordingly, there is a need to overcome the issues noted above to achieve imaging of the eye with consistent parameters.

Method and apparatus for eye imaging with position registration and constant pupil size


A device to inject solid materials into foods comprising a piston, a sleeve, and a penetrating tip. Embodiments are described with both segmented and unitary sleeves. Deformation of the tip during storage is minimized by biasing members which withdraw the piston from the tip when an embodiment is not in use. A method is described for flavoring foods with solid objects.

There are several devices in prior US patent art which inject foods with solid materials. Among these are: U.S. Pat. No. 1,155,139 which teaches a device for curing, spicing and seasoning meats. This device has a segmented pointed tip which penetrates the meat in a closed configuration and then opens to allow solid materials to be injected within the meat.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,211,160 teaches a device for injecting solid spices and liquids into meats prior to cooking. The device comprises a pointed slug which caps a cylindrical tube which is filled through a reservoir with the ingredients to be injected. The slug penetrates the meat followed by the cylindrical tube. The slug then precedes the tube allowing the ingredients to enter the meat. The slug and the tube are then removed from the meat under spring pressure.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,703,688 discloses yet another device to inject fillings within sandwiches. This device works on a similar principle to the one disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 1,155,139.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,117,467 shows a device which injects stuffings into meats. A pointed square tube containing a sliding cylindrical piston is described. The piston forces the stuffings through the tube and into the interior of the meat.
Each of these devices has shortcomings which may include, but are not limited to: difficulty in cleaning, inconvenient apparatus filling, complexity in use, and difficult fabrication.

Device to inject foods with solid objects


An image processing method by which image information of a variety of artifacts can be easily searched through in accordance with attributes of the artifacts and the image information combined to easily produce a realistic image close to reality, comprising the steps of generating an artifact information object of clothing or another artifact by using element information object data indicating attributes of an element forming a component of the artifact and artifact generating processing object data indicating a processing procedure for generating the artifact by using the same, then combining the artifact and base artifact information object data of a base artifact such as a doll to generate image data of a scene of for example a doll with clothes on.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image processing method, a program of the same, and an image processing apparatus capable of searching through attributes of a variety of kinds of elements, storing the elements in a combinable format, and efficiently generating an image by using the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, due to the spread of computer graphics, a variety of image data has been produced by computer. Processing of a variety of multimedia data has become possible due to the spread of high performance computers and multimedia programs.
In the past, images of consumer and cultural items and works of art has been stored in memories as bit images. When using computer graphics to prepare for example an image of a doll wearing clothes, the usual practice is to compose it by performing simple processing such as producing an image of the doll and an image of the clothes as a single image or simply superimposing an image of clothes and an image of a human being prepared in a library in advance.
In the above computer graphics of the related art, however, the doll's shape and other attributes are not reflected in the image of the clothes, so there is the disadvantage that a realistic image cannot be obtained.
Further, the appearances of the clothes, doll, etc. actually change in accordance with their material or production process, however, there is a disadvantage that with the computer graphics of the related art, it is difficult to obtain images reflecting these.
Further, with the above computer graphics, for example, while images of clothes and images of dolls have been separately stored, information indicating the process of combining the two has not been stored and the two connected. Thus, there is a disadvantage that factors having cultural characteristics such as the materials of the stored consumer items or the shape, color, texture, etc. forming the visual expression cannot be efficiently searched through or edited.
Further, in the related art, only image data of a fixed bit images is stored in the memory: the image data is not linked with each other or organized. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that it is difficult to extract elements of cultural characteristics as cultural factors and freely search through image data stored in a memory, assemble and reproduce it, or combine it with new factors to create and otherwise process images of new consumer items.

Image processing method, program of the same, and image processing apparatus for searching images and producing realistic images


A method of providing business information data to a user, including allowing the user unlimited access to interactive, customizable modular applications through a single platform. The applications interface with a database to provide real-time business information data to the user, the business information data relating to an entity and being based on a unique corporate identification number associated with the entity.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to systems for delivering business information and services, and more particularly, to systems for consolidating various business information products and services in a single platform.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventional data integration systems typically update and verify data from numerous sources to be sure that business information data is accurate, complete, timely and globally accurate, so that customers can be confident in their critical business decisions.
The data integration systems incorporate processes that include collecting, aggregating, editing, and verifying data from thousands of sources daily so that customers can use the information to make profitable decisions for their businesses. An exemplary data integration system is described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/368,072, filed on Feb. 18, 2003, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein. Another example of a data integration system and process known as DUNSRight™, provided by the D&B Corporation. The foundation of such data integrations is quality assurance which includes thousands of separate automated checks, plus many manual ones, to ensure the data meets quality standards. In addition, five quality drivers work sequentially to collect and enhance the data, as shown in FIG. 1. Global Data Collection 1 brings together data from a variety of sources worldwide. Data is integrated into a Global Database 6 through Entity Matching 2, which produces a single, more accurate picture of each business. In step 3, a unique corporate identifier, such as a D-U-N-S® Number, is applied as a unique means of identifying and tracking a business globally through every step in the life and activity of the business. A Corporate Linkage step 4 enables customers to view their total risk or opportunity across related businesses. Lastly, Predictive Indicators 5 use statistical analysis to rate a business' past performance and to indicate how likely the business is to perform that same way in the future. Data Integration Information refers to data, including business information data, that has been subjected to at least one or more of the process steps described above.
Companies develop various risk management solutions to help customers increase profitability through effective risk management using business information collected and verified through the data integration process. Such solutions enable customers to improve cash flow by quickly identifying accounts likely to pay slowly or go bankrupt, manage total risk exposure by consolidating accounts receivable worldwide into a single database, boost operating margins by doing more with existing staff resources such as by automated decisioning solutions, establish decisioning that is compliant with all internal audit and external governance regulations, and increase revenue by quickly identifying low risk customers with credit remaining.
As shown in FIG. 2, customers have access to a variety of products and services, including risk management solutions, i.e., solutions, to optimize their use of business information. Customize marketing solutions (CMS) utilizes data integration information via a batch. Users can order various reports via links, such as ordering business information reports and alert services. Users can also access Toolkits, including a risk assessment manager (RAM, eRAM) and a global decision maker (GDM).
There exist current barriers for customers which prevent them from experiencing the full benefits of data integration available through existing solutions.
Such barriers include confusing product messaging, features, and benefits, overlapping capabilities, no logical or physical migration path between different solutions, disparate technology platforms that are difficult to upgrade and maintain, and data inconsistencies across different products. These barriers have limited the recognition and adoption of the highest value solutions and thereby have prevented customers from reaping the full benefits offered by these solutions.
There is a need for a system and method that allows use of various products and/or services on a single technology platform, that uses a subscription pricing model, can create services for specific customer segments, make products easy to understand and use, and allow unlimited, flexible access to real-time data.

Modular web-based ASP application for multiple products


An optical system of an optical disk apparatus having plural optical elements characterized in that the optical element having aberration which can counterbalance the wave front aberration of the whole optical system is disposed, or a direction of aberration of each existing optical element is adjusted in order to correct the wave front aberration.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an optical disk apparatus that detects a focus error signal by the astigmatism method.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In a known optical disk apparatus, laser light emitted from a laser light source is converged onto an optical disk serving as a recording medium. Reflected light from the optical disk is received by a photodetector to produce electric signals corresponding to recorded information and/or error information. In order to maintain accurate recording and/or reproducing the laser light must to be converged into a light spot the diameter of which is as small as a diffracting limit on the optical disk; accurate tracking of the beam is also required to keep the spot on the center of a track of the optical disk.
The optical disk apparatus has a detecting system to detect a focus error signal and a track error signal and a driving system to drive an objective lens along an optical axis direction and along a radial direction of the optical disk.
There are several methods to detect the focusing error signal. In general, an astigmatism method is used. The apparatus using the astigmatism method has a cylindrical lens placed in front of the photodetector. The light beam introduced on the photodetector will be circular only when the focus is correct, otherwise it becomes an ellipse where the aspect ratio of which changes as a function of the state of focus.
The photodetector is split into four photodetecting areas, and the focus error signal is generated from the difference between the outputs of the photodetecting areas.
However, when the focus error signal is detected by the above-mentioned astigmatism method, if the light beam has a wave front aberration, noise occurs in the focus error signal when the spot moves across a track.
The noise occurs as a result of a non-uniform intensity distribution, due to diffraction of the spot, when the light spot has a wave front aberration. In this specification, this noise is termed as F/T(focus/track) cross talk.
When the F/T cross talk occurs, the focus error signal indicates the objective lens being out of focus, even when the lens is in focus. Since the objective lens is driven along an optical axis direction, the objective lens is unstable whenever the light spot moves across a track. Therefore, the focus error signal is confused and movement of the light spot becomes inaccurate.

Optical disk apparatus having a focusing error correcting system


A system and method for fitting golf clubs is disclosed. The system and method implement a unique swing weight scale for promoting improved fitting, and thus, improved performance of the golf clubs.

The golf equipment industry continues to make quantum leaps in club design and construction materials, with millions upon millions of dollars being poured into advertising of the new technology and further research and development to come up with even more technological advances, all to try to gain an edge in the highly competitive marketplace.

System and method for fitting golf clubs

Pro-Fit Performance Club Fitting, L.L.C.


The invention relates to thermally conductive greases that may contain carrier oil(s), dispersant(s), and thermally conductive particles, wherein the thermally conductive particles are a mixture of at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles, each of the at least three distributions of thermally conductive particles having an average (D50) particle size which differs from the other average particle sizes by at least a factor of 5.

The invention relates to thermal interface materials and their use.
In the computer industry, there is a continual movement to higher computing power and speed. Microprocessors are being made with smaller and smaller feature sizes to increase calculation speeds. Consequently, power flux is increased and more heat is generated per unit area of the microprocessor. As the heat output of the microprocessors increases, heat or "thermal management" becomes more of a challenge.
One aspect of thermal management is known in the industry as a "thermal interface material" or "TIM" whereby such a material is placed between a heat source, such as a microprocessor, and a heat dissipation device to facilitate the heat transfer. Such TIMs may be in the form of a grease or a sheet-like material. These thermal interface materials also are used to eliminate any insulating air between the microprocessor and heat dissipation device.
TIMs typically are used to thermally connect a heat source to a heat spreader, that is, a thermally conductive plate larger than the heat source, in which case they are referred to as TIM Is. TIMs may also be employed between a heat spreader and a thermal dissipation device such as a cooling device or a finned heat sink in which case such TIMs are referred to as TIM IIs. TIMs may be present in one or both locations in a particular installation.


This invention relates to a pH measuring electrode having a sensor film which is sensitive to a hydrogen ion (H+) in the solution and method of manufacturing the same. The pH measuring electrode of this invention has a sensor film of a metal oxide deposited on an electrically conductive support so that the sensor film can be very miniaturized in its size. Therefore, the entire pH measuring electrode can be made considerably small and simple in construction. Also, this invention provides another pH measuring electrode which further includes a porous film of an insulation material coated on the surface of the metal oxide sensor film so that the sensor film is not affected by any coexistent substances.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a pH measuring electrode for use in measuring the pH of a solution and a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, it relates to a pH measuring electrode in which a metal oxide is used as a sensitive film (sensor film) thereof and a method of manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
As is well known, to measure the pH of a solution, a pH measuring electrode having a sensor film which is sensitive to a hydrogen ion (H.sup.+) in the solution is used. A typical example of such an electrode is a glass electrode in which the glass is employed as a sensor membrane. Recently, ISFET electrodes have also come to be used in a limited scope of fields. Furthermore, for a special solution, such as a high temperature solution or the like, or for a special application, a pH measuring electrode in which a metal such as platinum or the like, or a metal oxide such as titanium oxide or the like is employed as a sensitive film thereof, is used.
When pH of a solution is actually measured, said pH measuring electrode is used as a working electrode and is immersed in a solution to be measured together with a reference electrode such as a calomel electrode, silver-silver chloride electrode or the like, and a pH value of the solution to be measured is determined from the electric potential difference between both the electrodes.
Since glass electrodes are quite stable and are capable of making highly accurate measurements, they are greatly used to measure the pH of various kinds of solutions. However, glass electrodes are liable to be easily broken, and therefore they are troublesome to handle. Further, because they have poor resistance to chemicals, there is a limitation in the number of solutions pH of which can be measured by the glass electrodes. In addition, there is a problem in that, since an electric resistance value of the glass membrane is high, glass electrodes are difficult to miniaturize from the viewpoint of current manufacturing technology, which is a serious disadvantage as there is an increased demand for the miniaturization of pH meters and other pH measuring instruments.
For this reason, various types of electrodes for measuring pH which are capable of eliminating these drawbacks have been investigated, and the pH measuring electrodes in which the above-mentioned metals or metal oxides are used as sensitive films thereof, or ISFET electrode, have been provided.
However, the above-described conventional pH measuring electrodes in which metals or metal oxides are employed as sensitive films thereof have problems in that the range of pH the electrodes can measure is quite limited depending upon the kind of sensitive film employed therein, and that for a short period of time, stable measurements of pH cannot be made. For example, if there is a coexistent substance such as an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent in a solution to be measured, a great drift in electric potential measured by the electrode is caused and an accurate pH measurement could not be made. Also, ISFET electrodes have such problems that their drifts are great, that they are affected by light, that special amplifying circuits are required, etc.
The inventors have confirmed, after various kinds of experiments have been carried out, that to use iridium oxide as a sensitive film of a pH measuring electrode is effective. Well-known thin-film production technology such as sputtering, ion-beam deposition, ion plating or CVD, was used to form an iridium oxide film on an insulation substrate. However, in case that an iridium oxide film was formed on an insulation substrate, there is a limitation in the shape of the substrate. Also, since it is required to cover the lead-out portion of a lead wire secured to the iridium oxide film with a bonding agent, its workability is poor. In addition, it is difficult to make such electrode small at will.