In an Internet system having a plurality of applications, and a plurality of servers for attachment from a plurality of web browsers, a system supports connection oriented applications over a connectionless protocol. At least one of the servers is a master server work station gateway owning a well-known port, and the other servers are slave servers supporting established web browser-to-application state sessions.. Dynamic session authentication checking is done by the server to prevent the occurrence of screen spoofing by providing authentication keys which are unique to each session and each panel.

1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to computer system communications, and more particularly to a server for supporting connection-oriented type applications (also called "state" applications) over a connectionless-oriented ("stateless") type protocol.
2. Background of the Invention
Internet workstations are connectionless-oriented socket clients or applications that connect to a server only long enough to retrieve an installment of data.
Once the data is retrieved, connectionless oriented socket applications generally disconnect until the next data transaction is initiated by the client. Connection oriented applications assume that the client maintains the connection to the server for the duration of the session. The client only disconnects when the session is being ended.
With connection-oriented applications, the identity and synchronization of both the client and server are known to both sides of the connection. Thus, it is taken for granted that the client is trusted and the data exchange is synchronized (in particular, the "current" or "active" application panel is known).
However, in connectionless-oriented applications, in which the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) class of service belongs, this connection is not maintained, and thus the identity and synchronization of either the client or server, or both, may change unknown to the other side. This has the potential to result in "out-of-sync" data exchanges, and it is not known if the reconnecting client was the original session initiator. This could "break" an application or expose sensitive data to another, unauthorized client. Consequently, there is a need in the art to assure that once an application is started with a given web browser, another browser cannot come along and connect or "spoof" (that is, steal, or take over) that browsers connection and application.
The IBM 5250 datastream is a device specific datastream for an IBM AS/400 computer system. Such a device specific datastream may be a serial stream of data bytes in hexadecimal form. A Workstation Gateway (WSG), acting as a protocol converter, receives IBM 5250 datastreams from connection-oriented type applications that depend on a connected state of direct communication with the attached device. The WSG converts the native 5250 datastreams into an equivalent Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) document and delivers the document to the destination client host browser over a connectionless-oriented protocol, called Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
The problem of job management is complicated by the fact that all browser-to-application sessions can only be initiated through the one WSG server that owns the socket with the "well-known" port defined for this service. Each session that is initiated must somehow be assigned to another WSG server by the one WSG server owning the "well-known" port.
It is an object therefore of the invention to provide an internet connection for a workstation gateway that supports connection-oriented type applications (can also be called "state" applications) over a connectionless-oriented (or "stateless") type protocol.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a workstation gateway server that supports and connects/reconnects multiple applications and clients through a single server, which maintains the illusion of a connectionless-oriented environment to the browser and a connection-oriented appearance to the interactive application.
It is a further object of the invention to manage multiplexing of web browsers and applications through one or more workstation gateway servers, where each such server may handle one or more browser to application connections.

Multiplexing of clients and applications among multiple servers

International Business Machines Corporation


An apparatus and system for transferring a liquid, such as an anesthetic, from the outlet port of a reservoir to a machine while effectively and conveniently minimizing the release of anesthetic. In one embodiment, the apparatus and system can include a first valve movable between a first position and a second position; a first housing surrounding the first valve; a second valve slidably connected to the first valve and movable between a third position and a fourth position; and a second housing which surrounds the second valve; wherein the apparatus defines a first opening, a second opening, and a receiver passage between the first and second openings. In another embodiment, a movable plunger can be slidably connected to the second valve.

Liquid anesthetics are often packaged in glass bottles and shipped to a location where they may be used to anesthetize a patient undergoing a medical or dental procedure. Such anesthetics may also be used to induce analgesia in a patient undergoing a medical or dental procedure. In order to administer the anesthetic, the contents of the glass bottle are placed in a vaporizer. The vaporizer can vaporize the anesthetic and provide the vaporized anesthetic in a desired amount to the patient.
Inhalable anesthetics are typically volatile substances with relatively low boiling points and high vapor pressure. Preferably, there is little or no release of anesthetic to the atmosphere during handing. The opening of a bottle containing vaporizer can be covered by a closing mechanism having an outlet port. To transfer the liquid anesthetic to a vaporizer, however, the outlet port must be opened. Since it is unwise to expose medical personnel performing a procedure to an anesthetic, and since anesthetics are expensive, devices have been developed to minimize the release of anesthetic from a bottle to the environment surrounding a vaporizer. These devices, however, have failed to conveniently and effectively minimize the release of anesthetic.


The present invention provides improved driving methods for four particle electrophoretic displays. The driving methods improve the color state performance when a first pixel is displaying a mixed state of a first highly-charged particle and a second lower-charged particle of the opposite polarity, while a neighboring pixel is displaying a state of a second highly-charged particle having the opposite polarity to the first highly-charged particle. The particles can be, for example, all reflective or one type of particle can be partially light transmissive.

Electrophoretic displays (electronic paper, ePaper, etc.), such as commercially-available from E Ink Holdings (Hsinchu, Taiwan), have advantages of being light, durable, and eco-friendly because they consume very little power. The technology has been incorporated into electronic readers (e.g., electronic book, eBook) and other display environments (e.g., phones, tablets, electronic shelf tags, hospital signage, road signs, mass transit time tables). The combination of low power consumption and sunlight readability has allowed for rapid growth in so called "no-plug and play" operations in which a digital signage system is merely attached to a surface and interfaces with exiting communication networks to provide regular updates of information or images. Because the display is powered with a battery or solar collector, there is no need to run utilities or even have a plug dangling from the display.
A variety of color options for electrophoretic displays have recently become available, ranging from improved color filter arrays, to complex subtractive pigment sets, to high-fidelity color options that rely on multiple sets of reflective color particles. This last system has seen great acceptance for commercial signage, such as in food stores, clothiers, and electronics retailers. In particular, three particle E Ink SPECTRA™ signs can be found around the world in grocery stores, consumer electronics retailers, and home improvement stores. Upcoming improvements will include a fourth reflected electrophoretic particle, e.g., as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,170,468, 9,812,073, 9,640,119, and 10,147,366, all of which are incorporated by reference in their entities. The four-particle systems typically include black, white, red, and yellow particles, however a variety of colors are possible depending upon the selection of engineered pigments. Additionally, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,640,119, it is also possible to present a mixture of two of the four types of particles at the viewing surface, to achieve, for example, the color orange as a mixture of red and yellow particles at the viewing surface. The invention provides driving waveform improvements for such systems, especially when implemented in a display having an array of pixel electrodes.

Synchronized driving waveforms for four-particle electrophoretic displays


Provided are an apparatus and corresponding method of determining a navigation trajectory of a vehicle. The method includes receiving, by a control server, traffic congestion information with respect to a road network comprising trajectories from the current location to the destination, determining, by the control server, candidate trajectories ordered by the shortest distance among the trajectories from a current location to a destination or ordered by the shortest time among the trajectories from a current location to a destination, in consideration of the traffic congestion information, and determining, by the control server, the trajectory having the smallest increase in the traffic congestion degree with respect to the road network among candidate trajectories as a final trajectory.

1. Field
The following description relates to a vehicle navigation apparatus and a method of determining a vehicle trajectory. A vehicle's trajectory refers to the travel path it follows as the vehicle moves over time. This work was partly supported by the ICT R&D program of MKE/KEIT [10041244, SmartTV2.0 Software Platform].
2. Discussion of Related Art
Navigation services for guiding trajectories of vehicles to help the vehicles reach a destination have become popular services used by many drivers. For example, such navigation services may be provided by dedicated navigation devices installed in the vehicle, or alternatively may be provided by terminals such as smartphones.
The navigation services that have been commercialized may provide the shortest distance trajectory or the shortest time trajectory to users and suggest directions to users to guide trajectories in accordance with various options. Furthermore, some navigation services may guide trajectories having a shortest travel time regardless of distances by considering traffic information on the roads. For example, it may make sense to follow a trajectory that is a longer trajectory if factors such as traffic congestion and speed limits would cause a trajectory that includes a longer distance if a user can follow such a trajectory at a greater speed and thereby reach the same destination in less time than a shorter trajectory where traffic factors would place limits on travel speed.
In various examples, trajectories are provided in accordance with various options such as providing the shortest distance trajectory in accordance with lengths of trajectories, whether the trajectory is fee-charging or not, and the shortest time trajectory in which traffic information is reflected along with other factors related to the desirability of various trajectories. However, when the same navigation service is used by a large number of users, a large number of vehicles may be concentrated in the same trajectory or overlapped trajectories, and therefore the corresponding travel time is increased.

Vehicle navigation apparatus and method of determining trajectory of vehicle

RESEARCH & BUSINESS FOUNDATION SUNGKYUNKWAN UNIVERSITY


In one embodiment, two way communication between an IP phone behind a firewall and an IP phone behind a translation device is established. A network security device receives a remote packet from the translation device. The header of the remote packet includes the address of the translation device, and a payload of the remote packet includes an embedded remote address and the media port of the IP phone behind the translation device. A memory stores the media port matched with the address of the translation device. When the network security device receives a local packet from the IP phone behind the firewall destined for the IP phone behind the translation device, a controller rewrites the destination port of the local packet with the media port.

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) generally describes the transmission of voice communication over IP networks. VoIP typically utilizes an Internet protocol (IP) phone. An IP phone may be hardware based or software based. Software-based IP phones are implemented on personal computers. Hardware-based IP phones are stand alone devices that resemble conventional telephones that operate on the plain old telephone system (POTS).
Some IP phones may operate on a network that includes an address translation device. Network Address Translation (NAT) modifies IP address and port information (e.g. transmission control protocol (TCP) or user datagram protocol (UDP)) in packet headers. A NAT device has IP addresses in a public address space. The devices on the internal network are assigned addresses in a private address space. The NAT device maps the private address space to an IP address in the public address space so that returning traffic can reach the internal devices. A specific type of NAT, Port Address Translation (PAT), involves the translation of both IP address and port numbers into a single IP address, that is the translation device's address. PAT devices are common in home or remote offices. IP phones on the internal network that rely on an address translation device may not communicate properly with IP phones on other networks.

Differentiation of multiple media endpoints behind an address translation device


One embodiment provides a method, the method including: receiving, at a website anticipation system, an indication of a plurality of user devices to be in operative communication with a central device during a predetermined time period; detecting, using the website anticipation system, at least one website to be accessed by the plurality of user devices during the predetermined time period, wherein the at least one website is to be requested by the central device; and prior to the central device requesting the plurality of user devices access the website, preloading, using the website anticipation system, at least a portion of the website on a least a subset of the plurality of user devices.

With the increase in virtualization, more meetings are being conducted using remote communication connections and software that facilitates the meetings. One area that has seen a surge in virtualization is school or other classroom settings. Rather than all students and a teacher being physically located in the same space, the teacher can be located in one physical location and one or more of the students can be located in different physical locations. Classroom management software is employed to allow the teacher to transmit information to the student devices simultaneously. Additionally, the teacher's console, or central system, provides some control over the devices of the student(s), or user devices. For example, the central device can dictate websites or applications that can be accessed by the user devices during the classroom time, or predetermined time period.

Anticipatory loading of websites on user devices


An electrical comprises a base, and a plurality of contacts received in the base. The base defines a mating interface, a mounting interface opposite to the mating interface, and a plurality of passageways arranged between the mating interface and the mounting interface so as to receive the contacts. The base further defines peripheral edges, and each edge defines at least one positioning member extending upwardly from the mating interface along the peripheral edges, said positioning members seated around region having contacts so as to define a receiving cavity adapted to have an CPU module received therein jointly with the mating interface.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to an electrical connector, and more particularly relates to an electrical connector having insulative housing with simple structure.
2. Background of the Invention
Electrical connectors have been widely used for electrically connecting two electrical interfaces such as an electrical substrate, e.g. a PCB, and an integrated circuit (IC) package, e.g. a central processing unit (CPU) module. Electrical connectors generally comprising an insulative housing, and a plurality of contacts received in the housing for electrically connected with said two electrical interfaces.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,877,990 issued to Liao on Apr. 12, 2005 discloses an electrical connector comprising an insulative housing, and a number of contacts received in the housing. The insulative housing defines a mating interface with peripheral sidewalls extending therefrom so as to define a receiving cavity adapted to have a CPU module received therein. Two opposite sidewalls each define a small opening ensuring the CPU module detaching from the cavity easily. However, Liao's housing is too complicated to implement.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,044,746 issued to Copper on May 16, 2005 disclosed a socket assembly 10, which has been applied to industry, including base 14 and peripheral walls 12 extending upwardly from the base 14 that define an inner cavity 14. Spring contacts are positioned in the receptacle formed in base. As shown in FIG. 1 of the patent, peripheral walls form continuous sidewalls such that form the inner cavity 14 jointly with the base. However, Copper's device is also too complicated to implement.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,527,597 issued to Harber on Mar. 4, 2003 disclose typical type of electrical connector for establishing electrical connecting between two electrical interfaces. As shown in FIG. 3 of this patent, Harber disclosed an electrical connector comprising several connectors 100. Each connector 100 defines a wall 115 around a portion of its periphery, so that when said several connector 100 modules are fully assembled, the walls 115 form an enclosure around the periphery of the connector 100. The walls 115 have keying features 117 for mating with another connector. Actually, the keying features 117 are openings arranged on the walls 115 in a preferred embodiment disclosed by Harber. However, such electrical connector disclosed by Harber is too complicated to implement.
As such, there is a room for providing a design for electrical connector met the requirement from the industry.


A springingly urged clamp is especially useful with a small towel such as the type used in golfing service and is a palm sized clamp which is both easily manually engageable and easily manually manipulable. The clamp, and its affixed towel, can be attached to the golf bag, or any portion of the clothing to yield maximum easy utilization of the towel. In one embodiment, a golf towel's reinforcing ring is fed into a slot on one side of the clamp of the present invention and onto a post to ensure secure, but interchangeable engagement.

Towels and other absorbent materials are used in the game of golf for in a variety of services. Towels are used to wipe perspiration from the hands and arms, to clean soiled equipment, and dry freshly washed golf balls. Golf towels may be carried in the clothes pocket, clipped to a golf bag, or stored within a compartment on the golf bag. The method and location in which the golf towel is carried often depends upon how amenable it is to attachment. A non-attachable towel will most likely end up in the pocket of the golfer, if he has a pocket. This method of carrying can be uncomfortable especially when the towel forms a bulge in the golfers pocket. Such a bulge can be deleterious to the golfer's game the pressure of the towel is sufficient to take the golfer's concentration away from the game.
The use of a bag carried towel clip has been found handy by some golfers, but only so long as the golfer is in the vicinity of the bag to which the towel is attached. Clips are hook shaped devices with a keeper which may attach easily and detach with a good deal of effort. When the golfer is playing on the green, the golf bag is typically left at the edge of the green. This is traditional and required golf etiquette since it minimizes the damage to the green by precluding golf carts, bag carriers and bags from being carried onto the green.
In the case where the golf bag is strapped into a golf cart, the towel may be especially inaccessible. In several golf courses the movement of the golf carts onto certain areas is restricted. In either case, the golfer is then faced with the task of un-clipping the towel from the bag and then carrying it along un-clipped or re-clipped to a clothing structure such as a belt loop. The towel must be unclipped and replaced on the bag, again with the difficulty accompanying the operation of a conventional clip.
Women golfers, who may have less digital strength may have particular difficulty with the operation of a conventional clip. In addition, women golfers' clothing may lack the number and size pockets of the clothing of their male counterparts, making the carrying of a golf towel in the conventional manner more onerous.
Many golfers may wish to have a golf towel attached to the bag during fairway play and attached to the clothing during green play. What is needed is a device to facilitate the attachment of a golf towel to a wide variety of structures. The method of attachment should be quick and easy and not taxing of the strength of the hands and fingers. The device should not be subject to rust or corrosion. The device should be large enough to facilitate the easy and sure manual engagement and operation thereof.


A method and apparatus are provided for operating a flashlight using a light emitting diode as a primary light source. The method includes the steps of activating the light emitting diode as the primary light source of the flashlight under one of a plurality of different operating modes and selecting the operating mode using a momentary contact disposed on an outer surface of the flashlight. In the disclosed embodiments, the flashlight takes the form of a relatively small size, generally flat housing having metallic side panels that may be of various colors and have indicia printed on them. The housing has an integral keyring extension enabling an article to be attached to the flashlight or for the flashlight to be attached to other articles, such as the clothing of a user.

Conventional general-purpose flashlights are well known and find wide application by both law enforcement personnel and civilians. For example, flashlights are often used by law enforcement personnel during traffic stops to illuminate the interior of a stopped vehicle or to complete a police report in the dark. They are also used to facilitate searches of poorly lit areas and may be used to illuminate dark alleys or stairwells. Law enforcement personnel also use flashlights to check or adjust their equipment when positioned in a darkened area or at nighttime. Flashlights may also be used to send coded signals to one another. Thus, it is essential that law enforcement personnel carry a flashlight along with other law enforcement equipment such as, a sidearm, handcuffs, and an expandable baton. With such a large number of items, it is often difficult and cumbersome for law enforcement personnel to carry all of the items on their person.
Conventional flashlights generally include an incandescent lightbulb and drycell batteries enclosed in an elongated tubular casing typically consisting of a body section and a head section. Flashlights of this type are often bulky and cumbersome. Law enforcement personnel frequently use a holster to carry a flashlight on their person. The size and weight of conventional flashlights can inhibit the mobility of law enforcement personnel when carried along with the other law enforcement equipment, and sometimes leads to the flashlight being purposely or inadvertently left behind. This presents a problem when the need for a flashlight arises and one is not readily accessible.
In addition to the use of flashlights by law enforcement personnel, civilians also use flashlights for a number of reasons. Besides the traditional home uses of flashlights, smaller flashlights are used for various security purposes. For example, when going to one's car late in the evening, it is not uncommon for an individual, especially a female, to carry a small flashlight with her. She can use the flashlight to assist in locating the keyhole in the dark. Additionally, she can use the flashlight to check whether someone is hiding in the back seat before getting into the car. Even small conventional flashlights, however, are cumbersome and inconvenient to carry for this purpose.

Miniature flashlight having replaceable battery pack and multiple operating modes


Not only in order to lighten the setting changing operation of a network utility and to shorten the required time of the setting changing operation, but also in order to prevent operation mistakes, a method for setting parameter via network is provided for a plurality of nodes connected with the network. In the method, peculiar information and set items of the nodes are read out, the common set items are selected, and the parameters are transmitted.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method of setting parameters via network and a host computer.
2. Related Background Art
Hitherto, in the case where an apparatus of a network type such as a printer or the like which is an apparatus having an NIC (Network Interface Card), that is, an NIC apparatus is connected to a network, the NIC apparatus is set as a node connected to the network (for example, refer to JP-A-2000-267831).
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a procedure which is executed in a conventional setting method. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of conventional set items. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of default values of the conventional set items. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional network.
First, as shown in FIG. 2, an administrator executes an operation for searching for an NIC apparatus connected to the network from a personal computer PC as an administrator PC which he uses or a workstation WS. In this case, several search packets are transmitted from the administrator PC and the existence of the NIC apparatus is confirmed by the presence or absence of a response to it.
As shown by {circle around (1)} in FIG. 2, the NIC apparatus connected to the network transmits a response packet in response to the search packet, so that the NIC apparatus itself can notify the administrator PC that it is connected to the network. Contents of the search packet and the response packet are changed depending on search means which is used. When the NIC apparatuses connected to the network, that is, the nodes are found, the node whose setting is changed is selected from them and the present set values are read out.
Subsequently, as shown by {circle around (2)} in FIG. 2, change items are selected with reference to the present read-out set values and the set values are changed. For example, if the nodes connected to the network are printers, items as shown in FIG. 3 exist as set items.
In FIG. 3, NIC Name denotes a peculiar name of the NIC apparatus connected to the printer. IP (Internet Protocol) Address denotes an address which has been allocated to each printer and is necessary in the case of making communication by a protocol TCP/IP. Subnet Mask denotes a mask value which is necessary in the case of making communication by the protocol TCP/IP. By masking by such a value, the network can be divided into small subnetworks.
Server Name denotes a server which is used for printing. When the user transmits a job to be printed to the server, the server monitors a state of the printer and transmits the job to the printer. Apple Talk denotes a communication protocol like TCP/IP. The printer can communicate by using Apple Talk and receive print data. In the settings, whether such a protocol is used or not is determined.
Further, Frame Type denotes a lower protocol for dividing the network not physically but logically. Frame Type differs from foregoing Subnet Mask in the following manner. While Subnet Mask presupposes that the network is divided for convenience and communication among the subnets can be made, Frame Type is used in the case where the communication is totally disabled and a plurality of networks which cannot communicate with each other at all even though using a physically identical network are constructed. If such a setting is set to AUTO (automatic), the printers belong to all networks, so that the printing can be performed from any network.
An address at which a message is sent by E-mail in the case where an error occurs in the printer is registered into admin mail address. Resolution denotes print resolution showing how many dots (dot) can be printed in a region of 1 inch (inch). Ordinarily, in the case of the printer, such measurement is used for the resolution in each of the vertical and lateral directions. The resolution is expressed as, for example, 300×300 dpi (dots per inch: dots/inch).
Although the above set values have values (default values) as shown in FIG. 4(a) in the initial state, the settings have to be changed to values as shown in FIG. 4(b) in order to be actually used.
Finally, as shown by {circle around (3)} in FIG. 2, the changed settings are transmitted to the nodes connected to the network.
By executing such a procedure, the setting of one NIC apparatus as a node serving as a printer can be made.
As shown in FIG. 5, the administrator who manages a plurality of printers Pr1 to Pr5 needs to repeat the setting operation as many times as the number of printers to be managed by using the administrator PC. The operation which requires time and work most among the operations mentioned above is the setting changing operation.
A construction of a network utility will be described here.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a construction of a conventional network utility.
As shown in the diagram, a host utility 110 as a network utility comprises: a network communicating unit 118 having a function for communicating with nodes connected to the network by a network protocol; an SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) communicating unit 117 for notifying the nodes connected to the network of a kind of action (whether information is obtained or written) in communication by using SNMP as an upper protocol of the network protocol; a device finding unit 114 having a function for finding out unset nodes connected to the network; a set value reading unit 112 for issuing an instruction to read out set information of the nodes connected to the network; a set value writing unit 113 for issuing an instruction to write the set information by the nodes connected to the network; a per-set-item processing unit 115 for discriminating whether the instruction or contents issued by the set value writing unit 113 is/are correct or not; a user I/F unit 111 as an interface with the user; and a set item—MIB corresponding 15 unit 116 for rewriting the instructions issued from the set value reading unit 112 and the set value writing unit 113 into specific parameter numerical values by searching an MIB (Management Information Base) database.
The operation of a process for changing the settings of the nodes connected to the network using the network utility with the above construction will now be described.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation for the setting changing process in the conventional network utility.
First, when the host utility 110 as a network utility is activated, it executes an operation (discovery) for finding out the nodes connected to the network, that is, the NIC apparatuses (printers/NICs) as printers.
Subsequently, whether the setting changing operation has been finished with respect to all nodes connected to the network and whose setting change is executed or not is discriminated. If the setting changing operation has been finished, the setting operation is finished. If the nodes which are connected to the network and whose settings are not changed exist, one node which is connected to the network and whose settings are not changed is selected and the present set items are read out by using the network utility. By such an operation, the set items and the present set values of the relevant nodes connected to the network are displayed on the network utility.
The set values displayed on the network utility are changed. At this time, all of the items in which the setting change is necessary are changed.
Subsequently, after confirming that all of the set items have correctly been changed, a "decide button" to transmit the set values which the network utility has to the nodes connected to the network is clicked by a mouse. By such an operation, the changed set values are transmitted to the nodes connected to the network.
In order to distinguish the nodes which are connected to the network and have been set from the nodes which are connected to the network and whose settings are not changed yet, the administrator makes a memo of information each time the setting operation for one printer is finished.
The flowchart of FIG. 7 will now be described.                Step S1: Discovery of the NIC apparatus is made.        Step S2: The presence or absence of the unset NIC apparatuses is discriminated. If there are unset NIC apparatuses, step S3 follows. If there is no unset NIC apparatus, the processing routine is finished.        Step S3: One apparatus is selected and the set items are read out.        Step S4: The set values are changed.        Step S5: The set values are transmitted to the NIC apparatus.        Step S6: The memo of the information is made as a set NIC apparatus and the processing routine is returned to step S2.
However, in the conventional parameter setting method via the network, the administrator who manages a plurality of printers needs to repeat the setting operation as many times as the number of printers to be managed. Therefore, much time has to be spent for managing the nodes connected to the network and it takes a long time to perform the setting changing operation of the network utility. Since the setting changing operation requires a lot of work, a possibility of making a mistake in the operation (erroneous setting) is high.

Method for setting parameter via network and host computer


1,2,4-Triazine-3,5-dione-6-carboxamides of the general formula (I) are described as herbicides.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the technical field of the herbicides, especially that of the herbicides for selective control of broad-leaved weeds and weed grasses in crops of useful plants.
2. Description of Related Art
WO2012/002096 A1 discloses, inter alia, 1,2,4-triazine-3,5-dione-6-carbonylcyclohexanediones and 1,2,4-triazine-3,5-dione-6-carbonylpyrazoles as herbicides. However, the compounds known from these documents do not always have adequate herbicidal efficacy and/or compatibility with crop plants.
It has now been found that 1,2,4-triazine-3,5-dione-6-carboxamides are of particularly good suitability as herbicides.

1,2,4-triazine-3,5-dione-6-carboxamides and use thereof as herbicide

Abstract: In this formula (I), R1 and R2 are radicals such as hydrogen, organic radicals such as alkyl, and other radicals such as halogen. Q is a tetrazolyl, triazolyl or oxadiazolyl radical. Z and Y are each oxygen or sulfur.


The invention teaches placing labels over air diffusion vents on inkjet printheads depending upon a content of the inkjet printhead. In one embodiment, the inkjet printhead contains one or three inks in its interior and has three air diffusion vents in a lid that fluidly communicate with the interior. If the interior has one ink, a label covers the entirety of two of the three air diffusion vents to substantially prevent the two air diffusion vents from communicating with atmosphere. If the interior has three inks, a label only covers a portion of each of the three air diffusion vents and allows each to fluidly communicate with atmosphere. In this manner, single or tri-color inkjet printhead manufacturing can occur with a single lid having a multiplicity of label placement positions. The labels can have similar dimensions, dissimilar length dimensions or other.

The art of inkjet printhead manufacturing is well known. In general, a printhead has a housing or body that defines an interior filled with one or more inks. To prevent enormous pressure build-up during printing, each compartment contains a lung or a foam insert and an air diffusion vent that fluidly communicates the interior to atmospheric pressure. Often times, the air diffusion vent embodies a circuitous or torturous path in the form of a serpentine channel that snakes from a hole fluidly connected to the interior, and formed through a thickness of the housing, to a terminal end thereof. A label, or other covering, typically lays over the hole and portions of the air diffusion vent, but not the terminal ends, to slow the effects of ink evaporation.
Yet, depending upon the printhead type or content, e.g., single ink or multicolored, the number and placement of air diffusion vents for the housing of any given printhead changes. Thus, no commonality exists in the housing design which further prevents commonality from existing in the placement position and dimensions of the label over the air diffusion vents. This increases manufacturing costs.
Accordingly, the art of printhead manufacturing has a need for minimizing manufacturing costs, especially a need for a common printhead housing and label placement scheme regardless of content or type.

Inkjet printheads having multiple label placement positions for air diffusion vents


An organic light-emitting display device includes a plurality of emission pixels aligned in columns and rows, each of the emission pixels including an emission device and a first pixel circuit coupled to the emission device, a dummy pixel including a second pixel circuit in each column of the emission pixels, and a repair line in each column, wherein a same data signal is provided to one of the emission pixels coupled to the repair line and to the dummy pixel coupled to the repair line, and wherein the emission pixels are configured to simultaneously emit light.

1. Field
Embodiments of the present invention relate to an organic light-emitting display device, a method of repairing the same, and a method of driving the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
If a certain pixel is defective, the pixel may constantly emit light regardless of the presence of a scan signal and a data signal. The pixel that emits light all the time is regarded as a bright spot (or a hot spot), and has high visibility, and is thus easily recognized by a user. Accordingly, a defective pixel having a high visibility and viewed as a bright spot was conventionally converted to a dark spot to allow the defective pixel to be less likely to be recognized. However, as complexity of pixel circuitry becomes relatively complicated, a bright spot due to a circuit defect may not be easily solved.

Organic light-emitting display device, method of repairing the same, and method of driving the same


A neutral buoyancy fuel bladder uses hydrogen and oxygen to power an airship. The neutral buoyancy fuel bladder includes a fuel cell, electrolyzer, and means for storing hydrogen, oxygen and water. The fuel cell uses the hydrogen and oxygen to create heat, water and current flow. An energy source transmits a beam to an energy receiving unit on the airship, and the energy from said beam is used to (1) power said airship, and (2) replenish the supply of hydrogen and oxygen.

A typical airship is comprised of a hull which can be either non-rigid, semi-rigid, or rigid. A non-rigid airship normally comprises a pressurized, gas tight fabric envelope constructed of several layers of impregnated cloth, and it relies upon internal pressure to enable it to endure compressive or bending loads. A rigid airship comprises a hull normally constructed of metal or wood which is covered with a doped fabric to form the airship's envelope. A rigid airship does not depend on internal pressure for strength and stability. Semi-rigid airships contain the features of both rigid and non-rigid airships.
An airship achieves most of its lift from the lighter-than-air gas contained within its envelope. The two most frequently used gases are hydrogen and helium, although helium is more commonly used because it is readily available, nonflammable and inert. The mobility of an airship comes from its propulsion system which may include an internal combustion engine, a fuel source, and a propeller and rudder system. One of the major advantages of an airship is its ability to remain aloft for extended periods of time without the need for returning to the earth for refueling as is required by conventional aircraft. This ability to remain aloft for extended periods of time results from the fact that an airship's loft is achieved primarily by the helium or hydrogen contained within its envelope, not from any lift resulting from its propulsion system. While an airship has the ability to remain aloft for an extended period of time, such time period is not unlimited, but rather is limited by the airship's fuel capacity.

Airship with neutral buoyancy fuel bladder


Apparatus and methods are provided for separating a pane (11) of a brittle material from a moving ribbon (13) of the material without contact between the newly-formed leading edge of the ribbon and the newly-formed trailing edge of the pane. The apparatus includes a pane engaging assembly (15), a transporter (29), and a connector assembly (31) which together ensure that the pane (11) and the sheet (13) do not contact each other once separation occurs. In this way, edge chipping and the resulting occurrence of surface defects on the separated pane are decreased.

Specialized glasses such as those used as substrates in the manufacture of liquid crystal displays and similar devices have demanding standards regarding surface defects. One source of such defects is glass chips generated during the separation of panes of glass from a moving ribbon of glass.
In the past, such separation has been performed manually using the following steps. First, a separation line (score line) was formed in the ribbon of glass using an automated moving scribe/moving anvil assembly. Then, the operator attached a vacuum cup array to the glass below the score line and applied a bending moment to the glass to cause it to break at the score line and thus form the desired glass pane. This breaking produced a newly-formed leading edge on the moving ribbon and a newly-formed trailing edge on the glass pane.
To avoid damage to these newly-formed edges, the operator would endeavor to immediately move the pane away from the oncoming leading edge of the ribbon. As will be evident, this was not easy to do because, among other things, it was difficult to apply the same bending moment to the pane each time it was to be separated form the moving ribbon. Different bending moments resulted in different orientations for the pane at the time of separation, making it even more difficult to avoid edge contact. Different bending moments also affect the break signature or quality of the break independent of edge contact. Moreover, even with identical bending moments, individual panes of glass can separate at different angles making the avoidance of edge contact even more difficult to achieve.
As a result, only highly skilled and trained operators could perform the pane separation procedure, and even with such operators, edge contact and break signature variation occurred leading to rejected panes.


The device for reducing the gas and water contamination of transformer oil filling includes a main tank and a conservator provided with a sludge discharge fitting, being joined by an upper connecting pipe having an upper Buchholz relay and a discharge fitting. A lower pipe coupling including a circulating pump joins a top part of the main tank with a top part of an oil cooler while a bottom part of the cooler is joined by a lower pipe coupling with the bottom part of the main tank. The main tank bottom part is provided with a release fitting and also has a connection led out from the release fitting, and is joined with the top part of a stabilizing tank, the bottom part of which is joined by a connection pipe with the sludge discharge fitting and/or with a fitting located in the conservator bottom part.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a device for reducing the gas and water contamination of transformer oil fillings which is especially suitable for reducing air gas and air humidity contamination of power transformers oil fillings.
2. Description of the Related Art
The existing solutions for reducing the gas and water contamination of fluids can be distinguished according to the principles they utilize on the one hand, or the degree of protection which these solutions give to protected fluids on the other hand.
One of the examples well known from engineering practice is the protection of power transformer oil fillings against air gas and humidity infiltration from the surrounding atmosphere.
The most frequently used devices are limited to only reducing the air humidity infiltration into the transformer oil filling by using air dryers. The dryers, operating either on an absorption or a freezing principle, are usually inserted into the pipeline joining a dialation vessel (conservator) with surrounding atmosphere.
Another substantially more effective solution which is able not only to limit the air humidity infiltration, but also air gas infiltration into a protected oil filling, operates on the principle of an elastic element, which is usually a bag or a diaphragm built directly in a conservator, where by means of said element, the protected fluid is separated from the surrounding air.
A further solution consists in reducing the air and humidity infiltration into the main tank by a so called thermo-hydraulic closure which is embedded either directly in a conservator or in a pipeline connecting the top part of the main tank with the bottom part of a conservator. In this case, a so called thermal stratifying layer is utilized which arises in a thermo-hydraulic closure vessel and separates cold and potentially contaminated oil from the conservator from the hot oil in the main tank. Under suitable conditions this layer acts as a very thin and perfectly elastic diaphragm protecting the proper transformer oil filling against the infiltration of undesirable admixtures from the surroundings.
Another relatively new solution, which can strongly reduce the air gas and humidity infiltration into the oil filling of power transformers, utilizes a dissimilar hydraulic connection between the conservator and the main tank. The connection of the transformer bottom part with the conservator enables the exploitation of the thermal stratifying layer which spontaneously arises in the transformer bottom part of the main tank for a natural separation of the hot and clean oil which occurs in a top part of this machine from the air gas contaminated cold oil which occurs in the conservator.
All solutions given here and devices based thereupon have some disadvantages.
A fundamental disadvantage of all devices which merely suppress or reduce the air humidity infiltration into the transformer is they only affect the water contamination of the transformer and thereby the instant (short-term) reliability thereof. More particularly, these solutions do not limit the undesired penetration of gas, above all oxygen, into the transformer and are not able to suppress the oxidation aging both of the proper oil and of solid insulants which mainly affect the long-term reliability of this machine.
However, one fact to be considered as a main disadvantage of the so called transformer hermetization by means of a bag or diaphragm, built in a conservator, is that this solution is relatively expensive and routinely needs a tightness check of the elastic element in working conditions. When some leakage appears, this element cannot be simply repaired and usually the whole conservator must be replaced.
In a case where the thermo-hydraulic closure is used, some disadvantages of the elastic element do not occur because the thermal stratifying layer arises always spontaneously on a hot and cold oil boundary line and cannot be permanently damaged. But to stabilize this layer, a sufficient thermal difference must be maintained in a thermohydraulic closure vessel and—in order to cover the whole extent of transformer working temperatures—the thermo-hydraulic closure vessel must be sufficiently voluminous. All these facts complicate both the transformer design (usually so called transport profile thereof must be enlarged), and an eventual modification thereof to a hermetized version, and further additional devices are necessary which complicate the maintenance. For example, the thermal stratifying level must be stabilized by drawing out the oil from the closure.
A main disadvantage of the thermal stratifying level utilization in the bottom part of a main tank consists in a potential stability violation of this layer, partly by heat transfer from the machine magnetic circuit anchored at the vessel bottom and partly by a turbulent oil stream from the coolers. This is due to relatively high vessel entering velocity of the turbulent oil stream which may start the stratifying layer to first undulate or even be destroyed afterwards.

Device for reducing the gas and water contamination of transformer oil filling


A monitoring device includes a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, and a determining unit. The transmitting unit transmits, to a plurality of base stations, instructions on mutual monitoring among the base stations. The receiving unit receives, from a base station that has detected abnormality of a base station serving as a monitoring target in accordance with the instruction among the base stations, information indicating a base station determined as having abnormality. The determining unit determines a level of a fault that has occurred in the base station indicated by the information received by the receiving unit.

In recent years, with the sophistication of wireless communication due to the popularization of new technologies including long term evolution (LTE), smaller cells are increasingly widespread in order to reduce network load. In particular, a femto base station that forms a femtocell that is a hundred-thousandth of a macrocell is rapidly increasing; however, because the femto base station has similar functions as those of a macro base station, the equivalent maintenance and management as those of the macro base station are needed. However, the number of installed femto base stations is much larger than the macro base stations; therefore, in the femto base stations, an Internet-based interface (for example, technical report (TR)-069) rather than a dedicated line is employed in order to suppress maintenance and management cost. Specifically, in a network formed by femtocells, a monitoring device, such as an equipment management system (EMS), monitors under-controlled femto base stations in real time via the above described interface.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2013-26794
Patent Document 2: Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2004-145781
Patent Document 3: Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2009-231861
Patent Document 4: Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2007-114907
Patent Document 5: Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2011-66522
However, because the number of the femto base stations to be monitored is large, large load is constantly applied to the monitoring device regardless of occurrence or non-occurrence of faults in the femto base stations. Specifically, the monitoring device needs about one second for a connection sequence and a disconnection sequence in order to monitor a single femto base station. Therefore, if 100,000 femto base stations are to be monitored with a period of 30 seconds for example, the monitoring device needs to have the capability to simultaneously monitor 3,000 or more femto base stations. Further, the monitoring device performs monitoring by checking connections to the femto base stations. Therefore, it is difficult to determine whether the monitoring target femto base stations are in fault states or in power disconnected states, or it is difficult to determine whether a fault is an intermittent fault or a permanent fault.


[Object] To appropriately control simultaneous presentation of broadcast content and an application.

Recently, there is known a technology capable of reproducing broadcast content and executing an application, which is delivered via a network such as the Internet, simultaneously. As such a technology, there is known a technology called Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (hereinafter, referred to as "HbbTV".). As HbbTV standard, "ETSI TS 102 796" (see Non-patent Document 1.) is developed in Europe. Further, "ARIB STD-B23" (see Non-patent Document 2.) standard, which is compliant with "ETSI TS 102 796" is developed in Japan.
For example, HbbTV is a system, which reproduces broadcast content and executes an application simultaneously. In such a system, a data structure called AIT section (Application Information Table) controls a life cycle of an application. The life cycle of an application means the period from the start to the end of an application. The AIT section is superimposed on broadcast content. An information terminal obtains the AIT section. The information terminal controls an application based on a code for controlling the application, which is included in the AIT section.
Further, there is known an XML-AIT described in XML format. The XML-AIT has information similar to the information that the broadcast AIT section has. The XML format is suitable to provide information on an application to a receiver apparatus by using a communication network such as the Internet.
Non-Patent Document 1: ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) "ETSI TS 102 796 V1.1.1 (2010-06)" http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/102700—102799/102796/01.01.01—60/ts—102796v010101p.pdf (browsed on Oct. 21, 2011)
Non-Patent Document 2: Association of Radio Industries and Businesses "Application execution engine platform for digital broadcasting ARIB standard STD-B23 1.2 edition" http://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/doc/2-STD-B23v1—2.pdf (browsed on Oct. 21, 2011)

Information processing apparatus, information processing method, program, and application information table transmitting apparatus

Abstract: [Solving Means] The information processing apparatus includes: a broadcast content processor configured to receive and process broadcast content; and a controller configured to obtain an application information table, the application information table (XML-AIT) storing an application identification descriptor 24 as information specifying broadcast content, the broadcast content being capable of being presented with the application simultaneously, and to determine if it is possible to present the application and the broadcast content simultaneously or not.


The present invention relates to an image processing device enabling detection of a mixture ratio indicating the state of mixture between multiple objects. A contour region information generating unit 421 and a normal equation generating unit 422 extracts contour region pixel data within a frame of interest positioned at a contour region with approximately a same mixture ratio, extracts corresponding pixel data from a frame different to the frame of interest, extracting background pixel data corresponding to the contour region pixel data or the corresponding pixel data, and generating an equation wherein the mixture ratio is an unknown number, based on region specifying information specifying a non-mixed region made up of a foreground region and background region and a mixed region. A least square approximation unit 423 detects the mixture ratio by solving the equation. The present invention can be applied to signals processing devices for processing image signals.

Techniques wherein phenomena in the real world are detected by means of a sensor, and sampled data which is output from the image sensor is processed, are being widely utilized.
For example, with images obtained by a video camera taking a picture of objects which move before predetermined still backgrounds, in the event that movement speed of the objects is relatively high, movement blurring occurs.
However, in the event that objects move in front of still backgrounds, movement blurring occurs not only due to mixture of the moving object images itself, but also due to mixture of the moving object images and the background images. Conventionally, detection of the state of mixture of the background images and the moving object images has not been taken into consideration.

Information processing apparatus and system using pixel data


A preparation of high strength paper by incorporating a polymeric film into the paper web during the paper making process is provided. The polymeric film is either a cold water soluble film or hot water soluble film or water insoluble hydrophilic film or non soluble non hydrophilic film or a combination of cold+hot+cold water soluble film or cold+hot water soluble film or cold+non soluble hydrophilic film or cold+non soluble hydrophilic film+cold water soluble film or cold+non soluble non hydrophilic film or cold+non soluble non hydrophilic film+cold water soluble film or slit strips of one or many of these combinations woven or intertwined offline and incorporated into the paper during the paper making process. Zone coating or discreet printing or zone extrusion striping or formation of hot water soluble film on preformed cold water soluble film which is then inserted into paper during the paper making process, thus using cold water soluble film as a carrier is also provided. The combination of the water soluble film(s) may be plain or wholly or partially perforated.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to high strength paper and to the process manufacturing high strength paper.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Various types of paper, with or without lamination, to achieve enhanced strength, texture, and functionality are known.
For example U.S. Pat. No. 5,993,953 describes a laminated paper, including a water soluble polyvinyl alcohol layer, having selective air permeability and lengthwise softness for application as a cushioning material. The laminated paper comprises a paper base, and water soluble PVA laminated over the entire surface of the paper base, either by using a PVA strain adhesive or by extrusion lamination using a cold water soluble plastic PVA resin.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,958,180 discloses a method of increasing the strength of paper or paperboard product by specially treating the cellulosic fibers to significantly increase their inter fiber bonding strength. The paper made from such fibers exhibits overall improved dimensional stability. Such processes are elaborate and require intricate process steps making them expensive. The use of external adhesive and offline lamination method renders these papers as an expensive proposition.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,786,064 describes an apparatus for producing a breathable high strength paper/plastic film laminate fabric sheeting capable of being cut, sewn to manufacture garments. In this apparatus, a web of metallised paper and a web of oriented synthetic plastic film whose inner surface is corona discharge treated before being coated with a water based adhesive are concurrently fed in superposed relating into combining rolls to effect cold lamination of the webs to yield a laminate sheeting in which the orientation of the film web is unimpaired. The laminate sheeting emerging from the combination rolls is then foraminated to render the sheeting permeable only to moisture vapour, whereby the foraminated sheeting has fabric properties and can be tailored to garments.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,692,211 describes a process for the preparation of high strength cellulosic gel containing kraft paper by mechanically refining kraft papermaking pulp to an appropriate freeness, mixing the resulting refined pulp with hydrated cellulosic gel binder running the resulting fluid into a felted sheet and pressing and drying the sheet to form the kraft paper product.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,694,702 teaches the art of enhancing cross-directional stretch and tensile energy absorption during paper manufacture. An unrestrained drying capability is added to an existing series of rotating drying cylinders in a cost and space efficient manner to achieve the desired result.
It is clear from the existing prior art that the methods for strengthening paper are complex involving the use of selective adhesives, extrusion lamination, fiber strengthening, coating using cold lamination, laminate sheeting followed by its formation, mechanically refining kraft paper pulp followed by mixing of hydrated cellulosic gel binder and enhancing cross directional stretch by unrestrained drying etc.
The long felt need of the paper industry especially involving manufacturing of bank note papers, paper based security products, packaging require non tamperable high strength paper that is capable of being processed by diverse means. None of the methods described in the prior art or in current practice are capable of making paper of the desired strength and security parameters in a simple and cost effective manner.
The present invention has been made from a consideration of the foregoing and seeks to provide a high strength paper and method of manufacturing such paper that overcome or mitigates at least some of the problems of the prior art.

High strength paper and process of manufacture


A lightwave cooking oven method and apparatus are disclosed wherein a thermistor determines an elevation temperature at a given location on the oven where oven secondary heating has a relation to the cooking time of the food and periodically reducing the power to lamps substantially midway during the normal cooking time at the beginning of which the elevated temperature was determined for a given recipe. The power can be reduced by being turned off or lowered.

Lightwave ovens having linear sources of visible and infra-red radiant energy are disclosed and described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,036,179, which is incorporated herein by reference. These ovens provide high-speed, high-quality cooking and baking of food items by impinging high-intensity visible, near-visible, and infrared radiations onto a food item. Lightwave ovens cook the food items within the short periods of time normally found in microwave cooking while maintaining the browning of infrared cooking and the quality of conduction-convection cooking. When food is exposed to a sufficiently intense source of visible, near-visible, and infrared radiation, the food absorbs low levels of visible and near-visible radiation, thereby allowing the energy to penetrate the foodstuff and heat it deeply. The longer infrared radiation does not penetrate deeply but acts as an effective browning agent.
Ordinarily, the source of the visible, near-visible and infrared radiation is one or more quartz-halogen tungsten lamps, or equivalent means such as quartz arc lamps. Typical quartz-halogen lamps of this type convert electrical energy into black body radiation having a range of wavelengths from 0.4 .mu.m to 4.5 .mu.m with a peak intensity at approximately 1 .mu.m at an operating temperature of approximately 2898.degree. K. and a significant portion of the energy, approximately 10.6% in the visible light spectrum 0.39 to 0.77 .mu.m and approximately 7% in the visible light spectrum of 0.4 to 0.7 .mu.m. In the preferred embodiment, the lamps operate at 3000 degrees Kelvin and convert electrical energy into black body radiation having a range of wavelengths from 0.4 .mu.m to 4.5 .mu.m with a peak intensity at 0.965 .mu.m producing approximately 12% of the radiant energy in the visible range 0.39 to 0.77 .mu.m or approximately 8.1% in the visible light spectrum of 0.4 to 0.7 .mu.m of the electromagnetic spectrum. Each lamp can generally provide up to 1.5 to 2 KW of radiant energy with a significant portion of the energy in the visible light spectrum.
The ovens can use a plurality of these lamps or an array of several lamps either operated in unison or selectively operated in varying combinations as necessary for the particular food item sought to be cooked. These radiation sources are ordinarily positioned above and below the food item. The walls of the surrounding food chamber are preferably made from highly reflective surfaces. The visible and infrared waves from the radiation sources impinge directly on the food item and are also reflected off the reflective surfaces and onto the food item from many angles. This reflecting action improves uniformity of cooking.
Ovens of this type preferably include a microprocessor into which cooking times for a variety of dishes and food types may be entered. This allows the user to select the cooking time for a specific dish using controls located on the front panel of the oven. Selecting the cooking program for a specific dish will illuminate the lamps for the cooking time required to cook the specific dish.
Conventional thermal ovens cook food by transferring energy to the food and heating it by a combination of radiation and conduction and convection through the air. It is well known that virtually all conventional thermal ovens require a "preheat" time during which the temperature inside the oven is raised to the desired cooking temperature. During preheating, the air and oven walls inside the oven accumulate and store heat energy. Thus the amount of heat that must be supplied to the oven is reduced during the cooking cycle.
The cooking function in a lightwave oven is not primarily performed by the same means used in a thermal oven. Cooking is instead accomplished by the interaction of the visible light and infrared radiation with the food. In a normal cooking cycle, the food is positioned inside a room-temperature oven. The radiation sources, or lamps, are then illuminated for the duration of the cooking cycle, termed the "normal cooking time", and are immediately turned off at the end of the cooking cycle. If several separate food items are to be cooked, the process is repeated for each food item; the lamps do not remain illuminated between the cooking cycles.
Food items in lightwave ovens are cooked for predetermined periods of time, and cooking times are calculated under the assumption that ovens are initially at room temperature and are programmed into the ovens for various different food items. If several items of food are cooked in sequence, heated air accumulates in the oven and all components of the oven cavity heat up through a combination of thermal radiation and convection and conduction so that heat is transferred to the food over and above what is transferred via the lamps. This source of heating will be termed "oven secondary heating". With each consecutive cooking cycle the required cooking time thus decreases due to the accumulation of heat energy within the oven.
When the cooking cycle is timed using a radiant source oven that is initially at room temperature, the oven normally cooks a 9 inch diameter pizza in 65 seconds. If several pizzas are cooked in rapid sequence, the cooking time decreases to 45 seconds after 2 or 3 pizzas are cooked. If heat accumulation within the oven is not factored into the cooking cycle, the oven will produce pizzas that are burned.
Because the oven's internal parts become heated during cooking, evacuation of heated air cannot fully compensate for the problem of increased oven temperature. A solution is needed whereby adjustment is made for added oven energy and to compensate for an increased oven temperature.

Apparatus and method for regulating cooking time in a lightwave oven


Embodiments are directed to credential management for distributed services. A plurality of mesh agents for an overlay network may be provided such that the overlay network may be employed to provide a secure tunnel between a client and a resource server. If client request that requires user credentials is provided to a mesh agent associated with the resource server, credential instructions may be provided to the mesh agent and the credential instructions may be employed to determine credential information that enables access to the resource server. The mesh agent may be employed to communicate the client request and the credential information to the resource server; determining a response to the client request from the resource server; employing the mesh agent to receive a response to the client request from the resource server and forwarded to the client over the overlay network.

As organizations become increasingly dependent on networked environments, remote services, distributed services, or the like, managing and monitoring infrastructure access in networked environments can become both critically important and more difficult. Difficulties in managing network environments may not be new, however, interconnections among remote offices, data centers, remote employees, remote customers, and so on, have resulted in organizations relying more broadly on heterogeneous distributed networked services, or the like. Also, in some cases, regulatory environment has been adapting to the increase in computer-based services. Accordingly, organizations may be required to comply with regulatory regimes from multiple jurisdictions related to various critical subjects, such as, finance, privacy, employee rights, cross jurisdiction taxation, and so on. The combination of the increase in reliance on distributed and networked services and ongoing changes in regulatory environments has tended to elevate the importance of managing and monitoring infrastructure access in networked environments both for operations as well as compliance with various regulatory regimes. Credential management is an important feature of infrastructure security. In some cases, it may be difficult to provide centralized management of technology infrastructure without enabling centralized access to the services providing infrastructure security management. In some cases, enabling infrastructure security services to directly access or maintain credential information may increase the security risk associated with such services. Thus, it is with respect to these considerations and others that the present invention has been made.

Credential management for distributed services


A method of transmitting digital information over a dispersive optical channel includes encoding the digital information into a series of data blocks, wherein each block comprises a plurality of substantially orthogonal frequency domain subcarriers. Each data block is then divided into at least two frequency bands, each band comprising a plurality of contiguous subcarriers. A frequency/time transformation is then performed, in order to form a corresponding plurality of transformed bands, each transformed band comprising a sequence of time domain data samples. A time delay is applied to at least one of the transformed bands relative to at least one other of the transformed bands. The bands are then combined to produce an electrical signal waveform embodying the digital information. Finally, an optical source is modulated using the electrical signal waveform, to produce a corresponding optical signal for transmission over the dispersive optical channel. The invention enables a reduction in the duration of guard intervals that may need to be inserted into the transmitted data blocks, in order to avoid received signal degradation due to inter-symbol interference caused by dispersion in the optical channel. Transmission overheads may thereby be reduced, resulting in an improvement in transmission efficiency.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a scheme for the transmission of digital data which utilises a large number of closely-spaced orthogonal subcarriers. In particular, digital information is effectively encoded into several parallel data streams, or channels, each of which is allocated to one subcarrier. The information is modulated onto the subcarriers using a conventional modulation scheme, such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) or phase shift keying (PSK), at a symbol rate that is low, relative to the overall data transmission rate. The overall transmission capacity of OFDM systems is generally comparable to conventional single-carrier, or baseband, modulation schemes utilising the same bandwidth. A primary motivation for the use of OFDM in preference to single-carrier, or baseband, transmission is the ease with which channel equalisation may be performed. Equalisation is simplified because OFDM effectively employs many relatively slowly-modulated narrowband signals, rather than one rapidly-varying wideband signal. Furthermore, OFDM systems may be implemented very efficiently by utilising an inverse fast Fourier transform (FFT) at the transmitting end to generate the OFDM signal, and a forward FFT at the receiving end to recover the narrowband subcarrier channels.
OFDM has become particularly popular in wireless communications systems, because the duration of each symbol is relatively long compared to relevant time characteristics of radio channels, such as the differential delays caused by multipath propagation. As a result, OFDM signals suffer less from inter-symbol interference caused by multipath propagation than equivalent single-carrier signals. Indeed, by introducing a guard interval between consecutive OFDM symbols, inter-symbol interference may be eliminated altogether. So long as the duration of each symbol is long, compared with the guard interval, as is the case in typical wireless transmission systems, the resulting decrease in transmission efficiency is negligible.
In OFDM systems employing the FFT algorithm for modulation and demodulation, is advantageous to transmit a so-called "cyclic prefix" during the guard interval. Specifically, the guard interval precedes a corresponding OFDM symbol, and the cyclic prefix consists of a copy of the end portion of the OFDM symbol. This approach ensures that periodicity of the signal input to the FFT in the receiver is maintained, in the presence of inter-symbol interference having a total time spread that is less than the duration of the guard interval and cyclic prefix.
More recently, there has been increasing interest in utilising OFDM and related techniques within optical communications systems. One such approach, which also employs optical single sideband (OSSB) transmission via optical fibre, is disclosed in International Publication No. WO 2007/041799, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. It has been recognised, in particular, that OFDM equalisation techniques may be employed to provide compensation within the electrical domain for the effects of chromatic dispersion occurring during transmission via single-mode optical fibres. Advantageously, electronic dispersion compensation methods enable optical links to be modified, reconfigured and/or upgraded without the need to replace or reconfigure outside plant, such as conventional optical dispersion compensators, eg dispersion-compensating fibre. The modifications necessary in order to compensate for changed dispersion characteristics occur only within the transmitter and/or receiver electronics, and in many cases may be performed without the need to replace hardware, and possibly even in a fully automated and adaptive manner without human intervention. This latter feature is particularly useful in dynamically-reconfigurable optical networks.
However, the deployment of OFDM within optical systems presents new challenges, because the relevant characteristics of typical transmitted optical signals are quite different from those of radio signals, in relation to which OFDM has so far most commonly been employed. In typical wireless systems, an OFDM signal may include on the order of hundreds to thousands of subcarriers, occupying a bandwidth on the order of hundreds of megahertz, with a subcarrier spacing of a few kilohertz, in order to achieve a net bit rate on the order of one to 10 megabits-per-second. In such systems, the symbol length is on the order of tens to hundreds of microseconds. In most applications, guard intervals having a duration of less than 25 percent of the symbol length may be used. Optical transmission systems, on the other hand, are commonly required to operate a bit rate of up to 10 Gbps, and beyond. An optical OFDM system employing hundreds of subcarriers over a bandwidth on the order of 10 gigahertz, has a subcarrier spacing in the range of tens to hundreds of megahertz. The typical symbol length is thus on the order of tens to hundreds of nanoseconds. Accordingly, if the inclusion of guard intervals is not to impact excessively on transmission efficiency, the duration of such intervals must be kept on the order of a few nanoseconds or less. However, since the extent of possible inter-symbol interference, and hence the required guard interval duration, is dependent upon characteristics of the optical channel, the required length of the guard interval may not be within the control of the system designer. Furthermore, a major source of inter-symbol interference in single-mode optical fibre transmission systems is chromatic dispersion, in accordance with which the differential delay experienced across the transmitted signal spectrum generally increases with increasing signal bandwidth. If, at the same time, the number of subcarriers is held constant, the bandwidth of each subcarrier will increase in proportion, and the symbol length will accordingly decrease. The required guard interval will therefore rapidly become comparable to the symbol length.
One solution would be to use a much larger number of subcarriers in optical OFDM systems. However this approach has a number of disadvantages. Firstly, the size of the FFT implementations used in the transmitter and receiver is necessarily equal to the number of subcarriers, and accordingly increasing the number of subcarriers increases the size of the FFTs required. This may be particularly disadvantageous in high-capacity transmission systems, wherein the FFTs are likely to be implemented in hardware, and accordingly the required silicon area, and wiring complexity, may be significantly increased. Additionally, some implementations of optical OFDM transmission utilise coherent receivers to convert the optical signal back into a corresponding electrical signal. Coherent detection is particularly susceptible to laser phase noise when narrowband subcarriers are used, and it is accordingly preferable to use a smaller number of wider-bandwidth subcarriers in such systems. As noted above, this is incompatible with the use of longer symbols in order to reduce the overhead due to required guard intervals.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide methods and apparatus enabling improved efficiency of data transmission in optical OFDM systems, by reducing the duration of guard intervals required relative to the symbol length.

Optical OFDM transmission with improved efficiency


Methods and compositions for making nucleoside phosphoramidites and nucleic acids, including mono-, di-, and polynucleotides, comprising a linker covalently attached to a levulinyl moiety are provided. A levulinyl-protected linking moiety affords an orthogonal approach to modifying a polynucleotide during or after solid phase synthesis with a molecule of interest, for example, a conjugate or a dye.

Labeling of synthetic polynucleotides is typically accomplished by one of two methods. One method consists of using a derivatized solid support, such as controlled pore glass or polystyrene, where a terminal label is attached to the solid support through a covalent linkage. The desired polynucleotide is synthesized off a free hydroxyl group present on the support-bound label, and the labeled polymer is then cleaved from the solid support when a desired length is achieved. Another method requires synthesizing the polynucleotide with a reactive terminal or internal linker, such as an amino or thiol linker, and attaching a label following synthesis employing a reactive derivative such as an active ester, maleimide, or iodoacetamide.
While the above methods can be productively used to produce a variety of labeled polynucleotides, they suffer from several disadvantages. Some useful labels are not stable when repeatedly exposed to the conditions required for polynucleotide synthesis, thereby limiting the number of support-bound species that can be utilized for labeling. Use of reactive terminal linkers requires a multi-step conjugation chemistry employing an excess of (often very expensive) label and requires at least one purification step to isolate the labeled biopolymer from excess of reactants. This method is often very inefficient due to competing side-reactions that cause breakdown of the reactive dye, and to the poor solubility of many dye derivatives in aqueous solution. Additionally, linker-modified supports for introducing reactive functionalities onto the 3′-terminus of a polynucleotide often result in low yield and poor quality of the cleaved polynucleotide, further exacerbating the inefficiency of this approach.
Thus, there is a need in the art for methods and compositions for making phosphoramidites and supports that bear protected linking groups; wherein the protected linking group chemistry is compatible with, or orthogonal to, other protecting groups commonly employed in nucleic acid synthesis. Such phosphoramidites and supports provide one or more unique reactive sites on the polynucleotide that enable automated labeling of the polynucleotide following chain assembly.

Polynucleotide synthesis labeling chemistry


A tool adapted to be coupled to a power drill includes a multi-component bit mounted to reverse positions so that in one position its drill element drills a hole and in another position its driver element drives in a fastener.

In the construction and renovation of commercial and residential buildings as well as in various manufacturing operations, it is often necessary to perform repeated drilling and driving operations. For example, a hole is drilled into a wall or ceiling surface and then a screw or similar fastener is driven into the drilled hole. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,512,693 and 4,676,703 are illustrative of tools that can be attached to a power drill to allow this drill to both drill a hole and drive in a screw or other type of fastener.


Systems and methods for generating visual words define initial inter-visual word relationships between a plurality of visual words; define visual word-image relationships between the plurality of visual words and a plurality of images; define inter-image relationships between the plurality of images; generate revised inter-visual word relationships in a vector space based on the initial inter-visual word relationships, the inter-image relationships, and the visual word-image relationships; and generate higher-level visual words in the vector space based on the revised inter-visual word relationships.

1. Field
The present disclosure generally relates to forming relationships between image features.
2. Background
Various methods exist for extracting features from images. Examples of feature detection algorithms include scale-invariant feature transform ("SIFT"), difference of Gaussians, maximally stable extremal regions histogram of oriented gradients, gradient location and orientation histogram, smallest univalue segment assimilating nucleus, and speeded-up robust features. Also, multiple features are sometimes used to recognize objects in images. Additionally, an image may be associated with one or more labels, for example tags that are applied by a user.


The invention relates to a mobile concrete pump provided with a chassis, a concrete distribution boom arranged on the chassis, and a boom support unit whereon the folded distribution boom can be supported in the transport position. According to the invention, the boom support unit comprises a housing part which extends above the chassis, is accessible from the outside via closeable openings and comprises at least one support block for the distribution boom which support block is arranged on the top side thereof. The boom support unit can be provided with a switch element which can be actuated by the lying thereupon of the distribution boom, releasing the actuation of the support struts of the mobile concrete pump.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention concerns a mobile concrete pump, with a chassis supportable upon a substrate via support outriggers, with a thick matter pump provided on the chassis, with a concrete distribution boom rotatably mounted to a boom block and supportable in the folded transport position on a chassis-fixed boom support unit, and a conveying conduit connected to the pressure side of the concrete pump and running along the distribution boom. The invention further concerns a boom support unit for a mobile concrete pump of the above described type.
2. Description of Related Art
Known mobile concrete pumps of this type include a distribution boom in the form of an articulated boom, of which the boom arms in the operating position are pivotable relative to each other about horizontal articulation axis and pivotable relative to a rotation block. In the transport position the boom arms are folded against each other forming an arm packet and supported on a boom support unit provided in the rearward area of the vehicle chassis. In these known mobile concrete pumps the boom support unit is in the form of a support block, which projects upwards above the platform of the mobile concrete pump fixed to the chassis. There it takes up a certain amount of space, which space might have been suitable for the incorporation of other functional elements of the mobile concrete pump, such as hydraulic pump controls or a water tank. In any case, the boom support unit frequently blocks access to this type of functional element if it were in this space.

Automatic concrete pump comprising a mast support unit for a distribution mast, which is fixed to the chassis


A magnet rotor assembly is provided with a nonmagnetic ring, which can be made of an elastomeric material, which has at least one locating protrusion extending radially outward from a first surface of the ring. It also comprises at least one locking protrusion extending radially outward from the second surface of the ring. A plurality of permanent magnets are embedded within the nonmagnetic ring and spaced circumferentially around the nonmagnetic ring. The ring is shaped to be received within a rotatable component of an internal combustion engine, such as a flywheel, which has an internal cylindrical surface. The locking protrusions of the ring are shaped to elastically deflect in a radially inward direction in response to contact between the locking protrusions and the internal cylindrical surface of the rotatable component when the nonmagnetic ring is forced axially into the rotatable component. The locking protrusions then elastically rebound in a radially outward direction to move into a groove which is formed in the internal cylindrical surface only after the locating protrusions move axially into notches formed in the rotatable component.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is generally related to a magnet rotor assembly that is used in conjunction with a flywheel to generate electrical current for use by an internal combustion engine and, more particularly, to a magnet rotor assembly in which the individual permanent magnets are solidly embedded within a non magnetic ring which is shaped to be permanently received within a flywheel of an internal combustion engine.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Many different types of electrical generators are known for use with internal combustion engines to provide electrical current for use by the internal combustion engine, primarily in its battery charging and ignition circuits. These electrical generating systems typically use a plurality of permanent magnets in conjunction with a rotatable flywheel of the internal combustion engine to induce current flow through a plurality of windings disposed proximate the circular paths of the permanent magnets. These electrical generating systems are made by numerous different processes and are of various different shapes and configurations.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,241,620, which issued to Pichl et al on Dec. 30, 1980, describes a balance wheel for rotating machines, especially combustion engines, including outboard motors. Typically, such balance wheels or flywheels have been manufactured from different non-ferrous metals as zinc or aluminum alloys, and in one embodiment they have the shape of an inverted pot having low side walls. On the inner side of the walls balance wheel magnets, such as permanent magnets for the ignition or generator system of the motor, are attached and the other elements of the ignition or generator systems are disposed outwardly around the output shaft of the engine and inside the pot. However, for obtaining a suitable magnetic field, the permanent magnets are not attached directly to the balance wheel of a non-magnetic material, but on a ring of magnetic material, for instance steel, which in its turn is attached to the balance wheel.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,423,345, which issued to Nilsson on Dec. 27, 1983, discloses a magneto flywheel assembly which includes arcuate ceramic magnets of non-uniform radial thickness. A rotor for the flywheel is made of soft material. The magnets of the magneto flywheel have a set of radial poles of alternating polarity, and another set of opposite poles directed towards the cylindrical periphery of the magneto rotor. A ferromagnetic band of deflectible material with the surface projection is disposed between the rotor and the magnets.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,015,901, which issued to Phelon et al on May 14, 1991, describes a rotor of a magnetmotive device. It has a discreet permanent magnet and a ferromagnetic core injection molded within a synthetic plastic body in the form of a flywheel. The core is of integral laminar construction and includes hub and counterweight portions and a pair of radially extending, circumferentially spaced arm portions. At their outer ends, the arm portions terminate in pole shoes with opposed, undercut edges to retain the discrete permanent magnet therebetween. Each of the arm portions has a laterally extending shoulder portion and, at their inner ends, connect to the hub by narrow neck or stem portions which are resiliently flexible. From the center of rotation of the rotor, the stem portions are each disposed along a given radius. Each of the arm portions of the core is characterized by a configuration and distribution of mass so that its center of gravity is located outward of the given radius whereby centrifugal force generated by high speed rotation of the rotor exerts opposing, inwardly directed forces on the arm portions for clamping the magnet therebetween.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,980,592, which issued to Olmr et al on Dec. 25, 1990, discloses a flywheel magnet rotor assembly. The assembly comprises a core, a magnet, two pole shoes and a molded resin disk. The core is comprised of metallic nonferromagnetic material forming a general can shape with apertures through a first wall. The magnet is sandwiched between the pole shoes inside the can shape and portions of the pole shoes extend out of the apertures. The molded resin disk substantially surrounds the core.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,916,343, which issued to Umemoto et al on Apr. 10, 1990, discloses a multi-pickup sensor bracket for a magneto. An engine igniting signal generation apparatus comprises a flywheel rotatable with the crank shaft of an internal combustion engine, a field magnet attached to the flywheel, and a plurality of pickup devices provided facing the field magnet to produce ignition signals in synchronism with the rotation of the flywheel. The cores of the pickup devices are formed by a substrate body of one piece; each coil wound around the cores connects to a terminal, to output the ignition signals, and is covered with an insulating material.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,433,473, which issued to Benedetti on Feb. 28, 1984, describes a process for manufacturing a flywheel magneto. The method is disclosed for manufacturing a flywheel magneto of the radial magnetic flux type for motor bicycles, motor scooters and the like, which comprises the steps of forming a subassembly comprised of a ring, the magnets, the pole shoes by scotching the ring on a plurality of wedges placed around a cylindrical body whereafter the pole shoes and an inner ring of a metallic nonmagnetic material are positioned and a punch rams all these component parts forcibly together. Finally, the subassembly so composed is surrounded by a casting of the nonmagnetic material.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,295,070, which issued to Johansson on Oct. 13, 1981, discloses a means for providing a mechanically definable selected trigger interval in a flywheel magneto. The ignition apparatus for internal combustion engines provided with flywheel magnetos, the ignition spark interval is purely mechanically provided at the manufacturing stage. In the direction of rotation, the edges of both pole shoes and core legs which meet each other are sharply defined. The pole shoe, first in the direction of rotation, is formed so that it substantially coacts with the leg, second in the direction of rotation, when the leading edge of the second pole shoe comes into coaction with the front edge of the leg situated first.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,877,986, which issued to Shimizu on Oct. 31, 1989, describes a rotor of a magnetic generator. The rotor has a plurality of permanent magnets disposed on an inner surface of a peripheral wall of a bowl-shaped flywheel. The permanent magnets are held in place by a magnet holding cylinder having plural outward protrusions formed in a radial direction at a first open end and an outward flange formed on a second open end thereof. Resin is provided to fill empty spaces of this assembly so that the magnets, the magnet holding cylinder and the flywheel are made of an integral piece thereof.
It would be beneficial if a magnet wheel could be provided which firmly holds the magneto in place and is easy to accurately position the magneto in their proper locations.

Magnet ring assembly for an electrical generator