A back support has front, rear, bottom, top and side edges. A box has a rear face formed coextensive with the back support, a front face, a bottom face, and side faces. A rectilinear chamber is formed by the front, rear, bottom and side faces of the box and has an open top for receiving and supporting medication containers on the bottom face of the box for easy access and removal. The chamber is formed with vertically oriented recesses on the front and rear faces of the box. A plurality of rectangular divider panels with edges removably received within the recesses divide the chamber into sections adapted to separate the containers received and supported in the chamber. The panels are repositionable as a function of the size and number of the containers within the chamber.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a medication caddy system and more particularly pertains to receiving and storing medication containers in a safe, convenient and economical manner and for displaying the containers for easy identification and transportation purposes.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of medication caddies of known designs and configurations is known in the prior art. More specifically, medication caddies of known designs and configurations previously devised and utilized for the purpose of storing medications are known to consist basically of familiar, expected, and obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art which has been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements.
While these devices fulfill their respective, particular objectives and requirements, they do not describe a medication caddy system that allows receiving and storing medication containers in a safe, convenient and economical manner and displaying the containers for easy identification and transportation purposes.
In this respect, the medication caddy system according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in doing so provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of receiving and storing medication containers in a safe, convenient and economical manner and for displaying the containers for easy identification and transportation purposes.
Therefore, it can be appreciated that there exists a continuing need for a new and improved medication caddy system which can be used for receiving and storing medication containers in a safe, convenient and economical manner and for displaying the containers for easy identification and transportation purposes. In this regard, the present invention substantially fulfills this need.


A spill-proof covered drinking container has an annular protruding drinking spout that provides a relatively large number of separate drinking ports around the spout circumference. An annular suction-responsive valve means is located within the drinking spout for controlling outflow of liquid through the drinking ports, such that liquid flow is confined to the port, or ports, in physical contact with the user's mouth. The user can drink from any point around the spout circumference.

This invention relates to a spill-proof drinking container, and particularly to a covered spill-proof container wherein the person's mouth can be applied to any point around the circumference of the container cover.
My issued U.S. Pat. No. 5,079,013 discloses a dripless covered container having a drinking spout that contains a liquid outlet control valve. The control valve automatically closes when the container is overturned or otherwise tips over. When a person's mouth exerts a suction force to the drinking spout the control valve automatically opens to enable the person to withdraw liquid from the container. The person can drink from the covered container in various tilted positions of the container as long as the control valve is in contact with the liquid.
The dripless covered container shown in my issued U.S. Pat. No. 5,079,013 has a drinking spout offset from the container cover central axis. The person using the container is required to hold the container in a position wherein the spout is generally below the level of the liquid in the container. When the container is in a near-empty condition the container has to be tilted downwardly so that the spout is pointed in a downward direction, as shown in FIG. 2 of the patent drawing; otherwise the control valve will not be in contact with the container liquid.
The present invention is concerned with a covered dripless container that can be held in a range of different positions, while still permitting the person to consume liquid from the container. The container has an annular drinking spout having plural drinking ports spaced around the periphery of the container cover, whereby the person can apply his/her mouth to any point along the drinking spout.
The invention enables the person to grip the container at any point on the container side wall; it is not necessary to orient the hand grip in any special relationship to the drinking spout. All that is required is to lift the container to one's mouth and tilt the container sufficiently to cause the container liquid to flow into the area of the annular drinking spout in contact with the mouth. Drinking ports in contact with the person's mouth convey the liquid from the container into the person's mouth.
The covered container can be used as a dripless training cup by infants or young children. However, the container has other uses, e.g. as a container for coffee, soft drinks or other beverages that one might wish to consume while in a moving truck, automobile, or mobile home, where a conventional drinking container might tend to spill or overflow. Invalid persons, or persons not having complete control of their hands or mouth areas, would find the container of the present invention especially useful, due to its spill-proof character and its relatively easy method of use.
The invention contemplates a dripless covered container having an annular drinking spout that allows the user to drink from any circumferential location on the spout. Evenly-spaced drinking ports along the spout facilitate the desired drinking procedure. The container cover is preferably a molded component formed out of any suitable plastic material, e.g. a polyolefin. An annular suction-responsive control valve within the annular drinking spout can be molded, or otherwise formed, out of various elastomers, e.g. silicone rubber.
The annular suction-responsive control valve within the drinking spout preferably comprises an elastomeric molded ring structure having a hollow "V"-shaped cross-section. This annular valve ring is provided with a series of evenly spaced circumferential slits formed in the apex surface of the "V"-shaped elastomeric wall structure so as to be aligned with the drinking ports in the associated drinking spout; the walls of the "V"-shaped wall structure are flexible so as to be responsive to vacuum forces. The annular drinking spout has a number of internal partitions interposed between the various drinking ports so as to form a number of separate internal vacuum chambers, one chamber for each drinking port.
These internal partitions abut the apex area of the elastomeric "V"-shaped wall structure, such that each slit in the apex area of the elastomeric wall is potentially exposed to a vacuum force generated by the person's mouth on the aligned area of the annular drinking spout. The aforementioned partitions form individual vacuum chambers between individual drinking ports and individual aligned slits in the elastomeric valve ring, whereby the vacuum force is directed or localized to a particular slit. Any slit exposed to the vacuum force will be opened for transporting liquid from the container through the aligned drinking port in the annular drinking spout into the person's mouth.
Typically, the annular drinking spout will comprise a hollow "V" cross-sectioned wall structure having two convergent annular walls and a bridging wall at the point of convergence of the convergent walls. The drinking ports will be located on a circumferential line running along the bridging wall. Typically, there will be approximately sixteen to twenty drinking ports evenly spaced along the circumferential dimension of the bridging wall. Each drinking port can be a small rectangular hole having a length cross-sectional dimension of about 0.20 inch, and a width cross-sectional dimension of about 0.02 inch. The port cross-sectional dimension is small enough so as to achieve a pressure differential across the individual port.
The pressure differential achieved across the individual drinking port is designed to minimize drippage out of the drinking spout when the person ceases to exert a suction force on any one of the drinking ports. Residual liquid in any one of the vacuum chambers in the drinking spout tends to remain in the chamber, rather than leaking out through the drinking port.
The invention provides an improved covered dripless drinking container that can be readily and conveniently used in various attitudes or positions. The person can grip the container in one hand and put the container up to his mouth so that any point on the annular drinking spout is engaged with the mouth. The user can withdraw liquid from the container at any point along the annular drinking spout.
Specific advantages and features of the invention will be apparent from the attached drawings and description of an illustrative embodiment of the invention.


A hard-shelled backpack that consists of opposing outer doors, removable interlocking compartments, detachable outer pockets, dual purpose shoulder straps, a multipurpose frame, and dual purpose cargo bags, as-well-as a unique hip suspension device that allows the wearer to adjust and alter the weight of the backpack in reference to the body. This device changes the position of the backpack in reference to the body through an articulating ratchet device that subsequently changes the physical work that a given muscle group performs on any given terrain. The device is controlled by a dial directly behind the waistline of the wearer and is adjustable to the desires of the individual. The outer doors open in an opposing manner in relation to each other. This function allows access to all equipment contained therein. The interlocking compartments are easily removed to allow access to less used equipment. The outer pockets of this backpack once detached from the bulk of the pack may be combined to form a bag designed for the storage of food while camping. Both shoulder straps are detachable and then unfold for an alternate use. One as a water reservoir and the other as a fanny pack; both may be used on day hikes. The frame of the pack is removable and then may be unfolded to reveal a device designed to be sat upon such as a chair. This device may also be used as a toilet with a disposable plastic trash bag. Two cargo bags, one for the storage of a sleeping bag and the other for storage of clothes on the pack during transport; once emptied maybe unzipped to reveal an alternate bag built inside the liner of the first, designed specifically to hold water, that provides a heated shower system when combined or used with other components.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to backpacks, and more specifically to a hard shell backpack that includes a chair that can also be used as a toilet and includes a water heating system that provides a heated shower that is adjustable in temperature containing both hot and cold attributes.
2. Prior Art
Most backpacks are made of some kind of material such as cloth with a frame consisting of either aluminum or a light steel with few exceptions. Some offer some kind of sitting device as seen in U.S. Pat. No. 4,530,451 wherein a storage bag is attached to a foldable chair frame and to U.S. Pat. No. 5,016,792 wherein the frame of the pack converts to a beach type chair. U.S. Pat. No. 4,487,345 shows a typical wooden chair with a container attached to its backside. U.S. Pat. No. 3,307,758 shows a bag and backrest that includes ropes to hold the seat and back together. U.S. Pat. No. 3,662,932 shows a box like pack that converts to a stool. The frame must be unscrewed from the pack and then reattached to form the legs of the stool. U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,739 shows a frame set up which when collapsed may act as a backpack and when unfolded makes a chair with a bag hanging from the side rails of the pack. U.S. Pat. No. 4,582,165 shows a frame of a backpack that once the pack is removed from the frame the seat can be attached to a tree for support. U.K. Pat. 2,023,412 shows a rigid shell backpack that can be set upon.
Swiss Patent 182,847 shows a backpack with multiple compartments. WIPO Patent 094019985 shows a backpack that has multiple compartments that can be removed from the hard frame of the pack. German Patent 248098 shows a backpack that also has multiple compartments based on a flat rigid back.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,119 shows a backpack that has hinges on the top and sides of the pack to allow access to the inside of the pack.
Although these packs conform in to some kind of sitting device through various means all differ from the present invention. None of these have the present configuration that may be used as a toilet nor do they have a heated shower. It is the intention of this invention to be more elegant, more comfortable and more luxurious than known in the prior art.


Disclosed is provided a method of injecting and reacting super-critical phase CO2 without pressure loss. The method includes preparing gas phase CO2, producing liquid phase CO2 by pressurizing the prepared gas phase CO2, producing super-critical phase CO2 by adjusting a temperature of the produced liquid phase CO2, filling incompressible fluid in a reactor and an injection line from an injection unit and pressurizing the incompressible fluid, injecting the produced super-critical phase CO2 into the reactor, and controlling a pressure of the injected super-critical phase CO2 by a pressure regulating unit.

1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of injecting and reacting super-critical phase carbon dioxide (CO2), and more particularly to a method of continuously maintaining the pressure of super-critical phase CO2 so that the pressure of the super-critical phase CO2 is not lost, that is, the super-critical phase of the super-critical phase CO2 is not broken when a sample reacts with the super-critical phase CO2 by injecting the super-critical phase CO2 into a reactor during a reaction test of the sample based on the super-critical phase CO2.
2) Background of Related Art
Super-critical phase carbon dioxide (CO2) has been usefully used for various purposes.
Hereinafter, the super-critical phase CO2 will be described. A super-critical phase of CO2 refers to a fluid state of CO2 representing both characteristics of liquid and gas phases at a critical point which represents a pressure is 73.8 bar and temperature is 31.1° C. or more.
In this case, the super-critical phase CO2 fluid has the permeability of gas and the high density of liquid to represent advantages of both the gas and the liquid.
In addition, if CO2 becomes the super-critical phase CO2, the surface tension hardly exists. Accordingly, the super-critical phase CO2 may permeate a long narrow gap that liquid cannot permeate. In addition, since the super-critical phase CO2 exists in a high density state that is impossible to gas, the solubility of various materials may be increased.
Since the super-critical phase CO2 has unique physical and chemical properties as described above, various reaction devices have been designed based on the reactivity of the super-critical phase CO2.
In particular, in order to reduce CO2 serving as the main culprit of greenhouse gas from the air, the CO2 has been produced in a super-critical phase and injected into an underground or undersea sedimentary layer. Therefore, devices for injecting and reacting the super-critical phase CO2 have been designed in order to simulate the reaction mechanism of the super-critical phase CO2 in the sedimentary layer.
However, the device for injecting and reacting the super-critical phase CO2 according to the related art simply directly injects the super-critical phase CO2 produced from a booster pump into a reactor.
Accordingly, when the super-critical phase CO2 produced from the booster pump is injected into the reactor through a tube, pressure loss occurs in the tube, so that the super-critical phase CO2 is adiabatic-expanded in the tube, which causes the temperature and pressure of the super-critical phase CO2 to be lowered.
As described above, the super-critical phase CO2 may exist in a state of a super-critical fluid having both of liquid and gas characteristics at a critical point, that is, at the pressure of 73.8 bars and the temperature of 31.1° C. or more. However, the critical point cannot be maintained due to the adiabatic expansion, so that the phase of the super-critical phase CO2 is changed. Accordingly, undesirable reaction may be caused in a reaction experiment of the sample in the reactor.
As a related art, there is Korean Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-2000-0019837 (published on Apr. 15, 2000) titled "The cement lining manufacturing device within the drum using the supercritical carbon dioxide").

Method of injecting and reacting super-critical phase carbon dioxide without pressure loss

Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources


Disclosed is a system and method for providing an oscillating signal of relatively precise frequency without using a signal provided by a crystal as a reference. Disclosed is a feedback oscillator circuit configured to output an oscillating signal having a frequency defined by a reference signal. The oscillating signal can be sent to one or more circuits including at least one frequency sensitive element. The frequency sensitive element produces an output signal which depends on the frequency of the oscillating signal. A controller controls the reference signal in order to cause an attribute of the output signal to have a value within a desired range.

Oscillating signals are widely used in electronics. Examples of their use include providing clock signals, or providing carrier signals which can later be modified to include information. For example, an oscillating signal can be used to drive a row in a capacitive touch sensor panel. Changes to the sensed signal indicate a touch event at the panel.
There are various known ways to create an oscillating signal. For example, persons of skill in the art would recognize that a simple circuit including an inductor and a capacitor would create such a signal. However, most circuit based oscillators suffer from the fact that they do not provide a signal with a precise and predictable frequency and phase.
Therefore, many electronic devices use crystals to provide an oscillating signal. Crystals are known to provide signals of more precise frequencies. Since it may desirable to generate a wide range of frequencies in a higher frequency band, the crystal may serve as a frequency reference for a frequency multiplier whose output provides a stable frequency which accurately tracks the crystal frequency and can be a multiple of the crystal frequency, the same or lower frequency Such circuit is referred to as a Phase Locked Loop, or PLL. Using a PLL to generate higher frequencies has the benefit of generating accurate and higher frequencies from a crystal based reference clock that's much lower in frequency, potentially easing the requirement on the type of crystal used and lowering power consumption (usually crystals are not offered beyond 100 Mhz and usually, the power consumption of the crystal oscillator scales it's frequency. Therefore, it is desirable to keep the crystal oscillator frequency as low as possible.)
However, the use of crystals adds significant costs to the system not only because of the crystal itself but also because of associated support circuitry and PCB space, which is usually very limited in some devices such as, for example, small hand held products.


In a method for assigning test numbers, current testflow context information is maintained during the execution of a testflow. If one or more test number factors have been specified for one or more levels of the current testflow context, the test number factors are used to determine a base number for a current test number range. Otherwise, the base number is set to a default base number. Upon execution of a subtest in the testflow, a result of the subtest is assigned a next test number in the current test number range. The following items are then associated in a test number database: 1) an identifier of the subtest, 2) the current testflow context information, 3) the test number, and 4) the base number. When stored in the database, the base number serves as a specification number for its corresponding test number. Also disclosed are other methods and apparatus that use contextual test number factors to assign test numbers.

Some forms of circuit test provide an engineer with large volumes of test results. To assist the engineer in managing and referring to these test results, each test result may be associated with a test number.
The United States patent application of Robert S. Kolman, et al. entitled "Method and Apparatus that use Contextual Test Number Factors to Assign Test Numbers" (Ser. No. 10/839,824, filed the same day as this application) discloses a method for assigning test numbers wherein current test flow context information is maintained during the execution of a test flow. If one or more test number factors have been specified for one or more levels of the current testflow context, the test number factors are used to determine a base number for a current test number range. Otherwise, the base number is set to a default base number. Upon execution of a subtest in the testflow, the result of the subtest is then assigned a next test number in the current test number range.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Methods and apparatus that use contextual test number factors to assign test numbers


An improved cross-coupled CMOS high-voltage latch that is used for storing data bits to be written to memory cells of a non-volatile memory is provided with a switching circuit that, during writing of data bits into the memory cells of the latch, provides a high series impedance between one leg of the latch and ground to limit leakage current. A large number of latches are connected in parallel and their accumulated leakage currents are limited by the switching circuit to prevent overload of a high-voltage generator, such as a charge pump circuit, for the high-voltage latch, so that data can be properly written in the memory cells of the non-volatile memory.

A latch is used to store data bits to be written into pre-selected memory cells of a non-volatile memory. Except when data bits are being written into the memory cells, the latch is normally supplied with a low-voltage power supply, such as, for example, 3 volts or less. During a write mode of operation, the latch is supplied with a high voltage of 7-15 volts, as required for writing data into the non-volatile memory cells. A single non-volatile memory chip may contain a large number, for example, 512 or more high-voltage latch circuits. These latch circuits are typically called high-voltage latch circuits, although a high voltage supply is only required for write operations. An on-chip high-voltage supply or generator, such as a charge pump circuit, provides the high-voltage for writing the data bits into the memory cells. The high-voltage generator typically has limited current capability and excessive leakage currents in the some of the high-voltage latches may load down the generator so much as to cause the high-voltage level to be less than what is required for proper writing of data bits into the memory cells of the non-volatile memory.
FIG. 1 illustrates a typical cross-coupled high-voltage latch circuit 10 that includes a first CMOS inverter circuit 12 and a second CMOS inverter circuit 14. The first CMOS inverter circuit 12 includes a first pull-up PMOS transistor 16 that has a drain connected to a HV node 18 and a source connected to a latch input node A. The first CMOS inverter circuit 12 also includes a first pull-down NMOS transistor 20 that has a drain connected to the latch input node A and a source connected to ground. The gates of the first pull-up PMOS transistor 16 and the pull-down NMOS transistor 20 are connected together. Note that the HV node 18 is supplied with low voltage except when a write mode of operation occurs.
The second CMOS inverter circuit 14 includes a second pull-up PMOS transistor 22 that has a drain connected to the HV node 18 and a source connected to a data storage output node B. The second CMOS inverter circuit 14 also includes a second pull-down NMOS transistor 24 that has a drain connected to the data storage output terminal B and a source connected to ground. The gates of the second pull-up PMOS transistor 22 and the second pull-down NMOS transistor 24 are connected together.
To enable operation of the high-voltage latch circuit 10 with a normal low VDD voltage being supplied at the HV node 18, the second pull-down NMOS transistor 24 is a low-threshold voltage Vt, high-voltage NMOS transistor, which tends to have a high leakage current at high write voltages because of its susceptibility to punch through at high voltages. Thus, a leakage path is provided from the HV node 18 to ground through a leaky second pull-down NMOS transistor 24 with a low threshold voltage, Vt.
The latch input node A is connected through a load input NMOS transistor 26 to a DATA In terminal 28. A LOAD signal is provided at a gate terminal 30 of the load input NMOS transistor 26 to load a data bit at the DATA IN terminal 28 into the latch input node A.
When the non-volatile chip is not being used in a high-voltage write mode of operation, a Vdd logic-circuit power supply voltage of 3 volts, for example, is provided to the HV node 18 to power the two inverters 12, 14 forming the high-voltage latch 10. When the non-volatile chip is actually being used in a high-voltage write mode of operation, a suitable high-voltage power supply of, for example, 7-15 volts is provided to the HV node 18 to power the two inverters 12, 14 forming the high-voltage latch. The high-voltage is supplied from a high-voltage generation circuit, such as, for example, a charge-pump circuit that is provided on the chip.
In order to provide for proper switching operation of the latch with a low Vdd logic-circuit supply voltage, such as, for example, 3 volts or less, the NMOS transistor 24 is a high-voltage, low Vt devices. The NMOS transistor 24 needs to be a low threshold device because loading a HIGH, or "1", signal to the latch input node A is difficult due to the Vt voltage drop across the load input NMOS transistor 26.
When the chip is in a high-voltage write mode of operation with the HV terminal at 7-15 volts and when the data storage output node B is at a "1" logic level, the high-voltage pull-up PMOS transistor 22 is turned on and the high-voltage pull-down, low-threshold voltage NMOS transistor 24 is turned off. This essentially places almost all of the 7-15 volts from the HV terminal 18 across the low-threshold NMOS transistor. If the high-voltage pull-down NMOS transistor 24 is leaky because of the presence of a punch through path in it, a leakage path goes from the high voltage at the data storage output node B to ground through the leaky pull-down low-threshold NMOS transistor 24.
A non-volatile memory chip has 512 or more high-voltage latches like the typical high-voltage latch circuit 10, some or all of which may be leaky with a high voltage at their HV terminals. Excessive leakage currents taken from the on-chip high voltage generation circuit, such as, for example, an on-chip charge pump, that supplies a nominal 15 volts, may cause the voltage at the HV terminal 18 to be pulled down to, say, 12 volts. The reduced high voltage at the HV terminal 18 may cause malfunctions in a memory write function.
FIG. 2 is a timing diagram that illustrates operation of the typical high-voltage latch circuit 10 of FIG. 1, where offset voltage drops are ignored. A LOAD signal is initially applied at a low level to the gate terminal 30 of the load input NMOS transistor 26 to keep the load input NMOS transistor 26 off. When the LOAD signal is raised to Vdd, the load input NMOS transistor 26 is turned on to provide a logic level DATA IN signal to the latch input node A. After the LOAD signal goes high to the Vdd level, the voltage on the latch input node A is at a low level and the voltage on the data storage output node B goes to Vdd. Subsequently, a HV_ENABLE control signal goes high to apply the high voltage HV from a high voltage generation circuit to the HV node 18. The second pull-up PMOS transistor 22 is turned on so that the voltage at the data storage output node B is at essentially the same voltage as the HV node 18. The HV voltage at the HV node 18 is initially at a Vdd level 32. After the HV_ENABLE control voltage goes high to connect the high voltage generation circuit to the HV node 18, the HV voltage at node 18 rises as indicated by the segment 34 to a HV(Actual) level 36 that is less than the full HV(Target) level 38 because of the leakage current that the high voltage generation circuit must provide to the leaky pull-down NMOS transistor 24. The full HV(Target) level 38 is, for example, 15 volts while the HV(Actual) level 36 is, for example, 12 volts due to leakage in various high voltage latch circuits.
Various possible remedies for reducing the effect of leakage through the pull-down NMOS transistor 24 have some disadvantages. Changing process parameters for fabrication of the pull-down NMOS transistor 24 may reduce leakage; but this can cause its threshold voltage Vt to increase and adversely affect low-voltage operation.
To decrease leakage current, the resistance of the pull-down NMOS transistor 24 can be increased by increasing the gate length L of the pull-down NMOS transistor; but this takes more area on the chip and increases the size of the chip. The current output, or strength, of the HV generation circuit can be increased; but this may require a larger pump circuit, which takes more area on the chip and increases the size of the chip. Increasing the strength of the HV generation circuit may also require a higher clock frequency to provide a greater write current.

Method and apparatus to prevent high voltage supply degradation for high-voltage latches of a non-volatile memory


A system and method for automatically turning the pages of an open book (80) without user intervention for the purposes of digital imaging or viewing. One embodiment of the system includes a rotating platform (15) for mounting the open book (80), a page lifter (51), a transparent stationary hood (62), and a camera (201). As the platform (15) rotates, the page lifter (51) is dropped onto the uppermost page on the leading side of the book (80). The uppermost page is held fast and lifted up by the page lifter (51). The platform (15) continues to rotate, peeling the uppermost page free from the page lifter (51) and eventually trapping the book completely under the hood (62) which holds the book (80) open and keeps the uppermost pages visible. The platform (15) rotation is paused momentarily to allow for image capture by a camera (201) viewing the open book (80) through the hood (62). Other embodiments are described and shown.

The following is a tabulation of some prior art that presently appears relevant:
U.S. patentsPat. No.Kind CodeIssue DatePatentee3,484,970ADec. 23, 1969Berlinsky3,550,296ADec. 29, 1970Castagna3,800,453AApr. 2, 1974Kroes3,939,587AFeb. 24, 1976Weststrom4,031,644AJun. 28, 1977Rogers4,102,071AJul. 25, 1978D'Arcy4,567,528AJan. 28, 1986Wilman et al.4,663,873AMay 12, 1987Shinbrot4,673,286AJun. 16, 1987Shinbrot4,870,258ASep. 26, 1989Mochizuki et al.4,916,839AApr. 17, 1990Nakanishi4,942,482AJul. 17, 1990Kakinuma et al.5,471,277ANov. 28, 1995Fujioka at al.5,612,791AMar. 18, 1997Turner et al.5,640,252AJun. 17, 1997Turner at al.5,760,925AJun. 2, 1998Saund et al.8,017,848B2Sep. 13, 2011Manera
Foreign patent DocumentsForeign Doc. No.CountryKind CodePub. DatePatenteeEP 1438835European B2Jul. 21, 2004Mandel et al.UnionCN101854460 BChinaBMay 15, 2013Peng Xuan
Many public and private institutions have a need to digitize their large collections of books and bound documents. Digitizing such documents would reduce the cost of providing and maintaining physical storage space required for the documents and would allow the document contents to be made widely available over computer networks. Traditional digitization of books using a standard flatbed scanner requires manual intervention for turning individual pages during the digitization process. Manually turning the pages and scanning each page of a book is labor intensive and time-consuming.
Accordingly, there is a need for a system capable of reliably converting large numbers of bound document pages into digital files. Various devices and systems exist but they are generally mechanically complex and costly. Various devices for automatically turning the pages of a book are known in the art. U.S. Pat. No. 3,484,970 to Berlinsky et al. (1969) shows an automatic sheet turner using a rotating vacuum head. U.S. Pat. No. 3,550,296 to Castagna (1970) shows a page turning device using pivoted suction arms. U.S. Pat. No. 4,916,839 to Nakanishi (1990) shows a page turning method and apparatus using a friction member to buckle an uppermost page. European Patent No. EP 1 438 835 B2 to Mandel et al. (2002) shows a book page turning system including a system for flattening and holding the pages of the open book. Chinese Patent No. CN101854460 B to Peng Xuan (2013) shows a dual book scanning system using a rotating glass sheet and four elevator platforms which press the books against the glass sheet.
The aforementioned devices and systems are generally mechanically complex and expensive. There is a need for an affordable solution which can be purchased by smaller institutions or individuals, such as researchers.

System and method for automatic page turning for book imaging


A paneling system for use as a wing and/or return panel for dividing large open office areas into smaller work stations. The paneling system includes a frame having top and bottom surfaces, and side surfaces. Attachment assemblies are used for removably attaching one or more paneling system to one or more of a spine wall, post, wing panel, return panel, and work surfaces.

Commercial buildings typically include large open office areas which are divided into smaller workstations by any of a number of wall paneling systems. These paneling systems typically include upright space dividing wall panels that are typically less than floor-to-ceiling height, and cooperate with other furniture components to define an equipped workstation.
One space dividing wall panel system is the "spine" wall system. The spine wall typically runs the length of a group of workstations, and supports space dividing "wing" panels on opposite sides of the spine wall to define individual workstations. Spine walls include significant cabling capacity so as to allow communications and power cabling to be laid within and along the length of the spine wall. Typical spine walls also provide an increased load bearing capacity for readily mounting and supporting thereon furniture components such as work surfaces, file cabinets, shelf units and the like.
While the wing panels may be formed from the same wall panels as the spine wall, the ever changing needs and requirements of an office environment necessitates the need for a paneling system that is easily moveable with minimal amount of labor. In most instances, the functionalities and features of a spine wall, such as the power and communications cables, render it undesirable for use as a wing panel because of the difficulties associated with re-routing the cabling system, including inconveniences such as loss of power and communications for workstations that are not being reconfigured. Therefore, there exists a need for a wall paneling system which does not include all the functionalities and features provided by a spine wall, and therefore also less costly. The paneling system must be amenable to being easily moved with the least amount of labor, and also such that workstations can be quickly reconfigured.


According to one embodiment, an integrated fault detector circuit is used to detect one or more of the open circuit and short circuit of a load connected to an integrated circuit power MOSFET driver by directly detecting the level of current flowing in a floating current source.

The present disclosures generally relate to integrated circuits, and more particularly, to an integrated fault detector circuit and method for detecting a fault.
Existing fault detector circuits utilize voltage monitoring as the principal method of detecting open load conditions. Such circuits utilize a voltage comparator and a floating current source, each connected across the drain and source of a high-current switch transistor. When the high-current switch transistor is in the OFF state and the load is connected properly, the voltage across the high-current switch transistor will be equal to the supply voltage. However, if the load becomes disconnected, the small amount of current flowing in the floating current source will cause the differential voltage of the high-current switch transistor to collapse. Such a collapse of the differential voltage is detected by the voltage comparator and reported as an open-load fault.
In a known fault detection circuit 10, such as shown in FIG. 1, a high current switch 12 is connected in a low-side configuration. High current switch transistor 12 can comprise, for example, an n-channel MOSFET and includes source 14, drain 16 and gate 18 terminals. The fault detector circuit 10 of FIG. 1 uses floating current source transistors M3 and M9, indicated by reference numerals 20 and 22, respectively. The floating current source provides a controlled current from the drain to source of the MOSFET device. As noted above, if the load becomes disconnected, the small amount of current flowing in the floating current source will cause the voltage from drain to source of the high-current switch transistor 12 to collapse. In addition, the fault detector circuit 10 uses voltage divider resistors R1 and R2, generally indicated by reference numeral 24, to attenuate the drain voltage (sns_DRAIN) of high current switch transistor 12 to the positive input 26 of the comparator (COMP1), indicated by reference numeral 28. The fault detector circuit 10 further includes voltage divider resistors R3 and R4, generally indicated by reference numeral 30, to attenuate the source voltage (sns_SOURCE) of high current switch transistor 12 to the negative input 32 of the comparator 28. Comparator 28 determines when the voltage between the drain 16 and the source 14 is (i) greater than or (ii) less than a predetermined threshold voltage, for example, Vds>3V. When the high current switch 12 is OFF and the combined small current flowing in floating current source transistor (M9) 22 plus the small current flowing in R1 and R2 is sufficient to pull the drain voltage below its predetermined threshold voltage, the comparator output (OUTPUT) 34 is driven low. The circuit 10 of FIG. 1 is configured for a low-side drive application, wherein the load (RLOAD) 60 is connected between a battery (VBATT) 62 and the drain terminal 16 of the high current switch transistor 12. To complete the circuit, the source 14 of the high current switch transistor 12 is connected to VSS. A low voltage on the comparator output 34 indicates that the load (RLOAD) 60, which should be connected to the high current switch transistor 12, is absent.
Circuit 10 still further comprises transistors (M4,M6) 40 and 42, current source (I1) 44, and transistors (M7,M8) 46 and 48. Voltage VCP is indicated by reference numeral 50, voltage V5 is indicated by reference numeral 52, and voltage VSS is indicated by reference numeral 54.
Further with respect to FIG. 1, VCP is a power supply voltage, indicated by reference numeral 50, which must exceed the maximum required voltage at the source of the high current switch transistor (when the transistor is utilized in a high side drive configuration). In the high side drive configuration, the load resistor is connected between the source terminal of the high current switch transistor and VSS and the drain of the high current switch transistor is connected to VBATT. The reason that VCP must be greater than the source voltage is to provide the required operating voltage for transistors M3, M9, M4 and M6, as indicated by reference numerals 20, 22, 40 and 42, respectively.
V5 is a power supply voltage required to power current source I1 and mirror transistors M7 and M8, as indicated by reference numerals 44, 46 and 48, respectively. In addition, VSS is another power supply voltage, indicated by reference numeral 54, such as a negative supply voltage required to power current source I1 and mirror transistors M7 and M8. VSS also provides a reference potential for resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4, as indicated collectively by reference numerals 24 and 30. VSS can comprise a negative power supply voltage, zero volts, or a suitable voltage other than zero volts, as may be required for a given circuit implementation. In the low side drive configuration pictured in FIG. 1, VSS also powers transistors M3, M9 and the high current switch transistor, indicated by reference numerals 20, 22 and 12, respectively.
Current source I1, indicated by reference numeral 44, comprises a current source which those skilled in the art of circuit design recognize may be realized in many different ways such as a single resistor or combinations of transistors and resistors. Transistors M4 and M6, indicated by reference numerals 40 and 42, respectively, comprise p-channel MOSFET transistors connected as a current mirror. The current mirror may also be realized in many different ways, for example, with use of pnp transistors.
Transistors M7 and M8, indicated by reference numerals 46 and 48, respectively, comprise n-channel MOSFET transistors connected as a current mirror. The current mirror may also be realized in many different ways, for example, with use of npn transistors.
In known fault detector circuits, when the maximum voltage which may appear at the drain and source of the high current output switch transistor is relatively high, resistance voltage dividers must be used to attenuate these voltages to levels which can be accommodated by low cost, low complexity voltage comparators.
In addition, some fault detection applications may require that very low values of current be used to detect open load faults. However, the current drawn by the voltage divider resistors in existing fault detectors undesirably increases the level of such a detect current.
Accordingly, there is a need for an improved fault detector circuit and method for overcoming the problems in the art as discussed above.
The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicates similar or identical items. Skilled artisans will also appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help improve the understanding of the embodiments of the present invention.


A cutting-off structure of a packer includes a main body having one side provided with a strap-cutting device. The strap-cutting device has a cutter tube formed with an application section and a combination section, and the application section is provided with a first strap-cutting block and a second strap-cutting block and formed with a strap-guiding groove and a strap-cutting opening. The first strap-cutting block is disposed with a strap-cutting surface at one side opposite to the strap-cutting opening for threadably assembling a cutting unit thereon, which can be assembled with or disassembled from the strap-cutting surface. By so designing, the strap-cutting surface of a packer in the present invention enables a user to cut off packing straps quickly and accurately through the strap-cutting opening and the replaceable cutting unit, convenient in use and able to lower cost.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a cutting-off structure of a packer, particular to one containing a cutting unit provided with a replaceable blade to be pressed downward for cutting off packing straps.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A conventional packer, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, includes a cutting device 1, a clamp-stop device 2 and a strap-pressing device 3 that are assembled on a base 4. A control lever 6 is pivotally provided at a location of a handle 5 of the base 4 and axially connected with the clamp-stop device 3. The cutting device 1 of the conventional packer, as shown in FIG. 2, contains a cutter sleeve 7 set therein with a cutter 8 having its right side formed with a cutting edge 9 and its left side firmly assembled with a fixed pin 10, and the cutter sleeve 7 has its circumferential edge of another end cut with a slot 11. In using, a user can press down the control lever 6 to have its front end moving upward to actuate the fixed pin 10 to turn and drive the cutter 8 to rotate for cutting off the packing strap placed in the slot 11 of the cutter sleeve 7.
However, after the cutter 8 is employed to cut off packing straps for a long period of time, the cutter 8 will become dull and wear off and it needs to replace the whole cutter 8, and the cutter 8 of the conventional packer is complicated in manufacturing and difficult in processing and further, the conventional packer is hard to be assembled. In view of the defects mentioned above, the inventor of this invention thinks that the conventional packer is necessary to be ameliorated and hence devises this invention.


A method of manufacturing a radial tire is disclosed, wherein a tread ring is formed separately from a tier main body by the sue of a tread ring forming apparatus. The radial tire comprises a belt having a camber and a band wound thereon. The tread ring is an annular assembly of a raw belt, a raw band wound thereon and a raw tread rubber. The tread ring forming apparatus comprising a belt drum made up of segments defining the drum circumference. In a cross section including the belt drum axis, the radially outer surface of each segment is a straight line parallel to the axis. In a cross section normal to the belt drum axis, the radiallly outer surface is an arc having one radius substantially equal to one half of the drum diameter, but the drum circumference is decreased in the belt edge portion than the central portion by increasing gaps between the segments.

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a radial tire having a belt (breaker) and a band wound thereon, more particularly to a method of forming a tread ring separately from a tire main body, and also relates to a tread ring forming apparatus.
In general, high speed radial tires for passenger cars, sport cars and the like are provided with a belt (breaker). As the belt cord angle is relatively large with respect to the circumferential direction, the hoop effect is less and the belt is liable to be lifted by high speed rotation. Thus, a band whose cord angle is substantially zero is further wound on the belt to provide a tight hoop effect.
On the other hand, the tire tread is usually provided with a camber. Therefore, it is preferable that the belt is also provided with a similar camber.
Such a belt camber can be obtained by a profiled belt drum of which profile is a convex line in a cross section including the drum axis and also a convex line in a cross section normal to the drum axis. Namely, the drum has a three-dimensional curvature. Such a drum is disclosed in Japanese patent publication Nos. JP-B2-5-44914 and JP-B2-6-51368.
In practice, however, due to high cost, it is difficult to prepare or make such a profiled belt drum for various tire sizes. Further, it is almost impossible to exactly adjust or control the three-dimensional curvature according to the output.
Therefore, sometimes the belt camber is decreased to almost zero, though the tread camber is maintained. As a result, in the vulcanizing mold, the tread rubber is liable to be moved and compressed unevenly especially in the tire shoulder portion to disturb the uniformity of the tire.
Further, the radially inward compressive force that the belt and band receive from the inside of the mold is relatively large in the belt edge portions than the center due to the curvature corresponding to the tread camber. As a result, the band tension decreases in the tire shoulder and the high speed durability decreases.
Therefore, a primary object of the present invention is to provide a radial tire having a belt and band whose dimensions are accurately controlled to improve the tire uniformity and the like.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing such a radial tire by the use of a belt drum comprising novel segments.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a tread ring forming apparatus including the belt drum.
Still more another object of the present invention is to provide a method of forming a tread ring by the use of the tread ring forming apparatus.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a method of manufacturing a radial tire comprises a process of making a tread ring by the use of a belt drum,
the process of making a tread ring comprising the steps of
forming a raw belt by winding a strip of rubberized high modulus cords on the belt shaping face,
forming a raw band by winding at least one organic fiber cord on the radially outside of the raw belt at an angle of 0 to 5 degrees to the circumferential direction of the drum, and
forming a raw tread portion by applying a strip of raw tread rubber on the radially outside of the assembly of the raw belt and raw band.
The radial tire comprising a carcass extending between bead portions, a belt disposed radially outside the carcass, the belt having a belt camber (A) of 2 to 4% of the section width of the tire and an outside diameter (2Rc) at the tire equator, and a band disposed radially outside the belt and inside a tread rubber.
The belt drum comprises segments arranged around the axis of the belt drum, the segments being movable radially between a radially inner position and a radially outer position, each segment having a radially outer surface, the radially outer surfaces of the segments in the radially outer position collectively forming a belt shaping face for supporting the radially inside of a belt material wound thereon.
In the tread ring, the inside circumference Bc of the raw band at the tire equator is
2Rcxc3x97xcfx80xc3x97a
and the inside circumference Be of the raw band 7 at the axial edges of the raw belt is
2(Rcxe2x88x92A)xc3x97xcfx80xc3x97axc3x97b
where
0.94xe2x89xa6axe2x89xa60.99,
0.97xe2x89xa6b less than 1.0.

Method of manufacturing radial tire having wound band


A method of controlling the routing of input/output operations including providing a series of commands expressing connections between sources of data, processing elements, and destinations for data to carry out an input/output operation; compiling a data structure for the input/output operation from the series of commands, the data structure including context defining connections between each of the sources of data, processing elements, and destinations for data; and using the data structure to set connecting context to make connection expressed between each of the sources of data, processing elements, and destinations for data whenever the input/output operation is to be accomplished.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to computer systems and, more particularly, to the control of the data to, from, and between input/output devices in a new input/output architecture for computer systems.
2. History of the Prior Art
The input/output device interfaces of existing computer systems are adapted to perform input operations in which data flows from an input/output device via the interface to either the central processing unit (for programmed input operations) or system memory (for DMA input operations), or output operations in which data flows from either the central processing unit (for programmed output operations) or system memory (for DMA output operations) via the interface to the input/output device. There is no need for routing information to direct the data flow since the start point (the central processing unit or a range of DMA addresses) is explicit and the end point is implicit since most device interfaces drive a single device with only one possible route.
Data flows only when and if a command requests it; there are no autonomous flows of data. The command provides a direction and names one single device as all the routing information necessary.
The advent of multimedia means that in addition to performing input and output operations, computers need to be able to perform operations in which data flows from one input/output device to another. For example, ideally when playing an audio compact disk (CD) on a computer, data should flow from the compact disk drive to the audio input/output device of the computer to be converted into sound. In practice, the compact disk drive converts the digital data to analog audio data; the analog audio data then flows via a special cable to be mixed with the analog output of the audio device of the computer downstream from the digital-to-analog converters. In fact, even if digital audio data were available from the compact disk drive, a conventional system would have to read it into memory and, as a separate operation, write the data from memory to the audio device. The digital data in flowing from one input/output device to another would travel over the system bus twice, once to memory and once from it. Thus, two complete bus operations rather than a single operation in which data travels between input/output devices would be required.
The advent of multimedia computers creates a need for a more powerful input/output architecture. In particular, it requires the ability to route data more flexibly including between input/output devices, the ability to control isochronous flows of data (make data flow at a particular continuous rate until commanded to stop), and the ability to interpose processing elements on flows of data (e.g., mix two streams of data together).
Operations in which data is transferred from one input/output device to another require complex routing information. For example, a system playing a Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) encoded movie from a compact disk might route the MPEG data from the compact disk via a SCSI bus to an MPEG decoder device, decode the MPEG data into a first stream of audio MPEG data and a second stream of video MPEG data. The first stream of decompressed MPEG audio data is sent to an audio mixer device where it is combined with other audio streams, and the stream of mixed audio data is routed via an audio digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to a pair of headphones. The second stream of decompressed MPEG video data is routed via a rendering engine into a specified region of a frame buffer where it is mixed with other graphics images. The video output of the frame buffer is routed via a DAC to a monitor.
In this example, there are one source device (the CD drive), two destination devices (the headphones and the monitor), and a number of intermediate processing devices (the MPEG decoder, the audio mixer, the rendering engine, the frame buffer, and the audio and video DACs). The source device has a single output and no inputs. Each destination device has a single input and no outputs. Each intermediate device has one or more inputs and one or more outputs.
Prior art computer systems provide an ad hoc set of connections among their resources. The special analog audio cable connecting the CD drive to the analog output of the audio device of the computer is one such ad hoc connection. An application wishing to route audio data from the CD drive to the audio output of the computer has to be aware of the existence of the special cable in this particular configuration and of the specific manipulations of the hardware needed to cause data to flow via the cable. There is no general device-independent way to enumerate the available sources, destinations, and intermediate processing elements, nor is there any general way to establish or remove connections between them.
This contrasts with practices in the audio industry which has long provided studios in which sources of audio data, modulating elements such as vibrato and tremolo units, mixers and limiters, and audio outputs are represented as individual modules which a human operator may connect in appropriate configurations using physical wires called patchcords.
It is desirable to provide computer application programs with the ability to identify the available sources, destinations, and intermediate processing devices available in a particular configuration and to allow application programs to route data among these resources as best fits their needs, subject to the constraints of the underlying hardware, in ways analogous to the physical patchcords of an audio studio.
Nor does the prior art provide general techniques by which multiple application programs may share a collection of sources, destinations, and intermediate processing elements. Each of a group of application programs running simultaneously using the collection of input/output elements wants to establish its own set of connections between these resources and to establish its own context on each of the resources. Context as used herein refers to the conditions such as register states, switch enables, and the like necessary for any resource to function correctly with the application program.
In conventional input/output systems, an application sharing access to an input/output resource needs to have context on that resource only while the application is actually accessing it. At other times, some other application may be using the resource and placing its own context on the resource. Input/output resources are serially reused by the group of application programs sharing them, providing each application with the illusion of exclusive access.
If a group of application programs share access to a pool of input/output resources that support autonomous isochronous data flows, the resources can, in general, no longer be serially reused. Consider an MPEG satellite television application and a videophone application running together on a single computer and sharing a pool of input/output resources. Initially, the MPEG broadcast is playing and the videophone is idle. The video frames of the broadcast are being rendered into a region of the framebuffer, and the audio samples are being routed to the speakers. A videophone call is received. The system reduces the volume of the satellite broadcast, decreases the size of the broadcast image, creates a window and starts rendering video frames from the videophone into it, connects the audio output of the videophone to the mixer, and increases its volume until it is easily audible.
In such a case, the two applications are truly sharing the audio output rather than serially reusing it. During each audio sample interval, the mixer receives a sample from the satellite and a sample from the videophone, multiplies them by their fader values, adds them together and normalizes the result to the desired overall volume.
It is desirable to allow each application to construct the set of input/output resources it requires, to specify appropriate connections between those resources, and to place appropriate context on them independently of what other applications are doing with the same set of resources. It is also desirable for the underlying system to manage the serial reuse and true sharing implied by the configurations constructed by the applications.

Method of controlling I/O routing by setting connecting context for utilizing I/O processing elements within a computer system to produce multimedia effects


The present invention relates to a dielectric thin film composition showing linear dielectric properties, in which tin oxides (SnO2) are introduced into a (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BSTO) dielectric thin film in a continuous diffusion gradient manner in composition. Since the non-linear dielectric properties of BSTO are converted to linear dielectric properties by the addition of SnO2 according to the present invention, the dielectric thin film composition of the present invention is characterized in that: there is little change in the capacitance according to the applied electric field; it has a high dielectric constant capable of showing a desired capacitance even at a thickness suitable for preventing the occurrence of electron tunneling; and it exhibits paraelectric properties similar to the conventional dielectric substances such as SiO2 while having a very low dielectric loss.

As large scale integrated circuits based on silicon are being developed, there are problems with a decrease in the electric properties of DRAM (dynamic random access memory). In particular, the effective thickness of a SiO2 layer used as a capacitor thin film of DRAM gradually decreases due to the large scale integration, resulting in a leakage current caused by electron tunneling. To solve these problems, a method has been developed for improving integrated circuit reliability by etching trenches into the silicon of a semiconductor substrate, and thereby, increasing the effective surface area thereof. However, the above method is facing limitations in terms of the diversification of the final product image. As for other methods, there is a method of increasing the dielectric constant of a dielectric thin film. The larger the dielectric constant of a dielectric thin film is, the thicker the effective thickness thereof can be; thus, a great deal of research is being conducted on the above method.
In particular, in order to develop new materials for a dielectric thin film having a high dielectric constant sufficient for replacing SiO2 (∈r≈4), a number of studies have been conducted on materials having an intermediate dielectric constant such as amorphous Si—O—N (∈r≈6), amorphous or crystalline Ta2O5 (∈r≈23), Zr—Sn—Ti—O (∈r≈50) and the like, as well as those having a high dielectric constant such as (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BSTO, ∈r≈200). BSTO is being regarded as a potential candidate for the next-generation dielectric thin film for G-bit scale DRAMs due to its high dielectric constant, low temperature coefficient, excellent compatibility with silicon devices, and the like. However, in the field of silicon devices, there has been a reluctance to use BSTO as an alternative dielectric thin film because BSTO exhibits non-linear dielectric properties (ΔC/C0) and high dielectric loss. Such non-linear dielectric properties (i.e., tunability) are suitable for tunable devices such as tunable filters, but severely affects the operation of DRAM devices. Further, in order to utilize BSTO as a DRAM device, its dielectric loss must be lower than 0.005. However, the dielectric loss of the currently available BSTO thin films is only 0.02. It has been reported that the dielectric loss of the BSTO thin film can be reduced by up to 0.01 by regulating various physical properties, including texturing, interface, stress, surface roughness and microstructure of the thin film, but there is still a need to reduce the above dielectric loss by half.
Memory integrated circuits based on semi-conductors such as DRAM require a capacitor layer for storing electric charges and can be utilized as a memory device by utilizing the electrically charged/uncharged states of the above capacitor layer. The capacitance value of the capacitor layer is proportional to the surface area and dielectric constant thereof while being inversely proportional to the thickness thereof. Therefore, in case of using dielectric substances having the same dielectric constant in the large scale integration of a semi-conductor device, the surface area of the capacitor layer is reduced. Thus, in order to achieve the desired level of capacitance, the thickness of the dielectric thin film must be reduced. Currently, as the integration efficiencies of semi-conductor devices improve, methods of reducing the thickness of a dielectric thin film (mainly, SiO2) are mostly used, but such methods will soon reach limits in the field of next-generation G-bit scale DRAMs, and finally, face problems in terms of large leakage currents.
The present inventors have therefore carried out research to solve the above problems with the conventional methods and found that, when SnO2 is added to a BSTO dielectric thin film by a continuous diffusion gradient manner in composition, non-linear dielectric properties of BSTO are converted into linear dielectric properties. The thus obtained linear dielectric thin film composition has several advantages in that: there is little change in the capacitance according to the applied electric field; it has a high dielectric constant capable of showing a desired capacitance even at a thickness suitable for preventing the occurrence of electron tunneling; and it exhibits paraelectric properties similar to the conventional dielectric substances such as SiO2 while having a very low dielectric loss.

Dielectric thin film composition showing linear dielectric properties

Korea Institute of Science and Technology


Surgical articles, implants and components suitable for female pelvic health procedures are described.

Pelvic floor disorders include cystocele, rectocele, enterocele, and prolapse such as anal, uterine and vaginal vault prolapse. A cystocele is a hernia of the bladder, usually into the vagina and introitus. These disorders typically result from weakness or damage to normal pelvic support systems.
In its severest forms, vaginal vault prolapse can result in the distension of the vaginal apex outside of the vagina. An enterocele is a vaginal hernia in which the peritoneal sac containing a portion of the small bowel extends into the rectovaginal space. Vaginal vault prolapse and enterocele represent challenging forms of pelvic disorders for surgeons. These procedures often involve lengthy surgical procedure times.
Synthetic implants have been used to address pelvic organ prolapse. See Julian, The Efficacy of Marlex Mesh in the Repair of Severe, Recurrent Vaginal Prolapse of the Anterior Midvaginal Wall, Am. J. Obstet Gynec, Vol. 175, No. 6 (1996) (Pps 1472-1475). A hammock-shaped polypropylene mesh is described in Nicita, A New Operation For Genitourinary Prolapse, J. of Urology, Vol. 160, 741-745 (September 1998). The mesh is taut and anchored transversely between the two arcus tendineus of the endopelvic fascia and in the anteroposterior direction between the bladder and uterine necks. The width of the mesh is equal to the anteroposterior dimension of cystocele.
Migliari et al used a 5×5 cm mixed (60% polyglactin 910 and 40% polyester) fiber mesh to treat cystocele. See Migliari et al., Treatment Results Using a Mixed Fiber Mesh in Patients With Grade IV Cystocele, J. of Urology, Vol. 161, 1255-1258 (April 1998). Meshes provided in square or rectangular configurations must be trimmed to form a complex shape. This can add to the length of the surgical procedure.
Vaginal vault prolapse is often associated with a rectocele, cystocele or enterocele. It is known to repair vaginal vault prolapse by suturing to the utero sacral ligaments, the sacrospinous ligaments or the levator muscles. It is also known to repair prolapse by attaching the vaginal vault through mesh or fascia to the sacrum. Many patients suffering from vaginal vault prolapse also require a surgical procedure to correct stress urinary incontinence that is either symptomatic or latent.
Italian Patent No. 01299162 describes a first prosthesis mesh having a first section designed to be applied to a bladder cavity and a second section designed to be applied to the bladder below the bladder neck. The first prosthesis includes a pair of flaps that are designed to be applied to the urethropelvic ligament and are separated from the first section by slits. The first prosthesis may be used to treat urogenital prolapse. A second prosthesis for treating rectocele is disclosed. The second prosthesis is separate and distinct from the first prosthesis.
A sacral colpopexy is a procedure for providing vaginal vault suspension. It may be performed through an abdominal incision or laparoscopically. Complications include mesh infection, mesh erosion, bowel obstruction, and bleeding from the presacral venous complex. Typically, this procedure is accompanied by an abdominal enterocele repair and cul-de-sac obliteration.
A sacral colpopexy entails suspension of the vaginal cuff to the sacrum with fascia or synthetic mesh. The synthetic mesh is typically carefully customized or assembled into a special shape by the surgeon. A surgeon manually cuts a sheet of the mesh and stitches elements of the mesh to form the special shape. The literature reports surgeons suturing mesh material into various T-shaped articles. See Paraiso et al, Laparoscopic Surgery for Enterocele, Vaginal Apex Prolapse and Rectocele, Int Urogynecol J (1999), 10:223-229.
A sacral colpopexy can be a tedious, challenging surgical procedure. Average procedure lengths of 247 minutes were reported in Winters et al., Abdominal Sacral Colpopexy and Abdominal Enterocele Repair in the Management of Vaginal Vault Prolapse, Urology 56 (Suppl 6A) (2000): 55-63. At least some of this time can be attributed to the time required for the surgeon to construct an implant. Non-laparoscopic surgical procedure lengths can be shorter, but such procedures involve a large abdominal incision with the attendant risk of morbidity and infection. Many surgeons seek to avoid sacral colpopexy procedures for a variety of different reasons, including the amount of surgical activity in proximity to sensitive areas such as the sacrum.
It is reported that 72% of patients with vault prolapse had a combination of other pelvic floor defects. See Richter K: Massive Eversion of the Vagina: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapy of the True Prolapse of the Vaginal Stump, Clin. Obstet Gynecol 25:897-912 (1982). If surgical correction of cystocele, rectocele or stress incontinence is performed in the presence of untreated vaginal vault prolapse, it is speculated that an early recurrence of prolapse is extremely likely. When it is considered that it is often necessary to correct multiple pelvic floor disorders simultaneously, the time factor for surgeons is particularly challenging. See, Diana et al., Treatment of Vaginal Vault Prolapse with Abdominal Sacral Colpopexy Using Prolene Mesh, American Journal of Surgery, Vol. 179, (February 2000), Pps. 126-128.
A sacrospinous ligament fixation surgical procedure is a procedure that involves attaching the vault of the vagina to the sacrospinous ligament. See Guner et al., Transvaginal Sacrospinous Colpopexy For Marked Uterovaginal and Vault Prolapse, Inter. J. of Gynec. & Obstetrics, 74 (2001) Pps. 165-170. Sacrospinous ligament fixation procedures are believed to require specialized, technical skills. There are additional drawbacks. For example, the procedure tends to place the vagina in an artificial anatomical position (as opposed to a natural position), especially if the procedure is performed unilaterally which tends to pull the vagina to one side.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,840,011 discloses an implant for suspension of the urinary bladder to treat incontinence. The implant includes four securement appendages. The patent states that two securement appendages are drawn retrosymphyseally between the bladder and vagina and are positioned exactly. The other two securement appendages are fixed to the ligamentum pubicum superior behind the two pubic rami.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,306,079 discloses a mesh pubovaginal sling comprising two mesh pieces, including a first mesh portion of polypropylene and a second mesh portion comprising an absorbable material. One piece is inserted at the endopelvic fascia and the other at the suprapubic region.
PCT Publication No. WO 00/64370 (Gaston) describes a device for treating a prolapse by vaginal suspension. The device comprises an elongate, flexible, pierced material, a suture connected to the material and a suture needle joined to the suture. The device is long enough to enable posterior suspension of the vagina at the promontory (i.e. the front upper part of the sacrum). The other end of the device includes a distal portion having a width such that it can cover at least a large part of the posterior part of the vagina, a rounded cut-out with dimensions that enable it to be engaged around the base of the vagina on at least a large part of the lower half of the wall of the vagina. The suture is connected to the article so that it is offset sidewise in relation to the cut-out.
PCT Publication No. WO 00/27304 (ORY et al.) discloses a suspension device for treating prolapse and urinary incontinence. The device comprises at least one filiform suspension cord with limited elasticity and at least two anchoring parts linked to the ends of the cord.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,112,344 and PCT Publication No. PCT/US02/32284 disclose surgical devices for female pelvic health procedures. The IVS Tunneller device is available from U.S. Surgical of Norwalk, Conn. The IVS device comprises a fixed delta wing handle, a hollow metal tube and a stylet that is placeable within the tube. The stylet has a rounded plastic tip on one end and an eyelet at the other end. The device may be used to implant a polypropylene tape for infracoccygeal sacropexy and other surgical procedures. See Farnsworth, Posterior Intravaginal Slingplasty (Infracoccygeal Sacropexy) For Severe Posthysterectotiy Vaginal Vault Prolapse—A Preliminary Report on Safety and Efficacy, Int. Urogynecol. J. (2002) 13:4-8; Petros, Vault Prolapse II. Restoration of Dynamic Vaginal Supports by Infracoccygeal Sacropexy, an Axial Day-Case Vaginal Procedure, Int Urogynecol J (2001) 12:296-303; and Petros, The Intravaginal Slingplasty Operation, a Minimally Invasive Technique for Cure of Urinary Incontinence in the Female, Aust. N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, (1996); 36: 4:453.
A single, rigid, hollow metal tube is associated with the IVS Tunneller device. This single tube passes through two separate regions of the patient's body with the attendant risk of cross contamination. The outer diameter of the tube is also relatively large (about 0.25 inches) with the attendant risk of tissue damage due to a large diameter needle.
The polypropylene tape supplied with the IVS Tunneller is a thin, rectangular shape, believed to be approximately 8 mm×350 mm. The thin, rectangular tape supplied with the IVS Tunneller is not believed to be optimally sized and shaped to afford concomitant procedures such as enterocoele, cystocele and/or rectocoele repairs encountered in many cases. The tape is also inextensible. Under a longitudinal force, the implant is highly resistant to elongation. It is believed that inextensible polypropylene tapes may be apt to exhibit a greater association with erosion and failure.

Method and apparatus for correction of urinary and gynecological pathologies, including treatment of incontinence cystocele


According to an aspect, a mobile electronic device includes: an imaging unit for capturing a map image; a processing unit for acquiring information for a specific image corresponding to the map image based on information included in the map image captured by the imaging unit; and an image projecting unit for projecting the specific image to a projection area.

A conventional device for projecting an image to a wall surface or a screen includes a so-called projector. The mainstream of the projector is a so-called stationary type device which is supplied with power from a commercial power supply and is used in a state of being fixed in a predetermined position. The stationary type projector projects an image to a given portion of the wall surface or to the screen in its fixed state.
Recently, on the other hand, a mobile projector compact in size and easy to carry is proposed as the projector. For example, Patent Literature 1 describes a mobile terminal with a projector function that includes an upper cabinet, a lower cabinet, and a hinge for mutually pivotally connecting the upper cabinet and the lower cabinet, and also includes a projector having a lens and a light source. Moreover, some mobile electronic devices display an image on a display unit such as a display.

Mobile electronic device and control method of mobile electronic device


Embodiments of the present invention disclose a call processing method and a terminal. The method includes: receiving a first short message sent by a calling party, where the first short message includes an short message text, a preset flag bit, an association number, and a time, the preset flag bit is used to indicate that the short message text of the first short message indicates a reason why the calling party calls the called party, the association number includes a phone number of the calling party, and the time is a time at which the first short message is sent; determining, based on the association number and the time, an incoming call associated with the first short message; decapsulating the first short message to obtain the short message text of the first short message; and displaying the short message text in a related display interface of the incoming call.

Initiating and answering a call is the most common means for people to communicate with each other currently.
In some cases, a called party cannot answer a call of a calling party in time, or it is inconvenient for a called party to answer a call of a calling party, but the calling party urgently expects the called party to call back as early as possible because of some important events. For example, when the calling party calls the called party because of an important event, a mobile phone of the called party is not around, and the call is automatically disconnected due to call timeout. For another example, when the calling party calls the called party because of an important event, the called party rejects the call because the called party is in a meeting.
In the prior art, after failing to answer the call of the calling party, the called party can only view a missed call and an incoming call time in a call record. The called party cannot accurately learn of a call intention of the calling party. Consequently, the called party may not call back the calling party in time. As a result, the calling party or the called party misses a best occasion for processing an important event, causing poor user experience.
In some cases, it is inconvenient for the called party to answer an incoming call of the calling party. For example, it is inconvenient for the called party to answer the call of the calling party when the called party is in a meeting. For another example, it is inconvenient for the called party to answer the call of the calling party when the called party is in class.
In the prior art, to notify the calling party of a call rejection reason, the called party may click a short message icon in an incoming call interface, and select and send a pre-stored call rejection short message, for example, "I am in a meeting", "I am in class", or user-defined short message content. The calling party may learn of the call rejection reason of the called party by using short message content sent by the called party, so that user experience is relatively friendly. However, in the prior art, a short message that indicates a call rejection reason is merely an ordinary short message, and the calling party cannot intuitively learn of a specific call-out record corresponding to the short message. Especially when viewing the short message later, the calling party needs to check a sending phone number and a sending time of the short message, to associate the short message with a specific call-out record. This is quite inconvenient.
The prior art further provides a function of viewing a recent contact event of a contact. As shown in FIG. 1, a user may view, in a contact interface or a call record details interface, all recent contact events that occur between the user and a contact sharp television (phone number: 13480960261), including short messages and call records. However, an association between a short message and a call record cannot be intuitively and accurately notified to the user in this manner. In addition, there may be no direct association between the short message and the call record. For example, in the interface shown in FIG. 1, the user cannot intuitively learn of an association between a short message received on "October 8" and two call records on "October 8". An interface shown in FIG. 2 can only present a recent contact event that occurs between the user and the contact sharp television to the user.

Call processing method, terminal, and system


The invention relates to a combustion engine (1) having a housing (2) with a chamber (3). A rotor (4) is arranged herein which is provided with a number of vanes (5A, 5B, 6A, 6B) which divide the chamber into a number of compartments (3A, 3B, 3C, 3D). Each of the compartments is intended for performing at least one of the following functions: a) drawing in and/or compressing gas required for the combustion; b) bringing the fuel to combustion; c) producing work; and d) discharging combustion gases. A first pair of vanes (5A, 5B) is mounted rotatably on a first rotation axis (5). A second pair of vanes (6A, 6B) is mounted rotatably on a second rotation axis (6). The rotation axes are arranged eccentrically in the chamber (3). The rotary engine has the characteristic that the vanes in each pair (5A, 5B; 6A, 6B) are rotatable independently of each other.

The present invention relates to a combustion engine, comprising a housing with a chamber, In which is arranged a rotor which is provided with a number of vanes which extend in radial direction to the wall of the chamber and which divide the chamber into a number of compartments, wherein each of the compartments is intended for performing at least one of the following functions: a) drawing in and/or compressing gas required for the combustion; b) bringing the fuel to combustion; c) producing work; and d) discharging combustion gases, wherein a first pair of vanes is mounted rotatably on a first rotation axis and wherein a second pair of vanes is mounted rotatably on a second rotation axis, which rotation axes are arranged eccentrically in the chamber.
Such an internal combustion engine is known in the field as a rotary engine. The rotary engine has a number of advantages compared to the traditional internal combustion engine, the "Otto engine". By replacing the piston with a rotor, the rotary engine can in principle suffice with just one chamber. The rotary engine now has an inherently balanced construction, whereby added balance weights, as are usual in the Otto engine, can be omitted. The rotary engine therefore has a minimum of components, which increases the reliability and reduces the production costs.
An example of a rotary engine is described in the American patent specification U.S. Pat. No. 6,070,565. In the known rotary engine the vanes are coupled in pairs by means of a yoke which translates round a fixed point. The translating movement of the vanes in the rotor is not hereby smooth since the vanes briefly come to a standstill each time the movement of the yoke is reversed. This results in friction losses which adversely affect the efficiency of the rotary engine. The jolting movement also generates extra vibrations. The maximum rotation speed is furthermore limited by this construction.
The invention has for its object to provide a rotary engine of the type stated in the preamble with an improved construction and a higher efficiency. The rotary engine according to the invention has the feature for this purpose that the vanes in each pair are independently rotateable relative to each other. The independently rotatable vanes have the advantage of always making a smooth movement at a practically constant angular speed. The rotary engine hereby has low vibration and undergoes relatively low acceleration and deceleration forces, which contributes toward a higher efficiency as well as a greater comfort at a lower weight.
According to a first preferred embodiment of the combustion engine according to the invention, each of the vanes in the first pair (5A, 5B) is provided with a protruding portion for mounting on the rotation axis 5. According to a second preferred embodiment of the combustion engine according to the invention, each of the vanes in the second pair (6A, 6B) is provided with a recess with a protruding portion on either side for mounting on the rotation axis 6. Each protruding portion is preferably provided with a bearing which is mounted round the rotation axis. This results in an extremely stable construction, also at high rotation speeds.


A source of terahertz radiation at a fundamental terahertz frequency is tunable over a fundamental terahertz frequency range, and is coupled into a first waveguide. The first waveguide supports only a single transverse spatial mode within the fundamental terahertz frequency range. A solid-state frequency multiplier receives from the first waveguide the terahertz radiation and produces terahertz radiation at a harmonic terahertz frequency. A second waveguide receives the harmonic terahertz radiation. The tunable terahertz source can comprise a backward wave oscillator with output tunable over about 0.10-0.18 THz, 0.18-0.26 THz, or 0.2-0.37 THz. The frequency multiplier can comprises at least one varistor or Schottky diode, and can comprise a doubler, tripler, pair of doublers, doubler and tripler, or pair of triplers. The terahertz source can be incorporated into a terahertz spectrometer or a terahertz imaging system.

The field of the present invention relates to terahertz radiation. In particular, terahertz tunable sources, spectrometers, and imaging systems are disclosed herein.
The terahertz (THz) or sub-millimeter-wave region of the electromagnetic spectrum (about 0.1-10 THz) has traditionally represented a relatively under-developed "gap" between the microwave and long-wave infrared regions. Over the last two decades, a new field of spectroscopic sensing and imaging has emerged with the advent of new optoelectronic THz component technology that offers exciting prospects for non-invasive inspection and remote threat detection by combining chemical and biological sensitivity with quasi-optical propagation. Unlike the RF, microwave, and millimeter-wave regions where detection or imaging relies primarily on dielectric contrast, many hazardous materials (e.g. explosives, chemical or biological weapons (CBW) agents, etc.) present characteristic absorption features in the THz frequency range that can be used to detect their presence or to provide enhanced image contrast. Furthermore, unlike optical radiation in the visible and mid-infrared regions, THz radiation is transmitted through a wide range of materials including paper, textiles, wood, plastics, ceramics, etc. Hence, their sub-mm spatial resolution combined with adequate atmospheric transmission provides THz sensors with significant potential for detecting and identifying remote or concealed CBW materials and explosives. A need therefore exists for tunable sources of terahertz radiation, and for spectrometers and imaging systems employing such sources.

Terahertz tunable sources, spectrometers, and imaging systems


A method for forming black matrixes of a liquid crystal display device is provided that includes preparing a transparent substrate, printing first black matrixes on the substrate, and printing second black matrixes on the first black matrixes.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly, to a printing method for forming black matrixes in a liquid crystal display device.
2. Description of the Related Art
Demands for a light, thin, small flat panel display devices is increasing due to the development of various portable electronic devices, such as mobile phones, PDAs, notebook computers, and the like. As a result, there has been an increase in research with regard to flat panel display devices including an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), a PDP (Plasma Display Panel), an FED (Field Emission Display), a VFD (Vacuum Fluorescent Display) and the like. Liquid crystal display devices are receiving much attention thanks to its simple mass-production technique, easy driving system and implementation of a high picture quality.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a section of a general liquid crystal display device. As illustrated in FIG. 1, a liquid crystal display device 1 includes a lower substrate 5, an upper substrate 3 and a liquid crystal layer 7 formed between the lower substrate 5 and the upper substrate 3. A pixel electrode and a common electrode (not shown) are respectively formed on the lower substrate 5 and the upper substrate 3, and an alignment layer (not shown) for aligning liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 7 is formed on the pixel electrode and on the common electrode.
The lower substrate 5 is a driving unit array substrate including a plurality of pixels (not shown). Each pixel includes a driving unit such as a thin film transistor. The upper substrate 3 is a color filter substrate including a color filter layer for implementing a color.
The lower substrate 5 and the upper substrate 3 are attached by a sealing material 9, and the liquid crystal layer 7 is formed there between. The liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are driven by a driving unit (not shown) formed on the lower substrate 5 and the quantity of light transmitting the liquid crystal layer is controlled to display information.
The lower substrate 5 is formed by a driving device array process for forming the driving device at the lower substrate 5, and the upper substrate 3 is formed by a color filter process for forming a color filter.
The driving device array process includes forming a plurality of gate lines and data lines which are arranged on the lower substrate 5 and define pixel regions, forming at each pixel region a thin film transistor which is the driving device to be connected to the gate lines and data lines, and then forming a pixel electrode for driving the liquid crystal layer by applying a signal through the thin film transistor which is connected thereto (to the pixel electrode).
Furthermore, the color filter process is achieved by forming black matrixes on the upper substrate 3, forming a color filter on the black matrixes, and forming a common electrode on the color filter. The black matrixes are formed using a single layer of metal material having excellent reflective properties such as Cr or CrOx, or a double layer which shields light more effectively. However, the double layer black matrixes requires a photolithographic process. In general, black matrixes made of a metal pattern are fabricated using a photolithographic process, which includes complicated processes such as metal film deposition, exposure, development, and strip processes. As a result, the addition of the photolithographic process decreases productivity.
Alternatively, the black matrixes may be made of a resin BM. The black matrix resin is thicker than the metal layer in order to effectively block light. That is, because the resin BM uses a spin coater, it has a limit to reduce a thickness. However, as the resin BM becomes thicker, an occurrence of step difference is deepened. In order to solve the problem, an overcoat layer has to be formed, or after forming the resin BM, a polishing process for eliminating its surface has to be applied thereto.
Thus, in both related art black matrix forming processes productivity is reduced due to the required additional process. For example, when employing the double metal layer, the photolithographic process is further required, and when employing the resin BM, the overcoat layer forming or polishing process is further required.

Method for forming black matrix of liquid crystal display device


A hologram recorder (A) records holograms in a selected unit recording area (B1) of a hologram recording medium (B) by interference between a recording beam (Lr) which is applied vertically to the unit recording area (B1) and a reference beam (Lr) which is applied obliquely to the unit recording area (B1). The hologram recorder (A) includes a reference beam oblique applier (23A, 23B) for application of the reference beam (Lr) obliquely to the unit recording area (B1) by reflection, and a reference beam swing mechanism (30) for supporting the reference beam oblique applier (23A, 23B) and for swinging the reference beam oblique applier (23A, 23B) about a predetermined rotation axis which is perpendicular to an entering direction of the recording beam (Lw) that makes an entry into the unit recording area.

A conventional hologram recorder is disclosed in Patent Document 1 for example. This hologram recorder uses so-called angular multiplex method in recording holograms. A recording beam (signal beam) is applied perpendicularly to a unit recording area in a recording medium while a reference beam (baseline beam) is applied to the unit area at a slanted angle. The reference beam is guided by two wedge-shaped prisms, a flat-plated third mirror and a parabolic mirror to the unit recording area. After passing through the wedge-shaped prisms, the reference beam is reflected by the flat-plate mirror, and then by an inner surface of the parabolic mirror before reaching the unit recording area. In this process, the wedge-shaped prisms are controlled to take appropriate attitudes so that the reference beam is directed to a desired location on the inner surface of the parabolic mirror.
Specifically, the reference beam's entering direction is varied in a rotating manner about the normal of incidence in the three-dimensional space. Further, the reference beam's entering angle is varied within a predetermined range of oblique angles with respect to the unit recording area. Each time the reference beam's entering direction and/or entering angle is varied in this way, there is an interference by the recording beam, and as a result, holograms of different interference patterns according to the different entering directions and different entering angles of the reference beam are recorded in the unit recording area of the recording medium. According to such an arrangement, it is possible to bring the reference beam into the interference from a variety of directions with respect to the recording beam, and therefore to increase hologram multiplicity in the unit recording area.
Patent Document 1: JP-A-2000-206856


Described are aryl oxabicyclooctane derivatives and phenyl norbornane derivatives defined according to the structures: ##STR1## wherein N is an integer selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2, processes for preparing same, perfumery uses thereof and intermediates used in said processes which intermediates are defined according to the structures: ##STR2## wherein M is 0, 1 or 2 and X is chloro or bromo. Also described are the by-products having the structure: ##STR3## wherein P is 1 or 2 and uses thereof in perfumery.

Our invention relates to aryl oxabicyclooctane derivatives and phenyl norbornane derivatives defined according to the structures: ##STR4## wherein N is 1 or 2, processes for preparing same, perfumery uses thereof and intermediates used in said processes which intermediates are defined according to the structures: ##STR5## wherein M is 0, 1 or 2 and X is chloro or bromo.
Sweaty, animalic, amber, musky, dry camphoraceous and woody-peppery aromas, with green, herbaceous, sweaty, animalic, cigar box-like and woody topnotes are particularly desirable in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles (e.g., solid or liquid, anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softener compositions, fabric softener articles, hair preparations, cosmetic powders and perfumed polymers).
Compounds having the oxabicyclooctane nucleus have been known for use in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfume compositions, perfumed articles and colognes for a number of years. Such compounds are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,269,862 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,087,707. Furthermore, Cineole is disclosed by Arctander "Perfume and Flavor Chemicals" (Aroma Chemicals) at Monograph 616 to have a eucalyptus aroma (its common name is "eucalyptol").
Nothing in the prior art however discloses the aryl oxabicyclooctane derivatives and phenyl norbornane derivatives of our invention for their organoleptic utilities.
However, Beilstein H6,591 (EIII6/2771) discloses the compound having the structure: ##STR6## prepared from Alpha-pinen oxide and alpha-campholenaldehyde. The Beilstein reference does not show that the compound can be further cyclized, however.
2-Phenyl-2-norbornene having the structure: ##STR7## (CAS 42114-13-6) is disclosed by Kropp, J.Amer.Chem.Soc., 1973, Vol. 95(14), pages 4611-19 [title: "Photochemistry of CycloAlkenes.VIII] 2-Phenyl-2-norbornene and 2-phenyl-2-bornene".
No disclosure of the use of the compound having the structure: ##STR8## in perfumery is disclosed. No disclosure of the mixture of the compounds having the structures: ##STR9## is disclosed in the prior art.

Mixtures of aryl oxabicyclooctane derivatives, mixtures of phenyl norbornane derivatives, processes for preparing same, perfumery uses thereof and intermediates used in said processes