A rotor for an induction motor of the squirrel cage type wherein the rotor bars are exposed to a resilient anti-sparking compound in the rotor slots of the machine. The rotor bars are provided with a longitudinal slot to permit the insertion of the anti-sparking compound after assembly of the squirrel cage rotor. Alternatively, the laminations may be shaped to produce a longitudinal groove in the rotor bar slot to permit the insertion of the anti-sparking compound in the groove so produced. Of course, both the rotor bar and the rotor slot may both be provided with complimentary slots adjacent one another in which the anti-sparking compound may be injected.

The standard multi-phase induction motor is one branch of the dynamoelectric machine (DEM) family which may be said to have reached a stage of mature development. Because of the nature of the induction motor and its underlying principle of operation, the basic designs of this type of dynamoelectric machinery tend to be relatively standard.
Usually the construction of an induction motor consists of a stator and rotor mounted within a frame work in such a manner that the rotor is free to rotate in a set of bearings mounted therein.
The stator is connected to a multiphase source of ac power to produce a rotating magnetic field which passes through the rotor. The rotor when subjected to the rotating magnetic field has a structure which produces an induced magnetic rotor field which results in a torque being produced in the rotor which causes rotation of the rotor.
The rotor of induction type dynamoelectric machines whether a standard ac induction motor or an induction start synchronous type ac machine utilizes a construction which follows a standard pattern. A magnetic core or other type of magnetic body formed of laminations of a magnetic material is securely mounted on a shaft or spider in such a manner as to ensure rotation therewith.
In the case of an induction motor, the rotor construction usually consists of a shaft on which packets of disc shaped laminations are mounted in such a manner as to produce a rotor core. Periodically ventilation ducts are produced in the rotor core by the insertion of suitable spacer devices between the lamination packets.
The laminations forming the rotor core are usually provided with axially extending slots at or near the periphery of the rotor for the insertion of rotor bars. In the construction of a fabricated rotor, rotor bars are driven into the rotor slots or recesses so that a portion of each rotor bar extends slightly beyond the ends of the rotor core. In the usual construction of an ac induction type rotor, a shorting ring (usually copper or an alloy thereof is brazed to the rotor bar ends protruding from each end of the rotor core. This construction is usually referred to as a "squirrel cage" rotor.
A similar construction is employed in amortisseur windings of synchronous ac dynamoelectric machines. Designers of this type of machine have for many years employed a "damper" or amortisseur winding to provide the necessary torque to start these machines (most synchronous machines embody a construction which produces zero torque at rotor standstill).
As a result a rotor construction is employed which basically utilizes a squirrel cage type operation within the synchronous rotor to produce the necessary starting torque for the synchronous machine. Rotor bars are driven through recesses provided near or at the surface of the pole faces of the rotor so that the ends of the rotor bars protrude slightly beyond the ends of the rotor poles. A pair of shorting rings are suitably connected (by brazing) to the ends of the rotor bars to permit the flow of current in the rotor bars to produce the resulting rotor magnetic field necessary to produce the rotor starting torque. Because of the maturity of the design of this type of machine, the rotor bars are usually aluminum or copper or alloys thereof, and in the case of an induction motor the rotor usually takes the form of a cylinder.
Although the rotors of synchronous machines take other shapes depending on whether the poles are salient or not, the principles of squirrel cage operation are equally applicable to this type of machine and although this application will generally describe ac induction type motors, the techniques employed to overcome the problems of prior art induction type dynamoelectric motors are equally applicable to dynamoelectric machines of the synchronous type wherein an amortisseur winding is employed to produce starting torque.
The operation of a squirrel cage is fairly well understood and at stand still the operation of the squirrel cage motor may be loosely compared to a transformer. The stator in which the squirrel cage rotor rotates produces a rotating magnetic field which produces an induced electromotive force (EMF), in the stationary rotor which causes circulating currents to flow in the rotor bars of the rotor. At stand still, the frequency of the induced EMF in the rotor bars is equal to the frequency of the electrical supply to the stator windings of the motor. It is in this stage (i.e. locked rotor) that very large circulating currents pass through the rotor bars and shorting rings. The circulating currents will decrease as the rotor speed increases but the currents continue to be large in magnitude as long as the rotor is producing maximum torque. During this period rotor bar currents flow in such a manner that maximum current density occurs at the top of the rotor bars. As the rotor speed increases, the frequency of the induced rotor currents decreases and the current distribution in the rotor bars becomes more uniform.
Under certain conditions which are not completely understood, sparking occurs in squirrel cage rotors of induction motors embodying this type of rotor. Considerable study has been directed to the determination of the cause of the generation of sparks in the rotor of squirrel cage induction machines and one school of thought postulates that although rotor bars are thought to be contacted by each lamination forming the slot surrounding the rotor bar, such contact between rotor bar and successive laminations may not be perfect. As a result, small gaps between the rotor bar and surrounding laminations may exist where several successive rotor laminations may not make a good electrical contact with that particular portion of a rotor bar. It is believed that at these gaps, a sufficient EMF may be built up to cause a spark to occur across the gap even though the rotor bars effectively function as a short circuit. Another theory is the rotor bars have a limited amount of freedom to move and vibrate in the clearance provided in the slot causing a "make and break" contact between the punchings and the rotor bars as the bars move. It is during these conditions when the frequency of the induced EMF in the rotor is highest (i.e. locked rotor) that sparking seems to occur in the rotor.
It is to overcome the occurrence of sparking in squirrel cage rotors of induction motors that this application is primarily directed. However, the technique to be described is equally applicable to the amortisseur windings of synchronous DEM's to prevent amortisseur sparking during operation.

Spark suppression of induction type rotors of dynamoelectric machines


Embodiments for managing device trigger action requests are generally described herein. The device trigger action requests may include a recall or replacement Device-Action Request. In some embodiments, a Device-Action Request command is received at a network entry point node from an external services capability server with an action type attribute value pair set to indicate a device trigger action request for performing an action on an old device trigger request, the network entry point node determines a status of the old device trigger request from the external services capability server and the network entry point node sends a Device-Action Answer command to the external services capability server with a request-status type attribute value pair to report a status of the old device trigger request in response to the device trigger action request for performing an action on the old device trigger request.

With a wide range of potential applications, Machine Type Communication (MTC) or Machine to Machine (M2M) communication is gaining a tremendous interest among mobile network operators, equipment vendors, MTC specialist companies, and research bodies. The idea of M2M communications is to enable M2M components to be interconnected, networked, and controlled remotely with low-cost scalable and reliable technologies. M2M communication could be carried over mobile networks (e.g. GSM-GPRS, CDMA EVDO networks). In the M2M communication, the role of mobile network is largely confined to serve as a transport network.
An M2M device is capable of replying to request for data contained within those devices or capable of transmitting data autonomously. Sensors and communication devices are the endpoints of M2M applications.
Triggering of MTC devices is based on the use of an identifier identifying the MTC device that needs to be triggered. The MTC device trigger is used by the network to wake up the device, e.g., to initiate communications. A services capability server/application server (SCS/AS) may use a device trigger to send information to the user equipment (UE) via the third generation partnership project (3GPP) network to trigger the UE to perform application specific actions that include initiating communication with the services capability server (SCS) for the indirect model or an application server (AS) in the network for the hybrid model.
However, a UE may become temporarily unavailable to receive trigger messages, e.g., when the UE is out of coverage or is resource constrained, when the UE runs out of storage space, etc. In such cases, the network stores or en-queues the undelivered trigger messages for the same UE and re-attempts delivery at a later stage if the trigger validity period has not expired. Nevertheless, when a trigger is queued for delivery, the trigger may no longer be necessary or the trigger message itself may become redundant or irrelevant. For example, a stored trigger message that requests the UE to send smart meter billing data for 10 minutes may later be ineffective because 20 minutes of smart meter billing data may now be requested. A stored trigger message that requests the UE to establish a user plane communication link may become obsolete if the trigger message is queued for too long. Also, the SCS/AS may lose the context for the device trigger while the device trigger is queued. Further, if unnecessary triggers are delivered, then network resources are wasted and the network becomes inefficient.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Device trigger recall/replace feature for 3GPP/M2M systems


One embodiment of the disclosures made herein is a data processing system adapted for enabling at least one of presence and operating condition of system components installed in the data processing system to be monitored. Examples of presence include installed and uninstalled. Examples of operating conditions include temperature, voltage, current, duty-cycle, etc. The data processing system includes provides a user interface adapted for displaying a 1:1 mapped representation of the data processing system. Operating conditions of installed system components may be assessed via the user interface. A system component that is installed in its respective location in the data processing system (e.g., in a particular socket) is depicted in the 1:1 mapped representation of the data processing system as being installed in a corresponding location of the data processing system. After performing an operation for installing a particular system component in its respective location of the data processing system (e.g., adding additional memory in an empty memory slot), the user interface is updated automatically to depict the particular system component as being installed in a corresponding location in the 1:1 mapped representation of the data processing system. A displayed system component representation of a failed or failing system component may be highlighted in the user interface for aiding in identifying the failed of failing system component.

Information and the means to exchange information via computing technology have grown to be sophisticated and complex compared to the state of the art a mere 15 years ago. Today, computers have become critical to the efficient function and conduct of business in numerous sectors worldwide, ranging from governments to corporations and small businesses. The increasingly critical role of computing assets has, in turn, been the basis for concern from various sectors as to the reliability and manageability of computing assets.
System downtime events resulting from hardware problems result in considerable expense to businesses in the retail and securities industries, among others. Diagnosing and repairing a hardware-related problem within a system constitute a significant portion of the cost of system downtime. Furthermore, with networked applications taking on more essential business roles daily, the cost of system downtime will continue to grow.
Monitoring system components of a data processing system is known to aid in reducing downtime and, thus, costs associated with such downtime. Monitoring system components allows problems with components to be identified prior to a system component actually failing or to operation of the system component critically affecting performance of the data processing system. In conventional approaches for monitoring system components, it is known to present the user with a pictorial or simplified schematic view of the system for presenting status of temperature sensors, voltage sensors, fan speed sensors and the like. However, conventional approaches for monitoring system components have limitations associated with the manner in which information is presented.
One such limitation is that when presented with just the name of a failed or failing component (e.g., from a list of system components), it is often not obvious which specific system component is failed or failing upon opening the system's enclosure. Another such limitation is that it may still not be obvious which component is failed or failing in the case when a diagram (e.g., a schematic) is provided, but the diagram is not an accurate mapped representation of a respective portion of the actual data processing system. Still another such limitation is that inaccurate information is presented when a diagram used to depict a particular system is not automatically updated to recognize an added and/or removed system component.
Therefore, methods and equipment adapted for monitoring data processing system components in a manner that overcomes limitations associated with conventions approaches for monitoring data processing system components would be useful.

Method and equipment adapted for monitoring system components of a data processing system


A cannula includes a first clamping surface on a closing portion of the cannula, a second clamping surface on a base of a cannula, a connecting structure that connects the closing portion and the base. The connecting structure may allow the closing portion to be rotated around the second clamping surface. The cannula may include a repeatably removable handle.

Related technical fields include cannulas and clamping methods, including cannulas and clamping methods for perfusing one or more organs or tissue to monitor, treat, sustain and/or restore the viability of the organ(s) or tissue and/or for transporting and/or storing the organ(s) or tissue.
Various devices have been developed that couple the anatomy of an organ being perfused to a machine or other equipment such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,824,848, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Such devices are typically referred to as perfusion clamps or simply cannulas. Although the term cannula in general use has other meanings, the term cannula is used generically throughout this specification to refer to a clamp or other device that provides a connection through which fluid flow may be established.
A type of cannula as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,728,115 to Westcott et al., which is hereby incorporated by reference, is shown in FIGS. 1-3. A clamping device (cannula) 10 is used to couple a perfusion device to the renal aorta 34. The clamp 10 includes two longitudinal members 12 and 14 which pivot about a pin 16. The proximal end of the member 12 includes an integral handle 18, while the proximal end of the member 14 includes an integral handle 20. The distal end of the member 12 includes an elongated, hollow, annular, integral clamp head 24, while the distal end of the member 14 includes an elongated, hollow, annular, integral clamp head 26. Clamp head 26 includes a nipple 28 attached thereto. Movement of the handles 18 and 20 toward one another forces the members 12 and 14 to pivot about the pin 16, thereby forcing the clamp heads 24 and 26 of the members 12 and 14 away from one another. A spring 22 is positioned between the handles 18 and 20 in order to bias the handles apart. This, in turn, tends to force the clamp heads 24 and 26 together. Therefore, the clamp heads 24 and 26 of the distal ends of the members 12 and 14 are engaged in a clamping relationship unless an external compressive force is applied to the handles 18 and 20. A lumen 32 extends through the nipple 28.
In use, the clamp 10 is attached to a blood vessel of a donor organ such as the renal aorta 34 of a kidney 36 by opening the clamp 10, passing the distal end 38 of the renal aorta 34 through the annular clamp head 24, holding the distal end 38 of the renal aorta 34 over the annular clamp head 24, and releasing pressure on the handles of the clamp 10 in order to allow the clamp head 26 to engage the distal end 38 of the renal aorta 34 against the annular clamp head 24, A catheter 40 may then be attached to the nipple 28 in order to provide perfusion of liquid through the lumen 32 and into the renal aorta 34.


A hinge bar for the hinge assembly of a large motor vehicle's hood has a body with opposite ends, arms, curved end sections connecting the arms to the body at each end and hinge bar brackets extending from the arms. At least one ring is located between the midsection of the body and one of the opposite ends.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hinge bar used in the hinge assembly of a large forward tilt hood found on large motor vehicles, such as trucks and school buses.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Large motor vehicles, such as trucks and school buses, have large, bulky and heavy hoods attached to their cabs. A truck hood, for example, may weigh 150 pounds or more and can be difficult for a driver to lift without substantial effort on the part of the operator to open and close the hood.
The hoods are typically fastened at the front of the chassis using a front hood hinge and to the back of the cab using brackets. In many designs, the bulky hood opens to a vertical position by pivoting forward on the front hood hinge. The front hood hinge assembly must therefore support the weight of the heavy hood in the open position, while allowing the hood to pivot forward. One part of the hood hinge assembly is a hinge bar.
The prior art hinge bar shown in FIG. 11 has a number of problems. The hinge bar 126 has a straight rectangular body 128. A flat triangular bracket 130 abuts and fastens to the side at each end. The triangular brackets 130 in turn are used to fasten the hinge bar 126 to the right and left sides of a front reinforcement assembly. Circular rings fasten to the straight body. All parts must be carefully aligned or else the hinge bar will not fit the hood or the rest of the hinge assembly.
This straight design, however, does not work well for modern streamlined hoods. The modern hood and cab design is streamlined and curved, not only for aesthetics but also for reducing the drag on the vehicle to increase fuel economy. The streamlined design leaves less room under the hood.
The design of the hinge bar's straight body and triangular brackets does not allow a smooth fit into a curved front of the hood, if at all. If the curvature of the front end of the hood changes, the prior art hinge bar cannot easily accommodate the new design.
In addition, the prior art hinge bar has seven different parts that must be assembled by a worker. Assembling all these parts reduces efficiency and increases the chance of assembly error.
Therefore, there is a need for a hinge bar that will fit the streamlined, curved designs of the hood. In addition, the hinge bar should be easier to accurately assemble and to support other parts attached to it. The hinge bar should easily adapt to design changes in the hood and cab.

International Truck Intellectual PRoperty Company, LLC


The present invention provides a device for creating a photographing plan by extracting a changed point from target points to preferentially photograph the extracted point. The photographing plan creation device includes: a photographed data reception part for receiving a first photographed data photographed by a flying object; a change determination part for comparing the first photographed data to a second photographed data which is the past photographed data stored in an image data storage part; a priority setting part for setting the shooting priority based on the comparison result; a photographing possibility determination part for determining whether photography is possible at the observation time; a photographing plan creation part for creating a photographing plan based on the shooting priority and the photographing possibility determination; and a shooting command transmission part for converting the photographing plan to a command and transmitting the command to the flaying object.

The present invention relates to a device, program, and method for creating a photographing plan. More particularly, the present invention relates to a device, program, and method for creating a photographing plan to photograph a change in a traveling body or fixed body on the surface of the ground from a flying object.
Patent document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-061216) discloses a photographing plan creation system for automatically crating an effective photographing plan by automatically creating a photographing plan for a device for photographing along a predetermined fixed route so that the number of unallocated objects to be photographed is the minimum, to reduce the time for reviewing the unallocated objects to be photographed as well as the time for creating a photographing plan.

Photographing plan creation device and program and method for the same


A device to assist in the application of a sock or stocking onto the foot and ankle of the user. The device includes an elongated shell having first and second ends, a base and side walls wherein the shell is U-shaped in cross-section, the base and each of the side walls being substantially planar. Each of the side walls are characterized as having outwardly turned lips and the shell also includes an upwardly turned tongue element and a cord whose ends are affixed to the shell.

As noted previously, the present invention is intended to be used by those persons who would otherwise experience difficulties when bending down for putting on socks or stockings. In applying such articles of clothing, the user must bend the body until the foot is reached. Although this maneuver presents no real problem for those who are physically fit, for others such as those suffering from, for example, arthritis, sciatica, low back pain, as well as those who are overly obese or who are recovering from surgery to the spine and for normal, healthy women in the later stages of pregnancy, the ability to bend the required extent can prove to be a formidable task.
For those who are incapacitated, it is oftentimes necessary to seek the assistance of another in order to apply socks or stockings. However, a significant segment of the elderly and the infirm live alone and, without some type of assistance, the application of socks or stockings would otherwise prove to be impossible.
Although devices of this nature have been available for over twenty years, all such designs generally fall into two basic categories. The first category involves those devices which are composed of molded or hard plastic produced by an injection molding process. The second variety consists of a more flexible body generally in the form of a sheet of flexible polyethylene plastic.
The molded devices are virtually all of the same shape with only minor variations in accessories. These devices are semi-circular in cross-section with an opening for the foot to slip in. The sock is stretched over the molded device and held in place by a notch in the plastic or by a disk or wedge of foam that adds some resistance to prevent the sock from slipping off of the molded plastic body. A long rope or yarn with handles is attached to allow persons to control the plastic body without having to bend forward to bring their foot up to don the sock.
The flexible plastic sheet material constituting the second category of such devices also commonly uses a disk of foam or, in one case, terry cloth cover, to help hold the sock in place. When the sock is drawn onto the flexible sheet, the sheet bends to conform to the diameter of the sock and thus takes on a semi-circular shape. The flexible product also employs long-handled rope or yarn to facilitate application of the sock to the foot and ankle of the user. As such, once the sock is put onto the device, whether molded or of a flexible style, the foot is then placed into the curved body of the device and it, together with the sock is pulled up the leg. The device is then released by the user once the sock extends over the ankle.
As noted previously, all current designs are semi-circular in cross-section either by being molded as such or by assuming such a cross-section once the device, in the form of flexible sheeting material, is placed within the sock. All such prior art devices exhibit only marginal utility for the human foot, not being circular in shape, does not readily conform to such devices. In addition, existing designs do not accommodate even the average width foot let alone the wider or splayed foot. It has thus been observed that existing devices have always been made to fit a sock, but not the human foot.
In addition to the above, the use of notches or foam pads to help keep the sock in place on the device until it has been pulled into the foot and ankle of the user have proven to be problematic. The notch system serves to help hold the sock in place while it is pulled onto the device but does not serve a functional purpose once the sock is no longer gathered at the top of the device. Foam disks glued onto such devices tend to fall off with repeated use. Foam disks may also catch the sock or stocking and prevent them from being pulled to within reach.
It is thus an object of the present invention to provide a device having a unique configuration resulting in a product which more readily functions to capture a sock or stocking, apply the sock or stocking to the foot and ankle of the user and release from the sock or stocking once the application of the sock or stocking has been completed.
These and further objects of the present invention will be more readily appreciated when considering the following disclosure and appended drawings.

Sock or stocking application device and method of use


A technique is provided for measuring attitude of an aerial vehicle without using a highly accurate IMU. A total station (TS) for tracking a UAV includes a laser scanner. The laser scanner is made to emit laser scanning light to the UAV that is flying. The UAV has four identifiable targets, and identification and locating of the four targets are performed by means of laser scanning. The attitude of the UAV is calculated on the basis of the locations of the four targets.

The present invention relates to a technique for measuring attitude of an aerial vehicle.
A technique using laser scanning that is performed from an aerial vehicle may require information of both location and attitude of the aerial vehicle. The aerial vehicle may be, for example, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The requirement may also apply to aerial photogrammetry using a UAV. Accurate information of attitude can be obtained by using a highly accurate inertial measurement unit (IMU), as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-241409. However, such a highly accurate IMU is normally expensive, large, and heavy. A UAV has an advantage of being useable at a low cost, but the UAV has a limit in volume and weight of on-board equipment. From this point of view, measuring attitude of a UAV by a highly accurate IMU is not practical.

Data processing device, data processing method, and data processing program


A bone access instrument comprising a shaft having a first shaft portion and a second shaft portion. The first shaft portion has a first diameter, a distal end, and at least one cutting edge formed on the distal end. The second shaft portion has a second diameter and a tapered distal end. The second diameter is less than the first diameter, and the second shaft portion extends axially from the distal end of the first shaft portion.

The spinal column of bones, or spine, is highly complex in that it includes over twenty vertebral bones, called vertebrae, coupled to one another so as to support the body and to house and protect critical elements of the nervous system. In addition, the spine is a highly flexible structure, capable of a high degree of curvature and twist in multiple directions. The most flexible of all the regions of the spine is the cervical spine. The bones and connective tissue of an adult human spine are coupled sequentially to one another by a tri joint complex which consists of an anterior disc and the two posterior facet joints. The vertebral bodies of the vertebrae are separated and cushioned by soft yet resilient spacers referred to as intervertebral discs. The vertebral bones of the spine are classified as cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral, and defining vertebral levels, e.g. L3 for the third lumbar vertebral level. The cervical portion of the spine, which comprises the upper portion of the spine up to the base of the skull, includes the first seven vertebrae. The twelve intermediate bones comprise the thoracic vertebrae, and connect to the lower spine which comprises the five lumbar vertebrae. The base of the spine is the sacral bones (including the coccyx).
Genetic or developmental irregularities, trauma, chronic stress, tumors, and disease, such as osteoporosis or degenerative disc disease (DDD), are a few of the causes which can result in spinal pathologies for which treatment procedures and assemblies have been disclosed in the art. These procedures and assemblies may be classified as anterior, posterior, or lateral. As the classification suggests, posterior procedures and assemblies are either attached to, or access to the vertebral bodies is achieved from, the back of the spinal column (transpedicular) or the side of the spinal column (extrapedicular). Such procedures and assemblies may include, by way of example, immobilization (fusion) of multiple vertebrae with instruments, such as rods and screws, introduction of balloon-expandable stents into one or more vertebral bodies to restore the loss of height of fractured vertebral bodies, or the introduction of bone cement into one or more vertebral bodies to fix and stabilize traumatic, osteoporotic and pathological fractures of the vertebral bodies and thus relieve pain. In each case, the hard cortical bone is penetrated to gain access to the vertebral body cavity via a surgical instrument.
The typical vertebra includes two parts: an anterior (or front) segment, which is the vertebral body; and a posterior (or back) segment called the vertebral (neural) arch, which encloses the vertebral opening where the spinal cord is housed. The vertebral arch is formed by a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes, four articular, two transverse, and one spinous. The pedicles are two relatively short, thick processes, which project dorsally (e.g., sideways) one on either side, from the upper part of the vertebral body at the junction of the posterior and lateral surfaces of the vertebral body. The pedicles function to connect the vertebral body to the vertebral arch. The pedicles are often used as a radiographic marker and entry point in a variety of spinal surgical procedures, and include a relatively thick layer of dense and hard cortical bone to provide structural strength to the vertebral arch.
A trend in spinal surgery is to perform surgery in a minimally invasive or minimal access fashion to avoid the considerable trauma of so-called open or "direct access" procedures that require large incisions to lay bare the lesion space to be treated. While significant strides are being made in this area of minimal invasive surgery (MIS) and percutaneous procedures, a risk exists (as it does in open procedures) that the pedicle may become breached, cracked, or otherwise compromised during a procedure. One period during a posterior procedure in which the risk of a pedicle breach is significant is during the process of initially accessing the pedicle.
Options for achieving initial access to a pedicle include the use of a guide wire, such as a Kirschner wire (or K-wire), or a trocar, by way of example. Each implement has its advantages and disadvantages. With respect to use of a K-wire, which is typically made from heavily cold drawn high-strength implant steel (such as 316L), this procedure includes inserting the K-wire to the target site and driving the K-wire into the pedicle, creating a guide for larger caliber instruments to slide on, such as a cannula or cannulated trocar. The main advantage of any K-wire is its relatively small diameter, typically in the range of 0.8-2.4 mm, that allow safe and easy repositioning in case of initial misplacement, however slight, by retracting the K-wire back to the bony surface, re-adjusting its angle of introduction, and piercing the cortical bone another time, taking a new and different trajectory through the pedicle (typically under the mandatory guidance of C-Arm X-ray fluoroscopy). While surgical procedures in the lumbar or thoracic spine call for K-wire diameters in the 2 mm range, cervical spine procedures call for K-wire diameters in the 1 mm range, due to the smaller dimensions of most features of the cervical vertebrae. The pedicle has been left relatively undamaged due to the small diameter of the K-wire. Due to the size and shape of the typical K-wire, notably the absence of any handle affixed to its proximal end, manipulation and maneuvering of the K-wire may be cumbersome or difficult, increasing the risk of breaching the anterior cortical wall, nerves, or large blood vessels (e.g., the aorta and the vena cava). Especially when guiding larger caliber instruments, such as a cannula or a cannulated trocar over the K-wire, the relatively large surface area between the outer diameter of the K-wire and the inner diameters of the larger caliber tubular instruments often leads to frictional resistance in pushing the entire instrument assembly further distally, or anteriorly, towards the vertebral body, increasing the risk of inadvertently pushing the K-wire forward towards the anterior wall of the vertebral body. This risk is exasperated when the K-wire is not straight anymore, but slightly bent inside the cannulated instruments sliding on the K-wire. On the other hand, K-wires have also been known to protrude posteriorly out of the larger caliber tubular instruments and pierce the surgeon's surgical gloves, potentially injuring or infecting the surgeon.
A trocar has the advantage of being a one-step system and having its metal shaft affixed to an ergonomic plastic handle. However, because of its relatively larger diameter, more force is generally required to cause the trocar to pierce the cortical wall of the vertebral body, especially the pedicle that represents the longest distance of dense bone to go through (typically in a range of 2-50 mm, depending on the vertebral level) and is considered to be the strongest part of the vertebra. As such, a risk exists of breaking too much cortical bone (e.g., high risk of damaging or destroying the pedicle) when attempting to have the large caliber trocar eventually reach the cancellous bone inner region of the vertebral body and position any cannula or working sleeve for implant delivery. The risk of pedicle damage is exasperated when the user is trying to re-adjust the trajectory of the trocar either while the trocar is in the pedicle or by retracting the trocar to the bony surface, then re-adjusting the angle (typically under the guidance of C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy) before embarking on the new trajectory through the pedicle. Also, when the piercing tip of the trocar breaks through the cortical wall, resistance to penetration suddenly significantly decreases and the tip may breach the anterior cortical wall or damage the pedicle and/or adjacent nerves or blood vessels.
Another known surgical technique is the Jamshidi bone marrow biopsy technique, which uses special instruments called Jamshidi needles to pierce a cortical bone and to extract bone marrow from the bone. Jamshidi needles have found wide use in other surgical techniques, such as pedicle screw placement, for example.
Jamshidi needles may be used to locate the pedicle and the screw entry point and to break the cortex of the pedicle. A K-wire may be inserted through the Jamshidi hollow needle into the pedicle and the vertebral body, the Jamshidi needle acting as a guide tube for the K-wire. Cannulated screws can then be inserted over the K-wire safely, the K-wire acting as a guide wire for the cannulated screws. In the cervical spine lateral mass screws or hooks are more common, because pedicle screw placement in the cervical spine is challenging. The pedicles are rather narrow and therefore landmark identification and visualization is challenging when inserting pedicle screws. Different techniques can be used for pedicle screw placement in the cervical spine. Techniques are going from K-wire placement first under fluoroscopic control, to direct drilling with or without navigation. Due to the small screw diameter, the possible cannulation of the screw is rather small, and therefore the K-wire used typically has a small diameter as well. K-wires with small diameters bend easily and are difficult to guide. If the K-wires are bent, there is an increased risk of pushing the K-wire forward too much with the following surgical steps.
As an alternative technique pedicle probes and drills can be used. But because bigger diameters probes and drills are used and the pedicles are rather narrow in the cervical spine, this is very demanding without navigation.
In the lumbar and thoracic spine Jamshidi needles are often used to prepare the pedicle prior to screw insertion or vertebral augmentation procedures such as bone cement vertebroplasty, balloon kyphoplasty, or vertebral body stenting. Due to the narrow pedicles in the cervical spine the Jamshidi needles bear the risk of destroying the pedicle when pushing the Jamshidi needle into the bone. If an asymmetrical (e.g. beveled) tip is used, the Jamshidi needle also tends to go to the side and may over penetrate or penetrate out of the pedicle.


Behind a slidable end sealing member 3c, there is provided a liquid-absorbing element M which has a liquid-holding function so as to absorb and hold a liquid L flowing out from the end sealing member 3c when the end sealing member passes over a bypass portion 6. As this liquid-absorbent element M, such as a disk-like element D and a cylindrical element R, are typically impregnated with a water-holding and liquid-absorbing accelerator to enhance a leak preventing effect and with an antimicrobial active agent to enhance hygiene.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a syringe with a liquid leak preventing mechanism, and specifically to a mechanism for preventing liquid leaking from syringe.
2. Description of Related Art
In a two-ingredient type pre-filled syringe charged with a predetermined medicine and a liquid such as its dissolution liquid, its dispersing liquid or other medicinal liquids in separated states, of the disposable type syringes previously filled with a medicine, so-called pre-filled syringes, conventionally as exemplified in FIG. 10, there has been known in Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-14465 a syringe having a construction such that an end sealing member 32 is inserted through a rear end opening into a cylindrical receptacle or barrel 31 provided at its leading end portion with a mounting portion for a needle. The barrel 31 has an intermediate sealing member 33 arranged therein so as to be slidable in a longitudinal or axial direction and to have a first chamber 34 on the leading end side and a second chamber 35 on the rear end side, divided therein to receive a medicine P and a dissolution liquid L within the respective chambers, and with its leading end portion closed by a cap 37.
This one type has such a construction that the first chamber 34, on the leading end side ahead of the intermediate slidable sealing member 33, has a bypass portion, usually an outwardly protruded bypass channel 36, arranged in the side wall of the barrel 31. At the time of use, the intermediate sealing member 33 is advanced together with the liquid L within the second chamber 35 by pushing the end sealing member 32 by means of a rod as shown in FIG. 11, and the liquid L within the second chamber 35 is made to flow into the first chamber 34 through the bypass channel 36 when the intermediate sealing member 33 reaches the channel 36. As shown in FIG. 12, subsequently thereto, the intermediate sealing member 33 is pushed by the leading end of the end sealing member 32 to perform the dissolution, the dispersion or the mixing within the first chamber 34, and then the liquid is pushed out of the leading end.
Since the end sealing member passes the bypass portion, the liquid remaining in the bypass portion leaks behind the end sealing member. Therefore, a mechanism for preventing a liquid leak outside of the syringe, by arranging a partition plate behind the end sealing member was proposed in Japanese Patent Publication (unexamined) No. 62-14863.
In this method, however, a low-viscosity medicinal liquid, a small surface-tension liquid and the like happen to pass through a gap between the partition plate provided in the plunger rod and the barrel inner wall, and it is apprehended that the medicinal liquid remaining in the partition plate flows out when the plunger rod is removed from the syringe for fractional scrapping.
Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide a syringe with a liquid leak preventing mechanism which is capable of preventing a medicinal liquid from passing out through a gap between a receptacle or barrel inner wall and a partition plate and also from flowing out when a plunger rod is dismounted from the syringe for fractional scrapping.


A method for manufacturing a recording head with integrally housed functional elements includes the steps of:. (a) providing a plurality of base members each having a single-crystal semiconductor layer thereon, PA0 (b) bonding the single-crystal semiconductor layers of the plurality of base members to the surface of a common substrate in a face-to-face state, PA0 (c) removing the plurality of base members such that the single-crystal semiconductor layers remain on the common substrate, and PA0 (d) forming semiconductor functional elements on the common substrate while forming an electrothermal transducer serving to generate thermal energy on the common substrate using the single-crystal semiconductor layers.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a thermal head or an ink jet recording head. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a lengthy recording head with integrally housed semiconductor functional elements comprising diodes, transistors, or the like.
2. Related Background Art
There is known an ink jet recording head provided with a transistor integrally housed therein as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,429,321.
This ink jet recording head is of the constitution shown in FIG. 16. FIG. 16 is a schematic cross section view illustrating the constitution of the ink jet recording head.
In FIG. 16, numeral reference 801 stands for the entire element bearing member provided with transistors 810. On the element bearing member 801, there is disposed a top plate member 829 capable of serving to form an ink discharging outlet 823, a liquid pathway 822 and a common liquid chamber 824. Numeral reference 808 stands for an ink feed pipe connected to the common liquid chamber 824.
The element bearing member 801 comprises a p-type semiconductor region 815 and an n.sup.- -type semiconductor region 819 disposed on the p-type semiconductor region 815. Numeral reference 830 stands for an isolation region which serves to isolate the n.sup.- -type semiconductor region 819 from the constituent n.sup.- -type semiconductor region 825 as a highly resistive layer of the transistor 810. The isolation region 830 is comprised of a potion extending from the p-type semiconductor region 815.
The transistor 810 comprises a collector region comprising said highly resistive layer 825, an n.sup.+ -type semiconductor layer region 828-2, an embedded layer region 828-1, a p-type base region 826, and an n.sup.+ -type emitter region 827.
On the surface side of the element bearing member 801, there are provided a heat accumulating layer 818, a heat generating resistive layer 820, a common electrode 809, an individual electrode 811, a base electrode 813, an emitter electrode 814, an insulating layer 817, and a protective layer 821. Numeral reference 805 stands for an electrothermal transducer provided with a heat generating portion 812.
In the recording head shown in FIG. 16, when a signal is inputted into the base electrode 813 of the transistor 810, the transistor is turned on to allow an electric current to flow in the heat generating resistive layer 820. Thus, heat is transferred to ink in the liquid pathway 822 through the heat generating portion 812 to create at least a bubble due to evaporation of the ink, wherein ink is discharged through the ink discharging outlet 823 by the pressure of the bubble created.
The recording head shown in FIG. 16 is fabricated in the following manner. That is, the embedded layer region 828-1 is firstly formed on a p-type single-crystal member capable of serving as the p-type semiconductor region 815 by means of a conventional ion implantation technique, followed by forming an n.sup.- -type epitaxial layer by way of epitaxial growth. The isolation region 830 is then formed by incorporating a p-type impurity into the corresponding portion of the n.sup.- -type epitaxial layer by means of vapor-phase diffusion technique, whereby (a) an n.sup.- -type epitaxial layer region to be the n.sup.- -type semiconductor region 819 and (b) another n.sup.- -type epitaxial layer region to be the highly resistive layer 825, which are isolated by the isolation region 830 one from another, are established. The base region 826 is formed by implanting boron ions into the corresponding portion of the n.sup.- -type epitaxial layer region (b) by means of ion implantation technique. The emitter region 827 is formed by implanting phosphorous ions into the corresponding portion of the base region 826 formed in the above by means of ion implantation technique. The n.sup.+ -type semiconductor layer region 828-2 which serves as the collector is formed by implanting phosphorous ions into the corresponding portion of the n.sup.- -type epxitaxial layer region (b) by ion implantation technique.
Subsequently, a silicon oxide layer as the heat accumulating layer 818 is formed by means of thermal oxidation technique. A hafnium boride layer as the heat generating resistance layer 820 is then formed by means of a sputtering technique. Thereafter, electrodes 809, 811, 813 and 814 respectively comprised of aluminum are formed respectively by means of a sputtering technique.
The recording head shown in FIG. 16 is fabricated by fixing the top plate member 829 to the element bearing member 801 obtained in the above as illustrated in FIG. 16.
Now, there is an increased demand for reduction in the production cost as for a recording head of this kind. Particularly, as for the active element used in the circuit which drives the electrothermal transducer serving as the heater for discharging ink, the production cost becomes unavoidably high in the case where an integrated circuit (IC) is externally disposed. In order to attain the reduction in the production cost, it is desirable to integrate such element with the element bearing member in which the electrothermal transducer is to be formed as in the case of the recording head shown in FIG. 16.
However, in order to accomplish such integration as desired without reduction in the characteristics required, it is necessary to use a high quality semiconductor.
As long as a small-sized recording head which can be fabricated using a single-crystal silicon wafer is concerned, it is possible to provide at a relatively low production cost such small-sized recording head capable of displaying a sufficient performance even if it is of the constitution shown in FIG. 16.
The constitution shown in FIG. 16 is, however, almost impossible to be applied in the fabrication of a lengthy recording head having a wide ink discharging outlet surface equivalent to the width of a large-sized recording medium, for example, of A-4 size. This is due to the fact that a commercially available single-crystal silicon wafer is a disc of 6 to 8 inches in diameter and because of this, it is impossible to attain the fabrication of such lengthy recording head as above mentioned using such small-sized single-crystal silicon wafer.
In view of the above situation, the conventional lengthy recording head is structured as shown in FIG. 17. The recording head shown in FIG. 17 comprises a head 852 comprising a thin film resistor formed on a glass substrate which serves as the heat generating portion and a plurality of external functional elements (switching transistors in other words) 850 respectively comprising an IC, wherein the head 852 and the plurality of functional elements 850 are disposed on a common supporting member 854 made of Al for example, and each of the plurality of functional elements 850 is electrically connected to the head 852 by means of a wire 853 for example.
There is also a problem as for the lengthy recording head of the constitution shown in FIG. 17 that the production cost becomes unavoidably high since numerous expensive ICs are used.
In addition, as the thin film semiconductor element in the prior art, there is no choice but to use a limited base member such as a member comprising a so-called SOS (silicon-on-sapphire) or a member comprising a so-called SIMOX which has an insulating region comprising silicon oxide in a semiconductor wafer, and because of this, it is almost impossible to provide a recording head at a reduced production cost.
Thus, there is an increased demand for provision of an appropriate method which makes it possible to efficiently fabricate not only a desirable lengthy recording head but also an improved recording head having highly functional semiconductor elements integrally housed therein at a reduced production cost.

Method for manufacturing a recording head with integrally housed semiconductor functional elements


The present invention discloses a method, a device, a computer program and a system for detecting the arrival in the elevator car/departure from the elevator car of elevator passengers. In the method the vertical acceleration values of the elevator car are received from the acceleration sensor and the passengers arriving in the elevator car and/or leaving the elevator car are detected on the basis of the vertical acceleration measurements of the acceleration sensor.

It is essential from the standpoint of the efficient use of elevator systems in buildings to know the passenger flows inside the building and how many passengers are in the elevator cars in different operating situations. More particularly information about passengers arriving in the elevator cars and exiting from them on each landing gives detailed information about the passenger flows of the buildings, from which it is possible to compile, among other things, statistics for evaluating and for improving the efficiency of the use of the elevator systems. By means of statistics it is also possible to estimate the service need of elevator systems and to prepare forecasts of the numbers of passengers to be served. Up-to-date information about the numbers of passengers in elevator cars can, for its part, be utilized in different operating situations, such as e.g. in interruptions to the operation of the elevator. As a result of the advantages to be achieved, the need for measuring passenger flows often becomes a issue to address when modernizing old elevator systems and/or when installing a condition monitoring system in an elevator system, in connection with which it is desired to integrate the monitoring of passenger traffic.
The movement of elevator passengers into the elevator car and out of the elevator car is in prior art determined by using door photoelectric cells for detecting the movement of people or by measuring the load of the elevator car by means of a so-called car load weighing device e.g. during a stop of the elevator. The separating capability of a photoelectric cell is however limited in peak-traffic situations, especially if there is simultaneous traffic in both directions at the doors. When using load information, the load of the elevator at the time of stopping, at the time of starting, and the smallest load during the time between these, has been measured. From these results the number of incoming and outgoing passengers has been calculated utilizing the average weight of a passenger. In the method it is assumed that all the exiting passengers leave the car before the incoming passengers step into the car, which does not correspond to the real situation. The divergences of the weight of actual people and the weight of a normalized elevator passenger also cause an inaccuracy.
One prior-art solution is disclosed in patent application EP0528188, in which the arrival in the car and departure of passengers is detected from changes occurring in the signal of the car load weighing device. The method improves the method presented above that is based on the signal of the load weighing device but is however imprecise owing to the inaccuracy of the signal of the load weighing device and the limited frequency response of the car load weighing device. More particularly the solution is difficult to implement when modernizing elevators because connecting to the load-weighing signal can be awkward or the elevator car totally lacks a car load weighing device.
An acceleration sensor can be used in an elevator system for many kinds of measurements. For example, the acceleration of the elevator car can be monitored with an acceleration sensor. From the measurements given by from the sensor it is possible to calculate, in addition to acceleration, e.g. the position of the elevator in the elevator shaft and the stopping accuracy of the elevator floor by floor. Overall a very comprehensive view of the operation of the whole elevator can be formed from the measurement results of the acceleration sensor. One possible embodiment of an acceleration sensor in connection with elevator systems is to detect the arrival/departure of passengers into the elevator car/out of the elevator car by means of an acceleration sensor fixed to the elevator car.
Acceleration measurement in itself is not usually adequate as a basis for signal processing, but instead generally it is necessary to integrate in order to ascertain more accurate results. In this case so-called bias problems (deviations) caused by installation errors of the sensor are inevitably encountered. Bias problems are caused by, among other things, the acceleration sensor never being in practice fully perpendicular with respect to the direction of movement to be measured. In addition, if the acceleration sensor is installed on the roof of the elevator, it inclines dynamically with the car as the loading of the car changes. FIG. 1 illustrates one such situation.
In FIG. 1 the elevator is standing at a floor with passengers exiting and arriving in the car. The upper curve in FIG. 1 presents a situation in which the acceleration as such is integrated into speed v(t) and speed, for its part, into position x(t).
                                          v                                      (              t              )                                =                                                    v                0                            +                                                ∫                                      T                    0                                    T                                                                                a                                                              (                      t                      )                                                                                ⅆ                    t                                                                        ≈                                          ∑                                  k                  =                  1                                N                                                                            a                                                        (                    k                    )                                                                  Δ                                                                                t                                                                                x                                      (              t              )                                =                                                    x                0                            +                                                ∫                                      T                    0                                    T                                                                                v                                                              (                      t                      )                                                                                ⅆ                    t                                                                        ≈                                          ∑                                  k                  =                  1                                N                                                                            v                                                        (                    k                    )                                                                  Δ                                                                                t                                                                        (        1        )            where v0=0, x0=0, T0=the moment when the door is open and passengers are able to move and T is the moment in time when the closing stage of the door starts, Δt is the discrete interval (sampling interval) and N is the number of samples.
As is seen from FIG. 1, the error caused by the inclination of the car accumulates in the integration, in which case speed and position "escape" uncontrollably. It is possible to attempt to improve the situation with the fact that the speed of the car at the start and at the end of the loading cycle is zero:
                                                        v              ⋒                                                  (              t              )                                =                                                    ∫                                  T                  0                                T                                                                            a                                                        (                    t                    )                                                                                ⅆ                  t                                                      ≈                                          ∑                                  k                  =                  1                                N                                                                            a                                                        (                    k                    )                                                                  Δ                                                                                t                                                                                a              _                        b                    =                                                                      v                  ⋒                                                                  (                  T                  )                                            -              0                                      T              -                              T                0                                                                                v                                      (              t              )                                =                                                    ∫                                  T                  0                                T                                                                            (                                                            a                                                                    (                        t                        )                                                                                -                                                                  a                        _                                            b                                                        )                                                                  ⅆ                  t                                                      ≈                                          ∑                                  k                  =                  1                                N                                                                            (                                                            a                                                                    (                        k                        )                                                              -                                                                  a                        _                                            b                                                        )                                                Δ                                                                                t                                                                                x                                      (              t              )                                =                                                    ∫                                  T                  0                                T                                                                            v                                                        (                    t                    )                                                                                ⅆ                  t                                                      ≈                                          ∑                                  k                  =                  1                                N                                                                            v                                                        (                    k                    )                                                                  Δ                                                                                t                                                                        (        2        )
The above integrates at first the measured acceleration for calculating the speed {circumflex over (v)}(t), the average error āb for acceleration is calculated from the final error of speed (the end condition of integration is that the speed of the car must be zero). With this term the speed v(t) and finally the position x(t) are integrated again from the corrected acceleration. From the lower curve of FIG. 1 it is seen that the situation improves slightly, but not however sufficiently. The deviations in the position of the car produced by the passengers are generally of the order of magnitude of hundreds of micrometers and at their maximum of some millimeters. In the lower curve of FIG. 1 the calculated deviation of the car is approx. 50 mm. On the basis of FIG. 1 it is seen that the deviations in the position of the car produced by the passengers are lost in the errors caused by inclination of the car and reliable detection of the passengers from a signal thus corrected is very problematic.


Ports at which a cell served by a local powergrid is to be modeled are designated on a selected metal layer N-levels down from the topmost metal layer of the local powergrid. The cell is modeled at the designated ports, excluding any metal layers above the selected metal layer. Any metal layers of the local powergrid above the selected metal layer are included as part of a model of the global powergrid, rather than as part of the local powergrid, and a hierarchical powergrid analysis is performed.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to performing powergrid analysis, and more particularly to choosing port locations for hierarchical powergrid analysis.
2. Description of the Related Art
Performing electromigration (EM) risk and voltage (IR) drop analyses of a full-chip powergrid are important steps in designing modern processors and other semiconductor devices. Many of these semiconductor devices, however, have so many circuit elements that including every circuit element in a full powergrid analysis can be impractical. To address this issue, circuit designers sometimes employ hierarchical powergrid analysis.
In hierarchical powergrid analysis, a semiconductor device's powergrid is divided into a global grid and a number of local grids, with each local grid providing power and/or signal routing internally to respective circuit portions of the semiconductor device. Both the global and local grids are generally designed to be constructed from metal layers during the semiconductor fabrication process. The metal layers forming the local grids (usually the lower metal layers) are used to interconnect groups of circuit elements in a particular area, and to provide internal power and signal routing within the group of circuit elements. The metal layers forming the global grids (usually the higher metal layers) connect the local grids and are used to provide inter-group signal and power connections.
Since a large part of the complexity involved in hierarchical powergrid analysis lies in the circuit portions served by local powergrids, the local powergrids are analyzed first. Each local analysis is generally performed by fixing one or more sites on the highest metal layer of a respective local powergrid to use as ports for connecting the local powergrid to the lowest metal layer of the global powergrid. Since powergrids are traditionally designed without ports to connect local and global powergrids, ports are defined based on local cell placement coordinates and orientation of the local cells, which implies that the highest metal of the local powergrid and the lowest metal of the powergrid will be touching at those points.
Each of the circuit portions is characterized at respective ports to obtain reduced complexity models of the circuit portions, e.g. cells served by the local powergrid. These models also usually take into account the local powergrid itself. The reduced-complexity model of each local cell is then incorporated into the global powergrid at the ports, and a global powergrid analysis is performed.
A drawback of some conventional hierarchical analysis techniques is that if a designer performs a global powergrid analysis during earlier stages of the design cycle, the exact location of the ports between the local and global powergrids may not have been fixed yet. Choosing the port locations for hierarchical powergrid analysis effectively fixes the ports at the chosen locations. Consequently, an inopportune selection of port locations can have adverse consequences on the overall circuit design, and any changes to the global powergrid design that might affect the location of the ports become problematic.

N-level down hierarchical powergrid analysis


A LED dimming circuit is provided. The LED dimming circuit has an LED driver, an LED dimmer, and at least one LED light source. A resistor is connected between a dimming control output of the LED dimmer and dimming control input of the LED dimmer. The LED dimming circuit may optionally include a fluorescent slide dimmer. The fluorescent slide dimmer may have a first connection to the dimming control input of the LED dimmer and a second connection to a circuit common of the LED dimmer. A method of providing an LED dimming circuit for dimming at least one LED light source using a fluorescent dimmer is also provided.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains generally to a LED dimming circuit, and more particularly to a LED dimming circuit for use with a fluorescent dimmer.
2. Description of the Related Art
LED dimming circuits often use a potentiometer to effectuate dimming of an LED light source. The potentiometer may be actuated by a user to vary the characteristics of power being supplied to the LED light source in order to alter the light output of the LED light source.


An apparatus for controlling blending of a gas mixture containing known components, including first, second, and third control valves for controlling the flow of first, second, and third components, respectively, a first gas density sensor to measure the density of a first mixture of the first and second components, a second gas density sensor to measure the density of a second mixture of the first mixture and the third component, and a controller to determine based on data from the first and second gas density sensors the relative compositions of the first, second, and third components in the second mixture, and to control the first, second, and third control valves to obtain a desired relative composition of the first, second, and third components in the second mixture.

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method of measuring a gas mixture composition, including mixtures having more than two components.
A thermal conductivity based sensor can be used as a binary gas mixture analyzer. For example, because hydrogen has a larger thermal conductivity than nitrogen, a thermal conductivity analyzer can be used to measure the composition of nitrogen-hydrogen gas mixture.
Infrared or laser measurement techniques, or gas chromatography, can be used to measure gas composition of gas mixture that contains more than two components. But these methods are expensive and most of time a pump and/or sampling system is needed to get the gas sample for analysis. And, the equipment usually needs a large floor area or special protection and maintenance.
Sometimes, to measure the composition of gas mixture that has more than two components, various technologies can be combined into one analysis unit to measure concentration of each component.
Long-time reliability, expensive equipment, frequent maintenance, and safety considerations are the main issues in the measurement of composition of gas mixture. Also, if the pump or sampling system is needed, usually the response time is relatively long and cannot meet the requirements in some applications.
Gas density sensors are used to measure composition of binary gas mixture. In one example, a gas density sensor to continuously measure the gas density of natural gas to predict the potential heating value of the specific natural gas flow, but not to determine the composition.
At present, use of a gas density sensor to measure gas composition is limited to binary gas mixture, and not to measure the composition of a gas mixture that contains more than two components. For example, density, pressure, and temperature sensors are currently being used in the heat treating industry to measure the furnace atmosphere (N2-H2 mixture) in sintering furnaces. However, this application, using the gas density sensor to measure the composition of the already-mixed gas mixtures, can only be possible for binary gas mixture.

Method and apparatus for using a gas density sensor to control gas mixture composition


A power input flange is fixed to the tip of a power input shaft whose diameter increases in steps from a tip thereof along a main body thereof and which is supported within a casing, and a power output disk is supported upon the outer peripheral surface of the power input shaft. A power input disk is supported upon the outer peripheral surface of the power input shaft between the power input flange and the power output disk, and a power roller is provided which is contacted at a variable inclination with both the power input disk and the power output disk. A member which biases the power input disk in the direction of the power output disk is supported upon the power input flange. And the power input flange is supported via a radial bearing upon the outer peripheral surface of a tubular shaped support portion which projects inwards from the casing. By this, the diameter of the support portion is increased as compared with the case in which the power input shaft is directly supported by the casing. By this structure it is possible to increase the strength of the support portion and make the casing more compact, and also the supply of lubricating oil to the biasing member is facilitated.

A toroidal type continuously variable transmission is a continuously variable transmission with which the speed change ratio between the power input shaft and the power output shaft can be continuously varied, and a structure therefor is disclosed, for example, in Tokkai Hei 7-243499 published by the Japanese Patent Office in 1995.
In this transmission, a power input disk and a power output disk are supported by radial bearings on the outer surface of the power input shaft, and a plurality of power rollers are arranged in a toroidally shaped space which is defined between these two disks. The power output disk is fitted loose on the power input shaft so as to be free to rotate relative to the power input shaft, but its axial displacement is limited by a bearing. The power input disk is also fitted loose on the power input shaft, but when the power input shaft rotates, cam rollers exerts axial pressure on the power input shaft towards the power output shaft, by which the power rollers are squeezed between the power input and output disks, and due to this axial pressure the input disk rotates together with the power input shaft.
The power rollers are rotated by the rotation of the power input disk and their rotation is transmitted to the power output disk. The power rollers can be inclined via trunnions to any desired angle in the interior of the toroidal space, and, according to this angle of inclination, the rotational speed ratio between the power output disk and the power input disk can be altered as desired by change of the contact positions of the power rollers with these disks.
In this transmission, various members such as the power input disk, the power output disk, the cam rollers and so on are housed within a casing while in a state of being loaded upon the outer surface of the power input shaft. Further, conventionally, the tip of the power input shaft is supported via a radial bearing in a tubular shaped support portion which is formed in the casing.
Since it is necessary to load the various parts onto the power input shaft, it is necessary for the diameter of this power input shaft to be reduced in steps towards its tip, and thus its tip, which is supported in the aforesaid radial bearing, has the smallest diameter of any portion thereof.
For this reason, in this transmission, in order to ensure adequate support force for the tip portion of the power input shaft in the radial direction, it is necessary to make the length in the axial direction of this bearing large, and it is inevitable that this will cause increase in the size of the transmission.
Further, since the support strength of this relatively small diameter tubular shaped support portion tends to be low, it can easily be deformed by loads which act upon the power input shaft. However, if this tubular shaped support portion is even a little deformed, the power input shaft may become tilted with respect to the power input disk or to the power output disk, and this is a primary factor leading to the generation of vibration and noise.
Since the power input shaft supplies lubricating oil to the cam rollers which generate a high thrust force, it is formed to be hollow. However, even if this hollow portion has an opening at the tip of the power input shaft, since the tip portion of the power input shaft is inserted into the inside of the tubular shaped support portion, the opening is undesirably blocked by the tubular shaped support portion, and it is difficult to provide an oil conduit from this opening to arrive at the cam faces of the cam rollers.
For this reason, the structure of the supply conduit for the lubricating oil to the cam rollers inevitably becomes complicated.

Toroidal type continuously variable transmission


A power connection structure of a mobile terminal, includes: a battery detachably mounted to a battery mounting portion of a mobile terminal body, wherein terminal groups, each including a plurality of terminals, are disposed at a predetermined interval; a plurality of terminal assemblies including a plurality of terminals and mounted corresponding to the predetermined interval so as to respectively contact with the terminal groups of the battery; and a receptacle positioned between the terminal assemblies. Accordingly, a region where constituent elements for power supply are installed is minimized, and a size of the mobile terminal may be reduced.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile terminal, and particularly, to a power connection structure of a mobile terminal capable of reducing a size of the mobile terminal by minimizing a region where constituent elements for power supply are installed.
2. Description of the Background Art
A mobile terminal is a communication device which permits the voice transmission and reception with an other party anywhere while a user portably carries it along. With the development of information and communication technologies, such a mobile terminal has functions of message transmission/reception to/from an other party, Internet access and TV reception. Besides, the mobile terminal is provided with a camera to capture a still image or a moving image, and sends/receives the captured images to/from the other party. Such a mobile terminal is being increasingly widely used.
According to an exterior structure, the mobile terminal may be categorized into a bar type mobile terminal, a flip type mobile terminal, a folder type mobile terminal and a slider type mobile terminal.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view which illustrates one example of a mobile terminal, FIG. 2 is a plan view which illustrates a power connect structure of the conventional mobile terminal, FIG. 3 is a side view which illustrates the power connection structure of the conventional mobile terminal, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view which illustrates a battery constituting the mobile terminal.
As shown, the mobile terminal includes a terminal body 100 and a battery 200 detachably mounted to the terminal body 100 and supplying power to the terminal body 100.
Constituent elements including a main body 100 are provided in the terminal body 100, and a battery mounting portion 120 to which the battery 200 is mounted is provided at one side of the terminal body 100. Also, a battery locking unit (R) for fixing/releasing the battery to/from the terminal body 100 is provided at one side of the battery mounting portion 120.
The battery mounting portion 120 is formed as a recess having a size and a depth respectively corresponding to a size and a thickness of the battery 200. Also, the battery mounting portion 120 is formed in a slot type such that the battery can be slidingly inserted therein.
The battery 200 includes a cell 210 filled with electrolyte, safety circuits (not shown) for maintaining a constant and stable current when electric charge and discharge occurs inside the cell 210, a protection resin 220 for protecting the safety circuits, and terminals 230 connected to the protection circuit to supply power and transmit information to other elements. An exterior of the battery 200 commonly has a quadrangular shape with a predetermined thickness.
The battery 200 is mounted to the battery mounting portion 120 of the terminal body 100 and fixed to or released from the terminal body 100 by the locking unit (R).
The battery 200 is a secondary battery and is recharged by, for example, a charger after being used for a certain time.
A terminal assembly 130 connected to the battery terminal 230 is mounted to the terminal body 100, and the terminal assembly 130 is placed beside the battery 200. The terminal assembly 130 includes a case 131 formed as a predetermined shape and terminals 132 connected to the terminals of the battery. The terminals 132 of the terminal assembly correspond to the terminals 230 of the battery, and arranged at a regular interval.
Also, the terminal assembly 130 is connected to a main board 110 constituting the terminal body 100. The terminal assembly 130 contacts with the terminals 230 of the battery perpendicularly or horizontally.
When the battery 200 is mounted to the battery mounting portion 120 of the terminal body 100, the terminals 230 of the battery 200 are connected to the terminals 132 of the terminal assembly mounted to the terminal body 100.
The battery has four terminals 230, and the terminals 230 of the battery are arranged at one side of the battery 200 at regular intervals. The terminal assembly also has four terminals 132 corresponding to the terminals 230 of the battery, and the terminals 132 of the terminal assembly are arranged at the case 131 at regular intervals.
The battery and the terminal assembly may have three terminals 230 and three terminals 132, respectively.
The terminal body 100 is provided with a receptacle 140 used to transmit data and recharge the battery, and the receptacle 140 is placed beside the terminal assembly 130 and mounted to one end of the terminal body 100 to thereby easily connected to an external device.
The battery 200, the terminal assembly 130 and the receptacle 140 are arranged in a row along a direction of a long side of the terminal body 100.
Undescribed reference numeral 300 is a battery cover.
When the mobile terminal is used, power generated at the battery 200 is supplied to a main board 110 and other elements of the terminal body 100 through the terminals 230 of the battery and the terminals 132 of the terminal assembly. If the battery 200 is discharged, the battery 200 is detached from the terminal body 100 and recharged by a separate charger (not shown), or is recharged by a receptacle 140 without being detached from therefrom.
The battery may be recharged or information stored in the terminal body 100 is transmitted to an external device through the receptacle 140. Here, a special connector (not shown) is used.
Because a user always carries such a mobile terminal for use, it is very important to minimize the size of the mobile terminal for the purpose of the convenience of the user. Particularly, in the present circumstance that the size of the mobile terminal is increasing due to the improvement in performance and diversification of function of the mobile terminal, reducing its size while improving the performance and diversifying the function may improve convenience of the user and strengthen the competitiveness.
However, in the power connection structure of the aforedescribed mobile terminal, because the battery 200, the terminal assembly 130 and the receptacle 140 are arranged in a row in a longitudinal direction of the terminal body 100, a length of the terminal body 100 is lengthened, which increases the size of the mobile terminal.
If the terminal assembly and the receptacle 140 are respectively disposed at both sides of the battery 200, a distance between the terminal assembly 130 and the receptacle 140 becomes long, which causes problems in connecting to the main board 110.

Power connection structure of mobile terminal


The emission efficiency of a light-emitting device including a microcavity structure is improved. The light-emitting device includes a plurality of light-emitting elements. The plurality of light-emitting elements each include a reflective electrode, a transparent electrode, a plurality of light-emitting layers, and a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective electrode stacked in that order. The plurality of light-emitting layers emit light of different colors. A surface roughness of the transparent electrode in the light-emitting element which is among the plurality of light-emitting elements and in which light emitted from the light-emitting layer closest to the reflective electrode is amplified and emitted outside is greater than surface roughnesses of the transparent electrodes in the other light-emitting elements.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a light-emitting device including a microcavity structure.
2. Description of the Related Art
One of techniques for providing a full-color organic EL display is to use a white light-emitting element with a tandem structure in combination with a color filter. A tandem structure is a structure in which a plurality of light-emitting units are stacked. Note that in this specification and the like, a light-emitting unit refers to a layer or a stacked body which includes at least one region where electrons and holes injected from both ends are recombined. A light-emitting element with a tandem structure can provide high luminance with a small amount of current. For example, a light-emitting element in which two light-emitting units are stacked can provide light emission comparable to that of a light-emitting element having one light-emitting unit when current with half the density of current that flows through the light-emitting element having one light-emitting unit is made to flow through each light-emitting unit. For example, a structure in which n light-emitting units are stacked between electrodes can provide n times the luminance of one light-emitting unit without an increase in current density.
This technique of using a white light-emitting element with a tandem structure in combination with a color filter has the following advantage: it is not necessary to provide separate light-emitting layers for respective sub-pixels (e.g., three sub-pixels of R, G, and B), which leads to high yield and easy manufacture of high-resolution displays. Moreover, it is possible to improve the color purity of light emitted from each sub-pixel by applying a microcavity structure to a pixel provided with the white light-emitting element and the color filter.
In particular, a microcavity structure can be formed relatively easily in a top-emission light-emitting element in such a manner that a reflective electrode, an EL layer, and a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective electrode are formed in that order from the substrate side and a transparent electrode is formed as an optical adjustment layer between the reflective electrode and the EL layer. FIG. 6 illustrates a structural example of a pixel that is provided with a light-emitting element with a microcavity structure and a color filter.
A conventional light-emitting device in FIG. 6 includes light-emitting elements in each of which a reflective electrode 501, a transparent electrode 502, an EL layer 506, and a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective electrode 507 are stacked in that order. Over the light-emitting elements, a red color filter (CF Red), a green color filter (CF Green), and a blue color filter (CF Blue) are provided.
The EL layer 506 has a structure in which a first light-emitting unit 508 including a first light-emitting layer 503, an intermediate layer 509, and a second light-emitting unit 510 including a second light-emitting layer 504 and a third light-emitting layer 505 are stacked in that order. The first light-emitting layer 503 emits blue light, the second light-emitting layer 504 emits green light, and the third light-emitting layer 505 emits red light. The intermediate layer 509 preferably has a structure in which, for example, an electron-injection buffer layer, an electron-relay layer, and a charge generation layer are stacked in that order from the anode side.
The above light-emitting device includes a microcavity structure. An optical length L between the reflective electrode 501 serving as a reflecting mirror and the semi-transmissive and semi-reflective electrode 507 is adjusted so that light emitted from the EL layer 506 is repeatedly reflected between the reflective electrode 501 and the semi-transmissive and semi-reflective electrode 507; thus, light with a specific wavelength can be selectively amplified and emitted outside.
To perform full-color display with the above light-emitting device, light with wavelengths for three colors, red (R), green (G), and blue (B), is to be amplified, for example, in one display panel. Accordingly, light of colors that correspond to three sub-pixels of R, G, and B needs to be amplified. To achieve that, the thickness of the transparent electrode 502 is varied to provide optical lengths L corresponding to the three wavelengths for R, G, and B (e.g., see Patent Document 1).

Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.


A method for improving the appearance of skin depth, dimensionality or undertones by topically applying a composition containing composite particulates made by (a) solvating a clear or translucent thermoplastic material with solvent in an amount sufficient to swell the material; (b) combining the solvated mixture of (a) with one or more colorants; (c) removing the solvent to form a composite particulate, (d) formulating the composite particulate into a topical cosmetic composition for application to skin.

A high percentage of women use foundation makeup. Current commercial products are of excellent quality and are available in shades that correctly match skin color. Yet foundation users remain unsatisfied. For example, a high percentage of ethnic women use foundation, yet are unhappy with the ashy, chalky tone that it often gives their skin. Often these products contain significant amounts of titanium dioxide which provides excellent coverage but can create a mask-like appearance. This is believed to be due in part to the undertones in skin color which provide the appearance of warmth or coolness in addition to depth and dimension. Foundation makeup that masks the natural undertones of skin often causes the facial skin to appear unnatural because it covers the natural dimensionality of the skin. The big need gap is for makeup products such as foundations that provide coverage without masking skin undertones, which provides an undesirable mask-like appearance.
Another reason for the importance of formulating such foundations has to do with SKU ("stock keeping unit") reduction. In order to meet the needs of all users, cosmetics companies must formulate a large number of foundation color choices to satisfy their customer base. Many of these shades sell very poorly or not at all. A large number of SKUs means larger cost to the cosmetics manufacturer. Thus, there is interest in formulating foundation makeup products that will match a wider range of skin colors. SKU reduction benefits both the cosmetics company and the consumer. In addition it removes some of the confusion associated with the consumer's color choices, which are never easy. Also more SKU's means increased product cost to the consumer because, ultimately, the higher cost of goods is reflected in a higher retail price to consumers.
It has been found that when color cosmetics are formulated with certain types of composite particulates that have a portion of clear or translucent thermoplastic material in the particulate, that color cosmetics will exhibit improved appearance on skin, including an improved appearance of dimensionality, depth and skin undertones, as well as reduction in the ashy, chalky, or mask-like appearance of color cosmetics such as foundation. In addition, the composite particulates facilitate reduction in the number of shades of the color cosmetic that are necessary to match all skin shades in a shade range.
It is the object of the invention to provide color cosmetic compositions that are more "universal", meaning that a particular color will match a larger number of color shades in a shade category. For example, a foundation that may be deemed more universal in its color matching properties may be designated Color #1 and it may match skin color shades 1, 2 and 3 in the shade category "Light" as opposed to the necessity of three different shades in the Light category with a traditional foundation.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a composite particulate containing a colorant portion and a clear or translucent thermoplastic portion.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a composition for application to keratinous surfaces such as skin, hair, or nails, comprising the composite particulate.
It is a further object to provide a method for improving the appearance of depth, dimensionality, and skin undertones by providing a natural appearance color cosmetic that contains composite particulates.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for reducing the ashy, chalky, or mask-like appearance of compositions such as foundation makeup on the skin by formulating the composition with composite particulates.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for reducing the number of SKUs in a color cosmetic shade range by formulating the color cosmetics with composite particulates.

Method and compositions for improving appearance of skin