A method of incrementing a receiver-initiated sending rate of data packets transmitted from a sender over a network receiver using Transport Control Protocol (TCP) comprising the step of sending an acknowledgement for received data packets from the receiver to the sender, wherein said acknowledgement contains an advertised window indicating the allowed sending bit rate and the step of increasing the advertised window by a maximum of one segment size per acknowledgement.

While the TCP sending rate is normally controlled by the sender, there are scenarios and environments, where the receiver has some knowledge of the used links and bit rates, which make it worthwhile to let the receiver control the data transmission rate of the sender to some extent. In order to apply this mechanism, the receiver should have knowledge of the Round Trip Time (RTT) value to control or limit the sender's bit rate. As a result, the sender would not have to probe for the available bit rate by itself, which normally comes to the expense of packet losses and is less accurate than the receiver's information.
The sending bit rate in the TCP sender is controlled by a sliding window called congestion window. The sender sends data and receives cumulative acknowledgements. Outstanding data is the data that the sender has already sent, but has not received acknowledgements for it. The sender is allowed to have the amount of outstanding data equal to the current value of the congestion window. Because the data is usually acknowledged one RTT after it was send, the allowed sending bit rate, B_send can be calculated from the RTT and the congestion window size, cwnd, as: B_send=cwnd/RTT An example of these values could be RTT=100 ms and B_send=64 Kbit/s.
The congestion window at the server is dynamically adjusted according to gathered network information, e.g. in cases of packet losses, the TCP sender would assume congestion in the network and deflate the window. In cases of no packet losses, the window is slightly and regularly increased. However, the window which TCP uses to control the sending of data packets, is the minimum of the congestion window and another window-size signalled by the receiver called the advertised window, awnd. This is usually used for the flow control features of TCP, i.e. to ensure that a fast TCP sender does not send more data than the receiver can consume.
In conclusion, the receiver can limit the upper sending rate of the sender of a TCP connection, by using the integrated flow control and sending an advertised window with the value calculated from RTT and maximum sending bit rate. In other words, the receiver can dictate a maximum sending bit rate to the server. When increasing this maximum bit rate, the receiver should foresee the sender's behavior in order not to increase the rate too fast, which would initiate a burst of data packets transmitted at the TCP sender that might lead to a buffer overflow on the route.
On the other hand, if the receiver increases the advertised window too slowly, the sender will increase the sending rate likewise slowly and thus will underutilize the link capacity.
Consequently, what is needed is an optimised way of increasing the advertised window resulting in an optimised increase of the sending rate at the TCP sender.

Optimised receiver-initiated sending rate increment

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


An exercise device is provided that includes a trolley. The trolley includes two vertical plates, wheels, and at least one foot locking device connected to the trolley, the at least one foot locking device adapted to make contact with at least a portion of a foot of the user. A shaft is provided having a first end and a second end. A flexible mechanism comprising a portion of the shaft placed in a position of the shaft between the first end and the second end for allowing at least one portion of the shaft to move and rotate. The shaft accommodates the trolley. The trolley is adapted to be pulled along the shaft by the least one foot locking device while the user is in a seated position. A substantially planar surface is provided with a top surface connected to the second end of the shaft.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to an exercise device, and more particularly to an exercise device with a trolley device for exercising the legs and upper body.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Exercise equipment is utilized in today's society for the enhancement and improvement of muscular strength, endurance, and overall physical and mental health. Many exercise devices, such as free weights, barbells, and dumbbells, are bulky and expensive. Failure to properly perform the intended exercise with these devices can result in significant injuries to the novice or inexperienced user. Over the years, progressive improvements to exercise equipment circumvent many of these dangers but often times are bulky, costly, and of great height. Other exercise devices require fixed and permanent installation absent any options for simple storage.


Methods and apparatus for processing a substrate are provided herein. For example, the method can include depositing a first layer of metal on a first substrate; depositing a second layer of metal atop the first layer of metal; depositing a third layer of metal on a second substrate; depositing a fourth layer of metal atop the third layer of metal; and bringing the second layer of material into contact with the fourth layer of material under conditions sufficient to cause the first substrate to be bonded to the second substrate by a diffusion layer formed by portions of the first layer of metal diffusing through the second layer of metal and portions of the third layer of metal diffusing through the fourth layer of metal.

Methods and apparatus for connecting cooling systems to a chip (integrated chip (IC)), such as high-power chips, system on chips (SoC), or chiplets are known. For example, during package level assembly of a chip, several layers of one or more suitable thermal interface materials (TIM), such as solder or indium based materials, thermal spreaders, cooling plates (heat sink), and/or spacers (metal) can be used to conduct heat from the chip to a cooling system. Conventional cooling systems can include, for example, remote cooling chips, such as thermal electrical cooling ICs or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microfluid canals to improve thermal dissipation capability.
The inventors have found, however, that methods and apparatus for high performance chip scale thermal conductance interface formation during substrate (wafer) assembly may improve thermal conductivity from a chip to a cooling system.


A rod guide for use with a rotating progressing cavity pump rod string which minimizes the resistance offered thereby to the axial flow of well fluids. This rod guide decreases turbulence and thereby reduces internal abrasion of the rod and tubing wear together with energy demand. The helical guide may employ either one or two lead vanes.

This application relates to improvements in rod guides or the like for rotating sucker rods and pumping oil wells and more particularly to rod guides having reduced drag resistance, turbulence and energy demand.
As is well known, sucker rods in pumping oil wells normally extend longitudinally through the well bore or tubing and are reciprocated or rotated therein during the pumping operation. Since most well bores are not straight, and many are purposely drilled at an angle, the rods frequently wear against or engage the walls of the tubing during reciprocation or rotation thereof, which creates detrimental wear on the rods, rod couplings and tubing.
One usual apparatus for pumping well fluids includes a pump connected to the lower end of the tubing which is reciprocated the string of sucker rods. The sucker rods, or rod string, are connected to a reciprocating mechanical lift for alternately pulling the string upward and then allowing the string to move downwardly by gravity.
An alternative apparatus for pumping well fluids includes a progressing cavity pump connected to the lower end of the tubing. A rotor is rotated within a stator of the pump by the string of sucker rods. The sucker rods, or rod string, are connected to a mechanical drive for rotating the string to raise the well fluids.
Since the rotation of the rod string provides the force necessary to move well fluids upwardly through the tubing, if the resistance to rotational movement of the string is excessive, energy is unnecessarily expended. Further, if the rotation of the rods induces large amounts of pressure drop, turbulence or resistance to flow at a point, this localized turbulence can promote excessive wear of the rod and tubing or even induce fracture.
Heretofore, conventional rod guides of the paddle type have been used to avoid unnecessary wear of the rod against the tubing. However, these paddle type rod guides induce excessive resistance to fluid flow and cause greater turbulence and considerable tubing wear where it is mounted on the rotating rod.
In order to avoid this problem, occasionally substantially solid rod guides are employed with progressing cavity pumps in wells. To reduce restriction of fluid flow, the solid guide must leave substantial clearance between the guide and the tubing wall which permits only a reduced erodible volume of material to protect the rod coupling.


An image-forming apparatus configured to be controlled based on access-control information and to perform a flow which includes performance a plurality of functions of the image forming apparatus based on flow setting information, where flow setting information designates an order of performance of the plurality of functions of the image forming apparatus. The image-forming apparatus includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire the access-control information based on a signature included in the flow setting information if the flow setting information includes the signature, and a flow-performing unit configured to perform the flow based on the access-control information acquired by the acquisition unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image-forming apparatus having a plurality of functions, a control server, and an image-forming system. More specifically, the present invention relates to an image-forming apparatus, a control server, and an image-forming system configured to perform a plurality of functions of the image-forming apparatus as a series of flows.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional document-management system controls an access to a document. For example, such a conventional document-management system holds an access-control list (ACL) for each document or each document group including an aggregate of a plurality of documents. Furthermore, a conventional document-management system uses the ACL to manage a security rule as to what operation is permitted for each user.
In addition, a conventional document-management system has been developed that holds access information previously describing information as to what operation is permitted (or inhibited) for each user utilizing a function of an image-forming apparatus on a system. The access information is centrally managed by a security server to control user performance of processing.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-301602 discusses a document-management system that controls a user authority for performing an operation for managing a document, using a regulation previously defining whether a user is permitted to perform the operation, according to a type of a document the user desires to operate and previously held user information about the user desiring to operate the document.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-196414 discusses a method that utilizes a workflow for performing, in the case of performing a series of operations for capturing, processing, and outputting (distributing) a document file with an image-forming apparatus, a series of operations from capturing an image of a document to outputting (distributing) the read document having been processed, in a predetermined order. Such a conventional method registers a routine work, such as acknowledgement and circulation, which is frequently performed in the office, as a workflow. Thus, a user operation can be efficiently performed.
However, the conventional method does not control user performance of a flow by using access-control information for controlling performing a function of an image-forming apparatus when a user desires to perform the flow.

System with user access-control information having signature and flow setting information for controlling order of performance of functions


An absorbent article comprising an absorbent gelling material (AGM) having an encapsulated compound of one or more odor controlling organic compounds disposed upon a surface thereof is described. Alternatively, an AGM particle comprising an encapsulated reactive compound of one or more odor controlling organic compounds disposed as a surface coating thereon is described. Additionally, a method to manufacture an absorbent article is described. The method provides for the steps of: a) providing a solution in a solvent system, the solution has an encapsulating agent and one or more odor controlling organic compounds as a surface coating; b) applying an amount of the solution to a surface of an AGM particle; and, c) incorporating the AGM particle having the solution applied thereto into the absorbent article.

Absorbent articles according to the present disclosure are articles which can be used to absorb any type of fluid. Absorbent hygienic articles are commonly used to absorb and in some cases retain bodily fluids and other exudates excreted by the human or animal body, such as urine, menses, blood, fecal materials, mucus, chemicals, or any type of fluid waste. Paper towels, wipes, facial tissues toilet paper and other absorbent articles may be used also to absorb kitchen and food residues and/or any kind of dirt or waste. In many cases the absorbed materials, can be malodorant or can generate malodors with time while the article is still being used or after it has been disposed of or thrown in the trash.
Materials for controlling and reducing malodors in absorbent articles such as activated carbon, zeolites, silica, and the like have been used to trap volatile malodorant molecules in porous solids. Similarly, uncomplexed cyclodextrin molecules have been used to trap malodorant molecules by complexing them and reducing their volatility and act similarly to odor absorbers.
However current odor absorbers are not always satisfactory. Known odor absorbers must be complemented or replaced by odor controlling organic compounds to reduce the perception of malodors. Current odor controlling organic compounds are provided as fragrances (i.e., chemicals or blends of chemicals which stimulate the olfactory receptors providing a pleasant smell), odor masking compounds (i.e., compounds which stimulate the olfactory receptors so that unpleasant odors are perceived less or perceived as less disturbing), and reactive compounds (i.e., compounds which chemically react with the malodorant molecules altering their nature).
A menstrual or urine malodor when wearing an absorbent article is undesirable. Thus, there is a high demand for technologies that can counteract malodors in the fastest possible way.

Absorbent articles comprising encapsulating agents


In a method of testing a color cathode ray tube, an electron gun assembly is energized to emit electron beams and only a horizontal deflection magnetic field is applied to the electron beams so that a line image is displayed on a screen. A degaussing coil is located in front of the panel and a degaussing magnetic field having a frequency the same as that of a commercial power source. Thereafter, the degaussing coil is moved in a direction away from the panel and is deenergized when the coil is removed from the panel at a predetermined distance. A vertical deflecting coil is energized to display an image and a picture quality of the tube is tested.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a color cathode ray tube and more particularly, it relates to method of degaussing the color cathode ray tube of the shadow mask type in a manufacturing step of the color cathode ray tube.
2. Description of the Related Art
The color cathode ray tube of the shadow mask type includes a panel section provided with a substantially rectangular face plate and a skirt projected backward from the face plate, a funnel section connected to the panel section, and a neck section continuous from the funnel section. These three sections maintain the interior of the color cathode ray tube as airtight closed and under vacuum. An electron gun assembly for generating electron beams is housed in the neck. A deflection yoke for generating magnetic field is located on the funnel and neck. A degaussing coil for degaussing magnetized parts or components of the tube is also located on the funnel. A phosphor screen is formed on the inner face of the face plate at the panel. A substantially rectangular shadow mask is arranged in the tube, facing the phosphor screen with a certain interval interposed relative to the face plate. The shadow mask is made by a thin metal plate and has a plurality of slits. A mask frame is located around the shadow mask. Plural mask supports, elastically deformable, are welded to the mask frame. Plural stud pins which are engaged with the mask supports are arranged on the inner face of the skirt at the panel section. An inner magnetic shield is attached to the mask frame on the side of the neck to prevent a magnetic field outside, such as earth magnetism, from acting on the electron beams emitted from the electron gun assembly.
In the case of the color cathode ray tube of the shadow mask type, the three electron beams emitted from the electron gun assembly are deflected in horizontal and vertical directions by magnetic field generated by the deflection yoke and then are converged upon the slits of the shadow mask. The electron beams converged upon the slits of the shadow mask land onto the phosphor screen of the face plate at the panel section. The phosphor screen has three kinds of fluorescent stripes which are alternately arranged to form the phosphor screen. When these fluorescent stripes are shot by the three electron beams passing through the slits of the shadow mask, they emit lights of three colors red, green and blue. In short, the slits of the shadow mask serve to direct the three electron beams to their corresponding fluorescent stripes which emit the lights rays of red, green and blue colors.
In the case of the color cathode ray tube, its shadow mask, mask frame, inner magnetic shield and the like are usually made of magnetic material such as low carbon steel. When they are magnetized by outside magnetism such as earth magnetism, therefore, their remnant magnetism shifts paths of the electron beams. When the paths of the electron beams are shifted in this manner, the electron beams cannot be landed correctly onto the phosphor screen. The color purity in the color cathode ray tube is thus reduced. This makes it necessary to demagnetize their remnant magnetism to prevent the color purity from being reduced.
Conventionally, magnetized parts or components of the color cathode ray tube are demagnetized by the degaussing coil in the following three cases.
1) When the property of a color cathode ray tube completed in the course of manufacturing color cathode ray tubes is tested.
2) When the performance of a completed television set in which the color cathode ray tube and other components have been incorporated in the course of manufacturing television sets is tested.
3) Whenever the television set which is in normal use is switched on.
In the case of testing the property of the color cathode ray tube, the color purity is measured as a point to evaluate the quality of image. This color purity is measured after remnant magnetism is degaussed according to the method which will be described later. In another case of incorporating the color cathode ray tube and other components to form the completed television set, remnant magnetism is demagnetized to color-adjust the color cathode ray tube.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,737,881 uses a resonance circuit to degauss the remnant magnetism of magnetic components. Frequency (f) of degaussing current flowing through the resonance circuit is denoted by f=1/2.pi..sqroot.LC wherein L represents inductance and C capacitance. The inductance of a degaussing coil used in this resonance circuit is several mH (millihenries) and the capacitance of a condenser is several uF (microfarads). The frequency of degaussing current flowing through the resonance circuit becomes several ten kHz, accordingly. Energy (E) of degaussing magnetic field is denoted by E.varies.2 .pi..sqroot.LC=1/f and energy (E) is therefore inversely proportional to frequency. In other words, degaussing energy (E) becomes smaller and smaller as frequency (f) of degaussing current becomes higher and higher. When frequency (f) becomes high, therefore, magnetized components cannot be sufficiently degaussed by the degaussing means.
There is a well known resonance circuit which can oscillate at a frequency lower than 100 Hz. This resonance circuit needs a capacitor having a capacitance (C) of several F (farads) and a coil having inductance (L) of several H (Henries) to oscillate at the frequency lower than 100 Hz. This causes the resonance circuit to become larger in size than the common one used for the color cathode ray tube and its cost to become ten times that of the common one. Therefore, a resonance circuit is not practical.
When a resonance circuit which can oscillate at the frequency of several tens of kHz is used to demagnetize the remnant magnetism of parts of the color cathode ray tube, however, its degaussing energy is small because the frequency of its degaussing current is quite high. The magnetized parts cannot be sufficiently demagnetized by this resonance circuit, accordingly. When the frequency of a degaussing magnetic field is compared with that of a vertically deflecting magnetic field generated by the deflection yoke, the latter is lower than the former. When degaussing and vertically deflecting magnetic fields are applied to the magnetized components of the tube at the same time, therefore it becomes more difficult for the magnetized components to be demagnetized because energy of vertically deflecting magnetic field is higher than that of degaussing magnetic field. This makes it necessary to use a delay circuit intended to flow deflecting current after the magnetized components are demagnetized.
Moreover, magnetized parts of the color cathode ray tube are demagnetized by the degaussing coil supplied with the current whose frequency is the same as the commercial frequency. The frequency of the vertical deflection current is the same as the commercial frequency in most regions in the world. FIG. 1 shows how degaussing magnetic field 2 generated by the transient, attenuating A.C. current and deflection magnetic field 4 generated by the vertical deflection current change with time. As is shown in FIG. 1, degaussing magnetic field 2 and deflection magnetic field 4 have the same frequency. Degaussing magnetic field 2 is shown as being in phase with deflection magnetic field 4, but normally, degaussing magnetic field 2 is not generated in synchronism with deflection magnetic field 4. Therefore, when degaussing magnetic field 2 is applied for the degaussing of the color cathode ray tube, a phase shift is likely to occur between degaussing magnetic field 2 and deflection magnetic field 4. FIG. 2 shows magnetism flux density distribution 6 relating to the vertical deflection magnetic field generated when the deflection coil is supplied with a vertical deflection current. In FIG. 2, magnetic flux densities are plotted against the ordinate and distances measured from the neck are plotted against the abscissa. As is indicated by magnetism flux density distribution curve 6, the magnetic flux density is as high as 5 gauss even at position 8 where the end of the magnetic shield is located. Since, therefore, the degaussing magnetic field and the vertical deflection magnetic field are superimposed on each other in the location of the magnetic shield, a hysteresis loop of a magnetic member applied with both degaussing magnetic field 2 and deflection magnetic field 4 is not symmetric with reference to the origin, and the magnetic shield retains the magnetism arising from the above-mentioned phase shift, even after it is degaussed. FIG. 3 shows hysteresis loop 10 of the magnetic field. As is shown, hysteresis loop 10 of a magnetic member applied with both degaussing magnetic field 2 and deflection magnetic field 4 is transformed or shifted from normal hysteresis loop 12, which is indicated by the broken lines with the reference numeral of "12". Although, in FIG. 3, hysteresis loop 12 is rotation-symmetric with reference to the origin, hysteresis loop 10 is not. FIG. 4 shows a detailed hysteresis curve obtained when a magnetic material is degaussed by applying a degaussing magnetic field thereto. FIG. 5 shows a degaussing magnetic field generated when a degaussing current flows through the degaussing coil, and also shows a vertical deflection magnetic field generated when a vertical deflection current flows through the deflection yoke. The magnetic flux density and magnetic field strength at time a in FIG. 5 are indicated at point a in FIG. 4, and those at time c in FIG. 5 are indicated at point c in FIG. 4. Likewise, times b and d-h in FIG. 5 correspond to points b and d-h, respectively.
Otherwise, the magnetic flux density and the magnetic field strength at time a in FIG. 5 are indicated at point a' in FIG. 4 when the deflection yoke does not generate a vertical deflection magnetic field. Those at time c in FIG. 5 are indicated at point c' in FIG. 4 when the yoke does not generate the magnetic field. Likewise, times e,g in FIG. 5 correspond to points e', g', and times b, d, f and h in FIG. 5 correspond to proximate points (not shown) of points b, d, f and h respectively when the yoke does not generate the magnetic field. As a result, the hysteresis curve in FIG. 4 is shifted from a hysteresis curve (not shown) in the case of the magnetic shield applied with only degaussing magnetic field. Shift distance between point c and point c' is shorter than shift distance between point a and point a'.
Therefore, when magnetic shield is applied with both degaussing magnetic field 21 and vertical deflection magnetic field 22, its hysteresis curve 20 can be represented in the manner indicated in FIG. 4. Accordingly, magnetic field strength Hb at time b is greater than magnetic field strength Hd at time d since magnetic shield is applied with vertical deflection magnetic field 22. The decrease in quantity .increment.Hd of magnetic field strength Hd is greater than the decrease quantity .DELTA.Hb of magnetic field strength Hb. Therefore, hysteresis curve 20 is formed asymmetrically shown in FIG. 4. Moreover, the asymmetrical hysteresis curve is shifted in one direction during this degaussing since vertical deflection magnetic field 22 at points a, b, c and d in FIG. 5 are equal to magnetic field 22 at points e, f, g and h respectively. As a result of this degaussing, the hysteresis curve converges at point r in FIG. 4, and the remnant magnetism at converging point r in Br. In short, the remnant magnetism does not decrease to 0. Since, converging point r moves due to the phase difference between the degaussing magnetic field and the vertical deflection magnetic field, remnant magnetism Br varies accordingly.
FIG. 6 shows how the landing point of an electron beam is shifted from its initial landing point on the phosphor screen corner, wherein the initial landing point is obtained when the color cathode ray tube is degaussed at the first time by using the above-mentioned degaussing method, and the other landing point is obtained when the color cathode ray tube is also degaussed at the other time. In FIG. 6, the ordinate represents the distance between the initial landing point and the other landing point, while the abscissa represents how many time the degaussing method has been used. The curve shown by a solid line interrupted by two dashed lines represents the right bottom corner of the screen. The curve shown by a dashed line represents the left bottom corner of the screen. The curve shown by a solid line represents the upper right corner of the screen. The curve shown by a solid line interrupted by a single dashed line represents the upper left corner of the screen. As can be understood from FIG. 6, the maximum shift distance is 33 .mu.m and the average shift distance is 11 .mu.m. Since, as noted above, the remnant magnetism varies in accordance with the phase difference between the degaussing magnetic field and the vertical deflection magnetic field, therefore the distance through which the landing point is shifted varies in accordance with the phase difference.

Method of degaussing a color cathode ray tube


The present invention relates to a method for waking up a sleeping device. The sleeping device being coupled to a waking device over a communications network. The sleeping device is adapted to provide a service in an awake state, to the waking device at request for service of the waking device. This method, first, comprises the step of sending the request for service by the waking device in direction of the sleeping device. The communications network additionally comprises a Network Element which is always on, and being coupled to the communications network. The method further comprises the steps of the Network Element intercepting the request for service destined to the sleeping device and the step of the Network Element at intercepting of the request for service, generating a request to wake up the sleeping device and determine a substitute service to the waking device until the sleeping device is awake. The Network Element then sends the request to wake up to the sleeping device and provisions a substitute service, to the waking device until the sleeping device is awake.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for waking up a sleeping device, as described in the preamble of claim 1 and the related waking device as described in the preamble of claim 5.
2. Description of Related Art
Such a method and related devices are already known in the art, e.g. from the European Patent Application with reference EP0977112 A2 with title "METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING POWER OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM ON A LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK)" from the inventor Ryu, Chang-Hyun published at Feb. 2, 2000.
Therein, a method for controlling power of a computer system coupled to a communications network, called Local Area Network, using a wake on local area network LAN signal is described. Such a computer system contains a "wake-on-LAN" feature allowing computers that are in a sleeping state, called powered-off state, to wake up, called powered up, at receiving of a wake on LAN signal from a service requesting device on a network interface of the computer system.
However, such a device, when in a sleeping state or going from a sleeping state to a wake up state called the wake up period, is not available to play a role in any networked service because of time-outs, which means that at an incoming request, i.e. an HTTP GET, arriving at such a Personal Computer, even if the PC wakes up, due to time-outs on the underlying TCP and/or TCP layer, the request for service will not be successfully responded to.
Furthermore, such a device in a sleeping state or during the wakeup period is not available because of the volatility and/or unreachability of the IP address because if an application or service (either local or remote) needs to access information that is available on a standby residential network device, there is no means to know the IP address to use or (if the IP address is known), it might be temporarily unreachable. During the period that the device is sleeping or starting up, the device might not have an IP address (released or lease expires) or even when it would have an IP address, the lower layers of the protocol stack will not be able to relate this IP address to a network interface card due to expiring entries in (for example Ethernet) lookup tables.

Method for waking up a sleeping device, a related network element and a related waking device


A cordless telephone is accommodated in a casing having a base and a lid movable relative thereto, between which a storage space for the telephone is formed. The casing is provided with one or several attachments connected to the telephone such as a spare battery, a battery charging device, one or several connectors for electrically connecting the telephone, an answering machine, a modem, a computer, interface means for connection to an external computer, or an audio amplifier with a microphone and a loudspeaker.

The invention relates to a casing for a cordless telephone.
The invention also relates to an assembly of a casing with a cordless telephone.
Such telephones are increasingly used for communication, for example, via a cellular network such as the NTM or GSM network. The telephone is carried by the user in that case, for example in a coat pocket, or in a purse or briefcase. It is important then that the telephone should be quickly accessible, for example for answering a telephone call, but also that it is well protected from external influences such as dust and dirt, inadvertent pressing of certain keys, dropping and impacts, etc., during transport. Practical prior art casings for cordless telephones are known in the form of, for example, sleeve-type cases which are provided around the telephone by means of a zipper.

Casing for a cordless telephone, and assembly of a casing with a cordless telephone


A multibeam type scanning microscope that has N beams, wherein the system is devised so that the respective beams perform scanning in LM stages in the Y direction at maximum magnification where the discrete scanning direction is the Y direction, thus performing scanning in an area of N×LM stages overall, and scanning is controlled so that the following processes (1) and (2) are successively repeated LK times at a magnification that is 1/LK times the maximum magnification. Here, L, M and N are integers of 2 or greater, and K is a natural number.    (1) The respective beams perform scanning in the Y direction at a sampling interval that is LK times that at the maximum magnification.    (2) When scanning of LM-K stages is completed in the Y direction, and the repetition is less than the LKth time, the scanning skips ((N−1)×LM-K+1) stages.

There are scanning microscopes in which a two-dimensional image of the sample is acquired by scanning the surface of the sample in the X and Y directions with illuminating light using deflecting mirrors or the like. In such scanning microscopes, the size of the observation area on the sample can be altered (i.e., zooming can be performed) without changing the number of pixels (e.g., 512×512) by varying the swinging angles of the deflecting mirrors.


A method of making a multiple use analyte sensing assembly. The method includes placing a coated wire analyte sensing assembly on an article having a surface that defines a set of pockets so that the wire extends into each pocket. The coated wire is then typically covered by a layer of insulation material between pockets, either by placing an apertured insulation material layer over the pockets so that the apertures correspond to the pockets or by placing a liquid curable insulation material over the coated wire between pockets.

Currently available multiple use glucose sensing assemblies rely on a multiplicity of individual sensing elements, currently in the form of strips of coated paper, each one bearing electrical contacts. As multiple use glucose sensing assemblies become more common, the issue of the expense of the individual sensing elements used in these assemblies becomes an increasingly important issue. Currently available sensing assemblies that contain an array of single use sensors typically cost on the order of $0.80 per measurement. Over the years this expense can increment to a considerable sum. A serious health concern arises from this expense because a diabetic patient might refrain from taking a blood glucose measurement that he would otherwise take, due to the expense of taking the measurement. In some instances the failure to take a blood glucose measurement could be fatal. Moreover, the more measurements a diabetic patient takes, the better understanding she will gain of the relationship between her insulin injection schedule; her food intake, stress and exercise levels; and her blood glucose level.
A number of impediments, however, stand in the way of arriving at a truly economical multi-use sensing assembly. Assemblies that use chemical coated paper strips must be refilled with these strips.
Another type of assembly (a "coated wire assembly") uses a wire having an electrochemically active metal (typically platinum) that is largely coated with insulation. A portion of this insulation is removed to form an electrode that is then covered with a assembly of membranes that produces an electric current when the analyte of interest (typically glucose) is present. In the production of a coated wire assembly it has been found that a problem is created in the removal of the wire insulation. With respect to insulated wires it has been found that the insulation is generally not applied in a truly concentric manner. Accordingly, if a laser beam is used to remove the insulation it tends to pit and stipple the electrochemically active surface of the wire, increasing its surface area. Although a large surface area is typically desirable, the process is unpredictable because of the unevenness of the insulation coat. As a result a non-uniformity is introduced into each set of sensing elements.
Another problem found in a coated wire system is encountered when a separate coated wire segment is used for each measurement. In this case, each coated wire segment must be carefully individually created by dip coating. Moreover, each individual coated wire segment must be brought into contact with body fluid, implying some means of retaining and moving the coated wire segments.
For a multiple use sensing assembly, because there is no calibration procedure, differing sensitivities at the various sensing sites result in a lack of repeatability in the formation of measurement and resultant inaccuracies.
Accordingly, a method of making a multiple use analyte sensing assembly that does not rely on chemical strips and that does not require the stripping away of an insulation layer from an underlying conductor is desirable.


A server includes a hardware platform, a hypervisor platform, and at least one virtual machine operating as an independent guest computing device. The hypervisor includes a memory facilitator, at least one hardware emulator, and an emulator manager. The memory facilitator provides memory for a virtual machine, with the memory having state data associated therewith at a current location within the virtual machine. The at least one hardware emulator provides at least one set of hardware resources for the virtual machine, with the at least one set of hardware resources having state data associated therewith at the current location within the virtual machine. The emulator manager coordinates transfer of the respective state data from the current location to a different location, and tracks progress of the transfer of the respective state data to the different location.

A useful tool in computer virtualization is the ability to live migrate a virtual machine from one server to another server. When the migration is completed, the virtual machine will end up physically running on a different server. The migration is transparent to the virtual machine, and a user of the virtual machine potentially never knows that the virtual machine has been moved.
When a virtual machine is live-migrated from one server to another server, all aspects of virtual machine state needs to be moved. The virtual machine state includes memory image of the virtual machine, contents of CPU registers, and the state of virtualized/emulated hardware devices. Virtualized/emulated hardware devices include, for example, network devices, storage devices or graphics devices.
To minimize downtime during the live-migration, large items of state, such as the main memory image, are copied in an iterative manner with the virtual machine continuing to run on the sending server while the memory is copied. When this initial copy is complete, any memory pages that were modified (i.e., dirtied) while the first copy was taking place are re-sent. This process, referred to as the "live phase," is repeated until either all the pages have been sent without any dirtying taking place, or a maximum number of iterations has been reached at which point the virtual machine is paused while the remaining dirtied pages are copied. This final process is referred to as the "non-live phase."
Live migration has not been possible for all types of virtual machines, with the use of certain features disabling its ability to migrate. One such feature is the use of one or more additional hardware emulators, as used in the case of virtual GPU pass through. This additional emulator may provide a significant improvement in graphics support.
In an example virtualization management platform, such as XenServer by Citrix, every virtual machine is provided with a default emulator (qemu). The default emulator provides a set of default legacy devices that a virtual machine can use to boot, and is hard coded in various places throughout the system. The state of the default emulator is appended to the end of the main migration stream. In this example, there is no prevision for any additional emulators to save their state, and hence migration, as well as suspend/resume, is not possible if using an additional emulator.

Virtual machine with an emulator manager for migration of synchronized streams of state data


A process for the oligomerization of propylene is disclosed wherein a tungstated zirconia catalyst prepared as a distillation structure is used in a reaction distillation zone under conditions of temperature and pressure to concurrently react the propylene to produce oligomers thereof and separate the oligomer products from unreacted propylene by fractional distillation in a distillation column reactor. Compared to the prior art tubular or plug flow reactors, lower temperatures and pressures are used to produce higher conversions and selectivities to preferred isomeric forms useful for preparing neo acids.

1. Field of the Disclosure
Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to a process for converting propylene over a tungstated zirconia catalyst to provide higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, particularly C6, C9 and C12 olefins with high conversion and high selectivity to the C6 and C9 olefins having good branching type isomers for producing neo acids. More particularly the conversion is carried out simultaneously with distillation in a distillation column reactor.
2. Background
In the present state of the art the catalysts are used in tubular reactors at severe conditions, i.e., 330-482° F. and 1000 to 1215 psig pressures. Prior catalysts which have been used for the oligomerization of propylene include supported phosphoric acid (sPa), metal complexes (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,510,555; 4,695,664 and 6,501,001) and various zeolites, especially ZSM-22 and ZSM-57 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,143,942). These reaction systems have undesirable qualities characterized as one or more of: severe reaction conditions, short catalyst life and poor selectivity.
The reaction requires high temperature (330-482° F.) and high pressure (1000 to 1215 psig). The sPa system has a life of less than 1000 tons of product per ton of catalyst and then must be removed and discarded. The zeolites have shown increased life, e.g., 1500 to 3000 tons product per ton of catalyst, but lose activity and must be regenerated at considerable expense. U.S. Pat. No. 6,072,093 teaches that the catalyst life may be extended by recycling cycloparaffins through the tubular reactor, which requires additional separation and recycling apparatus and an inventory of the non associated cycloparaffins. The metal complexes are homogeneous catalysts wherein the catalyst and the products must be separated with continuous catalyst makeup required. The selectivity of the sPa is toward the C9 and heavier while the preferred oligomers are the C6 and C9 which are converted to alcohols. The selectivities of the zeolites and metal complexes are somewhat better.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,956,514 discloses zeolite MCM-22 which has been shown to have favorable characteristics for the oligomerization of propylene at lower pressures and temperatures than the other catalyst.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,242,430 discloses the dimerization of isobutylene in a distillation column reactor using an acidic cation exchange resin as the catalyst which avoided the formation of higher oligomers.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,113,034 and 5,608,133 disclose that tungsten/zirconia catalysts may be used in fixed bed tubular reactors to dimerize C3 and C4 olefins.