To provide a light emitter substrate which is characterized in that discharge current reduction performance is excellent, plural phosphors are arranged in an X direction and a Y direction on a substrate, metal backs are arranged on the phosphors, ribs extending in the Y direction are arranged between the phosphors adjacent in the X direction, first resistors to electrically connect the metal backs adjacent in the Y direction are formed on the ribs respectively, and second resistors to electrically connect the metal backs adjacent in the X direction are formed under the ribs respectively.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a light emitter substrate which is applied to a face plate of an electron beam displaying apparatus, and an image displaying apparatus which is constituted by using the light emitter substrate.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, a flat panel image displaying apparatus in which an electron source substrate on which a number of electron-emitting devices are arranged and a light emitter substrate on which plural light emitter layers emitting light in response to irradiation of electrons emitted from the electron-emitting devices are arranged are opposed to each other has been developed as a next-generation image displaying apparatus. Although there are different kinds of electron-emitting devices, these devices basically use field emission. Therefore, such a displaying apparatus which uses these electron-emitting devices is generally called an FED (field emission display). In the various FEDs, the displaying apparatus which uses surface conduction electron-emitting devices is specifically called an SED (a surface-conduction electron-emitter display). However, in the present application, the term FED is used as the generic term which includes the SED.
The FED has the electron source substrate (i.e., a rear plate) and the light emitter substrate (i.e., a face plate) which are oppositely arranged at a narrow gap of approximately 1 mm to 2 mm. These substrates constitute a vacuum envelop by mutually bonding the respective peripheral portions thereof through a rectangle-frame side wall. A degree of vacuum of the inside of the vacuum envelope is maintained at high vacuum of approximately 10−4 Pa or less.
On the inner surface of the electron source substrate, a large number of electron-emitting devices for emitting electrons are provided, a large number of scanning lines and signal lines are formed in matrix, and the scanning line and the signal line are connected to each of the electron-emitting devices. On the inner surface of the light emitter substrate, R (red), G (green) and B (blue) phosphors are formed as a light emitter layer, and an anode voltage is applied to the formed phosphors. If electron beams emitted from the electron-emitting devices and accelerated by the anode voltage collide with the phosphors, the phosphors emit light, whereby an image is displayed. Further, a rib is provided between the phosphors so as to prevent that a part of incident electrons is reflected on the arbitrary phosphor and the reflected electrons enter into the phosphor adjacent to the arbitrary phosphor.
In order to obtain a practical displaying characteristic in the FED constituted as described above, the phosphors which are the same as those in an ordinary cathode ray tube are used, and further an aluminum thin film called a metal back is formed on the phosphors. In this case, it is desirable that the anode voltage to be applied to the metal back is set to several kilovolts at the lowest, preferably to 10 kV or higher.
However, the gap between the light emitter substrate and the electron source substrate cannot be so enlarged from the aspect of resolution, a characteristic of a spacer, and the like. More specifically, it is necessary to set the relevant gap to approximately 1 mm to 2 mm. Therefore, in the FED, it is impossible to avoid generating a high electric field at the above-described small gap between the light emitter substrate and the electron source substrate, whereby a problem of a discharge between these substrates generates.
If any countermeasure is not introduced to suppress damage by the discharge, the electron-emitting device, the phosphor, a driver IC, a driving circuit and the like are damaged and/or deteriorated due to the discharge. Here, it is assumed that such damages and deteriorations are collectively called discharge damage hereinafter. Under the circumstance that the discharge damage occurs, it is necessary to absolutely prevent the discharge from generating over the long term so as to put the FED to practical use. However, it is extremely difficult to achieve such a countermeasure.
Consequently, a countermeasure for reducing, even if the discharge generates, a discharge current is important so as to be able to suppress the discharge to the level that the discharge damage does not occur or can be ignored. To achieve this, a technique of dividing the metal back (i.e., an anode electrode) has been known. Here, it should be noted that such metal back division roughly includes primary division that the metal back is divided in one direction into plural strip-shaped metal backs and secondary division that the metal back is divided in two directions into plural island-shaped metal backs. In the secondary division, it is possible to reduce the discharge current as compared with the primary division.
In the case where the metal back is divided, it is necessary to secure a route for a beam current so as to suppress luminance deterioration within an acceptable level, and it is also necessary to prevent the discharge which is generated due to a potential difference at the gap formed by the division. In this connection, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-173094 (corresponding to United States Patent Application Publication US2006/0103294) discloses the constitution in which a resistor is provided between divided metal backs.
However, even in the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-173094, further improvement is requested in regard to increase of the luminance, increase of the image quality, suppression of generation of the discharge, and suppression of the scale of the generated discharge.

Light emitter substrate with different gaps between metal backs and image displaying apparatus using the same


This application provides a key distribution method, an apparatus, and a system, includes: determining, by an identity management server based on AAA authentication information, whether AAA authentication on the terminal succeeds; if the AAA authentication succeeds, sending the ID of the terminal to a key management server; and generating, by the key management server, a private key of the terminal and returning the private key to the management server. After negotiating with the terminal to generate a first key, the identity management server encrypts the ID and the private key of the terminal, and sends an encrypted ID and an encrypted private key to the terminal. The terminal obtains the ID and the private key of the terminal. According to the key distribution method, apparatus, and system provided in this application, communication security performance of the terminal during ID-based registration authentication is improved.

During access to the Internet, authentication of a transport layer and a network layer on a terminal succeeds. However, the transport layer and the network layer are closely combined, and do not independently implement their respective functions. An IP address is responsible for both an addressing function and a function of identifying a communications device node. Due to the dual function of the IP address, when the IP address changes, not only a route changes, but also an identifier for identifying a communications device host changes. As a result, application connection interruption occurs due to the change of the device identifier.
In research on a next-generation IP protocol in the prior art, adding an identity ID (a network identity or identifier) of a terminal to an IP protocol layer in a terminal access network is a current mainstream research direction. Representative protocols include HIP, LISP, ION (SLIM), ILNP, and ILA. The terminal that accesses the Internet implements mobility by using a dual address manner of a home address (Home Address, HoA) and a care-of address (Care-of Address, CoA) in a mobile IP scenario according to protocols such as MIPv4/6. In addition, an original connection keeps unchanged. For example, a home address is used as an ID of the terminal. In this way, the ID used as the identity of the terminal keeps unchanged when the terminal moves, and the IP address is responsible for only the addressing function while the function of identifying a communications device is implemented by using the ID.
In an ION network architecture, when the ID of the terminal is added to the network layer in the access network, AAA authentication is first performed on the terminal when the terminal accesses the Internet. After the AAA authentication on the terminal succeeds and obtains a locator (for example, an IP address) of the terminal, registration and authentication are further performed on the ID for identifying terminal identity information. During the authentication, the terminal sends a registration request message to an identity management server responsible for terminal ID management in the Internet, and the identity management server obtains the ID of the terminal and a private key of the terminal and sends the ID of the terminal and the private key of the terminal to the terminal, so that the terminal performs encryption and signs a signature based on an identity-based cryptography IBC technology by using the ID and the private key of the terminal. However, when key information such as the private key and the ID of the terminal is transmitted by using the existing technology, information security of the private key and the ID of the terminal is not ensured by using a secure communication manner such as encryption and authentication at the network layer in which the ID is located. As a result, important information such as the ID and the private key of the terminal is prone to leakage, and communication security performance when ID-based registration and authentication are performed on the terminal.

Key distribution method and system, and apparatus


A system for determining the position of a gas/liquid interface of a fluid in a tank having a probe and a controller. The probe has silicon diodes arranged linearly on a substrate. The controller applies power to each of the silicon diodes to make a determination of whether a fluid in which the silicon diode is immersed is a liquid or a gas based on a rate of transfer of heat from the silicon diode to the fluid. A method for determining the phase of a fluid in which a sensor is immersed includes the steps of immersing the sensor in a fluid and increasing power applied to the sensor. The value of a thermal transient of the sensor is then measured and the phase of the fluid is determined based on the measured value of the thermal transient.

The present invention relates to measuring the liquid level or position of a gas/liquid interface along the length of a probe and, in particular, to a probe for measuring the temperature and gas/liquid interface position in a tank of cryogenic liquid.
In cryogenic liquid tanks (for example, propellant tanks for aerospace vehicles), it is important to know the temperature in various levels of the liquid and to know the level of the liquid within the tank. As the density of the liquid varies with temperature, this information is important to determine such values as the mass of the liquid in the tank.
Propellant tanks are usually more than 5 feet tall and typically in the range of 8 to 100 feet tall. One known device for the measurement of the temperatures in these tanks includes temperature sensors mounted on a metallic rake-like structure consisting of vertical and horizontal beams with temperature sensors mounted at various locations on the rake. Typical temperature sensors include silicon diodes, thermocouples, thermopiles, thermistors, and RTDs.
Another type of probe used for taking measurements of cryogenic liquid in a tank is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,431,750 to Haberbusch et al, which is incorporated by reference herein. The probe disclosed therein is a lightweight elongate flexible temperature probe including several temperature sensors embedded inside multiple layers of a thin film polyimide or polyester. In two of the layers, thin film copper is etched to form conductors to the sensors. The conductors are in abutting electrical contact with the sensors.
Known temperature probes, such as those described above, can be used to estimate the level of liquid the tank based on the temperatures sensed at various levels. However, in a partially empty tank, the cryogenic liquid may evaporate to form a layer of cryogenic gas above the liquid. Therefore, it can be difficult to ascertain the precise level of the liquid, since the cryogenic gas may have a temperature very close to that of the liquid.

Method and apparatus for detecting the level of a liquid


The present invention relates to an electronic device having two casings connected with each other through a hinge member such that the casings can open and close with respect to each other. The electronic device includes a hinge member suitable for mounting a large size display panel. The second casing includes a back face and a sidewall having a projection which projects inward between the back face and the sidewall, the hinge member includes a first fixing member fixed to the first casing and a second fixing member fixed to the second casing, and one end of the second fixing member is engaged with and fixed to the second casing in a state where the one end enters a gap between the back face and the projection.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electronic device having two casings which are connected to each other by means of a hinge member such that the casings can open and close.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, personal computer (or PC, hereinafter) penetration has been increased not only in offices but also homes. As one example of such a personal computer, a so-called notebook personal computer (notebook PC, hereinafter) is widely known. The notebook PC includes a first casing which is a main body unit provided at its upper face with a keyboard, and a second casing which is a display unit having a display panel. The second casing is connected to the first casing by means of a hinge member such that the second casing can open and close with respect to the first casing. When the notebook PC is used, the second casing is opened with respect to the first casing to a standing position, and when the notebook PC is not used, the second casing is folded such that the second casing is overlapped on the first casing.
As for the notebook PC, it is required to make a screen to be mounted in a casing as large as possible while making the casing as small as possible. To realize this, it is conceived that the notebook PC has a display panel which spreads to the limit width of the second casing in the lateral direction.
In order to open and close the second casing with respect to the first casing, a large load is applied to a lower portion of the second casing on which the hinge member is mounted. Therefore, the hinge member is extended between an inner face of a sidewall of the second casing and a side face of the display panel, and the hinge member is screwed.
However, when it is conceived to mount a display screen of a large size while keeping the outer size of the second casing as it is, even a space for extending the hinge member and screwing the same can not be secured between the inner face of the sidewall of the second casing and the side face of the display panel.
International Patent Application Publication No. WO2003/009263 discloses a structure in which to mount a large size display panel within the casing, it is fixed to the casing at three locations, i.e. , both left and right sides and a central portion of an upper face of the display panel by means of fixing hardware.
However, according to the structure of WO2003/009263, the fixing hardware is disposed between both the left and right sides of the display panel and the sidewall of the casing, only a small size display panel can be mounted correspondingly, and no scheme of the hinge member is shown.


A switch apparatus includes: a button key being displaceably supported in a pressing direction; a displacement portion being displaced in the pressing direction in interlocking relation to the button key; and a switch being disposed on a downstream side in the pressing direction of the button key. The switch is operable a switching action by being pressed by the displacement portion when the button key is operated by pressing. The displacement portion deviates from the button key with respect to the pressing direction.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a switch apparatus for effecting a switching action by a user's pressing operation, and also relates to an image forming apparatus using thereof as an operating switch.
2. Description of the Related Arts
Conventionally, a switch apparatus is known which has a button key (key top and stem) for a user to effect a pressing operation, as well as a switch (switch portion) which is disposed below the button key and is turned on by being brought into contact with and pressed by the button key when the button key is operated by being pressed by the user.
In this type of switch apparatus, the switch is disposed immediately below a button key to allow the pressing force of the pressed button key to be applied to the switch so that the switch can be reliably turned on by the user's pressing operation (e.g., refer to JP-UM-A-1-75934).
In the related art, the key top, the stem, and the switch portion in parentheses indicate constituent elements disclosed in JP-UM-A-1-75934, and correspond to the constituent elements of the switch apparatus stated before these parentheses. Namely, the button key corresponds to the key top and the stem in JP-UM-A-1-75934, and the switch corresponds to the switch portion in JP-UM-A-1-75934.

Switch apparatus and image forming apparatus using thereof


Network equipment which is connected to other network equipment through a network is disclosed. The equipment includes: a detection unit processing picture data and detecting a moving object and a non-moving object; a metadata generation unit generating metadata including information indicating detection statuses of the detection unit and information concerning the moving object and the non-moving object detected in the detection unit; and a data transmission unit transmitting the picture data and the metadata generated in the metadata generation unit to the other network equipment.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to network equipment, a network system and a surveillance camera system. Particularly, the invention relates to network equipment and the like allowing other network equipment to recognize detection statuses of a detection unit by including information indicating the detection statuses of the detection unit in metadata to be transmitted to other network equipment with picture data, in addition to information concerning a moving object or a non-moving object detected in the detection unit.
2. Description of the Related Art
As a surveillance camera system, there is one in which a surveillance camera (network camera) is connected to a recording apparatus through a network and picture data obtained by taking surveillance pictures is transmitted from the surveillance camera to the recording apparatus through the network to be recorded therein (for example, refer to JP-A-2006-80596 (Patent Document 1)). It is considered that, in such kind of surveillance camera system, the surveillance camera further has functions such as detection of a moving object, detection of a non-moving object, transmitting metadata including detection information from the surveillance camera to the recording apparatus to be recorded therein with picture data.

Network equipment, network system and surveillance camera system


Heart stimulating system for stimulating at least a ventricle of a heart including: stimulation pulse generator adapted to generate stimulation pulses and connected to a ventricular stimulation electrode for delivering stimulation pulses, atrial sensing stage connected to an electrode for picking up potentials inside an atrium and adapted to sense an excitation or contraction of atrial myocardium, ventricular sensing stage connected to an electrode for picking up potentials inside a ventricle and adapted to sense an excitation or contraction of ventricular myocardium, memory for AV-delay values, a control unit adapted to trigger said stimulation pulse generator to generate ventricular stimulation pulses timed based on AV-delay values stored in said memory and to acquire atrioventricular interval samples, and atrioventricular interval timing analyzing unit for receiving atrioventricular interval samples from said control unit and adapted to generate at least one histogram based on said atrioventricular interval samples and analyze said histograms.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention refers to a heart stimulation system for stimulating at least one chamber of a heart by means of electrical stimulation pulses that are delivered when a delay time started by a cardiac event expires. The invention particularly refers to implantable medical devices such as implantable pacemakers and implantable cardioverter/defibrillators for atrial synchronous stimulation of a ventricle of a heart.
2. Description of the Related Art
Implantable heart stimulators can be used for cardiac rhythm management (CRM) for treating a variety of heart functional and rhythm disorders including but not limited to bradycardia, tachycardia or fibrillation by way of electric stimulation pulses delivered to the heart tissue, the myocardium. A sufficiently strong stimulation pulse outside a heart chamber's refractory period leads to excitation of the myocardium of that heart chamber, which in turn is followed by a contraction of the respective heart chamber.
Depending on the disorder to be treated, such heart stimulator generates electrical stimulation pulses that are delivered to the heart tissue (myocardium) of a respective heart chamber according to an adequate timing regime. Delivery of stimulation pulses to the myocardium is usually achieved by means of an electrode lead that is electrically connected to a stimulation pulse generator inside a heart stimulator's housing and that carries a stimulation electrode in the region of its distal end. A stimulation pulse also is called a pace. Similarly, pacing a heart chamber means stimulating a heart chamber by delivery of a stimulation pulse.
In order to be able to sense the contraction a heart chamber which occurs naturally without artificial stimulation and which is called an intrinsic contraction, the heart stimulator usually includes at least one sensing stage that is connected to a sensing electrode and said electrode is placed in or near the heart chamber. An intrinsic excitation of a heart chamber results in characteristic electrical potentials that can be picked up via the sensing electrode and that can be evaluated by the sensing stage in order to determine whether an intrinsic excitation—called: intrinsic event—has occurred.
Usually, a heart stimulator features separate stimulation pulse generators for each heart chamber to be stimulated. Therefore, in a dual chamber pacemaker, usually an atrial and a ventricular stimulation pulse generator for generating atrial and ventricular stimulation pulses are provided. Delivery of an atrial or a ventricular stimulation pulse causing an artificial excitation of the atrium or the ventricle, respectively, is called an atrial stimulation event AP (atrial paced event) or a ventricular stimulation event VP (ventricular paced event), respectively.
Similarly, common heart stimulators feature separate sensing stages for each heart chamber to be of interest. In a dual chamber pacemaker usually two separate sensing stages, an atrial sensing stage and a ventricular sensing stage, are provided that are capable to detect intrinsic atrial events AS (atrial sensed event) or intrinsic ventricular events VS (ventricular sensed event), respectively.
As known in the art, separate sensing and pacing stages are provided for three-chamber (right atrium RA, right ventricle RV, left ventricle LV) or four-chamber (right atrium RA, left atrium LA, right ventricle RV, left ventricle LV) pacemakers or ICDs.
By means of a sensing stage for a heart chamber to be stimulated, the pacemaker is able to only trigger stimulation pulses when needed that is when no intrinsic excitation of the heart chamber occurs in the allotted time. Such mode of pacing a heart chamber is called demand mode. In the demand mode the pacemaker schedules an atrial or a ventricular escape interval that causes triggering of an atrial or ventricular stimulation pulse when the escape interval times out. Otherwise, if an intrinsic atrial or ventricular event is detected prior to time out of the respective atrial or ventricular escape interval, triggering of the atrial or ventricular stimulation pulse is inhibited. Such intrinsic (natural, non-stimulated) excitations are manifested by the occurrence of recognizable electrical signals that accompany the excitation and depolarization of a cardiac muscle tissue (myocardium). The depolarization of the myocardium is usually immediately followed by a cardiac contraction. For the purpose of the present application, depolarization and contraction may be considered tightly coupled events and the terms "depolarization" and "contraction" are used herein as synonyms.
In a heart cycle, an excitation of the myocardium leads to a depolarization of the myocardium that leads to a contraction of the heart chamber. If the myocardium is fully depolarized it is unsusceptible for further excitation and is thus refractory. Thereafter, the myocardium repolarizes and thus relaxes and the heart chamber expands again. In a typical intracardiac electrogram (iEGM) depolarization of the ventricle corresponds to a signal known as the "R-wave". The repolarization of the ventricular myocardium coincides with a signal known as the "T-wave". Atrial depolarization is manifested by a signal known as the "P-wave".
A natural contraction of a heart chamber can be similarly detected by the evaluating electrical signals sensed by the sensing channels. In the sensed electrical signal the depolarization of an atrium muscle tissue is manifested by occurrence of a P-wave. Similarly, the depolarization of ventricular muscle tissue is manifested by the occurrence of a R-wave. The detection of a P-wave or a R-wave signifies the occurrence of intrinsic atrial, As, or ventricular, Vs events, respectively.
Several modes of operation are available in state of the art multimode cardiac stimulation systems. The modes of operation are concerned with which chambers of the heart are monitored for native activity; which chambers of the heart are provided with pacing therapy; and which cardiac functions are treated: inter-chamber conduction (AV Node, nodal disease); chronotropy (sinus node, sinus disease); and intra-chamber conduction (bundle branch delays and blocks, conduction disorders). The operational modes of a stimulation system, single, dual or multi-chamber devices, are classified using a standard descriptive code. This invention covers the automatic characterization and determination of the timing objectives for managing inter-chamber and intra-chamber disorders.
The NBG code system is used to describe these modes of operations. In such a code, the first three letters describe the primary configuration. The First letter identifies the chamber of the heart that is paced (i.e., that chamber where a stimulation pulse is delivered), with a "V" indicating the ventricle, an "A" indicating the atrium, and a "D" indicating both the atrium and ventricle. The second letter of the code identifies the chamber wherein cardiac activity is sensed, using the same letters, and wherein an "O" indicates no sensing occurs. The third letter of the code identifies the action or response that is taken by the pacemaker. In general, three types of action or responses are recognized: (1) an Inhibiting ("I") response wherein a stimulation pulse is delivered to the designated chamber at the conclusion of the appropriate escape interval unless cardiac activity is sensed during the escape interval, in which case the stimulation pulse is inhibited; (2) a Trigger ("T") response wherein a stimulation pulse to a prescribed chamber of the heart following a prescribed period of time after a sensed event; or (3) a Dual ("D") response wherein both the Inhibiting mode and Trigger mode may be evoked, e.g., with the "inhibiting" occurring in one chamber of the heart and the "triggering" in the other.
To the primary three-letter code, a fourth letter "R" may optionally be added to designate a rate-responsive pacemaker and/or whether the rate-responsive features of such a rate-responsive pacemaker are enabled ("O" typically being used to designate that rate-responsive operation has been disabled). A rate-responsive pacemaker is one wherein a specified parameter or combination of parameters, such as physical activity, the amount of oxygen in the blood, the temperature of the blood, etc., is sensed with an appropriate sensor and is used as a physiological indicator of what the pacing rate should be. When enabled, such rate-responsive pacemaker thus provides stimulation pulses that best meet the physiological demands of the patient.
To the fore mentioned first 4-letter code, a fifth code field may be added to designate the inter-chamber configuration.
A dual chamber pacemaker featuring an atrial and a ventricular sensing stage and an atrial and a ventricular stimulation pulse generator can be operated in a number of stimulation modes like VVI, wherein atrial sense events are ignored and no atrial stimulation pulses are generated, but only ventricular stimulation pulses are delivered in a demand mode, AAI, wherein ventricular sense events are ignored and no ventricular stimulation pulses are generated, but only atrial stimulation pulses are delivered in a demand mode, or DDD, wherein both, atrial and ventricular stimulation pulses are delivered in a demand mode. In such DDD mode of pacing, ventricular stimulation pulses can be generated in synchrony with sensed intrinsic atrial events and thus in synchrony with an intrinsic atrial rate, wherein a ventricular stimulation pulse is scheduled to follow an intrinsic atrial contraction after an appropriate atrioventricular delay (AV-delay; AVD), thereby maintaining the hemodynamic benefit of atrioventricular synchrony.
The AV-delay determines the chronological relation between an atrial event and a prescribed point of time of a ventricular event, the ventricular escape interval.
Since an optimal AV-delay may vary for different heart rates or stimulation rates and may even vary from patient to patient, the AV-delay usually is adjustable.
In order to promote natural ventricular events, often the ventricular escape interval is extended by a short time interval thus resulting in a prolonged ventricular escape interval called "AV hysteresis interval"


Lifting column, preferably for height adjustable tables, said lifting column comprising at least two relative to each other telescopically arranged members (2a, 2b, 2c). At least one slider (11) is arranged between the two members (2a, 2b, 2c), said slider being secured to one of the members (2b). The problem is play between the members (2a, 2b, 2c), resulting in an unstable lifting column. For solution of this problem the member (2b) to which the slider (11) is secured, is furnished with a resilient section (17) outlined by a groove (16, 18) against which at least a part of the slider (11) rests. The resilient section (17) can push the slider (11) into firm engagement against the two members (2b, 2c), at which a stable lifting column which is free from play is achieved.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a lifting column, preferably for height-adjustable tables, the lifting column including at least two relative to each other telescopically arranged members and at least one slider arranged between the two members, the slider being secured to one of the two members. Further, the invention relates to a table furnished with a lifting column of the type described above.
2. The Prior Art
The focus on working environment in recent years has resulted in a wish for free height-adjustment of also common work tables, such as desks. In that connection, lifting columns especially for tables have been developed during the past decade which allows a person to choose freely whether he wishes to sit or stand at the table. This development has caused the price for the height-adjustment to become a determining factor. According to European standard EN 527 the table should be adjustable from a height of 60 cm to 120 cm, but some standards prescribes a higher height, e.g., the Dutch standard NEN 2449, which prescribes an interval from 62 cm to 128 cm. The standing height of the desk makes special demands on the stability of the lifting columns.
The lifting columns are usually made from steel tubes or extruded aluminum tubes cut into desired lengths. Between the individual members the lifting column is furnished with sliders of plastic in the shape of bushings and/or separate bricks, just as sliders in the shape of axially running lists are also known. In some cases ball guides are also used between the members, cf. e.g., WO 97/47217 A1 Herbert Grüttner GmbH & Co KG, which is being practiced by Linak A/S, Denmark, in the lifting column, DL1. On the whole, with regard to the price, only sliders of solid plastic are used.
Generally seen, the tubes are subject to two innate disadvantages—the first being a relatively large dimensional tolerance, which causes relatively large variations in the gap between the members. This further results in that a relatively large play may occur between the members. The play causes the table to appear unstable, which from a user's point of view is unacceptable. A processing of the tubes in order to reduce the dimensional tolerances would result in the lifting columns being unacceptably expensive.
The other disadvantage is that the tubes during the manufacturing process may be twisted about their longitudinal axis. For a tube having, e.g., a square cross section this would result in the cross section, being twisted out off angle, which would cause the gap between the two members to become non-uniform, unless they by chance have the same angle of twist. The gap will not only be non-uniform in its width, but will also vary depending on how much the two members have been twisted relative to each other. It becomes even more troublesome if the two members have been twisted in opposite directions.
To counter the play, adjustable sliders which may be fitted to the present width of the gap have been developed, cf. e.g. EP 1 250 866 A1 Assenburg BV, EP 1 004 784 A1 Magnetic Elektromotoren AG and DE 298 12 762 U1 Phoenix Mecano Komponenten AG, which are all based on sliding wedge-shaped elements in the sliders. Another solution is disclosed in DK-171 903 B1 Linak A/S having adjusting screws for pressing the slider into engagement. In any case the mounting becomes difficult and time-consuming.
WO 02/063996 A1, Rol Egonomic AB discloses a solution for lifting columns having a circular cross section, where sliders in the shape of open rings are placed in countersunk grooves in the members. The solution only takes a situation into account where the slider is larger than the gap between the members. In this situation the slider retracts and adapts to the gap. The solution does not allow for the opposite situation where the gap is wider than the slider. Furthermore, an internal countersinking of grooves in the members is a relatively expensive process.
EP 1 479 963 A2 Heinrich J Kesseböhmer KG discloses a solution with a slider consisting of a hard and a flexible layer, where the flexible layer is intended for compensating for manufacturing and dimensional tolerances. The idea is thus to harden the flexible layer after the mounting. This is a demanding, uncertain and undoubtedly expensive process.
WO 03/047389 A1, Linak A/S discloses another solution where the slider which fits the gap between the members best is chosen from a range of sliders with various thickness where after a local deformation across from the slider is carried out in order to equalize the dimensioning tolerances. Thus, a highly stable lifting column is achieved but the mounting is obvious difficult and expensive, just as the tool for performing the local deformations is rather expensive.
The purpose of the invention is to provide a lifting column as stated in the introductory portion with a simplification of the mounting process of the sliders, which further ensures a stable lifting column.

Lifting column preferably for height-adjustable tables


A shadow mask for a cathode ray tube includes an aperture area having a plurality of apertures passing electron beams, a non-aperture area extending a predetermined distance from a circumference of the aperture area and a skirt extending a predetermined distance from an outside circumference of the non-aperture area and bent at a predetermined angle to the non-aperture area, wherein the aperture area has predetermined curvature radii, and wherein if a curvature radius in a horizontal direction of the aperture area is Rhs, and a curvature radius in a vertical direction is Rvs, the following condition is satisfied,0.6<Rvs/Rhs<0.8.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a shadow mask for a cathode ray tube. More particularly, the present invention relates to a shadow mask that is suitable for use in a cathode ray tube having a large and flat panel, and to a cathode ray tube using the shadow mask.
2. Description of the Related Art
When a cathode ray tube (CRT) is applied as the main element in a color television, a shadow mask used in the CRT performs a color selection function by directing electron beams emitted from an electron gun such that the electron beams correctly land on a phosphor screen. The shape of such a shadow mask is determined by the size and shape of the CRT panel, which is a front glass portion of the CRT. The shadow mask typically has a curvature radius of R=2,000 mm in a diagonal direction of the shadow mask (assuming the shadow mask is substantially rectangular). However, with consumer preference for larger and flatter screens in recent times, it is necessary to increase the size and flatten the shadow mask when used in such a CRT.
In practice, when a shadow mask is applied to a large-sized CRT using a panel with a flat external surface and a curved inner surface, a shadow mask is used that matches the size of the panel but is curved identically to conventional shadow masks. If the shadow mask is both enlarged and its curvature radius increased, the mask becomes structurally weak. This causes many problems. For example, if the curvature radius of the shadow mask is 1.6 R or greater, the shadow mask may be easily deformed by an external shock of a predetermined force or greater. Such deformation of the shadow mask significantly reduces the quality of the CRT.
Further, the shadow mask becomes vulnerable to howling, a phenomenon caused by transfer of vibration, if increased in size and made flatter. For example, if the CRT having a shadow mask is used in a large color television, the shadow mask vibrates as a result of sound generated by the speakers. With the increase in the size of the shadow mask, howling becomes even more of a problem since the shadow mask becomes structurally weak.
To remedy the problem of deformation of the shadow mask as a result of receiving a shock, a thickness of the panel to which the shadow mask is mounted is adjusted. In particular, peripheral portions of the panel are made greater in thickness than a center portion of the same (approximately two times thicker or more), and the shadow mask is formed having a corresponding radius such that damage caused by external shock may be reduced.
However, by this formation of the panel in which the peripheral portions are made thicker than the center portion thereof, the overall weight of the CRT increases. This makes manufacture more difficult and may inconvenience users when moving the device.
In addition, if an optimum thickness ratio between the center and peripheries of the panel in consideration of the shock characteristics of the shadow mask is not able to be obtained, that is, if the thickness at peripheries is too great compared to the thickness of the center portion of the panel, it becomes necessary to form a coating film, which adjusts transmissivity, on a front surface of the panel in order to prevent a deterioration in contrast characteristics of the CRT caused by the transmissivity of the glass forming the panel. This extra step of forming the coating film complicates the overall manufacturing process, ultimately increasing CRT unit costs.
Therefore, a reduction in the shock characteristics of the shadow mask when making the panel flat and increasing the size of the panel and shadow mask, as well as the complication in the manufacture of the CRT resulting from attempts to improve its brightness characteristics are contrary to efforts at providing a superior CRT.

Shadow mask for cathode ray tube having an aperture area in which a curvature of radii in the horizontal and vertical directions satisfy a particular condition


There are provided a method for providing a relay network and a mobile router and a network relay system using the same. The method for providing the relay network is performed in the mobile router generating the relay network using a plurality of mobile terminals. The method for providing the relay network includes checking a remaining data usage amount for the plurality of respective mobile terminals using a first wireless communications network, checking a tethering priority using the remaining data usage amount and determining a first mobile terminal having the highest tethering priority, and configuring the relay network by providing wireless data provided from the remainder of mobile terminals to the first mobile terminal through a second wireless communications network.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for providing a relay network, and a mobile router and network relay system using the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
In accordance with a development of electronics technology, miniaturization and the implementation of multi-functionalization in mobile communications terminals have been implemented. Particularly, the application of various types of wireless communications technology to mobile communications terminals has occurred, and various kinds of wireless communications such as cellular communications, wireless local area networks, Bluetooth, and the like have also been applied to mobile terminals such as smartphones.
As a plurality of types of wireless communications technology are applied to a single terminal, a network relay technology, controlling a use of a relatively inexpensive wireless communications network, has become an issue. In addition, the above-mentioned technology has developed in the direction of technology in which a predetermined wireless network can be formed between a plurality of wireless terminals and a wireless communications network can be relayed using the plurality of terminals. As an example of the above-mentioned technology, technologies such as a tethering have been developed.
Recently, technologies designating any one of the plurality of terminals as a gateway to allow the plurality of terminals to perform the tethering through any one designated terminal have been developed.
As examples of the above-mentioned related art, Patent Document 1 of the following Related Art Documents discloses a technology related to a method for providing a relay network, a network connection method and a wireless communications group applying the same, and Patent Document 2 discloses a technology related to a tethering service based traffic control system and a method thereof.
However, the above-mentioned related art inventions provide the tethering using any one of the plurality of mobile terminals, but consideration of a portion becoming a main portion needs to be made in providing the above-mentioned network, that is, charges for providing the network may be excessive.
In addition, there is a limitation on relay networks in terms of stability. This is a problem frequently occurring due to characteristics of the mobile terminal having signal sensitivity frequently changed according to mobility and has a limitation by which integrity and stability of the communication network may not be secured.

Method for providing relay network, mobile router and network relay system using the same


A fuel injection pump is provided which can be manufactured without an increase in the manufacturing cost and which is configured so that the sealing performance of an electromagnetic spill valve can be maintained with minimum maintenance cost.

Conventionally, a fuel injection pump mounted on a large diesel engine is known in which timing and number of times of fuel injection is controlled corresponding to the driving state of the engine for improving fuel efficiency and reducing exhaust gas emission. In such a fuel injection pump, an electromagnetic spill valve is opened and closed at optional timing so as to perform accurate fuel injection.
In the electromagnetic spill valve, a spill valve body is opened and closed complicatedly and quickly corresponding to the driving state of the engine, whereby large impact and rubbing occur continuously. As a result, abrasion occurs in a seal surface and a valve seat, whereby the seal surface cannot sit closely on the valve seat and fuel leaks. Accordingly, for improving abrasion resistance of the seal surface and the valve seat, it is necessary to construct the spill valve body and the whole housing with material having high strength, whereby the manufacturing cost is increased.
Then, the art has been proposed in which material (surface) constructing one of a spill valve body (valve object) in which a seal surface (seat part) is formed and a housing (valve body) in which a valve seat (valve seat part) is formed is softer than material constructing the other thereof. According to this art, when abrasion occurs in the seal surface (seat part) or the valve seat (valve seat part), the one of the surfaces formed the softer material follows the shape of the other surface, whereby the seat part touches closely to the valve seat part and the leakage of fuel is reduced. The art shown in the Patent Literature 1 is an example of the above-mentioned art.
However, in such an art as shown in the Patent Literature 1, when the abrasion in the seat part and the valve seat part is advanced and the effect of reduction of fuel leakage by the softer material cannot be obtained, the whole electromagnetic spill valve must be exchanged for maintain the sealing characteristic of the electromagnetic spill valve. Namely, there is a problem in that construction members of the electromagnetic spill valve which do not need to be exchanged are exchanged simultaneously, whereby the maintenance cost which is not necessary essentially is caused.


A flexible pouch for packaging a product, such as a carbonated beverage, is provided that includes a front panel and a back panel each having an upper edge, a lower edge opposite the upper edge, and side edges extending therebetween the upper and lower edges. The pouch includes a first closing seal extending along an upper edge of the joined front and back panel formed a predetermined length from the open edge so that there is no dead space inside the pouch between the product and the first closing seal and a second closing seal outside the first closing seal, to form a pocket trapping some of the product between the first closing seal and the second closing seal. A method of forming and filling the pouch includes the steps of forming each panel and joining two panels by scaling together the side edges and lower edge. The method also includes the steps of opening the pouch and filling the pouch with the product. The method further includes the steps of closing the filled pouch by forming a first closing seal extending along an upper edge of the pouch a predetermined length from the upper edge, such that there is no dead space inside the pouch between the product and the first closing seal, and forming a second seal between the first closing seal and the upper edge thereby trapping the product between the first closing seal and the second closing seal, and finishing the pouch.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to flexible pouches for packaging a product and, more specifically, to a flexible pouch for packaging a product and a method of manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
Various types of disposable, portable containers are known in the art for storing a fluid or dry product, such as a liquid, granular material, powder or the like. One example of such a container is a flexible pouch. Consumers prefer the convenience of flexible pouches, due to their shape, size and shelf life. Manufacturers recognize the packaging benefits of a flexible pouch, since the pouch can be formed and filled on the same manufacturing line. An example of a method and apparatus for filling a flexible pouch with a product is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,199,601, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The flexible pouch is made from a flexible material, preferably a laminate composed of sheets of plastic or aluminum or the like. In this example, the material is available in sheet form, on a roll. An outer layer of the material may include preprinted information, such as a logo, or the like, to provide the consumer with information regarding the contents of the pouch. The pouch may be formed using conventionally known manufacturing techniques, such as a horizontal form-fill seal machine, a flat bed pre-made pouch machine, a vertical form-fill machine, or the like. The pouch is generally formed by folding sheets of material over each other to achieve a predetermined shape. Edges, such as a side edge, are joined together using a sealing technique such as bonding or welding. Alternatively, the pouch is formed by laying one layer of material over a second layer of material and forming a gusset along two parallel edges to form a pouch capable of standing unsupported. An upper edge of the front panel and back panel is generally not sealed until after the pouch is filled. The empty pouch may be placed in a holder such as a cup or puck prior to the filling process. To fill the pouch, the upper edges of the pouch are spread apart. For example, a concentrated flow of gas is directed towards the upper edge of the pouch to separate the panels. Grippers may also be utilized at the same time to pull the panels apart. The pouch is filled, sealed and finished.
Flexible pouches have been used for some time to distribute non-carbonated beverages, such as fruit juice and the like. However, their use with carbonated beverages has been limited since the presently available materials are somewhat permeable, thereby allowing loss of the internal carbon dioxide gas from the pouch and its replacement with oxygen. The presence of oxygen in the filled pouch increases the chance of bacteria forming, or may affect the taste. Thus, there is a need in the art for a flexible pouch that can be used to distribute carbonated beverages and a method of making such a pouch.

Flexible pouch and method of forming a flexible pouch


Disclosed is an aqueous adhesive composition, the adhesive properties of which are barely degraded due to aging. The aqueous adhesive composition according to the present invention has the technical features of comprising a monomer having a hydroxyl group, and of not forming a chelate compound after polymerization. Thus, the aqueous adhesive composition has the advantages of having little reduction in adhesive properties thereof due to an increase in gel content.

Currently, most adhesives generally used in adhesive tapes, labels and the like are solvent type adhesives and discharge volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Thus, recently, development from solvent type adhesives to aqueous adhesives has been made to satisfy tightened environmental regulations.
Techniques related to an aqueous adhesive composition are disclosed in documents, such as Korean Patent Publication No. 10-017741 and the like. An aqueous adhesive prepared through emulsion polymerization in the art typically uses acrylic acid as a functional monomer in order to impart high peel strength and cohesion. Use of acrylic acid in the aqueous adhesive composition enables impartment of high adhesion regardless of types of adherends. However, such acrylic acid reacts with ionic impurities included in initiators, emulsifiers, neutralizers and thickeners to form a chelate after polymerization. Such a chelate increases gel content, causing increase in hardness and reduction in adhesion of adhesives.
As described above, to prevent formation of the chelate due to the acrylic acid and ionic impurities, low-ionic emulsion polymerization may be performed. However, emulsion polymerization using a minimum amount of nonionic chemicals has a problem of deterioration in productivity due to deterioration in polymerization stability and generation of agglomerates. In addition, there is a problem in that defects are generated in a finally prepared adhesive coating layer.
To solve such problems, there is a need for an aqueous adhesive composition which is not affected by ionic impurities used in emulsion polymerization.

Aqueous adhesive composition that changes little over time


A method of preconditioning an electrode for use in a plating bath monitoring process. The method involves applying at least one anodic signal to an electrode in contact with the plating bath solution in order to yield a reproducibly clean and stabilized electrode surface, and then applying a plating signal to deposit a layer of metal on the anodically treated electrode. The resultant preconditioned electrode improves the accuracy and precision of subsequent voltammetric monitoring measurements for a variety of different plating baths. The method is easily integrated with and thereby enhances the capabilities of known voltammetric plating bath monitoring processes.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to plating baths and methods for monitoring the constituents contained therein. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for preconditioning an electrode used to monitor plating bath constituents.
2. Description of Related Art
A typical plating bath solution is comprised of a combination of several different electrochemical constituents. The specific constituents vary depending upon the type of plating bath, but in general can be broadly divided into what are commonly known as major constituents and minor, or trace, constituents. It has long been recognized that appropriate levels of both major and trace constituents must be maintained to consistently produce high quality, reliable plated material at low cost. The monitoring and control of plating baths is therefore a major concern to the electronics, automotive and general electroplating industries.
Voltammetric signal analysis provides an efficient means for monitoring a plating bath solution. One such monitoring process is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,631,116, assigned to the present assignee. The method disclosed therein applies a combined ac and dc voltammetric signal to an electrode in contact with the plating solution to produce ac current spectra which indicate trace constituent concentration levels. In order to achieve accurate, repeatable and robust results, plating bath analysis methods such as these include a means for preconditioning the electrode to yield a reproducibly clean and reactive electrode surface. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,631,116, the electrode is pretreated by applying one or more anodic voltages for a certain period of time prior to the measurement of the ac spectra. The voltage and application time of the pretreatment signal are varied to determine the settings which provide the best measurement repeatability for a particular constituent.
For certain types of plating baths and constituents, however, anodic preconditioning alone may not produce adequate measurement accuracy and repeatability. In a chromium plating bath solution, for example, repeatable and robust results are difficult to obtain regardless of the voltage and duration of the anodic preconditioning signal. Similar problems may arise with other types of plating baths. In such a situation, the benefits of the monitoring process are lost as a result of inadequate electrode preconditioning.
As is apparent from the above, there presently is a need for a simple and versatile preconditioning method which improves monitoring accuracy and repeatability for a wide variety of plating baths and constituents. The method should provide an alternative preconditioning technique suitable for use in those situations where anodic preconditioning alone yields unsatisfactory results. Furthermore, the method should be compatible with existing voltammetric analysis systems, thereby expanding the measurement capability of those systems without requiring additional equipment.

Electrode preconditioning method for a plating bath monitoring process


A crankcase for an internal combustion engine, having a suction arrangement which is assigned to the crankcase and is configured for ventilating the crankcase of blow-by gas, in particular a gas/oil mixture, to produce a limited vacuum in the crankcase is disclosed. The crankcase has at least one dividing wall which is configured to feed blow-by gas and to separate oil. A ventilating housing part and a carrier housing part which is arranged above the ventilating housing part in included in the crankcase. The dividing wall is formed between the ventilating housing part and the carrier housing part and a suction arrangement is formed in the form of a suction jet pump which is configured for extracting oil from the dividing wall.

A problem created in a crankcase as the result of blow-by gases mixed with oil is known, by way of example, from DE 234479. In internal combustion engines, it is fundamentally impossible to avoid the passage of a certain amount of combustion gases mixed with oil or liquid fractions of oil between a working piston and a combustion cylinder, into an interior space of the crankcase. The abovementioned document suggests suctioning off corresponding blow-by gases via a fan. In order to prevent oil fractions from depositing in the fan or in subsequent connector parts, the prior art document suggests attaching a cooler in the form of the fan for the purpose of allowing the oil fractions to condense. The condensed oil fractions are made usable once more by the same flowing back into the crankcase by means of gravity in a suitable uptake tube. However, the problem with this approach is that the separation of oil from the blow-by gas must take place at a position in the crankcase with a sufficient geodetic height to enable the gravity-supported return flow of the oil.
One solution known from DE 2845955 works around this problem by suctioning the blow-by gas along with the oil vapors out of the crankcase and into a forced circulation loop of one of the media of the engine. For this purpose, a Venturi tube is arranged in the oil system between the oil pressure outlet for the lubricating oil and the oil pan. A Venturi tube can alternatively be arranged in a loop of the precompression air as well, such that the oil vapor is carried by the flow of the precompression air, and in this manner is routed back into the cylinder. The latter can also be configured to utilize an auxiliary line excluded from the force circulation loop. However, this configuration has the problem that—as mentioned above—the oil fractions in the blow-by gas contaminate the subsequent fans, compressor, and other lines and means of conveyance in the forced circulation loop.
The above mentioned disadvantages can be avoided by a proposed separation wall for the routing of blow-by gas and the separation of oil. A suitable separation wall is included in DE 10128465 A1, by way of example, and is formed by means of a vaned wheel arranged radially to a crankcase. In a principally advantageous manner, this solution is based on the concept of evacuating the blow-by gas from the crankcase while separating oil out of the blow-by gas. Such a conceptualization prevents the very undesirable contamination of the periphery of an internal combustion engine. However, it is desirable to implement this concept in a simplified manner.


A method of determining at least one parameter of a waveguide (3) from wavefield data acquired from wave propagation in the waveguide including obtaining first and second dispersion curves (9a, 9b, 9c) in the frequency domain from the wavefield data. A frequency interval between the first dispersion curve and the second dispersion curve is found, and this is used in the determination of at least one parameter of the waveguide. The frequency separation Δƒ(V) between the first and second dispersion curves may be found at a particular value of the phase velocity V, and the thickness h of the waveguide can be found using:

Guided waves result from multiple reflections in layered media. A guided wave occurs when a wave propagating in a layer is incident on a boundary of the layer at an angle to the surface normal greater than the "critical angle". As is well known, when the incident angle to the surface normal is greater than the critical angle, the sine of the angle of transmission to the surface normal, as determined by Snell's Law, is greater than 1. A wave transmitted out of the layer may exist only as an evanescent wave, and the phenomenon of "total internal reflection" occurs. The waves are therefore trapped in the layer and propagate as guided waves within the layer that do not decay significantly with travel distance. A layer that transmit guided waves in this way is called a "waveguide". The waveguide effect is shown schematically in FIG. 1. A wave 1 propagating in a layer 2 is incident on a boundary 3 of the layer. When the incident angle to the surface normal is greater than the critical angle θc, total internal reflection occurs leading to a guided wave. This is shown by the full line in FIG. 1. (If the angle of incidence, to the normal to the surface 3, is less than the critical angle then the wave is partially transmitted and partially reflected, as shown by the dotted lines.)
When the guided waves are recorded along the waveguide surface the apparent slowness or phase velocity of the guided waves exhibit dispersion—that is, they are each a function of the frequency of the waves. This dispersive character of guided waves can be used to obtain information about a waveguide or, more generally, about material properties of, and wave propagation velocities in, layered media. This is commonly achieved by solving an inverse problem, and matching a dispersion curve obtained for a numerical model of a waveguide to an observed dispersion curve. One such method is described by M. Roth and K. Holliger, in "Joint inversion of Rayleigh and guided waves in high-resolution seismic data using a genetic algorithm", Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Expanded Abstracts, pp 1570–1573 (1998). They suggested picking the dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves and guided waves in dispersion images and inverting them to obtain the velocity of P-waves, the velocity of S-waves, and the density of the waveguide using a genetic algorithm. This method requires an iterative inversion for P-velocity, S-velocity and waveguide density in the top layer and halfspace—6 parameters in total—and so requires considerable computing power. Furthermore, this method requires the waveguide density, either as prior knowledge or as a parameter in the inversion.
Dispersion images have also been used, by J. Xia et al. in "Estimation of near-surface shear-wave velocity by inversion of Rayleigh waves", Geophysics, Vol. 64, pp 691–700 (1999), to analyse dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves. The inversion of Rayleigh waves provides only S-velocities. The P-velocities are assumed to be known. This method also requires knowledge of the density of the waveguide layer.

Abstract: Δ                                f                    (        V        )              =            c      1              2            h                              1          -                                    c              1              2                                      V              2                                          Here, c1 is the velocity of wave propagation in the waveguide. This may be found from the asymptotic velocity values of the dispersion curves.


A reliable, inexpensive option for the plates that function as wear parts and are mounted on an inner face of a casting wall of a stator. To achieve this the plates are designed as cast parts and are fixed to the inner face of the casting wall from an exterior of the stator. The plates are fixed by fixing bolts, which are screwed into the plates through the casting wall from the exterior. The plates have transverse threaded bores that correspond to the bolts. Respective spacer rings are pushed onto the fixing bolts secured by wedge-shaped cotters in both a positive and non-positive fit, and the wedge-shaped cotter pressing on the spacer rings that lie against the outer face of the casting wall. This invention is extremely economical and improves the operational safety in comparison to known options.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a stator for an impact crusher for separation of compound materials, with an outer face of the casing wall and an inner face of the casing wall, which is plated with a plurality of plates with ribs, wherein the plates are designed as wear parts and are attached replaceably.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Impact crushers are used in a variety of different technical fields, but herein only the use regarding the separation of compound materials is of interest. Such compound materials can be compounds of metal/metal, plastic/plastic, metal/plastic or mineral compounds with metals and/or plastics. Because the physical properties of the individual components of the compounds are different, such compound particles are separated in impact crushers and with each impulse different materials deform unequally elastically and unequally plastically and thereby separate. Typical compound materials, which are processed by the applicant are, for example, electronic waste and shredder waste of all kind, in particular from car recycling.
The use of impact crushers in this area is associated with enormous wear of the hammer tools as well as of the crusher walls. Accordingly the crusher walls, which are the inner casing wall of respective stators of such impact crushers, are plated with replaceable plates, which comprise ribs, on which particles of the compound materials to be delaminated impinge with high energy. As soon as the ribs are reduced to a certain minimum due to respective wear, the plates have to be replaced. Typically, such plates are made from steel plates and the ribs are formed by slotting machines or by milling. The back side of such plates are fitted to the actual casing wall of the stator.
From Great Britain Patent Reference GB-A-1397674 an impact crusher is known, the stator of which comprises a carrier plate on which a plurality of rib-shaped projections are welded, between which hammer tools are rotating pivotably supported on a rotor. The respective plate is attached to hydraulic-slide elements in order to adjust the plate according to the wear. After wearout of the projections, the entire adjustable base plate has to be replaced accordingly. This requires a relatively complex disassembly.
From PCT Patent Reference WO 00/53324 (BHS Sonthofen) another impact crusher is known, which represents the closest prior art. This stator of an impact mill serves for separation of compound materials and comprises an outer face of the casing wall as well as an inner face of the casing wall, which is plated with a plurality of plates with ribs, wherein the plates are designed as wear parts and are attached replaceably. This known solution intends to simply hook-in the plates tile-like at the upper edge of the stator casing wall. Accordingly, the plates have a continuous longitudinal rib with a hook-shaped cross section extending on the upper edge portion. This longitudinal rib engages in a ring groove formed on the stator wall. Along the periphery of the stator a plurality of such plates are hooked-in. The plates, which have a relatively high weight, are kept in position solely by gravity and are positioned abutting each other relatively tight. Normally, such plates are easy to replace but the mounting of these plates carries a potentially high risk. The peripheral speed in such impact crushers can be up to several hundreds km/h, which represents a high potential energy. If bigger parts get into the impact crusher, which accordingly are hard, because the shredder could not crush them, then these parts can be wedged in between the rotor and the stator. Although the hammer tools are typically supported pivotably, instantaneous acceleration forces occur, which can result in displacing of the plates or even in unhooking. After such an event a complete revision of the impact crusher is necessary.


A dispenser has a barrel which is closed at one end by a base and has a plurality of apertures at the other end through which a viscous material such as a gel or lotion is dispensed. In one aspect, the invention can be a dispenser for a viscous substance comprising: a barrel having a base at a first end and an upper wall area having a plurality of apertures at a second end; a seal unit having a bottom surface with a plurality of projections depending from the bottom surface; and the seal unit positioned so that the bottom surface of the seal unit is in contact with the upper wall area of the barrel and the plurality of projections enter into the plurality of apertures.

Antiperspirant and deodorant products can be in the form of gels or lotions. These usually are sold in oval shaped dispensers where the lotion or gel is in the body of the dispenser. The dispenser is comprised of a barrel which is closed by a base on a lower end and has a plurality of dispensing openings on an upper end. The base may support an elevator which assists in dispensing the gel or lotion through the plurality of dispensing apertures. The elevator can be moved manually or through an elevator wheel activation mechanism attached to the base. The plurality of apertures usually is closed with a peelable foil seal. This is removed by the user and discarded. This foil provides a good seal. However, it requires another operation in the manufacturing process to apply the seal to the dispenser. Further, if the foil seal is not properly applied there can be leakage from the dispenser.
A new seal has been developed which gives leak proof seals. This seal is formed just subsequent to the formation of the barrel. The barrel is molded and a thermoplastic seal, preferably a thermoplastic elastomer seal, then is molded onto the barrel. The thermoplastic seal flows into each of the plurality of dispensing apertures of the barrel and separately seals each of these openings. This thermoplastic seal usually will be a one-time use seal. However a reusable seal adopting this concept could be developed for particular products if one is needed.


In a combination contract, up to two different prices can be selected for each leg or sub-contract. The number of products for each leg or sub-contract are allocated between the two prices. Allowing each sub-contract to be traded at different price ticks within the spread ensures a correct net price for the combination contract, which can be repeated any number of times.

When trading contracts for commodities, financial instruments or the like at an exchange in is quite common that the parties involved in the trade want to trade a number of different contracts all at the same time. Such an order involving a number of simultaneous trades of different products usually is given the precondition that the combined price for all the different subcontracts is equal or better than a predetermined price.
An order involving a number of different simultaneous trades of contracts is usually referred to as a combination order or a combination contract order. For example, a person may wish to buy 7 contracts A and sell 6 contracts B and not pay more than $100 for the whole combination contract. The amount that the person pays or receives when a combination order is traded is referred to the net price of the combination order.
Furthermore, when a combination contract (or a number of them) is to be executed at a given net price, it is often necessary to determine the price for each product/sub-contract of the combination order. The price for each sub-contract, sometimes referred to as a"leg," must be set so that when executing all the legs of a combination contract, the total price of all legs will equal the net price of the combination.
However, the prices for the sub-contracts can not be set arbitrarily. The reason for this is the price structure of most existing exchanges. The price for a given contract is generally traded at a discrete price. In other words, the contract price has to be at a valid price tick, i.e. an integer times the tick size. Also, there is a restriction that the net price has to be a valid price tick. For each product at each particular time, there will also be a valid "interval" corresponding to the price gap between the best selling price and best buying price (bid/ask), which is termed the "spread."
When trading combination contracts, it is always desired and in some cases required that the price for each sub-contract/leg be within the spread at the time when the combination order is traded.
However, today there exist no way of ensuring that all legs are traded within the spread for each product traded in the combination contract. The problem arises from the fact that the sub-contracts are all traded at discrete prices. Thus, the prices for the individual legs in some cases are hard to find regardless of which multipliers the legs in the combination have, regardless of the different spreads, regardless of the tick size, regardless of the combination quantity, and regardless of the net price at which the combination order is matched.
An additional problem relates to the calculations carried out in an automated exchange system when trying to determine the prices for the individual legs. Such calculations using a conventional algorithm are extensive, and use much processor power. Even then, conventional calculations still may fail to deliver prices for the individual legs that are within the spread. The practical result is to let one or more of the legs be traded at a price outside the current spread or to reject the combination order.
Hence, there is a need to find a way to ensure that all combination orders can be traded regardless of which multipliers the legs in the combination contract have, regardless of the different spreads, regardless of the tick size, regardless of the combination quantity and regardless of the net price. The solution should preferably also reduce the processor load.

Method and a system related to determining the price of a combination contract


The present invention is a monolithic integrated differential amplifier having an operational amplifier and a digitally controlled means for setting the gain of said differential amplifier wherein the gain is adjustable by means of a resistive feedback network formed by a resistor chain whose taps are coupled via a multiplexer to the operational amplifier. The operational amplifier in the present invention is designated as an adaptive amplifier because its gain-bandwidth product is digitally adjustable in steps, with the respective gain-bandwidth product selected being adapted to the gain setting of the monolithic integrated differential amplifier.

Monolithic integrated circuits with digital gain setting are commonly used to control the gain of analog signals. The ability to control the gain of an analog signal is particularly important if the analog signal is to be digitized by means of an analog-to-digital converter and if the analog signal varies widely in amplitude. Without the ability to control the gain of analog signals, digital resolution of such signals would be greatly reduced at small amplitudes.
The ability to digitally adjust the gain of integrated circuits and amplifiers is well-known in the art. In "IEEE A Journal of Solid-State Circuits" Vol. SC-22, No. 6, December 1987, pages 1082 to 1089, an article entitled "A Programmable Gain/Loss Circuit" describes in detail a monolithic integrated circuit which can be switched in gain or loss via a data input. The circuit, which is implemented in CMOS technology, contains an operational amplifier and a resistive feedback network formed by a chain of resistors whose taps can be connected individually via a 1-out-of-n switch (=multiplexer) to the inverting amplifier input. The ratio of the feedback resistance to the input resistance, and hence the gain setting of the monolithic integrated circuit depends on the tapping point chosen. One disadvantage of this prior art arrangement is that the gain-bandwidth product is fixed by the operational amplifier, usually for the most unfavorable case of full negative feedback. This reduces the bandwidth for all other gains. The higher the adjusted gain, the narrower the attainable bandwidth.
It is, therefore, a primary objective of the present invention to provide a monolithic integrated circuit whose gain is adjustable over a wide bandwidth range and which does not suffer form the disadvantages that its bandwidth is limited by a fixed gain-bandwidth product.

Monolithic integrated differential amplifier with digital gain setting


A printing system includes a distribution apparatus, print servers, and an image forming apparatus. Upon each reception of print data, the distribution apparatus distributes the print data to one print server, the print server creates a print job from the print data and transmits the print job to the image forming apparatus, and the image forming apparatus executes the print job. Each print server includes an identifier addition unit adding identifier of the print server to a created print job, the image forming apparatus includes an exception event determination unit, upon reception of a print job from one print server, determining whether exception event has occurred in the print server based on identifier added to the print job, and the distribution apparatus includes an exclusion unit, when exception event has occurred in one print server, excluding the print server from candidates for distribution destination of a subsequent print job.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a printing system and an image forming apparatus, and particularly to a fault tolerance technique that maintains normal operations of the printing system in which a plurality of print servers are used irrespective of whether a failure has occurred in any of the print servers.
(2) Description of the Related Art
Recently, in a printing system in which a print job is transmitted from a user terminal such as a personal computer (PC) to an image forming apparatus via a print server, an art has been put in practical use for speeding up image forming processing by using a load balancer to distribute print data to a plurality of print servers to reduce processing load on each of the print servers.
However, even if the processing load on each of the print server is reduced, in the case where a communication failure has occurred on a network in which user terminals, print servers, and image forming apparatuses are connected to each other, it is difficult to perform smooth image forming processing. This causes a problem that the availability of the printing system deteriorates.
In order to solve this problem, there has been proposed for example an art of checking whether or not a network failure occurs by monitoring a period necessary for transmission and reception of an e-mail via the network (for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-208826). According to this art, it is possible to accelerate specification of the cause for the network failure by monitoring whether or not a network failure has occurred.
Malfunction in the printing system is sometimes caused not only due to a network failure but also due to an exception event of a print server itself. There has been conventionally known an art of detecting an exception event of operating system (OS) in hardware of a print server by the print server or a monitoring system that is provided separately from the print server.
However, it is difficult to promptly deal with a failure because of no monitoring of an application level exception event relevant to primary functions of the print server. As a result, when an application level exception event has occurred, a user needs to continue to use the print server in which the exception event has occurred. This impairs the user's convenience.

Printing system and image forming apparatus


In traffic shaping apparatus including a plurality of cell buffers, a content addressable memory is provided to store times for addresses each designating one of the cell buffers, and a timer counter is provided to generate a time. When this time is transmitted to the content addressable memory, an address is read from the content addressable memory in accordance with this time, so that a cell output permission is given to one of the cell buffers.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to traffic shaping apparatus used in an aynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch unit to suppress the rate of cells.
2. Description of the Related Art
In an ATM switching system, an ATM switching unit ha a plurality of cell input ports and cell output ports. Also, one traffic shaping unit is interposed between one of the cell input ports and the switching unit to control a cell rate of traffic in the ATM switching unit. Similarly, one traffic shaping unit is interposed between the switching unit and one of the cell output ports to control a cell rate of traffic from the ATM switching unit.
In a prior art traffic shaping apparatus (see JR-A-7-99494), a plurality of cell buffers and a plurality of shaping counters are provided for traffic classes, cell output ports, or virtual channels (VCs). The shaping counters generate cell output requesting signals each having definite time periods. Also, an output cell buffer selecting unit generates a cell output permission signal in accordance with the output requesting signals to select one of the cell buffers.
Thus, the prior art traffic shaping apparatus suppresses the increase of fluctuation of delay of transmission of cells. This will be explained later in detail.
In the prior art traffic shaping apparatus, however, since the shaping counters are provided for every output port, every traffic class and every virtual channel, the hardware is increased which increases the manufacturing cost.

Traffic shaping apparatus with content addressable memory


A liquid crystal display panel includes switching elements, transparent pixel electrodes, and a transparent common electrode having a predetermined area overlapped with an upper layer of the transparent pixel electrode through an insulating film and driving liquid crystal with the transparent pixel electrode. In plane view, a shading layer covers at least one part of a conductive pattern where a light leakage occurs in front view by an alignment defect of the liquid crystal near a non-permeable conductive pattern disposed in the display region at the time of black display, and has eaves more protruding than the conductive pattern. The transparent common electrode is provided to overlap with the conductive pattern arranged to overlap with the light-shielding layer having the eaves in a side of the liquid crystal and to protrude compared with the light-shielding layer having the eaves in a planar view.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display panel and a liquid crystal display device of fringe field switching (FFS) type.
2. Description of Related Art
In recent years, in substitution for a conventional cathode-ray tube, new display devices having a thin flat-type display panel using principles of liquid crystal, electroluminescence or the like have been frequently used. A liquid crystal display device which represents these new display devices has characteristics in that it can be driven with a low power voltage, in addition to its thinness and lightness. The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal layer disposed between two substrates. One substrate is an array substrate forming a display area in which a plurality of pixels are arranged in matrix, and the other substrate is a color filter substrate.
In particular, in a thin film transistor (TFT)-type liquid crystal display device, a TFT which is a switching element is provided in each pixel on the array substrate, and each pixel is able to independently carry a voltage to drive a liquid crystal layer, thereby making it possible to achieve the display of high quality with little crosstalk. Each pixel includes a gate line (scan line) that controls ON/OFF of the TFT, and a source line (signal line) for inputting image data. Each pixel is typically formed in an area surrounded by the gate line and the source line.
An In-Plane switching (IPS)-type liquid crystal display device has one array substrate on which a plurality of pixel electrodes and common electrodes (opposed electrodes) are alternately arranged, so as to apply a substantially-horizontal electric field to the substrate surface for display. The IPS type liquid crystal display device has better view angle property compared with a typical Twisted Nematic (TN) type. However, the conventional IPS-type liquid crystal display device has a smaller light transmission rate compared with that of the typical TN type.
As a system in which this defect is improved, a fringe field switching (FFS) system has been suggested. The FFS-type liquid crystal display device is the system of achieving the display by applying a fringe electric field (an oblique electric field including both components of a horizontal electric field and a vertical electric field) to a liquid crystal layer. In the FFS-type liquid crystal display device, the pixel electrode and the common electrode are formed on one array substrate as is similar to the IPS system. However, the pixel electrode and the common electrode are overlapped with each other with an insulation film interposed therebetween. Typically, the lower electrode is a plate electrode (the lower electrode may be a plurality of branch-like electrodes). Furthermore the upper electrode includes a comb-tooth electrode including a plurality of branch electrode parts electrically connected in common, and gap parts therebetween.
Both of the comb-tooth electrode and the plate electrode are formed of transparent conductive films in the FFS system, thereby achieving particularly high light transmission rate. In the FFS system, a liquid crystal layer is driven by a fringe electric field between upper and lower electrodes, which makes it possible to drive a liquid crystal layer on a branch-like electrode part which is not a gap part of the comb-tooth electrode as well. The pixel electrode and the common electrode are formed of transparent conductive films, which can improve a light transmission rate compared with the IPS system in which light rarely transmits on the pixel electrode and the common electrode.
The FFS-type liquid crystal display device can be roughly divided into two structures. The first structure is that, on the array substrate, a common electrode which is a common potential is formed of a plate electrode arranged on the side of the lower layer, and a pixel electrode into which a pixel potential is written through a thin-film transistor is formed of a comb-tooth electrode arranged on a side of the upper layer (e.g., Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication Nos. 2002-31812 and 2005-234525). The second structure is that, on the array substrate, a common electrode and a pixel electrode are opposite to the arrangement stated above. Specifically, the common electrode is formed of a comb-tooth electrode in the upper layer, and the pixel electrode is formed of a plate electrode in the lower layer (e.g., Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-191669). Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-322869 discloses a structure in which one of the two electrodes of the plate electrode and the comb-tooth electrode is formed in the color filter substrate in place of the array substrate.
In the second structure stated above, a black matrix is typically arranged only in order to prevent color mixture of adjacent pixels. In other words, the black matrix having a width equal to or smaller than that of a source line is typically arranged on the source line. The reason that this structure can be employed is that it is possible to shield the electric field from the source line by arranging the comb-tooth electrode which is the common electrode on the source line while being overlapped with each other. In other words, this is because it is possible to prevent occurrence of a domain due to alignment disorder of liquid crystal due to an electric field from the source line. Further, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-191669 described above discloses the structure that does not include the black matrix itself. By employing such a structure, even a part just beside the source line can contribute to the display, which can improve the light transmission rate.

Liquid crystal display panel and liquid crystal display device


Various implementations disclosed herein include devices, systems, and methods that generates a three-dimensional (3D) model based on a selected subset of the images and depth data corresponding to each of the images of the subset. For example, an example process may include acquiring sensor data during movement of the device in a physical environment including an object, the sensor data including images of a physical environment captured via a camera on the device, selecting a subset of the images based on assessing the images with respect to motion-based defects based on device motion and depth data, and generating a 3D model of the object based on the selected subset of the images and depth data corresponding to each of the images of the selected subset.

Physical environments and objects therein have been modeled (e.g., reconstructed) by generating three-dimensional (3D) meshes, utilizing 3D point clouds, and by other means. The reconstructed meshes represent 3D surface points and other surface characteristics of the physical environments' floors, walls, and other objects. Such reconstructions may be generated based on images and depth measurements of the physical environments, e.g., using RGB cameras and depth sensors.
Existing techniques for generating 3D models based on images of a physical environment and depth information detected in the physical environment may be inaccurate and inefficient using a mobile device, for example, based on a user capturing photos or video or other sensor data while walking about in a room. Moreover, existing techniques may fail to provide sufficiently accurate and efficient object detection in real time environments.


An ultrasonic image processing apparatus allowing an ultrasonic image of an inspection object to be displayed using echo data in a three-dimensional region constructs a three-dimensional image based on the echo data by an image construction section. An image operation input section performs an operation for changing the display state of the constructed three-dimensional image. Also, an image display state changing section changes the display state of the three-dimensional image that has been constructed based on input information inputted by the image operation input section.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus that performs image processing for acquiring an ultrasonic image by transmitting/receiving ultrasonic waves with respect to an inspection object.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, ultrasonic diagnostic apparatuses have come into wide use in medical and industrial fields. The ultrasonic diagnostic apparatuses are for noninvasively diagnosing the inside of an inspection object by transmitting/receiving ultrasonic waves with respect to the inspection object.
In the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus, an image obtained by the scanning of ultrasonic waves constitutes a two-dimensional image. Hence, for the purpose of providing a more easily diagnosable image to a user, the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus may be used in combination with an ultrasonic image processing apparatus that constructs a three-dimensional image based on a two-dimensional image.
For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-316864 discloses an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus capable of displaying a three-dimensional image (see FIG. 24 in the patent document).
In conventional examples, after setting various parameters prior to display, three-dimensional image has been displayed (constructed).


A floatation survival pod includes an elongate floatation body (1) having sufficient buoyancy to remain afloat when holding a plurality of persons, handles (4) formed on the sides (5) thereof for grasping by the persons, one or more ports (6) formed in the top and bottom of said body for receiving and mounting a flare or the like and two or more compartments (7) formed either side of the longitudinal axis of said body for storing survival tools wherein the compartments provide access to the survival tools when the pod is floating in any orientation without compromising the floatation of the pod or comprising the security of persons using the pod.

This invention relates to a floatation device adapted for use in emergency situations where waterborne vessels, either in marine freshwater situations, encounter situations that threaten the vessel's ability to remain afloat and necessitate the evacuation of personnel aboard the vessel into the water.
The occurrence of emergencies in boats and other floatation vessels requiring the evacuation of personnel often places such evacuees in highly perilous circumstances reliant on quick reflexes and access to various emergency and survival tools prior to evacuation, including life jackets, flares, first-aid kits, thermal blankets etc. To date such emergency equipment is generally held in a variety of places around any given vessel and is not centrally located or readily available for access during emergencies, particularly by people unfamiliar with the vessel in question.
It will highly desirable to provide a single readily identifiable device for use as a floatation tool where the device in question also functions to accommodate and render readily available a range of emergency survival tools and equipment required by evacuees without necessitating the location of such equipment from a range of positions in different vessels.