A processor-based system may be controlled by a remote control unit. An image of the remote control unit may be displayed on a display associated with the processor-based system. When a particular button on the remote control unit is depressed, a corresponding indication may be provided on the image of the remote control unit.

This invention relates generally to remotely controlling appliances or computer systems, including television receivers.
Remote control units may be utilized to control television receivers and other devices including computer systems and appliances without the necessity to walk over to the device to alter its settings. For example, infrared-based remote controls are commonly used with television receivers. Similarly, infrared remote controls are used with entertainment systems.
In a variety of circumstances, the remote control may be utilized in a room that is relatively dark. Even in the case where the user is watching television, there may be insufficient light to be able to view the various buttons on the remote control unit.
In devices called set-top boxes, the user may use a remote control unit to enter text displayed on a television receiver. That is, computer functions may be actually implemented using a set-top box controlled by the remote control unit and associated with the television receiver. Thus, the user may input relatively complex textual input commands to the set-top box through the remote control unit. These commands may appear on the television display. However, in many cases, it is awkward for the user to look downwardly at the remote control unit at the same time the user should be looking upwardly at the display to see the entries as they are displayed. For example, if the user is entering text through the remote control unit, it may work better to watch the display rather than to watch the information being typed into the remote control unit in accordance with touch-typing principles associated with conventional keyboards.
Thus, there is a need for a better way to provide input commands using remote control units that facilitates data entry in a low light environment and that further facilitates the entry of more complex text input commands.

Remotely controlling video display devices


A position measurement system configured to measure a position quantity of a movable object in a measurement direction, the system including a radiation source, a beam splitter to split the radiation beam in a measurement beam and a reference beam, a first reflective surface mounted on the movable object to receive the measurement beam, a second reflective surface mounted on a reference object to receive the reference beam, and a detector arranged to receive a first and second reflected beam reflected by the first and second reflective surface, respectively, and configured to provide a signal representative of the position quantity of the movable object based on the first and the second beam, wherein the radiation source and detector are mounted on an object that is different from the movable object and the reference object.

A lithographic apparatus is a machine that applies a desired pattern onto a substrate, usually onto a target portion of the substrate. A lithographic apparatus can be used, for example, in the manufacture of integrated circuits (ICs). In such a case, a patterning device, which is alternatively referred to as a mask or a reticle, may be used to generate a circuit pattern to be formed on an individual layer of the IC. This pattern can be transferred onto a target portion (e.g. including part of, one, or several dies) on a substrate (e.g. a silicon wafer). Transfer of the pattern is typically via imaging onto a layer of radiation-sensitive material (resist) provided on the substrate. In general, a single substrate will contain a network of adjacent target portions that are successively patterned. Conventional lithographic apparatus include so-called steppers, in which each target portion is irradiated by exposing an entire pattern onto the target portion at once, and so-called scanners, in which each target portion is irradiated by scanning the pattern through a radiation beam in a given direction (the "scanning"-direction) while synchronously scanning the substrate parallel or anti-parallel to this direction. It is also possible to transfer the pattern from the patterning device to the substrate by imprinting the pattern onto the substrate.
Position measurement systems are used for position measurement of different parts of a known lithographic apparatus. In particular, for objects which have to be positioned with high accuracy, such as the patterning device support and the substrate support of a scanning type lithographic apparatus, it is desirable to determine the position with high accuracy.
Both laser interferometric as encoder-type position measurement systems are applied in position measurement systems of known lithographic apparatus. As prior art interferometric systems may be more susceptible to environmental influences, a general preference is given to encoder type measurement systems including one or more encoder heads on a first object and a grid or grating on another object.
In one application of a position measurement of a patterning device stage system, the encoder heads are arranged on a reference object, while the grid or grating is arranged on the movable object of which the position is to be determined. As a result, relative long grid plates are used on the movable object to cover the whole range of movement. This prevents direct patterning device position measurement, i.e. direct determination of the position of the patterning device using a grid or grating provided on the patterning device itself. As a consequence of the presence of the relative large grid plate, the moving mass and dynamic performance of patterning device support may be negatively influenced. Also, the thermal expansion of the moving grid plate should be controlled in order to obtain reliable measurements.
Another alternative encoder-type position measurement system includes encoder heads that are mounted on the substrate support stage system, and the grid plate is mounted on the stationary frame. As a result, the data transfer and power cables to the encoder heads are arranged on the moving substrate support. In this arrangement, fibers move at high velocities and accelerations, and deteriorate stage dynamics and conditioning, as well as reliability, especially for targeted high accelerations.

Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method


A touching rib of an input unit is provided. The input unit comprises the touching rib and a pressing portion including a top face and a bottom face. The present touching rib comprises a main body and at least one auxiliary structure. The main body is disposed on the bottom face for touching an electronic switch in a predetermined distance. The main body has a first predetermined height. The auxiliary structure is formed integrally with the main body and disposed on the bottom face and side by side with the main body. The auxiliary structure has a second predetermined height shorter than the first predetermined height. The auxiliary structure is needed for maintaining the main body having an accurate height, which is corresponding to the first predetermined height, and a smooth surface for touching the electronic surface.

(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to an interior structure of an input device, which comprises at least one input unit, and particularly to a touching rib of the input unit.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
Among many kinds of electronic devices, an input device is needed for operating these device or for inputting commands or information into these devices. For example, input device such as keyboard comprises many keys. These keys are the mentioned input units. Typically, the input unit comprises a touching rib for touching an electronic switch of a electronic device.
Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 shows the bottom of a prior input unit 2. The input unit 2 comprises a pressing portion 3 and a touching rib 4. The pressing portion 3 comprises a top face 31 and a bottom face 32. The touching rib 4 is disposed on the bottom face 32. An user can press the top face 31 of the input unit 2 so as to touch an electronic switch (not shown) of an electronic device by the touching rib 4. The electronic switch is usually electrically connected with a circuit of the electronic device. For example, some typical electronic switch is directly mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) and electrically connected with it.
As to the fabrication method of the prior input unit 2, a mold 10 shown in FIG. 2 is utilized for filling plastic materials to form the input unit 2. The mold 10 has a cavity 12 corresponding to the shape of the input unit 2. The cavity 12 can be divided into a first portion 13 and a second portion 14, which have corresponding shapes to the pressing portion 3 and the touching rib 4, respectively. As shown in FIG. 2, the second portion 14 of the cavity 12 has a shape of cross corresponding to the touching rib 4 shown in FIG. 1.
In one typical prior art, the whole cavity 12 is formed by an electric discharge machining (EDM) process toward the material of the mold 10. Hence, the cavity 12 is airtight except for the opening for filling the plastic materials. While filling the plastic materials of the input unit 2 into the cavity 12, bubbles may be formed at the interface between the mold 10 and the plastic materials. If these bubbles are formed at the bottom of the second portion 14 of the cavity 12, it may cause the formed touching rib 4 shorter than a predetermined height. In some worse situation, the shortened touching rib 4 is not able to touch the electronic switch and loses its predetermined function.
Please refer to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 shows another prior mold for fabricating the input unit. For resolving the mentioned problem of bubbles, another prior mold 20 is provided. The second portion 24 of the cavity 22, which is needed for forming the touching rib 4, is ventilative in this prior art. While filling the plastic materials of the input unit 2 into the cavity 22, an inlay 26 is disposed at the bottom of the second portion 24 of the cavity 22 to jointing with the mold 20. There is a plurality of micro-chinks between the inlay 26 and the mold 20 so as to allow air, which is formed between the plastic materials of the input unit 2 and the inlay 26, to flow out. By this inlay 26, the mention problems of bubbles and the shortened touching rib 4 is somehow resolved.
However, another problem is aroused because of using the inlay 26. While filling plastic materials into the cavity 22 shown in FIG. 3, not only air can flow through the micro-chinks between the inlay 26 and the mold 20, some plastic materials flow into these micro-chinks either. Although the amount of the plastic materials flowing into the micro-chinks is very limited, roughness structures such as fibers can readily be formed on the surface of the touching rib 4. The roughness surface or a too long height may frustrate the predetermined function of the touching rib 4.
As described above, while the input unit is elementary to many kinds of input devices. An input unit without the foregoing drawbacks is therefore needed. There are demands to provide a method for fabricating a input unit comprising a touching rib with a smooth surface and an accurate height corresponding to its predetermined design.

Touching rib of input unit and mold thereof


There is described a method for the manufacture of fodder and/or soil improving agents by anaerobic or aerobic fermentation of environmentally disturbing aquatic plants, specifically water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), which, if desired, have been comminuted.

The subject-matter of the invention is a method for manufacturing or obtaining fodder and/or soil improving agents from waste materials, for instance from environmentally disturbing aquatic plants and aquatic weeds respectively, particularly floating freshwater plants, such as specifically the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes).
It has been known for a long time that aquatic weeds, such as the water hyacinth, propagate, specifically under tropical conditions, at a very fast rate, rapidly and thickly covering a large part of the water surface, which disturbs shipping, chokes up irrigation plants and affects the living conditions for fish and birds. An example hereof are the problems occurring in Egypt, where in Lake Nasser south of the Aswan Dam and in the irrigation and drainage systems, favourable conditions are created for the propagation of aquatic weeds. The propagation of these aquatic weeds is aggravated by the eutrophication of the waters caused by the intensive agriculture using high quantities of fertilizers, so that these aquatic weeds constitute an acute problem. For instance, they do not only impede the water flow through the canals, but also cause, as a result of evapotranspiration, the loss of high quantities of water, so that it is common practice to remove these materials mechanically or destroy them by means of herbicides which considerably impair the environment.
On the other hand, specifically in those areas where such aquatic weeds are able to propagate particularly intensively, as in the developing countries, or also in Egypt, there is a considerable need for animal protein which could be satisfied by improving the fodder.
From GB-PS 2 041 403, the preparation of fodder by the biological transformation of waste material of agriculture by means of anaerobic and aerobic fermentation methods is already known. According to this process, the cellulose of comminuted straw and corn stems is decomposed with the help of a cellulase enzyme released by Trichoderma viridae and the so formed glucose is converted into lactic acid.
On the other hand, it is known that the water hyacinth is not useful as a fodder on account of its high mineral content, and that it can be used, at best, for the production of bio-gas (Easley and Shirley (Hyacinth Control Journal 12 (1974), 82-85).

Method for the manufacture of fodder and/or soil improving agents from waste material

Vertikum Magas-es Melyepitmenyjavito Kisszovetkezet


A method for image-based visibility range estimation for a vehicle includes: ascertaining a depiction of an object of the surroundings in an image of an image detection device of the vehicle, the object having an extension in the direction of travel of the vehicle, the image showing a depiction of surroundings ahead of the vehicle; segmenting the depiction of the object in order to obtain first and second object ranges of the object having respective first and second distances to the image detection device within respective tolerance ranges; determining a first object luminance of the first object range and a second object luminance of the second object range; and determining an atmospheric extinction coefficient correlated to the visibility range, using the first and second object luminances, and the first and second distances.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for an image-based visibility range estimation, to a corresponding device for the image-based visibility range estimation, as well as to a corresponding computer program product.
2. Description of the Related Art
With a rapid further development of sensors and systems, an increasingly accurate detection of the vehicle surroundings is made possible. Different driver assistance systems may thus support the human driver in his or her driving task and/or assume parts of the tasks completely. Various active and passive sensors work with the aid of different electromagnetic spectral ranges. Depending on the spectral range, more or less strong dampening and scattering effects may occur due to atmospheric phenomena, for example, rain or fog. For cameras having a spectral range approximately in the area of the visible light, mainly fog may in this way result in visibility limitations.
Published European patent application document EP 1 474 652 A1 describes a method for determining the visibility range, in particular from a vehicle in an environment, and a method for determining the presence of fog.

Method and device for image-based visibility range estimation


Apparatus and systems described herein provide for a randomly-accessible electrical busbar with a protective cover and an associated mating connector. Both the busbar and the associated mating connector have multiple, electrically conductive bristles protruding from a surface. The busbar is protected by a nonconductive fabric cover to reduce the risk of a person from accidentally contacting the electrically conductive bristles. A connection is made between the mating connector and the busbar by the bristles of the mating connector penetrating the protective fabric cover and interdigitating with the bristles of the busbar.

Connecting power and signals to avionics or other equipment modules in some commercial and military aircraft has traditionally involved dedicated cable harnesses for each module, adding weight to the aircraft and complexity to the avionics and electrical systems. In addition, this configuration makes adding new equipment modules to an existing aircraft expensive and time consuming. Other aircraft designs have incorporated equipment racks having discrete backplane connectors for power and signals that allow equipment modules to be added and removed more easily. However, these rack systems often have only a predetermined number of installation locations, limiting the number and configuration of equipment modules that may be installed.
More recently, signal wiring is sometimes consolidated into single fiber-optic connections or implemented via wireless infrared connections. The power connections for equipment modules, however, continue to be limited to discrete backplane connections or exposed metal busbars. While exposed metal busbar systems may provide the flexibility of adding any number of equipment modules at any location, they also present a safety hazard, in that the busbar may be accidentally contacted by a person installing modules or otherwise working in the avionics bay. Some metal busbars have rigid covers to protect against accidental contact with the busbar, but these covers may restrict connections to the bus to a limited number of discrete positions or may require the covers to be reconfigured each time a new equipment module is installed.
It is with respect to these considerations and others that the disclosure made herein is presented.

Randomly-accessible electrical busbar with protective cover and associated mating connector


A hinge part for attachment of a motor vehicle door and including a hinge part body formed of a thin-walled hollow extruded section having at least three chambers, and two pairs of hinge gudgeon provided on opposite sides of the hinge part body for mounting the hinge part on the motor vehicle body for rotation about two, spaced from each other, pivot axes.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hinge part for mounting a motor vehicle door and, in particular, a door which is mounted on a motor vehicle body for pivotal movement about two, spaced from each other, pivot axes with a hinge part provided with two pairs of hinge gudgeons.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The hinge parts of this type are used usually for mounting motor vehicles doors the pivotal movement of which is combined with a transverse movement, and which are connected with a door pillar for pivotal movement about a first pivot or hinge axis and are connected with the door for pivotal movement about a second pivot or hinge axis. At that, both the door pillar and the door are provided with respective hinge halves or hinge flaps, which are formed as separately mountable locking or bracing parts. The hinge part is pivotally connected with both hinge halves or hinge flaps with respective hinge pins. From this arrangement of the hinge part, it follows that at least at the beginning of the opening movement of a motor vehicle door, the hinge part serves as a support for the vehicle door. To perform this additional function, the hinge part must have a certain flexural strength, to keep the sinking of the vehicle door during its opening within certain limits. Likewise, the hinge part should have an adequate torsional resistance to insure a predetermined movement path of the door during the course of its opening or closing.
A hinge part of the above-discussed type for a motor vehicle door, which is mounted on a motor vehicle body with two, vertically spaced from each other, pairs of hinges, is disclosed in German Publication DE-OS 42 37 060. The hinge part disclosed in this German Publication is formed as a shaped, hollow box support with two hinge halves provided at its free ends for attachment to a vehicle door and a door pillar. This hinge part is constructively characterized in that it is formed of two opposite bulged sheet metal shells connected with each other by spot welding. This construction of the hinge part, while insuring mounting of a door, in which the pivotal movement is combined with transverse movement, comparable with the previously used hinge parts, permits to substantially reduce the weight of the door assembly and a certain reduction of costs associated with mounting of the door. However, the manufacturing costs of this hinge part, which is formed of two sheet metal half-shells welded with each other, are rather high. On the other hand, manufacturing of a hinge part from two separate sheet metal pressed workpieces is associated with an increased scattering of tolerances. In additional, mounting is somewhat complicated by a necessity to provide auxiliary parts for connecting the hinge part with the door pillar and the door, which is associated with a necessity to insure an additional tolerance compatibility.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a hinge part of the above-discussed type which would have a greater stability, in particular a greater flexural strength, and a greater resistance to deformation in comparison with prior art hinge part.
Another object of the present invention, is to provide a hinge part of the above-described type which would have a substantially reduced weight.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a hinge part of the above-described type which would insure an easy connection of pre-fabricated hinge gudgeons.

Hinge part for mounting a motor vehicle door on a motor vehicle body


Systems and methods of providing information via a computer network are provided. A request for subject matter to display with a web page can be received via a computer network at a data processing system. The data processing system can identify the web page as being ineligible for ad placement based on content of the web page. The data processing system can determine a keyword based at least in part on the content of the web page, and can format the keyword for display with the web page as a link to a second web page. The data processing system can provide the link for display with the web page. The data processing system can receive a request to access the second web page based on an activation of the link. The data processing system can provide the advertisement for display with the second web page.

In a networked environment such as the Internet or other networks, entities such as people or companies can provide information for public display, such as on web pages, documents, applications, or other information resources. The Internet content can include text, video, or audio information provided by the entities via a web page server for display on the Internet. Additional content such as advertisements can also be provided by third parties for display on the web pages together with the information provided by the entities. The additional content may or may not be related to the subject matter of the web pages.


In a lithium secondary battery comprising positive and negative electrodes each comprising at least an active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, a binder and a current collector, and an electrolytic solution, the active material in the positive and/or negative electrode has been made conductive by coating its surface with a conductive agent and a binder, and affixed to the surface of the collector by a dry process. The lithium secondary battery is given a higher energy density and a higher output density and will find a wider range of application.

Lithium ion secondary batteries have been widely used as a power supply to portable and compact equipment because of their output capability. More than a decade has passed since lithium secondary batteries were put on the market, and efforts to improve their performance have been continued. A high capacitance and safety are important technical targets for lithium secondary batteries.
In the prior art, the electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery is prepared by dispersing an electrode active material, a binder and optionally, a conductive agent in a solvent to form a slurry, and coating the slurry to a current collector typically in the form of a metal foil. The conductive agent is optionally added to the electrode and generally selected from among graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, carbon fibers, and metals such as nickel, aluminum, copper and silver, with graphite, carbon black and acetylene black being preferred.
The positive electrode active material for lithium ion secondary batteries is generally a material capable of taking lithium ions into and out of its structure. Examples include lithium-containing metal oxides such as lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, and lithium manganate, and lithium-containing composite metal oxides in which at least one metal element such as aluminum, manganese, tin, iron, copper, magnesium, titanium, zinc or molybdenum is added to the foregoing metal oxides.
These metal oxides, however, are short of electronic conduction and need the addition of conductive agents in order to use metal oxides as electrodes in lithium ion secondary batteries.
The preferred conductive agents are carbon black and acetylene black which can form a good conduction network. When they are used as the conductive agent for the positive electrode, the electrode is prepared by dispersing the conductive agent in a binder solution together with an active material to form a coating solution, and applying the coating solution to a metal foil, typically aluminum foil as a current collector, followed by drying and rolling.
In the step of drying the coated electrode, carbon black or acetylene black and the binder come afloat near the surface of the coating because of their low specific gravity, as the solvent evaporates off. Such segregation interferes with good conduction paths created by intimate contact among the active material, conductive agent and binder and adversely affects the adhesion between the current collector and the active material. This influence becomes more outstanding as the electrode thickness increases. For this reason, in the prior art positive electrode, the amount of active material laden per positive electrode unit area must be limited to 20 mg/cm2 or less. This becomes a bar against the desire to increase the energy density and output of lithium ion secondary batteries.
The prior art method for the preparation of electrodes by the wet process has the problem that the conductive agent and the binder can move apart from the collector foil during the drying step after the coating step, detracting from electrical conduction and adhesion to the collector. This phenomenon becomes outstanding particularly when an electrode active material having poor electronic conduction is used and a thick film electrode is to be formed. It is a serious barrier against acquiring satisfactory battery characteristics. Specifically, the phenomenon becomes outstanding when the positive electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery uses the above-mentioned positive electrode active material and the amount of active material laden per unit area is more than 20 mg/cm2. If the amount of active material laden per unit area exceeds 30 mg/cm2, the battery characteristics lower below the practically acceptable level.
This is also true, for example, when carbonaceous materials or titanium oxides capable of occluding and releasing lithium ins are used as the negative electrode active material and when vanadium oxides are used as the positive electrode active material. To solve the above problem, a better conduction path than in the prior art electrode must be created within the electrode material.


A semiconductor device that includes transistors with different threshold voltages is provided. Alternatively, a semiconductor device including a plurality of kinds of circuits and transistors whose electrical characteristics are different between the circuits is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first transistor and a second transistor. The first transistor includes an oxide semiconductor, a conductor, a first insulator, a second insulator, and a third insulator. The conductor has a region where the conductor and the oxide semiconductor overlap with each other. The first insulator is positioned between the conductor and the oxide semiconductor. The second insulator is positioned between the conductor and the first insulator. The third insulator is positioned between the conductor and the second insulator. The second insulator has a negatively charged region.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to, for example, a semiconductor, a transistor, and a semiconductor device. The present invention relates to, for example, a method for manufacturing a semiconductor, a transistor, and a semiconductor device. The present invention relates to, for example, a semiconductor, a display device, a light-emitting device, a lighting device, a power storage device, a memory device, a processor, and an electronic device. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a semiconductor, a display device, a liquid crystal display device, a light-emitting device, a memory device, and an electronic device. The present invention relates to a driving method of a semiconductor device, a display device, a liquid crystal display device, a light-emitting device, a memory device, and an electronic device.
Note that one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field. The technical field of one embodiment of the invention disclosed in this specification and the like relates to an object, a method, or a manufacturing method. In addition, one embodiment of the present invention relates to a process, a machine, manufacture, or a composition of matter.
In this specification and the like, a semiconductor device generally means a device that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics. A display device, a light-emitting device, a lighting device, an electro-optical device, a semiconductor circuit, and an electronic device include a semiconductor device in some cases.
2. Description of the Related Art
As silicon which is used as a semiconductor of a transistor, either amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon is used depending on the purpose. For example, for a transistor included in a large display device, it is preferable to use amorphous silicon, which can be used to form a film on a large substrate with the established technique. For a transistor included in a high-performance display device where a driver circuit and a pixel circuit are formed over the same substrate, it is preferable to use polycrystalline silicon, which can be used to form a transistor having a high field-effect mobility. As a method for forming polycrystalline silicon, high-temperature heat treatment or laser light treatment which is performed on amorphous silicon has been known.
In recent years, transistors including oxide semiconductors (typically, In—Ga—Zn oxide) have been actively developed. The transistors including oxide semiconductors have different features from the transistors including amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon. For example, a display device to which a transistor including an oxide semiconductor is applied is known to have small power consumption.
It is known that a transistor including an oxide semiconductor has an extremely low leakage current in an off state. For example, a low-power-consumption CPU utilizing a characteristic of low leakage current of the transistor including an oxide semiconductor is disclosed (see Patent Document 1).
For reduction of power consumption by power gating, the transistor including an oxide semiconductor preferably has normally-off electrical characteristics. As a method for making the transistor including an oxide semiconductor have normally-off electrical characteristics by controlling the threshold voltage of the transistor, Patent Document 2 discloses a method in which a floating gate is provided in a region overlapping with the oxide semiconductor and a negative fixed charge is injected into the floating gate.
An oxide semiconductor film can be formed by a sputtering method or the like, and thus can be used in a transistor included in a large display device. Because a transistor including an oxide semiconductor has high field-effect mobility, a high-performance display device in which a driver circuit and a pixel circuit are formed over the same substrate can be obtained. In addition, there is an advantage that capital investment can be reduced because part of production equipment for a transistor including amorphous silicon or a transistor including polycrystalline silicon can be retrofitted and utilized.
Oxide semiconductors have a long history, and in 1985, synthesis of an In—Ga—Zn oxide crystal was reported (see Non-Patent Document 1). Further, in 1995, it was reported that an In—Ga—Zn oxide has a homologous structure and is represented by a composition formula InGaO3(ZnO)m (m is a natural number) (see Non-Patent Document 2).
In 1995, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor was invented, and its electrical characteristics were disclosed (see Patent Document 3).
In 2014, transistors including a crystalline oxide semiconductor were reported (see Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4). The transistors in these reports include a c-axis aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor (CAAC-OS) and thus are capable of mass-production and have high electrical characteristics and reliability.

Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.


A collapsible trolley features a body including a back panel, a shelf panel pivotally attached to a bottom edge of the back panel, a pair of back wing panels pivotally attached one each to opposing side edges of the back panel, a pair of shelf wing panels pivotally attached one each to opposing side edges of the shelf panel and one each to bottom edges of the pair of shelf wing panels. The body is movable between an unfolded use configuration and a folded storage configuration. A latching member is attached to the body and adapted to secure the body in the folded storage configuration. A pair of wheels are also attached to the body.

Shoppers in retail stores typically use shopping carts or baskets owned by the store to hold their purchases as they travel through the store. Purchases are typically bagged at the check out counter and either reloaded into the cart or the bags themselves are carried out of the store by the shopper. Carrying the bags is cumbersome for the shopper and the number of bags that a shopper can carry is limited by the strength of his or her arms. With regard to using shopping carts outside of the store, such an arrangement does not work for city shoppers who walk to and from the store. In addition, even if the shopper drives to the store, and carries the groceries to his or her car with a store-owned cart, the store must go to the trouble of collecting the carts from the parking lot. In addition, the carts must be maintained, repaired and stored, which can add up to significant costs and take up valuable storage space.
Consumer-owned folding wire carts for use in shopping are known. The shopper brings the cart to the store, opens/unfolds it, and uses it to hold items during shopping. The shopper then uses the same cart after checkout to transport the purchases to his or her car or home. The disadvantage of such carts, however, is that they can be heavy due to the metal wire construction. In addition, they tend to feature a very utilitarian appearance. They also typically do not fold completely flat, and thus take up valuable space which is undesirable (especially when the shopper is an apartment dweller).
In view of the above, a need exists for a collapsible personal trolley that is inexpensive, lightweight, durable and attractive.


A roller chain for a linear guideway comprises: a plurality of spacers each having two retaining portions and two links, each retaining portion is a hollow structure for holding the rollers. The retaining portions are formed at both sides of the rollers, one side of each of the retaining portions is opposite to the rollers, and another side doesn't contact any component, so that each two neighboring rollers are separated from each other completely. Each link is an elongated structure located at both ends of the rollers and employed to connect the spacers together. Hence, the impact energy caused when the spacer is impacted by the rollers will be converted into elastic energy, which prevents the indirect impact of two neighboring rollers caused by the spacer therebetween, thus effectively absorbing the impact force while substantially reducing the impact-caused noise.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a roller chain for a linear guideway, and more particularly to prevent the indirect impact between two neighboring rollers caused by the spacer therebetween, thus substantially reducing the impact-caused noise.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The existing linear guideway essentially comprises a rail and a slide block. The rail is an elongated structure defined with rolling grooves for allowing the rollers to circulate therein. The slide block is reverse U-shaped and also defined with grooves for cooperating with the rolling grooves. And two end caps are installed at both ends of the slide block to enable the rollers to circulate. Each of the end caps is defined with a return path for enabling the rollers to circulate from the slide block to the rail.
The existing technologies for the roller chain are generally classified into the following categories:
First, JP Pat. No. 11-344033 discloses a roller chain as shown in FIGS. 1a-1d, the roller chain 5 comprises a plurality spacers 11, and the spacers 11 are in arc-shaped surface-to-surface contact with the rollers 3. This roller chain has the following problems:
1. Indirect impact will be caused between neighboring rollers 3 via the spacers 11.
2. The spacers 11 are in surface-to-surface contact with the rollers 3, so that the friction of the chain 12 with respect to the roller 3 is increased, and so is the rolling resistance thereof.
3. The roller chain 12 itself doesn't have enough space to reserve lubricant.
4. The roller chain is made by using the rollers 3 as a core in injection molding process, and the rollers 3 must be put in the mold before the forming the roller chain. Therefore, making such a roller chain is laboursome and time-consuming.
Second, U.S. Pat. No. 6,070,479 discloses a roller chain as shown in FIG. 2, wherein the spacers 6 are formed at both sides of the respective rollers 70, each of the links 5 defines a receiving hole 4, and the spacers 6 are connected by the connecting portions 5a.
The disadvantages of this kind of roller chain are explained below:
1. Indirect impact will be caused between neighboring rollers 70 via the connecting portions 5a.
2. The contacting area of the spacers 6 with respect to the rollers 70 is large, thus increasing the rolling resistance.
3. The roller chain itself doesn't have enough space to reserve lubricant.
4. It is very difficult to manufacture such a roller chain structure.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,203,200 discloses another roller chain as shown in FIGS. 3a-3c, wherein the roller chain is provided with a plurality of retaining portions 21 for retaining both ends 20 of the respective rollers, and a spacer 18 is arranged between each two neighboring rollers 13a.
The disadvantages of this kind of roller chain are explained below:
1. Indirect impact will be caused between neighboring rollers 13a by the spacer 18.
2. both ends 20 of the rollers are drilled with holes 16, and this will not only increase the production cost but will reduce the strength of the rollers 13a.
3. The roller chain itself doesn't have enough space to reserve lubricant.
The present invention has arisen to mitigate and/or obviate the afore-described disadvantages.


Described is a peach tree producing very early ripening fruit that has a low chilling requirement and bears clingstone fruit.

The new variety of peach tree was created in a breeding program by crossing two parents; in particular, by crossing as seed parent a variety designated 88-023 (not patented) and as pollen parent a variety designated 89-027 (not patented). Both, female and male, are components of a parent collection made between plants issued from seeds obtained in a free pollination in a population of different origin. Both parental varieties are property and have not been commercialized or distributed.
The seeds resulting from this controlled hybridization were germinated in a greenhouse and planted in a field on the farm of La Mogalla in Cartaya (Huelva), Spain, 7° W., 37° N., 45 feet elevation. The seedlings subsequently fruited during and one, designated 97.08.017-PB, was selected for its very low chilling requirements (250 to 300 hours), its very early ripening, attractive fruit shape and color, white flesh, medium firm fruit, and good fruit quality. The original plant selection was propagated asexually, at the above noted location, by budding onto standard peach rootstock variety 'GF-677' and a test plot of four plants was established.
The new variety has been asexually multiplied several times at this location by budding onto 'GF-677' peach rootstock and no incompatibility with peach rootstock has occurred following budding. During all asexual multiplication, the characteristics of the original plant have been maintained and no aberrant phenotypes have appeared.


A method in an access node of a Mobile network. The method comprises: maintaining, by the access node, device administration data pertaining to a mobile electronic device, the device administration data including at least one statistic pertaining to traffic to and from the mobile electronic device, and at least one rule for controlling an operation of the mobile electronic device; updating, by the access node, the at least one statistic based on the traffic to and from the mobile electronic device; enforcing, by the access node, the at least one rule based on the at least one statistic; and synchronizing, by the access node, the device administration data pertaining to the mobile electronic device with corresponding second device administration data maintained by a second access node of the Mobile network.

Mobile Back-Haul networks typically depend on an anchor node, such as either one or both of a Service Gateway (SGW) and a Packet Gateway (PGW) to provide device administration services (such as traffic monitoring, policy enforcement, and generating reports for customer billing) pertaining to mobile electronic devices.
So-called anchorless networks have been proposed, but these proposals do not provide any means by which the device administration services may be maintained.
This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present invention. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present invention.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Handling mobile device administration in anchorless mobile networks


Football helmet with video system has a rigid shell with front and back portions. An impact absorbing pad assembly and underlying comfort liner assembly are removably attached in the shell. A face guard of connected bars has a center bar connected to the front portion of the shell by one or more connectors with a nose bumper between the center bar and the shell. The nose bumper has a concave inner surface engaged flat against a convex outer surface of the front portion and a video optics housing extending forwardly of the nose bumper and containing an imager. A battery housing is connected in the shell for a battery, a circuitry housing is connected to the shell for video camera circuitry and wiring connects the imager and the battery housing to the video circuitry.

The present invention relates generally to the field of sports helmets, and in particular, to a new and useful video camera housing and helmet combination for a football helmet that meets National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) standards and is otherwise specially suited to use on the football field.
All professional and scholastic level football helmets must meet NOCSAE standards. In view of these stringent requirements, care must be take before adding or removing structures to such helmets.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,819,354 to Foster et al., assigned to Omnivision Technologies, Inc. and entitled Completely integrated helmet camera, discloses a camera housing mountable to a helmet. The camera housing contains a single-chip image sensor and includes an attaching unit that is structured to allow the camera housing to be attached to an existing structure of the helmet, such as to a face mask of a helmet. The camera housing extends above the face guard and forward of the helmet shell.
GoPro brand video cameras have found favor with various active people and sports for mounting on head gear, equipment and garments, to record action videos of the sport or activity. Some helmet wearers have attach these commercially available video systems to their helmets. This may endanger the wearer, degrade the function of the helmet and void the helmet's manufacturer's warranty.
In view of the ever growing desire and advantage of video recording for sports training and action videos, a need exists for a video camera and football helmet combination that satisfied all relevant safety requirements and standards.

Video camera housing for football helmet


A system for removing particles from a slurry tank includes a filtering device and a controller. The filtering device collects and removes particles deposited within the slurry tank and the controller controls the placement and movement of the filtering device with respect to the slurry tank.

The present invention relates generally to the field of investment casting. In particular, the invention relates to collecting and removing particles in investment casting slurry tanks.
In the investment casting industry, large slurry tanks with circulating ceramic slurry are used to coat injection molded wax patterns with ceramic. These slurry tanks are open to the environment and are typically used for weeks at a time. Wax patterns are assembled into a mold assembly. Typically, this assembly contains: gating, the wax pattern, and a pour cone. This assembly is then repeatedly dipped into the slurry tanks using a manual or automatic dipping process. After the ceramic slurry and stuccos have been adequately coated onto the wax pattern to create a ceramic shell, the wax is removed and metal is cast into the void in the ceramic shell left by the wax. After casting, the ceramic shell is then removed, leaving the cast metal part.
Because the slurry tanks are open to the environment, one problem that occurs as time progresses is that the water in the slurry tank begins to evaporate. Ceramic particles then agglomerate together and dry, forming a layer of dried ceramic agglomerates on the wall surfaces of the slurry tank and on the mixing blade (Z-bar) of the slurry tank. As moisture continues to evolve, dried ceramic builds up on the walls, the weight of the ceramic agglomerates can no longer be supported and the ceramic agglomerates fall into the ceramic slurry, creating debris within the slurry tank. Over time, large amounts of dried ceramic debris build up in the slurry tank, and as the slurry tank circulates the ceramic slurry, the dried debris continues to be stirred up in the slurry tank without being redispersed into the ceramic slurry.
Thus, when the molds are initially dipped into the ceramic slurry, the agglomerates also adhere to the surface of the wax pattern, forming defects. The defects are a result of the ceramic slurry not smoothly covering the surface of the mold due to the agglomerates. These agglomerates can form defects such as, but not limited to: excessive surface roughness, metal fining, positive metals, and inclusions. In order to smooth out the defects, additional processing after the mold has been cast is necessary during the finishing operations. It is therefore important to obtain a smooth and uniform surface on the initial dip into the ceramic slurry.
A current method of collecting and removing the ceramic debris from the slurry tanks is to manually scoop the ceramic debris from the ceramic slurry using a small hand-held screen. Due to the excessive agglomerate build up, the ceramic slurry in the slurry tanks have a lifetime of approximately a quarter of a year before the ceramic slurry must be discarded and replaced. Each time the ceramic slurry must be removed from the slurry tank, the slurry tanks must be cleaned, creating time and labor costs.

Tank screening device for use in automated cleaning of investment casting slurry tanks


An ergonomic palm and forearm support device is provided for computer interface controls. The device supports the palm and the forearm of a user's hand and arm during the user's operation of a cursor control, keyboard, or other computer interface. The device has a base, a raised palm support portion between a forward end and a rearward end of the base, a forearm support portion that is inclined from the rearward end of the base toward the raised palm support portion, whereby, when the user's palm and forearm are placed on the device, an angle of greater than or equal to 180 degrees is created between the top of the user's hand and the top of the user's forearm. For a cursor control interface, the device has a cursor position control surface portion that is declined from the raised palm support portion toward the forward end of the base. For a keyboard interface, the device has a keyboard interface surface portion that is declined from the raised palm support portion toward the forward end of the base. Preferably, the cursor position control surface portion of the keyboard interface surface portion has a generally convex surface contour when observed from above, whereby the user's hand can rest on the device in a more natural prehensile position, and the interface can be operated with more natural grasping motions of the hand and fingers.

To prevent repetitive strain injuries and general discomfort associated with the use of computer keyboards and the like, attempts have been made to create ergonomic keyboards and associated hardware. There are many unusually shaped keyboards and cursor positioning devices such as the mouse. However, there is no device which adequately addresses the issue of Repetitive Strain Injury with a convenient and simple solution.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome(CTS), a form of tendinitis within the arms and wrists of a user of keyboards, is caused when a person's job requires the person to use manually actuated devices for extended periods of time. Ligament friction and joint stress can cause temporary or permanent pain.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,426,449 reveals a keyboard which rotates the hands and supports them on their sides. This may help the underside of the wrist, but the same problems would develop on the side. Also, in this configuration, the entire weight of the arms would rest upon the side of the hands which would soon cause discomfort.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,416,498 and 5,339,097 issued to Grant show a keyboard having a "split-key" arrangement with the key face angled toward the user and having cursor control located for the thumb. When using Grant's keyboard the user's wrists and arms have no support, and to use the mouse with the user's thumb's, the user's wrists would incur a severe angle. This severe angle between the top of the forearm and the top of the hand would increase wrist stress even more.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,145,270 issued to Darden reveals a Reverse Slope Keyboard which has a raised rear portion and a wrist support at the top so that the user may strike the keys on a reversely sloping keyboard surface. Darden's keyboard represents the greatest improvement until now and yet does not solve the problem of user stress. Darden's keyboard does make the leap to a reverse slope, however the support is defined support as a wrist support. From the figures included in Darden's patent, one can see that the wrists are supported at the forearm hand junction, increasing pressure upon the Carpal Tunnel and thus inducing previously mentioned Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Darden's keys are arranged in a stepwise fashion upon the reverse sloping face of the keyboard. The keys are large and must be struck vertically(to make clearance for fingernails). The important problem here is that if the user's hand is supported at the wrist, and the user's fingers must move in a perpendicular plane to that generated by the user's forearms, the user's fingers become very tired very quickly. Thus, when using Darden's keyboard, pain and discomfort would come rapidly and the problem that this art form attempts to address would remain.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,120,938 and 5,029,260 by Rollason reveal a keyboard designed to be used in the lap of the user. Rollason's keyboard, while convenient, does not address the issue of repetitive strain injury correctly. Rollason does not address the issue of wrist stress because the keys are facing the user which causes one's wrists to be bent backwards. And, while in the lap of the user, there is no support for the user's forearms unless the user's forearms rest on the user's chair arm rests. The user would encounter the difficulty of having a mis-match between the height of the arm-rest and the height of the user's elbows. Finally, this keyboard would be cumbersome and extremely uncomfortable if used on a table top. Also, while using Rollason's keyboard in one's lap, one would eventually drop one's wrists down and thus incur the strain associated with a severe angle between the hand and forearm.
None of these patents correctly understands and addresses the joint stress issue. To fully address the hand stress issue, one must do the following: Place one's hands in one's lap, palms facing up, and find the position which is the most comfortable. The position you probably have found is one where there is a slight angle between the top of your forearm and the top of your hand(slightly greater than 180 degrees). Also, one's hands are probably in the prehensile or grasping position, as though you would not have to move your fingers and thumb far to grab something. Now, while maintaining the same hand and forearm positions, roll the forearms over until the palms are facing down. This is the ideal position for the hands to operate in. And, none of the disclosed patents makes an attempt to put the hand and forearm into this position.
The following is a list of disadvantages within the current art of ergonomic interfaces:
1) Excessive pressure is placed upon the wrist and thumb joints. This pressure is applied by direct force from another object upon which the wrist is resting. Abnormal pressure is also created within the wrist and thumb joints when the angle between the top of the forearm and the top of the hand becomes less than 180 degrees. PA1 2) Current attempts to address the joint stress problem support the wrists of the user, thereby aggravating the problem. PA1 3) Existing patents have small radii on most edges which can jab into the user's hands and become uncomfortable after extended use. PA1 4) Existing patents force the user to sit at the desk and work, causing back problems, and existing patents that utilize the lap-mounted position are cumbersome and cause an angle between the top of the forearm and the top of the hand which is less than 180 degrees. PA1 5) Existing patents and hardware force the user to strike or push the keys of the keyboard. The striking motion or pushing motion of the keys is inherently unnatural for hands adapted to grasp, grip, or pull towards the palms of the hands. PA1 6) Existing patents and hardware have large keys and are spaced far enough apart to require large finger movements to strike them. PA1 7) Existing key arrangements do not lie in the path that the natural motion of the fingertips take as the fingers move away from the palm of the hand. PA1 8) Existing keys, once struck, "bottom out" and stop abruptly sending shock waves reverberating through the joints of the finger striking the key. PA1 9) Existing patents have keyboards made of hard plastic material which, over time, become uncomfortable. PA1 10) Existing patents do not provide forearm support in a convenient manner(i.e. incorporated as part of the keyboard or ergonomic interface). PA1 11) Existing patents require motion of the fingertips/hands that is inherently unnatural(i.e. pushing or striking motion as opposed to pulling motion). PA1 12) Existing patents do not require the hands to be in a truly prehensile or grasping position. PA1 13) Existing patent with reverse slope of keyboard face has keys arranged in a manner which requires awkward motion of the fingers(i.e. perpendicular to forearms). PA1 14) Existing patent with reverse slope of keyboard face does not have keys arranged normal to reversely sloping plane. PA1 15) Existing patents have keys arranged such that they are easily visible while in use. This discourages the keyboard user from memorizing the key positions and thus slows down the user's long term data entry speed. PA1 16) Existing patents do not provide palm support in a convenient manner such that keys can easily be reached even while the palms of the hands are supported. Existing patents may support the palm, but to actuate keys etc., the angle between the top of the forearm and the top of the hand is forced to bend at an angle of less than 180 degrees. PA1 17) Existing patents do not provide a convenient method of utilizing one's cursor position control in one's lap without creating an angle between the top of the forearm and the top of the hand which is less than 180 degrees. PA1 18) Existing patents do not have integral thumb recesses. PA1 19) Existing patents do not have grab handles for convenient movement of device. PA1 20) Existing patents do not have convenient power cord storage space. PA1 21) Existing patents do not provide a recessed area for the user's stomach(i.e. no belly space). PA1 22) Existing lap mounted patents are not contoured for groin and scrotal area. PA1 23) Existing patents do not incorporate a cursor control centrally located on reverse side of keyboard or centrally located on reverse side of cursor control pad. PA1 24) Existing patents do not provide dual space bars centrally located in recessed thumb area. PA1 25) Existing patents do not allow the fingers and thumbs to comfortably wrap around the keyboard surface in a grasping position. PA1 26) Existing cursor control pads do not incorporate a convex declined shape on cursor control surface. PA1 1) To provide manually actuated ergonomic interfaces(E.I.'s) for humans which create minimal pressure upon the wrist and thumb joints by supporting either the palm of the hands, the forearms, or both. Further reduction of wrist and thumb joint pressure to be accomplished by creating an angle of greater than or equal to 180 degrees between the top of the forearms and the top of the hands of the user while using the E.I.'s. PA1 2) To provide E.I.'s which do not support the wrists of the user directly thus inherently reducing stress(force per unit area) within the wrists. PA1 3) To provide E.I.'s with all surfaces that may come in contact with the user having large radii that will not jab into the user and thus be more comfortable for extended periods of use. PA1 4) To provide E.I.'s that can be used in a lap mounted position that does not force the user to sit immediately adjacent to his or her desk, which is not cumbersome and creates an angle of greater than or equal to 180 degrees between the top of the hands and the top of the forearms of the user, thus reducing back problems and/neck strain and other repetitive strain injuries(RSI). PA1 5) To provide E.I.'s which do not force the user to strike or push the keys of the keyboard. Rather than push or strike the keys, an E.I. is provided that has keys that are pulled with the hands in a more natural grasping motion, thus adapting the E.I. to the naturally evolved prehensile position of the hands of the user. PA1 6) To provide E.I.'s which have small keys that are spaced close enough together so as to require only minimal finger motion and force to actuate them. PA1 7) To provide a key arrangement which places the keys in the path that natural finger motion follows as the fingers move toward or away from the palm of the hands. PA1 8) To provide keys that will not "bottom out" abruptly, but will have sufficient cushioning once actuated such that minimal force is placed upon the finger joints at the completion of actuation; this will reduce forces within the finger joints and reduce wear and tear upon the fingers and their joints. PA1 9) To provide E.I.'s which have surfaces that are made from "soft" surfaces that provide cushioning to all parts of the user which may come into contact with the E.I., thus increasing the comfort level of the user over extended periods of use. PA1 10) To provide E.I.'s which have integral forearm supports thus increasing the convenience and acceptance of their use. PA1 11) To provide E.I.'s requiring natural motion of the fingertips and hands(i.e. pulling toward the palm/forearm as opposed to pushing or striking). PA1 12) To provide E.I.'s which force the hand into a true prehensile or grasping position. PA1 13) To provide a convex declined keyboard surface which allows the hands and forearms to be comfortably supported while minimal hand and wrist movement is required for key actuation. PA1 14) To provide a convex declined keyboard surface which has the keys arranged normally(perpendicular) to the keyboard face thus allowing the fingers to "pull" the keys while in the prehensile or grasping position. PA1 15) To provide E.I.'s which encourage the user to memorize the key locations and their associated characters or functions by locating the keys in such a way that it is difficult to view them. This encouragement to memorize, if acted upon, will increase the productivity of the user by increasing his or her data entry speed. PA1 16) To provide palm support in a convenient manner such that keys can easily be reached even while the palm is supported, while also maintaining an angle of greater than or equal to 180 degrees between the top of hand and the top of the forearm of the user. PA1 17) To provide E.I.'s with a convenient method of utilizing one's cursor position control in one's lap, while creating an angle greater than or equal to 180 degrees between the top of the hand, and the top of the forearm of the user. PA1 18) To provide E.I.'s with integral thumb recesses. PA1 19) To provide E.I.'s with grab handles for convenient movement of E.I. PA1 20) To provide E.I.'s with convenient power cord storage space. PA1 21) To provide E.I.'s with a recessed area for the user's stomach( i.e. belly space). PA1 22) To provide lap mounted E.I.'s contoured for groin and scrotal area. PA1 23) To provide E.I.'s with cursor position control centrally located on forward side of convex declined surface, or centrally located on reverse side of cursor control pad. PA1 24) To provide E.I.'s with dual space bars centrally located in recessed thumb area, such that they may be actuated by the natural grasping motion of the thumbs. PA1 25) To provide E.I.'s which allow the fingers and thumbs to comfortably wrap around the keyboard surface in a grasping position. PA1 26) To provide cursor control pads which incorporate a convex declined shape for the cursor control surface.

Forearm support for computer interface device


A system and a method for monitoring a freight container are provided. The method includes the steps of generating a resonant spectrum representative of an initial condition of internal surfaces and contents of the freight container, and saving the resonant spectrum for future comparison purposes. The method further includes generating a second resonant spectrum and comparing the second resonant spectrum with the initial resonant spectrum to determine whether there has been any tampering with the freight container. The method also includes identifying the contents of the freight container and generating loading diagrams of the contents and using polarity configuration characteristics of the internal surfaces of said freight container to determine whether the contents have moved or been shifted during transport.

The present invention relates to a system and method for monitoring a freight container and, in particular, for identifying the contents of the freight container, for detecting whether the boundary of the container has changed in any respect, and for detecting whether the contents have shifted or been moved during transport.
Containerized shipping is the most common method of freight shipment in today's economy. About 90% of the $12.5 trillions of merchandise traded worldwide was handled by containerized shipping involving about 200 million freight containers in the intermodal transportation between the major seaports around the world.
While containerized shipping brings great advantage to efficient and low cost freight shipment, it also opens the door to a variety of freight container related crime. Further, unsecured freight containers represent a global security threat. Terrorist attacks involving freight container transportation systems could cause an extended shutdown in freight deliveries, physical destruction, loss of life, and lost production in contaminated areas. Still further, freight containers are being used as a way to smuggle people undetected into countries, which will bring social instability to our society.
The integrity of freight shipments have become an important issue for governments, security agencies, ports, insurance companies, shippers, transportation companies, and the manufacturers who depend on the containerized supply chain to receive raw materials and deliver finished goods.
A wide variety of systems have been developed for detecting, analyzing and monitoring the contents of freight containers and the like. One such system is shown in published U.S. patent application No. 2003/01895190 to Anderton et al. The Anderton et al. system images the contents of containers. The system includes an imager arranged to receive millimeter wave radiation from a reception volume through a reception antenna, wherein the container is moving relative to the receive antenna. The reception volume is positioned such that the relative movement causes the reception volume to move through the container. Data from the antenna is recorded as the reception volume moves through the container. An image of the contents of the container is built up from the recorded data. The imager may be mounted in a portal for allowing relative positioning of the container and allowing relative speed to be controlled.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,910,973 to Grodzins relates to an inspection system for detecting the presence of a concealed item within an enclosure, such as a freight container. A beam of penetrating radiation is incident on the enclosure and detected by a detector disposed on the side of the enclosure opposite to the incident beam. By scanning the relative orientation of the enclosure with respect to the beam, the penetrating radiation transmitted through the enclosure is mapped, compared with known properties of the enclosure, and the presence of material concealed within the enclosure is determined.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,552,346 to Verbinski et al. relates to a system and method of density detection in a target object, such as a tanker truck. The system and method involve irradiating the target object, detecting a first and second discrete number of photons penetrating the target object through respective first and second prescribed volumes and entering respective first and second radiation detectors. First and second numbers of photons are detected by the first and second radiation detectors and are counted. A display output signal is generated in response to the first and second numbers. A graphical representation of the densities within the first and second volumes of the target object is displayed.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,524,133 to Neale et al. relates to a system for identifying materials using X-rays. The system detects the mean atomic number of a mass of material, for example freight in a vehicle. The method employed by the system involves subjecting the mass to X-rays and determining a first mean number passing there through. Thereafter, the mass is subject to higher energy X-rays and a second mean number is determined. The mean atomic number of the mass is determined from look-up tables against the ratio of the first mean number to the second mean number. The mass may be scanned by two linear accelerators arranged perpendicular to each other. Detector arrays are disposed respectively opposite the accelerators so that a three dimensional image can be built up of the mass.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,344,818 to Markov relates to a device to detect the presence of a target material. The device has a source module and a detector module. The source module includes a generator for producing a source signal corresponding to a characteristic frequency of the target material. The detection nodule detects a location of the target material wherein the detection module detects an interference signal generated between the source signal and a signal generated by the target material caused by the exposure to the source signal.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,647,091 to Fenkart et al. relates to an X-ray based inspection apparatus. Features of the apparatus include radiation locking with active curtains, continuous scanning utilizing an X-ray line scanner subsystem, and a CT scanner subsystem. The apparatus is used to inspect containers.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,047,588 to Danilychev relates to an air cargo container that a system for analyzing gases drawn from the container to detect the presence of contraband within any received cargo. Sensors on a housing of the container are used to confirm that an achieved interior pressure is substantially maintained over time.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,542,580 to Carver et al. relates to an X-ray imaging system for inspecting vehicles and containers. The inspection system includes a substantially rectangular frame having an X-ray imaging system disposed thereon. The frame is detachably connected to a conveyor mechanism which conveys a vehicle or container to be inspected through the imaging system.
U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2003/0160701 and 2003/0164763, both to Nakamura et al., relate to a multifunction wireless self-organized sensor network system for the freight container security. The system uses proximity sensors to form a topological and geometrical network configuration to monitor a freight container boundary and the contents inside the freight container. U.S. Pat. No. 5,615,247 and Japanese patent publication No. 09-274077 also relate to security monitoring systems for freight container.
Despite the existence of these systems, there remains a need for an improved system, which can identify the contents of the freight container as well as ensure the security of the boundary and the contents of the freight container.


A multi-chip package including a carrier, a first chip, a second chip and a first conductive layer is provided. The first chip is disposed on the carrier and is electrically connected to the carrier through at least one first wire. The second chip is disposed on the first chip and is electrically connected to the first chip through at least one second wire. The first conductive layer is disposed on the second chip and is electrically connected to the first chip or the second chip through at least one third wire. The first conductive layer is electrically connected to the carrier through the at least one fourth wire.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates in general to a multi-chip package, and more particularly to a multi-chip package using conductive layer as a transfer terminal for wires.
2. Description of the Related Art
The increase in the demand for high density and high efficiency and the cost/benefit concern are a great impetus to the research and development as well as the application of the multi-chip package (MCP). The package module integrates the system with many chips, and can select one or more than one passive element. However, the problem is that when more chips and passive elements are integrated together, the wire bonding becomes more difficult.
For example, under the structure of a quad flat package (QFP), carrying two chips would be enough to cause difficulty in wire bonding. Referring to FIG. 1, a top view and a side view of conventional quad flat package (QFP) are shown. The die pad 10 of the lead frame carries a bottom die 20 and top die 30. The bottom die 20 is electrically connected to the die pad 10 through the first wire L1. The top die 30 is electrically connected to the first chip 20 through the third wire L3 and is connected to the die pad 10 and through the second wire L2. Beside, the die pad 10, the bottom die 20 and the top die 30 are electrically connected to the lead 40 through the fourth wire L4, the fifth wire L5 and the sixth wire L6 respectively.
However, the third wire is easily entangled with neighboring wires or other wire groups, hence incurring short-circuiting. As the layout of wiring is too intensified and against wiring principles, diligence is required when bonding the third wire lest neighboring wires might be damaged or indented. Despite no damage or indent occurs during wire bonding, the problem of wire sweeping is very likely to occur during the subsequent process of sealing the package with a liquid sealant. Wire sweeping leads to short-circuiting and affects the yield rate severely. Besides, if the position of the die is shifted such that one wire contact with each other, the likelihood of short-circuiting is still reduced. The above factors affect the yield rate to a great extent. Therefore, how to work out an efficient solution capable of resolving the wire bonding problem occurring when many chips are passive elements are integrated in the same package has become an imminent issue to be resolved in the industry of multi-chip package.

Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc.


A system, method, and computer program product are provided for preventing communication of unwanted network traffic by holding only a last portion of the network traffic. In use, network traffic associated with a file transfer is received. Additionally, only a last portion of the network traffic associated with the file transfer is held for determining whether the file is unwanted. Further, the last portion of the network traffic associated with the file transfer is conditionally forwarded to a destination device, based on the determination.

In the past, network security systems have detected the transfer of unwanted (e.g. malicious, etc.) data between devices over a network. Unfortunately, these conventional network security systems have exhibited various limitations. For example, the network security systems have generally been required to hold an entire file being transferred over the network for determining whether the file is unwanted. Thus, the network security systems have functioned as a proxy on the network, resulting in limitations in performance and storage.
Further, the network security systems have oftentimes been implemented in a non-centralized manner. To this end, there has customarily been no guarantee that signatures of unwanted data utilized for detecting the transfer of unwanted data over the network are the most up-to-date. There is thus a need for addressing these and/or other issues associated with the prior art.

System, method, and computer program product for preventing communication of unwanted network traffic by holding only a last portion of the network traffic


An apparatus for securing at least one contact in a contact housing, consists of a contact-securing plate which is arranged such that it can be displaced perpendicularly with respect to the plug-in direction and interacts with carry-along elements of an attachment aid, which is displaced from a first position into a second position by virtue of the rotary movement of a lever arm and, as a result, the contact-securing plate is displaced from a first unlatched position into a second latched position, and secures the contacts, even when the attachment aid is displaced from the second position back into the first position.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the general field of securing contacts in a contact housing.
2. Description of the Prior Art
An electric connector comprises a multi-part contact housing with a multiplicity of differently sized contacts in appropriately matching contact-receiving chambers. A contact-securing plate is arranged in the contact housing such that it can be displaced from a first position into a second position. If the contacts have not been inserted completely and correctly into the receiving chambers, it is not possible for the contact-securing plate to be displaced from the first position into the second position. It is only possible for the cover to be fitted onto the contact housing if the contact-securing plate is located in the second position. The mating housing can be plugged on irrespective of the position of the contact-securing plate. An apparatus of this generic type of the invention is known from EP 655 799 A1 (incorporated herein by reference).

Apparatus for securing contacts in a contact housing


A SPDT or SPMT switch may include a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, where a first end of the secondary winding is connected to a single pole port, where a first end of the primary winding is connected to a first throw port; a first switch having a first end and a second end, where the first end is connected to ground; and a second switch, where a second end of the secondary winding is connected to both a second end of the first switch and a first end of the second switch, where a second end of the second switch is connected to a second throw port, where the first switch controls a first communication path between the single pole port and the first throw port, and where the second switch controls a second communication path between the second throw port and the single pole port.

Single pole double throw (SPDT) switches for mobile handsets are typically located between an antenna and a radio front-end. Generally, one switch is located between a transmitter block (TX) output and an antenna; the other is located between a receiver block (RX) input and an antenna. Both switches never close simultaneously to prevent a direct path from TX to RX. The switches are required to have small insertion loss for minimum power loss in transmit mode, and noise figure and large isolation for minimum leakage in receive mode. There exist trade-offs between small insertion loss and large isolation. The size of transistor for a switch should be large to achieve small insertion loss with a multiple parallel configuration, but a large transistor brings parallel large parasitic capacitance and prevents the achievement of large isolation.
High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) technology is currently preferred for implementing a SPDT switch because of its best performance for switch operation due to high breakdown voltage and small parasitic capacitance. However, the technology is one of the most expensive technologies. Moreover, some applications require high power handling capability at the TX switch. In that case, series switches are cascaded to overcome high voltage swing from the high power but high insertion loss cannot be avoided.

Systems and methods for a SPDT switch or SPMT switch with transformer


The invention discloses a device for identifying fluids or measuring their concentration. The device is configured to capture fluid sensing signals and sent to processing capabilities to be annotated, pre-processed and fed to databases of datasets and models which have learning capabilities. The device has a stick or stylus form factor which is makes it fit to be used by health care professionals or by the general public. Advantageously, the stick can be used to capture data from gas and liquid, being possibly phases of the same analyte. The device can be a package containing all processing capabilities being configured to be autonomous. It can operate in conjunction with an intermediary device of a smart phone, a PC or a POCT type. The system comprising autonomous fluid sensory devices, intermediary devices and database servers can operate in a learning mode or in a use mode. Measurements can be filtered, and normalized to statistically eliminate the differences in measurements due to bad operational conditions, differences of device configurations or differences of local parameters (temperature, hygrometry, flow rate, etc. . . . ).

Environmental concerns create a need for the general public in an urban environment to easily access information about the concentration of a gas or particles in the atmosphere at their place. Likewise, water pollutants may need to be detected, either at the tap or in rivers, or on the sea shore. Also, hazards in the chain of production, transportation or preservation of food elements have created a need for the detection of bacteria proliferation, which may be detected by their odor. And health monitoring applications can benefit from breath data. These are only a few examples of the functions that the public at large could use in a miniature fluid sensory device.
To respond to such needs, it is known in the art to assemble sensors in sensor cells which may be sensitive to different compounds to be analyzed. Such cells can then be packaged together with an electronic device with processing and communication capabilities, like a smart phone. This is for instance the case of the device disclosed in European patent application published under n°2639582.
But a first drawback of a device of this type is that it cannot be used to detect and analyze compounds in a liquid phase because the communication device cannot be immersed in water. Therefore, its field of application is limited to gaseous phases. Also, this device only uses the communication capabilities of the smart phone with which it is integrated. Finally, but it is not the least problem to be solved, this prior art device has only the capabilities to send measurements to a server and receive the results of an identification performed on a server.
There is therefore a need for a more versatile device which would be capable to analyze a broader variety of analytes in liquid as well as in gaseous phases, and to do this possibly in communication with a number of different devices. There is also a need for a device which could be part of a network of data processing capabilities for an improved accuracy of identification of the compounds to be analyzed.

Portable fluid sensory device with learning capabilities


Extracting and mining of quote data across multiple languages, including: retrieving, from a plurality of quote sources, a plurality of commentary summarizations, wherein each commentary summarization is embodied as a machine-readable data structure and wherein the plurality of commentary summarizations include information in at least two or more languages; for each commentary summarization: identifying, within the commentary summarization, quote data, wherein the quote data represents a quote from a commentator; creating a quote tuple for the quote data, the quote tuple including information associated with quantifiable aspects of the quote data; and storing, in a quote tuple repository, the quote tuple; mining, for quote analysis information, the quote tuple repository; and presenting, to a user, the quote analysis information.

Field of the Invention
The field of the invention is data processing, or, more specifically, methods, apparatus, and products for extracting and mining of quote data across multiple languages.
Description of Related Art
With the proliferation of computers, mobile communications device, data communications networks, and other technologies, information is widely accessible. Such information can frequently include quotations from various commentators. For example, news services provide access to many stories that include quotations from people, businesses, political figures, and the like. Aggregating and making use of such information can prove to be difficult due, at least in part, to the volume of information available.

International Business Machines Corporation


In one embodiment, a computer system provides a process for executing software that cannot be executed in a first configuration. The computer system determines source media for the software stored in a first data store, the source media being in the first configuration. The computer system retrieves metadata relating to executing the software from the source media. The computer system next transforms the retrieved metadata to generate a second configuration of the source media according to a transformation rule set, where the software can be executed in the second configuration, and stores the transformed metadata in a second data store. Next, the computer system presents the second configuration of the source media based on the transformed metadata. Thereafter, the computer system satisfies a request relating to executing the software using the transformed metadata in the second data store, wherein the request is satisfied based on the second configuration.

Generally, in the context of software installations, a computer system uses source media to install the software. For example, a computer system may be running a prior version of an operating system and a user wants to install the newest version of the operating system. The source media includes the latest version of the operating system, and the computer system installs the new operating system by reading files from the source media.
In one case, the owner of the operating system assumes the computer system has the prior version of the operating system installed, and configures the format of the source media such that the prior version of the operating system can boot from the source media in an OS environment. For example, the source media may not be in a bootable configuration. However, the source media provides a program configured to extract the necessary components for installing the OS from the source media, save the components on the hard drive of the computer system, and configure the components in a bootable configuration. However, to be able to run the program, the computer needs to have a prior installation of an operating system. That is, if the computer does not have a prior operating system installed, the computer system cannot first boot thus meaning the computer system can never run the program to generate the bootable version of the new OS.
To allow the computer system to boot from the source media, the computer system must "re-master" the source media before installing the operating system. In the re-mastering process, the computer system creates a new source media by creating a sector-by-sector copy of the source media, and then modifying the copy into a configuration in which the firmware of the computer system can boot from.
While re-mastering may be effective in overcoming the challenges posed by such un-installable OS source media, total re-mastering of source media may have costs. For example, the newly configured copy of the source media requires a large memory allocation, such as several Gigabytes of disk space. Also, the re-mastering process requires upfront time to perform the necessary copying and reconfiguring operations before starting the installation process.

Synthetic device for installation source media