The invention provides a mechanism that on an opportunistic basis, enables an increased performance of network related services in a user equipment without significantly increasing the user equipment's power consumption A method in a user equipment is provided for handling a radio receiver comprised in the user equipment The radio receiver is adapted to receive signals from a first network over a radio link The user equipment further comprises a battery The method comprises the steps of: —detecting a change of power consumption of the battery in the user equipment, and —adjusting the receiver activity level based on the detected change of battery power consumption.

In wireless communication systems such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) and Long Term Evolution (LTE), discontinuous reception (DRX) allows the user equipment to save its battery consumption. The user equipment's battery life time is important for the network to ensure that its subscriber's don't have to recharge the battery unnecessarily and are able to access the network services whenever desired. The DRX cycle adjusts the user equipment's radio receiver activity depending on what kind of online service that is currently accessed. The DRX operation is employed not only in idle, or low activity states, but also in connected mode. In principle this allows the network to have considerable control on the overall user equipment power consumption in idle and connected modes.
In low activity states the DRX is used to save the user equipment battery power consumption. In such states the user equipment is able to receive paging or very short packets only at well-defined periodic instances depending upon the actual DRX state. The periodicity of the DRX operation is determined by the DRX cycle, which is set by the network. A typical DRX cycle may range e.g. from 0.1 second to 10 seconds. In both WCDMA and LTE the DRX cycle is user-specific, which means different users in the same cell are individually assigned a DRX cycle. It is initially assigned to the user equipment at the time of registration but later on it can be altered (shortened or extended) any time by the network. Furthermore, the DRX cycle can be assigned by the core network through non access stratum (NAS) procedures using higher layer protocol signalling.
In low activity states, the user equipment autonomously decides when and which cell to reselect. To some extent the user equipment mobility behaviour is controlled by some broadcasted system parameters and performance specification. The cell reselection in the user equipment relies on some downlink measurements. More specifically in order to be able to camp to the correct cell, e.g. best cell in terms of radio conditions, the user equipment regularly performs two important tasks: 1) identification of new neighbour cells, and 2) downlink measurements on the identified neighbour cells. The two tasks are carried out by the user equipment in parallel. Furthermore, the user equipment has to keep track of at least a certain number of cells, e.g. 8 in WCDMA, in terms of their identification and neighbour cell measurements.
In low activity states the user equipment performs cell identification and neighbour cell measurements during the paging occasions or the so-called wake up instances, i.e. the time during which the user equipment wakes up to listen to the expected paging or other relevant information. Generally the wake up instances are very short. e.g. less than 1 ms. This has direct impact on the measurement performance since user equipment is unable to collect sufficient number of measurement samples during a certain time period. More specifically the following aspects of the measurement performance are affected: 1) cell identification delay is extended (e.g. up to several seconds), 2) measurement accuracy of the measurement quantities become worse, 3) physical layer measurement period of the measurement quantities over which desired measurement accuracy is defined. The user equipment is not mandated to wake up only at the paging occasions. However, in practical implementation the user equipment will avoid switching on its receiver as much as possible during the sleep period. In very long DRX cycles (e.g. 5 seconds) the user equipment may wake up few times in between the paging occasions to perform measurements to make sure at least some minimum measurement quality is maintained. The last two aspects (accuracy and measurement period) could be traded to some extent, i.e. shorter measurement period with relatively worse accuracy and vice versa. In e.g. WCDMA all the above measurement performance aspects are worse than those achievable in active or connected mode, where much more intense measurement sampling rate is possible.
On paging reception or arrival of data the user equipment is required to change its state from idle or low activity to higher activity state or directly from idle to the active state. Obviously longer DRX cycle will lead to longer transition from idle to higher activity state, or in other words longer delay in accessing the incoming call or data. For conventional services like speech and classical packet data, the delay may not have severe impact. However, for some advanced services like online gaming the transition should be as fast as possible.
In WCDMA, DRX in active or the so-called Radio Resource Control (RRC) connected mode allows a user equipment to save its battery while staying connected since it wakes up only at periodic instances according to the DRX cycle. The DRX operation in active mode is also employed in LTE. The basic configuration of the DRX cycle and associated parameters is done via RRC signalling in both LTE and WCDMA. But still to some extent the DRX operation is controlled via lower layer signalling directly between the base station and the user equipment. This allows the network to promptly activate and deactivate the DRX operation.
In active or connected mode, the user equipment has to perform measurements to enable handovers. As in case of idle mode the user equipment regularly performs the following two major tasks in active mode: 1) Identification of new neighbouring cells, and 2) downlink measurements on the identified neighbour cells.
The DRX feature implies that the user equipment will mostly collect measurement samples at the wake up instances. Accordingly the measurement requirements in WCDMA have been relaxed in DRX mode. This means there will be much longer cell identification and measurement reporting delay in DRX. For instance the measuring reporting delay will be extended from 200 ms (in continuous reception mode) to around 5-6 seconds in WCDMA in the worst possible DRX scenario, i.e. user equipment only wakes up at the end of the longest possible DRX. The handover should not be delayed to avoid loss of data. Thus the impact on the mobility in active mode is more severe in the idle mode.
One difference between idle and active modes is that in the latter case generally much shorter DRX cycles are used. In LTE the DRX cycle in the order of up to 1 second is envisaged. Nevertheless, the delay in accessing the service compared to the continuous reception scenario is unavoidable. For some services like gaming and voice over IP the delay should be minimized. Another issue is that, due to DRX and especially in case of longer DRX, the network may not be able to fully exploit the characteristics of channel dependent scheduling. This may cause some throughput degradation compared to the continuous reception scenario.
In the past the main objective of the user equipment was to access voice and later on data services, which are offered by the network operator to its subscribers. These services will be referred to as online services. Traditional cell phones and even presently the low end user equipments are designed mainly to access online services. However the present and especially the future user equipments are incorporating at least two major evolutionary set of features: 1) offline, i.e. local services and 2) multiple set of online service technologies on the same terminal. Cell phone technology has dramatically evolved in terms of providing local services and features whose existence on a particular user equipment and accessed by the subscriber remain transparent to the operator because they are accessed without network's intervention. Well known examples of local services are music such as e.g. MP3-players, digital cameras, radio, word processors, advanced calculators, offline games, etc. The traditional conception of a user equipment is being transformed to a full scale computer. Common categories of user equipments are personal digital assistants, smartphones, pocket-computers, palm computers, etc. Another major step is that the same user equipment could support multiple technologies. Typical examples are combination of:                TDD/FDD (Time Division Duplex/Frequency Division Duplex) WCDMA for unicast services and DVB-H for broadcast services        TDD/FDD WCDMA for unicast services and FDD/TDD MBSFN (on different carriers)        TDD/FDD LTE for unicast/broadcast and DVB-H for broadcast servicesFirstly it is not likely that all operators offer services related to all categories and combination of technologies. Secondly, even if an operator offers several of these services, it may still not be possible for each individual network (especially the lower protocol layers) to be aware of subscriber's activity and usage of other possible technologies, which are available on its user equipment. Additionally a subscriber due to economic or any other reason may choose not to access all set of services from the same service provider. Lastly the subscriber could access the services offered by different technologies independently.
The advanced user equipment bearing multiple local services and technologies are expensive. Therefore subscribers would expect overall better overall performance from all aspects, e.g. mobility, local services, etc. Further, the subscriber is likely to use its user equipment for multiple tasks on a more regular basis. This approach but will drain user equipment battery due to its frequent activation. It is also likely that subscriber uses the local features more often when moving around rather than when staying at home. For instance the user may prefer to use the user equipment to play music or take photos when driving a car or during a casual stroll, but instead prefer to use the standalone music players or cameras for example when attending a party. Evidently during mobility the level of accuracy and delays associated with the synchronization, measurements, etc, performed by the user equipment become critical.
In WO 00/22837 a variable sleep mode for mobile stations is presented where the sleep cycle of the mobile station may be optimally varied depending on one or more conditions relating to the mobile station's operation. In WO 00/22837 an improved service quality/delay leads to increased battery consumption. The variable sleep mode capabilities in WO 00/22837 permits optimization of the tradeoff between battery consumption and service quality/delay in accordance with the individual objectives and/or conditions of a particular user/mobile station.

Method and arrangement for handling a radio receiver in a wireless communication network


A pressure vessel bypass valve forms a bypass system for enabling a part of the air compressed by a compressor to directly flow into a combustor while preventing the part of the air from flowing through a humidification tower and a recuperator. A turbine bypass valve forms another bypass system for enabling a part of a humidified air to be discharged to an exhaust duct after a heat exchange between the humidified air and a turbine exhaust gas is performed in the recuperator while preventing the part of the humidified air from flowing through a turbine. A turbine control system controls the bypass valves to be opened and closed in accordance with increase and decrease of the load.

The present invention relates to a gas turbine system, particularly a gas turbine system preferably applicable to a high humidity electric power generating plant in which a humidity of a gaseous matter to be supplied to a gas turbine is increased to improve an output power and an efficiency.
A high humidity gas turbine system in which water is injected into a gaseous matter (air) to be supplied to a gas turbine so that an output power and an efficiency are improved, is of high efficiency in comparison with a conventional gas turbine electric power generating plant, and is expected to be used in a compact electric generator for a factory or a cogeneration system. Further, since a flexible operation for a daily start-stop and load variation is needed in the compact electric generating plant or the like, an improvement in load following operation is desired.
A high humidity gas turbine system for the flexible load following operation, including a bypass system bypassing a humidification tower to directly supply a part of air compressed by a compressor to a downstream side of the humidification tower, and a humidifier connected to the bypass system to adjust a humidity of the part of air with a spray injection, is known. (For example, JP-A-2005-307861)

Gas turbine system having an air intake bypass system and an air discharge bypass system


The invention concerns the processing of audio data. The invention is characterized in that it consists in: (a) encoding signals representing a sound propagated in three-dimensional space and derived from a source located at a first distance (P) from a reference point, to obtain a representation of the sound through components expressed in a spherical harmonic base, of origin corresponding to said reference point, (b) and applying to said components compensation of a near-field effect through filtering based on a second distance (R) defining, for sound reproduction, a distance between a reproduction point (HPi), and a point (P) of auditory perception where a listener is usually located.

Techniques pertaining to the propagation of a sound wave in three-dimensional space, involving in particular specialized sound simulation and/or playback, implement audio signal processing methods applied to the simulation of acoustic and psycho-acoustic phenomena. Such processing methods provide for a spatial encoding of the acoustic field, its transmission and its spatialized reproduction on a set of loudspeakers or on headphones of a stereophonic headset.
Among the techniques of spatialized sound are distinguished two categories of processing that are mutually complementary but which are both generally implemented within one and the same system.
On the one hand, a first category of processing relates to methods for synthesizing a room effect, or more generally surrounding effects. From a description of one or more sound sources (signal emitted, position, orientation, directivity, or the like) and based on a room effect model (involving a room geometry, or else a desired acoustic perception), one calculates and describes a set of elementary acoustic phenomena (direct, reflected or diffracted waves), or else a macroscopic acoustic phenomenon (reverberated and diffuse field), making it possible to convey the spatial effect at the level of a listener situated at a chosen point of auditory perception, in three-dimensional space. One then calculates a set of signals typically associated with the reflections ("secondary" sources, active through re-emission of a main wave received, having a spatial position attribute) and/or associated with a late reverberation (decorrelated signals for a diffuse field).
On the other hand, a second category of methods relates to the positional or directional rendition of sound sources. These methods are applied to signals determined by a method of the first category described above (involving primary and secondary sources) as a function of the spatial description (position of the source) which is associated with them. In particular, such methods according to this second category make it possible to obtain signals to be disseminated on loudspeakers or headphones, so as ultimately to give a listener the auditory impression of sound sources stationed at predetermined respective positions around the listener. The methods according to this second category are dubbed "creators of three-dimensional sound images", on account of the distribution in three-dimensional space of the awareness of the position of the sources by a listener. Methods according to the second category generally comprise a first step of spatial encoding of the elementary acoustic events which produces a representation of the sound field in three-dimensional space. In a second step, this representation is transmitted or stored for subsequent use. In a third step, of decoding, the decoded signals are delivered on loudspeakers or headphones of a playback device.
The present invention is encompassed rather within the second aforesaid category. It relates in particular to the spatial encoding of sound sources and a specification of the three-dimensional sound representation of these sources. It applies equally well to an encoding of "virtual" sound sources (applications where sound sources are simulated such as games, a spatialized conference, or the like), as to an "acoustic" encoding of a natural sound field, during sound capture by one or more three-dimensional arrays of microphones.
Among the conceivable techniques of sound spatialization, the "ambisonic" approach is preferred. Ambisonic encoding, which will be described in detail further on, consists in representing signals pertaining to one or more sound waves in a base of spherical harmonics (in spherical coordinates involving in particular an angle of elevation and an azimuthal angle, characterizing a direction of the sound or sounds). The components representing these signals and expressed in this base of spherical harmonics are also dependent, in respect of the waves emitted in the near field, on a distance between the sound source emitting this field and a point corresponding to the origin of the base of spherical harmonics. More particularly, this dependence on the distance is expressed as a function of the sound frequency, as will be seen further on.
This ambisonic approach offers a large number of possible functionalities, in particular in terms of simulation of virtual sources, and, in a general manner, exhibits the following advantages:                it conveys, in a rational manner, the reality of the acoustic phenomena and affords realistic, convincing and immersive spatial auditory rendition;        the representation of the acoustic phenomena is scalable: it offers a spatial resolution which may be adapted to various situations. Specifically, this representation may be transmitted and utilized as a function of throughput constraints during the transmission of the encoded signals and/or of limitations of the playback device;        the ambisonic representation is flexible and it is possible to simulate a rotation of the sound field, or else, on playback, to adapt the decoding of the ambisonic signals to any playback device, of diverse geometries.
In the known ambisonic approach, the encoding of the virtual sources is essentially directional. The encoding functions amount to calculating gains which depend on the incidence of the sound wave expressed by the spherical harmonic functions which depend on the angle of elevation and the azimuthal angle in spherical coordinates. In particular, on decoding, it is assumed that the loudspeakers, on playback, are far removed. This results in a distortion (or a curving) of the shape of the reconstructed wavefronts. Specifically, as indicated hereinabove, the components of the sound signal in the base of spherical harmonics, for a near field, in fact depend also on the distance of the source and the sound frequency. More precisely, these components may be expressed mathematically in the form of a polynomial whose variable is inversely proportional to the aforesaid distance and to the sound frequency. Thus, the ambisonic components, in the sense of their theoretical expression, are divergent in the low frequencies and, in particular, tend to infinity when the sound frequency decreases to zero, when they represent a near field sound emitted by a source situated at a finite distance. This mathematical phenomenon is known, in the realm of ambisonic representation, already for order 1, by the term "bass boost", in particular through:                M. A. GERZON, "General Metatheory of Auditory Localisation", preprint 3306 of the 92nd AES Convention, 1992, page 52.
This phenomenon becomes particularly critical for high spherical harmonic orders involving polynomials of high power.
The following document:
SONTACCHI and HÖLDRICH, "Further Investigations on 3D Sound Fields using Distance Coding" (Proceedings of the COST G-6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX-01), Limerick, Ireland, 6-8 Dec. 2001), discloses a technique for taking account of a curving of the wavefronts within a near representation of an ambisonic representation, the principle of which consists in:                applying an ambisonic encoding (of high order) to the signals arising from a (simulated) virtual sound capture, of WFS type (standing for "Wave Field Synthesis");        and reconstructing the acoustic field over a zone according to its values over a zone boundary, thus based on the HUYGENS-FRESNEL principle.
However, the technique presented in this document, although promising on account of the fact that it uses an ambisonic representation to a high order, poses a certain number of problems:                the computer resources required for the calculation of all the surfaces making it possible to apply the HUYGENS-FRESNEL principle, as well as the calculation times required, are excessive;        processing artifacts referred to as "spatial aliasing" appear on account of the distance between the microphones, unless a tightly spaced virtual microphone grid is chosen, thereby making the processing more cumbersome;        this technique is difficult to transpose over to a real case of sensors to be disposed in an array, in the presence of a real source, upon acquisition;        on playback, the three-dimensional sound representation is implicitly bound to a fixed radius of the playback device since the ambisonic decoding must be done, here, on an array of loudspeakers of the same dimensions as the initial array of microphones, this document proposing no means of adapting the encoding or the decoding to other sizes of playback devices.
Above all, this document presents a horizontal array of sensors, thereby assuming that the acoustic phenomena in question, here, propagate only in horizontal directions, thereby excluding any other direction of propagation and thus not representing the physical reality of an ordinary acoustic field.
More generally, current techniques do not make it possible to satisfactorily process any type of sound source, in particular a near field source, but rather far removed sound sources (plane waves), this corresponding to a restrictive and artificial situation in numerous applications.

Method for processing audio data and sound acquisition device implementing this method


A wide bandwidth coupler has two outer elements around a center element. The outer elements are rectangular at their outside portions and each have a tapered nose portion next to the center element. A matching network electrically connects the two outer elements and the center element. The center element is connected to a first portion of a signal feed structure, while one of the outer elements connects to a second portion of a signal feed structure.

The present invention relates to radio frequency test equipment, and more particularly, is directed to a coupler for use in a test enclosure and for coupling to test equipment to enable wireless communication with a device under test.
Wireless communication equipment are subject to various standards relating to wireless transmission, including but not limited to power emissions standards and interference standards. The four main cellular frequency bands cover 824 to 960 MHz and 1710 to 1990 MHz. Bluetooth, Wireless LAN (WLAN) and/or global positioning system (GPS) functionality is being added to many wireless products; the center frequencies of these systems are 2450 MHz and 1575 MHz respectively. Such wireless devices, e.g., cellphones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) and smart phones, must be tested prior to sale, to ensure they comply with appropriate standards, and in general, function properly.
FIG. 1A shows a typical radio frequency (RF) testing enclosure. A device under test is placed in an enclosure that contains a coupler for wirelessly coupling between test equipment and the device under test.
Conventional couplers are designed to operate over specific frequency bands. Accordingly, when testing a device designed to operate at several frequency bands, the testing procedure must include switching the coupler for each of the frequency bands being tested. The need to switch between different couplers to test the same device decreases the reliability and repeatability of tests, increases the cost of testing, increases the difficulty of calibrating the tests, and increases the test time.
Thus, there is a need for a wide bandwidth RF coupler, operating in several frequency bands.


A betel leaf extracts composition having bactericidal, antiviral, and neutralization of virus SARS-CoV-2 properties by oral. The bactericidal, antiviral, and SARS-CoV-2 virus-neutralizing efficacy of betel leaf extract/essential oil was increased by the combination with the one or two or more active plant extracts/essential oils ingredients, 4-allylpyrocatechol (APC) ingredient, a mixture of ginger-honey, and a mixture of lemon-kumquat-cinnamon by predefined order and predetermined percentage by weight of each ingredient into an oral cavity delivery agent including a range of gum, confectionery/candy, lozenge, tablet, edible film, oral film, oral solution and oral spray solution.

COVID-19 is a disease characterized by acute respiratory infections caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus have a wide range of symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic to multi-organ failure. Symptoms are similar to those of other respiratory infections such as fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, muscle aches, confusion, headache, sore throat, chest tightness, diarrhea, and nausea. Severe disease can lead to pneumonia, respiratory failure, and even death in a few patients in the first week after infection because of the dramatic increase in the number of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases also aggravate the condition.
Until now, the COVID-19 pandemic is still posing a serious threat to humanity, the global economy and society. With its rapidly infective properties, it becomes really difficult to prevent the virus from reaching many populations. In addition to efforts to develop diagnostic reagents, vaccines, and antiviral drugs to protect human lives and slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The world still needs more traditional methods to fight the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Since ancient times, in traditional medicine around the world, many herbs have been used to treat respiratory infections such as cough, asthma, colds, bronchitis, flu, respiratory tract infections. Specifically, some species of herbs commonly used to treat respiratory diseases include betel nut, ginger, cinnamon, lemongrass, citrus trees (of the genus Citrus), etc. proven to contain biologically active compounds (Alkaloids, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, Saponins, . . . ) with antiviral effects. To create more preventive measures against the COVID-19 pandemic, the creation of safe and effective products from natural herbal sources with antiviral activity are considered potential products for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
According to research documents, the betel leaf extract contains about 15 to 40 compounds. Depending on species, or different geographical regions, the betel leaf extract/essential oil includes the following 9 groups of substances: monoterpenes (such as terpinene, pinene, limonene, thujene, camphene, etc.), sesquiterpenes (such as cadinene, elemene, caryophyllene, cubebene, etc.), alcohols (linalol, terpineol, cadinol, etc.), aldehydes (such as decanal, etc.), acids (such as palmitic acid, etc.), oxides (such as Eucalyptol, etc.), phenols (such as eugenol, chavibetol, chavicol, etc.), phenolic ethers (such as methyl eugenol) and esters (eugenol acetate, chavibetol acetate, etc.). The main components of betel leaf extract/essential oil including phenolic compounds and derivatives (eugenol, chavibetol, eugenol acetate, chavibetol acetate, 4-allylpyrocatechol diacetate, 4-allylpyrocatechol) account for a high proportion of about 25%-60% by weight. Accordingly, research show that the betel leaf extract/essential oil have inhibitory activity, killing viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa.
Besides, the SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralizer activity agent of the betel leaf extract/essential oil was tested at the Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City. In Ho Chi Minh City. The above results were performed at the Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City that listed in detail in Tables 1, and Tables 2 below, including: (a) Don't cytotoxic to Vero E6 cells; (b) Titers against virus SARS-CoV-2 used in the neutralization reaction is TCID50/0.1 mL: 105.5; and (c) Betel leaf extract/essential oil has the ability to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 virus when exposed/exposed to the virus for 30 minutes. This conclusion is a premise for more complete research and development of bactericidal and antiviral products containing betel leaves extracts/essential oils, contributing to effective prevention of virus SARS-CoV-2 during the Covid-19 pandemic.
In addition, according to preliminary statistics, our country has nearly 12,000 species of higher vascular plants belonging to more than 2,256 genera, 305 families (accounting for 4% of the total species, 15% of the total genera, 75% of the total number of plant families in the world). Not only playing the role of a green lung to regulate the climate, but the forest flora also brings great potential for medicinal plant resources in particular along with medicinal resources in general.
According to patent application No. WO2021191664A1, the invention refers to a method for making preparations for the treatment of COVID-19 coronavirus and respiratory system diseases, including ingredients of long pepper powder (Piper longum), dried ginger powder (Zingiber officinale), wild tamarind juice (Emblica officinalis). These ingredients are mixed and dried. Then, add pepper powder (Piper nigrum) to form a preparation to treat COVID-19 and respiratory system diseases. The composition is mixed with honey and drunk with warm water.
According to patent application No. PH22019000157U1, the invention refers to a process of producing candy utilizing betel leaves (Piper betel) comprises the following method: a) preparing of ingredients; b) washing of fresh betel (Piper betel) leaves in a running water; c) extracting of betel (Piper betel) leaves juice; d) cooking under moderate heat by stirring constantly until sugar dissolves; e) boiling of the mixture in the pot over medium to high heat unity reaching the hard crack stage between 300-310F; f) removing from heat; g) adding peppermint extract; h) cooling down the mixture; i) molding in a molding cups; and j) packing the candies into a polyethylene bag.
According to patent application No. CN105360550A, the invention refers to a betel nut aerated candy comprises biotin from areca nut, jelly, sugar, honey, polyol, flavoring agent, natural flavoring agent, and water. Areca flavored sponge candy is processed in the following steps: dissolving the ingredients in water, and mixing the ingredients evenly, stirring the mixture, and extruding the mixture.
The above inventions meet the specific purposes and requirements of a technical solution. However, the disclosure of the invention does not address the adjustment of the technical parameters in the process of preparing raw materials (betel leaves) before performing the extraction. At the same time, the mixing ingredients, the percentage (%) of each ingredient participating in the mixing and the method of performing the steps are also different.
Therefore, it is necessary to create an oral composition containing extracts of a betel leaf multi-purpose, effective, safe, no pollution to the environment, strengthen the body's immune system, more specifically coronavirus prevention and health safety for all ages, especially the elderly and children.
Furthermore, it is necessary to create an oral composition containing extracts of a betel leaf that have a green, safe, and healthy antibacterial and disinfection regime during the Covid-19 pandemic; and towards the post-Covid-19 epidemic to meet daily civil antibacterial requirements.
Finally, what is needed to provide a method for manufacturing the oral composition containing extracts of a betel leaf that includes simple steps, low cost, make use of available raw materials, easy to collect, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly but still ensure the quality and effectiveness of antibacterial and antiviral products, especially the ability to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virus.
This invention provides solutions to achieve the above goals.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Oral compositions containing extracts of a betel leaf and related methods


Disclosed herein a valved aortic root prosthesis comprising a vascular prosthesis with a cuff fastened to the proximal end thereof and a valve mounted in the cuff, wherein the cuff is provided with three marks at an angle of 120 degrees from each other, which divide the cuff into three zones corresponding to the right coronary sinus, the left coronary sinus and the non-coronary sinus, while the vascular prosthesis is provided with two apertures situated above the zones corresponding to the right and left coronary sinuses, wherein the aperture in the left coronary sinus zone is provided at a level of 5-25 mm from the cuff, and the aperture in the right coronary sinus zone is provided at a level of 25-55 mm from the cuff, and each aperture has a vascular prosthesis sewn thereto for connection to the adjacent coronary artery.

Aortic roots (AR) for use in cardiac surgery are known which are taken either from animals (xenograft—XG)) or from the corpse of a human being (homograft (HG). (See, e.g., Ross, D N, Homograft replacement of the aortic valve. Lancet 1962; 2: 447).
A frameless aortic valve bioprosthesis is known which is manufactured from a valve/aorta complex of a mammal, comprising a tubular body and a multi-valve sealing element abutting the end of the tubular body (see e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,443,895).
A frameless aortic root prosthesis is known (see e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,123,919) comprising a vascular prosthesis of synthetic tissue with a cuff fastened on the proximal end and a mechanical valve mounted in the cuff.
All the above prostheses, though successfully fulfilling their functional task, have an essential shortcoming. While the coronary arteries are sewn onto the prosthesis, the surgeon must do difficult manoeuvres in connection with the selection of the place for forming apertures in the wall of the vascular prosthesis, cauterising the apertures and sewing the coronary vessels onto them. Different complications can occur during this, due to, for instance, a distortion of the coronary artery, a seal failure of the connection of the artery with the vascular prosthesis and the like.
Therefore, there is a need for a valved aortic root prosthesis that simplifies the prosthesis implantation procedure and reduces risk of post-operative complications.


A method for assessing a cold start emission reduction (CSER) strategy applied to an engine system is provided. The method determines a first accumulation value based on an estimated output signal that would result from applying a first control command to the engine system. The method determines a second accumulation value based on a measured output signal resulting from applying a second control command that implements the CSER strategy to the engine system. The method compares the first accumulation value and the second accumulation value. The method determines whether the applying the second command to the engine system achieved a performance threshold of the CSER strategy based on the comparing.

Manufacturers of internal combustion engines, particularly diesel engines, are presented with the challenging task of complying with current and future emission standards for the release of nitrogen oxides, particularly nitrogen monoxide, as well as unburned and partially oxidized hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and other particulates. In order to reduce the emissions of internal combustion engines, a number of different strategies are being used. For example, exhaust gas recirculation ("EGR") techniques are utilized in some conventional internal combustion engines to reduce the level of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas.
During a cold start of an internal combustion engine, a quantity of emissions from the engine is relatively large compared to a quantity of emissions from the engine after the engine is heated up to a certain temperature. In order to reduce the emissions more effectively during a cold start of the engine, emissions reduction strategies applied during a cold start are different than emissions reduction strategies applied when the engine is warmed up. Some regulation standard requires that the emission reduction strategies be monitored and diagnosed. It is, therefore, desirable to provide methods and systems to monitor and assess cold start emission reduction strategies.

Monitoring cold start emission reduction strategy


The present invention provides a thermal transfer film which is prevented from static charging phenomenon, sticking phenomenon and staining of thermal head. This transfer film comprises a base film and an antistatic layer comprising an inorganic polymer of polysiloxane containing silanol group or a quaternary ammonium type polyelectrolyte which is provided on at least one side of the base film. A heat meltable ink layer is provided on one side of the base film.

1. Field of the Invention
This is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/340,457 filed Apr. 19, 1989 now abandoned.
The present invention relates to a thermal transfer film used in thermal recording devices such as thermal printer, etc. and more particularly to a thermal transfer film which can prevent static charging phenomenon on recording, sticking phenomenon and staining of a thermal head.
2. Discussion on Related Arts
Recently, thermal transfer films comprising a base film coated with a heat-meltable ink have come to be used rapidly in thermal recording devices such as thermal printers and thermal facsimiles. Thus clear images are obtained on plain papers. That is, a plain paper and a heat-meltable ink layer of a thermal transfer film are brought into close contact with each other and are subjected to localized heating by a pulse signal from a thermal head opposite to the heat-meltable ink layer.
The heated heat-meltable ink layer is molten and transferred to the plain paper to give an image.
As a base film of such thermal transfer films, there have been known various films such as polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, polyimide and polyamide.
In many cases, a heat resistant layer of a silicone resin and the like is provided on the surface which contacts with a thermal head to prevent sticking.
However, thermal transfer films with the above-exemplified base films are high in surface resistivity whose surface contacts with a thermal head, namely, at least 10.sup.14 and hence have the defect that static electricity is often generated at thermal transfer printing.
Static electricity is generated due to friction between the thermal head and the thermal transfer film on thermal transfer printing and when the thermal transfer film is peeled from a plain paper.
Obstruction caused by occurrence of static electricity is an electric shock given to human body at the time of changing of used thermal transfer film roll charged with 10 KV or higher. Besides, dust collected on thermal head sometimes result in unclear images. Further, the plain paper is also charged to deteriorate travelling property of the paper in some cases.
Hitherto, various proposals have made to improve this static charging phenomenon. For example, Japanese Patent Kokai (Laid-Open) No. 129789/82 has proposed a method of providing a resin layer containing a surface active agent or an organic salt on the surface of a base film opposite to the ink layer. However, the surface active agent and the organic salt are still insufficient in antistatic effect (the effect of preventing static charging phenomenon) because these are contained in a resin layer. That is, in order that a surface active agent exhibits the effect as antistatic agent, the surface active agent needs to be migrated to the surface of a resin layer and is present on the surface in such a state that oleophilic portion of the molecule of the surface active agent faces inner portion of the resin and hydrophilic portion faces air and thus water in air is adsorbed to the hydrophilic portion to exhibit the antistatic effect. If compatibility between the resin and the surface active agent is high, less migration to the surface of the resin occurs and the effect is difficult to be exhibited.
On the other hand, if the compatibility is poor, the surface active agent moves to the surface of resin to exhibit antistatic effect, but there is the defect of the surface active agent, that is staining a thermal head.
Japanese Patent Kokai (Laid-Open) No. 151095/85 proposes thermal transfer films containing an electrically conductive material and discloses that this has antistatic effect. Specifically, this patent publication proposes a thermal transfer film where a conductive material is provided as a layer on a support opposite to a heat meltable ink layer, a thermal transfer film where the conductive material is provided as a layer between the support and the heat meltable ink layer, a thermal transfer film where the conductive material is contained in the heat meltable ink layer and a thermal transfer film where the conductive layer is contained in a heat resisting layer. As the electrically conductive material, there are mentioned NaCl, KCl, MgCI.sub.2, anionic surface active agents, cationic surface active agents, nonionic surface active agents ampholitic surfactant, Al, Cu, Zn, carbon, polyelectrolytes, organic semiconductors and the like. In order to provide these conductive materials in the form of a layer, they must be contained in resins and those which contain NaCl, KCl, MgCl.sub.2, or surface active agents are still insufficient in antistatic effect.
Furthermore, resins containing Al, Cu, Zn or carbon have antistatic effect, but base film of thermal trahsfer film becomes opaque and weight of coated heat meltable ink cannot be controlled by transmission density. Thus, there remain practical problems.


An invention is provided for generating custom clock frequencies within a processor core. A CPU clock signal propagates through a DLL circuit. Further, a control signal controls the CPU clock signal as the signals propagate through multiple inverters in the DLL circuit. The multiple inverters delay the CPU clock signal and generate multiple output signals. Subsequently, the multiple output signals are combined to generate a higher frequency signal than the CPU clock signal. To control the CPU clock signal, the DLL circuit includes a charge pump to lock in a precise control signal. The charge pump further includes circuitry, such as a Schmitt circuit, to increase and decrease voltage.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to clock generation and more specifically, to internal custom clock frequency generation.
2. Description of the Related Art
Designs of advanced superscalar microprocessor architectures require reliable timing relationships between the various frequencies propagated within the superscalar microprocessor architecture. An example of one superscalar microprocessor architecture is shown in FIG. 1, which is a diagram of a computer 100 illustrating a central processing unit (CPU) 110 with a microcore (core) 120. Computer 100 can have multiple CPUs 110 connected to one or more memory 160 elements via a system bus 170. Typically, memory 160 compositions include DRAM, SRAM or flip-flops, which function as storage for data and instructions. Within CPU 110, one or more cores 120 use an interconnect 150 to transfer data and instructions to a cache 130. Further, a control logic 140 uses interconnect 150 to control the flow of data and instructions within CPU 110.
Typically, current CPUs 110 operate at higher frequencies than other motherboard components, such as hard-wired device drivers and memory 160. Consequently, motherboard designs incorporated methods to manipulate the different frequencies to enable proper motherboard operation. Similarly, internal elements of cores 110 operate at multiple frequencies. Current optimal superscalar microprocessor architectures insert delay circuitry, which forces faster, higher frequency component to wait, while slower, lower frequency components process data and instructions.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating elements of core 120 (FIG. 1) in CPU 110. Core 120 can include an instruction cache 210, an instruction fetch unit (IFU) 220, multiple integer execution units (IEU) 230 and multiple floating-point graphics units (FGUs) 240. An FGU interconnect 250 connects the output from FGU 240 to IFU 220. Typically, IFU 220 retrieves data and instructions from instruction cache 210. If necessary, core 120 can also retrieve data and instructions from cache 130 and memory 160. Each IEU 230 includes an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for computation in addition to other logic elements. Further, each IEU 230 connects to one FGU 240. Within each FGU 240 is a multiplier pipeline and an adder pipeline, which perform floating-point arithmetic and other graphics computations. Ultimately, output from FGU 240 travels via FGU interconnect 250 for use by IFU 220.
One problem with the design illustrated in FIG. 2 is the one-to-one relationship between IEU 230 and FGU 240. Because each FGU 240 has a multiplier pipeline and an adder pipeline, core 120 uses eight pipelines. As the number of IEUs 230 increase to exploit parallel computation, the number of FGUs 240 correspondingly increase. This results in increased circuitry in core 120 and CPU 110. A possible solution to the problem of increasing circuitry is to remove elements within core 120. However, while this solution reduces circuitry, another problem results.
Each IEU 230 synchronizes operations to the CPU system clock. In the example shown on FIG. 2, during one clock cycle, each IEU 230 sends output to an FGU 240. Upon removal of an FGU 240, only three FGUs 240 remain to process four IEU 230 outputs. Similarly, upon removal of another FGU 240, only two FGUs 240 remain to process four IEU 230 outputs. This requires the remaining FGUs 240 to delay the IEU 230 outputs to handle each output separately.
Accordingly, what is needed is a solution to reduce circuitry on a core 120 while adhering to the goals of designing optimal superscalar microprocessor architectures.

Processor core clock generation circuits


A direct sidewall vent system between a fuel-burning appliance in a first space and an external atmosphere, through a wall between the first space and external atmosphere. The direct sidewall vent system has a wall assembly that defines a first passage for communicating combustion gas generated through operation of the fuel-burning appliance to a first outlet through which the combustion gas is communicated to the external atmosphere. The wall assembly further defines a second passage for communicating makeup air from the external atmosphere to the fuel-burning appliance in the first space. The direct sidewall vent system further has an external portion that is situated within the external atmosphere and at which the first outlet is located. The external portion of the direct sidewall vent system has a top, a bottom, and spaced sides. The external portion of the direct sidewall vent system has a first inlet within the external atmosphere through which makeup air from the external atmosphere is communicated to the second passage. The first inlet is situated to draw makeup air from the external atmosphere primarily from a location above the first outlet.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to vent systems for fuel-burning appliances and, more particularly, to a direct vent system that communicates between an internal space, within which the appliance is located, and the external atmosphere, through a vertically extending sidewall.
2. Background Art
Fuel-burning appliances are commonly equipped with direct sidewall vent systems. Typically, concentric conduits communicate between the appliance and an external atmosphere generally in a horizontal direction through an outside, vertically extending sidewall. An inner conduit communicates combustion gases from the appliance to the external atmosphere. An annular passage between the inner conduit and a surrounding conduit communicates makeup air from the external atmosphere to the appliance.
Ideally, to optimize operation and efficiency of the fuel-burning appliance, air flow volume to, and pressure in, the appliance burner are maintained within specific ranges. Reduced air flow to the burner may cause sooting, which is detrimental to the appliance and also produces pollutants that are undesirably discharged to the atmosphere and potentially to against the interior and exterior of the building within which the appliance is located.
The type and location of the intake for makeup air and its relationship to the subjacent surface, combustion gas outlet, and wall upon which the vent system is mounted, are critical in the design of such systems to maintain adequate air flow. Myriad different makeup air intakes have been devised in the industry. It is known, for example, to provide a makeup air intake at one side, or opposite sides, of the conduits. Operation of certain of these systems may be adversely affected by atmospheric wind conditions.
Environmental winds may adversely affect other vent designs as well. High winds tend to block the discharge of combustion gas. A pressure buildup may result in the combustion chamber that slows down air flow to the burner. This may result in sooting, with the attendant disadvantages, noted above.
More commonly, the makeup air is drawn from a region at the bottom of the external portion of the vent system. These bottom located intakes have some of their own inherent disadvantages.
Commonly, those installing direct vent systems will locate the external portion of the vent system in close proximity to the ground, either at the behest of the building owner, for purposes of aesthetics, or for reasons dictated by the building geometry or convenience and ease of installation. Manufacturers of these vent systems typically will specify a minimum clearance between the external portion of the vent system and the subjacent ground. Even within these specifications, there are some inherent problems that are commonly encountered.
First of all, an accumulation of snow or debris may effectively reduce the clearance between the makeup air intake and the ground. The intake may be partially, or in a worse case altogether, blocked so that the required air flow does not occur at the combustion chamber.
Even if the clearance is within manufacturers' specifications, there is also the possibility that atmospheric winds may interact with the ground and surrounding structures to produce undesired pressure buildup at the makeup air intake.
Further, the discharged gases, and potentially pollutants, entrained therein, may be redirected at the subjacent surface so as to be recirculated by being drawn back into the makeup air intake. At low mounting heights, the makeup air intake is also prone to picking up debris that may be elevated thereto by winds and/or the discharging combustion gases. This debris may be detrimentally recirculated to the appliance.
Heretofore, in the interest of facilitating installation, or addressing aesthetic concerns, building owners have mounted the external vent components in close proximity to the ground, which has caused them to have to contend with the above-mentioned problems associated with conventional vent systems; notably variations in efficiency of the appliance operation, temporary flame-outs, sooting, etc. The industry continues to seek out designs to address some or all of the above problems.


A solid-state imaging device includes a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed two-dimensionally, an opposite electrode provided opposite to the pixel electrodes, and an organic layer formed of an organic material and provided between the pixel electrodes and the opposite electrode, in which a protrusion and recess section is formed on a surface of the organic layer on the opposite electrode side, and the protrusion and recess section includes a first protrusion and recess section formed at a position opposite to each pixel electrode and a second protrusion and recess section formed at a position opposite to the space between each pixel electrode.

The present disclosure relates to a solid-state imaging device having an organic layer formed of an organic material between a plurality of pixel electrodes and an opposite electrode, and an imaging apparatus provided with the solid-state imaging device.
Heretofore, solid-state imaging devices, including CCD sensors and CMOS sensors, have been widely known as image sensors used in digital still cameras, digital video cameras, cell-phone cameras, endoscope cameras, and the like.
As such a solid-state imaging device, the present applicants have been developing a solid-state imaging device having an organic layer formed of an organic compound (refer to Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-071469, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-071483, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-238774). The solid-state imaging device having an organic layer basically has a structure in which a pixel electrode, an organic layer, and an opposite electrode are layered in this order.

Solid-state imaging device and imaging apparatus


A method of operating an automated guided cart may include directing, using a controller, the cart on a production operation path; automatically detecting a state-of-charge in an on-board battery pack; signaling to a remote station the state-of-charge; and when the state-of-charge is below a predetermined charge limit, the remote station automatically signaling the cart to automatically veer from the production operation path to a low battery charge path and stop at a battery station.

The present invention relates generally to automated guided cart systems, and more particularly to control of such systems.
Automated guided carts may be employed in factories to move items from one location to another. These carts operate autonomously without a human operator driving the cart. Such carts may use batteries to power an electric motor to propel the cart. However, in such operating conditions, there may be times when the batteries of a particular cart are discharged during use, thus stranding the cart. This may result in lost production at the factory. Some attempts at solutions to this concern, for example buying more expensive equipment/batteries or employing automatic charging pads, may be more expensive than desired.


A method to reduce mercury in gas emissions from the combustion of low rank coal in a combustion system including: combusting coal having a low chlorine content in the combustion system, wherein elemental mercury (Hg0) is released in the flue gas produced by the combustion of the low rank coal; releasing chlorine into the flue gas by combusting a coal having a high chlorine in the combustion system; reacting the elemental mercury and released chlorine in the flue gas to oxidize the mercury; adsorbing at least a portion of the oxidized mercury generated by the combustion of the coal with an adsorbent in the flue gas, and collecting the adsorbent with the oxidized mercury in a combustion waste treatment system.

This invention relates to the combustion of coal and in particular to the reduction of mercury (Hg) in flue gases generated during coal combustion.
Mercury is a constituent part of coal mineral matter. The emission of mercury from coal-fired power plants is one of major sources of environmental mercury. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified mercury emissions from power plants as a significant hazard to public health. The EPA is considering regulations that would require utility companies operating coal-fired power plants to minimize mercury emissions. Accordingly, there is a need for effective and inexpensive technologies to control mercury emissions from power plants.
Mercury is generally discharged in waste products from coal combustion. Mercury volatizes during coal combustion as elemental mercury (Hg0). A portion of this mercury is oxidized as flue gas cools. It is believed that most oxidized mercury (Hg+2) in flue gas is present as mercury chloride HgCl2. Although elemental and oxidized mercury both can be adsorbed on fly ash, oxidized mercury is adsorbed more easily. Since oxidized mercury is water soluble, it can be removed by wet scrubbers that are used to control sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. Ash borne mercury may be removed by a particulate collection system in the power plant. However, mercury that remains as elemental mercury tends to remain in the flue gas and is particularly difficult to remove by conventional combustion emission control devices.
Eastern bituminous coals have a high amount of chlorine, e.g., more than 800 parts per million (ppm). The chlorine released during the combustion of bituminous coals assists in oxidizing to HgCl2 the elemental mercury released during combustion of the coals. The HgCl2 is readily captured by fly ash, sorbents, wet scrubbers and other types of emission control technologies.
There is a particular need to control mercury emissions from power plants burning Powder River Basin (PRB) and lignite coals. PRB coals are mined from the Powder River Basin in Wyoming and Montana of the United States. These coals represent a significant portion of the available coal for power utilities. PRB and lignite coals are desirable, in part, because they have a low sulfur content. Flue gases from these coals tend to have desirably low sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. The mercury in PRB and lignite coals (collectively "low rank coals") tends to remain as elemental mercury in the flue gas, and does not readily oxidize or convert to other forms of mercury. Low rank coals tend to have a low chlorine (Cl) content, e.g., typically less than 100 parts-per-million (ppm). In the combustion of low rank coals, mercury oxidation in the flue gas is suppressed due to the low chlorine (Cl) content and the presence of other constituents in low rank coals.
Controlling the emission of mercury in combustion flue gas is complicated because mercury may take different forms. These forms of mercury change during the combustion process and as the flue gas cools and flows through combustion gas control systems. The effectiveness of a control technology for treating mercury emissions depends on the form or speciation of the mercury present as the flue gas passes through the controls. If the form or speciation of the mercury is not accurately known or changes during emission control treatment, then selecting an effective mercury emission control technology becomes increasingly difficult.

Mercury reduction system and method in combustion flue gas using coal blending


When the number of Spatial Block Coded (SBC) modulation symbols in a Physical Resource Block (PRB) is not divided evenly by the number of SBC antenna ports, an SBC coded modulation symbol of a group of SBC coded modulation symbols is repeated, where the same Resource Element (RE) location is repeated on all antennas. In some embodiments, the repeated symbol is adjacent to a modulation symbol of the group that is not repeated. In other embodiments, the repeated modulation symbol is in an adjacent subcarrier to the subcarrier that carries the modulation symbol that is repeated. RE groups with relatively larger numbers of non-zero modulation symbols on a given antenna port and PRB occupy different antenna ports in different PRBs.

Wireless communication networks are widely deployed, and their use is ubiquitous in many parts of the world. A variety of protocols and corresponding technical specifications controlling wireless communication network structure and operation are known. The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has become the dominant standards body in this technology, and a currently deployed protocol is known as the Long Term Evolution (LTE). Embodiments of the present invention are described herein within the context of the LTE standard; however, the invention is not limited to LTE environments and may be advantageously applied to a wide variety of wireless communication network protocols, such as the Fifth Generation (5G) 3GPP standard known as New Radio (NR).

Selective symbol repetition for SFBC on sPDCCH


A non-return valve (19) for a water supply system (1) or a pump (4) is integrated in a flow channel (14) of the water supply system (1). The non-return valve (19) includes a sealing body (21) which is mounted within the channel (14), blocks the channel (14) in a first position forming the closure position and releases the channel (14) in a second position forming the opened position. The sealing body (21) is movably arranged on a holder (31) which includes a closure body (15), with which the holder (31) is releasably fastened in a housing opening.

Non-return valves are counted as belonging to the state of the art in numerous design variants, and they are applied where a flow is desired in only one direction, in order to hold fluid in a channel system or vessel, or for other purposes.
With water supply systems or pumps, a non-return valve is typically provided on the delivery side of the pump, in order to ensure that the system pressure is held at the delivery side after switching off the pump and fluid does not flow back through the pump. One the other hand, with water supply systems which are operated with centrifugal pumps, but also with other centrifugal pumps if these are to operate in quasi self-priming, it is necessary on the one hand to design these accordingly and on the other had to provide a closable filling opening, in order to ensure that fluid is located in the pump on first starting operation. A closable filling opening is to be provided upstream of the non-return valve in the flow direction, since the non-return valve is to prevent a backflow into the pump.
A known water supply system of this type is marketed by the applicant under the description Grundfos MQ. This design in practice has proven its worth, but however has the designs described above and the disadvantages which these entail. Thus, the non-return valve requires comparatively much effort for its installation and removal. Thereby, it is to be ensured that pressure no longer prevails at the delivery side, in order to avoid an uncontrolled pressure loss on removal of the non-return valve and the danger potential which this always entails.


A method and an apparatus control an internal combustion engine associated with a sensor for sensing a measured variable from which an estimated value of a torque loss of the internal combustion engine is derived. A measured value of the measured variable is determined at prescribed time intervals in each case. The measured values are corrected in such a way that a drop in the corrected measured values within a prescribed time interval is limited to a prescribed drop value.

Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine which is associated with a sensor that senses a measured variable from which an estimated value of a torque loss of the internal combustion engine is derived, in which a measured value of the measured variable is determined at prescribed time intervals in each case.
German Published, Non-Prosecuted Patent Application DE 43 04 779 A1 discloses a method and an apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine. An estimated value of the torque loss is determined through the use of a characteristic diagram from an engine speed and engine temperature, while taking a torque requirement of secondary assemblies such as an air conditioning unit, a generator or a power steering system, into account. Furthermore, the estimated value of the torque loss is adapted through the use of a steady-state deviation of a correction moment contribution of an idling speed regulator. A driver's requested torque is calculated as a function of an accelerator pedal position of an accelerator pedal and an indexed torque is determined therefrom as a function of the estimated value of the torque loss. The indexed torque is then set by prescribing corresponding setpoint values for actuators which influence the torque. The known document does not propose which measures are to be performed for a reliable operation of the internal combustion engine.
Published German Patent Application DE 39 90 872 T1, corresponding to International Publication WO 90/01631, discloses a further method and apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine. If a failure of a temperature sensor for a cooling water temperature is detected, the control of the internal combustion engine is carried out by assuming a permanently prescribed water temperature (for example 80.degree. C.).

Method and apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine


An apparatus and method for forming a flat surface on a workpiece. The apparatus includes a cutterhead, having a plurality of cutting member, configured for forming a plurality of grooves in a workpiece. The cutterhead may be disposed generally at the interface of substantially parallel offset first and a second supports in order to form a plurality of grooves defining a datum or reference plane which may be implemented to orientate the workpiece for forming a flat surface. A plurality of ridges or the like structures defining grooves are included in the second support or as an attachment to the second support in order to support the workpiece from the material forming the interior surface of the grooves so that the workpiece may be orientated with respect to the datum plane. In an additional aspect, a second cutterhead may be included for removing or forming a flat surface which is parallel to the datum plane.

Woodworkers often have to "true-up", or form lumber into flat surfaces, as part of a woodworking project. For example, most hardwood lumber or boards for cabinetry type purposes are typically sold in a relatively rough form. Due to varying transport and storage conditions, lumber may deform or include defects due to improper storage, variations in humidity, temperature variations, and the like. A hardwood board often is retailed with various defects or abnormalities which require correction prior to utilization or incorporation into the project. Defects may include cupped boards (a board which is not planar across its secondary axis (forms a bow across the width of the board)), a warp or twist (along either axis), and the like. Correction of these defects often requires a significant amount of skill/time in order to insure a proper finish such as a proper face joint between adjacent boards in cabinet panel.
When utilizing a jointer, the final condition of workpiece may be at least partly attributed to the user's skill at maintaining the proper down-pressure on the workpiece as it passes by the cutterhead. In particular, some level of skill may be required for the user to maintain uniform down pressure on an outfeed side of a jointer; thereby resulting in a uniform finish on the side of the workpiece being jointed. In some instances, mock defects may be created if a user stresses the workpiece during shaping operations. Excessive down-pressure on a bowed piece of lumber, during jointing operations, may cause the board to deform back into a bowed, or cupped shape, once pressure is relieved; thereby failing to properly finish the board. Further problems may include a workpiece being twisted or rocked between an infeed table and outfeed table during jointing operation. In the previous example, the resulting workpiece may include a non-uniform edge requiring further refining prior to utilization in the project.
Commonly, a jointer is utilized to generate a flat edge on a board (a minor side) prior to utilizing a planer to remove material from a primary face of a board, thus resulting in a board which has two flat sides. In practice, this goal may be difficult for a novice to achieve or may be time consuming. In some instances, a planer may fail to correct the defect and merely result in a nominal correction or a thinner board which still contains the defect. Typically, a planer includes a head which is disposed at a desired height above a table. A board to be planed is passed between the planer head (having an elongated cutter) and the table, thereby removing material.
In contrast, a jointer implements a cuttinghead which is disposed between parallel support surfaces to remove material. For example, a jointer may be utilized to flatten a board along its length to form a glue joint. Usually, depending on the hardness of the wood or workpiece, and the like, material may have to be removed in multiple passes (sequential operations) in order to remove a defect. Even when removing relatively small amounts of wood (i.e., a fraction of an inch), an operator may have to feed the material at a slow rate due to the feed pressure and power required to complete the operation. In the foregoing instance, a novice user may tend to force the workpiece thereby resulting in a rough edge. Furthermore, as most jointers are retailed with a 6″ or 8″ (six inch or eight inch) cutter, the effective capacity of these devices is limited. When jointing a large surface (relative to the machine capacity) numerous passes may be required in order to achieve the desired dimensions.
Therefore, it would be desirable to provide an apparatus and method for forming a flat surface on a workpiece which minimizes the amount of skill required by the operator to achieve a desired finished surface.

Apparatus and method for creating a flat surface on a workpiece


A graphical user interface for a travel planning system is described. The graphical user interface is implemented as a web page and includes a tabular region of the graphical user interface that displays summarized travel options and comprises a plurality of cells that act as controls. The interface also includes a second region that displays selected travel options resulting from filtering a set of travel options in accordance with a control actuated in the tabular region.

This invention relates generally to computerized travel planning systems.
Travel planning systems are used to produce itineraries and prices by selecting suitable travel units from databases concerning geographic scheduling and pricing information. In particular, travel planning systems that operate over the Internet are known. Some computer travel planning systems, such as Internet sites, generally produce a set of planning options, or itineraries for the traveller to consider. These options are often in the form of a single list of the possible itineraries from which the traveller may select. Such a display approach makes it difficult to clearly compare, discriminate, focus, and assimilate criteria and information that are likely to be important to the traveller.

Graphical user interface for travel planning system


Sealing system for use in the filler neck of a fuel tank, comprising a radial gasket for sealing a filler gun which can be introduced into the filler neck, a sealing surface, and an axial gasket between said sealing surface and a lead-free valve. The lead-free valve is fastened to a spring-loaded lever and urged by the lever against the axial gasket. The lead-free valve and/or the axial gasket are supported pivotingly with respect to the central axis of the filler neck and can thereby be laid flatly against one another.

The invention relates to a sealing system for use in the filler neck of a fuel tank, including a radial gasket for a filler gun that can be introduced into the filler neck, and an axial gasket independent thereof for sealing a valve, the lead-free valve being fastened to a spring-loaded lever and urged by the lever against the axial gasket. The term "lead-free valve" as used herein refers to a self sealing valve of the type used in vehicles which accept only lead free gasoline.
A sealing system of this kind is disclosed in German Patent 38 29 948, to which U.S. Pat. No. 4,995,433 corresponds. The lead-free valve contained therein is intended to prevent the escape of fuel vapors outside of the tank-filling periods. It still does not satisfy in a desirable manner the environmental protection concerns in this regard.
The invention is addressed to the problem of improving a sealing system of the kind specified above such that a reliable sealing of the fuel tank by the lead-free valve will be assured for a long period of use.


The present invention discloses Octenidine based compounds of formula (A) or formula (B) and formula (C) where in, n=1, 2, 3, 4 and R′=un-substituted or substituted aryl or alkyl group; R is hydroxy or hydrogen, X is chlorine, bromine and iodine. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation thereof.

Octenidine dihydrochloride is chemically known as N,N′-(1,1′-(decane-1,10-diyl)bis(pyridin-1(1H)-yl-4(1H)-ylidene))dioctan-1-amine dihydrochloride, as represented in Formula

Octenidine dihydrochloride (N,N′-(1,10-Decandiyldi-1(4-H)-pyridynyl-4yliden)bis(1-octan amine)-dihydrochloride-CAS No. 70775-75-6) has been found to be effective disinfectant in various applications. Octenidine dihydrochloride has been used as an antiseptic agent in human medicine.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,055,902 discloses the preparation Octenidine dibromide converted to free base of the Octenidine then converted to tetra hydochloride, in general statement given in description "Salts of the compounds of this invention are particularly therapeutically acceptable acid addition salts with inorganic acids, such as mineral acids, e.g. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric or phosphoric acids and the like, with organic carboxylic acids, e.g. formic, acetic, pro-, pionic, glycolic, lactic, pyruvic, malonic, suocinic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, dihydydromaleic, fumaric, malic, tartaric, citric, benzoic, cinnamic, mandelic, salicyclic, 4-a-minosalicylic, Z-phenoxybenzoic or 2-acetoxybenzoic, and the like, or with organic sulfonic acids, e.g. methane sulfonic, ethane sulfonic or 2-hydroxyethane sulfonic acids. Salts, which are primarily used for identification purposes, are particularly those with acidic organic nitro compounds, e.g. picric, picrolonic or flavianic acid, or with metal complex acids, e.g. phosphotungstic, phosphomolybdic, chloroplatinic or Reinecke acid. Mono-, more particularly poly-, such as bisor tetra-salts may be formed, depending on the procedure used for the preparation of the salts and/or the number of salt-forming groups present". However, no preparation of acid additional salts and no characterization data have been provided.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,206,215 discloses the preparation of Octenidine dihydrochloride in inert solvents, such as a lower alkanol, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, benzene, toluene or xylene at a temperature from 80 to 150° C. for a period of from 1 to 24 hours, and also the reaction in the absence of a solvent by heating stoichiometric amounts of the reaction components for from about 2 to 5 hours at 120 to 150° C. Aprotic solvents and similar reaction conditions are described by Bailey et al. in J. Med. Chem. 1984, 27, 1457-64.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,598,082 discloses the preparation of Octenidine dihydrochloride and Octenidine mono saccharine salt.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,380,391 discloses the preparation of Octenidine dihydrochloride in solvents and water.
Accordingly, the object of the present invention was to develop a simple process for the preparation of Octenidine dihydrochloride which does not have the above-mentioned disadvantages. This preparation process should be advantageous particularly from a production efficiency viewpoint. Because Octenidine dihydrochloride, inter alia, is used in pharmaceutical and body hygiene products etc., and the corresponding specifications have to be satisfied, it must also be free from traces of any toxicologically unacceptable impurity, which can originate, for example, from the solvent used.
Further, the prior art processes involve the use of expensive reagents, additional purifications and laborious process for the preparation of Octenidine dihydrochloride. Hence, there is a need in the art to develop an improved process for the preparation of Octenidine based compounds.
US2009/297458 Production of Octenidine Dilactate, octenidine dihydrochloride, stirring is carried out for 10 mins and a stoichiometric quantity of silver lactate is added.
The present inventors have now found an improved process for the preparation of Octenidine based compounds, which is simple, industrially applicable and yields Octenidine based compounds in high purity.


A method is disclosed for recovering timing information between master and slave nodes interconnected over a packet network having an underlying time grid with a distinct granularity. A series timing packets are exchanged between said master and slave nodes to measure the time offset of the time grid relative to clocks at the master and slave clocks. This offset is then used to either adjust the local clock at the slave node, or generate the clock using a digital controlled oscillator.

When time-sensitive data, such as voice or video data, is sent between a source node (Master) and destination node (Slave) over a packet network, the source and destination nodes will have local clocks that are not synchronized. Some method is needed for recovering the source clock at the destination node in order to recover the time-sensitive data.
Existing time distribution systems, such as Network Time Protocol (NTP), IEEE-1588, that use packet networks to synchronize clocks send so-called timing packets in both directions between the source and destination nodes. From these packets the transmission time is compared with the arrival time to enable the precise packet transit time to be determined. The clock frequency of the destination node is adjusted to retain a measured constant transit time for all timing packets passing through the network. In this way, the clock at the slaves can be synchronized to the clock at the master. This method is referred as 'Constant-Transit-Time' (CTT) clock distribution.
A CTT-method can combine the transit time for packets for both directions between source and destination node. On the assumption that both paths are subject to the same delay, the steady transit time can be eliminated so the slave clock runs with no offset relative to the Master node. The technique is referred to as 'Same-Time' synchronization.
Existing clock synchronization methods such as the Network Time Protocol (NTP) or Precision Time Protocol (PTP) from IEEE-1588, are based on the fact that packets travel with a Constant Transit Time (CTT-method) over the network. Such methods are sensitive to packet delay variations.
The CTT method loses precision when timing packets are queued at switching components and when the switching components show high timing granularity, which means that the packets are sent out at discrete time intervals. In Ethernet networks a granularity has been measured that relates to the duration required to send 3, 64 or 72 bytes over a 100 Mbps link. TDM based networks, such as T1 and E1, show a time granularity related to the frame rate of 8 kHz.
It is not possible to determine the transit time to a degree of precision better than the underlying timing granularity, and so the granularity of the network results in a loss of precision in the timing information exchanged between the source and destination nodes.

Method of recovering timing over a granular packet network


The present invention provides a camera device and an optical imaging lens thereof. The optical imaging lens comprises five lens elements positioned in an order from an object side to an image side. Through controlling the convex or concave shape of the surfaces of the lens elements, the view angle of the optical imaging lens is efficiently increased to provide better optical characteristics.

Recently, small sized photography modules are applied in the devices not just cell phones, but gaming machines, such as video game consoles, handhold game console, etc., event data recorders, reversing camera systems mounted on motor vehicles, etc. However, for achieving better imaging quality for simulating the scenes in the game or presenting the details in the recorded frames better, these devices requires for a wide shot angle, which comes to one of the chief development goal of the optical imaging lens installed therein.
U.S. Patent Publication No. 2012/0257287, 2012/0307382, 2013/0176631 and 2013/0182335 all disclosed an optical imaging lens constructed with an optical imaging lens having five lens elements which is capable to provide only 30˜35 degrees of shot angle. Current market demands express a preference for a wider shot angle. Therefore, there is needed to develop optical imaging lens which is capable to place with five lens elements therein, with a wide shot angle, while also having good optical characters.

Camera device and optical imaging lens thereof


An electronic line shaft comprising a motor drive comprising a velocity noise filter coupled to receive a feedback position signal and operable to filter the feedback position signal to generate a feedback velocity signal where the noise filter has at least one controllable filter parameter that affects filter operating characteristics and a processing unit operable to execute a wizard for configuring the motor drive, the wizard being operable to receive mechanical characteristic data associated with the motor drive that is provided as input by a wizard user via a user interface and to determine a noise parameter based on the mechanical characteristic data, wherein the at least one controllable filter parameter is adjusted as a function of the noise parameter.

The present invention relates generally to motor control and, more particularly, to a wizard for configuring a motor drive system.
This section of this document is intended to introduce various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present invention described and/or claimed below. This section provides background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present invention. It should be understood that the statements in this section of this document are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.
Rotating motors are typically controlled by a motor drive that receives a reference motor velocity signal and, based on the motor velocity signal, produces and outputs a torque signal that is applied to the motor. Adjustment of the torque signal based on changes to the reference velocity signal relative to a feedback velocity signal ensures that the motor rotates at the reference velocity.
Some applications require precise motor control across multiple, synchronized motors. For example, an electronic line shaft may be employed in a printing application to move the paper or other material over rollers and through various stages of the printing process. Typical printing processes employ multiple colors, each applied at different locations along the line. Hence, to ensure print quality, the various stages are synchronized. A lack of synchronicity between the stations results in misregistration between the colors, leading to unacceptable product that may need to be scrapped.
Previous generations of printing technology employed a mechanical line shaft mechanically linked to the various printing stations. Rotation of the line shaft by an electric motor activated rollers and other printing station tools along the line to conduct the printing process. In a mechanical line shaft system, factors such as play in the mechanical linkages, stretching of the paper web, and torsional flexing of the line shaft itself make it difficult to achieve and maintain synchronicity between the printing stations, especially during periods of acceleration and deceleration of the printing system. It has been observed that when synchronicity is not maintained, product generated includes excessive flaws and is often unacceptable for intended use. Mechanical line shafts also have reduced flexibility in addressing print changes. Hence, where changes are required, down time may be excessive.
More modern printing systems, commonly referred to shaftless printing systems or electronic line shaft systems, employ a plurality of motors and associated rollers that are electrically synchronized, as opposed to mechanically synchronized. Lack of synchronicity in an electronic line shaft results in similar problems, such as color misregistration, evident in a mechanical line shaft system.
When operating a plurality motors synchronously in an automated system, several factors exist that may cause the position of the motors to deviate from each other even though they are all operating pursuant to a single reference velocity signal. For instance, motor inertia between motors at different stations is often non-uniform and can cause one motor to drift from the other motors.
Typical motor drives for controlling motors are implemented using software executed by a central processing unit (CPU). As CPU clock rates have risen, so too has the control bandwidth available to a motor drive. However, higher control bandwidth does not necessarily equate to higher performance. To this end, as control bandwidth increases, so does the susceptibility of a motor drive to noise which can lead to operation, rattles, clunks, tendency to resonate, lack of robust performance, etc. In fact, in many cases, the noise level that results from operating a drive at a maximum bandwidth associated with high CPU clock cycles, instead of increasing control performance has been known to degrade performance appreciably. In this regard, most processes have an ideal operational bandwidth that is much lower than the high bandwidth associated with high speed CPU clock cycles. For example, an ideal operational bandwidth may be one or two orders of magnitude less than the bandwidth associated with high CPU clock cycles.
In a motor control system, control parameters may be specified that affect the performance of the system. For example, controller gain constants or filter coefficients may be varied depending on the type of system employed and the configured system bandwidths. Also, different compensation schemes, such as inertia compensation or adaption, may be selectively employed depending on the particular application. Factors, such as noise, desired accuracy, type of coupling between the motor and the load, motor inertia versus load inertia, etc. may affect the control parameter settings and compensation techniques employed.
The effective selection of control parameters (e.g., gain constants, filter coefficients, compensation techniques) typically requires time-consuming, iterative tuning by highly skilled motor control technicians. Hence, the process of configuring a motor control system is expensive, and the results may vary depending on the skills and experience of the particular individual performing the configuration.
Thus, it would be desirable to automatically configure the control parameters of a motor control system based on the particular nature of the application, obviating the need for an expensive manual tuning procedure with varied efficacy.

Wizard for configuring a motor drive system


A low-pressure turbine of a turbomachine, the turbomachine comprising a high-pressure turbine disposed upstream from the low-pressure turbine, and an exhaust casing disposed downstream from the low-pressure turbine, the low-pressure turbine comprising a rotor secured on a low-pressure trunnion, a low-pressure shaft, a first rolling bearing disposed on said low-pressure shaft and supporting a high-pressure trunnion having fastened thereon a rotor of the high-pressure turbine, a second rolling bearing disposed on said low-pressure trunnion downstream from said first rolling bearing and enabling said low-pressure trunnion to be centered relative to said exhaust casing, and a system of fluting for enabling said low-pressure trunnion to drive said low-pressure shaft, said system of fluting being disposed between said first and second rolling bearings.

The present invention relates to the general field of low-pressure turbines of aviation turbomachines. It relates more particularly to a particular way of assembling the rotor of the low-pressure turbine on the low-pressure shaft in order to facilitate assembly and disassembly.
An aviation turbomachine is typically provided with a high-pressure turbine placed at the outlet from a combustion chamber. A low-pressure turbine is disposed downstream from the high-pressure turbine in the flow direction of the gas coming from the combustion chamber. An exhaust case for the gas flow is assembled downstream from the low-pressure turbine. Thus, the gas coming from the combustion chamber passes through the high-pressure and low-pressure turbines in order to drive them in rotation, and is then exhausted via the exhaust casing.
The low-pressure turbine of the turbomachine essentially comprises a rotor (blades and disks) mounted on a low-pressure trunnion. The trunnion is assembled on a low-pressure shaft of the turbomachine via a fluting system that enables the low-pressure shaft to be driven in rotation. Similarly, the high-pressure turbine comprises a rotor (blades and disks) mounted on a high-pressure trunnion. A rolling bearing placed on the low-pressure trunnion enables the high-pressure trunnion to be supported to rotate relative to the low-pressure shaft.
FIG. 2 shows part of a prior art assembly of a low-pressure turbine rotor on the low-pressure shaft of a turbomachine. In this figure the rotor 100 of the low-pressure turbine 102 is fixed on a low-pressure trunnion 104. This low-pressure trunnion 104 extends axially firstly in an upstream direction to a rotor 106 of the high-pressure turbine 108, and secondly downstream to an exhaust casing 110 of the turbomachine. The rotor 106 of the high-pressure turbine 108 is secured to a high-pressure trunnion 112 extending axially towards the low-pressure trunnion 114.
The low-pressure turbine 102 drives a low-pressure shaft 114 in rotation via fluting 116 provided at the upstream end of the low-pressure trunnion 104. A first rolling bearing 118 is mounted at the downstream end of the low-pressure trunnion 114 in order to guarantee support and centering of the low-pressure-turbine 102 relative to the exhaust casing 110 of the turbomachine. A second rolling bearing 120 is also mounted on the low-pressure trunnion 104 in order to support the high-pressure trunnion 112 in rotation. The second bearing is disposed between the first bearing 116 and the fluting 116. In addition, a sealing gasket 122 is mounted on the low-pressure trunnion 104 between the second bearing 120 and the fluting 116. Associated with a plate 124, this gasket provides sealing between an air enclosure 126a and an oil enclosure 126b.
Such a low-pressure turbine assembly presents numerous drawbacks, in particular when disassembling the low-pressure turbine.
While a turbomachine is being disassembled (whether partially or completely), e.g. during maintenance, the various elements are typically removed through the rear of the turbomachine, i.e. in an upstream to downstream direction. Specifically, when the low-pressure turbine is to be disassembled, it is necessary in particular to begin by removing the exhaust casing. The high-pressure turbine (trunnion and rotor) is then subsequently withdrawn by being moved axially towards the downstream end of the turbomachine.
With the assembly shown in FIG. 2, once the exhaust casing 110 has been withdrawn, removing the low-pressure turbine 102 gives rise to problems. When the low-pressure turbine 104 is caused to slide axially downstream, the second bearing 120 and the sealing gasket 122 supported by the low-pressure trunnion disengage from the high-pressure trunnion 112.
Withdrawing the second rolling bearing 120 then leads to the low-pressure shaft 114 being off-center relative to the high-pressure trunnion 112 (and thus relative to the high-pressure turbine 108), such that the low-pressure shaft 114 is no longer held radially after the low-pressure turbine 102 has been removed. In addition, withdrawing the gasket 122 has the effect of breaking the seal between the air enclosure 126a and the oil enclosure 126b, such that oil spreads into the air enclosure, leading to a risk of an oil leak.


A CPU detects an instruction to activate an address book mode by detecting an operation of an address book key in an incoming call waiting state, and displays an address book data new creation screen or an existing data edition screen in a main display panel by activating an address book viewing/creation/edition program by using an ROM. When “activation of camera” is selected, an imaging unit is activated, display of a corresponding resolution is set in a monitor display area, and images are sequentially displayed. When a picked-up image is determined by detecting an operation of a determination key, image data of the displayed image is stored in an image memory, a link “1” for image display is set in a corresponding address data area in an address book data storage area, and a record number 001 in the image memory storing the image data is stored in a link information storage area in association with 001 in the address book data storage area.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus with a communication function which has a function to display an image picked up by using, e.g., a still picture pick up function together with contact information such as a telephone number, an image data storing method, and a computer program.
2. Description of the Related Art
Mobile phones have conventionally included a so-called address book function, outgoing call history display function, and incoming call history display function which display a telephone number which is dialed by the phones and a telephone number received through a caller's number display service. The address book function displays a telephone number and information concerning a person to contact specified by this telephone number, e.g., a name stored in association with this telephone number.
On the other hand, in recent years, by providing an image display function to mobile phones, there are mobile phones which display an image such as a corresponding facial portrait when displaying an address book (e.g., Japanese Patent Application KOKAI Publication No. 2001-24776, page 5, FIG. 8).
However, as described above, conventional mobile phones can store picked-up image data in, e.g., an address book, but they are hard to directly activate a camera from a data edition mode, take a picture immediately and return to the edition mode. Further, only one item of picked-up image data can be stored (linked), and hence the usability is poor. Furthermore, the number of items of data which can be stored is only one, and there is the inconvenience that images concerning a given person cannot be gathered up even though they should be gathered up. Moreover, stored data is displayed only when viewing data in, e.g., an address book, and there is no further effective exploitation, e.g., automatically determining an incoming call notifying tone based on an image or picking up a relevant image.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an imaging apparatus with a communication function which associates picked-up image data with an address book in an edition mode, an image data storing method, and a program.

Imaging apparatus with communication function, image data storing method and computer program