According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, an ATD pulse generating mechanism is provided that overcomes the limitations of the prior art by compensating for process and power supply voltage variations that would normally effect the pulse width. In particular, the delays used to create the pulse width are adjusted to compensate for the effects of process and environmental variations, thereby providing a pulse width that is relatively constant over these variations.

1. Technical Field
This invention generally relates to semiconductor devices, and more specifically relates to timing circuits in semiconductor memory systems.
2. Background Art
Many modem semiconductor devices use timing signals that require accurate pulse widths. Unfortunately, as the operating speed of modem devices increases, the required pulse width often narrows and the task of maintaining an accurate pulse width becomes more difficult. This is especially true where temperature, voltage and process variations potentially affect the signal pulse width.
Most modem memory systems use an address transistor detector (ATD) to control the memory circuits such that their evaluation efficiency is maximized. On detecting an address transition, the ATD provides an ATD signal that comprises a pulse or set of pulses. This ATD signal is used to equalize, preset and/or recover the timing critical circuits of the semiconductor memory system, resulting in faster access times. The pulse width of these ATD signals is critical. If the pulse width is too short, it can lead to incorrect data. If the pulse width is too long, the access time may be pushed out (i.e., increased).
Turning now to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a portion of a prior art ATD pulse generator 100. ATD pulse generator 100 comprises a plurality of delay elements, including delay elements 102 and 104, a plurality of logic circuits, including logic circuit 106, and an ATD sum 108. The ATD pulse generator receives a plurality of address signals ADDR(i) (e.g., ADDR(1)) and plurality of address signal complements ADDRbar(i) (e.g., ADDRbar(1)) and uses these address signals to create an ATD pulse signal. Typically, the ATD pulse generator 100 receives each address signal in the memory system. For simplicity, FIG. 1 illustrates only the ADDR(1) inputs, with the ADDR(2) to ADDR(i) inputs not shown. The address signals and address signal complements are each split and sent through an ADDR(1) delay element 102 and an ADDRbar(1) delay element 104 resulting in ADDR(1)DLY an ADDRbar(1)DLY signals. The resulting four signals are inputted to an logic circuit 106. The logic circuit 106 performs an exclusive OR operation on each set of two signals and then performs an OR operation on the results. This results in an ATD(1) signal that is outputted to ATD sum 108.
Similar elements create ATD(2) through ATD(i) and these signals are all inputted to ATD sum 108. ATD sum 108 is preferably a full CMOS or ratioed NOR device. Thus, ATD sum 108 "ORs" the ATD(i) signals, creating the final ATD signal.
Turning now to FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram of various signals in ATD pulse generator 100. The waveforms include two address signals (ADDR(1) and ADDR(2)) and their complements. Also shown are two delayed address signals (ADDR(1)DLY and ADDR(2)DLY) and their complements. Of course, in an actual ATD device, many more address signals (ADDR(3)-ADDR(i)) would be used to create the ATD signal.
ADDR(1), ADDR(1)DLY and their complements are inputted into a logic circuit 106 which outputs an ATD(1) signal. Likewise, ADDR(2), ADDR(2)DLY and their complements are inputted into a logic circuit (not shown in FIG. 1) which outputs an ATD(2) signal. As shown in FIG. 3, the ATD(i) signals have a pulse width that is a function of the delay through the various delay elements (e.g., 102, 104). These ATD(i) signals, are summed together by ATD sum 108.
Thus, the ATD pulse width is determined by the amount of delay through the delay elements. The accuracy of the pulse width is then a function of the accuracy of the delay elements.
Turning now to FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is a schematic view of delay element 200. The delay element 200 is a typical prior art delay that is used in ADDR delay 102 and ADDRbar delay 104 of FIG. 1. Delay element 200 comprises strings of inverters 202 with capacitors 204 in between. The delay through the inverters 202 determines the width of the ATD pulse. Unfortunately, the use of inverters 202 to determine the ATD pulse width has the disadvantage of creating pulse widths that can vary with process and environmental changes. Specifically, because the delay through inverters is a function of process variations, temperature and power supply voltage, the final pulse width of the ATD signal will also fluctuate with those parameters. Without the ability to control the effects of this variation, the ATD pulse width cannot be accurately provided, especially where a short ATD pulse width is required. Thus, this variation can limit the performance of the memory system.
To try and compensate for this problem, some prior art approaches for optimizing ATD pulse width includes trimming the ATD pulse width during fabrication to compensate for process variations. This solution however, does not compensate for variations in the power supply voltage and operating temperature of the memory system. Other solutions have used longer pulse widths to compensate for variations. Unfortunately, this approach comes at the expense of access time and is not an optimal solution.
Therefore, there existed a need to provide an improved mechanism for providing an accurate ATD signal having an optimized pulse width that avoids the limitations and problems of the prior art.

Temperature and power supply adjusted address transition detector

International Business Machines Corporation


A method for producing a cycloolefin and a cycloalkane, which method comprises: a step of hydrogenating a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon under an acidic condition in the presence of a catalyst composition, (i) wherein said catalyst composition is a slurry which comprises a ruthenium catalyst, water and zinc sulfate, and which is preserved, prior to being used in said hydrogenation reaction, under a high temperature and high pressure hydrogen atmosphere of from 100 to 200.degree. C. and from 1 to 100 atm for 1 hour or more, and (ii) wherein said hydrogenation reaction is conducted under a controlled pressure, while maintaining a phase separated state of: (a) an oil phase comprising, as main components, the starting materials and the products; and (b) a water phase comprising water as a main component, to thereby control a formation molar ratio of the cycloolefin and the cycloalkane to be formed.

Cycloolefins, in particular, cyclohexene compounds are valuable as intermediates of organic chemical industrial products, and are particularly useful as a starting material for polyamides and lysine.
On the other hand, cycloalkanes, in particular, cyclohexane compounds are industrially useful as an organic chemical product, particularly, as a starting material of caprolactam, adipic acid, etc. and as an organic solvent.
Various methods of producing cycloolefins are known. The most common method is a method of partially hydrogenating a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon using a ruthenium catalyst. In this method, an appreciable amount of cycloalkane, which is a completely hydrogenated product and a useful industrial starting material, is necessarily by-produced. Therefore, this method is substantially a method of producing a cycloolefin and a cycloalkane concurrently.
As a means for improving the selectivity and yield of cycloolefin, many results of examinations made for catalyst components, and kinds of carriers and metal salts as additives to reaction systems have been reported. Of these, as to the reaction system in which water and zinc coexist, which shows a relatively high molar ratio of cycloolefin formed, i.e., a relatively high selectivity of cycloolefin, the following methods are proposed for example.
(1) A method for partially reducing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with hydrogen in the presence of water and at least one kind of zinc compound under a neutral or acidic condition, using a particulate hydrogenating catalyst mainly comprising metallic ruthenium having an average crystallite size of 200 .ANG. or less (JP-B-8-25919 (the term "JP-B" as used herein means an "examined Japanese patent publication") and U.S. Pat. No. 4,734,536). PA1 (2) A method for producing a cycloolefin by partially hydrogenating a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst, in which at least one of a zinc oxide and a zinc hydroxide at an amount of not more than saturation solubility is present in the reaction system in a completely dissolved state (JP-B-5-12331). PA1 (3) A method for partially reducing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with hydrogen in the presence of water, in which a reaction is conducted using hydrogenated catalyst particles comprising metallic ruthenium having an average crystallite size of 200 .ANG. or less as a main component in the presence of at least one kind of a solid basic zinc under a neutral or acidic condition (JP-B-8-19012). PA1 (1) Among the methods of producing a cycloolefin using a ruthenium catalyst, the proposed methods for performing the reaction under alkaline conditions provide a lower formation ratio of a cycloolefin product, as compared with the methods where the reaction is performed under acidic conditions in the presence of zinc sulfate and water. Accordingly, when the formation ratio of a cycloolefin is desired to be controlled within higher ranges, the controllable range is disadvantageously narrow even if the reaction temperature and reaction pressure are changed. PA1 (2) On the other hand, with regard to the proposed methods of producing a cycloolefin under acidic conditions using zinc sulfate, water and a ruthenium catalyst, neither a specific controlling method of the formation ratio of the product nor a concept thereof has been suggested. Thus, for these methods, there has been no effective proposal for controlling the product formation ratio, which is required to be adjusted or changed in the case where the performance of the catalyst is changed or where some external disturbance happens and affects the reaction system, after starting the production. PA1 (3) The product formation ratio can be controlled by the changing the reaction temperature. However, the change of the reaction temperature is accompanied by a large load fluctuation on the facilities to remove or recover the reaction heat. Therefore, control by only changing the reaction temperature is not a preferred controlling means. PA1 (4) The product formation ratio can be controlled by varying the conversion rate of a starting material through characteristics of the reaction in the production method of a cycloolefin and a cycloalkane using a ruthenium catalyst, i.e., varying characteristics such that the higher the conversion rate of the starting material, the lower the formation ratio of cycloolefin formed, and the higher the formation ratio of cycloalkane instead. However, in this method, the concentration of the unreacted starting material contained in the product taken out from the reaction vessel fluctuates largely, and the load fluctuation in the step of separating the unreacted starting material is large. In particular, when a continuous reaction system of continuously feeding the starting material and continuously taking out the product is used, a large intermediate drum to absorb such fluctuation is required between the production facility and the subsequent separating and recovering step of the unreacted starting material, which is thus problematic and not preferred. PA1 (1) A method for producing a cycloolefin and a cycloalkane, which method comprises: PA1 a step of hydrogenating a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon under an acidic condition in the presence of a catalyst composition, PA1 (i) wherein said catalyst composition is a slurry which comprises a ruthenium catalyst, water and zinc sulfate, and which is preserved, prior to being used in said hydrogenation reaction, under a high temperature and high pressure hydrogen atmosphere of from 100 to 200.degree. C. and from 1 to 100 atm for 1 hour or more, and PA1 (ii) wherein said hydrogenation reaction is conducted under a controlled pressure, while maintaining a phase separated state of: PA1 (2) The method according to the above (1), wherein said hydrogenation reaction is conducted without changing a conversion rate of said monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. PA1 (3) The method according to the above (1) or (2), wherein the reaction temperature of said hydrogenation reaction is from 100.degree. C. to 200.degree. C. PA1 (4) The method according to the above (1), wherein said water phase has a zinc sulfate concentration of from 0.01 to 10 mol/liter. PA1 (5) The method according to any one of the above (1) to (4), wherein the weight of said water phase is from 0.001 to 100 times the weight of said monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. PA1 (6) The method according to any one of the above (1) to (5), wherein said ruthenium catalyst is a non-supported catalyst mainly comprising metallic ruthenium having an average crystallite size of 200 .ANG. or less, said metallic ruthenium being obtained by reducing a ruthenium compound. PA1 (7) The method according to the above (6), wherein said metallic ruthenium further contains a zinc compound, which is obtained by reducing a ruthenium compound containing a zinc compound, said metallic ruthenium having a zinc content of from 0.1 to 50% by weight based on the weight of ruthenium.
Further, the influence of the reaction temperature and reaction pressure on the reaction result has been extensively studied. It is already well known that when the water phase in the reaction system shows an alkaline condition or when a ruthenium chloride is directly reduced in the reaction vessel and starting material is put in the reaction vessel to undergo reaction, an increase of the reaction temperature and reaction pressure results in the increase of the yield of cycloolefin produced (J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol., 1980, 30, 677-687, etc.).
On the other hand, in the method of hydrogenating a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon using a ruthenium catalyst in the presence of water and zinc sulfate in an acidic condition with zinc sulfate being dissolved in water, the reaction pressure hardly has an influence on the initial formation ratio of the product, i.e., the product formation ratio at the starting material conversion ratio of around 0 mol % (Applied Catalysis A: General, 83 (1992) 263-295), which is knowledge generally accepted in the art and there have been no data contrary thereto. According to this thesis, the product formation ratio and the adsorbed amount of hydrogen onto the surface of the catalyst correlate to each other, and the product formation ratio does not change as long as the adsorbed amount of hydrogen does not change, even if the hydrogen pressure in the reaction vessel is changed. The thesis concludes that when the hydrogen pressure in the reaction vessel is increased, the consumption rate of the adsorbed hydrogen on the surface of the catalyst becomes fast because the conversion rate of the starting material becomes fast. As a result, the adsorbed amount of hydrogen on the surface of the catalyst hardly changes, therefore, the initial formation ratio of the product is hardly changed. As is easily presumed from the above knowledge, with a reaction system in which at least a ruthenium catalyst, zinc sulfate and water coexist, the product formation ratio cannot be controlled by changing gaseous phase hydrogen pressure in the reaction vessel, which is substantially the reaction pressure.
In the method of producing a cycloolefin by partially hydrogenating a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon using a ruthenium catalyst, cycloalkanes which are completely hydrogenated products are necessarily by-produced in addition to cycloolefins which are partially hydrogenated products, as described above. Cycloalkanes are useful industrial products which compare favorably with cycloolefins. Accordingly, upon performing this method industrially, the need to control or change the formation ratio of a cycloolefin and a cycloalkane arises in accordance with the fluctuation in demand of a cycloolefin and a cycloalkane. If the formation ratio cannot be controlled, disposition of the overproduced material or a big storage tank are required. Alternatively, production should be done with an adjusting of the scale to that of the smaller demanded material. This leads to a decrease in operation rate of the production facility.
That is, in the method of producing a cycloolefin by partially hydrogenating a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon using a ruthenium catalyst, if the formation ratio of a cycloolefin and a cycloalkane to be produced cannot be controlled, such a producing method is industrially extremely inefficient.
Furthermore, the stability of the catalyst and/or reaction system does not reach an industrially satisfactory level in conventional producing methods. Therefore, in the case where the production is continuously performed, the formation ratio of a cycloolefin and a cycloalkane can fluctuate even under almost identical reaction temperature and reaction pressure conditions, which cause a further need of adjustment.
Therefore, for industrially performing the production of a cycloolefin using ruthenium, controlling methods to adjust or change the formation ratio of the product are essential. However, there have been the following four problems in conventional methods.

Method for producing cycloolefin and cycloalkane under controlled pressure


A kink inhibiting device is provided for inhibiting kinking in a length of curved flexible tubing, and in particular IV or drip tubing. The device comprises a pair of U-shaped shell halves which are joined back-to-back at their bight portions by an integral hinge formation. The shell halves each define channels having semi-circular cross-sectional profiles, and are formed with connecting lands carrying studs and complemental apertures for allowing the shell halves to mate with one another. The shell halves each have a radius of curvature (R) which is greater than the maximum radius of curvature at which the flexible tubing starts to kink when unsupported.

This invention relates to a kink inhibiting device for inhibiting kinking in a length of curved flexible tubing.
Intravenous (IV) or drip arrangements generally comprise a raised drip bag connected by a length of IV or drip tubing to a drip cannula or needle. A U-bend is typically formed in that portion of the tubing proximate the needle for allowing the tubing to be fed back to the drip bag. Kinking tends to occur in this U-bend. This causes a reduced flow of fluid into the vein which has been targeted by the cannula. This often leads to clotting in the vein, resulting in the painful and discomforting step of having to relocate the cannula. In addition, once kinking has occurred, the entire drip arrangement needs to be replaced, which is a relatively time-consuming and expensive procedure.
It is an object of the invention to provide a device which inhibits or at least reduces kinking in a drip or IV tube, and which can be fitted to the drip tube when the drip is in situ.


An ink-jet printhead includes an ink chamber to be filled with ink to be ejected, a manifold, which supplies ink to the ink chamber, an ink channel, which provides communication between the ink chamber and the manifold, a nozzle through which ink is ejected from the ink chamber, first and second heaters, which heat ink in the ink chamber to generate bubbles, and a conductor, which is electrically connected to the first and second heaters and applies a current to the first and second heaters, wherein the first and second heaters are positioned symmetrically around a center of the nozzle, and one of the first and second heaters is positioned adjacent to the ink channel.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an ink-jet printhead. More particularly, the present invention relates to an ink-jet printhead having an improved structure in which a placement of heaters improves performance and life span of the printhead.
2. Description of the Related Art
Typically, ink-jet printheads are devices for printing a predetermined image, color or black, by ejecting a small volume droplet of printing ink at a desired position on a recording sheet. Ink-jet printheads are largely categorized into two types depending on which ink droplet ejection mechanism is used. A first type is a thermally driven ink-jet printhead in which a heat source is employed to form and expand bubbles in ink causing ink droplets to be ejected. A second type is a piezoelectrically driven ink-jet printhead in which a piezoelectric material deforms to exert pressure on ink causing ink droplets to be ejected.
Hereinafter, the ink ejection mechanism in the thermally driven ink-jet printhead will be described in greater detail. When a pulse current flows through a heater formed of a resistance heating material, the heater generates heat and ink adjacent to the heater is instantaneously heated to about 300° C., thereby boiling the ink. The boiling of the ink causes bubbles to be generated, expand, and apply pressure to an interior of an ink chamber filled with ink. As a result, ink near a nozzle is ejected from the ink chamber in droplet form through the nozzle.
The thermal driving method includes a top-shooting method, a side-shooting method, and a back-shooting method depending on a growth direction of bubbles and an ejection direction of ink droplets.
The top-shooting method is a method in which the growth direction of bubbles is the same as the ejection direction of ink droplets. The side-shooting method is a method in which the growth direction of bubbles is perpendicular to the ejection direction of ink droplets. The back-shooting method is a method in which the growth direction of bubbles is opposite to the ejection direction of ink droplets.
The ink-jet printheads using the thermal driving method should satisfy the following requirements. First, manufacturing of the ink-jet printheads should be simple, costs should be low, and should permit mass production thereof. Second, in order to obtain a high-quality image, crosstalk between adjacent nozzles should be suppressed while a distance between adjacent nozzles should be narrow; that is, in order to increase dots per inch (DPI), a plurality of nozzles should be densely positioned. Third, in order to perform a high-speed printing operation, a period in which the ink chamber is refilled with ink after ink has been ejected from the ink chamber should be as short as possible and the cooling of heated ink and heater should be performed quickly to increase a driving frequency.
FIG. 1 illustrates a partial cutaway perspective view schematically showing a structure of a conventional ink-jet printhead using a top-shooting method. FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a vertical structure of the ink-jet printhead of FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 1, the conventional ink-jet printhead includes a base plate 10 formed by a plurality of material layers stacked on a substrate, a barrier wall 20 that is formed on the base plate 10 and defines an ink chamber 22, and a nozzle plate 30 stacked on the barrier wall 20. Ink is filled in the ink chamber 22, and a heater (13 of FIG. 2), which heats ink and generates bubbles, is installed under the ink chamber 22. An ink passage 24 is a path through which ink is supplied to an interior of the ink chamber 22. The ink passage 24 is in communication with an ink reservoir (not shown). Each of a plurality of nozzles 32, through which ink is ejected, is formed in a position corresponding to each ink chamber 22.
The vertical structure of the ink-jet printhead described above will be described in connection with FIG. 2.
An insulating layer 12 for providing insulation between a heater 13 and a substrate 11 is formed on the substrate 11, which is formed of silicon. The heater 13, which heats ink in the ink chamber 22 and generates bubbles, is formed on the insulating layer 12. The heater 13 is formed by depositing tantalum nitride (TaN) or tantalum-aluminum (TaAl) on the insulating layer 12 in a thin film shape. A conductor 14 for applying a current to the heater 13 is formed on the heater 13. The conductor 14 is made of a metallic material having good conductivity, such as aluminum (Al) or an aluminum (Al) alloy.
A passivation layer 15 for passivating the heater 13 and the conductor 14 is formed on the heater 13 and the conductor 14. The passivation layer 15 prevents the heater 13 and the conductor 14 from oxidizing or directly contacting ink and is formed by depositing silicon nitride. In addition, an anti-cavitation layer 16, on which the ink chamber 22 is to be formed, is formed on the passivation layer 15.
The barrier wall 20 for forming the ink chamber 22 is stacked on the base plate 10, which is formed of a plurality of material layers stacked on the substrate 11. The nozzle plate 30, in which the nozzles 32 are formed, is stacked on the barrier wall 20.
In the ink-jet printhead having the above structure, the anti-cavitation layer 16, which is formed on the passivation layer 15, prevents damage to the heater 13 due to a cavitation pressure generated during bubble collapse. However, formation of the above-described anti-cavitation layer 16 on the passivation layer 15 presents complications to the manufacture and operation of the ink-jet printhead. Specifically, such an arrangement increases the number of printhead manufacturing processes and prevents heat generated by the heater 13 from being sufficiently transferred to ink.
In order to increase the life span of a heater, an ink passage has been formed with an asymmetric structure so that cavitation occurs in another location other than the location of the heater or cavitation is distributed over a wider area to reduce a pressure thereof.
FIG. 3 illustrates a plan view of a structure of a conventional ink-jet printhead. Referring to FIG. 3, the ink-jet printhead has an asymmetric structure in which a heater 50 and a nozzle 52 are positioned off-center with respect to an ink chamber 54. An ink passage 56 supplies ink to an interior of the ink chamber 54.
The above structure causes a variation in a flow of ink to the ink chamber 54. As a result, damage to the heater 50 caused by bubble collapse is decreased.
However, in the ink-jet printhead having the above asymmetric structure, the linearity of ink droplets ejected through the nozzle 52 is lowered, and the flow of fluid disturbing an ink refill operation occurs. As such, a driving frequency of a printhead is reduced.


Systems and methods for treating a component of an installed and assembled gas turbine engine are provided. Accordingly, the method includes operably coupling a delivery assembly to an annular inlet of a core gas turbine engine. A portion of treating fluid is atomized with the delivery assembly to develop a treating mist having a plurality of atomized droplets. The atomized droplets are suspended within any path of the core gas turbine engine from the annular inlet to an axial position downstream of a compressor of the core gas turbine engine. A portion of the treating mist is impacted or precipitated onto the component so as to wet the component, and a portion of the deposits on the component is dissolved by the treating mist.

A typical aircraft-mounted gas turbine engine includes gas turbine engine components having very fine cooling passages that allow for higher gas temperatures in the combustor and/or the high-pressure or low-pressure turbines. During operation, particularly in environments that contain fine-scale dust, environmental particulate accumulates on engine components and within the cooling passages of the engine. For example, dust (reacted or non-reacted), sand, or similar, can build up on the flow path components and on the component, internal, impingement cooled surfaces during turbine engine operation. In addition, particulate matter entrained in the air that enters the turbine engine and the cooling passages can contain sulfur-containing species that can corrode the components. Such deposits can lead to reduced cooling effectiveness of the components and/or corrosive reaction with the metals and/or coatings of the engine components. Thus, deposits can lead to premature distress, reduced engine life, and/or increased repair/maintenance costs (e.g cost to restore components during an engine overhaul. Additionally, accumulations of environmental contaminants (e.g. dust-reacted and unreacted, sand, etc.) can degrade aerodynamic performance of the high-pressure components and lower fuel efficiency of the engine through changes in airfoil morphology and/or affect coatings applied to the engine components. As such, it may be desirable from time to time to treat the components of the assembled gas turbine engine on-wing. For example, treating the blades and vanes of the compressor may improve the efficiency of compression and result in a lower fuel consumption and/or lower exit temperature for the compressor. These, in turn, may result in a lower operating temperature of the hot section of the engine, which may increase the operating life of the various components.
Accordingly, an improved method to treat gas turbine engine components would be useful.

System and method for treating an installed and assembled gas turbine engine


Flow control over a hydraulic pump and flow dividing control of a plurality of directional control valves associated with actuators can stably be exercised even in a case in which differential pressures across the directional control valves are quite low, an abrupt change in a flow rate of the hydraulic fluid supplied to each actuator is prevented and excellent combined operability is realized even in an abrupt change in a demanded flow rate at a time of transition from a combined operation to a sole operation, and realizing excellent combined operability, and a meter-in loss in each directional control valve is reduced to realize high energy efficiency. Demanded flow rates of the directional control valves are calculated from input amounts of operation levers, openings of flow control valves are controlled using the demanded flow rates, a meter-in pressure loss of a predetermined directional control valve is calculated from the demanded flow rates and meter-in opening areas of the directional control valves, and a set pressure of an unloading valve is controlled using a value of the meter-in pressure loss.

As a hydraulic control system provided in a construction machine such as a hydraulic excavator, a hydraulic control system based on load sensing control to control a capacity of a variable displacement hydraulic pump in such a manner that a differential pressure between a delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump and a highest load pressure of a plurality of actuators is kept at a certain set value determined in advance, as described in, for example, Patent Document 1, is widely used.
Patent Document 2 describes a hydraulic drive system configured with a variable displacement hydraulic pump, a plurality of actuators, a plurality of throttle orifices controlling a flow rate of a hydraulic fluid supplied from the hydraulic pump to the plurality of actuators, a plurality of pressure compensating valves provided either upstream or downstream of the plurality of throttle orifices, a controller that controls a delivery flow rate of the hydraulic fluid delivered from the hydraulic pump in response to a lever input to an operation lever device and that regulates the plurality of throttle orifices in response to the lever input, and a plurality of pressure sensors that detect load pressures of the plurality of actuators, and configured such that the controller exercises control to fully open the throttle orifice associated with the actuator having a highest load pressure on the basis of pressures detected by the pressure sensors.
Patent Document 3 proposes a drive system configured with a variable displacement hydraulic pump, a plurality of actuators, a plurality of regulating valves each having a throttle function at an intermediate position and supplying a hydraulic fluid delivered from the hydraulic pump to one of the plurality of actuators, an unloading valve provided in a hydraulic fluid supply line of the hydraulic pump, a controller controlling a delivery flow rate of a hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic pump in response to a lever input to an operation lever device, and a pressure sensor detecting a delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump and a load pressure of at least one actuator, and configured such that the controller controls an opening of the regulating valve having the throttle function at the intermediate position in response to a differential pressure between the delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump and the load pressure of the actuator that are detected by the pressure sensor. In this drive system, a set pressure of the unloading valve is set by the highest load pressure of the actuators introduced in a direction of closing the unloading valve and a spring provided in the same direction, and the delivery pressure of the hydraulic pump is controlled not to exceed a value obtained by adding a spring force to the highest load pressure.

Hitachi Construction Machinery Tierra Co., Ltd


A cross-laminated timber processing equipment comprises a longitudinal board loading mechanism, a transverse board loading mechanism, an adhesive spraying mechanism, laying cars, presses, a transfer car, and an unloading car. The longitudinal board loading mechanism lays longitudinal boards on a laying car at an assembly station, and the transverse board loading mechanism lays transverse boards on the laying car. The longitudinal boards and the transverse boards are perpendicularly and alternately laid layer by layer. The adhesive spraying mechanism is provided above the assembly station, and sprays an adhesive on the upper surfaces of assembled boards. The transfer car moves back and forth between a conveying station and an idle press through the assembly station, carries the laying cars and the assembled boards, and feeds the laying cars and the assembled boards into the presses for compaction. The unloading car moves back and forth between a press completing compaction and an unloading station, and conveys an idle laying car to the assembly station. Compared with other international similar equipment, this equipment can implement fully-automatic cross-laminated timber processing and production, and has low apparatus cost, high production capacity, high processing efficiency, and a great leading advantage.

With the release of the National New Urbanisation Plan (2014-2020) of China and the Provincial Action Plan on Green Building of Jiangsu, in the rapid urbanization process, China is expected to build 30 billion cubic meters of new houses by 2025, and a total of 6.66 billion tons of concrete, 120 million tons of steel, and 600 billion bricks need to be produced, causing great damage to the environment and ecology, and moreover, the demolition of old houses will produce lots of solid wastes. The superiority of timberwork buildings is self-evident, in line with the national energy conservation and environmental protection and social sustainable development. If the proportion of timbers used as building materials is increased to 10% in China, 326 million tons of standard coal or 472 million barrels of crude oil can be saved. This is an effective way to achieve green environmental protection and reduce energy consumption, which can greatly reduce carbon emissions and smog.
A cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a new material for wooden buildings, and is formed by cross-laminating sawn timbers of 6-9-12 meters and saw timbers having cross sections of 6-10 inches, i.e., about 18 centimeters wide and 1-1.5 inches, i.e., about 2.5-4 centimeters thick, into a large board of 2.5-3 meters wide, 12-30 centimeters thick, and 6-12 meters long. The CLT has good carrying capability, high sheet size stability, and excellent shock resistance, sound insulation and thermal insulation effects, is low-carbon and environmentally-friendly, can be used for replacing concrete materials to build houses, and can be modularly prefabricated in the factory. A large CLT is directly cut and then used as an external wall, a floor, etc. of a building. By using an on-site building block assembling method, the assembly is quick, the construction period is short, the site noise is low, no pollution is generated, no construction waste is produced, the construction efficiency of the project is greatly improved, and the labor cost is reduced.
However, because CLTs have just emerged at home and abroad, equipment for processing CLTs is still blank in China, and it is also impossible to achieve fully automated production abroad. Due to the limitations of the characteristics of the structural adhesive used, the open time is short, the assembly is very difficult, and the bonding and curing time is long, and therefore, the annual processing capability of the equipment is very low. The annual processing capacity of a piece of equipment can only reach 8000 cubic meters and cannot meet market demands.

Cross-laminated timber processing equipment


A method and system for translating a non-native bytecode to a set of codes native to a processor within a computer system is disclosed. In accordance with the method and system of the present invention, a computer system capable of translating non-native instructions to a set of native instructions is provided that comprises a system memory, a processor, and an instruction set convertor. The system memory is utilized to store non-native instructions and groups of unrelated native instructions. The processor is only capable of processing native instructions. The instruction set convertor, coupled between the system memory and the processor, includes a semantics table and an information table. In response to an instruction fetch from the processor for a non-native instruction in the system memory, the instruction set convertor translates the non-native instruction to a set of native instructions for the processor by accessing both the semantics table and the information table.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a method and system for data processing in general and, in particular, to a method and system for processing non-native instructions within a computer system. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to an improved method and system for translating non-native instructions to instructions native to a processor within a computer system.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The World Wide Web, or as it is simply known, the "Web," has dramatically changed the online world and continues to grow in popularity. As a communications system, the Web allows information providers to distribute and collect information globally arid instantly. For users, the Web is a dynamic view into the works and ideas of millions of people worldwide. Through a system of hypertext, users of the Web are able to select and view information from all over the Web. While the hypertext system gives Web users a high degree of selectivity over the information they choose to view, their level of interactivity with that information is low. Even with improvements such as hypermedia, which opens up many new kinds of sensory input for the Web users, including access to graphics and videos, the Web itself still lacks a true interactivity-- the kind of real-time, dynamic, and visual interaction between Web users and applications.
Java.sup.1 brings this missing interactivity to the Web. With Java, animations and interactive applications on the Web become feasible. Java's features enrich communication, information, and interaction on the Web by enabling the distribution of executable content--rather than just Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) pages and hypermedia files--among Web users. This ability to distribute executable content is one of the powerful features of Java. FNT .sup.1 Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, and is also the name of a programming language developed by Sun Microsystems.
In order to view and interact with the animation and the interactive applications on the Web, a Web user must have a computer installed with a Java-enabled Web browser. Even so, because Java has an instruction set that is different from the instruction set of most, if not all, processors utilized within a Web user's personal computer, Java instructions typically cannot be executed in theirs original bytecode form. Hence, some form of translation from the Java instruction set to an instruction set associated with the processor within the personal computer is required. Conventionally, an instruction set associated with a particular processor is called a "native" instruction set to that computer, while an instruction set that is not specifically developed for that particular processor is called a "non-native" instruction set to that particular computer. In this case, Java would be a non-native instruction set with respective to the Web user's computer.
There are two commonly used methods to execute a non-native instruction set within a computer. The first method is to utilize a software interpreter. This method is very easy to implement, but it has poor performance due to the large amount of overhead that the software interpreter requires for the execution of each non-native instruction. The second method is to compile the program that is in non-native instructions to a set of native instructions. However, this method requires a large amount of memory for storing the compiler as well as the output of the compiler. Furthermore, if the application is not available until it is invoked, the initial compilation time may add a significant delay before the execution even begins. Hence, both of these methods inevitably result in performance degradation.
A better method would require a hardware element that translates non-native instructions to native instructions in "real time." The term "real time" in this case means that the native instructions are generated from the non-native instructions as soon as the processor within the computer attempts to perform an instruction fetch from a system memory. The present disclosure describes such a hardware element for efficiently performing the translation of non-native Java instructions to instructions that are native to the processor within the computer.

Method and system for translating a non-native bytecode to a set of codes native to a processor within a computer system


It is an object of the present invention to provide an optical recording medium that is suitable for recording information therein at a high velocity. An optical recording medium according to the present invention includes a recording layer formed of a phase change material and capable of recording data therein at a linear recording velocity equal to or higher than 10 m/sec, wherein Rtop satisfies the condition that it is larger than {11−(V/5)} and smaller than {22−(2V/5)}, where Rtop (%) is a reflectivity of the crystal phase change material forming the recording layer and V (m/sec) is a target linear recording velocity. According to the present invention, since modulation (MOD) of 50% or more can be ensured, it is possible to effectively suppress the degradation of jitter caused by recording data at a high linear recording velocity equal to or higher than 10 m/sec.

The present invention relates to an optical recording medium and particularly to an optical recording medium that is suited to record information therein at a high velocity. In addition, the present invention relates to a method of recording information to an optical recording medium that can record information therein at high data transfer rates.

Optical recording medium and method of recording information to optical recording medium


Luggage with improved apparatus for holding goods or auxiliary articles to a main piece of luggage. An auxiliary hook for carrying a separate piece, such as a briefcase, is removably attachable to a stud protruding outwardly from the luggage. The hook has a first opening to receive an enlargement at the outer end of the stud and a second opening to receive the relatively smaller post of the stud. The two openings are interconnected by a throat having resilient members permitting forceable movement of the stud from the larger opening to the smaller opening, whereat the stud retains the hook in place. In another embodiment, an auxiliary bag equipped with a strap extending to the hook, so that the auxiliary bag is selectively attachable to the outside of the luggage.

Luggage designed with sufficient portability to accompany the traveler wherever he or she goes is known in the art. Typical examples of portable luggage are garment bags and duffels intended to be stowed in the overhead bins of aircraft or, for smaller articles of luggage, to fit beneath the seat in front of the air traveler. The limited sizes of locations for stowing carry-on luggage mean that the luggage must fit within those spaces or, in the alternative, must be capable of folding to a minimum size appropriate for stowage. Such foldable luggage typical comes equipped with straps along its sides or ends, for securing the luggage in its folded configuration. These straps or similar securement members are unbuckled or unsnapped to permit unfolding or expanding the luggage to its full position, for example, allowing a garment bag to hang upright so that its contents become readily accessible.
Garment bags and other portable luggage have relied on various arrangements of buckles or snap fasteners to permit engagement and disengagement of straps or other members used for securing the luggage in a folded or more compact position for stowage or transport. The conventional buckle is relatively awkward to manipulate to an open or closed position, and the buckle components may protrude sufficient from some baggage to become damaged by baggage-handling machinery. The conventional snap fastener may permit a more compact arrangement of fastening strap and securement, but such snap fasteners are kept closed only by the friction force of the button-socket snap arrangement. If the snap fastener is designed with sufficient friction force to avoid becoming unsnapped during baggage handling or conveying, straps secured with such snap fasteners may be relatively difficult for the traveler to disconnect when desired.
Some portable luggage is equipped with wheels and a handle so that the traveler can easily bring the luggage without supporting its entire weight. One example of such luggage is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,995,478. In many situations, however, the traveler also carries separate bags such as a briefcase or equipment case, or a smaller auxiliary bag for stowing last-minute articles or objects that won't fit within the primary piece of luggage. These auxiliary articles or stowage bags often are propped onto the wheeled luggage or lashed in place by an arrangement of hooks and bungee cords, allowing the traveler to move in aggregation of portable luggage between the airplane, the air terminal, and ground transportation. However, once the traveler arrives at the aircraft, it may become necessary to detach these auxiliary articles as well as any separate hooks or attachments used to temporarily secure the articles to the primary piece of luggage. Once again, conventional securement or attachment devices such as button snaps can prove awkward or time-consuming for the traveler to disconnect, particularly in the crowded environment of an aircraft cabin during boarding.


Disclosed is a multiple-beam transmitting system for use in a wireless telecommunication system, including a radio transmitter assembly, which can be situated at the bottom of a base station tower, and a transmitter subassembly that can be situated atop the base station tower. The radio transmitter assembly is operative to modulate and frequency translate a plurality of input information-bearing signals. The signals are then combined to form a first FDM signal, which can then be routed to the transmitter subassembly via a single FDM cable running up the tower. The transmitter subassembly includes a power splitter for splitting the first FDM signal into a plurality of second FDM signals and a plurality of frequency translators, each for frequency translating one of the second FDM signals. Each frequency translator thereby places at least one of the information-bearing signals within a predetermined translated frequency band. A multiple-beam-antenna radiates a plurality of antenna beams, with each antenna beam transmitting at least one of the information-bearing signals placed by an associated frequency translator within the translated frequency band. A multiple beam receiving system can be employed to receive incoming signals from wireless terminals.

Wireless telecommunication base stations in the prior art typically employ one or more broad beam antennas to transmit and receive information-bearing signals to wireless terminals, e.g., cellular telephones, within a given radius of the base station. With this approach, each broad beam in azimuth can typically be used as the conduit for communications with a mobile wireless terminal traveling over a wide angular sector in relation to the base station.
One shortcoming of broad beam systems is short communication range. In general, the distance from which wireless terminals can communicate with the base station is proportional to the base station antenna gain, and inversely proportional to the solid angle beamwidth, for a given transmitter power level. More specifically, the nth power of this distance is directly proportional to the base station antenna gain, where n is typically between three and four. Short communication range can pose severe cost constraints for practical systems, especially in rural areas, since a large number of base stations would be needed to cover a correspondingly large geographical area.
Another drawback of broad beam systems is inefficient use of transmitter power. For example, in frequency-division-multiple-access (FDMA) systems, a narrow frequency channel, e.g., 30 kHz wide, is dedicated to each communication session with a wireless terminal. Typically, each broad beam transmits a frequency division multiplexed (FDM) signal carrying information-bearing signals of many communication channels to associated wireless terminals. Since each wireless terminal is located in only one angular direction at a time, and signal power intended for that wireless terminal is transmitted over a broad angular sector, power is wasted. In addition, the likelihood of interference from other communication sessions can be high, inasmuch as each wireless terminal must filter out many undesired signals in order to communicate. Interference oftentimes results when such filtering is less than perfect. The base station receiver is faced with an analogous problem.
One solution to the above-noted limitations of broad beam systems is disclosed in commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/506286 entitled "Power Shared Linear Amplifier Network". Therein, multi-beam communication systems are disclosed, each of which utilize a power-shared amplifier network comprising a pair of power sharing networks, such as Butler Matrices, and a plurality of amplifiers coupled therebetween. The power sharing aspect of the system provides advantages over compartmentalized narrow beam systems that use a power amplifier dedicated to each beam. That is, each amplifier in the power shared amplifier network amplifies power of all the information-bearing signals to be transmitted, thereby improving system reliability and enhancing communication traffic-handling capability on a statistical basis. Multiple, high gain beams can be formed either by a separate antenna dedicated for each beam, or by several multi-beam antennas. The disclosed systems, however, typically utilize switching networks to switch modulated signals to the appropriate antenna beam for transmission and reception. For systems with a large number of users, such switching networks can be become complex and costly. Additionally, if the base station radios used for modulating the information-bearing signals are located at the bottom of a base station tower, and the antennas are at the top of the tower, as is typical, the cabling requirements to connect the radios to the antennas can become burdensome.

Multiple beam wireless telecommunication system


A fuse box and fuse holder assembly includes a fuse box, at least one pair of fuse holders mounted inside the fuse box for holding fuse means, the fuse box including a bottom shell and a top cover shell covered on the bottom shell, the bottom shell having at least one pair of shields which receive the at least one pair of fuse holders respectively, a plurality of bottom through holes respectively disposed inside the shields, a plurality of screws respectively mounted in the bottom through holes to secure the fuse holders inside the shields, pairs of locating plates respectively extended from the shields at two opposite sides for supporting the fuse holders in place, and a plurality of retaining holes symmetrically disposed at two opposite sides thereof, the top cover shell having a plurality of downwardly extended hooks respectively hooked in the retaining holes at the bottom shell, the shields each having a tool hole corresponding to the wire clamp of the respective fuse holder, the fuse holders each having a fuse clamp at one end for holding a part of a fuse means, a wire clamp at an opposite end for holding conductors of an electric wire, and a connecting strip connected between the fuse clamp and the wire clamp.

The present invention relates to a fuse box and fuse holder arrangement, and more particularly to such a fuse box and fuse holder arrangement which can be quickly installed to hold the electric wire and the fuse firmly in an electrically connected position.
FIG. 9 shows a fuse mounting arrangement according to the prior art. According to this arrangement, pairs of metal blocks 7 are mounted on a shell to hold a respective electric wire 8, and two fuse clamps 71 are mounted on the shell and respectively connected to the metal blocks 7 to hold the blades of a plug type fuse 5. The metal blocks 7 each have a horizontal wire hole 72, which receives the conductors 81 of one electric wire 8, a vertical screw hole 73 perpendicularly extended from the horizontal wire hole 72, and a screw rod 74 threaded into the vertical screw hole 73 to hold down the conductors 81 of the corresponding electric wire 8. The metal blocks 7 and the fuse clamps 71 are made of different metal materials, and welded together. A high impedance tends to be produced at the connection between the metal blocks 7 and the fuse clamps 71. Furthermore, the conductors 81 of the electric wires 8 may be damaged by the screw rods 74 when the screw rods 74 are fastened tight. FIG. 10 shows another fuse mounting arrangement according to the prior art. According to this arrangement, pairs of fuse clamps 9 are mounted on a flat plate 94, and a cartridge fuse 95 is installed in each pair of fuse clamps 9. Each fuse clamp 9 comprises two clamping arms 91 clamped on one end of the corresponding cartridge fuse 95, an extension strip 92, and a wire hole 921 at the end of the extension strip 92. When the conductors 961 of an electric wire 96 are inserted through the wire hole 921 at the end of the extension strip 92, the conductors 961 are fixedly fastened to the extension strip 92 by tin soldering. Because the conductors 961 of the electric wires 96 are respectively fastened to the extension strips 92 of the fuse clamps 9 by tin soldering, the installation procedure of this arrangement is complicated.


A three-dimensional coaster apparatus for use with a vessel or container, wherein the coaster apparatus includes a substantially square base, and a substantially circular element container within the square base, wherein a plurality of side flaps extend outwardly from the square base and are hingedly attached at a point tangential to the square base.

1. Field of the Invention
The instant invention relates generally to a combination holder and coaster apparatus, and more particularly to a three-dimensional coaster apparatus that provides for vertical advertising space once assembled during use with the bottom portion of a vessel such as a cup, can, glass, or bottle which contain liquids.
2. Description of the Related Art
Before the advent of the cheap coater, saucers were commonly used to hold containers of liquid to protect against condensation damage, spills, and heat. Saucers were small plates made of various hard non-absorbent materials that were expensive, non-disposable, and cumbersome.
The first known production of a drink coaster was in the late 19th century. The construction of a coaster has not changed much since its invention in the late 19th century. It is still constructed out of the same materials, but plastics and other synthetic materials are now used as well. The shape has remained relatively constant, as coasters are often square, rectangular, or circular.
The advantages of using a coaster are clear. The coaster prevents a vessel from slipping, causing water or heat damage to a surface, can absorb spills, and help stabilize a vessel. Many products that exist are drink sleeves that wrap around the beverage vessel. While these prevent damage to surfaces from condensation and heat, they are often too bulky and cumbersome to use effectively in a social setting, and they do not allow the user to see the contents of the beverage. Additionally, the sleeve style coasters can absorb liquids on the sides resulting in an easily ripped or otherwise damaged area where the vessel is grasped, making the possibility of slippage or spilling greater.


This application discloses a method for manufacturing a display panel, a display panel, and a display device. The display panel has a display area and a peripheral area. The display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a plurality of pixel elements, a plurality of data lines and scanning lines, and a plurality of color filters. The first substrate includes a first shading layer, the first shading layer being formed between two neighboring pixel elements to block the data lines or the scanning lines. The display area includes an opening area and a non-opening area, and the first shading layer is arranged only in the non-opening area. The second substrate includes a second shading layer arranged corresponding to the first shading layer. Each of the data lines and the scanning lines is blocked by at least one of the first shading layer and the second shading layer.

It should be understood that descriptions herein merely provide background information related to this application, and do not necessarily constitute the prior art.
With the development and advancement of science and technologies, owing to hot spots such as thin body, power saving, and low radiation, displays become mainstream products of displays and are widely applied. A flat panel display includes a thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, and the like. The TFT-LCD controls rotating directions of liquid crystal molecules, to enable light in a backlight source to be refracted out to generate a picture, and the TFT-LCD has various advantages such as thin body, power saving, and no radiation.
A display panel of a display includes an may substrate and a color filter substrate. In the process manufacturing the display panel, a cell-assembly error is likely introduced in a process of cell-assembling the array substrate and the color filter substrate, leading to light leakage.

Method for manufacturing display panel, display panel, and display device


A media player appliance including a controller configured to receive an indication from a remote control device that designates a selected application to automatically start when the media player appliance is starting up, update a configuration file to designate the selected application for automatic start, and automatically start an application designated in the configuration file when the media player appliance is starting up.

In a conventional media player appliance, various applications are displayed on a display screen. Given the boom in digital video, music, and other content a large number of applications may be displayed. However, the user may only use a limited number of applications most of the time. This may be problematic if there are a large number of applications. In such a case, the user may be unable to easily locate and start a desired application.

Automatic start of an application at start up for a media player appliance


Disclosed is a pyrazolonaphthyridine compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, aralkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl, R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, lower alkyl, thienyl, substituted or unsubsutituted aryl, hydroxy or amino, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.. The compound possesses antiinflammatory effect, immunosuppressive effect, broncho-dilatory effect and hair growth-stimulative effect.

The present invention relates to novel 5-phenylpyrazolo naphthyridin -4-one derivatives having antiinflammatory effect, immunosuppressive effect, broncho-dilatory effect and hair growth-stimulative effect.
The compounds represented by formula (A) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.6 is methyl, R.sup.8 is phenyl and R.sup.7 is 4-chloro, 3-chloro, 3-bromo or hydrogen, and the compounds represented by formula (A) wherein R.sup.6 is methyl or benzyl, R.sup.8 is methyl and R.sup.7 is hydrogen, are disclosed [Farmaco. Ed. Sci., 42, 671, (1987)].


The invention provides a packaging assembly including a rear panel which has a rear central portion with a rear surface and a rear skirt, and a rear peripheral flange linearly displaced from the central portion by the rear skirt. Also provided is a front panel including a front central portion with a front surface and a front skirt, and a front peripheral flange linearly displaced from the central portion by the front skirt, and the front panel is configured for nesting with the rear panel. A pocket is defined when the front and rear panels are placed in nesting engagement with each other, wherein linear displacement between the front central portion and the front peripheral flange is greater than linear displacement between the rear central portion and the rear peripheral flange. A blister on the front panel is dimensioned for receiving a product and a pocket insert is sized and configured for insertion into the pocket for confining the product within the blister.

The present invention relates to anti-pilferage packaging of merchandise sold in retail and discount stores. More particularly, the present invention relates to thermoformed packaging for relatively small merchandise and an accompanying information/advertising insert.
It is common to use thermoformed blister packaging for small merchandise. A blister is adhered to a backing substrate, typically a card or another thermoformed panel, with the merchandise enclosed between the blister and the backing substrate. The backing substrate is capable of containing instructional or advertising text, pictures, and pricing codes, while the typically transparent blister containing the merchandise is affixed to the surface of the backing substrate. This is a desirable form of packaging because, despite being packaged, customers are still able to view the product through the plastic. Also, small merchandise packaging needs to remain small enough in size to maximize use of limited shelf space, yet large enough to remain visibly appealing to customers. The larger size also prevents theft to the degree the item cannot be easily concealed and removed from the store. However, this conventional blister packaging has been susceptible to thievery, in that the blister is easily removed from the substrate and the merchandise contained therein easily pocketed. Further, pictures and text were restricted to both the size and the shape of the backing substrate.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,854,450 discloses a conventional blister package having a backing substrate containing printed text, and a transparent blister which adheres to the substrate and is shaped to receive a similarly shaped product. There is no provision for an insert to be included within the blister package, nor does the reference provide a solution to the easily removable blister which has been susceptible to thievery of goods marketed in blister packages. Therefore, this reference is subject to all of the. limitations and shortcomings of the conventional art.
It is also known in the art to use two transparent panels which nest to form a so-called clamshell container. One or both of the transparent panels are provided with a blister for containing merchandise. U.S. Pat. No. 4,804,984 discloses such a package, and further provides for a display card to be sandwiched between the two transparent panels. However, the reference is directed to packaging molded to receive a camera only. Moreover, the display card contained within the packaging must accommodate the shape of the camera in order to be sandwiched between the panels. Also, as mentioned above, pictures and text are restricted to the size and shape of the display card, and the arrangement of the pictures and text are further restricted by the cut-out camera silhouette.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,699,913 also discloses a packaging assembly which includes an insert sandwiched between two transparent panels. However, this reference does not disclose incorporating the insert as a functional feature of the packaging, nor does it even disclose packaging both the product and the insert between the same two panels. Instead, the insert is intended for informational purposes only, and the insert is not accounted for when the panels are configured. Thus, this packaging assembly cannot easily accommodate larger or irregularly shaped inserts.
Another drawback of conventional blister packaging is that any insert packaged with the product is restricted in size and configuration, because the shape and size of the insert should not interfere with the compact size and shape of the blister package. Further, the insert should not infringe upon the space allowed for the item to be encased within the packaging.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an improved blister package which incorporates the insert as a functional component of the packaging without increasing the size of the packaging.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved blister package which is configured to have a pocket of a predetermined size in which an insert can be placed.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved blister package capable of enclosing an insert which facilitates retention of the product within the blister.
An additional object of the present invention is to provide an improved blister package wherein the size and shape of the insert is independent of the size and shape of the product to be packaged.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an improved blister package which deters theft of the packaged product by causing the blister package to be difficult to open.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved blister package having an anti-theft sensor contained within the insert.
The above-listed objects are met or exceeded by the present packaging assembly, featuring an insert which fits into a pocket configured and arranged to receive the insert, where the insert facilitates retention of the product within the blister. The present packaging assembly contains front and rear panels which mate in a nesting engagement. The front and rear panels are configured so that a pocket of a predetermined size and configuration is created when the panels nest. This pocket is dimensioned to contain or enclose a corresponding insert of similar size and configuration, which supports and confines the product within the blister, and preferably conceals an anti-theft sensor.
More specifically, the present invention provides a packaging assembly including a rear panel which includes a rear central portion with a rear surface and a rear skirt, and a rear peripheral flange linearly displaced from the central portion by the rear skirt. It also provides for a front panel which includes a front central portion with a front surface and a front skirt, and a front peripheral flange linearly displaced from the central portion by the front skirt. The front panel is configured for nesting with the rear panel. In addition, a pocket is defined when the front and rear panels are placed in nesting engagement with each other, wherein the linear displacement between the front central portion and the front peripheral flange is greater than the linear displacement between the rear central portion and the rear peripheral flange. A blister on the front panel is dimensioned for receiving a product, and an insert is sized and configured for insertion into the pocket for confining the product within the blister.


A likelihood calculation unit calculates, from information obtained by each of movement detection methods including a movement detection method for detecting a movement amount of an object using an image and one or more different movement detection methods, movement amount likelihoods with regard to which the movement amount of an object is each of a plurality of movement amounts. An integration unit integrates the movement amount likelihoods according to the plurality of movement detection methods to determine integration likelihoods individually of the plurality of movement amounts. The present technology can be applied, for example, to a case in which a movement amount of an object is determined and a driver who drives an automobile is supported using the movement amount.

A technology of an ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System) or the like has been proposed which determines, from sensor data outputted from a sensor such as a camera or a millimeter wave radar incorporated in a vehicle such as, for example, an automobile, a distance to an object outside the vehicle or an amount of movement of the object and supports the driver who drives the vehicle using the distance or the amount of movement.
The distance or the amount of movement determined from sensor data of a sensor such as a camera or a millimeter wave radar varies in accuracy, for example, depending upon an environment, an object of a sensing target or the like. Therefore, a technology called fusion has been proposed recently which determines a distance or an amount of movement comprehensively using sensor data of a plurality of (kinds of) sensors such as a camera and a millimeter wave radar incorporated in a vehicle.
For example, PTL 1 proposes the following technology. In particular, for each of a plurality of sensors, the probability of existence of a three-dimensional object is calculated on the basis of a normal distribution centered at a true value of the output value of the sensor, and the probability of existence is corrected on the basis of the recognition rate of the sensor. Then, the probabilities of existence after corrected in regard the individual sensors are fused to set a total existence probability.

Information processing apparatus, information processing method and program


A mount is taught which incorporates a Picatinny rail and a handguard interface. The mount has an offset L-shape which includes an integral Picatinny rail portion for accessory mounting and an integral threaded handguard adapter portion that attaches to an existing firearm handguard. The mount has a body with the handguard adapter portion protruding outwardly on a front side, a body vertical leg and the Picatinny rail formed integrally on the bottom of a body horizontal leg. The handguard adapter has a hollow inside diameter adapted to conform to a handguard interface surface and a lockring is provided for manual adjustment of the handguard. A second embodiment omits the legs and incorporates an offset shape.

Previously, many types of Picatinny rails have been used in endeavoring to provide an effective means for attaching accessories to a firearm.
The prior art listed below did not disclose patents that possess any of the novelty of the instant invention; however the following U.S. patents are considered somewhat related:
Pat. No.InventorIssue Date7,861,452 B2Moody et al.Jan. 4, 20117,909,301 B2FaiferMar. 22, 20118,109,032 B2FaiferFeb. 7, 20128,176,669 B1GriffinMay 15, 2012D684,647 STrustyJun. 18, 20138,510,983 B2LarueAug. 20, 20132011/0016762 A1DaviesJan. 27, 20112014/0360077 A1Miller et al.Dec. 11, 2014
U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,861,452 B2, 7,909,301 B2, 8,109,032 B2 and 8,510,983 B2 all teach some type of an accessory for attachment onto a Picatinny Rail.
Patent Applicant Publication No. 2014/0360077 A1 issued to Miller et al. provides conductive elements positioned into channels of quad tactile rails to distribute battery electrical power directly to attached accessories.
Davies in U.S. Patent Applicant Publication No. 2011/0016762 A1 discloses a handguard system for use on a rifle having a barrel and a receiver. The tubular handguard covers the barrel and engages a barrel nut.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,176,669 B1 issued to Griffin is for a rail accessory mount that comprises actuatable jaw segments and a base. The segments are drawn together at a base collar which includes a Picatinny rail accessory receiving fixture which incorporates indentations for mating with an existing weapon handguard.
For background purposes and as indicative of the art to which the invention is related reference may be made to the remaining cited patent No. D684,647 S issued to Trusty.

Handguard extending picatinny rail mount


Disclosed is a bone coring device having a handle including a first handle component and a second handle component. The first handle component is rotatably coupled to the second handle component. The device also includes a coring assembly mechanically coupled to the handle. The coring assembly includes an elongated outer cutting member having an internal bore and distal edge adapted to cut through cancellous bone. The coring assembly also includes an elongated inner member slidably positioned within the internal bore of the outer cutting member. Rotatable movement of the first handle component relative to the second handle component causes relative, linear movement between the elongated outer cutting member and the inner member to facilitate coring of a sample of bone when the coring assembly is positioned within the bone.

The present disclosure relates to devices and methods for coring an anatomical tissue. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to devices and methods for accessing and coring bone.
It is often necessary to access a core sample of biological material such as to diagnose defects or ailments. To obtain a sample, an instrument may be used to remove a portion or a "core sample" from surrounding biological material. In some circumstances, the cored material is bone. For example, it may be desirable for a physician to access cortical bone and then retrieve cancellous bone.

System and method for accessing bone for coring


The present invention includes an illuminance adjustment step of setting an optimum illuminance of the illumination; and a defect inspection step of picking up the image of the substrate illuminated with the illumination at the optimum illuminance, wherein the illuminance adjustment step has: a first step of applying illuminations at different illuminances to a plurality of measurement regions on a front surface of the substrate and picking up an image of each of the measurement regions, while moving the substrate; a second step of making a luminance of the picked up image of each of the measurement regions into a histogram to find a reference luminance where an integral value from a maximum luminance side of the histogram is a predetermined value; and a third step of calculating a correlation between each of the reference luminances and the illuminance, and setting based on the correlation an illuminance at which the reference luminance coincides with a predetermined luminance, as the optimum illuminance.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of picking up an image of a substrate illuminated with illumination to inspect the substrate for defects, and a computer-readable storage medium.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a photolithography processing in manufacture of a semiconductor device, for example, a resist coating treatment of applying a resist solution onto, for example, a semiconductor wafer (hereinafter, referred to as a "wafer") to form a resist film, exposure processing of exposing a predetermined pattern to light on the resist film, a developing treatment of developing the exposed resist film and so on are performed in sequence to form a predetermined resist pattern on the wafer.
The wafer for which a series of predetermined photolithography processing has been performed is subjected to a so-called macro defect inspection by an inspection apparatus, such as whether or not a predetermined resist film has been formed on the front surface of the wafer, or whether or not appropriate exposure processing has been performed, and whether or not there is a scratch, or adherence of foreign substance.
Such macro defect inspection is performed such that, for example, an image pickup device of a CCD line sensor captures an image of the wafer with illumination being applied to the wafer on a mounting table, while the mounting table on which the wafer is mounted is being moved, and the image is subjected to image processing to determine presence or absence of defects (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2007-240519).

Defect inspection method and computer-readable storage medium


Provided is a hardware acceleration apparatus for an iSCSI target system including a local memory storing data transmitted between a disk storage device and a network system, a TOE controller performing TCP/IP stack offloading on a TCP/IP packet of data stored in the local memory, a network controller allowing data offloaded from the local memory to be transmitted to the network system using an iSCSI protocol or allowing data received from the network system to be stored in the local memory, and a disk controller storing and withdrawing data between the disk storage device and the local memory.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hardware acceleration apparatus for a storage system connected to a network and a method for handling data using the apparatus, and more particularly, to a hardware acceleration apparatus for an iSCSI target system using a TOE (TCP/IP offload engine) and a method for performing read/write command using the apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
With the rapid development of computer systems, the amount of data stored on servers has increased exponentially. Accordingly, demand for improvements in performance of a data storage device has continuously grown. Thus, since there is a limit in storing data only in a storage device that is directly connected to a server, a variety of storage device connection methods through a network have been devised.
The connection method between a storage device and a server using a network that is currently widely used includes an NFS (network file system), an NAS (network attached storage), and an SAN (storage area network).
The NFS is a method for connecting a storage device to a network that has been previously used in which data is stored in unit of files through a TCP (transmission control protocol) connection between general servers. However, according to this method, the performance of transmission is deteriorated because a load increases in a file system.
The NAS is a method for storing data in units of files through the TCP connection like the NFS. However, the NAS uses dedicated hardware to decrease a load on the server. In this method, nevertheless, the improvement of the storage performance for a target system is restricted by a load on the file system due to the limit of the file unit storage method.
Unlike the NAS or NFS, the SAN is a method which improves the I/O performance by reducing a load on a storage device as the storage device and the server are connected through a dedicated network and the load on a file system is handled at the side of the server through the storage of data in unit of blocks, not files. However, this method has drawbacks in that the construction of a dedicated network incurs high costs and the establishment of a connection network throughout a wide range is difficult.
Another approach is a network protocol. In particular, there have been various attempts to use an IP network which is simple and relatively inexpensive, is capable of routing, and has no limit in distance. An example is an iSCSI (internet small computer system interface) protocol that is a method for transceiving data using an iSCSI protocol arranged on a TCP/IP protocol over the Internet.
However, since the iSCSI protocol is connected through an IP network, it causes a great amount of load during the processing of the TCP/IP protocol. If the load is appropriately controlled, the iSCSI protocol may be useful, which will be discussed below over relevant prior arts.
First, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2004-0174893 filed on Feb. 23, 2004, published on Sep. 9, 2004, invented by Yoshohiro Saito and assigned to NEC Corporation, discloses an iSCSI device and a communication control method thereof. According to this invention, incoming packets are classified using a discriminating network controller for an iSCSI target system and two operation processors perform distributed processes for cases of an iSCSI packet and a non-iSCSI packet so that, when a large amount of general packets are incoming, the iSCSI I/O performance is not degraded and thus performance is improved.
In the published invention, since the two operation processors for processing network protocols are provided, even when the amount of IP traffic increases, the iSCSI I/O processing performance is not degraded. However, the invention does not teach any method concerning additional TCP/IP protocol processing to reduce the load on a CPU that is another important part of the system.
Next, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2004-0062267 filed on Jun. 5, 2003, published on Apr. 1, 2004, and invented by John Shigeto Minami et al., discloses a gigabit Ethernet adaptor supporting iSCSI and IPSec protocol. In this published invention, a gigabit Ethernet controller includes a method for processing TCP/IP protocols with an operation processor, a memory, and a program added. In particular, a protocol such as iSCSI or IPSec is processed by a built-in operation processor and a built-in memory so that performance is improved.
The published invention is related to an intelligent network adaptor and a processing structure thereof which improves performance by executing a protocol processing step using a general processor included in a network controller to improve performance. However, when the TCP/IP protocol is processed using a general operation processor and program, performance is degraded compared to the case when an dedicated TOE controller is used. If programs for processing all protocols suggested in the above invention are included in an Ethernet controller, the performance may be further degraded.
Also, for use in an iSCSI target system, the optimization of a data transfer path is no less important than the protocol processing step. The use of a general operation processor as in the published invention is ineffective compared to the optimization of a path using the dedicated TOE controller, the network controller, a disk controller, and an I/O operation processor.

Hardware acceleration apparatus for iSCSI target system using TOE and method for performing read/write command using the apparatus

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute


A method that involves establishing a network connection with a plurality of servers executing at least one web application; executing, via the network connection, a set of computer executable scraping instructions on the at least one web application to obtain a set of scraped data; receiving a plurality of electronic messages transmitted via a network; generating a first set of records from the set of scraped data; generating a second set of records from the plurality of electronic messages; validating the set of computer executable scraping instructions by locating a record in the second set of records that identifies a transaction missing in the first set of records to obtain a validation result; and generating, based on the validation result, an alert to update the set of computer executable scraping instructions.

Websites provide a wealth of data that can be accessed by users. Additional processing and analysis of the data provided by the websites is provided by servers that scrape the data from websites. The scraping is performed by scripts that can be uniquely tailored to individual websites.
When websites for particular scripts change, the scripts may no longer function properly. A challenge is to identify when scripts need to be updated after changes are made to a website.

Server validation of website scraped data