The disclosure generally relates to continuous monitoring of an analyte by determining its change over time in the living body of a human or animal. A measurement variable value correlating with the desired concentration of the analyte are measured as the measurement signal (zt) and the change over time of the concentration is determined from the measurement signal as the useful signal (yt) using a calibration. A filter algorithm is used to reduce errors of the useful signal, which result from noise contained in the measurement signal. The filter algorithm includes an operation in which the influence of an actual measurement value on the useful signal is weighted using a weighting factor (V).

A CM method and device is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,507,288.
Continuous monitoring of the concentration of glucose in the body of a patient can have great medicinal significance. Studies have led to the result that extremely grave long-term effects of diabetes mellitus (for example, blinding because of retinopathy) can be reduced if the change over time of the concentration of the glucose is continuously monitored in vivo. Continuous monitoring allows the required medication (insulin) to be dosed precisely at each point in time and to keep the blood sugar level always within narrow limits, similarly to a healthy person.
The present teachings relate in particular to CM of glucose. Further information can be taken from U.S. Pat. No. 5,507,288 and the literature cited therein. The content of this document is incorporated herein by reference.
The present teachings are, however, also suitable for other applications in which the change over time of an analyte in the living body (useful signal) is derived from a measurement signal, which comprises measurement values, measured at sequential points in time, of a measurement variable correlating with the concentration desired. The measurement signal may be measured invasively or non-invasively.
An invasive measurement method is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,584,335.
Here a hollow needle carrying a thin optical fiber is stuck into the skin, light is irradiated under the skin surface through the optical fiber, and a modification of the light through interaction with interstitial liquid which surrounds the optical fiber is measured. In this case, the measurement signal comprises measurement values obtained from light which is returned through the optical fiber into a measurement device after the interaction. For example, the measurement signal may comprise spectra of the light which are measured at sequential points in time.
Another example of invasive measurement methods is the monitoring of concentrations by means of an electrochemical sensor which may be stuck into the skin. An electrical measurement variable, typically a current, is thus determined as the measurement variable which is correlated with the concentration of the analyte.
Different non-invasive methods are discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,507,288. These include spectroscopic methods in which light is irradiated directly (i.e., without injuring the skin) through the skin surface into the body and diffusely reflected light is analyzed. Methods of this type have achieved some importance for checking the change over time of oxygen saturation in the blood. For the analysis of glucose alternative methods are preferred, in which light is irradiated into the skin in a strongly localized manner (typically punctually) and the useful signal (course of the glucose concentration) is obtained from the spatial distribution of the secondary light coming out of the skin in the surroundings of the irradiation point. In this case the measurement signal is formed by the intensity profile, measured at sequential points in time, of the secondary light in the surroundings of the irradiation point.
A common feature of all methods of this type is that the change of the concentration over time (useful signal) is determined from the measurement values measured at sequential points in time (measurement signal) using a microprocessor system and a suitable algorithm. This analysis algorithm includes the following partial algorithms: a filter algorithm, by which errors of the useful signal resulting from signal noise contained in the measurement signal are reduced and a conversion algorithm, in which a functional relationship determined by calibration, which relationship describes the correlation between measurement signal and useful signal, is used.
Typically, these parts of the analysis algorithm are performed in the described sequence, i.e., first a filtered measurement signal is obtained from a raw measurement signal by filtering and the filtered signal is then converted into the useful signal. However, this sequence is not mandatory. The raw measurement signal can also be first converted into a raw useful signal and then filtered to obtain the final useful signal. The analysis algorithm may also include further steps in which intermediate variables are determined. It is only necessary in the scope of the present invention that the two partial algorithms a) and b) are performed as part of the analysis algorithm. The partial algorithms a) and b) may be inserted anywhere into the analysis algorithm and performed at any time.
The present teachings relate to cases in which time domain filter algorithms are used. Kalman filter algorithms are particularly common for this purpose. More detailed information on filter algorithms of this type is disclosed by the following literature citations, some of which also describe chemical and medical applications: S. D. Brown: The Kalman filter in analytical chemistry, Analytica Chimica Acta 181 (1986), 1-26; K. Gordon: The multi-state Kalman filter in medical monitoring, Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 23 (1986), 147-154; K. Gordon, A. F. M. Smith: Modeling and monitoring biomedical time series, Journal of the American Statistical Association 85 (1990), 328-337; U.S. Pat. No. 5,921,937; EP 0 910 023 A2; WO 01/38948 A2; U.S. Pat. No. 6,317,662; and U.S. Pat. No 6,575,905 B2.
As noted, the filter algorithm is used for the purpose of removing noise signals which are contained in the raw measurement signal and would corrupt the useful signal. The goal of every filter algorithm is to eliminate this noise as completely as possible, but simultaneously avoid to disturb the measurement signal. This goal is especially difficult to achieve for in vivo monitoring of analytes, because the measurement signals are typically very weak and have strong noise components. Special problems arise because the measurement signal typically contains two types of noise, which differ significantly in regard to the requirements for the filter algorithm: measurement noise: such noise signal components follow a normal distribution having a constant standard deviation around the correct (physiological) measurement signal and non-physiological signal changes, which are caused, for example, by movements of the patient and changes of the coupling of a measurement sensor to the skin to which it is connected. They are typically neither distributed normally around the physiological measurement signal, nor is the standard deviation from the physiological measurement signal constant. For such noise components of the raw signal the term NNNC (non-normal, non-constant)-noise is used hereafter.

Method and device for continuous monitoring of the concentration of an analyte


Methods, systems, and products are disclosed for providing communications services. One method allows a subscriber to create a data message. The subscriber may associate the data message to an originating party and to a recipient. When a communication from the originating party is received, the data message is communicated to the recipient via an Internet Protocol communications network.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention generally relates to electrical computers, telecommunications, telephonic communications, electrical communications and, more particularly, to messaging systems.
2. Description of the Related Art
The term "voice mail" is often utilized to refer to systems wherein parties may leave spoken messages for one another that are stored and retrieved at a later time. Voice mail is also utilized to refer to spoken messages attached to electronic mail communications.
Telephone answering systems are an example of a voice mail system. In a conventional telephone answering system a user records a greeting that is replayed to incoming callers if the user does not answer the telephone. Generally, the answering system allows an incoming caller to record a spoken message that may be retrieved and listened to at a later time.
Although widely utilized, telephone answering systems have not advanced to a significant degree. The United States patent literature discloses several approaches to improving telephone answering systems and their components. U.S. Pat. No. 5,278,894 to Shaw, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference, discloses a method and apparatus for providing customized greeting messages from a switch based voice messaging service. U.S. Pat. No. 6,067,355, to Lim et al., the disclosure of which is also hereby incorporated herein by reference, discloses a caller-ID device and/or integrated caller-ID and answering machine device which is configurable 1) to play pre-recorded announcement for the user when the caller ID information received over the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) corresponds to stored information indicating an important caller; 2) to play a pre-recorded "block-the-blocker" outgoing message for the caller when a blocked-caller-ID code is received; and/or 3) to play a pre-recorded "reject call" outgoing message for the caller when the caller-ID information corresponds to stored information indicating an undesirable caller.
There are several methods and products that allow the user of a telephone to identify the source of an incoming telephone call. U.S. Pat. No. 5,692,038, to Kraus et al., the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference, discloses a method for identifying the source of a communication, including the steps of: receiving the communication on a calling line; identifying the calling line number associated with the calling line; accessing a database to provide an identity for the source by finding a database entry corresponding to the calling line number; announcing this identity to the source; and requesting confirmation. U.S. Pat. No. 6,009,158, to Romero, the disclosure of which is also hereby incorporated herein by reference, discloses a caller ID call-back device that allows a user to automatically place telephone calls to selected directory numbers using several dialing plans.
It would be advantageous to have a telephone answering system that allows a user to provide a personalized caller specific greeting. For example, a home telephone user may wish to inform a contractor that the user will be home at a certain hour in order to let the contractor in. The home telephone user, however, would not want to leave a general answering machine message informing all callers that the user would be away from home and returning at a particular time. A personalized caller specific greeting system would allow the home telephone user's answering system to respond to a call from the contractor with a message such as "Thank you for your call, Ms. Jones will be home at 4:00 PM to let you into the house," while responding to other calls with a general message such as "We cannot answer the phone right now, please leave a message for us after the tone." Similarly, a business telephone user may wish to leave personalized caller specific greetings for specific clients etc. As will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, there are a large number of potential uses for such a personalized caller specific greeting system.
In addition to telephones, in recent years, the number of communication devices and their use, has increased dramatically. Examples of communication devices include telephones, analog and digital cellular phones, pages, wireless email devices, personal digital assistants and the like. Many such devices are able to directly access the world wide web and/or corporate intranet sites.
Prior telephone answering systems often required a user to physically interact with an answering machine in order to configure the machine. Alternatively, several types of answering machines were generally configurable via telephone. It would be advantageous, however, to have a telephone answering system that was configurable via an electronic communications pathway such as the world wide web. It would be further advantageous if such a telephone answering system provided for personalized caller specific greetings.

Methods, systems, and products for providing communications services


A hand scanner support and paper guide apparatus is disclosed for mechanically scanning a thin sheet, e.g. a sheet of paper, using a scanner designed to be hand-held. The apparatus includes a housing which includes a planar upper wall which serves as a flat surface along which the thin sheet is moved. A support assembly is connected to the housing and supports the scanner a spaced distance above the planar upper wall as the thin sheet is moved past the scanner. A guide assembly is connected to the housing and guides the thin sheet in a straight path as the thin sheet is moved along the planar upper wall. A drive assembly is housed within the housing and moved the thin sheet past the scanner. The drive assembly includes a driven, thin-sheet-contacting element such as a cylindrical roller; and a slot, in the planar upper wall, permits the cylindrical roller to contact and move the thin sheet as it lies on the planar upper wall. The scanner support assembly includes a first support element which supports the scanner from below the scanner; and the scanner support assembly also includes a second support element which supports the scanner from above the scanner. The first support element may be a U-shaped bar that extends across the planar upper wall in spaced relation thereto. The second support element may be a flexible strap.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to scanners for scanning pages and the like into computers which contain scanning software, and more particularly, to a device especially adapted to effect smooth and consistent scanning with a hand-held type scanner.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Scanners which employ a solely mechanical scanning mechanism are well known in the art. In addition, hand-held scanners that are controlled solely by a person's hand are also well known in the art. Problems associated with solely mechanical scanning mechanisms are that they are usually quite complicated and expensive, and they are not readily portable. A major problem associated with hand-held scanners that are controlled solely by a person's hand is that the scanning operation is often of uneven texture of blurred because of uneven hand movement.
Solely mechanical scanners are disclosed in the following U.S. patents: U.S. Pat. No. Des. 303,660 of Yamagiwa et al and U.S. Pat. No. 4,961,117 of Rumley. Hand-held scanners that are controlled solely by a person's hand are disclosed in the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,804,949 of Faulkerson; 4,805,175 of Knowles; and 4,953,113 of Chadima et al.
One of the important beneficial features of a hand-held scanner is that such a scanner is relatively inexpensive compared to a solely mechanical scanner. Although the prior art does not provide so, it would be desirable if a scanning apparatus were provided that had the beneficial features of both a solely mechanical scanner and a solely hand-held scanner. More specifically, it would be desirable is a scanner apparatus were provided that had the versatility and portability of a hand-held scanner and, at the same time, had the consistency and reproducability of a mechanical scanner.
Because hand-held scanners are relatively inexpensive and because they are so versatile and portable, many computer users prefer hand-held scanners. Nevertheless, it would be desirable if a hand-held scanner could be retrofitted to be mechanically operated when desired.
Thus, while the foregoing body of prior art indicates it to be well known to use complex mechanical scanners and simple hand-held scanners, the provision of a simple and cost effective device that has the benefits of both mechanical and hand-held scanners is not contemplated. More specifically, the prior art does not provide the versatility and portability of a hand-held scanner and, at the same time, the consistency and reproducability of a mechanical scanner in the same scanning apparatus. The prior art does not provide a hand-held scanner that can be retrofitted to be mechanically operated when desired. The foregoing disadvantages are overcome by the unique hand scanner support and paper guide apparatus of the present invention as will be made apparent from the following description thereof. Other advantages of the present invention over the prior art also will be rendered evident.


An image forming apparatus having a print head that reciprocates along a guide rail includes a carriage on which the print head is mounted. The print head is supplied with ink through a tube from an ink cartridge that is arranged outside the carriage. The carriage includes an engaging portion that slidably engages the carriage with the guide rail, an urging portion that presses the guide rail against the engaging portion, and a base portion on which the urging portion is mounted. The urging portion includes an elastic member that is in contact with the base portion at one end thereof, and a wedge-shaped member that is connected to the other end of the elastic member and urged in a direction in which the guide rail is pressed against the engaging portion by the elastic force of the elastic member.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a technology for an image forming apparatus and more particularly to a technology for transporting a carriage on which a print head is mounted.
2. Related Art
In general, an ink jet printer is provided with a carriage on which a print head is mounted for discharging ink, and a carriage drive mechanism that slidably supports the carriage by means of a guide shaft and allows the carriage to reciprocate along the guide shaft. The carriage may vibrate (swing) due to the moment of force that is applied when the carriage accelerates or decelerates during its reciprocating movement. The swinging of the carriage causes poor printing quality.
JP-A-2003-158614 describes a technology that reduces a possibility that the swinging of a carriage can occur. JP-A-2003-158614 discloses an image reader having an image sensor that reads a document put on a flatbed, a carriage on which the image sensor is mounted, and a guide shaft for allowing the carriage to move. The carriage is provided with a stationary slide member and a pressing slide member, which engage the guide shaft. The stationary slide member is in contact with the guide shaft and thereby positioned in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the stationary slide member moves. The stationary slide member and the pressing slide member, which is pressed by a pressing spring from a side opposite to the stationary slide member, clamp the guide shaft. In this manner, when a load is applied due to the movement of the carriage, swinging of the carriage is prevented by the urging force that results from the contact of the stationary slide member with the guide shaft and the pressing force applied to the guide shaft by the pressing slide member.
In recent years, printers have tended to be provided with an increased number of ink cartridges so as to produce high-quality printed images. As a result, the weight and size of a carriage on which the ink cartridges are mounted have also increased. In this trend of increasing number of ink cartridges, in order to suppress an increase in size of a printer, a printer of a type having ink cartridges that are separate from a carriage has been developed. The printer of a type having ink cartridges that are separate from the carriage has a structure in which the ink cartridges are arranged in a dead space within the body of the printer, and ink is supplied from the ink cartridges through a flow passage, such as a tube, to a print head that is mounted on the carriage.
The printer of a type having ink cartridges that are separate from the carriage, however, has a problem as described below. Specifically, the carriage will receive the moment of force due to elastic force of the tube, in addition to the moment of force due to inertial force and frictional force, which are applied to the carriage when the carriage accelerates or decelerates during its reciprocating movement. The magnitude and direction of the moment of force that the carriage receives due to the elastic force depend on a position of the reciprocating carriage. The magnitude of the moment of force due to the elastic force may be several times larger than that of the moment of inertial force that counters the moment of force. Therefore, there is a high possibility that swinging of the carriage can occur in a printer of this type.
JP-A-2003-158614 describes a technology that is directed toward preventing swinging due to the moment of force that the carriage receives during its reciprocating movement, and that does not assume that the moment of force received is several times larger than the moment of inertial force acting against that moment of force. If the technology described in JP-A-2003-158614 is applied to the printer of a type having ink cartridges that are separate from the carriage, it requires employing a large pressing spring, thus making the size of the apparatus large.

Image forming apparatus and vibration prevention mechanism of a carriage


The present disclosure provides systems, methods, and products for assessing collateral data, including appraisal data, and providing timely notification of any problems or anomalies identified for the collateral. A central server may access collateral data from a remote data source, apply rules to the collateral data to detect problems, and then create a notification describing the problems. The central server may rapidly transmit the notification to remote computing devices that were registered by a lender, so that the lender may act quickly to remediate the problems. A collateral viewer application that interacts with the notifications may also be provided to lenders.

Many loans, including mortgage loans secured by real estate as the collateral, are underwritten and originated by lenders and their associates with the aim of selling the loan on the secondary market to a purchaser who may be an investor. For mortgage loans, the secondary market investors include government-sponsored entities (GSE), such as the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Company, also known as Freddie Mac. In order to be eligible for purchase by a secondary market investor such as Freddie Mac, a loan must meet all the requirements set by the investor, and a lender that plans to sell typically wants to create loans that meet the investor's requirements so that the investor will purchase them. In addition, a secondary market investor may offer other benefits to the seller of a loan after the investor has bought the loan, such as waiving some or all of the seller's representations and warranties made in connection with the sale of the loan, on condition that the loan satisfies specific criteria specified by the buyer.
In order for a loan to meet all of the requirements set by the potential future buyer, such as a GSE, the collateral for the loan, including the appraisal of the collateral, must meet the future buyer's requirements regarding the collateral. Although a lender performs collateral data collection and the appraisal before a loan closes, current conventional systems and practices do not evaluate the collateral and the appraisal until after the loan is closed, and in many cases not until after the loan has been purchased by a buyer on the secondary market. At such points in time, it is generally too late for the lender to fix any problems with the collateral data or the appraisal, and, among other drawbacks, the lender could be required (e.g. contractually obligated) to repurchase or buy back an already-sold loan because the loan's collateral does not meet the purchaser's requirements, or the lender cannot sell the loan in the first place because the collateral does not meet the purchaser's requirements.
Accordingly, it is desirable to develop improved systems, methods and techniques for assessing a loan during the various stages of its creation and service life to determine whether the loan meets the purchase eligibility requirements and/or other benefit-triggering requirements set by a purchaser. Moreover, it is desirable to develop improved systems, methods and techniques for analyzing and communicating in real time information regarding the appraisal and collateral that backs a loan before the loan is closed.

Systems and methods for communications regarding loan collateral

FEDERAL HOME LOAN MORTGAGE CORPORATION (FREDDIE MAC)


The present invention relates to a seal for an electric cable that is connected to a second cable in a confined location, in which a first and second lengths of insulated electrical cable extend into a confined location and a connector connects the first and second lengths of cable, and a method for forming such a seal. A thin layer of conductive material covers a first portion of the first length of insulated electrical cable, with a second portion of the insulated electrical cable projecting beyond the conductive material for connection to the connector and providing an exposed end of the conductive material.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an improved seal for portions of electrical conductor cables from an external power source, that are connected in a confined location in hazardous locations to corresponding conductor cables for electrical equipment such as submersible pumps in underground wells, instrumentation, heaters, or any other suitable electrical equipment, both underground and above ground. Such seals are used to prevent gas and other combustible fluids from migrating from the electrical equipment into the conductor cable.
The invention is particularly useful for shielded electrical cable used in hazardous electrical locations, where the cable must be sealed on order to prevent migration of gas or other combustible fluids into the cables, conduits or raceways to a non-hazardous location, in order to comply with the requirements of the National Electric Code's Hazardous Section 501.5(f)(3), for Class 1, Div. 1 and Div. 2 hazardous locations.
2. Background of the Invention
In installations in which electrical equipment is used in hazardous locations, such as for example underground wells and refineries, electrical power is supplied from an external source to electrical equipment through insulated conductors that extend into a confined location such as a closed housing where the conductor cable is spliced or otherwise connected to conductor cable that runs to the equipment. This confined area forms a closed transition zone for the cables and house their connections. The portions of the cable conductor from the external power source must be sealed in order to block gases and other combustible fluids that emanate from the equipment, from flowing to the external power source along the conductor cables and cause an explosion.
The housing that confines the connections and seals are located in a hazardous location called a "classified" location. Such locations are referred to as "classified" because they are defined or classified by industry standards such those promulgated by the American Petroleum Institute. The equipment and facilities for such classified locations must be in compliance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act ("OSHA") Section 1910, Subpart S, for locations where hazardous concentrations of gases or vapors are present because of leakage.
Recent changes to the National Electric Code ("NEC") require that all medium voltage ("MV") cable (C-L-X Type MC-HL cables) used in Classes I, II and III, Division 1 and 2, and Class I, Zone 1 and 2 hazardous locations (NEC Articles 501, 502 and 503), must be shielded with a conductive material along its length. This change resulted in the use of a thin layer of uncoated copper tape wrapped around the length of each of the conductors that supplies electrical power to electrical equipment from an external power source.
However, the NEC changes did not address the problem of how to seal the shielded conductor in a confined location in order to prevent gases and other hazardous fluids from migrating along the conductor cable and into the power source and cause an explosion.
Thus, there is need for seal for a shielded conductor cable within such a confined location in order to eliminate a hazardous condition by preventing combustible gas and other fluids that emanate from electrical equipment and flow into the confined location, from migrating along the conductor cable to an electrical power source located outside the confined location.

Seal for confined electrical conductor cable


A powder for sustained release of a gas including a core containing a molecular sieve, and a layer containing an acid releasing agent on an outer surface of the core. The core and the layer are substantially free of water, and the core is capable of generating and releasing a gas after hydrolysis of the acid releasing agent.

The present invention relates generally to a powder that provides sustained release of a gas. The invention particularly relates to a powder for retarding, controlling, killing or preventing microbiological contamination (e.g., bacteria, fungi, viruses, mold spores, algae, and protozoa), retarding, preventing or controlling biochemical decomposition, controlling respiration, deodorizing and/or retarding, preventing or controlling chemotaxis by release of a gas, such as chlorine dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrocyanic acid, dichlorine monoxide, or chlorine.
Chlorine dioxide (ClO.sub.2) is a superior oxidizing agent widely used as a bleach, disinfectant, fumigant or deodorizer. It can penetrate the cell wall or membrane and cytoplasm of mold spores, bacteria and other microbiological contaminants at concentrations below one part per million and destroy them.
The incorporation of chlorine dioxide or sodium chlorite in food packaging has prompted studies to determine whether residual levels of such preservatives result in a significant genetic or carcinogenic hazard to humans. Meier et al. studied the effect of subchronic and acute oral administration of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, sodium chlorite and sodium chlorate on the induction of chromosomal aberrations and spermhead abnormalities in mice [Environ. Mutagenesis, 7, 201 (1985)]. Only the highly reactive hypochlorite resulted in a weak positive effect for mutagenic potential. The other compounds, including chlorine dioxide and sodium chlorite, failed to induce any chromosomal aberrations or increased numbers of micronuclei in the bone marrow of mice. Vilagines et al. attribute the relatively innocuous effect of chlorine dioxide to its inability to produce halomethanes, unlike hypochlorite and chlorine [Proc. AWWA Disinfect. Semin., 24 pp. (1977); Chem. Abs. 93, 173513f]. Recently, Richardson et al. reported that an extensive study of the reaction of chlorine dioxide with water borne organics by the Environmental Protection Agency confirmed this observation [Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 592 (1994)].
Japanese Kokai Nos. 63/296,758, 63/274,434, and 57/168,977 describe deodorants containing chlorine dioxide incorporated in a polymer, ceramic beads, or calcium silicate wrapped in nonwoven cloth, respectively. Gels that generate chlorine dioxide for use as topical applications for disinfection are disclosed by Kenyon et al., Am. J. Vet. Res., 45(5), 1101 (1986). Chlorine dioxide generating gels are generally formed by mixing a gel containing suspended sodium chlorite with a gel containing lactic acid immediately prior to use to avoid premature chlorine dioxide release. Chlorine dioxide releasing gels have also been used in food preservation.
Encapsulation processes have also been used in preparing sources of chlorine dioxide. Canadian Patent No. 959,238 describes generation of chlorine dioxide by separately encapsulating sodium chlorite and lactic acid in polyvinyl alcohol and mixing the capsules with water to produce chlorine dioxide.
Tice et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,585,482 describes gradual hydrolysis of alternating poly(vinyl methyl ether-maleic anhydride) or poly(lactic-glycolic acid) to generate acid that can release chlorine dioxide from sodium chlorite. A polyalcohol humectant and water are encapsulated with the polyanhydride or polyacid in a nylon coating. After sodium chlorite is diffused into the capsule through the nylon wall, an impermeable polystyrene layer is coacervated around the nylon capsule. Solvents are required for reaction and application of the capsules. The capsules can be coated onto surfaces to release chlorine dioxide. Although the capsules are said to provide biocidal action for several days to months, chlorine dioxide release begins immediately after the capsules are prepared. The batchwise process used to prepare the capsules also involves numerous chemical reactions and physical processes, some of which involve environmental disposal problems.
Powders that release chlorine dioxide as soon as they are prepared have been formed by mixing acid solids and chlorite solids. Lovely, U.S. Pat. No. 3,591,515 describes a chlorite-containing powder that releases chlorine dioxide upon being admixed with an acid-containing powder. Hartshorn, U.S. Pat. No. 4,104,190 describes solid mixtures of sodium chlorite and citric, adipic or malic acid that are compressed to form tablets. Mason et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,547,381 and 4,689,169 disclose mixtures of powdered sodium chlorite, acid and inert diluent that release chlorine dioxide without exposing the mixtures to ambient moisture. Tice et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,585,482 describes solid admixtures of sodium chlorite and polylactic acid.
Wellinghoff et al. have formulated composites that include a hydrophobic phase containing an acid releasing agent and a hydrophilic phase containing chlorite or other anions. The composite is substantially free of water and gas (e.g., chlorine dioxide) until it is exposed to moisture. Once exposed to moisture, acid and hydronium ions are generated in the hydrophobic phase. The hydronium ions migrate to the hydrophilic phase and react with the anions to generate a gas such as chlorine dioxide from the composite. These composites are composed of and generate only substances used in foods or substances generally recognized as safe or inert substances. The composites can be used for food packaging and other applications where the substances can be ingested by or in contact with humans or animals. These composites are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,360,609, 5,631,300, 5,639,295 and 5,650,446 and copending U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 08/858,860, 08/858,859, 08/465,086, 08/461,716, and 08/461,304.
Wellinghoff et al. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/462,039 discloses a composite formulated for maximum chlorine dioxide release in which the hydrophilic material contains an .alpha.-amino ether, ester or alcohol and a chlorite salt formed by reaction of an iminium chlorite and a base. Iminium chlorite is unstable to nucleophilic attack by the chlorite anion. When the iminium chlorite is reacted with a base, however, the more stable .alpha.-amino ether, ester or alcohol and a chlorite salt are formed.
Wellinghoff et al. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/726,413 describes a method for maximizing chlorine dioxide release from an amine-containing composite by omitting the chlorite source until the composite is applied to a surface. After application, the composite is exposed to chlorine dioxide gas that either reacts with the amine to form iminium chlorite in situ or reacts with the amine to provide chlorite anions. The composite is then activated in the presence of moisture to release chlorine dioxide. The composite can be exposed to elevated temperatures during processing, storage and application because the hydrophilic material does not contain iminium chlorite or any chlorite anions that could decompose at such temperatures. The method also precludes premature release of chlorine dioxide from the composite.
Barenberg et al. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/724,907 and Wellinghoff et al. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/858,860 describe numerous methods of using composites such as those disclosed by Wellinghoff et al. to retard bacterial, fungal, and viral contamination and growth of molds on food, produce, meat, and other materials and to deodorize materials such as textiles and storage spaces.
Wellinghoff et al. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/651,876 describes transparent compositions that provide sustained release of chlorine dioxide.
There is a need for an inert powder that can be easily activated to initiate release of chlorine dioxide or another biocidal or deodorizing gas in use. A powder that is composed of and generates only substances used in foods, or those generally recognized as safe or inert substances, is particularly needed for food packaging, modified atmosphere packaging, and other applications where the substances can be ingested by or in contact with humans. Although the Wellinghoff et al. composites are effective biocides, there is a need for biocidal compositions that can be more readily manufactured and provide more control or flexibility for sustained release of a gas.

Powders providing controlled sustained release of a gas


An injector system for implanting an intraocular lens into an eye includes an injector body having a front end and a rear end; a cannula arranged at the front end, which provides a transport channel for a lens to be implanted, wherein a lens can be fed into the transport channel; a magazine with a receptacle area for a lens which is securable in the receptacle area with a retainer, wherein the magazine is arranged so that a lens can be fed into the transport channel; a folding body insertable into the magazine and into the inlet opening, for pushing the lens into the transport channel so that the lens is at least partially foldable around the folding body; and a slider arranged in the injector body, and which can be pushed into the transport channel via the front end so that the lens can be ejected from the transport channel.

Intraocular lenses are lens implants or artificial lenses to replace the natural lenses of a human eye. They are in particular used to replace the lenses of an eye affected by cloudiness (cataract) of the lens. By surgery, the affected lenses are removed and the intraocular lenses are inserted. Insertion into the eye is accomplished by means of a so-called injector, for example. It is important in this context that the surgical incision through which an intraocular lens is implanted is as small as possible (e.g. about 3 mm). This provides for the fastest possible healing process without complication and possibly also avoids the need for suture.
To be able to implant intraocular lenses which generally have a diameter of about 5 to 6 mm, the lenses must be foldable so as to fit through the small incision of about 3 mm. An injector for folding and inserting a folded lens into a human eye is described in International patent application WO 00/45746 A1, for example. The content of this patent application is fully incorporated into the present patent application by reference.
An injector is described therein for implanting and inserting a temporarily folded intraocular lens, which injector can be used to insert the folded lens into the capsula of the lens of the eye through an incision of the required size of about 3 mm in the eye.
The injector comprises a body having a thicker insertion and holding part and a thinner injection tube on an injection side and a continuous axial opening as a transport channel. In addition, the injector comprises a slider arranged so as to be displaceable axially in the transport channel. Furthermore, the injector comprises a radial insertion opening in the insertion and holding part transversely relative to the axis of the transport channel, as an insertion channel for the lens. The insertion opening communicates with the continuous transport opening. In the insertion opening, the non-folded lens rests flat on a support surface for being transported and is retained by a retaining rib extending longitudinally and centrally to the lens. The retaining rib is a plate-shaped, radially extending folding rib which can be pressed radially into the transport channel, through the insertion opening, whereby the lens is completely inserted into the transport channel folded around the retaining rib.
The injector described therein ensures safe implantation of an intraocular lens into a human and/or animal eye. The loading of the injector or the insertion of the intraocular lens into the injector can only be done just before surgery, by the operating ophthalmologist or a supportive surgical nurse.
However, in order to be able to accurately insert the intraocular lens into the eye, it is necessary for the lens to be positioned as accurately as possible on the support surface so that the lens is precisely insertable into the transport channel by means of the folding rib.
If the lens is not loaded sufficiently precisely, this may result in an undesired rotation of the lens when the lens is folded and inserted into the transport channel by means of the folding rib. Under certain circumstances, the lens may even be clamped between the folding rib and the transport channel so as to become unusable.
Therefore, the loading done by the ophthalmologist or surgical nurse presents a potential risk. Moreover, the lens previously stored in a package under sterile conditions may be contaminated when being removed from the package and placed in the injector.

Injector for implanting an intraocular lens


A high-amplitude magnetic angle sensor is described along with a process for its manufacture. A thin tantalum nitride hard mask, used to pattern the device, is left in place within the completed structure but, by first converting most of it to tantalum oxide, its effect on current shunting is greatly reduced.

Several magnetic field angle sensor designs have been proposed and used but there remains a need for a monolithic (single chip) low-cost design. This is a subject of the present invention. The disclosed GMR-based element is integrated with the other parts of magnetic field angle sensor for a one-chip solution with single process flow.
A routine search of the prior art was performed with the following references of interest being found:
In U.S. Patent Application 2006/0002024, Le et al. disclose a first RIE of tantalum nitride using CF4/CHF3 and a second RIE chemistry based on O2, CO2, NH3/H2 or H2/N2 as examples. U.S. Pat. No. 6,458,603 (Kersch et al) teaches RIE using CHF3, CF4, and Ar with a tantalum nitride/Ta diffusion barrier, while U.S. Pat. No. 7,352,531 (Kameyama) teaches GMR etching using an oxygen plasma and CF4.

Field angle sensor fabricated using reactive ion etching


A heat-storage object which can be formed in a desired shape, has a high heat-storage material content and hence excellent heat-storage property, undergoes no leakage with time despite the high heat-storage material content, and even when subjected to processing such as cutting or punching, does not undergoes leakage through the cut surface or hole, and has excellent processability, as well as a composition for heat-storage object formation, and a process for producing the same. The heat-storage object comprises fine particles of an organic latent heat-storage material (a), the particles having been fixed with a binder (c). It is produced by mixing a composition for heat-storage object formation containing an organic latent heat-storage material (a), a nonionic surfactant (b) and a compound (c-1) having reactive functional group, with a compound (c-2) having a second reactive functional group reactive with the reactive functional group, dispersing the organic latent heat-storage material (a) in a colloidal state, reacting the component (c-1) with the component (c-2) to form a binder (c), and fixing the organic latent heat-storage material (a) in the form of fine particles with the binder (c).

(1) In recent years, technologies of storing heat energy, that is, heat-storage technologies attract attention as those solving present-day energy problems. The heat-storage technologies are technologies of effectively utilizing natural energy such as solar heat, geothermal heat etc. and remaining heat from cooling/heating equipments, and are utilized for example as technologies in which inexpensive nighttime power is utilized in a house to store heat and utilized as a multi-purpose heat source to reduce consumption in daytime electric power.
Heat-storage materials used in such heat-storage technologies include sensible heat-storage materials and latent heat-storage materials, and particularly the latent heat-storage materials utilizing latent heat resulting from the phase change of a substance are often used.
These latent heat-storage materials store heat (heat storage) upon phase change of a substance from solid to liquid and release heat (heat release) upon phase change from liquid to solid, and by utilizing this property, heat is stored and released. Generally, many latent heat-storage materials undergo phase change (solid/liquid change) in the temperature range of 15 to 50° C. Accordingly, the latent heat-storage material should be handled as liquid and used generally by encapsulating it in a liquid state in a laminate sheet or plastic case capable of being closed.
Although the size of such laminate sheet and plastic case is limited to a predetermined dimension, processing such as cutting is not feasible due to leakage of the latent heat-storage material. Application by nailing is not feasible due to leakage of the latent heat-storage material. When the laminate sheet or plastic case is fixed perpendicularly, the heat-storage material is distributed in higher density at the bottom, so there is a problem that the heat-storage material cannot be effectively utilized.
Therefore, the heat-storage material is exclusively horizontally disposed for use as typified by the heat-storage material used for floor heating in a heat-storage system under the present circumstances.
Against such problem, Patent Literature 1 proposes a heat-storage object comprising latent heat-storage capsules supported on a coating film or a sheet, thereby enabling processing such as cutting or application by nailing and preventing the heat-storage material from being distributed in higher density at the bottom, while in Non-Patent Literature 1, the above problem is solved by mixing a encapsulated latent heat-storage material with a material such as plasterboard and then fixing it via an inorganic binder or resin. In Patent Literature 2, on the other hand, a heat-storage material is supported on a porous material in order to solve the above problem and achieve sufficient heat-storage property.
(2) Glass, resin boards, metal plates etc. are used in various fields and become essential in our living spaces, for example in plate glasses, floors, walls and ceilings in housings, offices and greenhouses. In housings and offices, for example, plate glasses, walls and the like separate the room from the outside world, and in summer and during daylight, warm air of the outside world is shut out and the living space is made comfortable by a cooler etc. In winter and at night, cold air of the outside world is shut out and the living space is made comfortable by a heater etc. In a greenhouse etc., glass or the like separates the house from the outside world, and the temperature in the house can be controlled as desired.
However, when a material of high heat conductivity, such as glass, is used in housings, offices, greenhouses etc., cool air in the room is easily warmed by warm air of the outside world in summer or during daylight. In winter and at night, on the other hand, warm air in the room is easily cooled by cold air of the outside world, and consequently, excessive heating or cooling energy should be used.
In Patent Literature 3, insulation in the room is improved by laminating a heat insulating sheet on glass in order to solve the problem. In Patent Literature 4, insulating property in the room is improved by arranging an air layer, a vacuum layer and a low-emissivity layer between glasses.
(3) As technologies of controlling heat energy, there are heat insulation technologies in addition to the heat-storage technologies, and as materials utilizing such heat-storage technologies and heat insulation technologies, for example in the field of housing, there are known materials used in energy-saving housings wherein inexpensive nighttime power is utilized to store heat and utilized as a general-purpose heat source, thereby reducing daytime power consumption, while the influence of outside air temperature is shut out to reduce a fluctuation in room temperature.
For example, Patent Literature 5 describes a building frame panel provided with a heat insulator in the exterior side and with a latent heat-storage material in the interior side, thereby attempting at energy saving for heating and cooling energy in a housing. In Patent Literature 5, a latent heat-storage material hermetically sealed in a casing is laminated with a heat insulator. Patent Literature 6 describes a frame structure wherein a heat insulator in the exterior side is used in combination with a heat-storage object consisting of a latent heat-storage material in the interior side, which reduces a fluctuation in room temperature against outside air temperature and maintains a comfortable indoor condition, thereby attempting at saving energy required for cooling and heating. In Patent Literature 6, a microencapsulated latent heat-storage material is used as the heat-storage object.
(4) With rising concern of housing environment in recent years, there are rapidly increasing housings provided with a floor heating system where a heat source such as a heating wire and a hot-water pipe is provided in a floor. In the floor heating system, heat generated by a heat source such as a heating wire and a hot-water pipe is used to warm the interior space, and particularly when a heating wire is used, considerable power consumption is necessary for heating the floor.
As one solution of such problem, there is a heat-storage-type floor heating system having a heat-storage material introduced into a floor heating system. A majority of latent heat-storage materials used in the heat-storage-type floor heating system are those for storing heat (heat storage) upon phase change thereof from solid to liquid and for releasing heat (heat release) upon phase change from liquid to solid, and many of them undergo phase change (solid/liquid change) generally in the temperature range of 15 to 50° C.
When such latent heat-storage materials are used in a floor heating system, for example, it is possible to use inexpensive nighttime power, to storage heat, and release the heat gradually in the daytime thereby reducing power consumption. Once the latent heat-storage materials are warmed, they can keep the temperature constant for a long time, thus enabling reduction in power consumption and maintenance of a comfortable living environment.
As the floor heating system utilizing latent heat-storage materials, for example, Patent Literature 7 describes use of cased latent heat-storage materials.
(5) Patent Literature 8 discloses a heat-storage object capable of high-frequency heating, which comprises a crystal water-containing hydrate contained in a molten mixture of an ethylene/olefin copolymer and a crystalline organic compound (paraffin).
Patent Literature 1: JP-A 10-311693 (claims)
Non-Patent Literature 1: Design-Series Collected Papers, Architectural Institute of Japan, No. 540, 23-29, February, 2001
Patent Literature 2: JP-A 9-143461
Patent Literature 3: JP-A 11-348169
Patent Literature 4: JP-A 2000-87656
Patent Literature 5: JP-A 61-122354
Patent Literature 6: JP-A 2003-34993
Patent Literature 7: JP-A 2001-304596
Patent Literature 8: Japanese Patent No. 2548850

Composition for heat-storage object formation, heat-storage object, and process for producing heat-storage object


When a MODE selector SW is manipulated while CVT automatic shifting mode is selected, the shifting mode is switched to STEP-AT automatic shifting mode. Then, when the shift lever of a shifting device is manipulated by the driver while the CVT automatic shifting mode is selected as the shifting mode of a CVT, the then-set automatic shifting control mode for the CVT is maintained whereas the shifting mode of the CVT is switched to sport mode. When the sport mode being selected as the shifting mode of the CVT is canceled, the shifting mode of the CVT is switched to the mode selected before the switchover to the sport mode, that is, the maintained automatic shifting control mode, unless the MODE selector SW is manipulated during execution of the sport mode.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a control device for a transmission, and more particularly, to control executed at the time of switchover of shifting mode.
2. Description of the Related Art
A continuously variable transmission capable of continuously varying its gear ratio, or what is called a stepless transmission, has hitherto been used in motor vehicles mounted with internal combustion engines. Such a stepless transmission has, as its shifting modes, a stepless automatic shifting mode in which the gear ratio is continuously variable, and a stepped manual mode in which the driver manually performs a shifting operation to select a specific gear train from among those having respective fixed gear ratios.
There has also been known a stepless transmission which is equipped with a plurality of gear trains with respective fixed gear ratios, as in a conventional stepped automatic transmission, and which has, as its shifting modes, a stepped automatic shifting mode in which a specific gear train is automatically selected in accordance with the vehicle speed and the throttle valve opening angle, besides a stepless automatic shifting mode in which the gear ratio is automatically varied in a continuously manner so that the internal combustion engine can be operated with optimum fuel efficiency (Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. H07-102791).
A control device for the transmission disclosed in the above publication is configured to switch the shifting mode between the stepless automatic shifting mode and the stepped automatic shifting mode in accordance with the vehicle speed and the throttle valve opening angle.
Let it be assumed that the transmission disclosed in the above publication is additionally equipped with the stepped manual mode, in addition to the stepless automatic shifting mode and the stepped automatic shifting mode. In this case, when the stepped manual mode is canceled by the driver while the vehicle is running in the stepped automatic shifting mode, for example, the stepless automatic shifting mode or the stepped automatic shifting mode is resumed as the shifting mode in accordance with the vehicle speed and throttle valve opening angle assumed at the time the stepped manual mode is canceled.
However, where either the stepless automatic shifting mode or the stepped automatic shifting mode is resumed as the shifting mode in accordance with the vehicle speed and throttle valve opening angle assumed at the time of cancelation of the stepped manual mode, the shifting mode resumed after the stepped manual mode is canceled by the driver may possibly differ from the shifting mode that had been selected before the stepped manual mode was set by the driver. Such a situation is not desirable because the difference in shifting mode possibly brings a feeling of strangeness to the driver.

MITSUBISHI JIDOSHA ENGINEERING KABUSHIKI KAISHA

MITSUBISHI JIDOSHA KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA


A client connection method is provided. The method includes obtaining, by a second client, a first link from a first sharing identifier of a first client. The first link includes a first identification code and service type information, the first identification code is used for identifying the first client, and the service type information represents a service type corresponding to a client connection server. The second client extracts the first identification code and the service type information according to the first link, determines the client connection server according to the service type information, and sends a connection request carrying the first identification code and a second identification code to the client connection server. The second client connects with the first client based on a binding connection between the first client and the second client established by the client connection server.

In the existing technology, clients establish a binding relationship to each other by logging in to a same account number. Any client may obtain, from a server, information about another client under a current account number. Such information may uniquely identify a client, and then information or a command is sent to the client.
To establish a connection between two clients, the two clients need to log in to a same account number. Costs of such an operation are very high, resulting in poor user experience and low function utilization.

TENCENT TECHNOLOGY (SHENZHEN) COMPANY LIMITED


A semiconductor device manufacturing apparatus includes a processing device, a measuring device, and a data server. The processing device performs a lithography process and outputs process record data containing product information about a semiconductor device and process information. The measuring device measures a record offset from a target value in the semiconductor device processed by the processing device, and outputs measurement record data. The data server stores the process record data from the processing device and the measurement record data from the measuring device, calculates a correction value on the basis of a past record offset in response to a request from the processing device, and sends it back to the processing device. The data server has a data storage unit for storing the process record data and the measurement record data, a data arrangement unit for arranging the data stored in the data storage unit in accordance with stratification conditions, and determining target data from the data arranged by stratum on the basis of new process record data from the processing device, and a correction value calculation unit for performing calculation for the target data to obtain a correction value.

The present invention relates to a semiconductor device manufacturing apparatus and, more particularly, to a manufacturing apparatus suited for use in a photolithography step for forming a plurality of pattern layers on a semiconductor substrate.
In manufacturing a semiconductor device, the step of stacking an upper pattern layer on a lower pattern layer formed on a semiconductor substrate is required. In this step, a photolithography step utilizing photography is used. In the photolithography step, when the upper pattern layer is to be exposed, so-called alignment of accurately aligning the upper pattern layer with the lower pattern layer must be managed at high accuracy. To realize a high alignment accuracy, a technique of measuring and storing a latent alignment accuracy offset of an exposure device itself in advance, and performing correction on the basis of the stored accuracy offset in actual exposure has conventionally been proposed. This technique is disclosed in, e.g., Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 64-39726 and 63-80529. In addition, a technique of exposing a wafer called a pilot wafer or test wafer, and feeding back and correcting a positional accuracy obtained from the result in actual exposure has been proposed. This technique is disclosed in, e.g., Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-120819.
The conventional technique described above is effective for an offset generated uniquely to some extent such as the latent offset of the exposure device. Today, however, the product design rule becomes stricter, and an offset between subsidiary materials which should produce the same result cannot be ignored. Accordingly, the influence of an offset generated in the process also becomes serious, and the alignment cannot be managed at high accuracy by the correction function of only the exposure device. The technique using a test wafer is advantageous in correcting an offset in the exposure device or the process. However, another wafer cannot be processed during processing of the test wafer, measurement, and feedback of data, resulting in low processing ability of the exposure device.

Lithography processing apparatus for manufacturing semiconductor devices


Process for the purification of crude 1,1-dichloro -1-fluoroethane by treatment with chlorine in the presence of an organic free radical initiator and then distillation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an improved process for the purification of crude 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane by treatment with chlorine followed by distillation.
2. Description of the Related Art
1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HFA-141b) is a partially halogenated chlorofluorinated hydrocarbon which is proving to be an advantageous substitute for certain entirely halogenated chlorofluorinated hydrocarbons (CFCs) whose production and use are being progressively reduced because they are suspected of having a harmful effect on the ozone layer.
Crude 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane from the synthesis processes is generally contaminated by by-products of the synthesis and undesirable impurities. Certain of these by-products and impurities can be easily separated by distillation. This is especially the case for 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane or 1,1,1-trichloroethane, as well as for the heavier compounds comprising a greater number of carbon atoms, formed during the reaction. However, 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane generally contains as impurities small amounts of chlorinated and/or chlorofluorinated unsaturated compounds whose separation by distillation proves to be difficult, in view of their boiling point in the neighborhood of that of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane.
Besides vinylidene chloride, which is the most important impurity, the unsaturated impurities which may be present in 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane to be purified are mainly cis- and trans-1,2-dichlorofluoroethylenes, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, dichloroacetylene and 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene.
Patent Application EP-A-0,401,493 from Atochem North America describes the purification of 1,1-dichloro -1-fluoroethane by photochemical chlorination of the unsaturated impurities followed by a separation by distillation. This process is implemented at a temperature such that 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane is in the liquid phase at the operating pressure. The operating conditions are also in part limited by the presence of the light energy source.
The accent is put in this document on the purification from vinylidene chloride but, in the majority of the examples, it was not possible to fall below 120 ppm by weight of this compound. Additionally, the removal of cis- and trans-1,2-dichlorofluoroethylenes was not mentioned, which are more halogenated impurities whose conversion appears more difficult as, in certain cases, their concentration can increase again after having passed through a minimum. By way of reference, let it be pointed out that the PAFT II specifications (Program for Alternative Fluorocarbon Toxicity testing) impose a total chlorofluorinated unsaturated impurities content not exceeding 10 ppm by weight.
The present invention consequently has the aim of providing an improved process for the purification of crude 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane by treatment with chlorine followed by a distillation which not only makes possible a better purification from vinylidene chloride but also an effective and rapid separation from the other unsaturated impurities, especially cis- and trans-1,2-dichlorofluoroethylenes.

Process for the purification of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane


A machine tool has at least one working spindle, in which a tool receptacle for tool holders is provided. Furthermore, there is a tool-changing arm with a gripper, for a tool holder in order to transfer this tool holder between its magazine position, which is spaced apart from the tool receptacle, and its working position, in which the tool holder can be clamped into the tool receptacle. Orientation means are provided between the gripper and the tool holder supported by it and secure the tool holder in a nonrotatable manner on the gripper at least during its transfer between the magazine position and the working position and release it after it has been clamped into the tool receptacle, with the result that the tool holder can be rotated in relation to the gripper.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a machine tool having at least one working spindle, in which working spindle a tool receptacle for tool holders is provided, having at least one tool-changing arm with a gripper for a tool holder in order to transfer this tool holder between its magazine position, which is spaced apart from the tool receptacle, and its working position, in which the tool holder can be clamped into the tool receptacle, and having orientation means arranged between the gripper and the tool holder supported by the gripper which orientation means secure the tool holder in a non-rotatable manner on the gripper at least during its transfer between the magazine position and the working position.
2. Related Prior Art
A machine tool of the abovementioned type has frequently been disclosed in the prior art.
DE 33 20 851 A1 and DE 40 31 997 A1, to the disclosure of which reference is expressly made here, disclose a machine tool of the travelling-column type, in which a working spindle having a tool receptacle, which is provided on the front side of the spindle and is intended for clamping standardized tool holders in, can be moved in three directions in space in relation to a work piece. The working spindle is mounted rotatably in a spindle housing on which a sleeve is arranged in a vertically displaceable manner, the sleeve bearing a plurality of tool-changing arms distributed around the working spindle. Each tool-changing arm bears at its lower, free end a gripper, in which a tool holder is held, which can be clamped into the tool receptacle and bears a machining tool on its lower shank.
The tool holders are inserted, depending on requirements, into the tool receptacle, for which purpose the tool-changing arm together with the relevant tool holder is pivoted downwards under the tool receptacle. Raising the sleeve causes the tool holder to then pass with its standardized taper, for example a steep taper or hollow tapered shank, into the tool receptacle where it is clamped in place. The gripper remains on the tool holder during the use of the tool, which is now driven by the working spindle, as a result of which a rapid tool change is possible.
In other words, the tool-changing arms arranged around the working spindle use their grippers to keep the various tool holders in their magazine position, in which they are spaced apart laterally and upwards with respect to the tool receptacle. One tool in each case is pivoted into the working position and, by the sleeve being moved, is inserted into the tool receptacle. While the tool-changing arm with the tool which was previously in operation is being pivoted upwards, another tool-changing arm can already be pivoted downwards in order to clamp a new machining tool into the tool receptacle via the relevant tool holder.
In many cases, it is important to know, in the case of a machine tool of this type, in which orientation the tool has been clamped into the tool receptacle, this being of importance, for example, in the case of a rearwards core drill.
The patent literature describes various constructions for how tools can be inserted "in a positionally correct manner", i.e. in a defined manner with respect to their peripheral alignment, into the tool receptacle of a working spindle.
For example, EP 0 354 467 A2 describes a gripper for a steep-taper tool holder. A thickened, encircling collar is provided between the steep taper, which is inserted into the tool receptacle, and the shank, to which the machining tool is fastened, with a gripper groove which points radially outwards and in which the gripper engages by means of its jaws being provided in the collar. Provided on the gripper is a spring-loaded latching lever, the free end of which engages as a latching lug in a cut-out on the circumference of the tool holder, so that the tool holder is secured in a nonrotatable manner on the gripper during its transfer between the magazine position and the working position. When the tool holder is inserted into the tool receptacle, the latching lever is disengaged from the tool holder via a stop, thus enabling the tool receptacle to be inserted into the rotating spindle. In order to load the grippers, the latching lever may also be disengaged manually.
EP 0 297 828 A1 shows a comparable construction. This publication discloses a gripper which has two moveable jaws for grasping tool holders. The jaws are coupled via a deflecting gear to a bolt which is moved against a spatially fixed stop in order to open the jaws. A projection is provided on one of the jaws and, in the closed state of the jaws, engages in a cut-out on the tool holder, which also brings about here the nonrotatable securing of the tool holder on the gripper.
EP 0 761 384 A1 also shows a similar gripper construction, but the jaws here are not spread via a spatially fixed stop, but rather via a driving unit provided on the gripper, in order to release the tool holder for rotational purposes.
So that the tool holders are clamped into the tool receptacle in a defined angular position, catch slots which are of differing depth or breadth or are arranged on different radii are provided on the standardized tool holders of the steep-taper or hollow tapered shank type. Sliding blocks are provided in the working spindle and, when the tool holder and working spindle are correctly aligned peripherally, engage in the catch slots. An offset of 180° can be detected here, for example, depending on the depth of engagement of the sliding block in the catch slot, as is disclosed, for example, in EP 0 681 880 A1.
If a tool holder is inserted with the aid of the above-described grippers into the tool receptacle in a defined angular position to the working spindle, then the sliding blocks find the catch slots within a very short time, which permits a very rapid tool change. Since the tools are inserted into the tool receptacle with the working spindle rotating at a low coupling speed, the release of the tool holders for rotation in the gripper takes place before the tool holder is clamped into the tool receptacle.
EP 0 249 898 A1 discloses a gripper in which no orientation means are provided in order to hold the tool holder in a defined peripheral alignment with respect to the gripper. The tool holder rests by means of an upper tapered surface of its gripper groove on an inwardly projecting web on the jaws of the gripper, so that a type of frictional connection is produced. When the tool holder is inserted into the tool receptacle, the tool holder is rotated relative to the gripper by the sliding blocks, which rub on an annular surface in which the catch slots are provided, but the friction between the gripper and the tool holder ensures that the sliding block "migrates along" the end surface until it has reached the catch slot and engages therein. Only then is the tool holder completely clamped in the tool receptacle. So that the gripper can remain on the tool holder even during operation, the gripper is now lowered downwards somewhat, so that an air gap is formed between the gripper groove and the web and the tool holder can rotate without friction in the gripper.
A drawback of the last-mentioned construction is that the tool-changing time is not defined since the tool holder is set in any desired angular position of the working spindle, which means that the search run of the sliding blocks can last for different lengths of time. In addition, depending on the level of friction between the tool holder and gripper, on the one hand, and tool holder and sliding block, on the other hand, it may take a disproportionately long amount of time until the sliding block has found the correct catch slot.
In order to shorten the tool-changing time and to ensure a defined peripheral alignment of the tool holder with respect to the working spindle, the above-discussed grippers are therefore frequently used with the orientation means, with it being a drawback there that the grippers are of mechanically complex construction.


A hand tool includes a body having first and second surfaces spaced from each other in a height direction. A marking unit is formed on the first surface and includes a groove formed in the first surface of the body. The groove includes a bottom face spaced from the first surface of the body in the height direction. An embossed character protrudes from the bottom face towards the first surface and has a stepped portion to provide a clear indication effect.

The present invention relates to a hand tool and, more particularly, to a hand tool with at least one embossed character.
Conventional hand tools, such as pliers and wrenches, generally include a handle having a marking unit in the form of recessed size-indicating letters formed on a surface thereof by pressing. Other marking units, such as marks or patterns, can also be formed on one or more surfaces of the handle by pressing for advertising purposes.
During formation of a marking unit, a surface of the handle is pressed by a die with an embossed section to create a groove in the surface of the handle while forming the marking unit in the form of letters, a pattern, or a figure. However, an area of the surface adjacent to the peripheral edge of the marking unit collapses due to pressing of the die during punching. A spacing between a bottom face of the groove and the surface of the handle is small, such that the letters, pattern, or figure can not provide a clear indication effect. Furthermore, in a case that the hand tool has to be treated (such as electroplating) after pressing, the area of the groove is small and, thus, difficult to proceed with electroplating, and dirt is liable to accumulate in the groove. Further, after a period of time of use of the hand tool, the marking unit becomes vague due to wear.
Thus, a need exists for a hand tool with a clear marking unit to mitigate and/or obviate the above disadvantages.


Vacuum devices having integrated cord storage and pivotable tool holders are disclosed. In one embodiment, a vacuum device includes a housing, an airflow propulsion device, and a power cord. The housing includes an outer surface having a recess disposed therein, the recess being sized to receive a plurality of loops of the power cord. First and second cord retainers are disposed within the recess and project outwardly from the housing, the first and second cord retainers being sized to retain the plurality of loops of the power cord. The outer surface may be a bottom surface of the apparatus. In another embodiment, the housing includes a cord mount disposed within the recess, the fixed end of the power cord being connected to the cord mount such that a localized portion of the power cord proximate the cord mount is directed approximately toward the first cord retainer. Alternately, the localized portion of the power cord may be inclined with respect to the base surface, or parallel with the base surface. In another embodiment, a vacuum apparatus includes a housing, an airflow propulsion device, and a tool holder pivotably attached to the housing proximate an outer surface thereof.

The present invention relates to cleaning devices, and more particularly, to vacuum devices having integrated cord storage and movable tool holders.
Many contemporary cleaning devices are electrically powered. Such cleaning devices include vacuums, buffers, extractors, steam cleaners, and other similar devices. The electrical power is typically supplied to the cleaning device through a power cord. When not in use, the power cord may be removed from the cleaning device, or may be wrapped about a portion of the cleaning device for transport and storage.
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a vacuum device 10 in accordance with the prior art. As is well known, the vacuum device 10 includes a housing 12 having an intake port 14 coupled to a hose 16, and an exhaust port 18. A vacuum unit 20 (not shown) is disposed within the housing 12. A power cord 22 is attached to the housing 12 for providing electrical power to the vacuum unit 20. The housing 12 includes a handle 24 for carrying the vacuum device 10. A control switch 26 is disposed in the handle 24 for controlling the power supplied to the vacuum unit 20. A pair of cord hooks 28 project outwardly from a lateral side of the housing 12 for wrapping the power cord 22 when not in use.
In use, an operator grips the handle 24 and actuates the control switch 26 to transmit power supplied by the power cord 22 to the vacuum unit 20. As will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, the vacuum unit 20 creates suction within the hose 16, drawing a particulate-laden airstream into the housing 12 through the intake port 14. The particulate-laden airstream may then pass through a removable filter element (e.g. a disposable paper bag) where particulates may be filtered from the particulate-laden airstream and captured for later disposal. The vacuum unit 20 then exhausts a filtered airstream out of the housing 12 through the exhaust port 18. After using the vacuum device 10, the operator may prepare the device for storage or transport by successively winding the power cord 22 about the cord hooks 28, placing the power cord 22 in a stowed position (FIG. 1).
The vacuum device 10 may also include a tool holder 30 attached to the housing 12. The tool holder 30 includes retaining projections 34 that may be engaged with one or more vacuum tools 32 (e.g. nozzles, brushes, etc.) to engage and retain the vacuum tools 32 until they are needed. The vacuum tools 32 may be attached to an attachment end 17 of the hose 16 for different cleaning applications.
Although highly beneficial results have been achieved, some aspects of the vacuum device 10 may be improved. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the vacuum device 10 is a hand-held device that may be used in a variety of applications. As such, it may be desirable to further optimize the portability and versatility of the vacuum device 10.
The present invention is directed to vacuum devices having integrated cord storage and pivotable tool holders. In one aspect, a vacuum apparatus includes a housing, an airflow propulsion device, and a power cord. The housing includes an outer surface having a recess disposed therein, the recess being sized to receive a plurality of loops of the power cord. First and second cord retainers are disposed within the recess and project outwardly from the housing, the first and second cord retainers being sized to retain the plurality of loops of the power cord. The outer surface may be a bottom surface of the apparatus. Because the power cord may be disposed within the recess on the bottom surface, the center of gravity of the apparatus may be lowered, thereby improving the stability of the vacuum apparatus for transport and storage.
In another aspect, the housing includes a cord mount disposed within the recess, the fixed end of the power cord being connected to the cord mount such that a localized portion of the power cord proximate the cord mount is directed approximately toward the first cord retainer. Alternately, the localized portion of the power cord may be inclined with respect to the base surface, or parallel with the base surface. In this way, bending stresses within the localized portion may be reduced or eliminated.
In another aspect, a vacuum apparatus includes a housing, an airflow propulsion device, and a tool holder pivotably attached to the housing proximate an outer surface thereof. Because the tool holder is pivotable, the versatility of the vacuum device may be improved.


The present invention discloses a liquid crystal display and a method of optical compensation thereof. Specifically, the present invention adjusts compensation values of a uniaxial positive birefringence A-Plate and a uniaxial negative birefringence C-Plate, especially a value range of retardation in a thickness direction Rth of the uniaxial negative birefringence C-Plate is controlled. By adjusting the compensation values of the above-mentioned two types of compensation films, the dark-state light leakage phenomenon is suppressed. The present invention is capable of suppressing the dark-state light leakage phenomenon at a large viewing angle effectively and increasing the contrast and clarity at a large viewing angle.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display technology, more particularly, to a liquid crystal display and a method of optical compensation thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
With the growing popularity of liquid crystal display panels, the display quality requirements for liquid crystal display panels have become increasingly demanding. Take the thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) as an example. As the observation angle of the TFT-LCD increases, the contrast of screen gradually decreases and the screen clarity also gradually decreases. This is because the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer changes as the observation angle changes. As a result, a wide viewing angle compensation film is utilized to perform compensation so that dark-state light leakage is effectively reduced to greatly improve the contrast of the screen within a certain range of viewing angle.
The general compensation principle of the compensation film is to correct phase differences generated by liquid crystal at different viewing angle. Hence, the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules is symmetrically compensated.
For different display modes for the liquid crystal display, the compensation films adopted are different. In a large-size LCD TV, the compensation film utilized is mostly for the vertical alignment (VA) display mode. During an early stage, N-TAC produced by Konica Corporation is adopted. Later, with the continuous development, products including Zeonor from Opotes Corporation, F-TAC series from Fujitsu, X-Plate from Nitto Denko, etc, are adopted.
For the same optical path difference of liquid crystal, the dark-state light leakage at a large viewing angle will differ and the contrast will also differ if the compensation value of the compensation film is different. Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, FIG. 1 is schematic diagram of an isoluminance contour after dark-state light leakage is compensated by utilizing a uniaxial positive birefringence A-Plate and a uniaxial negative birefringence C-Plate according to the prior art. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equal contrast ratio contour at any viewing angle after being compensated by utilizing the A-Plate and the C-Plate according to the prior art. Compensation values for the above-mentioned A-Plate and the C-Plate are shown in the following table:
Optical pathdifference ofPretilt angle ofA-PlateA-PlateC-Plateliquid crystalliquid crystalRoRthRth333.5 nm89°109 nm55 nm403 nm
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, it is not difficult to understand that, when the prior art A-Plate and C-Plate are adopted, their compensation values result in a severe dark-state light leakage phenomenon at a large viewing angle. The contrast at a large viewing angle becomes poor, and the range of viewing angle is small.
It is therefore very important to resolve the above-mentioned technical problems.

Liquid crystal display and method of optical compensation thereof

SHENZHEN CHINA STAR OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.


There is provided an electron emitting device, including a substrate, a pair of electrodes formed on the substrate and spaced apart from each other, a pair of electrically conductive layers formed on the electrodes, respectively, a distance between the electrically conductive layers being shorter than a distance between the electrodes, and an electron emitting layer formed between the electrically conductive layers and containing carbon and tin.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electron emitting device applicable to, for example, a display and a light exposure apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same, particularly, to a cold cathode type electron emitting device having a planar structure and a method of manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, a cold cathode type electron emitting device having a planar structure has been proposed. The device of this type, which is called a surface conduction device or a planar MIM device, includes a pair of electrodes arranged a prescribed distance apart from each other on a flat insulating substrate, a pair of conductive films formed between these electrodes, and an electron emitting layer formed on these conductive films. The particular electron emitting device, which has a simple structure as described above, is adapted for formation of an electron source array in which a large number of electron emitting devices are arranged on a single substrate.
As an application of the electron source array, a thin planar display has attracted attention. In the thin planar display, the phosphor is excited by electron so as to emit light as in a CRT. Since the energy efficiency of light emission based on the particular principle is high, it is possible to realize a spontaneous light emission type thin planar display achieving a low power consumption and exhibiting a high brightness and a high contrast by using the electron source array noted above.
An example of the planar MIM device is reported by, for instance, Bischoff et al. in "Int. J. Electronics, 1992, VOL. 73, NO. 5, 1009-1010" and "Int. J. Electronics, 1991, VOL. 70, NO. 3, 491-498". FIG. 1 is an oblique view schematically showing the construction of the device reported by Bischoff et al. The planar MIM device shown in FIG. 1 includes a pair of metal electrodes 101a and 101b formed on an insulating substrate 100, a metal film 102 providing a micro-slit between the electrodes 101a and 101b, and a deposited film 103 formed at the position of the micro-slit of the metal film 102. The reference numeral 105 shown in FIG. 1 denotes the width of the micro-slit formed in the metal film 102. The width 105 is about 0.1 μm to 10 μm.
The device having the construction described above is prepared as follows. First, a pair of planar metal electrodes 101a and 101b are formed on the insulating substrate 100. Then, the metal film 102, which is sufficiently thin compared with the electrodes 101a and 101b and is thick enough to achieve electric conduction, is formed between the electrodes 101a and 101b. Further, an electric current is allowed to flow through the electrodes 101a and 101b so as to generate Joule heat in the metal film 102. As a result, the metal film 102 is partially melted and ruptured so as to be made discontinuous. In other words, a micro-slit is formed in the metal film 102. Incidentally, the resistance between the electrodes 101a and 101b is high immediately after the conductive film is rendered discontinuous. The treatment for rendering the conductive film discontinuous by the flow of current through the conductive film is called "B-forming (Basic forming)".
Further, the resultant structure is subjected to a treatment called "A-forming (Adsorption-assisted forming)". In A-forming, a voltage not higher than 20 V is applied between the electrodes 101a and 101b in a vacuum containing hydrocarbons. As a result, the resistance between the electrodes 101a and 101b is lowered over several minutes after application of the voltage, with the result that the current flowing between the electrodes 101a and 101b is increased.
On the other hand, Pagina et al. report in, for example, "Int. J. Electronics, 1990, VOL. 69, NO. 1, 25-32" that the entire region between the electrodes 101a and 101b after the A-forming treatment is covered with a conductive film, and that the conductive film is a thin film containing carbon.
Also, Bischoff et al. report in the publications referred to previously that the light emission is observed in addition to the electron emission by supplying an electric current into the device after the A-forming treatment. It is estimated by Bischoff et al., by the analysis of the emission spectrum, that it is necessary for the material constituting the deposited film 103 to be capable of containing thermoelectrons having a temperature up to 4,000 K and for the particular material itself to be capable of being heated to temperatures exceeding 1,000 K. Such being the situation, Bischoff et al. argue that the conductive film covering the region between the electrodes 101a and 101b after the A-forming, i.e., the deposited film 103, is a graphitized carbon film.
Incidentally, the deposited film 103 is electrically divided into small regions by a single or a plurality of boundaries. The width of the boundary is not larger than the tip of the probe of a scanning tunneling microscope, i.e., not larger than scores of nanometers. Concerning the detailed construction of the boundary portion, it is pointed out by Bischoff et al. in the publications referred to previously that the boundary portion is formed of slits each having a width of scores of nanometers. On the other hand, it is pointed out by Pagina et al. in the publication referred to previously that the edge portions of two carbon-like films overlap each other in the boundary portion. However, the detailed construction of the boundary portion has not yet been clarified sufficiently.
Concerning the current-voltage characteristics, the planar MIM device described above exhibits a VCNR (Voltage Controlled Negative Resistance) characteristics as shown in FIG. 2. Also, concerning the planar MIM device, it is reported by Pagina et al. in "Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 108, 11(1988)" that the emission efficiency represented by the ratio of the emission current to the current flowing into the device, i.e., the device current, is very small, which is about 10−6.
The surface conduction device resembles the planar MIM device in construction. An example of the surface conduction device is reported in, for instance, Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 11-297192. When it comes to the manufacturing process of the surface conduction device, an electrically discontinuous portion is formed in a thin film by the process called "forming", followed by depositing a carbon-containing material on the thin film by the process called "activation" as in the manufacturing process of the planar MIM device described above. Compared with the planar MIM device described above, which exhibits the VCNR current-voltage characteristics, the surface conduction device disclosed in, for example, Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 11-297192 referred to previously exhibits monotonously increasing current-voltage characteristics as shown in FIG. 3 in place of the VCNR characteristics. Also, the emission efficiency of the surface conduction device is about 10−3, which is higher than that for the planar MIM device.
A thin type planar display utilizing the surface conduction device described above exhibits nonlinear current-voltage characteristics as shown in FIG. 3 and, thus, it is possible to obtain a sufficient dynamic range with about three figures at a voltage amplitude of about 4 V to about 5 V. For example, it suffices to change the voltage applied to one of the electrodes of the device within a range of between 0 V and +5 V with a voltage of −5 V kept applied to the other electrode.
However, in the case of performing such a control, the current leakage takes place during the nonselection, i.e., when the minimum potential difference is provided between the electrodes. It is ideal for the leakage current to be as close to zero as possible in view of the power consumption and the load on the driver IC. However, the current leakage is not necessarily suppressed sufficiently at the present stage.

Electron emitting device and method of manufacturing the same


A radio wave receiving device includes at least one magnetic drive unit and an antenna structure having a narrow core formed of magnetic material and a coil wound around the central part of the core. The device further includes two external magnetic members, each having a connecting part connected magnetically to one end part of the core. One magnetic member has a magnetism collecting part expanded in one side of the antenna structure from the connecting part to exclude the antenna structure, and the other magnetic member has a magnetism collecting part expanded in the other side of the antenna structure from the connecting part to exclude the antenna structure. These external magnetic members cover the drive unit in the both sides and shut off magnetic flux of external magnetic field from the both sides and collect magnetic flux of radio wave on the one end part of the core.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a radio wave receiving device with a magnetic drive unit and an antenna structure, and an electronic apparatus using the radio wave receiving device.
2. Description of the Related Art
As a radio wave receiving device with a magnetic drive unit and an antenna structure, a time piece module incorporated in so-called radio wave controlled time piece can be exemplified.
The radio wave controlled time piece has been already known and is configured to receive standard radio wave containing time information so as to automatically correct a current time. The radio wave controlled time piece includes a time piece case including an accommodation space at least a part of which is opened, a time piece module accommodated in the accommodation space of the time piece case through the opening, a light transmission lid which covers the opening, a partition panel disposed in the accommodation space of the time piece case so as to partition the accommodation space between the time piece module and the light transmission lid, and at least one time indicating hand which is disposed between the light transmission lid and the partition panel within the accommodation space of the time piece case and driven by the time piece module to indicate a time on the partition panel.
The time piece module is one kind of electronic apparatuses, and includes a radio wave receiving device including a motor for driving the at least one time indicating hand and an antenna structure for receiving the standard radio wave including time information. The time piece module further includes an operation control circuit part which controls the operation of the motor so as to make the at least one time indicating hand indicate a current time on the partition panel and which drives the motor based on the time information contained in the standard radio wave received by the antenna structure so as to correct the current time indicated by the time indicating hand on the partition panel. Then, the motor is one kind of magnetic drive unit which is driven by magnetic force.
The antenna structure includes a narrow core formed of magnetic material such as amorphous metal, ferrite, permalloy and the like, and a coil wound around the central portion of the core.
The motor for the time piece module is required to be operated at a high precision and the antenna structure is required to have a high receiving sensitivity. To prevent the operation of the motor from being affected by external magnetic field, the time piece module is so configured that a side facing to the opening and the other side being opposite to the opening are covered with antimagnetic plates in the accommodation space of the time piece case because magnetic flux of the external magnetic field can enters into the accommodation space of the time piece case easily through the opening and its side opposing to the opening.
However, the antimagnetic plates reduce the receiving sensitivity of the antenna structure.
A structure which not only can guarantee the accuracy of the operation of the motor but also prevents the receiving sensitivity of the antenna structure from being lowered in the time piece module having the antimagnetic plates has been disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application KOKAI Publication No. 2004-294258.
In this conventional structure, openings are formed in portions of the antimagnetic plates corresponding to the coil of the antenna structure of the time piece module.
The above-described conventional structure can prevent the receiving sensitivity of the antenna structure from lowering to some extent by using the antimagnetic plates, but a further improvement has been demanded.
The present invention has been derived under the above-described circumstances, and an object of the invention is to provide a radio wave receiving device with a magnetic drive unit and an antenna structure, which is capable of guaranteeing the precision of the operation of the magnetic drive unit against external magnetism and improving the receiving sensitivity of the antenna structure greatly more than conventional one.

Radio wave receiving device with magnetic drive unit and antenna structure and electronic apparatus using the radio wave receiving device