This invention is the method of treating an ailment associated with the cervical portion of the spine by performing an intravertebral corpectomy that includes the steps of removing the vertebral corpus to define a working channel for the surgeon to gain access to the epidural space so as to attend to and perform a procedure on the pathology. This method obviates the problems incidental to more radical cervical spine operations such as discectomy or corpectomy which requires removal of a portion of the vertebra and adjacent intervertebral discs for decompression of the cervical spinal cord and spinal nerves and using a bone graft with or without a metal plate and screws to reconstruct the spine and provide stability. Prior to terminating the surgery, the opening formed by the removed vertebral corpus is fitted and/or filled with a suitable implant.

The current state of spine surgery teaches the technique of radical intervertebral discectomy for the purpose of providing surgical access to a pathology posterior to the disc space and or vertebral body (sometimes referred to as vertebral corpus) and anterior to the spinal cord and/or nerve roots. Removal of the spinal disc (discectomy) generally requires the final step of fusing the adjacent vertebral bodies or placing an artificial disc where the patient's natural disc previously existed. Both of these final steps to the disc removal techniques are accompanied by loss of mobility, compromises to the patient's future, and the possibility of additional surgeries. It is important to point out that the current state of spine surgery requires the radical removal of two spinal discs in the performance of a single level standard corpectomy, thus requiring multilevel fusion with permanent loss of motion at two levels of the spine. What is being emphasized is the fact that following the discectomy or corpectomy procedures the affected area of the patient needs to be reconstructed which typically requires a spinal fusion. One aspect of this invention is that the procedure that will be described herein below completely eliminates the necessity of performing a spinal fusion and in addition, the implant that is utilized in this procedure is not for the purpose of the fusion of two vertebral bodies but more importantly, it is for the purpose of restoring the bone that is used in performing the inventive procedure back to its functional condition.
The spinal disc is made up of a durable exterior called the annulus fibrosis and the soft cushioning interior called the nucleus pulpous. The spinal disc along with bony supports called facets at the posterior aspect of the spine and the ligamentous structures make up the vertebral motion segment or joint. These motion segments provide support and structural stability for the body and provide the patient with normal flexibility and the anatomically correct distribution of the biomechanical loads required of the human body.
Historically, anterior spinal surgery has been performed by gaining access to the spinal nervous anatomy and pathology by creating pathways through an intervertebral disc (discectomy) or by removing two or more intervertebral discs and one or more vertebral bodies. These techniques have required intervertebral surgical fusion at one or more levels to reconstruct the spine eliminating one or more vertebral motion segments. Recently, the performance of radical discectomy in conjunction with implantation of a total artificial disc replacement has been advocated as a means of performing anterior decompression surgery without spinal fusion. Described and disclosed here is a new method of gaining surgical access that includes a step of repairably performing intravertebral corpectomy for a vertebral body while leaving the vertebral endplates, the lateral vertebral walls, and the intervertebral disc substantially intact and which avoids an intervertebral fusion or artificial disc replacement. This newly disclosed method of operation is in stark contrast to the current state of the art of the radical corpectomy/discectomy approach which is in common use today and has been for decades for multilevel or single level decompressive surgeries in which both soft tissue and bony pathology (anatomy) have been removed in such a way to result in the need for a single or multilevel fusion surgery. The corpectomy of today, prior to this disclosure, involves the irreparable removal of the vertebral body and the vertebral endplates and intervertebral discs above and below the corpectomy. The corpectomy approach in the cervical spine includes the step of placing a bone graft and eliminating the vertebral motion segments by fusing the levels undergoing surgery similar to any of today's common disc removal and fusion techniques. The unique steps of this newly disclosed procedure will, in contrast to previous and current techniques, preserve the motion segments, also referred to as a joint, made up primarily of an intervertebral disc and ligamentous structures and leave the joint in a primarily natural state. Stated directly and clearly this disclosed technique will not fuse, eliminate, or artificially attempt to mechanically replace a patient's otherwise viable joint.
Using the current state of the art, after the surgical removal of the intervertebral disc or intervertebral discs and vertebral body, the surgeon has now gained access to the region posterior to the intervertebral disc and vertebral body and access to the epidural space and may then proceed to use normally available surgical instruments to remove any tissue which is compressing the neural elements. The impact of the typical herniation, bone spur or other pathology on the patient's life is enormous, but the actual size of the tissues needing to be removed from the cervical spine is often only a few millimeters in length.
Once the pathology has been removed the surgeon must now move on to the step of reconstructing the spine where the surgically created cavity was created during the step of exposing the pathology by removing the intervertebral disc or intervertebral discs and vertebral body. This is most commonly addressed by the surgeon performing an intervertebral fusion. This type of spinal fusion is generally augmented with a stabilization procedure that utilizes a titanium plate on the anterior aspect of the spine which is affixed to the vertebral bodies above and below the location of the decompressive surgery with titanium screws.
Bone heals best after the hard exterior shell known as the cortical layer or cortical bone has been removed revealing the softer cancellous bone within the vertebral body. For this reason the surgeon usually begins the reconstruction of the surgically created spinal defect by using a high speed drilling instrument to carve away the hard cortical layer that makes up the vertebral endplates. Once bleeding cancellous bone has been exposed on the vertebral level above and below the removed disc or discs the surgeon may begin the step of preparing an implant.
Commonly used implants that help in promoting fusion are allograft bone, autograft bone and various manufactured devices including cages. Allograft is donated bone and autograft is bone taken from the patient. Allograft is usually provided from one of the nation's tissue banks and is cut from one of the bones of a cadaver specimen that has been designated as an organ donor. To meet the standards of an organ donor, the donor must have led a lifestyle deemed to not have a likelihood of transmitting disease and the cause of death must have been determined to not affect the bones.
Some surgeons feel donor bone does not heal as well as autograft bone. Also, some patients are uncomfortable with the idea of placing the bones of a deceased person into their bodies. For these reasons among others, surgeons will sometimes harvest a portion of a bone from the patient having spine surgery. The step of harvesting bone from a patient requires a separate simultaneous surgery on another area of the body to remove healthy bone. Many patients have reported that the harvesting of healthy bone from their bodies creates as much or more short, medium, and long term pain as the spinal surgery itself causes.
The next surgical step is to cut or machine the bone selected by the patient and surgeon to be used as an implant into a shape and size similar to the void created in the steps of removing the intervertebral disc or intervertebral discs and vertebral body and cutting away the adjoining vertebral endplates' cortical shells.
This shaping step is done in the operating room, usually by the attending surgeon using grinding or cutting tools. This is a critical step in the rebuilding process as an implant too deep could compress and injure the spinal cord. If the implant is too short it will not have proper contact with the bleeding cortical bone and will have undo motion not allowing for proper healing (union or fusion) which will likely prompt additional surgeries to repair the non union. If an implant is too tall, the spine can be over distracted potentially resulting in pain and structural instability. The combination of the intraoperatively shaped and cut vertebral cortical endplates and the custom formed bone implant are often referred to as parts of a construct.
In an additional effort to avoid post operative deformation of the spine and in a step to decrease the chances of the bone implant migrating to an undesirable location as well as for other reasons, another implant is usually added to the construct. This implant is typically called a cervical plate.
A cervical plate is most often made of titanium and is accompanied by screws of the same material. This plate is affixed to the anterior aspect of the spine by placing screws through the plate and into the vertebrae above and below the surgically created defect. Sometimes after the patient heals, another surgery is performed to remove the plate. Post operative complications including screw breakage, screw back out, screw displacement, plate breakage, plate migration, to and other complications, can necessitate the removal of the spinal instrumentation. Other times the patient is reluctant to undergo additional surgeries and the plate is left in place.
The disadvantages of the removal of the intervertebral disc or intervertebral discs and vertebral body, and the following intervertebral fusion, by the placement of intervertebral fusion devices are many. Several of these disadvantages can lead to additional surgeries. A fused vertebral motion segment eliminates any movement the patient had previously at that level. This elimination of movement can lead to sore muscles, a reduction in normal activities and additional loading at the adjacent vertebral levels. This additional loading can cause adjacent intervertebral discs to prematurely collapse or wear out. The collapse of adjacent levels can require additional spinal fusions at those now affected levels.
The risk of adjacent level disc disease is great enough that often times a surgeon will suggest going ahead and fusing several levels of the spine during the first surgery if some of the adjacent levels look questionable, as it is possible that the adjacent asymptomatic levels will become symptomatic under the new postoperative conditions.
These costs, risks and unintended consequences are common enough and are thoroughly recognized to the point that many attempts have been made to find substitutes to the fusion procedure.
One of the latest attempts and possibly the most expensive is the artificial disc. Several companies have introduced or conducted clinical trials on various designs of artificial discs. Some are experimenting with augmenting or supplementing the disc, others are experimenting and trialing various designs of partial or complete artificial discs.
The placement of an artificial disc still requires the complete removal of the intervertebral disc to gain access to the surgical target. With the intervertebral disc removed a normal biologically and anatomically intact vertebral joint or motion segment postoperatively is not possible.
Artificial discs have only been available clinically for a short time and many of the pending designs are not yet complete. Therefore, the long term outcomes and potential problems with these devices are still an unknown. Some experts feel the artificial disc or supplemented disc will provide at a minimum an alternative to the definitive and generally considered non beneficial intervertebral union or fusion. Many of those experts also feel the likely result will be additional surgeries down the road for the patient as the artificial discs and or augmented discs wear out. Others also state that the changes provided by the artificial disc will alter the anatomical loading of the posterior facet joints leading to arthritis.
In accordance with this invention, after the surgeon has performed an incision in the skin of the patient in proximity to the pathology, the surgeon will next remove either mechanically with the use of a high speed bone dissecting instrument or by other means, such as using a laser or other instrument, the corpous portion of the vertebrae leaving but a shell defined by the lateral walls and end plates of the bone. The portion of the bone being removed preferably is beginning anteriorly or anterolaterally and extending inwardly toward the anterior or anterolateral epidural space and proximal to the dura.
The opening associated with this intravertebral corpectomy serves two alternate purposes. 1) The removal of the bone if in proximity to the pathology can in the process of removal also remove the pathology, or 2) it provides a space that allows the surgeon to perform a surgical procedure that is directed to remove the pathology or treat the surgical target. In either process, the intravertebral corpectomy allows the procedure for removing or treating the pathology without the necessity of providing an intervertebral fusion. Obviously, the elimination of the fusion, provides to the patient the mobility that was evidenced before the operation occurred. Hence, the intravertebral corpectomy affords a medical procedure that obviates the fusion required when other types of medical procedures, like discectomy or cervical corpectomy, are performed.

Method for performing a surgical operation on the cervical portion of the spine


A heat sink for dissipating a thermal load is disclosed that includes one or more heat sink bases configured around a central axis of the heat sink so as to define an interior space, at least one heat sink base receiving the thermal load, a thermal transport connected to the at least one heat sink base receiving the thermal load so as to distribute the thermal load in the heat sink, and heat-dissipating fins connected to each heat sink base, the heat-dissipating fins extending from each heat sink base into the interior space of the heat sink, each heat-dissipating fin shaped according to the location of the heat-dissipating fin with respect to the location of the thermal load and the location of the distributed thermal load in the heat sink.

1. Field of the Invention
The field of the invention is heat sinks for dissipating a thermal load.
2. Description of Related Art
The development of the EDVAC computer system of 1948 is often cited as the beginning of the computer era. Since that time, users have relied on computer systems to simplify the process of information management. Today's computer systems are much more sophisticated than early systems such as the EDVAC. Such modern computer systems deliver powerful computing resources to provide a wide range of information management capabilities through the use of computer software such as database management systems, word processors, spreadsheets, client/server applications, web services, and so on.
In order to deliver powerful computing resources, computer architects must design powerful computer processors. Current computer processors, for example, are capable of executing billions of computer program instructions per second. Operating these computer processors requires a significant amount of power, and often such processors can consume over 100 watts. Consuming significant amounts of power generates a considerable amount of heat. Unless the heat is removed, heat generated by a computer processor may degrade or destroy the processor's functionality.
To prevent the degradation or destruction of a computer processor, a computer architect may remove heat from the processor by using heat sinks. Current heat sinks, however, only provide one or two cooling surfaces with attached fins for dissipating the heat absorbed by the heat sinks. Such heat sinks are often unable to remove the heat necessary to prevent damage to today's computer processors because physical limitations of the enclosure containing the processor may prevent a system designer from designing cooling surface large enough or fins tall enough to dissipate the required amount of heat from the processor. In addition, physical limitations of the enclosure for the processor often prevent the system architect from centrally locating a computer processor under a heat sink for even distribution of the heat generated by the processor. Because the heat source is not centrally located at the heat sink, a computer architect must design a larger heat sink to remove the same amount of heat had the processor been centrally located under the heat sink. Combining a fan with a heat sink may improve the ability to remove heat from the computer processor, but often a computer architect is unable to implement such a combination because combining a fan with the heat sink only increases the physical space required inside the enclosure containing the processor.

Heat sink for dissipating a thermal load

International Business Machines Corporation


Embodiments of the invention provide an array substrate, a display panel and a display device. The array substrate comprises: a plurality of data lines extending in a first direction, a counter substrate region, a plurality of data pad regions and a data repair line extending in a second direction. The counter substrate region is a projection region of a counter substrate on the array substrate after the counter substrate and the array substrate are bonded together. One end of several data lines is disposed in one data pad region, and the plurality of data pad regions are disposed on one side of the array substrate and positioned outside the counter substrate region. The data repair line is provided inside the counter substrate region, along an edge of the counter substrate region and is proximate to the plurality of data pad regions.

At present, as for a display device such as TFT-LCD, a repair method as shown in FIG. 1 is generally used to repair a broken data line 1. By using lasers, one end of the broken data line 1 is welded together with a lateral data repair line 21, the other end thereof is welded together with an outer annular repair line 22 or an inner annular repair line 23, and then a cutting process is performed at corresponding positions on the data repair line 21. In this way, both ends of the broken data line 1 are connected with each other and the broken data line 1 is repaired. In FIG. 1, the sign "x" on the data line 1 represents a broken point, the sign "•" represents a laser welding point, and the sign "/" represents a laser cutting point and the dotted lines represent portions of the outer annular repair line 22 and the inner annular repair line 23 that are provided outside the panel.
However, as the lateral data line 21 is disposed in the proximity of an upper side edge of a pixel region 3, only the broken data line with the broken point inside the pixel region 3 can be repaired. If the broken point of the broken data line is located outside the pixel region 3, specifically, if the broken point of the broken date line is located at a position outside the pixel region 3 and far away from the upper side edge of the pixel region 3, the broken date line can not be repaired.

Array substrate, display panel and display device

HEFEI BOE OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


A semiconductor memory device includes memory cell arrays, word lines, sub-sense lines, main sense line, row decoders, column decoders, first switch elements, read circuit, and write circuit. Each memory cell array has a matrix of memory cells including magnetoresistive elements. Each magnetoresistive element has first and second magnetic layers and a first insulating layer formed between the first and second magnetic layers. The word line is connected to the first magnetic layers on each row. The sub-sense line is connected to the second magnetic layers on each column. The main sense line is connected to each sub-sense line. The row decoder and column decoder select a word line and sub-sense line. The first switch element connects the sub-sense line selected by the column decoder to the main sense line. The read circuit reads out data from a memory cell. The write circuit writes data in a memory cell.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor memory device and, more particularly, to the cell array structure of an MRAM (Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory).
2. Description of the Related Art
An MRAM is a device which performs memory operations by storing "1"- or "0"-information using the magnetoresistive effect, and is expected as a rewritable memory device which exhibits nonvolatility, high integration, high reliability, and high-speed operation as compared with conventional DRAMs, EEPROMs, and the like.
As an MRAM cell, the use of a GRM (Giant MagnetoResistive) element using a multilayer metal magnetic film/insulating film and a change in magnetoresistance due to a spin-polarized tunnel effect or a TMR (Tunneling MagnetoResistive) element has been proposed. A TMR element has an insulating film sandwiched between two magnetic films. This structure can create two states, i.e., a state where the directions of the spins of the two magnetic films are parallel to each other, and a state where the directions of the spins are antiparallel to each other. When the directions of spins become parallel to each other, the tunnel current flowing through the thin insulating film interposed between the two magnetic films increases, and the resistance value of the TMR element decreases. In contrast to this, if the directions of spins become antiparallel to each other, the tunnel current decreases, and the resistance value of the TMR element increases. "0"-data and "1"-data can be discriminated from each other in accordance with the magnitude of this resistance value.
The structure of an MRAM using the above TMR element as a memory cell is disclosed in Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication No. 2000-163950. FIG. 1A shows the arrangement of the MRAM disclosed in this reference.
As shown in FIG. 1A, in the MRAM cell array, (m×4) MRAM cells MC11 to MCm4 are arranged in the form of a matrix at the intersections of a plurality of word lines WL1 to WLm (m: integer) and sense lines SL1 to SL4 perpendicular to the word lines WL1 to WLm. One of the magnetic films of each of the MRAM cells MC11 to MCm4 is connected to one of the word lines WL1 to WLm, and the other magnetic film is connected to one of the sense lines SL1 to SL4. One end of each of the sense lines SL1 to SL4 is connected to ground potential via a corresponding one of ground switches S401 to S404, the other end of each sense line is connected to a corresponding one of read/write sections 100-1 to 100-4.
Each of the read/write sections 100-1 to 100-4 includes a write switch S500, read switch S600, write current source 110, and sense circuit 120. The write current source 110 and sense circuit 120 are connected to the respective sense lines SL1 to SL4 via the write switch S500 and read switch S600. The sense circuit 120 has an operational amplifier 130 and a current/voltage converter (resistive element) 140. The operational amplifier 130 has a noninverting input terminal connected to ground potential, an inverting input terminal connected to one of the sense lines SL1 to SL4 via the read switch S600, and an output terminal. The resistive element 140 has one end connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 130 and the other end connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier 130.
The read operation of the MRAM having the above arrangement will be described next by exemplifying a case where data is read out from the MRAM cell MC14. First of all, a voltage Vread is applied to the word line WL1 to which the selected cell MC14 is connected. In addition, the ground switch S404 connected to the sense line SL4 to which the selected cell MC14 is connected is turned off, and the remaining ground switches S401 to S403 are turned on. Furthermore, the write switch S500 in the read/write section 100-4 is turned off, and the read switch S600 is turned on. The voltage Vread is then applied to the word line WL1. As a result, a read current Iread flows through the selected cell MC14. This read current Iread flows into the operational amplifier 130 via the sense line SL4 and read switch S600. The current Iread is converted into a voltage by the resistive element 140. This voltage is then output as a read voltage Vout from the output terminal of the operational amplifier 130.
According to the above read method, the read precision can be improved by eliminating the influence of parasitic impedance existing in the selected sense line SL4. This point will be described with reference to FIG. 1B. FIG. 1B is a circuit diagram showing a parasitic impedance network existing in the selected sense line SL4 in reading data from the MRAM cell MC14.
As shown in FIG. 1B, when data is read out from the selected cell MC14, parasitic impedance networks 150 and 160-1 to 160-m exist in parallel with the selected cell MC14. The parasitic impedance network 150 is a parallel circuit of the memory cell impedances of the MRAM cells MC11 to MC13 connected to the selected word line WL1. In addition, the parasitic impedance networks 160-1 to 160-n (n=m−1) are connected in series with the parallel circuit of the memory cell impedances of the MRAM cells MC24 to MCm4 connected to the selected sense line SL4 and the memory cell impedances of the MRAM cells MC21 to MC23, MC31 to MC33, MC41 to MC43, . . . , MCm2 to MCm3 connected to the unselected word lines WL2 to WLm to which the respective MRAM cells MC24 to MCm4 are connected.
According to the above read method, the selected sense line SL4 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. Therefore, the selected sense line SL4 is virtually grounded. In addition, all the unselected sense lines SL1 to SL3 are grounded. Therefore, the influences of parasitic impedances produced by unselected cells can be eliminated, and the information written in the selected cell can be accurately read out.
According to the conventional MRAM, however, as the number of memory cells connected in parallel with each other increases, currents flowing to parasitic impedances increase in the early stage of sense operation, resulting in an increase in current consumption. As the currents flowing to the parasitic impedances increase, the amount of current flowing into the operational amplifier decreases. That is, a read signal decreases. As a consequence, it takes a longer period of time to stabilize the output of the operational amplifier by virtually grounding a bit line after the operational amplifier is started. Consequently, the data read rate decreases, and the data read precision deteriorates. This may make it difficult to increase the number of memory cells, i.e., the integration degree of an MRAM.

Semiconductor memory device using magnetoresistive effect


An apparatus for assembling EJB components is provided. The apparatus includes a composite palette for browsing and managing the EJB components, and an architecture diagram editor module for dragging and dropping the EJB components shown in the composite palette or new component and connector icons to visually generate the architecture based on the C2 style. The apparatus further includes a component property editor module for describing properties and specifications of the EJB components in an architecture, and a glue code and composite EJB generator module for generating composite EJB component code and related glue code.

In the field of Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE), the term 'system development' implies to assemble existing software components rather than to create a new system from scratch. Various efforts have been made to develop component models such as EJB, DCOM/COM+ and CCM for facilitating the reuse of existing components, and to develop an Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) technique in order to support an infrastructure for the integration of heterogeneous legacy applications.
As a component model of a server side, EJB was developed with the intention to reuse existing EJB components on various platforms without a code modification and a re-compiling process.
However, it is very difficult to assemble various EJB components provided by third-parties using a plug-and-play style for the following reasons. Firstly, since a component model has a wide variety of vendor specific methods for implementing an infrastructure or middleware, it is difficult to assemble the components generated based on different infrastructures or middleware with the plug-and-play style. Secondly, since a direct invocation of a method is required for interactions between EJB components provided by third parties, the method of a component should be invoked at a client level where the component is reused.
In order to solve the first problem stated above in assembling the EJB components, the Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) technique has been suggested. The EAI technique intends to integrate legacy systems into an enterprise system. However, since the system integration techniques developed by various vendors are different from each other, systems cannot be integrated unless the integration technique of a single vendor is employed. In other words, the component models and enterprise integration techniques suggested so far for the purpose of allowing the various components to be assembled and reused regardless of implementations of the components, have a critical defect in that they are dependent upon the vendors that develop the infrastructure and middleware for supporting the models. Unless EJB vendors keep standards of EJB specifications, this problem cannot be solved. In addition, the plug-and-play assembly of the EJB components, and the flexible reconfiguration of a system model built by the assembly process, are very difficult since methods have to be directly invoked for the interactions between the EJB components. In order to solve the second problem, a component assembly method capable of visually assembling and flexibly reconstructing the EJB components.
There has been suggested an architecture-based assembly process where the existing EJB components are assembled to form a high-level architecture. A well-defined architecture for a target system indicates how the system is organized and functions at a high-level. Services that will be provided by the assembled system can be abstractly expressed. Further, the well-defined architecture can be used to analyze, refine, test and add functions of the software system to be developed. Accordingly, if the EJB components are assembled based on the architecture, the EJB components can be exactly connected and operated through the modeling, analyzing and refining process of the architecture. In addition, the architecture can be used as a large-grained component which performs larger functions, and be also used as a unit application system with a client program.
An architecture based approach of generating a well-defined system by analyzing a target system at a higher level has not been much used for building a software system through assembling the existing EJB components in large-scale business. Though previous research work described in D. S. Rosenblum and R. Natarajan, "Supporting architectural concerns in component interoperability standards," IEEE Processings: Software, Vol 147, No. 6, pp 215 to 223, has attempted to create the architecture based software, the 'ARABICA' developed therein as an architecture modeling tool capable of assembling JavaBeans components has a limit in that the JavaBeans component model is not a server-side model but a client side model for reuse of Graphic User Interface (GUI) components.
The assembly of GUI components is less useful than the assembly of server-side components used in business domains. Further, the editing process supported by the ARABICA cannot provide users with the plug-and-play assembly for the server-side EJB components.
Further, since the ARABICA does not generate implementation code, though it builds the model of a system architecture composed of JavaBeans components, the system architecture cannot be reused as a new component.
As a result, a plug-and-play assembly technique of server-side EJB components frequently used in the business environment is required. The generation of composite EJB is also required for reuse of the assembled EJB components.

Method and apparatus for assembling Enterprise JavaBeans components

Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute


An adapter for high frequency signal transmission includes in one embodiment a cylinder having a staged bore; a central transmission rod including an intermediate toothed ring, first and second ports at both ends, and a tapered portion formed around the first port. A first block is fitted in one portion of the bore. A second block is fitted in another portion of the bore and includes a metal ring having a toothed member secured onto the second block. A vacuum is created by the block, the second block, the toothed ring, and the bore. In alternate embodiments, both the first and second ports are male ports, both the first and second ports are female ports, the first port is a female port and the second port is a male port, or the first port is a male port and the second port is a female port.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to adapters and, more particularly, to a connector shaped adapter for high frequency signal transmission with improved characteristics.
2. Related Art
A conventional adapter 10 for interconnecting, for example, a connector 70 of a testing instrument and a connector 70 of a device (e.g., mobile phone) to be tested is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Within the cylindrical adapter 10, there are provided a central transmission rod 20 and a plastic ring 30 formed between the transmission rod 20 and an inner surface of the adapter 10. The transmission rod 20 is, thus, fastened by the ring 30. However, its manufacturing process is time consuming and cost ineffective.
Another conventional adapter 40 of such type is shown in FIG. 3. Front and rear cylindrical sections 50 are formed of polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), such as sold under the trademark TEFLON, and within an inner surface of the adapter 40. A central transmission rod 60 passes through the PTFE sections 50 and is, thus, fastened by the PTFE sections 50. However, the insulative PTFE sections 50 may absorb signals transmitted along the transmission rod 60, resulting in a decrease of the transmission efficiency. For increasing the transmission efficiency (e.g. wireless transmission), it is possible to increase power. However, a power increase may threaten health of nearby people due to electromagnetic radiation. Thus, a need for improvement exists.

Adapter for high frequency signal transmission


A process for producing a trivalent metal ion compound is provided. The process combines a trivalent metal organo-oxide M-(OR1)3 with a dione

Trivalent metal ions are important components in a variety of materials requiring a high degree of purity. Representative of these materials are ceramo-optical materials such as terbium aluminum garnet, yttrium aluminum garnet and other trivalent rare earth aluminum garnets; gallium arsenide semiconductors, conductive nickel coatings such as indium oxides (ITO) and rare earth doped phosphors.
Many materials produced to date have not attained the desired properties predicted by theory owing to impurity levels within the material. These impurities manifest themselves as a decrease in material transparency, Verdet constant, K; semiconductor carrier density; semiconductor carrier mobility; and phosphor emission quench rates. These impurities are often traced to contaminants associated with trivalent metal compounds.
Thus, there exists a need for a process to produce a high purity trivalent metal compound that reduces impurity loading within the resultant compound. There also exists a need for a trivalent metal compound of high purity amenable to the fabrication of ceramo-optics, semiconductors and other materials that benefit from high precursor purity.

High purity metal acetylacetonate compound

Abstract: under reaction conditions to yield a reaction product

Abstract: where R1 in each occurrence independently is a C1-C8 alkyl, C6-C12 cycloalkyl, or C6-C14 aryl; R2 in each occurrence independently is H, C1-C8 alkyl, C6-C12 cycloalkyl, or C6-C14 aryl; M is a trivalent main group or lanthanide metal ion of Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Zr, or Lu, and n is 3 with the proviso that when M is Zr n is 4. The reaction product has impurity levels of the order of tens of parts per million by weight when formed from reagent grade M-(OR1)3. The reaction product is isolated and freeze-dried without need for washing to preclude wash solution contamination.


A rigid-flexible circuit board includes at least one flexible circuit board and at least one rigid circuit board. The flexible circuit board includes a flexible-board substrate, a plurality of flexible circuit board differential mode signal lines, at least one flexible circuit board grounding line, a flexible circuit board insulation layer formed on the upper surface of the flexible-board substrate and covering the flexible circuit board differential mode signal lines and the flexible circuit board grounding line. The rigid circuit board is stacked on the stacking section of the flexible circuit board. A shielding layer is formed on the flexible circuit board insulation layer of the flexible circuit board and corresponds to the extension section of the flexible circuit board. The shielding layer further extends from the extension section to the stacking section. An impedance control structure is formed on the shielding layer to control the impedance of the flexible circuit board differential mode signal lines.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a rigid-flexible circuit board, and in particular to a rigid-flexible circuit board including an impedance control structure.
2. The Related Arts
The vigorous progress of electronic industry makes printed circuit boards playing an important role in taking the place of the conventional ways of arranging flat cables. Further, the development of a flexible printed circuit (FPC) brings a significant upgrade of the electronic industry. The FPC is a technique that a flexible copper foil based substrate is subjected to processing to have wiring directly laid on the substrate. The industry is now continuously devoting themselves to researches and developments of circuit capacity that can be adopted for miniaturization, weight reduction, and dense integration of electronic components of electronic and electrical appliances by increasing the layers of a printed circuit board to form a multilayer printed circuit board for greatly expanding the area for wire laying. Various devices, such as mobile phones, notebook computers, and satellite navigation systems, have already adopted the technology of multilayer circuit board.
The printed circuit boards and the flexible printed circuit boards each have their own advantages and characteristics and different types of circuit boards are generally used in different applications. Due to the increasingly emergence of new and diversified electronic products in the market, the conventionally used simple printed circuit boards or flexible printed circuit boards are generally incapable to satisfy the emerging needs. Thus, a compound circuit board or a rigid-flexible circuit board is available for such needs.

Rigid flexible circuit board with impedance control


The use of novel methanoazulenofuran and methanoazulenone compounds for use as fragrance chemicals, suitable for use incorporated in a wide variety of products such as perfumes, colognes and personal care products having a structure

There is an ongoing need in the fragrance and flavor industry to provide new chemicals to give perfumers and other persons ability to create new fragrances for perfumes, colognes and personal care products. Although numerous fragrance chemicals are known and commercially available, there is an ongoing and unmet need for new fragrance chemicals in order to create new fragrances with different notes and qualities.

Methanoazuenofurans and methanoazulenone compounds and uses of these compounds as fragrance materials

Abstract: wherein R is ═O, X is selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, C2H5, and CH2CH═CH2;        or wherein R forms a fused ring

Abstract: with the ring carbon at the X position, X is absent; and                Y and Z are selected from the group consisting of H and CH3.


The jacket has flexible front and rear walls which are connected together along the bottom and one side of the jacket, but which are separable from each other along the top and other side of the jacket to enable a document to be inserted between, or to be removed from between the front and rear walls. The rear wall has secured to the back thereof two, flexible magnetic strips for removably securing the upper and lower ends of the back wall against the face of a ferrous metal panel. The front wall, which is transparent extends slightly beyond the back wall adjacent the top and other side of the jacket and has secured to the back thereof along its upper edge another flexible magnetic strip which releasably engages the face of the supporting panel to hold the jacket closed when mounted on the panel.

This invention relates to a flexible document supporting jacket, and more particularly to such a jacket which is transparent, and has thereon magnetized strips for releasably mounting the jacket on a face of a metal display board or the like. More particularly this invention relates to a document supporting jacket of the type described in which a portion of one side of the jacket is removably secured to a registering portion of the other side of the jacket by means of a magnetized strip.
It has long been desirable in business and industrial settings to be able to display rather large, rectangular documents for examination by interested parties in various locations, for example in offices, and even on factory floors, where Cad Cam drawings and the like frequently are produced and modified during the development of a product. In the case of office displays, bar charts, line charts and the like also must be displayed and frequently also are subjected to various changes. For that reason, therefore, there is a need not only to provide means for readily and easily displaying such items, but also such display means must be designed so that the displayed items not only can be readily observed and protected from damage, but also must be such that the displayed item can be quickly removed for updating or replacement.
Heretofore it has been customary for certain items to be releasably mounted on the face of a ferrous metal object, as suggested for example in U.S. Pat. No. 4,258,493. In one embodiment this patent teaches the use of a magnetic strip, which is secured to the upper end of a document-holding envelope to hold the envelope on the face of a ferrous metal surface. U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,209 discloses a document-holding folio or notebook the front and back covers of which have secured thereon two elongate magnetic strips for releasably securing a stack of documents or papers in the notebook. When the front and back covers are closed the two magnetic strips overlie opposite sides of the stack of documents adjacent one edge there so that the stack is secured releasably between the magnetic strips.
Also, U.S. Pat. No. 4,255,837 suggests the use of supporting a clear, plastic pouch or bag on the face of a ferrous surface by means of two magnetic strips of foil which are folded over the upper end of the bag so that the confronting faces of the foils are magnetically clamped to each other over the upper end of the bag, while one of the foils in turn is employed to secure the assembly magnetically to the face of a ferrous board, or the like. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,274,293 a document holder includes two overlapping portions connected together along two intersecting edges and being separable from each other along the other two intersecting edges so that one portion of the holder can be separated from the other to enable the insertion into the holder of a flexible, magnetized sheet of material, which can be fixed in the holder or can be removable relative to the holder. However the magnetized sheet is designed to completely fill the interior of the holder and is not designed releasably to hold the folder in a closed position.
It is an object of this invention, therefore, to provide an improved document supporting jacket of the type described which has a transparent face for readily displaying any document mounted therein, and which jacket is disposed to be mounted removably on the face of a metal display board, or the like, by means of magnetized strips carried by the back of the jacket, and with a third magnetic strip employed holding the jacket closed.
Still another object of this invention is to provide an improved document supporting jacket of the type described in which two, rectangularly shaped layers of transparent material are seamed together along the registering, lower edges thereof, and along registering edges forming one side of the resulting jacket, but are releasably secured together along their remaining edges so that a portion of the front layer of the jacket can be releasably secured by a magnetic strip over a registering portion of the back layer of the jacket when the jacket is mounted by two other magnetic strips on the face of a ferrous metal display board, or the like.
Other objects of the invention will be apparent hereinafter from the specification and from the recital of the appended claims, particularly when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Flexible document supporting jacket with magnetized mounting strips


When an image subjected to color conversion processing is to be previewed on a monitor (217), image data are supplied from a synthesis unit (206) to an image memory unit (217). When an image subjected to paint or free color processing in an edit circuit (213) or an image synthesized by the synthesis unit (206) is to be previewed, an inverse LOG table for converting C, M, Y, and K image data into R, G, and B image data is set in a gamma correction unit (214), and image data are supplied from an edge emphasis unit (215) to the image memory unit (217). Therefore, a storage means can be used by methods suitable for both the image forming mode and the monitor display mode.

The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus and method, and more particularly, to an image processing apparatus and method, which store image data in an image memory.
In recent years, the image quality and functions of digital copying machines have improved, and user's demands have been met in terms of color tones of an output image and its edit processing. In this situation, in order to obtain a desired output image, copying machines having a so-called preview function, which allows a user to confirm an image displayed on, e.g., a CRT in place of repetitively outputting an image onto a recording paper sheet, have become commercially available. In some of these machines, a read original image is displayed and confirmed using a monochrome liquid crystal display. However, in order to confirm the color tones of an output image in a color copying machine, a full-color display preview system is preferable.
On the other hand, in a digital color copying machine, a requirement for high-speed processing is strong, and in order to meet this requirement, a digital color copying machine which comprises four photosensitive drums and Y, M, C, and K developers in correspondence with these drums, has been proposed. In such machine, an image memory for compensating for spatial offsets between adjacent photosensitive drums is indispensable, and in order to realize higher-grade image processing, a full-page image memory is preferably arranged.
However, the above-mentioned prior art suffers the following problems. That is, when image data stored in the full-page image memory is subjected to processing equivalent to image processing of the copying machine main body in a software manner, and the processed data is displayed on a color monitor, a preview system can be constituted without largely modifying the hardware arrangement. However, when the copying machine main body has a large number of complex edit functions, the scale of a software program for the preview image processing increases, and its calculation amount also increases. In order to shorten the time required for forming a preview image, a high-speed hardware arrangement must be adopted, resulting in an increase in cost.


Novel hindered amine light stabilizers of the formula

This invention relates to a process for the preparation of novel Vinylic Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS) having general formula (I):
wherein:
R1 is C1 to C8: alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl phenyl, hydroxy alkyl (all linear and branched), allyl, acyl, cycloalkyl (cyclopentyl, cyclohoxyl or cumyl: linear and branched); R2 is hydrogen or methyl, R3 is Vinyl, C1-C4 vinyl alkyl [H2Cxe2x95x90C(R4)C1-C4], R4 is H, C1-C4 alkyl or alkyl phenyl and R5 is H or C1-C4 alkyl, X is O, NH, C1-C8 linear or branched chain or alkylamino.
Monomeric hindered amine light stabilizers are gaining much more importance to stabilize the polyolefins and diene elastomers. Natural and synthetic polymers in common use are susceptible to photo-oxidative degradation upon exposure to natural and artificial weathering. The deterioration of these polymeric materials is mainly due to the UV portion of sunlight reaching the earth surface. The net result of degradation is the loss in the Molecular weight and macroscopic physical properties. Polyolefins and unsaturated synthetic elastomers, being highly sensitive to oxidation, require the addition of stabilizers to provide protection during processing, storage and end-use. The low Molecular weight stabilizers are easily lost from the polymer through evaporation, migration and extraction but, the compatible and mobile stabilizers usually give the best protection. In order to avoid this loss polymer-bound and polymeric stabilizers have been devised. Moreover, since the degradation of a polymer commences from the surface and slowly proceeds into the matrix of the polymeric substrate, the stabilizers are therefore expected to be most potent if they are concentrated at the surface. Therefore, they should be anchored covalently to the polymer surface. Monomeric light stabilizers thus prove to be the best choice to attain the desired photostability.
A discrete literature on the synthesis of the vinylic derivatives of HALS is available; some of these methods are quite trivial and employ complex routes using expensive reagents. Following patents and literature: DE 2950067 (January 1981); DE 2642446 (March 1978); F. E. Karrer, Markromol. Chem. 181, 595 (German) 1980, N. S. Prostakov, A. V. Varlomov and G. A. Vasilev, Khim., Geterotsikl. Soedin., 6, 787 (Russian) 1977, JP 53015385 (February 1978); D. V. Sokolov, M. N. Akimova, K. D. Praliev, V. M. Kurilenko, Zh. N. Khlienko and K. M. Moiseeva, Khim.Farm. Zh. 11, 47 (Russian) 1977; P. Hrdlovic and S. Chmela, Int. J. Polym. Mater., 13, 245 (1990); J. Pan, Z. Yang, L. Tong, W. Lau, W. Y. Wayne and C. S. Lee, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 44, 85, 1994; disclose the preparation and the mechanism of application of HALS derivatives.
Some of the authors have reported vinylic derivatives of HALS as polymerizable light stabilizers wherein, the vinyl group is attached to the hindered nitrogen atom. One of the vinylic derivative of HALS having formula
is disclosed in the patent EP 24999145 A1 (December 1987). Upon UV irradiation under atmospheric condition; the hindered nitrogen bearing the vinyl group gets converted into nitroxyl radical (Nxe2x80x94O*).
As a result of which the hindered amine moiety gets detached from the covalently bonded vinyl group attached to the surface and is thus prone to be lost due to leaching/extraction/evaporation (shown in the Scheme 1), making it inefficient, The objective of the present invention is therefore, to provide a process for the preparation of novel vinylic HALS, which can the firmly bound to the polymer surface. Moreover, this class of monomeric HALS are known to be compatible with polyolefins, polystyrene and diene elastomers and can even be co-polymerized in a desired proportion to obtain xe2x80x98in chainxe2x80x99 and xe2x80x98chain endxe2x80x99 radical scavengers.
According to the present invention a process for preparation of the said HALS of formula 1, which comprises refluxing the solution of compound having general formula (II)
wherein R1 is hydrogen (H), R2 is hydrogen and methyl, R3 is H, C1-C4 alkyl, X is OH, NH2, C1-C8 alkylhydroxy and alkylamino (linear or branched) an organic solvent containing an carbonyl compound having general formula (III)
wherein: R1xe2x95x90R2xe2x95x90H, C1 to C8: alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl phenyl, hydroxy alkyl (linear and branched), allyl, cycloalkyl (cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cumyl: linear and branched) in an organic acid for 4-6 hrs, followed by adjusting the pH of the refluxed reaction mixture to 7.0 to 9.0, extracting in an organic solvent and removing the solvent to obtain the compound having formula (IV)
wherein: R1 is C1 to C8: alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl phenyl, hydroxy alkyl (linear and branched), allyl, acyl, cycloalkyl (cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cumyl: linear and branched); R2 is hydrogen and methyl, R3 is H, C1-C4 alkyl, X is OH, NH2, C1-C8 alkylhydroxy and alkylamino(linear or branched. Reacting the mixture of a catalyst with a compound having formula (IV) in a dry organic solvent in an inert atmosphere adding an organic base under continuous stirring, adding a compound having a general formula (V)
wherein R is H, C1-C4 alkyl or alkyl phenyl, under stirring and continuing the stirring for a further period of 8 to 12 hrs, quenching with water at a temperature ranging between 0 to 4xc2x0 C., extracting in an organic solvent, neutralizing the solvent fraction with an inorganic base, evaporating the solvent to obtain the final product. In one of the embodiments of the present invention, the organic acid used for preparing the solution of the compound having formula (II) is selected from formic acid, acetic acid and propanoic acid.
Accordingly the invention provides a process for the preparation of Vinylic Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers having formula
(I) which comprises refluxing the solution of compound of general formula (II),
(II) in an organic solvent containing carbonyl compound of formula (III) for 4-6 hrs, adjusting the pH of the refluxed reaction mixture to 7.0 to 9.0, extracting the reaction product in an organic solvent, removing the solvent to obtain the compound having formula (IV) reacting the above compound of formula (IV) with a catalyst in a dry organic solvent in an inert atmosphere, adding an organic base to the above reaction mixture under continuous stirring, along with a compound having a general formula (V) under stirring and continuing the stirring for a further period of 8 to 12 hrs, quenching the above reaction with water at a temperature ranging between 0 to 4xc2x0 C., extracting the resultant compound in an organic solvent, neutralizing the solvent fraction with an inorganic base and evaporating the solvent to obtain the final product having formula (I).
In other embodiment of the invention the organic acid used for preparing the solution of the compound having formula (II) is selected from formic acid, acetic acid and propanoic acid.
In one of the other embodiments of the present invention, the carbonyl compound having formula (III) used is selected from the group consisting of formalin, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, methyl ethyl, ketone, methyl benzyl ketone and cyclohexyl methyl ketone.
In yet another embodiments of the present invention, the organic solvent used for extracting the products is selected from the group consisting of used from diethyl ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and benzene.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention the catalyst used is alkyl substituted amino pyridines selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethyl aminopyridine, 4-aminopyridine and 2-mercaptobenzoxazole.
In another embodiment the dry organic solvent used to dissolve the catalyst and compound (IV) is selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane, dochloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexane, n-hexane and chlorobenzene.
In another embodiment the compound (V) added to react with compound (IV) is selected from the group consisting of acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride, pentenoyl chloride and 3-butenoyl chloride-3-phenyl.
In yet another embodiment the base used is selected from aliphatic and aromatic amine selected from the group consisting from triethyl amine, trimethyl amine, 2,6-lutidine and pyridine.
In yet another embodiment of the invention the inorganic base used to neutralize the solvent fraction containing the product is selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention wherein the inert gasused is selected from Nitrogen, Argon.
HALS monomers and some of its derivatives may be prepared by any of the methods known in the art including those disclosed in Patents No. JP 53015385 28 (July 1978), Swiss CH 610898 (May 15, 1979), Swiss CH 605927 (October 1978), Brit. GB 1492494 (November 1977) and Literature: T. Tsuchiya and H. Sashida, Heterocycles, 14, 1925-8 (1980). All these patents are incorporated herein by reference. HALS namely 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol may be prepared by synthetic route disclosed by W. B. Lutz, S. Lazams and R. I. Meltzer, J. Org. Chem., 14, 530 (1949). All these patents and literature are incorporated herein by reference.

Process for the preparation of novel vinylic hindered amine light stabilizers

Abstract: wherein

Abstract: R1 is C1 to C8 alkyl, alkoxy, alkylphenyl, hydroxy alkyl, allyl, acyl, or cycloalkyl;

Abstract: R2 is hydrogen or methyl;

Abstract: R3 is vinyl or C1-4 alkyl vinyl;

Abstract: R4 is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl or alkyl phenyl;

Abstract: R5 is hydrogen or C1-4 alkyl; and

Abstract: X is O, NH, C1-8 linear or branched chain or alkylamino,

Abstract: are prepared from the corresponding 1-unsubstituted, 4-XH-substituted piperidines by first reaction with a carbonyl compound and subsequent reaction with a vinyl group-containing acyl chloride.

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research


A process for manufacturing a composite profile based on a thermoplastic organic material reinforced by reinforcing fibres includes making a multiplicity of continuous reinforcing yarns come into contact with a thermoplastic organic material and shaping the composite profile. Continuous yarns based on continuous glass fibres and on a first thermoplastic are brought together to be parallel and at least one consolidated tape is formed by heating them, in which tape the reinforcing fibres are impregnated with the first thermoplastic. The at least one tape is introduced into a die sized to the cross-section of the profile and at least one second molten thermoplastic organic material is simultaneously introduced into the die in contact with the tape, to obtain a profile of at least one second thermoplastic organic material reinforced by the at least one tape.

1. Field of Invention
The invention relates to the manufacture of a composite profile based on a thermoplastic organic material reinforced with reinforcing fibres.
2. Discussion of the Background
For the sake of lightening a wide range of products, it is common practice to manufacture articles from plastic instead of more dense materials, the plastic being intrinsically reinforced, especially with fibrous reinforcements, in order to maintain the mechanical strength of the product.
It is known to use reinforcements comprising short fibres which are mixed directly with the plastic or are introduced in the form of composites such as granules comprising the reinforcements in a resin or plastic matrix. However, these short fibres do not make it possible to produce all the desired types of reinforcements, especially those for increasing the flexural strength of articles in one direction by a certain extent.
There are reinforcements based on continuous fibres in the form of cloths or fabrics more especially suitable for the manufacture of articles by moulding.
The incorporation of continuous reinforcing fibres into a profiled article, characterized by a long length compared with its other two dimensions, continues, however, to raise a few difficulties. This is because the technique of moulding is expensive and it appears to be desirable to develop other manufacturing solutions.
Patent Application FR 2,516,441 discloses a process for manufacturing thin profiles comprising unidirectional continuous glass fibres embedded in a thermoplastic resin.
The steps of the process for obtaining such profiles are as follows:                unwinding glass yarns from wound packages, in order to form a sheet of yarns;        separating the fibres of the yarns, in order to separate them because of the size with which they are coated;        dipping the sheet of glass fibres into an aqueous bath of a thermoplastic or else into a fluidized bed of powder of a thermoplastic;        heating the sheet in order to evaporate the water or to melt the powder, depending on the mode of dipping;        hot-shaping the resin-encapsulated sheet of fibres so as to produce the desired section.
One drawback with this process is that it is necessary, in order for the fibres to be uniformly impregnated with the thermoplastic, to introduce the step of separating the fibres. This requires a specific device using several rollers, the number and arrangement of which, for ensuring the suitable winding angle of the sheet on these rollers, are determined by the degree to which the fibres stick together.
In addition, it is sometimes necessary, when the degree of sticking is too high, to provide heating means complementary to the rollers.
Consequently, there is a possibility that all the fibres are not completely separated from each other, in order subsequently to allow them to be encapsulated with the thermoplastic.
Moreover, the process uses for the impregnation a bath of a thermoplastic which has to be maintained at a constant level, the dispersion of which thermoplastic is constantly circulated in order to ensure as constant an impregnation as possible. Furthermore, the means employed in this bath are considerable and difficult to manage in a manufacturing line; these are elements such as a liquid delivery pump, a weir for establishing a constant level, a storage tank for the overflow, and a stirring device for ensuring that the contents of the bath are homogeneous, these elements having to be regularly cleaned.
In the variant of the impregnation device for the use of a fluidized bed, specific means are also necessary, especially a vibrating system mounted on springs, for metering the amount of powder taken away by the fibres.
Finally, the shaping device consists of a lower roller provided with a groove through which the sheet runs and of an upper roller serving to press the sheet. Thus, the various expected gauges of the profile entail the drawback of having to have available several rollers which have variously sized grooves, respectively.
Consequently, this process, being slow to carry out, proves to be expensive and of low performance.
This process is furthermore limited to the production of thin profiles and offers little freedom as regards the design of the cross section of the profile, especially if it is desired to adjust the amount of plastic in certain portions of the profiled cross section.
The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a process for manufacturing a composite profile based on a thermoplastic organic material reinforced by reinforcing fibres, which is easy and rapid to implement, as well as being economic from the industrial standpoint.
More particularly, the invention provides, by virtue of this process, a product in the form of a profile consisting, on the one hand, of at least one tape of continuous reinforcing yarns arranged so as to be approximately parallel and touching each other and consolidated by a first thermoplastic and, on the other hand, of at least one second plastic in intimate contact with the said tape(s).

Method for making a composite extruded profile formed with thermoplastic organic material reinforced with reinforcing fibres


An information processing system adapted for use in conjunction with a telephone communication system. The information processing system includes a caller identification signal receiver, a timed switching device, and a call forwarding device. When no incoming call is being received, the timed switching device is in a first, open state, such that a circuit between the telephone line and the call forwarding device is interrupted. Upon receipt of an incoming call on the telephone line, the timed switching device and the caller identification signal receiver are activated. The timed switching device enters a second, closed state after a finite amount of time has elapsed such as, for example, several seconds, thereby allowing sufficient time for the caller identification signal to arrive on the incoming telephone line. The caller identification signal receiver responds to the receipt of incoming caller identification information by immediately activating the timed switching device, placing the timed switching device into the second state. The call forwarding device, responsive to the caller identification signal receiver, connects the incoming telephone call to a selected telephone set.

1. Field of Invention
The invention relates to a telephone communication system and, more particularly, to providing caller identification information at a station set.
2. Description of Related Art
Presently existing telephone communication systems may include a plurality of station sets, such as an attendant station set and a plurality of adjunct station sets associated therewith. In these communication systems, an incoming call may be answered at the attendant station set for subsequent forwarding to one of the adjunct station sets. Since caller ID information is sent from the central switching office to the called telephone at a point in time no earlier than the ring interval between the first and second ring signals, this caller ID information is lost if the attendant station set answers an incoming call too soon.
Loss of caller ID information is an undesired consequence of currently existing communication system topologies. However, there is an increasing demand for telephone users to better serve their clients by using called party information. If possible, telephone users would like to screen calls prior to answering the phone. Furthermore, calling party information could be used in conjunction with various applications to provide specialized services to specific calling parties. What is needed is a communications topology which preserves caller ID information until the call is answered by the called party at an adjunct station set.

Communication system for processing caller ID information


A system for a supplemental power source for a hand held portable electronic device is provided. A super capacitor is connected in parallel to a main battery of the portable electronic device. When the main battery becomes disconnected, the super capacitor is used to power the portable electronic device. The super capacitor is also used to provide compensation for the internal impedance of the main battery and the path impedance between the main battery and the load.

Portable electronic devices (e.g., notebook computers, mobile data terminals, radio frequency portable communication devices, etc.) typically include a rechargeable or alkaline battery to supply power to the portable device. These devices also typically employ a secondary power source to ensure that data stored in a Random Access Memory (RAM) device is not lost in the event that the main battery becomes disconnected from the portable device. The main battery may become disconnected if the portable electronic device is dropped, or if the main battery is being swapped with a new main battery. The bridge battery is usually a smaller battery because during a battery swap, the portable device normally will enter a low current or suspend mode, so that most current drawn from the bridge battery is used to refresh the RAM device, until a new main battery is installed into the device.
Many portable devices employ complicated switching or logic circuitry when changing from the main battery power to the bridge battery power. The switching or logic circuitry takes up valuable space on a circuit board that could be utilized to perform the functions of the portable device. In some cases, additional circuit boards are necessary to house the switching or logic circuitry. Furthermore, some of these portable devices employ expensive power management and supervisory circuitry to cause the functional components in the portable device to enter different modes, depending on the type of unit powering the portable device or the current status of the unit powering the portable device. The additional power management and supervisory circuitry adds to the size, the cost and also to the complexity of the portable device.
Accordingly, there is a strong need in the art for a system and/or methods that can provide power distribution for a portable electronic device at low cost, while reducing space utilized in employing such a system.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Power management for a portable electronic device


The present invention provides a fastening device that allows an attachment operation to be simply and easily performed even by a single person, is capable of fastening and fixing with certainty, and is capable of reducing cost. A fastening device is configured by: a bolt in which a right screw is formed on one end portion and a left screw is formed on another end portion; a jig engaging section that is formed on one end portion or both end portions of the bolt such as to be capable of being rotated using a jig that rotates the bolt; and a right screw nut and a left screw nut that respectively screw onto the right screw in the one end portion of the bolt and the left screw in the other end portion.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fastening device that can be used to fasten and fix together a column and a beam, a metal piece attached to a column and a beam, wood materials, and the like.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, when a column and a beam, a metal piece attached to a column and a beam, or wood materials are fastened and fixed together, a bolt insertion hole is formed in the column, the beam, the metal piece attached to a column, or the wood materials. A bolt then is inserted into the bolt insertion hole, and fastened and fixed by a nut.
In fastening and fixing using a bolt and a nut such as this, operations for stopping a head portion of the bolt from turning and for rotating the nut are required to be performed. There is a disadvantage in that these operations are difficult for a person to perform alone and are time consuming.
[Parent Literature 1] Utility Model Publication No. 2534717
[Patent Literature 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Publication No. 2006-348543


A transactional memory system predicts the outcome of coalescing outermost memory transactions, the coalescing causing committing of memory store data to memory for a first transaction to be done at transaction execution (TX) end of a second transaction, the method comprising. A processor of the transactional memory system determines whether a first plurality of outermost transactions from an associated program that were coalesced experienced an abort, the first plurality of outermost transactions including a first instance of a first transaction. The processor updates a history of the associated program to reflect the results of the determination. The processor coalesces a second plurality of outermost transactions from the associated program, based, at least in part, on the updated history.

This disclosure relates generally to the field of Transactional Memory (TM) execution, and more specifically to predicting the results of processing of multiple memory transactions as a single transaction.
The number of central processing unit (CPU) cores on a chip and the number of CPU cores connected to a shared memory continues to grow significantly to support growing workload capacity demand. The increasing number of CPUs cooperating to process the same workloads puts a significant burden on software scalability; for example, shared queues or data-structures protected by traditional semaphores become hot spots and lead to sub-linear n-way scaling curves. Traditionally this has been countered by implementing finer-grained locking in software, and with lower latency/higher bandwidth interconnects in hardware. Implementing fine-grained locking to improve software scalability can be very complicated and error-prone, and at today's CPU frequencies, the latencies of hardware interconnects are limited by the physical dimension of the chips and systems, and by the speed of light.
Implementations of hardware Transactional Memory (HTM, or in this discussion, simply TM) have been introduced, wherein a group of instructions—called a transaction—operate in an atomic manner on a data structure in memory, as viewed by other central processing units (CPUs) and the I/O subsystem (atomic operation is also known as "block concurrent" or "serialized" in other literature). The transaction executes optimistically without obtaining a lock, but may need to abort and retry the transaction execution if an operation, of the executing transaction, on a memory location conflicts with another operation on the same memory location. Previously, software transactional memory implementations have been proposed to support software Transactional Memory (TM). However, hardware TM can provide improved performance aspects and ease of use over software TM.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,730,286 titled "Software Assisted Nested Hardware Transactions" filed Dec. 30, 2005, incorporated by reference herein teaches a method and apparatus for efficiently executing nested transactions. Hardware support for execution of transactions is provided. Additionally, through the use of logging previous values immediately before a current nested transaction in a local memory and storage of a stack of handlers associated with a hierarchy of transactions, nested transactions are potentially efficiently executed. Upon a failure, abort, or invalidating event/access within a nested transaction, the state of variables or memory locations written to during execution of the nested transaction are rolled-back to immediately before the nested transaction, instead of all the way back to an original state of the variables or memory locations before an enclosing transaction. As a result, nested transactions may be re-executed within enclosing transactions, without flattening the enclosing and nested transactions to re-execute everything.
U.S. Patent Application No. 2010/0205408A1 titled "Speculative Region: Hardware Support for Selective Transactional Memory Access Annotation Using Instruction Prefix", filed Apr. 20, 2010, incorporated by reference herein teaches a computer system and method for executing selectively annotated transactional regions. The system is configured to determine whether an instruction within a plurality of instructions in a transactional region includes a given prefix. The prefix indicates that one or more memory operations performed by the processor to complete the instruction are to be executed as part of an atomic transaction. The atomic transaction can include one or more other memory operations performed by the processor to complete one or more others of the plurality of instructions in the transactional region.

Dynamic predictor for coalescing memory transactions


Aspects of the invention provide for a flexible performance screen ring oscillator (PSRO) integrated within a scan chain. In one embodiment, a circuit structure to create the flexible PSRO includes: a plurality of programmable scan chain elements; and a forward test scan chain path through the plurality of scan chain elements; wherein each of the programmable scan chain elements includes additional circuitry for a backward path, such that the backward path and the forward test scan chain path are combined to create the PSRO.

As the size of integrated circuits decrease, across chip variation (ACV) is becoming an increasing concern. A transistor on one side of an integrated circuit will not always operate similar to a transistor on another side of the integrated circuit. Margins are provided in order to ensure that the integrated circuit operates as desired, which leads to reduced performance and increased power requirements.
It is desired to predict how an integrated circuit will behave, in order to minimize these margins. Performance screen ring oscillators (PSROs) are used to monitor and predict performance in areas of an integrated circuit. However, a PSRO must be in close proximity to the area that is being monitored, and in order to monitor many areas of an integrated circuit, many PSROs are needed. Therefore, current PSROs may take up significant space and wiring.

Flexible performance screen ring oscillator within a scan chain


A steerable and rackable electrical apparatus system including a wheeled rackable electrical apparatus (10). The system allows steerable movement of an unracked apparatus (10) that has been removed from a switchgear cabinet. The system includes a device (20) with a lifting bracket (22) selectively attachable and detachable from the electrical apparatus (10); and a steerable, wheeled, self-supporting lifting device (30) for lifting a portion of the electrical apparatus (10) to a lifted position and for supporting weight of the lifted apparatus (10) without operator lifting effort. The lifting device (30) may be screw jack with a castered wheel (38) that is coupled to the lifting bracket (22).

The present direction is directed to rackable switchgear draw-out units for electrical distribution systems and in particular devices used in conjunction with unracked draw-out units, which allow lifting of a portion of the draw-out unit and maneuverable steering of the unit when it is racked out of a switchgear cabinet.
Rackable switchgear draw-out units, such as draw-out circuit breakers, are commonly used in the electrical distribution and control fields. When the switchgear is energized with electrical current, the draw-out unit is housed within a cabinet and connected to a busway system within the cabinet for transmission of the power. The draw-out units can be removed from the cabinet in a generally straight line by way of fixed, non-steerable but rotatively-mounted wheels or rollers after power to the cabinet is shut down and appropriate safety measures well known in the art are taken to inhibit the likelihood of injury to service personnel.
In field installations, it is often desirable to maneuver wheeled draw-out units after they have been removed from the switchgear cabinets, so that they can be serviced, replaced and the like. It is difficult to maneuver the draw-out unit in other than a straight line, because its fixed wheels are not steerable.
In the past, service personnel have attempted to maneuver draw-out units with modified handtrucks having a pair of rotatively mounted wheels on an axle which is attached to a generally L-shaped chassis. When operated, the short leg of the L-shaped chassis is placed under the floorpan of the draw-out unit. The operator then lifts a pair of the draw-out unit wheels off the ground by rocking down on the long leg of the L-shaped chassis. As is familiar to handtruck operators, the pair of axled wheels on such a device are really not very maneuverable. Also, the operator must continuously exert downward rocking pressure on the handtruck in order to maintain the draw-out unit wheels in a lifted and steerable position. There is a well-recognized need in the industry for lifting and maneuvering devices for switchgear draw-out units that can be easily steered and which are self supporting so as to reduce operator physical effort necessary to support the weight of the lifted draw-out unit.
It is an object of the present invention to create a fifth wheel device which increases maneuverability of switchgear draw-out units when the latter are being moved around outside switchgear cabinets.
It is another object of the present invention to create a fifth wheel device which is self-supporting when a draw-out apparatus which is attached thereto is in a lifted position, so as to reduce operator physical exertion.

Fifth wheel device for rackable switchgear units


An electronic device includes: a heat generating component; a board disposed in a vertical direction, the heat generating component mounted on a first surface of the board; a first thermally conductive member superposed on a second surface of the board opposite the first surface of the board; a plurality of second thermally conductive members extending in a horizontal direction from a first surface of the first thermally conductive member; a third thermally conductive member facing the first surface of the board, the third thermally conductive member secured to the distal end portions of the plurality of second thermally conductive members; a housing including a first wall portion superposed on a second surface of the first thermally conductive member, and a second wall portion opposite the first wall portion; and a heat sink provided on an outer surface of the second wall portion.

Some electronic devices include a heat generating component, a board on which the heat generating component is mounted, a housing which houses the heat generating component and the board, and a heat sink provided on an outer surface of the housing (see, for example, PTL 1). In this electronic device, heat is transmitted from the heat generating component to the heat sink with convection of a fluid filled in the housing, thereby the heat generating component is cooled.
Examples of the related art include Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2018-088433, Japanese Laid-open Utility Model Publication No. 61-059350, and Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 1-103854.

Electronic device and housing unit for electronic device


A complex antenna (100) comprises a grounding patch (3) extending in a longitudinal direction and having opposite first and second sides; a first antenna (1) comprising a first radiating element (11), a second radiating element (12), a third radiating element (13), and a first connecting element (14); a second antenna (2) comprising a fourth radiating element (21), a fifth radiating element (22), and a second connecting element (23). A gap is formed in the middle portion of the second side of the grounding patch. The first connecting element extends from an end of the gap and comprises a first connecting arm coplanar with the grounding patch and a second connecting arm vertical to the grounding patch. The first connecting arm and the grounding patch is formed a slot. The second connecting element extends from an end of the grounding patch.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an antenna, and more particularly to an complex antenna operating in WWAN and UWB.
2. Description of Prior Art
Wireless communication devices, such as cellular phones, notebook computers, electronic appliances, and the like, are normally equipped with an antenna for working in WWAN (Wireless Wide Area Network) that serves as a medium for transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals, such as date, audio, image, and so on. However, more and more people dissatisfy their electronic devices only work in WWAN. Making the portable electronic devices working in UWB (Ultra Wide Band) is a purpose of the many people.
In recent years, WWAN adopts three technical standards of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), GPS (Global Positioning System) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). Operating frequency bands of the GSM are 900/1800 MHz, and operating frequency band of the GPS is 1.575 GHz. CDMA includes three kinds of technical standards: CDMA2000, WCDMA and TD-SCDMA. Operating frequency bands of the CDMA2000 are 800, 900, 1700, 1800, 1900, and 2100 MHz. Operating frequency bands of the WCDMA are 1800, 1900, and 2100 MHz. Operating frequency bands of the TD-SCDMA are 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz. The UWB operating frequency band is 3.1-4.8 GHz.
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 illustrate a multi-band antenna including a WLAN antenna and a WWAN antenna. However, the multi-band antenna can not operating in UWB frequency band.
Hence, in this art, a complex antenna to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art will be described in detail in the following embodiment.


A method includes defining a first mapping, which translates between logical addresses and physical storage locations in a memory with a first mapping unit size, for accessing the memory by a first processing unit. A second mapping is defined, which translates between the logical addresses and the physical storage locations with a second mapping unit size that is different from the first mapping unit size, for accessing the memory by a second processing unit. Data is exchanged between the first and second processing units via the memory, while accessing the memory by the first processing unit using the first mapping and by the second processing unit using the second mapping.

In various computerized systems, multiple system components access a shared memory. Various techniques for accessing shared memory are known in the art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,752,417, whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference, describes a computer system that dynamically selects a memory virtualization and corresponding virtual-to-physical address translation technique during execution of an application. Dynamically employing the selected technique may include reorganizing a memory, reorganizing a translation table, allocating a different block of memory to the application, changing a page or segment size, or moving to or from a page-based, segment-based, or function-based address translation technique.

Shared memory access using independent memory maps