A semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same is disclosed. A trench is formed in an active region of a semiconductor substrate. A doped layer is formed on the inner walls of the trench. The trench is filled up with a first semiconductor layer. A gate insulating layer is formed on the first semiconductor layer and the substrate. Two gate electrodes are formed on the gate insulating layer such that the trench is located in between two gate electrodes. First and second impurity regions are formed in the substrate on both sides of each of the gate electrodes. Since the doped layer is locally formed in the trench area, the source and drain regions are completely separated from the heavily doped layer to weaken the electric field of PN junction, thereby improving refresh and preventing punchthrough between the source and drain.

1. Field of the Invention
This disclosure relates to a semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a semiconductor device capable of preventing the "punchthrough" phenomenon between source and drain regions of a transistor, improving the refresh characteristics of a memory cell, and a method of manufacturing the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional MOS transistor. Referring to FIG. 1, the MOS transistor comprises a gate electrode 3 stacked on a semiconductor substrate 1 with a gate oxide layer 2 interposed between them, with source regions 4 and drain region 5 formed on the surface portions of the substrate 1 adjacent to either side of the gate electrode 3.
Carriers such as electrons or holes are supplied at the source region 4 and are removed at the drain region 5. The gate electrode 3 plays the role of forming a surface inversion layer, i.e., a channel, extending between the source region 4 and the drain region 5.
When scaling down the MOS transistor as the integration level of semiconductor devices increases, the reduction in the length of the gate electrode is far more dramatic than the reduction of the operating voltage. With the down scaling of the gate length, the influence of the source/drain upon the electric field or the potential in the channel region of the MOS transistor is considerable. This influence is known as the "short channel effect" and a lowering of the threshold voltage is a typical result of this phenomenon. This is because the channel region is greatly influenced by the depletion charge, the electric field, and the potential distribution of the source/drain regions as well as the gate electrode.
In addition to a decreased threshold voltage, punchthrough between the source and drain regions is another severe problem accompanying the short channel effect.
In the MOS transistor of FIG. 1, the drain depletion layer 7 is widened in proportion to the increase in the drain voltage, so that the drain depletion layer 7 comes close to the source region 4. Thus, the drain depletion layer 7 and the source depletion layer 6 are completely connected to each other when the length of the gate electrode 3 is decreased. The electric field of the drain may eventually penetrate into the source region 4 and thereby reduce the potential energy barrier of the source junction. When this occurs, an increased number of major carriers in the source region 4 possess sufficient energy to overcome the barrier. Thus, a larger current flows from the source region 4 to the drain region 5. This effect is called the "punchthrough" phenomenon. When punchthrough occurs, the drain current is not saturated but rapidly increases towards the saturation region.
In general MOS transistor technology, a threshold voltage (Vt) adjustment is performed in order to secure the desired threshold voltage. The threshold adjustment is an implant process. For example, a p-type impurity such as boron (B) is ion-implanted in the NMOS transistor.
When the drain voltage is relatively small in the short-channel MOS transistor, the drain depletion layer is not directly in contact with the source region. However, the surface of the substrate is depleted to some degree by the gate electrode, thereby varying the height of the potential barrier near the source. This is known as "surface punchthrough". The threshold adjustment process increases the doping concentration of the interface between the substrate and the gate oxide layer, thereby suppressing surface punchthrough as well as adjusting the threshold voltage.
Accordingly, as down scaling of the gate length progresses, the threshold adjustment process is performed at a high doping concentration to suppress the punchthrough. Typically, the source and drain regions make contact with the heavily-doped threshold adjustment region because the impurities are applied to the entire surface of the substrate. Thus, in the NMOS transistor, the n-type source and drain regions make contact with the p+ region (i.e., threshold adjustment region) to apply the high electric field on the p-n junction, thereby increasing the junction leakage current.
In dynamic random access memory (DRAM) devices, in which a unit memory cell consists of one transistor and one capacitor cell, a "refresh" operation (i.e., a data restoring operation for recharging the data charge) is necessary because the data charge of the capacitor decreases due to the leakage current over time. Typically, the cell transistor is an NMOS transistor. Therefore, the junction leakage current increases due to the high electric field at the p-n junction where the n-type source/drain makes contact with the p+ region (i.e., the threshold adjustment region) when a high dose threshold adjustment implantation is performed. This results in the deterioration of the refresh operation.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,963,811 discloses a method of forming a heavily doped anti-punchthrough region in the interface between the source and drain regions and the cell region through an additional ion-implantation process after the threshold adjustment is performed. Methods of locally forming an anti-punchthrough region directly below the gate electrode are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,484,743; 5,489,543; and 6,285,061.
However, in these methods, the anti-punchthrough region extends to the source and drain regions due to the profile of the lateral projection range (Rp) caused by the ion-implantation. Accordingly, a large electric field is applied to the region where the n-type source and drain regions and the p-type channel region make contact with each other, generating an increased junction leakage current and a deterioration of the refresh operation.
Furthermore, Japanese Patent Laid Open Publication No. 9-045904 discloses a method of forming a partition for preventing punchthrough below the channel region. The partition is formed of an insulator or alternatively formed by filling the interior of the insulator with a conductor. In the case of using a partition comprised of an insulator, the current path of the depletion layer penetrates to the source side when the drain depletion layer meets the partition, thereby generating punchthrough. The method of forming the partition by filling the interior of the insulator with a conductor can prevent this problem, but the required manufacturing process is complicated.

Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same


A holder for packaging a biological specimen slide is heat formed from a single sheet of plastic, with tray and cover portions foldable to a closed condition along a hinge line. A window opening in the cover portion allows viewing of identification markings on a slide in the closed holder. The window is initially closed by an integrally formed push-out panel which is removed upon use of the holder as a flag of previous usage of the holder to prevent its unintentional reuse.

1. Field Of The Invention
The present invention relates to the field of medical disposables, and in particular to holders for slides used for conveying samples of biological tissues or fluids for laboratory analysis. The use of slides for this purpose is widespread not only in the medical and biological fields, but also in chemical and related analytical and experimental problem.
2. Background Of The Invention
The use of specimen slides, typically consisting of thin rectangular sheets of glass, for the collection, packaging and storage of biological specimens has prompted the design and fabrication of small, inexpensive, disposable packets and holders of various types, designs and materials. These items are intended to protect the relatively fragile glass slide and to preserve the specimen smeared or deposited on the slide against contamination or physical damage. Such packaging allows the specimen slide to be handled, stored and transported in a convenient and dependable manner until the specimen is processed, in the laboratory or otherwise.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,147,042 granted to this applicant discloses an improved medical specimen slide holder which facilitates and expedites the handling of both the slide and the package by all personnel involved in the specimen collection and specimen analysis procedures, while at the same time enhancing the level of protection afforded to both the specimen and the slide. The patented holder has a tray portion and a cover portion, a ridge defining a slide receiving recess in the tray portion, the cover portion being configured and dimensioned to make a friction fit with the ridge in a closed condition of the holder, and has a window in at least one of the portions for exposing to view an identification bearing portion of the slide in the closed condition of the slide holder. The window allows easy reading of the identifying indicia or markings typically written at one end of the slide by the person taking the sample to reference the biological sample to a particular patient or source. It therefore becomes unnecessary to open the holder package in order to view these identifying markings, which expedites the physical handling of the package and reduces the possibility of damage, contamination or loss of the slide and specimen.
The entire slide holder may be molded of a single sheet of thermoplastic material for low cost large volume production and for ease of use and handling.
The specimen slide holder of U.S. Pat. No. 5,147,042 is intended for single use only, after which it should be discarded. The slide holder is likely to become contaminated with microorganisms present in the environment and also with material from the specimen on the slide. Thus, if the slide holder is reused, a subsequent specimen can become contaminated with material from a previous specimen or microorganisms accumulated on the slide holder, thus leading to an erroneous diagnosis and misleading laboratory test results. This is of course undesirable and potentially dangerous to patients, and is a result to be avoided insofar as possible.
What is needed therefore is a slide holder which can provide a clear, unambiguous and positive indication of prior usage to the physician who will therefore not be mislead into using a potentially contaminated slide holder. The indication of prior use should be such that it cannot be returned to an original condition indicative of an unused slide holder without great difficulty.
While the slide holder disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,147,042 works well for its intended purpose, it can be further improved to supply a clearly visible, unambiguous and positive indication or flag of prior usage of the slide holder at no significant increase in cost of the disposable slide holder, thereby to prevent unintentional reuse of a used and possibly contaminated slide holder.
This improvement is accomplished by providing a panel which in an original condition of the slide holder is integral with the holder and closes the window. The panel is attached to the slide holder by a tear line consisting of relatively weak connecting links or equivalent means which are preferentially rupturable when manual force is applied to the panel, allowing easy detachment and removal of the panel and consequent opening of the window.
As the panel is initially integrally part of the sheet of material from which the slide holder is molded, it adds no additional cost or complexity to the manufacturing process or to the product. The improvement simply involves providing a weakened connection between the panel and the rest of the slide holder, so as to retain the panel in the window, rather than simply stamping out and discarding the panel during original manufacture of the slide holder.
The panel readily breaks away from the slide holder when pushed, as by a finger pressing on the panel, either from the inside or outside of the slide holder. Typically, the physician taking the specimen would push out the panel from the inside of the slide holder, while the slide holder is still open for receiving the specimen slide. Once the panel is broken out, the open window serves as a positive indication of prior use of the holder, and alerts all subsequent persons coming into possession of the slide holder to the fact of its prior usage. The open window provides all the benefits already summarized above, allowing easy inspection of the identification indicia on the slide without having to open the slide holder which might subject the slide to the risk of falling and breakage, or smearing and contamination of the specimen.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the attached drawings.


Geothermal brine and other platinum-containing solutions are passed through a carbon-containing zone to recover platinum from the aqueous medium.

The present invention relates to a process and a system for treating brine and other aqueous solutions to remove platinum.
Systems and processes for recovering various metals from geothermal brine are known. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,082,492, U.S. Pat. No. 5,145,515, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,145,656, the foregoing patents being incorporated herein in their entireties by reference. However, the recovery of platinum from geothermal brines using known techniques is low. Accordingly, there is a need to increase the percentage of platinum recovered from geothermal brines.


A fuel cell including, a cell unit which has a fuel electrode including a catalyst, an air electrode including a catalyst, and an electrolyte membrane which is sandwiched by the fuel electrode and the air electrode; a fuel chamber which is disposed at a fuel electrode side, and which stores fuel; an air chamber which is disposed at an air electrode side and to which air is supplied; and a recovery chamber in which a fuel-side by-product, which is generated by a catalytic reaction of the fuel at the fuel electrode, is recovered, wherein a colorant containing an indicator is provided inside of one of the fuel chamber and the recovery chamber.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fuel cell such as a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) that uses a fuel, for example, methyl alcohol or methanol, and also concerns an electronic device, a portable terminal and a camera that are provided with such a fuel cell.
2. Description of the Related Art
The direct methanol fuel cell is a fuel cell of a type in which methanol (CH3OH) mixed with water is directly supplied to a fuel electrode with oxygen being supplied to an air electrode in order to obtain electric energy via an electrolyte membrane such as a proton conductive membrane. Here, in the direct methanol fuel cell, carbon dioxide (CO2) is generated by a catalytic reaction of the fuel electrode as a by-product and water (2H2O) is generated by a catalytic reaction of the air electrode as a by-product. Moreover, the amount of consumption of the fuel, i.e., methanol, stored in a fuel chamber, is detected by using, for example, a method for detecting the change in color density of a pigment sealed in a recovery bag in which the by-product is recovered (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open (JP-A) No. 2003-36879).
The above-mentioned methanol is a transparent colorless liquid, and is soluble to water or the like. Moreover, the methanol is poisonous to the human body, and even a dose of 8 to 10 g of methanol normally causes loss of one's eyesight, and a fatal dose is considered to be 20 to 100 g. For this reason, it is necessary to prevent people from drinking a fuel such as methanol by mistaken for water or the like. It is also necessary to prevent a different kind of fuel from being refueled by mistaken it as methanol.
In a fuel cell disclosed in JP-A No. 2003-36879, since the fuel is used as a transparent colorless liquid as it is, there is a danger of refueling a different kind of fuel by mistaken it as methanol as described above.
Moreover, it is difficult to conduct a visual detection based upon the color density, and requires a detection sensor, resulting remaining amount detection mechanism to be large-scaled.

Fuel cell, electronic device, portable terminal and camera


To suppress a secondary bound of a print wire of a dot matrix printer which may occur after a single dot or continuous dots are printed and also to prevent both density variation of printed characters and printing ghost from occurring, a braking pulse is applied after application of a printing pulse in the case of printing the single dot and after a printing pulse of the trailing print cycle in the case of printing the continuous dots. The duration of the braking pulse to be applied after the application of the printing pulse in the trailing print cycle of the continuous dot printing is set to be shorter than the duration of the braking pulse applied after the printing pulse in the case of printing the single dot.

1. Field of the invention
The present invention relates to a method of driving a wire dot print head which drives print wires to make dot impressions on a printing medium.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Wire-dot printers include an actuator for driving a print wire. The actuator is supplied with an electric power from a power source via a switching element. To drive a print wire, a printing pulse is applied for a predetermined duration to the associated switching element to render it conductive.
Heretofore, it has been proposed to apply a braking pulse to the switching element to render it conductive following the application of the printing pulse thereto. The braking pulse is applied to the switching element for a duration shorter than the duration of the printing pulse so that printing is not carried out in response to the braking pulse. While a high speed printing can be achieved if the braking pulse is not inserted after the printing pulse, the braking pulse is needed for controlling or adjusting the printing speed in order to weaken a stress of a stopper resulting from the impingement of the print wire thereon and to thus suppress secondary bound of the printing wire back from the stopper. Further, the braking pulse needs to be inserted when a special mode of printing such as double speed printing or odd- and even-number dot separate printing is carried out. For such reasons, the braking pulse is inserted for each dot printing.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show curves indicating displacement of a print wire and timing charts of the printing and braking pulses according to conventional driving methods. FIG. 1 shows the case when continuous-shot drive is performed to print a series of dots and FIG. 2 shows the case when single-shot drive is performed to print a single dot in a discontinuous manner. As can be appreciated from FIG. 1, the duration of the printing pulse A and the application timing of the braking pulse B with respect to the associated printing pulse A are the same in the successive print cycles T. In the case of single-shot drive shown in FIG. 2, the duration of the print pulse A is set to be equal to that of the leading printing pulse in the continuous-shot drive.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show another conventional driving method wherein in the case of continuous-shot drive, a braking pulse is applied only after the application of the trailing printing pulse.
As a result of experiments, the present inventor has found that even if the secondary bound of a print wire back from a stopper could be effectively prevented in the single-shot drive by the application of the braking pulse, the same approach is not applicable to the case when continuous-shot drive is carried out. Specifically, the secondary bound of the print wire cannot be prevented from occurring after the impression of trailing dot even if the similar control as in the single-shot drive is adopted for the continuous-.shot drive, as can be appreciated from the waveforms Ma in FIGS. 1 and 3. If the secondary bound of the print wire occurs, the density of printed image become uneven and print ghost appears.


A carriage for transporting heavy loads on conventional roads is disclosed. The carriage comprises a central beam extending the length of the carriage and a plurality of cross beams. At least one of the plurality of cross beams comprises a hollow element having a first end and a second end, wherein the hollow element is coupled to and extends perpendicularly to the central beam; a first beam slidably positioned within the first end of the hollow element, wherein the first beam is coupled to at least one axle; and a second beam slidably positioned within the second end of the hollow element, wherein the second beam is coupled to at least one axle. The carriage further comprises a hydraulic system coupled to each of the plurality of cross beams for hydraulically sliding each beam positioned within each hollow element.

The present invention relates generally to multi-axle, heavy-load transport haulers that operate at high speed over standard highways. Heavy-load transport haulers are used to transport heavy or massive loads such as construction equipment, construction materials, massive vehicles or the like. The use of heavy-load transport vehicles, however, can be accompanied by problems.
Certain states have regulations pertaining to hauling of heavy loads and restricting vehicle width. For example, certain states have regulations requiring a heavy-load vehicle to obtain a permit from a state's bridge department and use a highway patrol escort before traveling to and from a jobsite unladen with a vehicle having a width greater than fifteen feet. In addition, if the heavy load vehicle is designed to be reduced, i.e., to be taken apart and hauled by conventional means in its unladen condition, the applicable department(s) of transportation will require that the system be reduced and transported in this manner. This can be costly and time consuming: (1) in the retention of highway patrol, as highway patrol must be hired and the process for obtaining a permit can take several weeks; and (2) the heavy load vehicle must be assembled and disassembled when traveling to and from the jobsite to haul a load and/or loads. Having a non-reducible unladen vehicle having a width of fifteen feet or less, however, requires only a single trip permit that is simpler and faster to obtain and typically does not require the involvement of state highway patrol. In addition, due to a lack of reducibility, the vehicle is not required to be disassembled when traveling to and from the jobsite unladen.
Vehicle width requirements for heavy-load vehicles can also be an obstacle at a work site. Whereas a heavy-load vehicle may have clearance for transport over a public highway or road, sometimes space requirements are restricted on work sites such as a construction site. As construction progresses at a work site, the amount of space available for vehicles decreases. As a result, work spaces for vehicles can become cramped at these work sites. In addition, places such as refineries have limited space as designed and constructed. Consequently, heavy-load vehicles must maneuver or simply unload in unwanted positions or locations at a work site or delivery location, and at times items must be unloaded from the vehicles and placed on off-highway platform trailers or roller type systems and taken to a specific location on the jobsite.
Maneuverability can also be a problem with heavy-load vehicles. Heavy-load vehicles include many (typically from 6–10) axles, all of which may not offer steering capability. The lack of steering capability at all axles of heavy-load multi-axle vehicles greatly compromises the ability of the vehicle to maneuver and negotiate obstacles such as tight turns. Of those multi-axle heavy-load vehicles that offer power-steering capability at all axles, it can be difficult to regulate power steering forces at high speeds and in longer configurations. Too much steering power can introduce other ancillary vehicle problems, such as road sway during use.
As can be seen, there is a need for an improved multi-axle heavy-load vehicle that overcomes the problems with vehicle width restrictions, while not being considered a reducible load by a jurisdiction. Moreover, there is a need for an improved multi-axle heavy-load vehicle that overcomes the problems with steering sensitivity at highway speeds and in longer vehicle lengths in both the laden and unladen conditions.

Heavy hauling system with hydraulic-powered extendable axles


A mixing device for mixing flowable materials in a container employs an elongated shaft having one end adapted to be connected to a power source and the other to be inserted into the material, with a pair of elongated, generally helical open centered coil impellers mounted on the shaft at a location to be submerged in the material, with the coils having their longitudinal axes parallel to one another and substantially perpendicular to the shaft, with the coils being offset on opposite sides of the shaft. Preferably, the coil impellers are supported on a hub mounted for adjustment longitudinally of the shaft.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to mixers for mixing flowable materials, and more particularly to an improved coil impeller mixing device which is very effective and efficient in mixing flowable products including highly viscous liquids such as petroleum distillation sludges, tars and the like, as well as for blending solids such as powdered materials into liquids, reducing particle size in blends (through impact in the mixing process) and for the processing of products such as foods, paint, polymers, ceramics, cosmetics, drugs and other products.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Mixing operations are so well known and widely used that little consideration is given to the subject by the average individual. At the same time, effective and efficient mixing is critical in the production and/or use of numerous products. A very substantial mixing industry has developed involving both domestic and industrial mixing devices and operations, and mixers ranging from small "test tube" models to large industrial process mixers requiring 300 horsepower or more are commercially available. It has been estimated that the industry's total annual revenue in this country alone may be as much as 1.2 billion dollars.
Industrial mixers typically employ impellers in the form of propellers, pitched blades, Rushton blades, bottom scraper blades, or high speed dispersers, emulsifiers. It is also well known to employ an elongated coil impeller supported on the end of a shaft driven by a drill motor or the like, and a device of this type is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,037,210. In this prior art device, the coil is loosely mounted on a drive shaft to enable the longitudinal axis of the coil to be deflected at a substantial angle from a plane perpendicular to the drive shaft axis. This feature enables the coil to contact the bottom of a container, for example a paint can, along the full length of the coil even though the drive shaft is not held perpendicular to the can bottom.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,132,849 also discloses a stirrer, or mixer, including a coil scraping and stirring element adapted to contact the bottom of a container while being driven about an axis substantially perpendicular to the bottom of the container. This device is intended for use primarily to prevent food from sticking to the bottom of the container during cooking and it does not employ the pumping feature of a relatively high speed impeller for mixing or homogenizing the entire contents of the container.
While the mixer industry has developed mixing technologies adequate for most industrial or commercial mixing and blending operations, many of these devices are relatively cumbersome, inefficient, and maintenance intensive, and frequently do not reliably produce the high quality uniform product desired, or require excessive time for producing the desired mixing action.
The known mixers have not been considered adequate for some operations such as removing sludge settled on the bottom of the large petroleum tanks at refineries and it is currently necessary to put such tanks out of operations periodically to be cleaned by hand. Also, some of the known mixing devices are not energy efficient and are not readily adaptable to variable conditions such as product depth in the mixing container. Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an improved coil impeller mixing device which is highly efficient and effective in mixing flowable products.
Another object is to provide such a mixing device which produces a highly uniform mixed product.
Another object is to provide such a mixing device which is capable of mixing products having a wide range of viscosities.
Another object is to provide such a mixing device which is highly effective in disbursing dry or powder materials in a liquid.
Another object is to provide such a mixing device which can readily be adjusted for effectively mixing materials of various depths in a mixing container.
Another object is to provide such a mixing device which can efficiently reduce particle size (through impact within the mixing container) in the material being mixed.
Another object is to provide such a mixing device which can process large solid and semi-solid masses into a fluid form without damage to the device.


A method of detecting web pages belonging to at least one similarity class from a plurality of web pages includes determining clusters of the plurality of web pages based on characteristics of the content of the web pages. For each of the determined clusters, at least one metric is determined indicative of similarity among resource locators associated with the web pages of that cluster. A determination of web pages belonging to the at least one similarity class is based on the determined clusters and the determined similarity metrics.

It is well known to request a web page according to a Universal Resource Locator (URL). More particularly, when a web page corresponding to a particular URL is requested using an HTTP request, a service (e.g., a web site) associated with that URL provides, in response, web page content nominally associated with that URL. When the destination server for the service cannot fulfill the request, an HTTP standard error response code "404" may be returned. Typically, the client application (e.g., browser) interprets the 404 response code and provides a default message generated by the client application. URL's that lead to such 404 response codes are sometimes known as "dead links."
More recently, the services themselves (by contrast to the client applications) have taken to providing an HTTP standard response code 200 (OK code), as opposed to an HTTP standard error response code 404, even when a web page corresponding to a dead link URL is requested. In addition, these services generally provide a default page that indicates (to a human user) that the client application requested a web page corresponding to a dead link. This type of response has become known as a "soft 404."
To an automated process, the default page indicating that the requested web page corresponds to a dead link generally appears to be responsive and not indicative of a dead link. Thus, for example, unless a search engine accounts for it, the search engine may treat a web page corresponding to a soft 404-type dead link as an actual live web page, which can affect search results in what are probably unintended ways. Types of processing other than processing used by search engines can also benefit from knowledge of soft 404-type dead links.
According to one article, "Sic transit gloria telae: towards an understanding of the web's decay", by Z Bar-Yossef et al. (2004), it is estimated that soft 404s account for more than twenty-five percent of the dead links on the web. The Z Bar-Yossef article proposes a method to detect whether a particular web page is a soft 404 page.

Unsupervised detection of web pages corresponding to a similarity class


The invention relates to a seat area of a motor vehicle seat with a seat cushion adjustable in its incline by height adjustment of the front edge of the seat consisting of a seat support, a pillow spring system and an upholstery part, the seat support comprising a support unit and a swivelling bridge which among others defines the front edge of the seat. Between the swivelling bridge and the support unit and a swivelling bridge which among others defines the front edge of the seat. Between the swivelling bridge and the support unit an adjustment regulation device is planned for an incline adjustment of the swivelling bridge opposite the support unit. A rear support unit, with which the swivelling bridge is connected on both ends via joints is allocated to the swivelling bridge by formation of a cushion support, which can be upholstered. Between the part of the swivelling bridge which is forming the front part of the seat and the rear support unit the pillow spring system is bent. At the swivelling bridge and the rear support unit, mounting parts are planned which work together, and which limit a folding together of the swivelling bridge and the rear support unit around the joints positioned along the side and by the effect of the pillow spring system to a predetermined angle.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a seat area of a motor vehicle seat with a seat cushion adjustable in its incline by height adjustment of the front edge of the seat consisting of a seat support, a pillow spring system and an upholstery part, the seat support showing a support unit and a swivelling bridge, which among others defines the front edge of the seat. Between the swivelling bridge and the support unit an adjustment regulation device is planned for an incline adjustment of the swivelling bridge opposite the support unit.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Such a seat area of a motor vehicle seat is known from DE 36 24 398 C2. With such known motor vehicle seat the support unit has mainly a frame-shape. The swivelling bridge is joined to it, the swivelling bridge is placed above the front parts of the support unit. The seat cushion can be fitted to the support unit. The support unit itself is supported by a bottom rest, for example via front or back parallelogram levers a device for height adjustment or directly at the seat rails of longitudinal adjustment devices.
With the seat areas of a motor vehicle seat already known attachment of an upholstery part is time-consuming. In production the motor vehicle seat must be initially produced mainly mechanically, only after that the upholstery part can be attached to it. For the production process this is disadvantageous.
Here the invention sets in. It is the task of the invention to further develop and modify the seat area of the known motor vehicle seat by keeping possibly all its advantages so that the seat upholstery can be finished at an early stage of the production process of the motor vehicle seat and can also be fitted into the motor vehicle seat at any given time of the production procedure.

Seat area of a motor vehicle cushion adjustable in its incline


A pin associated with an identification number (ID) of a subscription device and a sequence number of a credit is output to a user. The pin is inputted to the subscription device. The subscription device is to allow the user to use a resource up to an extension value stored in the subscription device, if the entered pin correlates to a stored pin of the subscription device.

User devices may subscribe to a service over a network from a provider. The service may allow the device to use a resource locally according to a subscription plan. Providers are challenged to provide their services in a reliable and uninterrupted manner to the user device over the network while maintaining security and ease of use.

Use of resource up to extension value by subscription device

HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P.


A method for controlling rollback of a work vehicle may include receiving a signal indicating that a pedal of the work vehicle has been depressed, wherein the work vehicle is initially traveling in a first direction up an inclined surface such that at least one clutch of the transmission is engaged. In addition, the method may include reducing a pressure within the at least one clutch after receiving the signal in order to decelerate the work vehicle in the first direction and engaging a parking brake of the work vehicle as the work vehicle reverses direction and travels in a second direction down the inclined surface.

Continuously variable transmissions (CVTs) utilizing a hydrostatic power unit are well known. A variety of work machines utilize this type of transmission for industries such as agriculture, earth moving, construction, forestry, and mining. During operation, fluid displacement of the hydrostatic, power unit is varied to continuously change the output to input ratio of the transmission (i.e., the transmission ratio). This is accomplished by adjusting the angle of a swash plate of a variable displacement fluid pump or motor of the hydrostatic unit. One example of a CVT utilizing a hydrostatic power unit is described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,063,638 to Weeramantry, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety herein for all purposes.
In order to control the speed of a work vehicle, it is known to have a CVT operably connected to a clutch or "inching" pedal. For example, an operator may be permitted to slow down or stop a work vehicle by simply depressing the inching pedal. When the pedal is depressed, the pressure within an engaged clutch of the transmission may be reduced, which results in slippage of the clutch and less torque being transferred through the transmission. However, while the inching pedal provides an effective means of slowing down a work vehicle, its use can be problematic when the vehicle is operating on an inclined surface (e.g., a hill). In such instances, when the inching pedal is depressed and the work vehicle decelerates, the vehicle may actually reverse directions and begin to roll down the inclined surface. To control such "rollback" of the vehicle, conventional control methods typically require that a shuttle shift be performed as the vehicle reverses directions by swapping directional clutches within the transmission, such as by swapping from the forward directional clutch to the reverse directional clutch). Unfortunately, these control methods make it difficult to control the motion of the vehicle as it reverses directions. For example, the change in torque required to perform the shuttle shift often results in jerky motion that can be felt by the operator.
Accordingly, an improved system and method for controlling rollback of a work vehicle would be welcomed in the technology.

System and method for controlling rollback of a work vehicle


This invention relates to a new field bean variety that produces distinctly colored yellow seed which remain relatively unchanged by season. The invention also relates to a method for producing a field bean plant by crossing a first parent field bean plant with a second parent field bean plant, wherein the first and/or second field bean plant is the field bean plant of the present invention.

Dry edible field beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) such as pintos, great northerns, navies, kidneys, blacks, pinks, etc., contain no cholesterol and very little fat. In combination with other foods, they serve as a complete source of protein. In fact, one cup of cooked dry field beans contains approximately 35% of the U.S. recommended daily allowance of protein.
Beans are also an important source of natural (dietary) fiber, which is a necessary part of the human diet. Dietary fiber is the undigestible part of the foods we eat. Beans possess more dietary fiber per serving than any other unprocessed food. For example, one-half cup of cooked beans contributes up to 6.78 grams of dietary fiber. Other foods high in dietary fiber include other legumes, bran, whole grain breads and cereals, fruits and vegetables.
There are two types of dietary fiber, insoluble and soluble. Insoluble fiber acts in the intestine to increase bulk and relieve constipation. Soluble fiber helps lower blood sugar and cholesterol levels. This means better control for people with diabetes or high blood cholesterol. One study found that by including beans in the daily diet, that blood cholesterol levels were reduced by 10 to 20%. Colorado Dry Bean Advisory Board, Bean Recipes and Nutrition Facts, Colorado Department of Agriculture (1988).
Beans are also a rich source of vitamins and minerals, including iron, potassium, calcium, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus and other trace minerals. They are also a rich natural source of B-complex vitamins.
As demonstrated above, field beans are an important and valuable field crop. Thus, a continuing goal of plant breeders is to discover and develop stable, high yielding bean cultivars that are agronomically sound. To accomplish this goal, the bean breeder must discover, select and develop bean plants that have the traits that result in superior cultivars.


A tool and material carrier adaptable for use on a variety of platforms such as four and three legged step ladders, extension ladders, universal or hinged ladders, platform ladders, scaffolding and the like. The carrier is made of a foldable body which conforms to various platform deigns. A multiple strap system having quick lock and release connectors secures the carrier to the various platforms. The front of the body includes a multi-tiered system of pouches and holders for tools and materials. The rear of the body includes additonal pouches or holders. The carrier includes a holster for gun shaped tools. An electric cord holder provided with or separately from the carrier holds an electric cord close to the working elevation of the platform. The electic cord holder includes a foldable strap having two portions which are matable when the strap is folded to form an opening smaller than the head of an electric cord to secure the electric cord between the two portions. Modular task specific attachments to the carrier provide additional versatility such as an attachable mud pan and mud knive holder or an attachable butane torch holder.

This invention relates generally to carrier devices, and more particularly, to a versatile and adaptable tool and material carrier for use on platforms such as ladders and the like.
The need for apparatus to allow a worker to securely hold tools and other necessary material when working at the top of an elevated platform such as a ladder is well established. Without such an apparatus, a worker can only rest a limited number of tools and materials on the top of the ladder. Such articles are easily dropped from the elevated position resulting in numerous injuries to the worker or another and such injuries can be serious or even fatal.
Such an apparatus creates time and cost savings and increases a worker's efficiency by organizing a great number of tools and materials so as to minimize or eliminate the need to climb up and down the platform to retrieve tools, time lost in looking for tools and materials, and time lost in picking up dropped materials or tools. Such an apparatus also creates cost savings in minimizing the number of broken or damaged tools by reducing or virtually eliminating the droppage rate.
One approach to solving the worker's problem has been to provide a tool belt to be worn by the worker while standing on top of his perch. However, such belts are cumbersome for climbing and are actually dangerous to the worker because of the inherent difficulties to the worker in maintaining balance while wearing such a belt. Additionally, the weight of all of the carried materials or tools is borne by the worker. Thus, it is advantageous for the weight of the materials and tools to be borne by the platform. Various designs have been adapted for such a purpose, but are typically limited to a particular type of platform type such as to an extension ladder or to a step ladder. Also, many of these designs are dangerous because they do not conform well to the ladder or otherwise provide rigid surfaces or obstructions against which a worker can trip or snag and fall off the platform.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,356,854 discloses a work pouch adapted for use with a step ladder. It includes various rigid surfaces, including a rigid central portion which is not readily adapted for use on extension ladders and provides surfaces which could either hang up with the worker or cause the work pouch itself to tip off the ladder. The work pouch does not appear to be readily secured to a variety of ladder types. Likewise, U.S. Pat. No. D317,206 discloses a ladder bag tool holder which also is not particularly adapted for ready use with other ladder types. Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. D315,797 discloses a tool holder which can be used with an extension ladder but which is not readily suited for use on a step-ladder.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,480,810 discloses a ladder caddy somewhat adapted for use with both extension ladders and step ladders. The caddy creates large rigid obstructions relative to the user, which could allow the user to be knocked off balance by the caddy or the caddy to be knocked off the ladder by the user, either scenario creating potential for injury. Likewise, U.S. Pat. No. 4,773,535 discloses a rigid drape for draping over a sawhorse or rail but not particularly adapted for use with either a step ladder or with an extension ladder. The third embodiment disclosed in the patent discloses a tool carrier adapted for use with a step ladder but not with an extension ladder and which is relatively non-conforming to the step ladder.
Ladders come in a variety of designs and types such as four legged and three legged step ladders, extension ladders, hinged ladders, and others. It would be advantageous if a tool and material holder or carrier was adaptable to a variety of ladder or other platform types rather than a single or a very limited number. It would further be advantageous if such an apparatus was adapted to easily and quickly mount to or be removed from the ladder or platform. It would also be advantageous if the carrier could mount securely, conformably, and tautly to the ladder to minimize the potential for obstruction relative to the user or spillage from the carrier. It would also be advantageous if the carrier did not have to be removed from but could remain on the ladder and readily collapse therewith for storage. Relatedly, it would also be advantageous if the carrier apparatus could itself easily fold and store in a tool box or other small storage enclosure. From the standpoint of safety, if would advantageous if the carrier apparatus did not substantially add to the height or weight of the elevated platform and did not have any large rigid surfaces which could snag with the worker. It would additionally be advantageous if the carrier was adapted for use in multiple trades and could readily accept modular attachments for specific tasks or trades. It would further be advantageous if the carrier could hold an extension cord near the working level of the user on the platform.


An electronic calculator for determining truck driver log book values including a liquid crystal display. Also included is a conventional numeric keypad having a matrix of numeric keys for allowing the entering of value signals representative of whole numbers upon the successive depression of the numeric keys and subsequent depression of an enter key. Finally, control circuitry is adapted to store a value signal representative of the number of hours a truck driver worked during a day, to display on the liquid crystal display a date corresponding to the day, to display the liquid crystal display the hours the truck driver worked during the day, to automatically calculate and display on the liquid crystal display a sum of the hours worked by the driver during a first amount of previous days, to automatically calculate and display on the liquid crystal display a maximum of allowable working hours minus the sum of the hours worked by the driver during the first amount of previous days, and to automatically calculate and display on the liquid crystal display a sum of the hours worked by the driver during a second amount of previous days.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electronic calculator for determining truck driver log book values and more particularly pertains to allowing a truck driver to conveniently transcribe information required for an official driver's log monthly summary sheet upon entering the amount of hours worked in a current day.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of log books is known in the prior art. More specifically, log books heretofore devised and utilized for the purpose of tracking a driver's hours are known to consist basically of familiar, expected and obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art which have been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements.
Official truck driver daily log books were developed by the Department of Transportation for combating the increased possibility of accidents associated with driver fatigue. To accomplish such, the Department of Transportation sets a limit of the amount of hours a driver may drive in a given number of days(i.e. 70 hours/8 days or 60 hours/7 days) and requires that the log book which contains the number of hours a driver has worked in a given time period be kept up to date. This rule especially applies to the monthly summary sheet of the log book which is subject to periodic checking by officials. Basically, the summary sheet requires a driver to enter in a first column thereof the number of hours driven in the current day and further calculate and enter in a second column thereof the sum of hours driven in the last 6 or 7 days. The driver must also enter in a third column the number of hours he or she may drive during the next day by subtracting the foregoing sum of hours driven from the associated limit. Finally, the driver must also calculate and enter in a fourth column thereof the sum of hours driven in the last 7 or 8 days. Since drivers are usually fatigued at the cessation of a shift, such calculations are tedious and subject to mistakes which may cost the driver his or her job.
The only pertinent reference which attempts to aid a driver in making such calculations and filling out the monthly summary chart is U.S. Pat. No. 4,916,827 to Rayburn. Such reference discloses a manual guide device for making entries in a trucker's log book. While such device indicates to the user the necessary calculations, it still requires the driver to perform them.
In this respect, the electronic calculator for determining truck driver log book values according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of allowing a truck driver to conveniently transcribe information required for an official driver's log monthly summary sheet upon entering the amount of hours worked in a current day.
Therefore, it can be appreciated that there exists a continuing need for a new and improved electronic calculator for determining truck driver log book values which can be used for allowing a truck driver to conveniently transcribe information required for an official driver's log monthly summary sheet upon entering the amount of hours worked in a current day. In this regard, the present invention substantially fulfills this need.

Electronic calculator for determining truck driver log book values


A card-in/out device for an electrical connector having a base composed of a bottom seat and an upper cover covering over the bottom seat. The device includes a sliding slot structure, a pushing piece and an elastic member. The sliding slot structure disposed in the base has a circulation path formed with a concave first positioning point and an initial second positioning point, and a bottom surface formed with one-way stoppers such that a one-way circulation from the second positioning point to the first positioning point and then the second positioning point is formed. The pushing piece engaged with an inner surface of the upper cover may slide back and forth, and has a push portion to be pushed by an inserted electrical element, and a guiding rod fit into the sliding slot structure. The elastic member provides a force for moving the pushing piece back to an original position.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an electrical connector, and more particularly to a card-in/out device of an electrical connector.
2. Description of the Related Art
A card-in/out device capable of hiding and positioning an inserted card and exposing an ejected card has been widely used in electrical products and computer peripheral products. The card may be, for example, a multimedia storage card or a memory card. The available memory cards for computers have several specifications and include a secure digital card (SDC), a multimedia card (MMC), a smart media card (SMC), a memory stick card (MSC), an XD-picture card (XDC), and the like.
The connector, which is to be connected to the inserted memory card and capable of hiding and positioning the inserted memory card and exposing the ejected memory card, is provided with a card-in/out device, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The connector includes a base 10, terminals 25, a pushing piece 20, a guiding rod 26 and a spring 28.
The base 10 includes a bottom seat 11 and an upper cover 19 covering over the bottom seat 11. As shown in FIG. 3, the bottom seat 11 is made of plastic injection molding and is formed with a receiving slot 18 for receiving one memory card with a variable specification. One side of the receiving slot 18 is one-piece molded to form a heart-like sliding slot 12. One end of the slot 12 is formed with a starting point 13, and the other end of the slot is formed with a stroke point 14, a middle concave positioning point 15 and a card-out starting point 16. The sliding slot 12 is formed with several sloped blocks 7, as illustrated by hatched portions. Thus, a one-way circulation path from the starting point 13 to the stroke point 14, the positioning point 15, the card-out starting point 16 and the starting point 13 is created.
The terminals 25 are arranged in several rows and disposed on the bottom seat 11.
The pushing piece 20 having an inverse U-shape includes two sides pushing against two sides of the receiving slot 18 on the bottom seat 11. A connection hole 21 is formed at a front end of one side of the pushing piece 20.
Two ends of the guiding rod 26 are formed with longitudinal hooks 27 for hooking the connection hole 21 of the pushing piece 20 and the sliding slot 12 of the bottom seat 11, respectively.
The spring 28, which is disposed between the pushing piece 20 and a rear end of the bottom seat 11, provides an elastic force for moving the pushing piece 20, which moves toward the inside of the base 10, back to the original position.
According to the above-mentioned structure, the pushing piece 20 pushed by the inserted memory card drives the guiding rod 26 to slide in the sliding slot 12. Because the sliding slot 12 has a: one-way circulation path, the guiding rod 26 is pushed from the starting point 13 to the stroke point 14 and then pulled back to the positioning point 15 and positioned at the positioning point 15 by the elastic force of the spring when the memory card is inserted. When the card is ejected, the memory card is also pushed, and the guiding rod 26 is pushed from the positioning point 15 to the card-out starting point 16 and then pulled back to the starting point 13 by the elastic force of the spring. Thus, the card in/out function can be achieved.
The conventional structure has the following drawbacks.
1. The pushing piece 20 is formed by way of plastic injection molding, and the intensity of the plastic material is poor and the piece 20 tends to break by an external force.
2. The pushing piece 20 cannot be in forced sliding contact with the base. In order to make the pushing piece 20 be assembled in the base stably, the pushing piece 20 must have an inverse U-shape such that the piece 20 can be stably placed on the bottom seat 11 and then pressed by the upper cover for positioning. However, the inverse U-shape of the pushing piece tends to waste a large amount of material and the plastic material is brittle and weak. So, the pushing piece 20 tends to break more easily.
3. The pushing piece 20 is positioned in the bottom seat 11. If the bottom seat 11 is divided into multiple sub-seats floating over the upper cover, the pushing piece cannot be positioned over the sub-seats.
4. The pushing piece and the spring is disposed and assembled on the bottom seat 11 and then the upper cover covers the pushing piece and the spring for positioning. So, the card-in/out effect of the product cannot be tested until the overall product has been assembled. If the product test fails, the product has to be disassembled for reconstruction or to be throw away.

Card-in/out device for an electrical connector


The mobile part of a fan includes at least one rotor of an electric motor and fan blades integral with the rotor. A rotating fixed part includes at least one stator of the electric motor. The fan additionally includes at least part of the electric motor that includes the stator arranged in an enclosed chamber. The motor-operated fan includes structure for guiding a first fluid passing through at least one of the mobile part and fixed part of the motor-operated fan between a fist zone with a first pressure of the first fluid outside the enclosed chamber on a first side of the blades of the motor-operated fan in an axial direction, and a second zone with a second pressure on a second side of the blades of the motor-operated fin outside the enclosed chamber, the second pressure being less than the first pressure. A second fluid contained in the enclosed chamber is circulated, in thermal contact with the guiding means for the first fluid, in such a way as to cool at least a part of the electric motor by circulation of the first and of the second fluids.

The invention relates to a motor-operated fan for circulating a fluid in a heat-exchange plant-and to a process for cooling the motor for driving the motor-operated fan.
In heat exchange plants of large dimensions, in which very large quantities of heat are transferred, it may be necessary to use a motor-operated fan to circulate one of the exchange fluids.
In particular, in the plants for cooling the condenser associated with the turbine of a nuclear reactor, it is becoming common to use, as a replacement for the very tall cooling towers using natural circulation of air, shorter cooling towers in which are disposed refrigerating installations making it possible to cool the water of the condenser by circulation of atmospheric air. It is thus possible to use shorter towers which blend more easily into the landscape of the site of the nuclear power station.
In the case of cooling towers using natural circulation of air, a current of atmospheric air is produced by natural draft inside the tower and the water to be cooled is circulated, generally in a counter-current relative to the cooling air, in a divided form making it possible to assist the thermal contact. The cooling of the water is achieved mainly by evaporating a part of this water inside the cooling tower.
In certain cooling towers, cross-current circulation is employed, instead of counter-current circulation of water and of cooling air.
In the case of shorter cooling towers comprising refrigerating installations, these refrigerating installations each comprise a fan for circulating cooling air. For example, in the case of a nuclear power station rated at 1300 MWe, an assembly of eighteen refrigerating installations is used, comprising eighteen fans for circulating cooling air.
The fans may be arranged downstream of the zone of heat exchange between the cooling air and the water; the draft is then said to be xe2x80x9cinducedxe2x80x9d.
The fans can also be arranged -upstream of the heat exchange zone; one then speaks of a xe2x80x9cforcedxe2x80x9d draft.
Fans having, mechanical draft of cooling air must be driven by an electric motor which may be of the indirect drive or direct drive type. In the case of an indirect-drive fan, the revolving part of the fan comprising the blades for churning the air is driven by way of a gear train.
In the case of a direct-drive fan or motor-operated fan, the churning blades are directly integral with the rotor of the electric motor.
One type of electric motor which is particularly well suited to the case of a direct-drive fan is the disk-type motor whose rotor generally comprises permanent magnets fixed on one or more disks, cooperating with the coils of the stator.
The electric motors for driving motor-operated fans with high power ratings must be cooled during their operation.
The use of an auxiliary cooling device increases the installation and operating costs of the motor-operated fans and makes their design and use more complex.
Cooling the electric motor for driving a fan using cooling air circulated by the fan has the drawback of bringing into contact with the electrical parts of the motor, and in particular with the windings of the stator, a fluid which exhibits a certain amount of humidity and which may contain polluting substances.
The aim of the invention is therefore to propose a motor-operated fan for circulating a fluid in a heat exchange plant of large dimensions comprising a mobile part rotating about an axis of the motor-operated fan comprising at least one rotor of an electric motor for driving the motor-operated fan and fan blades integral with the rotor, and a rotating fixed part comprising at least one stator of the electric motor, it being possible to cool this motor-operated fan without using an auxiliary element and an external source of power.
With this aim:
a part at least of the electric motor comprising the stator is arranged in an enclosed chamber, and
the motor-operated fan comprises means for guiding a first fluid passing through one at least of the mobile part and fixed part of the motor-operated fan between a first zone with a first pressure of the first fluid outside the enclosed chamber on a first side of the blades of the motor-operated fan in the axial direction, and a second zone with a second pressure on a second side of the blades of the motor-operated fan outside the enclosed chamber, the second pressure being less than the first pressure and means for circulating a second fluid contained in the enclosed chamber, in thermal contact with the means for guiding the first fluid, in such a way as to cool at least a part of the electric motor of the motor-operated fan by circulation of the first and of the second fluids.
The invention also relates to the process for cooling the motor-operated fan.
To provide a proper understanding of the invention, a motor-operated fan according to the invention having direct drive comprising a disk-type motor will be described by way of example whilst referring to the appended figures.


In order to implement optimal CFI control under a cross-carrier scheduling environment and improve PDSCH transmission efficiency, for the MACRO_UE2 where the cross-carrier scheduling is employed, the PDSCH initiation position of CC1 that is used to transmit PDCCH is dynamically controlled, and the PDSCH initiation position of CC2 that is not used to transmit PDCCH is quasi-statically controlled. For the PICO_UE2 where the cross-carrier scheduling is employed, the PDSCH initiation position of CC2 that is used to transmit PDCCH is dynamically controlled, and the PDSCH initiation position of CC1 that is not used to transmit PDCCH is dynamically controlled.

A communication scheme subsequent to wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) or high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), that is, long-term evolution (LTE) has been established by a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standardization group. In LTE, as a radio access scheme, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is employed in downlink, and single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is employed in uplink.
In OFDMA, a frequency band is divided into a plurality of narrow frequency bands (subcarriers), and data are conveyed on each frequency band for transmission. Fast transmission is implemented by densely arranging subcarriers over frequencies without interference while they partially overlap with one another, so that it is possible to increase spectral efficiency.
In SC-FDMA, it is possible to alleviate interference between terminals by dividing the frequency band and transmitting signals using different frequency bands between a plurality of terminals. In SC-FDMA, since transmission power fluctuation is reduced, it is possible to reduce power consumptions in terminals and implement wide coverage.
The LTE system performs communication by causing a plurality of mobile stations (user equipment: UE) to share one or more physical channels in both uplink and downlink. The channel shared by a plurality of the mobile stations UEs is generally called a shared channel. In LTE, the shared channel is referred to as a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) in uplink and as a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) in downlink.
In the communication system using the shared channel described above, it is necessary to perform signaling regarding which mobile station UE the shared channel is allocated to in every subframe which is a unit of transmission time. The subframe may be referred as a transmission time interval (TTI).
In LTE, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) is defined as a downlink control channel used in the signaling described above. Furthermore, a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) is defined as a control channel for notifying the number of OFDM symbols used in PDCCH, and a physical hybrid-ARQ indicator channel (PHICH) is defined as a control channel for transmitting ACK/NACK information of the hybrid-ARQ for PUSCH.
The downlink control information carried on PDCCH includes, for example, downlink scheduling information, an uplink scheduling grant, an overload indicator, and a transmission power control command bit (Non-patent Literature 1). In addition, the downlink scheduling information includes, for example, downlink resource block allocation information, an identification of UE, the number of streams, information on precoding vectors, a data size, a modulation scheme, and information on a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). In addition, the uplink scheduling grant includes, for example, uplink resource block allocation information, an identification of UE, a data size, a modulation scheme, uplink transmission power information, and information on a demodulation reference signal.
In the PCFICH, the number of OFDM symbols for PDCCH mapping is notified as control channel format information (control channel format indicator: CFI). In LTE, the number of OFDM symbols for PDCCH mapping is set to 1, 2, or 3. In addition, PDCCH is mapped from the leading end of the OFDM symbols in a single subframe (Non-patent Literature 2).
In downlink, a range corresponding to the CFI (number of OFDM symbols) notified on PCFICH from the leading end of the subframe becomes a control channel area allocated to PDCCH. The mobile station decodes the control channel area and further decodes a radio resource allocated to PDSCH based on the downlink control information if there is information destined to the mobile station itself.

Radio communication system for optimal CFI control in a cross-carrier scheduling environment


Embodiments of the present invention provide a touchscreen apparatus user interface processing method. The method includes obtaining touch information; arranging a first user interface of an application program according to the touch information, where the arrangement is adjusting an element position of the user interface; and presenting a second user interface that is of the application program and is obtained after the arrangement. A touchscreen apparatus and a graphical user interface are also provided.

A touchscreen apparatus (such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, and an automatic teller machine that have a touchscreen) works by using a voltage on an X-Y electrode grid that covers the touchscreen apparatus. When a finger approaches an electrode, capacitance changes and is measurable. By comparing measured values of all electrodes, a position of the finger may be precisely located, that is, position information and pressure information of a touch point are determined.
With the development of science and technology, a screen of a touchscreen apparatus is becoming larger, which causes operational inconvenience while bringing visual enjoyment to a user. An existing touchscreen apparatus is only used to determine position information and pressure information of an operation performed by a user on content of a user interface. When the user uses a touchscreen apparatus with a large screen, because it is inconvenient to operate the large screen, interactivity between the touchscreen apparatus and the user becomes poor and an intelligent level is low.

Touchscreen apparatus user interface processing method and touchscreen apparatus


A power supply controlling apparatus includes: a first determination portion that determines whether a power supply is output from an information processing apparatus that outputs a video signal and is connected to the power supply controlling apparatus; a second determination portion that, when it is determined that the power supply is output from the information processing apparatus, determines whether a switch signal that indicates turning off a power supply of a power supply device supplying the power supply to the information processing apparatus has been received from a remote device outputting the switch signal in response to the depression of a switch, the power supply device and the remote device being connected to the power supply controlling apparatus; and a discard portion that discards the switch signal when it is determined that the switch signal has been received from the remote device.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a power supply controlling apparatus which is connected to an information processing apparatus outputting a video signal and a power supply device supplying a power supply to the information processing apparatus, and a power supply controlling system which has a remote device that indicates turning on or off the power supply of the power supply device, and the power supply controlling apparatus.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, there has been known technique that controls turning on and off, and resetting a power supply of a personal computer from a remote telephone terminal (see Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2005-318004). Also, there has been conventionally known technique that controls a power supply of a computer from a remote user terminal (see Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2006-172186).
When the power supply of the computer is controlled by remote control, if a signal turning off the power supply of the computer is sent from a remote terminal to the computer by accident, there is a problem that data of the computer under operation is deleted.

Power supply controlling apparatus and power supply controlling system


The present application relates to a cold plasma device (1) for treating skin (5). The cold plasma device (1) comprises a cold plasma generator (3) adapted to generate cold plasma that produces reactive species for treating said skin (5), and a manipulator (10) adapted to manipulate said skin (5) to increase exposure of bacteria on said skin to said reactive species during use of the device.

It is known to use a cold plasma device to disinfect objects. A cold atmospheric plasma generates reactive species, such as oxygen and nitrogen species, that are biologically active and able to inactivate bacteria.
US2013/310731 discloses a method and device for non-thermal plasma treatment of human tissue in which method a current through the both the plasma and the tissue is employed to maintain the plasma proximate to the tissue being treated.
US2014/200506 discloses method and device for treating a nail fungal infection by providing an electrode adapted to be place proximate to the area of interest and applying an electrical field and a plasma to the area of interest.
US2012/0259270 discloses a cold plasma device that includes a flexible electrode and dielectric assembly that can adapt to the shape of the surface being treated. When the device is being used on skin, the flexibility of the electrode and dielectric will create an even spacing between the dielectric and the skin.
Flexible surfaces often have inaccessible areas caused by features of the surface (for example folds or crevices), and so the reactive species may not be able to reach into these areas, even if the shape of the cold plasma device is adapted to the shape of the surface. Skin typically has inherent cavities, for example hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, wrinkles, and cavities formed underneath layers of corneocytes. Bacteria can be present in these cavities and the reactive species of the cold plasma may not be able to penetrate into the cavities.


Network data gap is determined and reported to enable a user to validate that all the traffic that was intended to be monitored is being monitored in monitoring and/or troubleshooting tools for observation of network traffic and network installation and maintenance. Span port oversubscription, incomplete span configuration, incorrectly placed network taps and monitoring device packet drop may thereby be detected and reported as data gap.

This invention relates to networking, and more particularly to monitoring and analysis of network traffic.
In a computer networking environment, users may install and deploy monitoring and/or troubleshooting tools for observation of network traffic and network installation and maintenance. It is common to configure a set of network span or mirror ports on a switch/router/etc., install network taps, install devices inline, etc. A network span or mirror combines the data from multiple (one or more) network interfaces on a switch/router/etc. such that the data can be exported on a single port. The network monitoring and analysis devices can then get extended visibility across numerous network segments from a single interface. A network tap allows the user to install a device inline between points on a network and gain similar extended visibility into the network segments.
In many cases, the network environment is complex enough that, with the best intentions, a user will install taps or spans incorrectly. Typical configuration issues include but are not limited to:
1. Oversubscription of the span (including too many hi-bandwidth data flows such that the amount of data aggregated across the spanned ports can exceed available throughput capacity of the span port).
2. Incorrectly places taps (placement such that part of the data is missing due to the route the data takes across the network).
3. Incomplete configuration (span or tap configuration such that part of the data is missing).
4. Monitoring device dropping data (the device receiving the data is unable to process all of the data).
These issues can result in false determination that network problems exist, leading to wasted time and resources trying to track non-existent network problems.

Method and apparatus of measuring and reporting data gap from within an analysis tool


A CMOS voltage regulator uses clock signals from an adaptive swing clock generator to control the output voltage of a charge pumping circuit. A divided portion of the output voltage is fed to a differential amplifier, where it is compared to a pre-set reference voltage. A negative feedback signal is generated from the differential amplifier and inputted to the adaptive swing clock generator, where it causes the clock signals to change amplitude in an inverse relationship to changes in the output voltage. When the divided portion of the output voltage equals the pre-set reference voltage, a steady-state output voltage condition is achieved.

It is often desirable to generate internal voltages which are higher than the available power supply voltage for certain integrated circuit applications. For example, an operating voltage of 10V to 12V is usually required for programming a nonvolatile memory cell, such as an EPROM or a Flash memory. To meet this demand, charge pumping circuits are typically used to generate such on-chip high voltages. The conventional voltage multiplier circuit proposed by J. F. Dickson in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-11, pages 374-378, June 1976, is shown in FIG. 1. The original circuit consists of many diodes and capacitors. Capacitors C and Cs are the pumping capacitors and the stray (parasitic) capacitors, respectively. The circuit is also driven by two nonoverlapping clocks, .o slashed.1 and .o slashed.2. The clock amplitude V.sub..o slashed. is usually the same as the power supply voltage VDD. The output voltage of the circuit, Vout, can be expressed as ##EQU1## where Vd is the forward voltage drop of a diode, n is the number of pumping stages, Iout is the output current loading and f is the frequency of the driving clock.
From the above equation, it is clear that the magnitude of the output voltage Vout has a proportional relationship to the number of pumping stages and to the clock amplitude V.sub..o slashed.. Although this conventional charge pumping circuit may be used for on-chip high voltage generation, its stability is sensitive to process variations and operating conditions, such as temperature and voltage.
To enhance the reliability of nonvolatile memory, a constant voltage generating circuit is often desired. For this purpose, modifications to the Dickson voltage multiplier circuit have been developed in the prior art.
One example is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open Publication JP-A-4-372571, as shown in FIG. 2. This constant voltage generating circuit comprises a step-up circuit 50 (charge pumping circuit), a clamp circuit 60a, a voltage detecting circuit 70a, and a clock control circuit 80a. (For detailed circuit descriptions, please refer to U.S. Pat. No. 5,499,183, Column 1, line 12, to Column 2, line 46, in regard to FIG. 1A). In summary, the output voltage VPP is initially `logic low`. As its voltage level is stepped up, the voltage level VB is elevated to `logic high`. The output of inverter I71 changes its state to `logic low`, so that the external clock is disabled by NAND gate N81. Since the external clock is not transmitted to the clock input terminal, the step-up circuit 50 stops its operation. Once the step-up circuit 50 stops its operation, the output voltage VPP is maintained at a constant voltage level, with reduced power dissipation. However, the clamp circuit 60a is basically a resistive voltage divider, so this circuit has a certain level of dc power consumption. In addition, the voltage detecting circuit, inverter I71, has a logic threshold voltage which is inherently sensitive to process variation and operating voltage. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a precise, stable VPP voltage.
Another example is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,602,794, issued to J. J. Javanifard et al. This invention relates to a charge pump with a variable number of stages, as opposed to a fixed number of stages. As shown in FIG. 3, the two charge pumping circuits 110 and 120 are connected in parallel for the lower voltage generation, while for the higher voltage generation, the two charge pumping circuits are connected in series, via control switches 130 and 131. Therefore, the output voltage level can be controlled by changing the interconnecting configuration of charge pumping circuits.
A similar prior art technique is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,634, issued to D. B. Parlour et al. As shown in FIG. 4, a voltage tripler circuit has a comparator U51 to detect the output voltage from the capacitive voltage divider (capacitors C51 and C52). Initially, the voltage level at node N53 is `logic low`, such that the output of comparator U51 is `logic high`, and the output Q of latch L51 is also `logic high`. Therefore, all pumping capacitors C54 and C55 are activated by nonoverlapping clock signals .o slashed.1 and .o slashed.2. When VPP is high enough, the output of the comparator U51 changes its state to `logic low`. As a result, the output Q of latch L51 is also `logic low`, which disables the pumping operation of capacitor C54. Once the pumping capacitor C54 stops its operation, the output VPP is maintained at its voltage level by the pumping capacitor C55. With regard to minimizing dc power consumption, the capacitive voltage divider of Parlour et al. is preferable to the prior art resistive voltage divider of FIG. 2. However, the circuit shown in FIG. 4 still focuses on controlling the output voltage by varying the number of pumping stages, which makes it difficult to achieve a precise, stable output voltage level.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. It is a further object of the present invention to minimize dc power consumption in the inventive circuit.

Voltage regulation circuit with adaptive swing clock scheme

Industrial Technology Research Institute


Disclosed is a unique fuel and air premixing system for a gas turbine catalytic combustion system. The mixer utilizes a multi-channel counter-rotating swirler with aerodynamically shaped fuel pegs located upstream of the swirler. The premixing system provides the downstream catalyst with a fuel-air mixture sufficiently uniform for proper catalyst operation and wide operating limits. Features have been incorporated in the system to make it resistant to flameholding.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to a catalytic combustor for a gas turbine engine, and in particular, to a fuel-air mixer for a catalytic combustor for a gas turbine engine.
2. Description of Related Art
One widely used device for the generation of electricity, power, and heat is the gas turbine engine. A typical gas turbine engine operates by intaking air and pressurizing it using a rotating compressor. The pressurized air is passed through a chamber, or "combustor," wherein fuel is mixed with the air and burned. The high temperature combustion of the fuel-air mixture expands across a rotating turbine, resulting in a torque created by the turbine. The turbine may then be coupled to an external load to harness the mechanical energy. Gas turbine engines are commonly used for electrical generators, and to power turbo-prop aircraft, pumps, compressors, and other devices that may benefit from rotational shaft power.
In a typical gas turbine engine, the combustion chamber, fuel delivery system, and control system are designed to ensure that the correct proportions of fuel and air are injected and mixed within one or more "combustors." A combustor is typically a metal container, or compartment, where the fuel and air are mixed and burned. Within each combustor, there is typically a set of localized zones where the peak combustion temperatures are achieved. These peak temperatures commonly reach temperatures in the range of 3300 degrees Fahrenheit. These high temperatures also become the source of nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide (NOx) emissions, a known pollutant. Typically, to prevent thermal distress or damage to these metallic combustion chambers, a significant amount of the compressor air passes around the outside of the combustors to cool the combustors. The air, which then drives the turbine, is a combined mix of the hot combustion gasses and this cooling air. The resulting hot gas yield, which is admitted to the inlet of the turbine, is delivered at a temperature in the range of 2400° F. at full load for a typical industrial gas turbine. Unfortunately, virtually all of the NOx produced in the peak temperature zones within the combustor is exhausted into the atmosphere.
One method for reducing NOx formation in the combustion processes of a gas turbine engine includes premixing the fuel and air. As the fuel-to-air ratio changes within a combustor, the NOx, formation within the combustor changes due to variations in the peak flame temperature and the availability of oxygen as the fuel-to-air ratio is altered. Premixing the fuel and air increases the uniformity of the fuel-air mixture and thereby provides temperature uniformity. The temperature uniformity minimizes the formation of high flame temperature zones and reduces the production of NOx.
Numerous mixers and mixing devices are known for premixing fuel and air in conjunction with conventional combustors. One type of mixer, which is often referred to as an "open mixer," includes gas issuing from an orifice and being entrained with air within a long downstream region due to the kinetic energy of the high velocity flow path of the air and gas. Open mixers do not employ any internal obstructions and generally require the long downstream region for complete mixing. Another type of mixer includes internal baffles or swirlers, which divert flow paths to create shear and enhance turbulent mixing of the fuel and air without the long downstream region.
Drawbacks of conventional premixing designs, which employ internal baffles or swirlers, include flameholding, central vortex breakdowns, and recirculation in regions downstream of the baffles or swirlers. Flameholding generally refers to the premature auto-ignition of the fuel and air within the premixing region that is typically caused by insufficient flow velocity in the premixing region. Central vortex breakdowns and recirculation generally occurs in regions downstream from the baffles or swirlers, referred to as a diffuser region, and may be caused by too much or too little turbulence caused by the baffles or swirlers.

Fuel-air premixing system for a catalytic combustor


Inflatable beam (1) comprising fire hoses or other industrial seamless hoses with woven textile braiding, inner air-tight lining and optional outer protective coating, is composed of an assembly of at least three hoses (2) arranged longitudinally side by side, where ends of the hose (2) are closed by a closure (3). At least one of the hoses (2) comprises at least one inlet and/or discharge member (4) for an inflating medium. The hoses (2) are at the point of contact of their circumferences, or at place of the closest distance of their circumferences mechanically connected by stiff connections (5) spaced along the length of the assembly of the hoses (2), at least one length (L) of at least one hose (2) between adjacent connections (5) of the hoses (2) is smaller than the length (M) of the other hoses (2) between these connections (5).

Inflatable beams are commonly known and used as supporting structures of tents, roofings, shelters, and the like. These inflatable beams are typically tubular, either continually inflated or airtight.
In case of continually inflated beams, the problem is low operating pressure (approx. 1 kPa) and necessary large diameter of the beams related thereto, as well as the need for continual air inflation.
Operating pressure in airtight beams is typically 15 to 40 kPa, what significantly helps to reduce the diameter of the beams. Regarding the strength of the material from which they are made, the higher pressure is however undesirable (destructive), and therefore such beams need to be equipped with overpressure valves. It is common that increased pressure resulting from an increase in air volume during sunny days is compensated by overpressure valves. However, afterwards in cold night hours released air is missing and a tent, its supporting structure respectively, usually collapses.
In order to overcome mentioned problem, seamless inflatable beams with higher operating pressure without a need of pressure compensation through overpressure valves appear to be the most advantageous.
In order to overcome the mentioned disadvantage, e.g. fire hoses are used, which are easily available. The use of fire hoses as a roof structure supports is disclosed in EP 0810339. This solution allows for formation of temporary roofing by means of the structure which comprises inflatable beams, advantageously formed of the fire hoses. These hoses are at their ends connected to rigid supporting elements arranged in a row. When creating the cover for an area, rigid supporting elements are placed along the sides of the area to be covered, whereas these elements also serve as an air supply duct for the said hoses. The hoses are connected with their respective ends to these supporting elements, which after inflating thus form an arc, a series of arches respectively, between said supporting elements. A cover sheet is then fixed upon the series of arches. This solution provides arched cover opened at the ends (a tunnel); however, due to the system of supporting elements it is not suitable for tent structures.
A tent is known from SK 6715 Y1 having inflatable support structure which uses as inflatable beam made of standard fire hose or other industrial seamless hose with outer textile braiding, the hose being closed at each end by a plug, at least one of which comprises air inflation or discharge member, and at least one end of the hose is attached to or placed against the outer cover of the tent or the floor portion of the tent. The use of standard fire hoses or other industrial seamless hoses with outer textile braiding and an internal airtight lining allows for higher operating pressure without a need for pressure compensation by overpressure valves. The shape and overall size of the tent structure is thus defined and does not change even at the pressure fluctuations caused by a change of temperature or pressure of the outside environment. Due to the fact that the tent cover and the floor portion generally form one piece, or the ends of the hose are anchored to the floor portion, the hose is formed into a substantially arcuate shape, in particular according to the shape predefined by the design of outer cover and the floor portion.
The inflatable beam of SK 6715 Y1 provides a relatively inexpensive high strength element for inflatable supporting structures. One disadvantage of the beam as disclosed in the mentioned document is that it can only be used in combination with other tent parts, which will ensure its bending in the arc when this beam is being inflated. This beam as such is not capable to acquire desired shape after inflating, and therefore it cannot be used to form, e.g., a stand-alone arc serving, for example, for holding and suspending of technical items, e.g. lighting.
Though it is obvious that constructions employing the beam of SK 6715 Y1 have high strength and stability with regard to a change of temperature or environment, it is possible to build tents only up to certain dimensions, and it is not possible to use such beam as stand-alone, out of the entire tent structure.
Object of this technical solution is to substantially eliminate deficiencies of the prior art that consist especially in limited use of the inflatable beam formed of standard fire hose or other industrial seamless hose with outer textile braiding, due to its strength and also its own structure.

Inflatable beam and use of this inflatable beam