An animal deterrent device includes an elongated carrier having a conductive trace. The carrier can further include a bottom surface with a tread pattern having a pattern of grooves. The conductive trace can be coupled to the carrier by a fastener that extends from the conductive trace to the pattern of grooves, which can prevent water from contacting the fastener and shorting the conductive trace.

There are numerous animal deterring devices known in the art, and many of those use electric current to deter, and in some case even kill birds and other relatively small animals. For example, where a relatively large structure is to be protected, a blanket can be configured to include a plurality of vertically arranged and spaced apart electrodes as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,925,748. While such devices may protect a relatively large area, numerous disadvantages remain. Among other things, pooling of water must be avoided at all times to allow for continuous operation. Moreover, as such devices are typically flexible, inadvertent short circuiting may occur by folding or bending a portion of the blanket.
This and all other extrinsic materials discussed herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. Where a definition or use of a term in an incorporated reference is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply.
Other known electrified devices include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,015,176 and EPO no. 1314355 in which a string-shaped carrier includes conductive traces embedded or attached to the carrier. Similarly, string-shaped structures may be formed from braided wire that further includes insulator disks as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,031,353. While such devices are generally simple to manufacture and operate, various difficulties remain. Among other problems, such devices often fail to operate properly when moisture or rain runs along the wire, or where droppings are deposited on the wire. Similar disadvantages are observed in devices that have a rail with partially embedded conductive traces from which raised conductive tabs protrude as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,006,698, or in devices having a rail with two elevated conductive traces as described in U.S. pat. appl. no. 2005/0132635. Such devices are particularly sensitive to puddling or fecal contamination.
In still further known electrified deterring devices, conductive traces are mounted to an elevated carrier portion that includes spaces to allow for drainage and flexible installation as shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,283,064 and 6,928,768. While such devices are often more reliable than known devices when exposed to moisture or droppings, other disadvantages arise. For example, due to the raised position of the wires, installation is frequently esthetically less pleasing than relatively flat rail-type structures. Moreover, positioning of the wires is at a fixed distance and in a manner that will allow at least some birds to perch in a position in which the bird will not receive the electrical impulse or current.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,481,021 discusses that the conductors can be sewn to the base to facilitate bending of the conductor and base. However, this is problematic because the stitches disposed on the bottom surface of the base can come into contact with water, which can seep up the thread and cause the conductors to short. While this problem can be eliminated by disposing the stitches in glue troughs that are filled with adhesive, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,015,747 and 8,020,340, there may be situations where glue troughs are not desirable.
Thus, while there are numerous devices and methods for deterring animals, and especially birds are known in the art, all or almost all of them suffer from various disadvantages. Thus, there is still a need for new configurations and methods for bird deterrents.

Electrified bird deterrent device with treads


The present invention discloses a method for providing balanced power to a single-phase ac load from a three-phase ac power source. The method includes imposing an isolation power transformer between the ac power source and the load wherein the isolation transformer has a three-phase primary winding and a six-phase "wye" connected secondary winding, at least one of the three legs of the secondary having a center tap and being connected to the load such that the center tap provides a reference potential for the load and the reactive load currents are equal and inversely-phased with respect to the reference potential.

Three-phase power has been the primary method of power distribution for many years. However, for many uses, such as incandescent lights, most home appliances, and various types of other electrical and electronic equipment, which present a single-phase load to the power source, it is necessary to acquire single phase power from the three-phase power being supplied in order to operate.
As the typical single-phase load requires a single-phase power source with which to operate, customarily a single-phase power transformer is connected across one of the three outputs of the three-phase power source to convert three-phase power into single-phase power for the purpose of operating the single-phase load. However, this configuration often results in excessive current distortion in the three-phase power source.
Another method for accomplishing this objective is to use three separate conventional single-phase transformers that are connected to the three-phase source. This method allows for a more evenly balanced current load and is less likely to cause current distortion than the use of only one single-phase transformer.
Three-phase "wye" transformers are also being used as a means of distributing single-phase power from a three-phase source. This is accomplished by interposing a delta-to-wye three-phase transformer between the three-phase source and the single-phase load. This method also provides for a more evenly divided current load and is less likely to cause current distortion than simply connecting one single-phase power transformer across two of the three phases of the power source.
These methods, however, may result in major problems in power quality which will adversely affect sophisticated electronic equipment, particularly such equipment in current use which constitutes a non-linear type load. Switching power supplies often found in digital electronic loads and fluorescent lighting are two examples of this non-linear loading. Among the problems non-linear loading creates are: excessive reactive currents, excessive EMI/RFI emissions, poor power factor, harmonic distortion and nuisance grounding currents.
Interposing a single-phase transformer having a secondary winding with a center tap thereon which is used for grounding purposes only to provide a balanced single-phase voltage source (e.g. 120/60V), as is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,640,314, creates an unbalanced current load on the three-phase source and the use of three such transformers is very cumbersome and expensive.

Three-phase to six-phase wye transformer power system


An aqueous-based, pleasant tasting, non-toxic bubble-making composition of at least one surfactant, at least one bubble-stabilizer functionally compatible with the selected surfactant(s) and other constituents of the composition, appearing in quantities relative to each other and the composition as a whole sufficient to produce bubbles of the desired form, size and stability but non-toxic if consumed orally in substantial quantities by a child, and at least one taste-enhancing agent functionally compatible with the composition as a whole in quantities relative thereto to produce a bubble-making composition which is relatively pleasant tasting.

A wide variety of bubble making compositions are known in the prior art which are suitable for generating stable bubbles of widely varying sizes by a number of different techniques, such a bubble-blowing pipes or closed rings which are dipped in the bubble making liquid and then waved through the air or blown against to generate bubbles.
Children frequently catch the bubbles on their tongues or put small quantities of the bubble liquid into their mouths. Most commercially available liquid bubble making compositions contain an alkyl aryl benzene sulfonate surfactant which produces highly stable, large bubbles but, regrettably is exceedingly bitter tasting and, if consumed in sufficient quantities, likely to cause illness. Therefore, the use of such compositions by small children, should be carefully supervised.
Other surfactants commonly used in bubble making compositions, such as some of the soaps, are irritating to the eyes as well as unpleasant tasting.
Most bubble making compositions are generally aqueous solutions or mixtures containing a surfactant and one or more bubble stabilizers. However, the selection of the proper combination and relative concentrations of surfactant and bubble stabilizer is quite critical to the character, size and stability of the bubble generated as well as the temperature/time related stability of the liquid composition itself. When other ingredients are added to the mixture, undesirable interactions can occur adversely affecting the stability of the composition. Therefore, the preparation of a bubble making composition which is relatively non-toxic, pleasant tasting but generates durable, long lasting bubbles of the proper size and which is both time and temperature stable is a demanding task.

Non-toxic, pleasant tasting bubble making composition


A battery capable of inhibiting swollenness of the battery is provided. A cathode and an anode are layered with a separator and an electrolyte layer in between. The anode contains an anode active material containing Sn or Si as an element. The electrolyte layer contains an electrolytic solution and a high molecular weight compound. It is preferable that the distance between the cathode and the anode is from 15 μm to 50 μm, and the distance between the cathode and the separator and the distance between the anode and the separator are respectively from 3 μm to 20 μm. Thereby, expansion of the anode is absorbed, stress on the anode is reduced, and occurrence of wrinkles in the anode is inhibited.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a battery in which a cathode and an anode are oppositely arranged with an electrolyte layer in between.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, many portable electronic devices such as a combination camera, a mobile phone, and a notebook personal computer have been introduced, and downsizing of such devices has been made. Therefore, research for improving the energy density of the secondary battery used as a power source for such electronic devices has been promoted. Specially, since a lithium ion secondary battery can provide a higher energy density compared to a traditional lead battery or a traditional nickel cadmium battery, the lithium ion secondary battery is widely used.
In the lithium ion secondary battery, as an anode material, carbon materials such as non-graphitizable carbon and graphite have been traditionally used. However, since the capacity of such carbon materials is already saturated, it is difficult to further obtain a higher capacity. Therefore, as an anode material, using silicon (Si) or tin (Sn) has been considered (for example, refer to U.S. Pat. No. 4,950,566).


A method and apparatus for mitigating communications interference between satellite communications systems in different orbits is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of evaluating a geometrical relationship between a second ground station and the satellites in the second satellite constellation, and directing communications between the second ground station and the second satellite according to the evaluated geometrical relationship. In one embodiment communications are handed over from a first satellite to another satellite when the first satellite is no longer at the highest elevation angle of visible satellites. In another embodiment, handover occurs when the first satellite drops below a minimum elevation angle.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to systems and methods of designing, operating and maintaining satellite communication systems and in particular to a system and method for mitigating communications interference between satellite communications systems in different orbits.
2. Description of the Related Art
The need for worldwide communications communication is growing rapidly. This growth is propelled by the convergence of the telecommunications and computer industries, the rapid expansion of wireless technologies and the ever-expanding use of the Internet, which has made significant inroads into everyday life. The growth of small offices and home offices, the emergence of a mobile work force, and the development of multimedia applications have also contributed to the rapid growth of data related communications.
The emerging market for Internet/Intranet/Extranet connections requires a satellite system capable of providing short-delay, global-coverage, and high-bandwidth communication. The rapidly growing demand for Internet connections which require broadband data communication, known as access services (AS).
Internet service providers (ISPs) and related telecommunications providers are currently enhancing existing technologies and creating new infrastructures to support Internet services. Web access, electronic commerce, and remote access will soon be services available to everyone. Online data applications are rapidly going beyond basic email and file transfer functionality to encompass services such as videoconferencing, interactive multimedia collaborations and multicasting.
As Internet and multimedia applications increasingly drive the rapid growth of internetworking service markets, end-users of these services require that service providers transmit and process more data more rapidly.
Online user growth is skyrocketing as users discover the World Wide Web as a superior technology platform for delivering news, information, correspondence and entertainment. By the year 2000, the number of Internet users is expected to reach close to 300 million worldwide with more than four million business sites established on the Internet. Over 580 million computers in use by the year 2000, and total global IP services revenues are forecast to top $16 billion by 2002. Further, total online U.S. households are forecasted to reach 35 million by the year 2000.
Also fueling the demand for more bandwidth is e-commerce, which is growing at a remarkable rate. Increasingly, businesses realize that creating a business presence on the Internet allows them to reach more people economically. Consumers have embraced e-commerce due to its convenience and timesaving nature. As a result, e-commerce is expected to grow to $400 billion by the year 2002, accounting for approximately 8% of all retail purchases worldwide.
These millions of online transactions will require immediate connectivity solutions, especially in areas of the world where little or no Internet infrastructure is available creating a comprehensive terrestrial infrastructure will be too costly and time consuming. Moreover, intelligent agents that can facilitate user tasks (such as price comparisons) will further increase bandwidth needs.
Another development fueling the demand for bandwidth is Internet telephony service, a nascent market poised for dramatic growth. It has been forecasted that by 1999, Internet phone service worldwide will grow from virtually nothing to a $560 million business and, by 2001, packet-switched networks will account for about one percent of global long distance traffic—about 12.5 billion minutes worth.
From the foregoing, it can be seen that there is a need for a system providing high bandwidth data communication services. This need can be met with conventional terrestrial data communication systems; however, such systems are difficult and expensive to implement. The need can also be met with satellite systems in geosynchronous or geostationary (GSO) orbits, but the number of orbital slots is limited, and it is difficult devise earth stations of a reasonable power level and complexity that can communicate with such satellites.
There is therefore a need for a non-geostationary system NGSO provides high bandwidth communications. At the same time, communications with the NGSO system must not interfere with existing or future GSO systems. The present invention satisfies that need with a system constellation that meets a significant part of the enormous demand for bandwidth for global network interconnectivity.

Method and apparatus for providing wideband services using medium and low earth orbit satellites


A utility pole constructed from a pultruded composite material. The composite material includes a tensioned wooven sock that is impregnated with a resin by a pultrusion process. The pole has a triangular shaped first composite member which has an inner channel defined by three walls that intersect at three corresponding apexes. Within the first composite member is a second triangular shaped composite member which also has three walls that intersect at three corresponding apexes. The apexes of the second member intersect with the walls of the first member such that the second member walls extend across the inner channel. The extension of the second member walls across the inner channel provides structural support for the walls of the first member and creates a relatively rigid composite utility pole.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a utility pole constructed from a composite material.
2. Description of Related Art
Utility poles are typically constructed from wooden poles that are anchored into the ground. The utility poles will typically have arms that support a number of electrical power lines. The continuous exposure to harsh environmental conditions can cause the wood poles to rot and decay. To prevent rotting, the wood is sometimes treated with a carbon base material such as tar. It has been found that most conventional wood treating material is harmful to the environment. Additionally, it has been found that a significant amount of electrical current drains to the ground, thereby reducing the energy efficiency of the power system.
Metal poles have been installed to increase the life of the utility poles. Metal poles are highly conductive and generally create an unsafe environment for the utility personnel that maintain and repair the pole. Additionally, both metal and wooden poles are relatively heavy, typically requiring a crane to lift and install the poles.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,175,971 issued to McCombs discloses a hollow utility pole that is constructed from a composite material such as a resin impregnated fiber glass. The McCombs pole has a hexagonally shaped liner located within a hexagonally shaped primary pole. The outer primary pole has a plurality of dove tail grooves that allow arm attachments to be mounted to the pole. Additionally, the grooves allow personnel to climb the pole. The dove tail grooves create a number of rounded fingers located adjacent to thin neck portions of the primary pole. It has been found that when forming the composite, the resin and glass fibers do not evenly flow into the neck and finger portions of the primary pole. The uneven resin flow and glass fiber distribution can reduce the structural integrity of the pole. The rounded finger portions also add thickness and weight to a utility pole that can be 40 feet in length.
The hollow McComb utility pole has relatively low bending and torsional stiffnesses. The relatively low stiffness must be compensated for by a thicker wall. Increasing the thickness of the wall increases the weight of the pole. It would be desirable to provide a relatively strong, lightweight utility pole which can be efficiently constructed from a composite material.


A tilt servo apparatus in an optical disc reproducing apparatus operates promptly and certainly when reading recording information of an optical disc recorded at high density. The tilt servo apparatus is used in an optical disc reproducing apparatus having an optical pickup including a liquid crystal panel for an aberration correction on which a transparent electrode is formed and divided into segments of predetermined shapes, and irradiating a laser beam via the liquid crystal panel for the aberration correction and the objective lens, and receiving an obtained reflection light. The tilt servo apparatus has: tilt detecting for detecting a signal corresponding to a tilting angle in a radial direction between the information recording surface of the optical disc and an optical axis of the objective lens; and a driving circuit for variably driving voltages which are applied to the divided portions of the liquid crystal panel, respectively. The driving circuit drives so that predetermined voltages are applied to the respective divided segments of the liquid crystal panel according to a detection output of the tilt detecting and a phase difference between respective laser beams passing through the divided portions is adjusted, thereby correcting the aberration of the objective lens inclined at the tilting angle relative to the information recording surface of the optical disc.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a tilt servo apparatus for use in a reproducing apparatus of an optical disc or the like which controls a tilt of an information recording surface of the optical disc relative to an optical axis of an optical pickup when reading recording information from the optical disc or the like.
2. Description of Related Art
Hitherto, in order to correct a tilt in the radial direction of an information recording surface caused by a curvature or a self weight of an optical disc, a reproducing apparatus of an optical disc such as a laser disc or the like is provided with a tilt servo apparatus. More particularly, as shown in FIG. 1, a tilt sensor which comprises a light emitting diode, photodetector elements provided on both sides of the light emitting diode along the disc's radial direction, and the like is provided for an optical pickup for reading information. A light emitted from the light emitting diode enters an information recording surface of the optical disc being rotating. Reflection light beams are received by the photodetector elements, respectively. A tilt error signal is formed on the basis of electric signals obtained by the photo detector elements. A tilt motor is properly driven in accordance with a magnitude of the tilt error signal, thereby inclining the whole optical pickup along the radial direction together with a guide rail to support the optical pickup so as to be movable in the radial direction, thereby performing a tilt correction.
On the other hand, a DVD (digital video disc or digital versatile disc) as an optical disc on which a large quantity of digital information can be recorded has been proposed in recent years in association with diversification of the kind of information and a demand for reproducing apparatuses which can accurately reproduce the recording information on the DVD is increasing. With the DVD, digital information such as motion pictures, computer information, or the like can be recorded on a disc having the same diameter of 12 cm as that of a CD (compact disc) at a recording density that is six to eight times as high as that of the CD.
As described above, since a considerably high density recording is performed on the DVD as compared with the CD or the Laser Disc, it is necessary to set a spot diameter of a laser beam to a value which is extremely smaller than that of the CD or laser disc in order to read pit information. The spot diameter of the laser beam is proportional to a wavelength .lambda. of a laser beam which is used and is inversely proportional to a numerical aperture NA of an objective lens.
Therefore, in the optical pickup which is used for the reproducing apparatus of the DVD, it is necessary to use a laser light source of a short wavelength .lambda. and an objective lens of a large numerical aperture NA as compared with those of a conventional optical pickup which is used for a conventional reproducing apparatus of the CD or laser disc.
When the wavelength .lambda. of the laser beam is shortened and the numerical aperture NA of the objective lens is increased for the DVD, however, a wavefront aberration (mainly, coma aberration) occurs even if the disc is slightly inclined and an angle of a disc surface deviated from the surface perpendicular to an optical axis of the optical pickup, what is called a margin for a tilting angle is reduced. When the recording information is read, therefore, it is necessary to correct the tilt more frequently as compared with the CD or laser disc.
As described above, with the reproducing apparatus of the DVD, there is a need for a tilt servo apparatus having a response time shorter than that of a conventional apparatus. Since the conventional tilt servo apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is based on the mechanical control by the driving of the tilt motor as mentioned above, the use of a large complicated mechanism is necessary, so that there are problems that the size of the apparatus as a whole as well as its cost increases, a response time against the control operation is limited (about 1 Hz), and the tilt servo may not always be operated certainly. There consequently is also a limit in reduction of a search time when searching the recording information by the optical pickup.

Tilt servo apparatus for use in optical disc reproducing apparatus


Images are presented on a display to produce the perception of viewpoint motion in a three-dimensional workspace. The user can indicate a point of interest (POI) or other region on a surface in an image and request viewpoint motion. In response, another image is presented from a viewpoint that is displaced as requested. The user can request viewpoint motion radially toward or away from the POI, and can also request viewpoint motion laterally toward a normal of the surface at the POI. Radial and lateral viewpoint motion can be combined. The orientation of the viewpoint can be shifted during lateral motion to keep the POI in the field of view, and can also be shifted to bring the POI toward the center of the field of view. In a sequence of steps of viewpoint motion, the radial viewpoint displacement in each step can be a proportion of the distance to the POI so that the radial displacements follow a logarithmic function and define an asymptotic path that approaches but does not reach the POI. While requesting viewpoint motion with a keyboard, the user can independently request POI motion with the mouse. In response, the POI moves within the bounds of the surface that includes the POI, and a shape within the image indicates the POI position.

The present invention relates to techniques for producing the perception of a moving viewpoint within a three-dimensional space presented on a display.
Fairchild, K. M., Poltrock, S. E., and Furnas, G. W., "SemNet: Three-Dimensional Graphic Representations of Large Knowledge Bases," in Guindon, R., ed., Cognitive Science and its Applications for Human-Computer Interaction, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J., 1988, pp. 201-233, describe SemNet, a three-dimensional graphical interface. SemNet provides semantic navigation techniques such as relative movement, absolute movement, and teleportation. Section 5 discusses navigation and browsing, including viewpoint movement techniques such as moving the viewpoint close to an element that the user needs to inspect. Section 5.2 describes methods for moving the viewpoint to determine the portion of a knowledge base that is displayed. Section 5.2.1 describes relative movement, with independent controls for three orthogonal rotations of the viewpoint and movement forward and backward along the line of sight. Tools for adjusting the velocity of movement and rotation are provided, but relative movement is slow and awkward to use. Section 5.2.2 describes absolute movement in which the user can point to a desired viewpoint location on a map of the three-dimensional knowledge space. The map can have two or three two-dimensional parts, with each part representing a coordinate plane in the space, and the user can manipulate the position of the viewpoint by moving an asterisk in one plane at a time using the mouse. A filter ensures that the viewpoint moves smoothly, retaining the experience of travel through a three-dimensional space. Although absolute movement is quicker and easier to use than relative movement, it is not very accurate and moving the viewpoint in more than one map is confusing. Section 5.2.3 describes teleportation, in which a user can pick a recently visited knowledge element from a menu and instantly move to the location of the knowledge element. Section 5.2.4 describes hyperspace movement, in which the nodes connected to a selected knowledge element are temporarily moved to positions around it, and then snap back to their original positions after a new node is selected.
Burton, R. R., Sketch: A Drawing Program for Interlisp-D, Xerox Corporation, Palo Alto Research Center. ISL-14, August 1985, pp. 44-49, describes techniques for changing the part of a sketch seen in a window. A sketch is a collection of elements such as lines and text. The sketch has a world coordinate space and the position of each element is given by values in this space. A sketch is viewed and edited inside a window, which shows a region of the coordinate space of a sketch and displays any of the elements that are in the region. The region is determined by the window's scale, its size, and the values of its left and bottom coordinate. As illustrated in FIGS. 59-62, a window's scale can be changed by the Move view command or the Autozoom command. The user can select the Move view command from the command menu and then use the cursor to specify a new portion of the sketch that is to appear in the window by depressing a mouse button at one corner and sweeping the cursor to the other corner; the specified region is scaled to fill the sketch window. The user can select the Autozoom command from the command menu, then move the cursor to the point in the sketch around which zooming will occur, then press one of two buttons to indicate whether to zoom in or zoom out; zooming in makes the image larger but with the point under the cursor in the same location, while zooming out makes the image smaller with the point under the cursor in the same location. The image continues to grow or shrink around the position of the cursor as long as either button is down.

Moving viewpoint with respect to a target in a three-dimensional workspace


An email forward tagging system including means for selecting on a sender's email client a receiver's email address; means for displaying to the sender's email client a tagging function; means for selecting on the sender's email client the tagging function; means for sending, via a common email system protocol, an email from a email-sending server to a first email-receiving server; means for receiving, via the common email system protocol, the email at the first receiver's email server from the email-sending server; means for sending the received email in the form of one of a forward email and a reply email to a second email-receiving server connected to the network; and means for automatically forwarding the one of the forward email and the reply email to the sender's email address when the sender's email address is omitted from the one of said forward email and said reply email.

The proliferation of email volume today, in part, is due to its ease of use, especially because of its ease of use to facilitate and answer communications, inquiries, and messages. For example, if an email sender requests and answer regarding a particular topic or matter from an email receiver, an email is quickly prepared and instantly delivered to the email receiver. One benefit to email is that if the email receiver is unable to handle or answer the communication, they can quickly forward the original email to other email receivers for their input. This type of activity can continually branch out creating complex chains and strings of email receivers. Oftentimes, an email receiver somewhere in the email chain or string is able to answer or respond to the original communication or inquiry, but somewhere along the chain of subsequent emails the original email sender is accidentally omitted from the address list. In one instance, this can occur when a subsequent email sender selects "reply" instead of "reply to all." In this instance the original email sender may be omitted from the addressee line. Thus, the response is never communicated back to the original sender.
For example, an employee receives an inquiry via email from a customer of the employee's company, but the employee doesn't readily have the answer. In this case, the employee may forward the original email inquiry to their boss who then responds with an answer to the inquiry. In this example, if the employee failed to forward the email response back to the customer, then the customer would not ever receive the response. When the original author fails to receive a final response to their inquiry, they must expend additional time and efforts to send a reminder email to the email receivers requesting the response that was never sent to them.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

E-mail forwarding tunnel capturing or tagging


A method and system for calculating the significance of a sentence within a document is provided. The summarization system calculates the significance of the sentences of a document and selects the most significant sentences as the summary of the document. The summarization system calculates the significance of a sentence based on the “important” words of the document that are contained within the sentence. The summarization system calculates the importance of words of the document using various scoring techniques and then combines the scores to classify a word as important or not important. The summarization system can then be used to identify significant sentences of the document based on the important words that a sentence contains and select significant sentences as a summary of the document.

The Internet allows users to access millions of electronic documents, such as electronic mail messages, web pages, memoranda, design specifications, electronic books, and so on. Because of the large number of documents, it can be difficult for users to locate documents of interest. To locate a document, a user may submit search terms to a search engine. The search engine identifies documents that may be related to the search terms and then presents indications of those documents as the search result. When a search result is presented, the search engine may attempt to provide a summary of each document so that the user can quickly determine whether a document is really of interest. Some documents may have an abstract or summary section that can be used by the search engine. Many documents, however, do not have abstracts or summaries. The search engine may automatically generate a summary for such documents. The usefulness of the automatically generated summaries depends in large part on how effectively a summary represents the main concepts of a document.
The automatic summarization of documents could also be used to assist users in processing their electronic mail messages. Many users receive hundreds of electronic mail messages on a daily basis. It can be very time-consuming for a user to access and process each electronic mail message. Indeed, because of the large number of electronic mail messages, it may be difficult for a user to identify an important electronic mail message that may need prompt attention out of all the electronic mail messages of lesser importance. Some electronic mail systems may, when listing messages that have recently arrived, display the first line or two of the message to assist the user in identifying the topic of electronic mail messages. In addition, computing devices with small display areas, such as a cell phone, may shorten electronic mail messages to the first line or two because they cannot effectively display an entire message at one time. The first line or two of the message may, however, not be an effective summary of the message.
It would be desirable to have a technique for automatically generating effective summaries of documents. Such effective summaries would help a user identify documents of interest, organize electronic mail message, view documents on devices with limited display space, and so on.

Method and system for summarizing a document


The present disclosure provides an organic light emitting diode array substrate and its manufacturing method, as well as a display device. The organic light emitting diode array substrate includes: gate lines, data lines, and a plurality of pixel units defined by the gate lines and the data lines. Each pixel unit comprises a first region which emits light and a second region which does not emit light. The first region is provided with an organic light emitting diode, and the second region is provided with a conductive unit which is electrically connected in parallel with the data line and created from the same layer from which a cathode of the organic light emitting diode is created.

As a new display technology, a transparent display may allow a viewer to observe a background behind a display screen. Such a novel display effect broadens the application field of display, which may be applied to display devices such as a mobile phone, a laptop PC, a display window, a refrigerator door, an on-board monitor and an advertising board.
Referring to FIG. 1, which is a schematic view showing a pixel structure of a transparent OLED display panel in the related art, the pixel structure includes: a luminous region 10 and a nonluminous transparent region 20, wherein a nontransparent thin film transistor (TFT) and an organic light emitting diode (not shown in FIG. 1) are arranged at the luminous region. A cathode layer 11 is a semitransparent cathode, and located at both the luminous region 10 and the nonluminous region 20. A metal data line 21, which decreases the light transmittance of the transparent OLED display panel, is arranged longitudinally at the nonluminous transparent region 20. A width of the metal data line 21 may be reduced, or a data line may be made of a transparent metallic oxide (e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO)) instead of the metal material, so as to increase the light transmittance of the transparent OLED display panel. However, when the width of the metal data line is reduced or the data line is made of the transparent metallic oxide, it will lead to an increased resistance. As a result, it is able to lead to an increase in an IR drop of the OLED display device, thereby to adversely affect a display effect of the OLED display panel.

Organic light emitting diode array substrate, its manufacturing method, and display device


The invention relates to nucleotides encoding therapeutic polypeptides and fragments thereof isolated from beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) found in human early pregnancy urine, now synthetically produced and designated Maternin. The therapeutic polypeptides and their functional equivalents are useful in treating and/or preventing various medical conditions. Examples of therapeutic effects of the therapeutic polypeptides include anti-HIV, anti-cancer, anti-wasting, prohematopoietic (e.g., anemias, radiation-mediated bone marrow damage, and trauma-mediated blood loss), and anti-angiogenic effects. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the therapeutic polypeptides, as well as methods for using the therapeutic polypeptides, functional equivalents and/or pharmaceutical compositions in the treatment and/or prevention of such medical conditions.

This invention is the culmination of a lengthy research endeavor that began with an observation that a particular group of immunodeficient mice, inoculated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) cells, did not develop KS as expected. The researchers extracted KS cells from AIDS patients, grew the cells in vitro and then injected the cells into the immunodeficient mice, expecting the mice to develop KS. While most mice injected with the cells did develop KS, the researchers surprisingly identified a group of ten mice in which KS failed to develop.
In attempting to explain the failure of these mice to develop KS, the researchers first considered whether the anomaly was the result of a laboratory error, such as a failure to properly inject the mice. Closer observation revealed that all ten KS-negative mice were pregnant. A group of females and males had been mistakenly housed together. While the male mice had grown large malignant tumors, the females had only small tumors or no tumors at all. Further observation indicated that females with small tumors were in later stages of pregnancy, and those with no tumors were in early stages of pregnancy. Based on these collective observations, the researchers surmised that one or more factors produced in the early stages of pregnancy was responsible for impeding the development of KS lesions.
In the ensuing months, the group designed and executed a controlled study of the effects of pregnancy on KS. The results of the study were published in the May 4, 1995, issue of Nature.1 In this study, the researchers injected KS cells into 24 female mice and 21 male mice. Four of the female mice were then caged with 2 males. All 4 females became pregnant. One month later, the males had developed large malignant tumors; and as expected, females in late stages of their pregnancy had developed smaller tumors, while newly pregnant females were tumor free.
These results confirmed the group's suspicions that a pregnancy-related factor was responsible for the inhibition of KS. The group noted that the pattern of no KS lesions in early stages of pregnancy and increasingly larger lesions at later stages of pregnancy inversely corresponds to the production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). High levels of hCG are produced during early pregnancy, while lower levels are produced in later stages of pregnancy. The researchers investigated the anti-KS activity of crude commercial hCG preparations. These investigations revealed that some lots of some commercially available crude hCG preparations exhibited the same anti-KS effect seen in the pregnant mice.
In a related study published in the Oct. 24, 1996 issue of The New England Journal of Medicine,2 the investigators tested hCG preparations on 30 human subjects. The results were compared with 6 others who were given a placebo. Twenty-four subjects received intralesional injections of preparations of hCG at doses of 250, 500, 1000, or 2000 international units (IU) three times a week for 2 weeks. In 5 of the 6 subjects who received the 2000 IU hCG dose, KS lesions shrank significantly or completely disappeared. Lesions in at least one subject in each of the 250, 500, and 1000 dose ranges also shrank or disappeared. This study provided further evidence that some lots of some commercial hCG preparations exhibit anti-KS effects. The results also demonstrated that certain crude commercial preparations of hCG can reduce or reverse symptoms of KS in humans.
In another related experiment, the researchers administered a 2000 IU hCG dose preparation to 6 subjects. These subjects were compared to six others who received a placebo. KS lesions shrank or completely disappeared in all 6 subjects receiving hCG, while none of the controls showed any change.
These results were further confirmed in a study published in the January/February 1998 issue of the Journal of Human Virology.3 In this study, 13 subjects with advanced AIDS-KS and visceral KS were treated with a commercial hCG preparation known to have anti-KS effects. Of 12 subjects treated with the hCG preparation, 5 had a dramatic response to the therapy and overall tolerance to the treatment was excellent.
In addition to the surprising anti-KS properties revealed by this series of experiments, the group also observed that the hCG preparations had no toxic side effects, common in other anti-cancer therapeutics. In fact, some subjects reported increased energy, enhanced appetite and even weight gain, while the control group showed no such changes.
The variability of results among lots and sources of the hCG preparations led the group to conclude that the active factor, which was clearly present only in some lots from some sources, could not be hCG itself. And although the crude preparations produced some positive results, the variability in the crude preparations was not conducive to the development of a standard therapeutic protocol. The variability of results prevented an accurate determination of ideal dose, route or frequency of administration.
The group had made following observations:                even though the commercial preparations of hCG had a standardized amount of hCG, the observed activity varied from manufacturer to manufacturer and within a particular manufacturer's hCG preparations;        some of the commercial hCG preparations had no activity;        pure hCG (native purified and recombinant) had none of the observed activities;        when some commercial preparations of hCG were intentionally depleted of hCG activity, they maintained the previously observed activities; and        mice do not have the genes for chorionic gonadotropin, but the observed activities were found in sera and the urine of mice in early pregnancy.
These observations led to the hypothesis that the activity of the hCG preparations is mediated by one or more molecules which co-purify with hCG in only some of the commercial preparations.
Next, the researchers tested fragments of hCG for therapeutic activity. A group of fragments from the β-chain of hCG (SEQ ID NO: 1) were identified which exhibited various anti-HIV, anti-cancer and pro-hematopoietic effects.4 Among the peptides exhibiting such effects were the Satellin A1 peptide [β-hCG 45-57: Leu-Gln-Gly-Val-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Pro-Gln-Val-Val-Cys (SEQ ID NO: 18); the Satellin A1 branched peptide: β-hCG 45-57 [Leu-Gln-Dab(Pro)-Val-Leu-Pro-Dab(Pro)-Leu-Pro-Gln-Val-Val-Cys (see SEQ ID NO: 18, for primary sequence), where "Dab" represents diaminobutyric acid, and Dab(Pro) indicates a proline peptide-bonded to the amino side chain of Dab], the Satellin A2 circularized peptide [β-hCG 45-57 with a cysteine residue added to the N-terminus, circularized via a disulfide bond between the cysteine residues: Cys-Leu-Gln-Gly-Val-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Pro-Gln-Val-Val-Cys (SEQ ID NO: 19)], and the Satellin B peptide [β-hCG 109-119: Thr-Cys-Asp-Asp-Pro-Arg-Phe-Gln-Asp-Ser-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 22). Other β-hCG (SEQ ID NO: 1) peptide fragments demonstrating some degree of efficacy included the following: 109-145, 47-55, 48-56, 45-57 fused to 109-119, and 45-57 in combination with 109-119.
Although the already-discovered group of (β-hCG fragments clearly were efficacious in treating KS and other conditions, it appeared that one or more factors remained to be discovered, i.e., the factor or factors which accounted for the higher degree of efficacy exhibited by the commercial hCG preparations. As discussed more fully in the detailed description of the invention, the present inventors have isolated two such highly active factors. The inventors have named these peptides Maternin™ for the purpose of future commercialization, and the peptides are generically referred to herein as the MA peptides: MA (SEQ ID NO: 2) and pMA (SEQ ID NO: 3), which are the subject of the instant application.
Other researchers have investigated the use of preparations of heterodimeric hCG in the treatment of HIV. Such preparations have been shown to reduce the reverse transcriptase activity in HIV-1 infected lymphocytes and monocytes in culture5 and to prevent transmission of HIV from lymphocytes to trophoblasts in vitro.6 One researcher has proposed the use of doses of hCG below those necessary to induce a humoral immune response for treating of HIV infection.7 Researchers have also reported that treatment with hCG improves T cell counts and physical symptoms in certain HIV infected subjects.8 However, none of these researchers have successfully isolated novel, highly active peptides from commercial preparations of hCG or urine.
Additionally, the β-hCG (SEQ ID NO: 1) has been reported to reduce HIV production in lymphocytes at doses from 100 pg/ml to 100 μg/ml and in monocytes at doses up to approximately 10 μg/ml, with higher doses actually increasing the level of viral production in monocytes.9 Lunardi-Iskandar et al.10 reported that hCG, β-hCG (SEQ ID NO: 1), as well as a β-hCG carboxy-terminal peptides of amino acids 109-145 and 109-119 are efficacious in the treatment of Kaposi's Sarcoma. However, this work did not contemplate the presence of additional specific β-hCG-derived products with highly active anti-KS properties, or any of the other therapeutic effects for such products as described herein.
The inventors also previously identified fractions of early pregnancy urine with consistently potent therapeutic effects, such as anti-HIV, anti cancer, anti-wasting and pro-hematopoietic effects.11 These effects were shown to be present in fractions of a source of native hCG or β-hCG. Particularly active fractions included material eluting from a gel filtration column with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 40 kD, 15 kD or 2-3 kD. The same peak fractions not only killed KS tumor cells but also inhibited HIV-1 replication in vitro, suppressed HIV-1 expression in HIV-1 transgenic mice, and inhibited the development of AIDS in SIVMAC 251 infected macaques.12 The instant invention is an extension of this work, and is the result of a lengthy and extensive program of experimentation directed towards identifying the one or more pharmacologically active constituents of early pregnancy urine.
Following our original report, several groups attempted to identify one or another of the molecules responsible for these activities. These reports were limited to in vitro studies showing some inhibition of KS cell growth in culture or of decreased HIV replication with some already well-known urinary products such as EDN RNase,13 other RNases,14 lysozyme,15 and the native gylcosylated β-core of β-hCG16 or with a putative purified hCG.17 One group described some in vitro anti-KS activity with a low molecular weight fraction obtained from a crude hCG preparation, the chemical nature of which was not defined or further characterized.18 Importantly, none of these reports showed in vivo results, and none showed the multiple effects described here. Moreover, with the exception of the hCG related products, none of these molecules are known to be relatively high during early pregnancy, and the report of positive results with native glycosylated β-core emphasized selective inhibition only of the growth of KS cells.19
In our earlier work20 and confirmed in this report, we found no activity in vitro or in vivo in any of the various experimental systems described here with purified native glycosylated core, β-hCG, α-hCG, and/or hCG. Earlier and distinct from these in vitro studies, Russo and co-workers reported that a crude commercial hCG preparation (ProFasi, Organon) inhibited carcinogenesis induced by DMBA in rats.21 As indicated, we have demonstrated that pure hCG has no effect on any tumor cell we have studied, and the crude ProFasi hCG was inactive.
4.1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Therapy
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a member of the lentivirus family of retroviruses.22 Retroviruses are small enveloped viruses containing a single-stranded RNA genome.
HIV has been implicated as the primary cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS),23 a slowly progressing degenerative immunological disease. There are at least two distinct types of HIV: HIV-124 and HIV-2,25 and a large amount of genetic heterogeneity exists within populations of each type.
In humans, HIV replication occurs predominantly in CD4+ T lymphocyte populations. HIV infection leads to depletion of this cell type and eventually to immune incompetence, opportunistic infections, neurological dysfunctions, neoplastic growth, wasting and ultimately death.
The HIV viral particle comprises a viral core, composed in part of capsid proteins, together with the viral RNA genome and enzymes required for early replicative events. Myristylated Gag protein forms an outer shell around the viral core. This outer shell is, in turn, surrounded by a lipid membrane envelope derived from the infected cell membrane.
The HIV envelope surface glycoproteins are synthesized as a single 160 kilodalton precursor protein. A cellular protease cleaves the precursor during viral budding into two glycoproteins, gp41 and gp120. The gp41 component is a transmembrane glycoprotein. The gp120 component is an extracellular glycoprotein which remains non-covalently associated with gp41, possibly in a trimeric or multimeric form.26
HIV-associated diseases represent a major world health problem. Researchers attempting to develop anti-HIV drugs have focused various specific stages of the HIV life cycle as targets for therapeutic intervention.27 For example, research efforts have targeted virally encoded reverse transcriptase (RT) as a point of attack for anti-HIV therapeutics. These efforts have resulted in a number of reverse-transcriptase-targeted drugs, including 2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside analogs such as AZT, ddI, ddC, and d4T.28
The capacity of HIV to mutate has been a major obstacle in the search for a cure for HIV infection. Mutations can render effective drugs less effective, or even ineffective.
Moreover, it has become clear that the ability of drug-resistant strains of HIV to emerge is greatly diminished by the use of multi-drug treatment regimens. Multi-drug regimens are currently the preferred treatment for HIV-infected subjects. For example, combining anti-HIV compounds which target reverse transcriptase (e.g., azidothymidine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC), dideoxyinosine (ddI), dideoxycytidine (ddC)) with an HIV-1 protease inhibitor produces a far more potent effect (2 to 3 logs reduction) on viral load than monotherapy using a reverse transcriptase inhibitor alone (about 1 log reduction). Impressive results have been obtained using a combination of AZT, ddI, 3TC and ritonavir.29
Other researchers have sought to develop therapies which prevent HIV from entering its target cells. The focus of these efforts has been on CD4, the cell surface receptor for HIV. For example, researchers have found that recombinant soluble CD4 inhibits infection of CD4+ T cells by some HIV-1 strains.30 However, certain primary HIV-1 isolates are relatively less sensitive to inhibition by recombinant CD4.31 In addition, clinical trials using recombinant soluble CD4 have produced inconclusive results.32
Researchers have also targeted late stages of HIV replication in the development of anti-HIV therapies. Late stages involve crucial virus-specific processing of certain viral proteins. This processing depends on the activity of a viral protease, and drugs are being developed which inhibit this protease.33
Chemokines produced by CD8+ T cells have also been investigated as anti-HIV agents.34 In particular, RANTES, MIP-1α and MIP-1β, are known to suppress HIV-1 p24 antigen production in cells infected with HIV-1 or HIV-2 isolates in vitro.35
Attention is also being given to the development of vaccines for the treatment of HIV infection. The HIV-1 envelope proteins (gp160, gp120, gp41) appear to be the major antigens for anti-HIV antibodies produced by AIDS patients,36 and they may be the most promising antigen candidates for anti-HIV vaccine development. Various portions of gp160, gp120, and/or gp41 are also being tested for use as immunogenic targets for the host immune system.37 Vaccines directed against HIV proteins are problematic because rapid viral mutation commonly renders such vaccines ineffective. Moreover, vaccines may be ineffective for individuals with active HIV infections.
4.2 Therapies for Hematopoietic Deficiencies
The morphologically recognizable and functionally capable cells circulating in blood include erythrocytes, neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic granulocytes, B-, T-, non B-, non T-lymphocytes, and platelets. These mature hematopoietic cells derive from and develop into morphologically recognizable dividing precursor cells for the respective lineages, such as erythroblasts for the erythrocyte series, myeloblasts, promyelocytes and myelocytes for the granulocyte series, and megakaryocytes for platelets. The precursor cells derive from more primitive cells that can simplistically be divided into two major subgroups: stem cells and progenitor cells.38
The definitions of stem and progenitor cells are operational and depend on functional, rather than on morphological, criteria. Stem cells have extensive self-renewal or self-maintenance capacity (a necessity since absence or depletion of these cells could result in the complete depletion of one or more cell lineages).39 Pluripotential stem cells differentiate into several sub-lines of progenitor cells. These sub-lines typically have a more limited or completely eliminated self-renewal capacity. Progenitor cells ultimately produce morphologically recognizable precursor cells.40
A variety of infectious agents, genetic abnormalities and environmental factors can cause a deficiency in one or more hematopoietic cell types. For example, hematological deficiencies have been observed in HIV-1 infected individuals, including a reduction in CD4+ T cells and cytopenias of one or more hematopoietic lineages.
HIV-related cytopenias are often associated with bone marrow morphologic abnormalities and deficient progenitor cell growth.41 For example, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), characterized by significant reduction in platelet numbers, often afflicts subjects infected with HIV.42 The destruction of platelets appears to be mediated by platelet associated autoantibodies.43 Management of ITP generally involves immunosuppression; consequently, treatment of ITP in HIV infected patients is complicated, since administration of immunosuppressive drugs is extremely detrimental to HIV-infected individuals.
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are still the frontline methods used in the treatment of cancer and certain immunological disorders. It is well-known that these therapies cause a number of detrimental side-effects, such as pancytopenias or combinations of anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The increase or replacement of hematopoietic cells is often crucial to the success of such treatments.44
Aplastic anemia is another serious condition characterized by hematopoietic deficiency. In the absence of stem cell therapy, aplastic anemias are commonly fatal. Without new stem cells, approximately 60-75% of individuals presenting with this disorder die within 12 months. The overall incidence of these diseases is approximately 25 new cases per million persons per year. No single pathogenic mechanism can account for all aplastic anemias; however, in most cases, provision of new hematopoietic stem cells is sufficient to allow permanent recovery.45 Standard treatment involves bone marrow transplants; however, some subjects with aplastic anemia reject the transplanted marrow. This complication is particularly common among subjects who have been immunologically sensitized as a result of multiple therapeutic blood transfusions.
A common therapy for many hematological disorders, as well as the destruction of the endogenous hematopoietic cells caused by chemotherapy or radiotherapy, is bone marrow transplantation. However, the availability of bone marrow transplantation is restricted, since it is extremely rare to have perfectly matched (genetically identical) donors. Moreover, the complications of bone marrow incompatibility (e.g., host versus graft reaction and graft versus host disease) are often lethal. Even with closely matched family donors, the complications of partial mismatching cause substantial mortality and morbidity.
Researchers have also investigated the use of peripheral blood as a source of stem cells for hematopoietic reconstitution.46 Promising results have been obtained for subjects with various leukemias47 and subjects with lymphoma.48 However, some studies using peripheral blood have failed to effect reconstitution.49
There is a need for methods which enable in vitro expansion of blood cells and for therapies which increase the production of hematopoietic cells in vivo and which reduce the need for reliance on bone marrow transplantation and/or blood transfusions.
4.3 Therapies for Wasting Syndromes
Wasting syndrome is generally characterized by a decrease in body mass of more than 10% from baseline body weight and a disproportionate loss of body mass with respect to body fat.50 Wasting is distinguished from starvation, in which higher levels of body fat than body cell mass are depleted.51 Wasting is associated with a variety of conditions, including HIV infection, other infectious diseases, sepsis, cancer, chronic cardiovascular disease and diarrhea.52 Wasting is a significant factor in the mortality of subjects presenting with infections or cancer.
Current and potential therapies for wasting syndromes include nutritional support, appetite enhancers such as dronabinol and megestrol acetate, anabolic therapies, such as growth hormone, and cytokine inhibitors. However, nutritional support and appetite enhancers have the disadvantages that subjects tend to gain only fat and not overall body mass. Administration of growth hormone, and cytokine inhibitors are still being tested and may pose a risk of side effects.53
Treatment of wasting is critical to the survival and well-being of patients presenting with serious diseases such as cancer, chronic diarrhea and AIDS; accordingly, there is a need in the art for safe and effective therapies for wasting syndromes.
4.4 Cancer Therapy
A tumor (i.e., a neoplasm) is a mass resulting from abnormal, uncontrolled cell growth. Tumors can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors generally remain localized. The term "malignant" generally means that the tumor can invade and destroy neighboring body structures and spread to distant sites to cause death.54
Treatment options for cancer include, for example, surgery, chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Such options are commonly either ineffective or present serious side effects. Accordingly, there is a need for new drugs for use in the treatment of cancer.
Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is a rare type of cancer, the incidence of which is greatly increased in HIV infected subjects.55 KS tumors are characterized by the presence of hyperplastic cells derived from vascular endothelial cells.56 In some cases, neoplastic cells with chromosomal abnormalities are also present in the tumors.57
Currently available therapies for KS include radiotherapy, α-interferon and systemic chemotherapy.58 However, hematological and non-hematological toxicities limit the prolonged use of chemotherapy and α-interferon in conjunction with anti-retroviral agents commonly used in the treatment of AIDS.59 Thus, new anti-KS drugs are needed, preferably drugs which are also compatible with other AIDS therapeutics.
4.5 Anti-Angiogenesis
A variety of disease conditions, such as cancer, are currently treated using therapeutics which control angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from existing capillaries. Angiogenesis is a pathological component of a number of diseases. For example, angiogenesis is necessary to enable tumors to grow beyond a few mm in size. Researchers have investigated a number of endogenous compounds thought to negatively-regulate angiogenesis, including angiostatin (a fragment of plasminogen), endostatin (a fragment of collagen), vasostatin (a fragment of kallikrein), and interferons α and β, and interleukin 12.60 Other agents currently being considered include: SU5416 (a small-molecule angiogenesis inhibitor); IM862 (a naturally-occurring bipeptide and antiangiogenic agent); EMD121974 (a cyclic pentapeptide and a potent and selective inhibitor of alpha VB3); interferon-α2B; ZD4190; SU6668 and PD0173073.

Nucleic acids encoding biologically active polypeptides derived from a novel early stage pregnancy factor designated maternin (MA)


A track counting device receives a tracking error signal from a light pickup element which is moving over a record medium having recording tracks thereon. A wave shaping circuit shapes the tracking error signal into a signal of rectangular pulses. A phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit receives the signal and compares it with a signal created by itself so as to synchronize a phase between two signals. The PLL circuit constantly effects the comparison to obtain the synchronized signal, so that it may provide information about the number of tracks crossed by the light pickup element apart from influence of surface conditions on the record medium such as a mirror finished surface and pits. A counter counts the number of tracks based on the synchronized signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a track counting device for counting the number of recording tracks on a record medium of optical disk apparatus. More particularly, the invention relates to a track counting device which counts the number of recording tracks crossed by a light pickup element, which is radially moving over a record medium with concentric guide grooves of recording tracks, based on a tracking error signal output from the light pickup unit.
2. Description of the Related Art
An example of optical disk apparatus is a direct read after write optical disk apparatus using a record medium on which concentric guide grooves of recording tracks are formed. In such an optical disk apparatus, a light pickup element radially moves over the record medium for record and reproduction of data thereof and generates a tracking error signal. The optical disk apparatus then counts the number of recording tracks which have been crossed by the light pickup element, based on the tracking error signal output from the light pickup element. A conventional example of such track counting device is shown in FIG. 7.
In FIG. 7, a tracking error signal Et (cf. (a) in FIG. 8) output from an unrepresented light pickup element is shaped by a wave shaping circuit 1 with respect to the zero level. The thus obtained signal Ec (cf. (b) in FIG. 8) is then led to a counter 2.
The counter 2 counts the number of rise edges of the signal Ec. The count number is sent to a downward element as a crossed track data Ct (cf. (c) in FIG. 8) representing the number of recording tracks which have been crossed by the light pickup element.
In the above constitution, the tracking error signal Et is so sinusoidal that the maximum amplitude is gained at a side edge of guide groove of recording track during the recording track crossing of light pickup element. The period of the sinusoidal signal corresponds to a time necessary for crossing one recording track.
The signal Ec takes the logic level H when the tracking error signal Et surpasses the zero level accordingly, whereby one rise edge appears for one recording track in the signal Ec.
Consequently, the number of rise edges in the signal Ec coincides with the number of crossed recording tracks, while the count of counter 2 also with the latter. Hence the crossed track data Ct can provide the number of recording tracks which have been crossed by the light pickup element.
The conventional device has, however, the following problems.
The recording tracks are divided into a number of sectors of determined data length, each of which is given header information such as a sector address to discriminate one from others.
The header information data is preliminarily recorded in the recording track. Mirror finished portion not to record effective data are given between the header information and a user's data area in the sector in order to adjust properties of signal processing means of reproduction system.
When the light pickup element passes such a mirror finished portion the level of tracking error signal Et remains unchanged as shown as PA in (a) of FIG. 8. This results in no appearance of rise edge in the signal Et, which in turn causes no count operation of the counter 2. Therefore, one of problems appears as noncoincidence between the value of crossed track data Ct and the number of actually crossed recording tracks.
Further, the recording of data in the record medium is effected by forming pits (small holes) therein. When a laser beam from the light pickup element crosses such a pit in the user's data recorded area, a reflection level of laser beam increases at the edge of pit due to the edge effect. Such influence on the tracking error signal Et is shown as PB in (a) of FIG. 8.
The signal Ec then has a rise edge at each point where the level of PB in Et exceeds the zero level, so that the counter 2 counts each of the rise edges. This also leads to noncoincidence between the crossed track data value Ct and the actually crossed recording track number.


A display apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a gate line 2 formed on an insulating substrate, a source line 13 intersecting with the gate line 2 with an insulating film in between, a source electrode 6 connected to the source line 13, a drain electrode 10 connected to a pixel electrode 9, a semiconductor layer 4 formed below the source electrode 6, the source line 13, and the drain electrode 10, a light-shielding pattern 12 configured below the semiconductor layer 4 lying below the source line 13, and a backlight emitting lights from a light source to the surface of the insulating substrate opposite to where pixels are formed. In this configuration, leakage current arisen in the semiconductor layer lying below the source line, the extending pattern of the drain electrode, and so on can be suppressed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a display apparatus having a thin film transistor (which will be referred to hereinafter as a TFT), for example, as a switching element, which is especially suitable for application to a liquid crystal display apparatus.
2. Related Background Art
A display apparatus using liquid crystal generally has a structure in which a displaying material such as liquid crystal is filled between two insulating substrates facing each other, and a voltage is selectively applied to the displaying material. At least one of the insulating substrates is a substrate on which a switching element such as a TFT and a pixel electrode connected to the switching element are formed, which will be referred to hereinbelow as an array substrate. On the array substrate, signal lines (source lines and gate lines) for transmitting signals to the switching element are formed like a matrix.
FIG. 11 shows a plan view of an array substrate in a conventional display apparatus, and FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view along line B-B in FIG. 11. In FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, a reference symbol 1 denotes an insulating substrate, 2 denotes a gate line, 3 denotes a gate insulating film, 4 denotes a semiconductor layer as a channel, 5 denotes an ohmic contact layer, 6 denotes a source electrode, 7 denotes a passivation film as an overcoating insulating film, 8 denotes a contact hole formed in an insulating layer, 9 denotes a pixel electrode, 10 denotes a drain electrode, 11 denotes an extending pattern of the drain electrode, and 13 denotes a source line. The substrate is formed as in the following.
First, a first conductive film is deposited on the insulating substrate 1. Next, the gate line 2 is formed by patterning in photoengraving and etching processes.
Then, the gate insulating layer 3 which is a first insulating layer, the non-doped semiconductor layer 4, and a doping semiconductor layer which will be the ohmic contact layer 5 are deposited successively. Further, a semiconductor pattern 4 and 5 which lie below a channel of a TFT and the source line 13, both of which will be formed later are configured by exposure and development of photoengraving processes and etching processes.
Then, a conductive layer such as Cr and Al is deposited, and by exposure and development of photoengraving processes and etching processes, the source line 13, the source electrode 6 of the TFT, the drain electrode 10, and the extending pattern 11 of the drain electrode are formed.
Furthermore, after depositing the passivation film 7 which is an insulating film such as SiN, exposure and development processes are carried out to form the contact hole 8 which is a continuity for a transparent conductive film which will be formed later, the source electrode 6, a drain electrode 10 pattern, and a gate line 2 pattern. The diameter of the contact hole 8 is preferably larger in order to reduce contact resistance.
Then, after the transparent conductive film such as ITO is deposited, the pixel electrode 9 is formed by exposure and development of photoengraving processes, and etching processes. By the above processes, a fabrication of the array substrate of a so-called bottom-gate type in which the semiconductor layer 4 is formed above the gate electrode is completed.
In the above processes, it is also possible to carry out exposure and development of photoengraving processes and etching processes after depositing the gate insulating layer 3 being the first insulating layer, the non-doped semiconductor layer 4, and the doping semiconductor layer which will be the ohmic contact layer 5, and further successively depositing conductive layers 6, 10, 11, and 13, which are Cr and Al, for example. In this way, formation of the source line 13, the source electrode 6 of the TFT, and the drain electrode 10 pattern, and formation of the semiconductor layer 4 pattern below those patterns can be done in one photoengraving process. In the array substrate fabricated in this procedure, the semiconductor layer 4 lies in nearly all the region below the conductive layer having the source electrode 6, the drain electrode 10, and so on.
In the array substrate fabricated in the process explained in the foregoing, the semiconductor layer 4 lies in all or part of the region below the source line 13, the source electrode 6 of the TFT, and the drain electrode 10. Especially, in the configuration where the semiconductor layer 4 lies in nearly all the region below the source electrode 6 and the drain electrode 10, the area becomes larger. When the etching quantity of a metal pattern forming the source electrode 6 and the drain electrode 10 is large, a pattern of the semiconductor layer 4 can project from a pattern of the source electrode 6 or of the drain electrode 10.
However, in the above-mentioned related art, when lights from a backlight come to the remaining semiconductor layer, electric charge is induced in the semiconductor layer. In this condition, the electric charge stored in the pixel electrode comes into the semiconductor layer (channel) of a TFT section through a carrier which is developed below the drain electrode. Further, when the lights from the backlight come to the semiconductor layer around a crossing point of the source line and the gate line, the electric charge (a carrier) in the semiconductor layer (a channel) of the TFT section flows into the source line through a carrier which is developed in the semiconductor layer below the source line. Due to the flowing out of the electric charge of the pixel electrode into the source line as described above, deterioration of display performance such as uneven brightness and/or reduced contrast occurs.
One solution for this problem is to shield the semiconductor layer below the drain electrode or the source line from lights with an extending pattern of the gate line or the gate electrode. This way, however, increases an overlapping area of the gate electrode or the gate line and the drain electrode, or of the gate line and the source line. Consequently, the capacity of the gate line and the source line becomes large; leading to significantly delay in the lines and greater pixel (drain) potential fluctuation generated in accordance with the gate electrode potential fluctuation, to cause the problem of noticeable uneven picture or screen flicker, which decreases picture quality. In the case of an array substrate in a display apparatus in which a semiconductor layer lies in all the region below a drain electrode, the area of a gate line and a gate electrode to shield the semiconductor layer from lights is still larger, which leads to more serious decrease in picture quality. A configuration for a different purpose from the present invention is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. S60-207116. FIG. 13A shows a plan view of a conventional array substrate in the above application, and FIG. 13B shows a sectional view of the same. In FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B, the same elements as in the FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 are denoted by the same reference symbols, and the reference symbol 21 denotes a light-shielding electrode, 22 denotes a thin film transistor, and 23 denotes a charge storage capacity. As shown in FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B, the charge storage capacity 23 is divided into several parts in the related art. Each of the divided charge storage capacity complements a mask mis-alignment in each other. Therefore, the total of the charge storage capacity is constant, and the area where the pixel electrode is covered by the light-shielding electrode is also constant. Accordingly, aperture ratio is constant as well, arising no unevenness of electric performance. As shown in FIG. 13B, the related art employs an array substrate of a so-called top-gate type in which the gate electrode 9 is arranged above the source electrode and the drain electrode. In this structure, since the semiconductor layer is arranged above the source electrode and the drain electrode, the problem caused by increase in leakage current due to lights from a backlight is not likely to occur, and because the light-shielding electrode 21 which doubles as a storage capacity line blocks lights at the base of the source line and so on, the capacity of the source line and the storage capacity line increases to cause delay in the lines, thereby decreasing picture quality. Also, when the source line and the storage capacity line are short-circuited due to contaminants produced during manufacturing processes and so on, picture problems such as line defects occur to lower manufacturing yield.
Another solution for the problems is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H09-90409. FIG. 14 shows a sectional view of a conventional array substrate in the above application. In FIG. 14, the same elements as in the FIG. 11, FIG. 12, and FIG. 13 are denoted by the same reference symbols, and the reference symbol 24 denotes a light-shielding film, 25 denotes a polarizer, 26 denotes a backlight, 27 denotes an insulating layer, 28 denotes a first electrode layer, and 29 denotes a second electrode layer. As shown in FIG. 14, the light-shielding film 24 which is composed of a metal film is formed above the insulating substrate 1, and then the thin film transistor 22 is formed above the light-shielding film 24 in the related art. The light-shielding film 24 blocks lights from the backlight 26 to suppress the growth of leakage current. In the related art, however, while the leakage current from the semiconductor layer below the drain electrode can be suppressed, no measure was taken against electric charge flowing into the source line through a carrier developed in the semiconductor layer below the source line. Therefore, the electric charge coming into the source line causes the problem of decreasing picture quality. Also, since the light-shielding film 24 doubles as a gate electrode of the thin film transistor 22 in the related art, when the gate line (the light-shielding film 24) and another signal line are short-circuited due to contaminants produced during manufacturing processes and so on, picture problems such as line defects occur to lower manufacturing yield.
Further, when the semiconductor layer formed below the source line projects from the source line pattern due to the difference in etching quantity and so on, the part of the semiconductor layer which receives lights from the backlight becomes conductive. Therefore, the effective distance between the source line and the pixel electrode pattern becomes shorter, and a parasitic capacity between the lines increases. Further, the overlap width of the source line and an opposite electrode becomes effectively greater, and line loading capacity of the source line increases. Also, in a case where an extending pattern of the drain electrode is located near the source line or the gate line, when lights from the backlight come to the semiconductor layer lying below the pattern, the capacity between the drain electrode and the source electrode or between the drain electrode and the gate electrode increases.
In such a condition, when a so-called pulse lighting type that periodically repeats lights-up and lights-out is applied for the backlight, a leakage performance and/or a parasitic capacity vary between on-state and off-state of the backlight. Therefore, pixel potential and opposite electrode potential fluctuate with lighting condition of the backlight, and the fluctuation affects transmissivity of crystal liquid, causing to uneven picture or flicker.

Display apparatus comprising a light shielding pattern formed in an area below a connecting pattern of the drain electrode


A method and apparatus for joint controlled training of different motoric units for development of functional muscle strength and proprioceptiviety, wherein the direction of action of the resistance is adjusted in relation to the muscle groups or motoric units to be trained. In the method and apparatus all joint positions are arrested for the joints associated with the groups of muscles or the motoric units to be trained. The apparatus incorporates orthoses (1, 4, 5) for arresting positions of all joints which are affected by the muscle groups or motoric units to-be-trained, as well as a non-resilient strap (8). The strap (8) facilitates adjustment of the angle under which a load (12) is applied.

Muscle strength is developed in that the muscle in question is subjected to a physical work with different forms of resistance, which may consist only of the gravity of the body part in question or of external resistance, caused e.g. by a dumbbell, barbell, expander, hydraulic or pneumatic apparatuses. As a continued development of the muscular strength is dependent of progressive increase of the work executed by the muscle, the resistance must be increased from time to time.
During the last century the dumbbell and barbell were the predominate adjustable training apparatuses for the development of maximum muscle strength. But during the last 20 years, the barbell and dumbell have been supplemented with muscle training apparatuses which permit safer and specialized muscle training.
The development of maximum muscle strength and muscle volume is achieved with exercises of short duration at high resistance of a few groups of muscles, which are trained individually. The effect of the training will be most pronounced when all relevant muscular cells or motoric units are stimulated, i.e. via training during isolation of the muscle or muscle group in question.
Such training can be executed statically (without motion) or dynamically (with motion) and isometrically (the muscle has the same length during the work) or concentrically/excentrically (the muscle shortens itself or extends itself during the work).
The art of the work results in development of different types of muscular force, whereas the size of the work resistance decides which quality of the force is to be developed: a high load means increased maximum force, a low load means endurance.
The force which can be developed by an arm or leg depends on its position and the angular orientation of the joint. Training of individual muscle groups must take into account the particular biomechanical working conditions thereof. For training the desired muscular force quality in the entire motion range of the muscle, the work resistance must be adapted to its force potential in each position during the motion.
There are but few training apparatuses fullfiling these training pre-conditions. The resistance unit is often a pneumatic or hydraulic device, which can give an iso-kinetic mode of work (similar speed during the motion), which is sometimes desirable. However, the big drawback with pneumatic and hydraulic training apparatuses is however that the pronounced muscle volume stimulating and energy favourable eccentric motion is not used, and that the speed of the motion can not be varied in relation to a given resistance. The speed of the motion is of big importance as to which muscle fibres are activated, as in all skeleton muscles two types of muscle fibres are present: fast-twitch and slow-twitch. The first mentioned muscle fibres are important for the force generation at rapid and heavy works whereas the later are of importance for slow and endurace characterized work.
Contrary to pneumatic or hydraulic training apparatuses the weight-based machines have the advantage of allowing eccentrical training eccentrically as well as training at different speeds with a certain resistance. The development here has resulted in a more adaptable resistance in the entire range of muscle motion, as certain training apparatuses use a so called cam disc (CAM) as a transmission. The resistance at a given weight load then is modified with the transmission thus that it is is more adapted to the muscle force generation, but this transmission is not adjustable.
The drawback of weight-based muscle training machines or at weight training is that the weights have inertia, which results in varying motion speed in different portions of the motion range. In such a case an optimum of speed and resistance is obtained only in a small range of the motion track, particularly at higher speed.
To an increasing extend, weight training today is combined with training apparatuses based on pneumatic or hydraulic devices. Weight training can be applied with free weights (e.g. barbell) for training associated muscle groups or in muscle isolating forms, such as at use of a bench equipment or apparatus equipment, i.e. a weight machine. Weight training thus gives the advantage of allowing variation of the motion speed in relation to a given resistance even if at higher speeds it will become more uncontrollable and sub-optimated, whereas with pneumatic, hydraulic or expander-based training apparatuses there is a parallel between speed and resistance. The expander-based training apparatus as compared to the pneumatic and hydraulic apparatus, provides the advantage of allowing speed variation at a given resistance, however resistance can be increased only with shortening of the muscle. The expander resistance furthermore is active in eccentric stage of motion, where the resistance decreases at extension of the muscle.
The expander unit thus provides the advantage of variable speed in relation to resistance, which via a possible adjustable transmission (possibly a CAM) can be individually adapted to the force generation of the muscle in different parts of the motion track.
The force generation in a given portion of the motion track is dependent not only of the given resistance, but the biomechanical work moment at a given joint angle gives the prerequisites for its efficiency and decides together with motion speed, the size and direction of the resistance, which of the different muscle fibres or of the motoric units the muscle are engaged.
Not only the selection of engaged motoric units is decided by these factors, but they also influence the proprioceptive nerve functions, ligaments, cartilage and the skeleton structure in different manners.
These conditions are known, but the significance of the direction of the resistance has not been noticed at development of training apparatuses. However, there has issued a patent for a muscle training apparatus, which can be modified to all possible exercises for most skeleton muscles.
This training apparatus, which simultaneously is a computerized measuring apparatus for exercise parameters (motion speed, given resistance and direction of the resistance in all segments of the motion track, etcetera) has a resistance level and direction which can be modified, and a resistance unit, which can be modified (imitating the advantage of the weight unit with inertia and variable speed to the resistance size and eccentric training function).
This training apparatus thus has the ability of stimulating specific motoric units and is therefore useful for training functional muscular force and nerve function.
Beside the fact that this apparatus is big, complex and very expensive it is on the other hand not selectively functional in its training of muscular force, proprioceptive nerve function, ligament function, cartilage function and skeleton function, as it has no possibility of controlling the joint angle/angles of the training person, which angles are engaged in different parts of the motion track, and the selection i.a. of motoric units, therefore vary more from one motion repetition to another than at the joint controlling training apparatus according to the invention described hereinafter.
The importance of the possibility of controlling every factor in the training motion is crucial for development of the very quality aimed at in the shortest and most effective time (muscular strength, coordination, speed, muscular endurance, nerve function). This is of great importance in athletics, but it is at least as important in patient rehabilitation, wherein the physical development today is carried out in integrated as well as differentiated forms (training of every component separately, i.e. muscular strength separately, speed separately, etcetera). Each separate component in differentiated training has specific training requirements for obtaining most efficient development. The development of maximum muscular strength as mentioned requires a high resistance with a few repetitions in the desired neuro-muscular path desired in each joint position. The position of the joint thereby must be arrested for involved joints in order to make the selection of stimulated motoric units as exact as possible, at otherwise unaltered conditions. All differentiated muscular training therefore must be exercised in such a joint controlled manner as possible. As muscles often have a function and therefore extend over one or more joints, and as the force development of the muscle also depends on the initial length of the muscle prior to its contraction it is necessary that the joint angles are controlled during the training motion.
No known training apparatus has the ability of controlling both the joint angle/angles and the direction of the resistance. The training apparatus now sketched is unique in that the selection of stimulated motoric units is better than at any other known apparatus.

Method and an apparatus for joint-controlled training of different motoric units for development of functional muscle strength and proprioceptivity


Provided are a lockset and a pallet loading bin having the same. A lock hole is arranged at the pallet loading bin. The lockset comprises a lock bar and a handle. A first end of the lock bar is provided with a hook member for fitting the lock hole to realize locking. A connection portion is provided at the lock bar. The lock bar is rotatably connected, through the connection portion, to a bin body of the pallet loading bin. Rotation of the lock bar around the connection portion in a plane parallel to an outer surface of the bin body causes the hook member to extend into or retract from the lock hole, thereby realizing locking or unlocking of the lockset. The handle comprises a connection end. The handle is rotatably connected, through the connection end, to a second end of the lock bar opposite to the first end of the lock bar. Rotation of the handle around the connection end causes the handle to be positioned close to or away from the outer surface of the bin body. The lockset has a simple structure and low costs, can be processed and manufactured easily, can be operated flexibly with less effort, and adapts to the small thicknesses of an end wall and a side wall of a pallet loading bin.

In order to facilitate the loading and unloading of cargos and the stacking transport of empty box pallet, the end and side walls of the box pallet are usually set in a detachable or foldable form. The end wall of the box pallet needs to be provided with a lockset connected with an adjacent side wall stand column to lock the adjacent end wall and side wall together so as to keep them relatively fixed when loading cargoes.
As shown in FIG. 1, an existing box pallet lockset is provided. When the lockset needs to be unlocked, a stopper 113′ is firstly moved upward to be completely separated from a lock hook 111′, and an operator rotates the handle 112′ downward so that the lock hook 111′ is separated from a side wall stand column 21′, and at this time, there is no link constraint of the lockset between the end wall and the side wall, and the end wall and the side wall can be disassembled or folded. At present, the use of the lockset has limitation because the handle 112′ has to be held by a single hand during the process of rotation, which then has a requirement for the operating space (a vertical distance between the outer surface of the end wall plate 10′ and the inner side of the handle 112′). However, since the lockset should be located within the vertical distance (i.e., the thickness of the end wall) between the outer surface of the end wall panel 10′ and the outer surface of the end wall stand column 11′, that is, the lockset cannot extend beyond the outer surface of the end wall stand column 11′ and the distance from the inner side of the handle 112′ to the outer surface of the end wall plate 10′ must ensure that the fingers could normally stick into so as to hold the handle 112′, thus, when the thickness of the end wall is small, the vertical distance between the outer surface of the end wall plate 10′ and the inner side of the handle 112′ is too small for fingers to normally stick into, this lockset is no longer suitable for such a box pallet. In addition, a separately arranged stopper 113′ needs to be provided for such a lockset, thereby leading to a complicated structure and requiring two-hand operation during operation, i.e. moves the stopper 113′ with one hand, and rotates the handle 112′ with the other hand, which is inconvenient to operate.
In order to increase the volume of the box pallet and reduce the height of the box pallet after being folded, thereby increasing the loading capacity of the box pallet and the transportation amount of empty boxes, and reducing the logistics transportation cost, the thickness of the end and side walls of the existing box pallet are currently designed to be as small as possible, which is not applicable to the lockset of the prior art.
Therefore, a lockset and a box pallet having the same need to be provided to at least partially solve the above problem.

Lockset and pallet loading bin having same

CHINA INTERNATIONAL MARINE CONTAINERS (GROUP) LTD.

DALIAN CIMC LOGISTICS EQUIPMENT CO., LTD.


A power supply early warning device for pulling out a power plug is composed of a power supply, which is loosely connected with a handle, with the handle being installed with a locking hole. A long through-hole is installed at a side edge of the power socket, and a locking member is provided with a pushing plate, with an end of which being formed with a projection piece. the locking member is installed with a locking plate which can be locked or loosely connected into the long through-hole, and the pushing plate can be slidingly displaced on an outer wall of a rim of the long through-hole, allowing the projected piece to be locked into or released from the locking hole of the handle, so as to prevent from a deformation or a short-circuiting between the power plug and the socket by a dragging of external force, and to further enable a user to displace the power supply more safely, without damaging the entire power supply system.

a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a power supply early warning device for pulling out a power plug, and more particularly to a power supply wherein before rotating and displacing a handle thereof, a power plug should be pulled out by an operation and movement of a locking member that the handle of the power supply can be rotated and displaced, as well as that the power supply can be drawn out.
b) Description of the Prior Art
A computer cabinet, such as an industrial computer cabinet or a server, is plugged with a plurality of power supplies, and sockets of all the power supplies are plugged with power plugs. When an operator is performing a maintenance work, he or she usually forgets to pull the power plug out of the socket of the power supply, resulting in that when the operator pulls and displaces the power supply out of the server or cabinet, the power supply is still connected with the power plug, thereby causing a deformation or a short-circuiting between the power plug and the socket of the power supply from a dragging by external force.
Accordingly, how to enable that before drawing and displacing the power supply, the power plug of the power supply should be pulled out of the power supply that the handle of the power supply can be rotated, and that the power supply can be drawn and displaced, is a technical issue to be pursued by the present inventor.

Power supply early warning device for pulling out a power plug