The present disclosure is directed to a spring bearing which is used in a roller system for a developer cartridge. The spring bearing has a front surface and a rear surface and an angled relief cut extending from the front surface to the rear surface.

The present disclosure relates to a spring bearing which is used in a roller system in a developer cartridge.
Roller systems used in developer cartridges typically having a magnet roller which rotates during operation. Bearings are provided on opposite sides of the magnet roller to facilitate rotation of the magnet roller. These bearings have a short life span as a result of the stress forces created during rotation of the magnet roller. This necessitates frequent replacement of the roller systems.
It would be desirable to have a roller system with an extended life span.

Spring bearing for use in a developer cartridge roller system


A method of determining whether a radio frequency identifier (RFID) tag has been removed from an area can include, responsive to detecting an RFID tag in a first area, making an entry within a tag read cache associated with the first area. The entry within the tag read cache can include an identifier corresponding to the RFID tag and a timestamp indicating when the RFID tag was detected in the first area. A difference between a current time and the timestamp from the entry within the tag read cache can be calculated. An indication that the RFID tag is no longer in the first area can be provided if the difference exceeds a departure threshold.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a well known technology that has been utilized in many different industries, i.e., the shipping industry to track packages, the retail industry to prevent thefts, etc. RFID technology uses electromagnetic energy as a medium for transmitting information between an RFID reader and a type of a circuit referred to as an RFID tag. In general, the RFID reader can detect and read data, i.e., a tag identifier (tag ID), that is stored within the RFID tag.
RFID tags can be either passive or active. Passive tags do not have a separate power source and often use modulated backscatter to reflect energy back to the RFID reader. Other types of passive tags may discharge a capacitor that was charged using the RF energy from the RFID reader's interrogation signal, or ping. Active tags, on the other hand, have power sources that enable the tag to send data back to the reader. Active RFID tags typically can send data over a larger range than their passive RFID counterparts. Both varieties of RFID tags provide for non-contact and non-line of sight sensing.
When an RFID reader reads or detects an RFID tag, the RFID reader emits an RF signal. RFID tags within the RF field respond by transmitting the tag ID to the RFID reader. The RFID reader can provide the tag ID to one or more different computer systems that are coupled to the RFID reader. The computer systems can implement various processes based upon the tag ID received.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Detecting a departure of an RFID tag from an area

International Business Machines Corporation


A technique is provided for improving performance of a digital detector system, such as in a digital X-ray system. Improved frame rates and enhanced resolutions are achieved by selecting a field of view of interest and processing pixel information only for the selected field of view. Data from a series of rows of the detector are simultaneously processed by restoring charge to pixels of a row, while digitizing signals from a previously recharged row, and transmitting digital signals for a third row for which the signals were previously digitized. Scrubbing of rows outside the selected field of view may be performed as signals are detected and processes for rows within the selected field of view.

Digital imaging systems are becoming increasingly widespread for producing digital data which can be reconstructed into useful radiographic images. In one application of a digital imaging system, radiation from a source is directed toward a subject, typically a patient in a medical diagnostic application, and a portion of the radiation passes through the subject and impacts a detector. The surface of the detector converts the radiation to light photons, which are sensed.
The detector is divided into an array of discrete picture elements or pixels, and encodes output signals based upon the quantity or intensity of the radiation impacting each pixel region. Because the radiation intensity is altered as the radiation passes through the subject, the images reconstructed based upon the output signals may provide a projection of tissues and other features similar to those available through conventional photographic film techniques.
In available digital detectors, the detector surface is divided into an array of picture elements or pixels, with rows and columns of pixels being organized adjacent to one another to form the overall image area. When the detector is exposed to radiation, photons impact a scintillator coextensive with the image area. A series of detector elements are formed at row and column crossing points, each crossing point corresponding to a pixel making up the image matrix. In one type of detector, each element consists of a photodiode and a thin film transistor. The transistors and photodiodes are typically constructed of amorphous silicon, over which cesium iodide is deposited. The cesium iodide absorbs the X-rays and converts them to light, which is then detected by the photodiodes. As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the photodiode acts as a capacitor, where the photodiode is generally charged to some known voltage. Light that is emitted in proportion to the X-ray flux then partially discharges the photodiode. Once the exposure is completed, charge on the photodiode is restored to the initial charge. The amount of charge required to restore the initial voltage on the photodiode is then measured which becomes a measure of the X-ray radiation impacting the pixel during the length of the exposure.
In a detector of the type described above, the cathode of each photodiode is connected to the source of a transistor, and the anodes of all diodes are connected to a negative bias voltage. Further, the gates of the transistors in a row are connected together and a row electrode is connected to scanning electronics. The drains of the transistors in each column are connected together and each column electrode is connected to additional readout electronics. Sequential scanning of the rows and simultaneous read out of the signals present at the column electrode permits the system to acquire the entire array or matrix of signals for subsequent signal processing and display. Thus, the detector is read or "scrubbed" on a row-by-row basis as controlled by the transistor associated with each photodiode. It should be noted that reading of the detector refers to recharging of the photodiodes and collection of data when the image produced by the detector contains valuable data, mainly images that contain exposure or offset data, whereas "scrubbing" refers to similar recharging even though the data is not important and can be discarded or not collected at all. Scrubbing, therefore is executed to restore the charge on the photodiode. More importantly, scrubbing is performed to maintain a proper bias on the diodes during idle periods or to reduce the effects of lag, which is an incomplete charge restoration of the photodiodes. Thus, scrubbing is typically performed to restore and maintain the charge of the photodiode, in addition to preventing a continuous DC voltage bias on the amorphous silicon transistors.
The detector is typically read or scrubbed according to its array structure, that is, on a row-by-row basis. As mentioned above, the reading or scrubbing of the detector is controlled by field effect transistors (FETs) associated with each photodiode. The FET allows the minimization of the number of electrical contacts that would need to made to the detector. Thus, the FETs reduce the number of required contacts to no more than the number of pixels along the perimeter of the array. Further, an entire row of an array may be controlled simultaneously when the scan line attached to the gates of all the FETs of pixels on that particular row is activated. It should be noted that each of the pixels on the particular row is connected to a separate data line through a FET, which is used by the readout electronics to restore the charge to the photodiodes. Thus, as each row is activated or read-enabled, the charge is restored for each pixel in that row simultaneously by the read out electronics over the individual data line for each column. Thus, each data line has a dedicated read out channel associated with it.
In use, the signals generated at the pixel locations of the detector are sampled and digitized. The digital values are transmitted to processing circuitry where they are filtered, scaled, and further processed to produce the image data set. The data set may then be used to reconstruct the resulting image, to display the image, such as on a computer monitor, to transfer the image to conventional photographic film, and so forth. In the medical imaging field, such images are used by attending physicians and radiologists in evaluating the physical conditions of a patient and diagnosing disease and trauma.
Large area solid-state detector arrays, such as those described above, provide solutions for digital imaging applications such as medical imaging, digital reproduction and non-destructive testing. While such detectors provide excellent image data, further improvement is needed. For instance, a detector having a small pixel size providing high spatial resolution comes at the cost of acquisition frame rate. Furthermore, for a given pixel size, a larger detector is generally more expensive due to the cost of the required support electronics, and will not support frame rates as fast as a smaller detector with the same bandwidth. Many times, when a specific application is targeted, detector design tradeoffs are made to optimize the detector's performance in regards to that application. One result of this is that larger detectors with small pixels typically do not have the bandwidth to support higher frame rates.
There is a need, therefore, for a technique designed to increase the acquisition frame rate without affecting other variables that reduce image quality.

Method and apparatus for increasing the data acquisition rate in a digital detector

GE Medical Systems Global Technology Company, LLC


A sliding component is characterized in that: with respect to a pair of sliding parts that slide relative to each other, one sealing face has a fluid circulation groove including an inlet through which fluid enters from the high-pressure fluid side, an outlet through which fluid is released to the high-pressure fluid side, and a communicating part through which the inlet and outlet communicate with each other; wherein the fluid circulation groove is isolated from the low-pressure fluid side by a land, a positive-pressure generation mechanism is provided in the area surrounded by the fluid circulation groove and high-pressure fluid side, and the positive-pressure generation mechanism communicates with the inlet and is isolated from the outlet and high-pressure fluid side by a land.

The performance of a mechanical seal, which is an example of a sliding component, is evaluated based on the leakage rate, wear rate, and torque. Mechanical seals of prior arts have achieved greater performance in the form of low leakage, long life, and low torque by optimizing their sealing material and roughness of seal area. In recent years, however, the ever-growing awareness of environmental issues in the market has created a demand for mechanical seals offering even higher performance and a consequent need to develop technologies that go beyond the scope of prior arts.
Under the circumstances, the inventor of the present invention has shown that, in the case of mechanical seals for water pumps used to cool water-cooled engines, for example, additives for LLC (long-life coolant), which is a type of antifreeze agent, such as silicate and phosphate (hereinafter referred to as "causative substances for deposits"), may accumulate on the sealing face over time to generate deposits that can cause mechanical sealing properties to drop. This generation of deposits is a phenomenon that also occurs with mechanical seals for equipment handling chemicals and oils.
Known among conventional mechanical seals are those having fluid introduction grooves, which are formed on their sealing face in order to form a fluid layer and thereby prevent wear and burn damage that would otherwise be caused by generation of frictional heat on the sealing face (refer to Patent Literatures 1, 2 and 3, for example), but the present reality is that none of them provides a measure to reduce leakage or wear, not to mention preventing generation of deposits on the sealing face.


A system for implementing a media independent handover in a station in a wireless communication system includes a physical sublayer management entity, a medium access control sublayer management entity, a management information base, and a handover policy function. The handover policy function is capable of receiving measurements and system information from the physical sublayer management entity, the medium access control sublayer management entity, and the management information base. The handover policy function is capable of then autonomously determining whether to execute a handover.

Typical mobile systems have two main operating modes: Idle mode and Connected mode. In Idle mode, the station (STA) characteristics include: no user service (i.e., no call or transaction in progress); monitoring of paging channels; available service request channels; 100% of the receiver is available for downlink measurements of the radio environment; background coordination; and unscheduled access point (AP) and/or technology reselection. In Connected mode, the STA characteristics include: an active user service (e.g., a call is in progress); handover is possible; limited receiver availability for measurements (since the user service takes priority); and fully coordinated, scheduled AP and/or technology handover.
Prior to entering Idle mode (e.g., at power-up), the STA must perform selection in order to determine the best AP and technology available for the requested user service. While in the Idle mode, the STA continuously examines neighboring APs and APs with different technologies. Upon determination of a "better" AP, the STA will transition over (i.e., perform "reselection") to the new AP.
While in the Connected mode, a handover occurs upon transition from one AP to another AP offering "better" service, including switching to an AP using a different technology. In an ideal case, handover occurs without noticeable interruption of the active user service.
One goal is to achieve a seamless handover (i.e., to permit mobility of a STA) between different wireless network types, such as between different wireless local area network (WLAN) types or between a WLAN and a cellular system. Current technology does not provide for this type of handover.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an existing cellular mobility model 100, showing a centralized radio resource management (RRM) approach to the mobility issue. A cellular STA 102 (e.g., a 2G mobile station or a 3G user equipment) is freely mobile among a plurality of APs 104. The APs 104 can include, but are not limited to, GSM base stations and FDD/CDMA Node Bs. The APs 104 are connected together via a radio network 106. A handover policy function (HPF) 108 is used to direct the handover of the STA 102 among the APs 104 as the STA 102 moves about. The HPF 108 is centrally located (e.g., in a 2G base station controller (BSC) or a 3G radio network controller (RNC)) and is connected to a network 110 (e.g., a switch or a server).
The HPF 108 provides coordination as the STA 102 moves about the different APs 104. The STA 102 sends measurements to the HPF 108, and the HPF 108 makes the final decision regarding handover and which AP 104 the STA 102 should be on.
In the model 100, semi-static frequency assignments are made to each AP 104 and some radio planning is required. In Idle mode, both intra-technology (e.g., GSM to GSM) and inter-technology (e.g., GSM to FDD/WCDMA) AP selection/reselection decisions are made in the STA 102 and are supported by system information (from the network 110) broadcast by the HPF 108. In Connected mode, AP handover decisions are made in the HPF 108 and are supported by measurements made by the STA 102 that are sent to the HPF 108 via L3 signaling.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an existing WLAN mobility model 200, showing a distributed RRM approach to the mobility issue. An 802.x STA 202 is freely mobile among a plurality of APs 204, which can include, but are not limited to 802.11a and 802.16 APs. The APs 204 communicate via a radio network 206 and to a network 208 (e.g., a gateway or router).
In the model 200, dynamic frequency assignments are made to each AP 204 and radio planning is not required. The only type of handover supported in the mobility model 200 is an intra-technology (e.g., 802.11a to 802.11a) Idle mode handover, where the AP selection/reselection decision is made autonomously in the STA 202. The other handover types (Idle mode with inter-technology and Connected mode) are not supported in the mobility model 200.
In this distributed RRM approach, the APs 204 can be deployed anywhere and they dynamically manage themselves. There is no centralized point through which RRM is performed, and therefore, no element in the architecture to execute a handover.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of existing mobile system architectures for cellular and WLAN network types. A GPRS (2G) STA 300 includes a physical layer 302, a data link layer 304, and a network layer 306. The data link layer 304 includes a medium access control (MAC) sublayer 310 and a radio link control (RLC) sublayer 312. The network layer 306 includes a GSM radio resource (RR) manager 314, a mobility management (MM) protocol manager 316, and an Internet Protocol (IP)/convergence manager 318.
A 3GPP (3G) STA 320 includes a physical layer 322, a data link layer 324, and a network layer 326. The data link layer 324 includes a MAC sublayer 330 and a RLC sublayer 332. The network layer 326 includes a 3G RR controller 334, a MM protocol manager 336, and an IP/convergence manager 338.
An 802.xx STA 340 includes a physical layer 342, a data link layer 344, and a network layer 346. The data link layer 344 includes a MAC sublayer 350 and a logical link (LLC) sublayer 352. The network layer 346 includes a mobile IP manager 354 and an IP/convergence manager 356.
The RR manager/controller (314, 334) manages the instantaneous radio link, handling all of the information regarding a radio link. The MM protocol (316, 336, 354) handles network level issues, such as registration and location updating as the. STA moves about the system (i.e., issues outside of the call itself).
Current WLAN systems offer only a limited mobility capability. Intra-technology (e.g., 802.11 to 802.11) and inter-technology (e.g., 802.11 to 802.16) user transitions are supported using a "break before make" strategy that can be characterized as a reselection operation, as opposed to a handover operation in a typical full mobility system (e.g., GSM). This problem limits the growth of WLAN technologies, as this approach is unsatisfactory for supporting real time services such as voice and video streaming.

System and method for implementing a media independent handover


A method for limiting voltage at an input of an integrated circuit of a transponder contactlessly communicating with a reader includes, during the contactless communication: receiving a carrier signal at an antenna of the transponder; and controlling gate voltages of two transistors of a rectifier circuit of the transponder so as to modify an input impedance of the integrated circuit, wherein the two transistors are cross-coupled between terminals of the antenna and a reference voltage.

Contactless components or devices can be, for example, components or devices called "NFC" devices, i.e. devices compatible with NFC (Near Field Communication) technology.
The NFC device can be, for example, an integrated circuit or a chip incorporating an NFC microcontroller.
The acronym NFC denotes high-frequency, short-range, wireless communication technology that allows data exchanges between two contactless devices over a short distance, for example, 10 cm.
NFC technology is an open technological platform standardized, for example, in standard ISO/IEC 18092, ISO/IEC 21481, ISO 14443 or EMVCo.
In addition to its conventional telephone function, a cellular mobile telephone can be used (if it is equipped with specific means) to exchange information with another contactless device, for example, a contactless reader, using a contactless communication protocol that can be used in NFC technology.
Other contactless devices also can be cited, such as a connected watch.
This allows information to be exchanged between the contactless reader and secure elements located inside the mobile telephone. Numerous applications are thus possible, such as mobile ticketing for public transport (the mobile telephone acts as a transport ticket) or even mobile payment (the mobile telephone acts as a payment card).
When information is transmitted between a reader and a contactless label or card or an object emulated in label or card mode, the reader generates a magnetic field by using its antenna, which is generally in line with conventionally used standards, namely a sine wave at 13.56 MHz. The force of the magnetic field is, for example, between 0.5 and 7.5 Amperes/RMS (Root Mean Square) meter. The further away the reader or the label or card, the lower the force of the magnetic field. Conversely, the closer the reader and the label or card, the greater the force of the magnetic field.
Two operating modes are then possible, a passive mode or an active mode.
In the passive mode, only the reader generates a magnetic field and the object, emulated in label mode or card mode, is then passive and still acts as the target.
More specifically, the antenna of the object emulating the label or the card modulates the field generated by the reader.
This modification is performed by modifying the charge connected to the terminals of the antenna of the object.
By modifying the charge at the terminals of the antenna of the object, the output impedance of the antenna of the reader changes due to the magnetic coupling between the two antennas. This results in a change in the amplitudes and/or the phases of the voltages and currents present at the antenna of the reader and of the object.
Moreover, in this way, the information to be transmitted from the object to the reader is transmitted by charge modulation at the antenna currents of the reader.
In the active operating mode, the object can, for example, perform a passive communication assisted by a specific power supply source, for example, a battery, as is the case in a mobile telephone, in order to improve the performance of the object.
Furthermore, in order to communicate, the object and the reader can each alternately generate a magnetic field. In this case, the object is emulated in reader mode when it has to send data to the reader, which then operates in a receiver mode. This active communication mode is known to a person skilled in the art as "peer-to-peer" communication.
With respect to a passive communication mode, greater operating distances are obtained, which can range up to 20 cm depending on the protocol that is used.
The intensity of the magnetic field at the card or at the label mainly depends on the reader and on its position relative to the card/label. A high magnetic field can degrade the integrated circuit of the object emulated in card mode.

Method for limiting the voltage, level received from a magnetic field by a transponder and corresponding transponder


A system can include a first section with an ultra high speed digital sampler configured to sample at a first rate, a scrambler connected to the sampler, and a set of ultra high speed serial data outputs. The system can further include a second section with a set of ultra high speed serial data inputs, a set of serial to parallel converter circuits connected to the inputs and outputting data at a second rate, a descrambler having inputs connected to the reduced speed data outputs, and a set of parallel outputs configured to output the serial data. The set of ultra high speed serial data outputs of the first section are configured to be connected to the set of ultra high speed serial data inputs in the second section by a set of ultra high speed communication pathways clocked at a speed substantially equal to the first rate.

A variety of ultra high sample rate analog to digital converter (ADC) configurations are known. However, some of these include components that unnecessarily increase the size and complexity of particular configurations. For example, in ultra high sample rate ADC applications taking samples in the 1-10 gigahertz range, for example, above 3 GHz, interface connections for transmitting the data from a sampling location to a processing location has required complicated serializing and framing circuitry. Further, some ultra high sample rate ADC configurations have unacceptable pin counts, power consumption, data latency, silicon area, high non-recurring engineering costs, and other costs.

Efficient high speed ADC interface design


Methods, systems, and apparatus can provide individual users of a computer system a means to share their quotas to resources accessible through that system. In one embodiment, this is accomplished, in part, by providing a shared quota descriptor understood by a file system and that can be manipulated by individual users. To that end, the present invention further provides individual users access to mechanisms by which to create and adjust shared quotas.

Information drives business. The ready ability to store information, process information and to transmit information is a facet of operations that businesses rely upon to conduct their day-to-day activities. For businesses that increasingly depend upon data and information for their operations, an inability to store data, an inability to process data, or an inability to transmit data can hurt a business' reputation and bottom line. Businesses are taking measures to improve their ability to store data, process data, and transmit data, and to more efficiently share the resources that enable these operations.
In order to ensure availability of shared limited resources such as data storage, data processing, and data transmission bandwidth, businesses can restrict the amount of a shared resource that an individual user may consume. Such restrictions typically take the form of resource quotas imposed upon users of the resource and enforced by information systems administrators. With such quotas enforced, an individual user can use an amount of a quota-limited resource up to his or her quota, and generally no more than that. In some cases, there may be an overflow quota so that a user can temporarily consume an additional amount of the resource without requesting the overflow from system administration, and thus allowing the user to plan reduction of demand for the resource.
In the event that a user requires access to a quota-limited resource in an amount greater than the user's quota, the recourse has been to request additional quota from system management. Often, a user will have to pay an additional amount of capital to acquire an increase to the quota. Further, the task of administrating quotas takes up time and resources of system administrators.
One method that has been used to alleviate issues raised by imposition of individual quotas has been to enact group quotas. Often, users work together in groups on particular projects and the group (or the group administrator) pays for the resources members of the group consume. System administration can give a group administrator a group quota to be divided up among the various members of the group. Such a group quota often requires communal use of the resource, thereby breaking down individual ownership-based protections upon which users rely (i.e., restrictions to files). Further, in a situation where the group quota is not implemented through a communal area, but rather divided up as individual quotas, system administration must still be involved in any redistribution of quotas among the users.
What is therefore needed is a solution that permits multiple users to share individual quotas that does not break down individual protections associated with the consumption of resources associated with the quota. Further, it is desirable to implement a solution that avoids the intervention of system administration to adjust quotas among users participating in a shared quota in order to avoid consumption of system administration time and resources.

Method and system for implementing shared quotas


The present invention relates to a soundproof cover containing: a sound-absorbing material disposed facing to a sound source; a soft sound-insulating layer laminated on the sound-absorbing material and having an air permeability measured according to JIS L 1018 (1999) of 10 cc/cm2·sec or less; and a soft cover forming an air layer with the soft sound-insulating layer and having a Young's modulus measured according to JIS K 7127 (1999) of 0.2 to 1.5 GPa, in which the air layer is hermetically sealed.

There are a large number of sound sources in an automobile. From the viewpoint of the demand for quietness away from automotive inside and outside noises, various soundproof measures have been taken. In particular, with regard to the components (intrinsic noise sources) that generate loud sounds, such as engines, transmissions and driving systems, soundproof measures are required in the positions near to the sound sources. Thus, a dedicated soundproof cover excellent in sound-absorbing and insulating performance is used. The demand for noise-reducing components in automobiles is very high, combined with that automotive outside noise level regulations are tightened by a series of legal changes and that a reduction in automotive inside noise is directly linked to a car value (a touch of class). In particular, an automotive outside noise regulation scheduled to be introduced in the European Union in 2013 is finally as severe as −3 dB to the conventional regulation value (it is necessary to be reduced to one half in terms of sound pressure energy). This essentially requires noise reduction measures against the intrinsic noise sources such as basic engines as main noise emitting sources in engine rooms and transmissions. Although various soundproof components such as engine top covers on the side of upper surfaces of engines have hitherto been used, however, further improvement in performance and weight saving from the viewpoint of a decrease in fuel consumption have been demanded.
Conventional soundproof covers are designed with putting the principal objective thereof to insulation of direct noise from the intrinsic noise sources, and are each constructed so that a sound-absorbing material is post-attached to the intrinsic noise source side of a rigid cover formed by molding a metal or a resin such as polyamide or polypropylene, or to a part thereof (see Patent Document 1). However, the sound-insulating performance of such a soundproof cover conforms to the mass law, and depends on the weight of the rigid cover. It is therefore impossible to comply with the needs for weight saving. Further, in the case where the intrinsic noise source is accompanied by vibration, even when the vibration is transmitted from fixing points and the like for attaching the soundproof cover to the engine and the like, the rigid cover hardly undergoes oscillatory deformation, and hence an effect of damping the vibration as kinetic energy is not obtained. Accordingly, secondary emission occurs from a rigid noise insulating layer to deteriorate the noise level rather than to improve it in some cases.
Moreover, regarding the evaluation of noises inside and outside an automobile, since the noise level itself is an amount of sense of human, a sound pressure level (dB) obtained by logarithmically compressing an observed sound pressure is used as an evaluation criterion close to an amount of the sound sensed by human. However, when a four (multi)-directional average (combination sound) which is generally employed in a case of evaluating a general soundproofing effect (the increase or decrease in sound pressure level) is calculated, the sound pressure level is affected by the largest sound of all the measured sounds because of the characteristic of the dB sum calculation. Therefore, even though the sound pressure level in only one direction in which a sound proof measure has been taken is reduced, the soundproof effect could not be attained as a whole with the result that the sound pressure level as the level of human sense to sound could not be lowered in some cases. Accordingly, it is necessary to thoroughly and uniformly reduce the sound pressure level in every direction.
However, with the soundproof cover disclosed in Patent Document 1 constructed by attaching a sound-absorbing material to a rigid cover, the rigid cover may be resonant with vibration transmission (solid-borne sounds) in case where the intrinsic noise sources vibrate, thereby generating noises by itself to be a new noise emitting source (secondary emission). In general, therefore, the soundproof cover must be fixed to the intrinsic noise sources via a vibration-insulating material such as rubber bush. Necessarily, therefore, there occurs a gap between the peripheral edge of the soundproof cover and the intrinsic noise source, and there may be caused where inner reverberationg sounds (standing waves) leak out from the gap and the sound level reduction cannot be attained.
From such a background, for the purpose of taking measures against solid-borne sounds in the case where the intrinsic noise sources vibrate or inner reverberating sounds (standing waves) of a soundproof cover, there has been proposed a soundproof cover, in which a soft sound-insulating layer formed of a nonwoven fabric coated with a vibration-damping resin is provided, in place of a rigid cover, on a surface of a sound-absorbing material on the opposite side of an intrinsic noise source (see Patent Document 2).
However, the soundproof cover described in Patent Document 2 has a limitation in its mass from a manufacturing problem of the soft sound-insulating layer, and is inferior in sound-insulating performance in a high-frequency region of 4 kHz or more to the high-mass rigid cover.    [Patent Document 1] JP-A-10-205352    [Patent Document 2] JP-A-2006-98966

Soundproof cover and method for producing the same


The present invention provides a human serine protease precursor (HSPP) and polynucleotides which encode HSPP. The invention also provides expression vectors, host cells, agonists, antisense molecules, antibodies, or antagonists. The invention also provides methods for treating disorders associated with expression of HSPP.

The serine proteases (SP) are a large family of proteolytic enzymes that include the digestive enzymes, trypsin and chymotrypsin, components of the complement cascade and of the blood-clotting cascade, and enzymes that control the degradation and turnover of macromolecules of the extracellular matrix. SP are so named because of the presence of a serine residue in the active catalytic site for protein cleavage. SP have a wide range of substrate specificities and can be subdivided into subfamilies on the basis of these specificities. The main sub-families are trypases (cleavage after arginine or lysine), aspases (cleavage after aspartate), chymases (cleavage after phenylalanine or leucine), metases (cleavage after methionine), and serases (cleavage after serine).
A series of six SP have been identified in murine cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells. These SP are involved with CTL and NK cells in the destruction of virally transformed cells and tumor cells and in organ and tissue transplant rejection (Zunino, S. J. et al. (1990) J. Immunol. 144:2001-9; Sayers, T. J. et al. (1994) J. Immunol. 152:2289-97). Human homologs of most of these enzymes have been identified (Trapani, J. A. et al. (1988) Proc. Nalt. Acad. Sci. 85:6924-28; Caputo, A. et al. (1990) J. Immunol. 145:737-44). Like all SP, the CTL-SP share three distinguishing features: 1) the presence of a catalytic triad of histidine, serine, and aspartate residues which comprise the active site; 2) the sequence GDSGGP which contains the active site serine; and 3) an N-terminal IIGG sequence which characterizes the mature SP.
The SP are secretory proteins which contain N-terminal signal peptides that serve to export the immature protein across the endoplasmic reticulum and are then cleaved (von Heijne (1986) Nuc. Acid. Res. 14:5683-90). Differences in these signal sequences provide one means of distinguishing individual SP. Some SP, particularly the digestive enzymes, exist as inactive precursors or preproenzymes, and contain a leader or activation peptide sequence 3' of the signal peptide. This activation peptide may be 2-12 amino acids in length, and it extends from the cleavage site of the signal peptide to the N-terminal IIGG sequence of the active, mature protein. Cleavage of this sequence activates the enzyme. This sequence varies in different SP according to the biochemical pathway and/or its substrate (Zunino et al, supra; Sayers et al, supra). Other features that distinguish various SP are the presence or absence of N-linked glycosylation sites that provide membrane anchors, the number and distribution of cysteine residues that determine the secondary structure of the SP, and the sequence of a substrate binding sites such as S'. The S' substrate binding region is defined by residues extending from approximately +17 to +29 relative to the N-terminal I(+1). Differences in this region of the molecule are believed to determine SP substrate specificities (Zunino et al, supra).
The discovery of a new serine protease precursor and the polynucleotides encoding it satisfies a need in the art by providing new diagnostic or therapeutic compositions useful in the treatment or prevention of immune disorders and cancer.


Provided is a technique relating to a slurry for a non-aqueous secondary battery that can stably be applied onto a battery member surface even in a situation in which an inkjet method is adopted. A method of producing the slurry for a non-aqueous secondary battery includes a degassing step of reducing the dissolved carbon dioxide gas concentration of a mixture containing a particulate polymer (A) and water.

Non-aqueous secondary batteries (hereinafter, also referred to simply as "secondary batteries") such as lithium ion secondary batteries have characteristics such as compact size, light weight, high energy density, and the ability to be repeatedly charged and discharged, and are used in a wide variety of applications. A secondary battery generally includes battery members such as a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator that isolates the positive electrode and the negative electrode from each other and prevents short circuiting between the positive and negative electrodes.
In production of a secondary battery such as described above, a technique of affixing battery members of the secondary battery, such as an electrode and a separator, to obtain a laminate for a secondary battery is a conventionally used technique. Battery members are adhered by, for example, producing a battery member that includes an adhesive material at the surface thereof and then affixing this battery member to another battery member. A battery member that includes an adhesive material at the surface thereof can be produced by applying, onto a surface of the battery member, a slurry for a secondary battery containing an adhesive polymer (binder) and so forth that are dispersed and/or dissolved in a solvent, and subsequently drying the slurry for a secondary battery.
In Patent Literature (PTL) 1, for example, organic particles having a core-shell structure including a core portion and a shell portion are used as a binder. A polymer forming the core portion and a polymer forming the shell portion are polymers each having a specific degree of swelling in electrolyte solution. In PTL 1, a battery member including an adhesive layer is produced through application and drying of a slurry that contains these organic particles, and then the battery member that includes the adhesive layer is affixed to another battery member to produce a laminate for a secondary battery. The obtained laminate for a secondary battery is sealed in a battery container with an electrolyte solution to produce a secondary battery.

Slurry for non-aqueous secondary battery and method of producing same, battery member for non-aqueous secondary battery and method of producing same, and non-aqueous secondary battery


A female member for retrofit to a hydraulic line connector includes a body portion having a body passage that is connected to a hydraulic component. A cylindrical wall portion extends from the body portion and defines a bore that is selectively in fluid communication with the body passage. An opposing pair of slits are formed through the cylindrical wall. A spring clip has a rectangular cross section and includes a first leg featuring a first arcuate portion, a second leg featuring a second arcuate portion and a closed end portion positioned between and attached to the first and second legs. The first and second legs are removably received by the opposing pair of slits of the cylindrical wall. The bore of the cylindrical wall receives a male member having a circumferential or annular shoulder that is engaged by the first and second arcuate portions of the first and second legs when the male member is positioned within the bore.

A typical motor vehicle hydraulic clutch system, of the type used on automobiles, trucks and buses, is indicated in general at 10 in FIG. 1. As is known in the art, the system includes a slave cylinder 12, a master cylinder 14 and a hydraulic line 16 connecting the two hydraulic components. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the slave cylinder 12 is typically mounted within the clutch bell housing 18. As is known in the art, the clutch bell housing 18 is typically mounted between the vehicle motor and gearbox and the slave cylinder surrounds the vehicle driveshaft.
The master cylinder 14 contains a supply of hydraulic fluid, which may be replenished through port 20. A rod 22 is connected to a piston (not shown) positioned within the master cylinder. The rod 22 also features a linkage 24 that is pivotally connected to a clutch pedal (not shown) that is located within the vehicle driver's compartment. When the vehicle clutch pedal is depressed, hydraulic fluid is driven from the master cylinder 14, due to movement of the internal piston, through hydraulic line 16 to slave cylinder 12. The slave cylinder 12, upon receipt of the hydraulic fluid, releases the clutch to permit the driver to manipulate the vehicle gearbox so as to change gears.
It is often necessary to disconnect the hydraulic line 16 from either the master cylinder 14 or slave cylinder 12 when the clutch system requires servicing or when either component needs to be repaired or replaced. As a result, the hydraulic line 16 is provided with connectors at each end.
An example of a prior art connector may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,991,627 to Nix. The Nix '627 patent illustrates a connector featuring a male member and a female member. The male member features an annular shoulder. The female member of the connector features a bore sized to receive the male member. A retainer clip, which is formed from a tube or ring of thin spring steel is positioned within the bore of the female member. The retainer clip is slit to form a number of inwardly-extending fingers which engage the shoulder of the male member when it is inserted into the female member. This secures the male and female connector members together.
While the design of the Nix '627 patent facilitates attachment of the male and female members of the connector together, disconnecting the two members, and thus removal of the hydraulic line from either the master or slave cylinders, is somewhat cumbersome. In addition, a special tool is required to disconnect the male and female members of the connector of the Nix '657 patent. A connector that facilitates both connecting and disconnecting the male and female members is desirable.


Embodiments of the present invention provide a system for mitigating exposures associated with identified unmanaged devices in a network using solution data modelling. The system is typically configured for generating one or more solution data models comprising a plurality of asset systems and a plurality of users, storing the one or more solution data models in a model database, receiving an input from a user to identify unmanaged devices in a network, accessing a first solution data model associated with the network from the model database, identifying the unmanaged devices in the network based on the first solution data model, and displaying information associated with the unmanaged devices to the user.

Present conventional systems do not have the capability to identify all existing relationships within an entity. Lack of sufficient information associated with one or more relationships within an entity makes it difficult to identify unmanaged devices consuming confidential data. As such, there exists a need for a system to identify all existing relationships within the entity and to identify all unmanaged devices within the entity based on the identified relationships in order to mitigate the exposures associated with the unmanaged devices.

System for mitigating exposure associated with identified unmanaged devices in a network using solution data modelling


In some embodiments, an apparatus includes an introducer sheath and a dilator. The introducer sheath can include a body portion and a tip portion. The body portion can be coupled to the tip portion via a seal portion. The dilator can be configured to be inserted into a lumen defined by the introducer sheath such that the dilator can engage with the tip portion and translate the tip portion relative to the body portion such that the tip portion moves the seal portion from a biased neutral configuration to an extended configuration for delivery of the apparatus to a location in a patient's body. The seal portion can have a larger outermost diameter in the neutral configuration than in the extended configuration.

Embodiments are described herein that relate to devices and methods for use in sealing a puncture site of the body of a patient, and particularly to devices and methods for providing access to a vasculature or a heart at a puncture site to deliver a procedural device, and sealing the puncture site during delivery of the procedural device to the vasculature or heart.
Some known introducer sheaths have been used to access a vasculature or a heart via a puncture site. Some known introducer sheaths can provide access to the vasculature or the heart for delivery of procedural devices or insertion of medical instruments. However, known introducer sheaths have various shortcomings. For example, when accessing a heart with an introducer sheath to deliver various procedural devices or instruments to the heart, blood can undesirably leak around the introducer sheath and out of the access site. In addition, when accessing a vasculature or a heart it is desirable to have a small diameter introducer sheath to reduce the size of the puncture site.
Thus, a need exists for devices and methods for providing access to a vasculature or a heart with a small diameter device to deliver various procedural devices and instruments, and sealing the puncture site during the delivery.

Introducer sheath with seal and methods of using the same


An apparatus for a pole change induction motor and control method for the same which are applicable to, for example, a driving source of an electric vehicle without power transmission are disclosed. In the control apparatus and method for the pole change motor is electrically changed between an n number of poles and a 2n number of the poles (n=2, 4, - - - ) so as to secure an output torque of the pole change induction motor in a constant driving mode with a high rotation speed of the induction motor without increase in a dimension of either of the induction motor or an inverter associated with the pole change induction motor and without occurrence in a torque variation. In a preferred embodiment, two channels of exciting and torque instructions and slip frequency generators (current instruction calculating blocks and current control systems) are provided for the n number of pole driving and 2n number of pole driving.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a pole change induction motor and control apparatus and method for controlling the same which is applicable to, for example, a driving source of an electric vehicle with no power transmission.
2. Description of the Background Art
Frequency (rotation speed) controls with inverters as power supplies for induction motors have been adopted as variable speed controls of induction motors. A torque characteristic of a torque with respect to a frequency (revolution or rotation speed) of the motor indicates a constant torque characteristic (dotted line with V in FIG. 1) so that the supplied voltage to the motor is, at this constant torque range, increased in proportion to the increase in the rotation speed. (The constant torque characteristic is such that even if the frequency (revolution speed) of the motor is changed, the torque of the motor does not change.)
FIG. 1 shows a revolution speed (frequency) versus torque characteristic graph in a frequency control of the induction motor.
As denoted by a solid line of FIG. 1, in a speed range in which a constant output is derived from the motor (hereinafter referred to as a constant output driving range) and which is in excess of the constant torque characteristic, the torque T is reduced along a curved line of 1/f (f: frequency of the motor) which is generally inversely proportional to the increase in the frequency due to a limitation of the applied voltage V from the inverter to the induction motor. A broken line shown in FIG. 1 denotes a maximum torque characteristic T' that the induction motor naturally has. At frequencies higher than a frequency denoted by af in FIGS. 1 and 2 (f in this case denotes a base speed) over which a point of intersection between the maximum torque characteristic curve T' (T' is proportional to 1/f.sup.2) and the torque characteristic T (T is proportional to 1/f) is present, the output torque of the motor is limited by the maximum torque characteristic T'. In FIGS. 1 and 2, a denotes an arbitrary number (integer) generally greater than 2. However, even if a is 1 or more, the above-described limitation of the output torque is established.
When the induction motor is driven in the constant output (characteristic) range shown in FIG. 1, the output torque is reduced as the frequency (rotation speed) becomes higher. In addition, the output torque is limited according to the maximum torque characteristic of the induction motor so that an insufficient torque is resulted according to a load applied to the induction motor.
The following driving methods have conventionally been considered in order to eliminate the torque insufficiency problem described above.
(1) Production of a large capacity and large dimension induction motor. If such an induction motor as having a maximum torque characteristic T" shown in FIG. 2 is used, the torque from the torque characteristic T shown in FIG. 2 can be derived until the rotation speed is increased and reaches to a predetermined speed (frequency) 2af according to the alternative maximum torque characteristic T" in place of the maximum torque characteristic T' as shown in FIG. 2.
(2) Production of a large capacity and large dimension inverter. If an output power (capacity) of the inverter connected to the induction motor is increased, the output voltage of the large dimension inverter is changed from V1 to V2 shown in FIG. 3 so as to derive the maximum torque characteristic T1" from that T1' of the induction motor, thus the output torque until the frequency (RPM) 2af being assured.
(3) Mechanically or manually switching of connections between windings in the induction motor: Such a driving of the induction motor as described below is carried out. That is to say, a pole change (change or switching, namely, the number of poles are changed) is carried out by mechanically or manually switching the connections between winding switching terminals of the induction motor and inverters when the driving revolution speed is in excess of a certain range.
However, in the above-described item (1), to obtain the double frequency (2af/af=2) as the value of the increased torque, it is necessary to double the dimension of the inverter so that the large sized whole system including the double sized induction motor is resulted.
In the above-described item (2), if the torque increase is resulted, an output current of the inverter is increased due to the change in a voltage characteristic applied to the induction motor and, thus, the whole system including the large-sized inverter itself is increased.
In the above-described item (3), it is necessary to provide a switch to change the number of poles. In addition, a switching operation interval of the switch corresponds to an idling time duration (no load driving) of the motor driving so that a torque shock (variation) due to an abrupt change of the output torque occurs during this switching operation. Furthermore, due to a frequent use of the switch causes a shortened life of the switch or failure in the switch.

Pole change induction motor and control apparatus and method for the same


This invention relates to a new class of novel linear inorganic-organic hybrid polymers of varying molecular weight that are useful for making high temperature, oxidatively stable thermosets, and these novel linear polymers are in themselves oxidatively stable at high temperatures between 600.degree.-1000.degree. C. These new materials have repeat units that contain at least one alkynyl group and at least one siloxanyl group within the backbone of these novel linear polymers. These novel linear polymers can be further polymerized to form thermosets and ceramics.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to an organosiloxane polymer containing one or more siloxanyl groups and alkynyl groups within the backbone of the polymer. These polymers of varying molecular weight are useful for making thermosetting polymers and ceramics thereof, respectively, and these polymers are in themselves oxidatively stable at high temperatures.
2. Description of the Related Art
The recent literature reflects continuing major research efforts to advance fundamental knowledge in high temperature material design. See K. J. Wynne and R. W. Rice, Ceramics Via Polymer Pyrolysis 14 ANN. REV. MAT. SCI. 297 (1984).
In the search for high temperature oxidatively stable materials considerable attention has been given to polymers containing inorganic elements within the polymer.
Some polymers that have been manufactured have the following formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 =R.sup.2 =Me, or R.sup.1 =R.sup.2 =Ph, or R.sup.1 =Ph and R.sup.2 =Me and where y is a positive integer. These polymers also show a weight loss in excess of 15-20% in an inert atmosphere when heated between 600.degree.-1000.degree. C. Greater weight loss is expected in an oxidative atmosphere when heated to the 600.degree.-1000.degree. C. range. See Table II of Maghsoodi et al. in Synthesis and Study of Silylene-Diacetylene Polymers published in 23 MACROMOLECULES pp. 4486 (1990).
There is an established need for siloxane and/or silyl polymeric materials that show high temperature stability where weight percentage loss is limited to 50% or less when heated in excess of 600.degree. C. in an oxidative environment.
In addition, a majority of the siloxane or silyl polymers show elastomeric properties rather than properties of more rigid polymeric products like thermosetting polymers or ceramics. Thus, in addition to thermal stability, there is also a need for polymers that behave more as thermosets and ceramics, upon further polymerization, and less like elastomeric polymers.

Siloxane unsaturated hydrocarbon based polymers


A replacement hard-top for a convertible sport truck or utility vehicle. The replacement top has a lightweight shell member and has at least one channel dimensioned to receive the vehicle's factory installed weather-seal in a tight frictional fit in order to form a weather-tight junction between said top and said body. The replacement top also has at least one notch, carried by the rear panels of the shell member, that is dimensioned to receive the vehicle's tail-gate when said tail-gate is in a closed position thus forming a weather-tight junction between said top and said tail-gate. This allows the replacement top to be interchangeable with the soft convertible top without replacing the factory installed weather-seal.

Many sport type truck and utility vehicles are provided with a canvas or similar material convertible top. A conventional soft convertible top has a factory installed weather-seal between the material of the convertible top and the body of the vehicle. This weather-seal is typically rubber and has a plurality of mounting points which serve to secure the convertible top to the body of the vehicle. It is often desirable to be able to replace the soft convertible top with a rigid hard-top. Conventionally, this requires removal of the factory installed weather-seal, which is replaced by a weather-seal suited particularly for the rigid hard-top. As the hard and soft tops are interchanged to suit the needs of the driver, these weather-seals lose their integrity as weather-seals and lose their effectiveness at providing a weather tight junction between the top and the body of the vehicle.
A similar problem is encountered at the junction of the tail-gate and the rearward lower edge of the hard-top. Some provision must be made for this junction to be weather-tight, or the driver is faced with a situation where the interior of the vehicle is unnecessarily exposed to wind and moisture.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a hard-top for a sport truck or utility vehicle to serve as an interchangeable replacement for the sport vehicle's factory installed soft convertible top.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a replacement hard-top for a sport truck or utility vehicle which can be installed over the vehicle's existing, factory installed weather-seals.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a replacement hard-top for a sport truck or utility vehicle which allows a weather-tight junction between the vehicle's tail-gate and the replacement hard-top.
Other objects and advantages over the prior art will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description together with the drawings as described as follows.


A multi-workstation device is provided which includes a vertically-oriented pole and a workstation assembly mounted thereto. The workstation assembly includes a sleeve mounted around the pole, a plurality of arms affixed to and extending radially outward from the sleeve, and a plurality of horizontally-oriented work surfaces affixed to the arms. In a preferred embodiment, the workstation assembly is vertically adjustable and circumferentially rotatable relative to the pole, and the device also includes a vertical lock and a circumferential lock for locking the workstation assembly to the pole in a desired vertical and circumferential position. The device optionally also includes a seat assembly or a workbench assembly, a light assembly, a winch assembly, a power supply, and an air supply.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to multi-workstation devices and, particularly, to multi-workstation devices for mounting a plurality of tools.
2. Background Information
Many tools, such as welders, grinders, drill presses, jigsaws, bearing presses, buffers, and miter saws, are designed to be mounted to a horizontally-oriented work surface. In most shop environments, the work surface used to mount these tools is a conventional workbench. In the shop, it is common that a worker uses a variety of different tools on a regular basis, and, thus, the worker often mounts the tools on a number of workbenches so as to make the tools readily accessible.
A problem that frequently arises, however, is that the tools mounted on existing workbenches utilize all of the available work space in the shop, and leave the worker with no space to perform other tasks. Under these circumstances, a worker can either add additional workbenches, or, alternately, limit the number of tools mounted to existing workbenches. If the shop area is small, there may not be enough area to accommodate the number of workbenches required to mount all of the necessary tools, and, as a result, the worker has no choice but to limit the number of tools mounted to existing workbenches. As such, many tools must be stored out of the way, and the worker must mount the tools on the workbenches on an as-needed basis.
Thus, it can be seen that there is a need for a device which can mount a plurality of tools in a small amount of shop area.
Therefore, an objective of the present invention is to provide a device which can mount a plurality of tools in a small amount of shop area. Another objective is to provide a device which includes a vertically-oriented pole and a plurality of horizontally-oriented work surfaces mounted thereto for providing rigid surfaces on which to mount the tools. A further objective is to provide a device wherein the work surfaces are vertically adjustable and circumferentially rotatable relative to the pole, and wherein the device also includes a vertical lock and a circumferential lock for locking the work surfaces to the pole in a desired vertical and circumferential position.


The present invention has for its object to provide an apparatus and a method for transferring boards, and a component mounting apparatus whereby a production efficiency can be improved in accordance with types of boards to be produced. For accomplishing this object, there are arranged a shift device capable of moving a mounted board from a process-finished board transfer path to an unprocessed board transfer path, a controller for controlling this moving, and an identifying device. This arrangement enables switching of a method of transferring boards in accordance with types of boards to be produced, and controlling supply of boards to the component mounting apparatus, so that production efficiency is improved in accordance with types of boards.

In accordance with widespread use of lead-wire less electronic components, namely, so-called chip components, components vary in shape and size. Since an electronic circuit is constituted by combining such electronic components, a much higher speed and a high reliability are demanded to be secured for electronic component mounting apparatuses which fix the electronic components to printed boards.
A plurality of the electronic component mounting apparatuses of the type referred to above are generally used in order to mount the electronic components to many printed boards. Since a loading operation of the printed board takes place for each component mounting apparatus when a plurality of the component mounting apparatuses are employed for one board transfer path, there is a problem that a degree of increase in production efficiency lowers as compared with a degree of increase in a number of apparatuses to be set. Suppose, for example, that a board loading time at each component mounting apparatus is 4 seconds and a mounting time of all electronic components is 10 seconds, then one component mounting apparatus requires 14 (10+4) seconds and two component mounting apparatuses require 9 (10/2)+4) seconds to produce one complete board.
The applicant of the present invention has disclosed an invention as a technique for solving the above problem in a publication of unexamined patent application of JP, 10-256785, A. A constitution and an operation of a printed board transferring apparatus disclosed in the published application of the above JP, 10-256785, A will be described below with reference to FIG. 9.
Roughly speaking, a component mounting apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 9 comprises two mounting parts 2A, 2B arranged in series, moving devices 3A, 3B for boards to be mounted, which are set respectively to the mounting parts 2A, 2B, a carry-in device 4 for supplying unmounted boards 7 to the mounting parts 2A, 2B, and a carry-out device 5 for transferring mounted boards 8 sent out from the mounting parts 2A, 2B. Although the carry-in device 4 and the carry-out device 5 are illustrated as if arranged in parallel in the same plane in FIG. 9 to facilitate a graphic representation and description, and moreover understanding, the carry-out device 5 and the carry-in device 4 are actually placed in an overlapping manner so as to be arranged on upper and lower sides to make the apparatus compact.
The moving devices 3A, 3B for boards to be mounted have loader conveyors 31A, 31 B which reciprocate between the carry-in device 4 and the mounting parts 2A, 2B to supply unmounted boards 7 from the carry-in device 4 to the mounting parts 2A, 2B, and unloader conveyors 32A, 32B which reciprocate between the mounting parts 2A, 2B and the carry-out device 5 to send out mounted boards 8 from the mounting parts 2A, 2B to the carry-out device 5. Since the carry-in device 4 and the carry-out device 5 are set in an overlapping manner in an up-down direction as mentioned above, the loader conveyors 31A, 31B move slantwise along a first direction 10 orthogonal to a board transfer direction 9, while the unloader conveyors 32A, 32B, positioned at an equal height as that of the carry-out device 5, move at this height in a second direction 11.
The component mounting apparatus I constituted as above operates in a manner to be described below.
When the mounting part 2A is not operating, an unmounted board 7 transferred by the carry-in device 4 from upstream equipment (not shown) is carried by the loader conveyor 31A into the mounting part 2A, and then all electronic components are mounted onto the unmounted board 7 at the mounting part 2A. A mounted board 8 with the components mounted thereon is carried by the unloader conveyor 32A to the carry-out device 5 and then transferred by the carry-out device 5 to equipment of a next process.
If the mounting part 2A is operating, the unmounted board 7 is transferred by the carry-in device 4, to pass a section of the mounting part 2A, to the mounting part 2B. When the mounting part 2B is not operating at this time, the unmounted board 7 is carried into the mounting part 2B by the loader conveyor 31B, and then all electronic components are mounted onto the unmounted board 7 by the mounting part 2B. A mounted board 8 with the components mounted thereon is sent out by the unloader conveyor 32B to the carry-out device 5 and transferred by the carry-out device 5 to next process equipment.
In producing one mounted board 8 in the component mounting apparatus 1 as described above, a loading operation of boards to the mounting parts 2A, 2B is completed at a time irrespective of a number of mounting parts. In other words, boards 7 can be supplied independently to each of the mounting parts 2A, 2B because of presence of the carry-in device 4 and the carry-out device 5. Given, for instance, that a board loading time and a mounting time at each of the mounting parts 2A, 2B are 4 seconds and 10 seconds, respectively, and since boards 7 can be supplied and equipped with components at the same time at the mounting parts 2A, 2B, a line Tact necessary for producing one finished board becomes (10+4)/2, i.e. 7 seconds, and shortened by 2 seconds in comparison with the earlier-mentioned 9 seconds.
The invention disclosed by the published application of the above JP, 10-256785, A is aimed to provide a board transfer method whereby a production efficiency of an electronic component mounting apparatus can be improved by shortening a loading time per board sent out from component mounting apparatus 1 on an understanding that each mounting part 2A, 2B can mount all necessary electronic components for producing one mounted board 8. However, as in recent years, a production form, in which a volume of production is relatively low and there are a wide variety of products to be made, is frequently practiced. Therefore, a condition that all of electronic components are mounted by one mounting part without fail is difficult to maintain.
Concretely, in a case, for example, where a number of types of electronic components necessary for manufacturing one mounted board 8 is more than a number of types of components which one mounting part can provide, all electronic components cannot be mounted by the one mounting part. In such a case as this, there is a problem in that it is necessary to set another component mounting apparatus, having another constitution, in order to mount remaining components.
The present invention is devised to solve the above problems and has for its object to provide a board transferring apparatus and method, and a component mounting apparatus which can improve a production efficiency in accordance with types of boards to be produced.

Board transferring apparatus including identifying devices, and component mounting apparatus including the board transferring apparatus


A hydraulic retarder including a rotor vane fixable to a rotational shaft rotating with vehicle wheels to relatively be unrotatable with respect thereto, a stator vane substantially unrotatable with respect to the vehicle body, and a clutch apparatus for engaging the rotational shaft with and disengaging same from the rotor vane. The clutch apparatus is provided with a plurality of clutch plates which are engaged with the rotational shaft to be axially slidable and alternately provided among a plurality of pressure plates. The rotor vanes, stator vanes and clutch apparatus is accommodated in a casing secured to the vehicle body parts within which an operation fluid is filled. The hydraulic retarder of the invention further includes plungers disposed spaced apart from one another and penetrating through the casing with fluid sealingly and located at an end of the support member. A drive apparatus disposed outside the casing for actuating the clutch apparatus by depressing the plunger into the casing.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a hydraulic retarder compact in size and capable of reducing the number of rotating parts provided between an operation fluid filled within a casing of the retarder and atmosphere outside the casing.
2. Related Art
There has been known a conventional hydraulic retarder for large-sized vehicles such as buses, trucks, etc. The conventional hydraulic retarder of this type produces a braking torque when, for example, the vehicle goes down a sloping road or the vehicle running at high speed is to decelerate abruptly, to thereby suppress an undesired fade phenomenon and, therefore, improve a safety and durability of friction materials of the bake.
One example of the conventional hydraulic retarder is as disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,828,079. According to the hydraulic retarder described in this patent, a clutch apparatus is disposed outside a casing of the hydraulic retarder and a cylinder apparatus for driving the clutch apparatus to engage/disengage is also disposed outside the casing. The hydraulic retarder of this type is provided with rotatable rotor vanes secured to a rotating shaft such as a propeller shaft rotating with vehicle wheels, and unrotatable stator vanes secured to a vehicle body. When the rotor vanes are engaged with the rotational shaft by an operation of the clutch apparatus, the retarder produces a braking torque by a speed energy of an operation fluid flowing between the stator vanes and rotor vanes. The operation fluid is always filled within the retarder casing accommodating therein the stator vanes and rotor vanes.
The conventional hydraulic retarder as described above saves internal space of the casing for accommodating the vanes since the clutch apparatus is disposed outside the casing. However, the cooling effect of the operation fluid is not applied to the clutch apparatus. Further, the hydraulic retarder of this type may readily suffer from a problem in occurring a leakage of the operation fluid because the retarder has many rotating or sliding parts or portions connecting between the operation fluid filled within the casing and atmosphere outside the casing.

Hydraulic retarder having a fluid filled casing with a rotor operating clutch disposed therein


A grating forming method for forming a fine grating with a grating period of at most 1 μm on a surface of a blank material including (1) feeding realatively a diamond cutting tool and the blank material in a groove extended direction while rotating the diamond cutting tool about the axial line and (2) cutting the surface of the blank material with a blade tip part of the diamond cutting tool to form the grooves while rotating and feeding the diamond cutting tool. When the fine grating with the grating period of “P” μm is formed and the feed amount per revolution of the diamond cutting tool is set to be “S” μm, the feed amount per revolution “S”, with which the diamond cutting tool is fed in the groove extended direction while rotating the diamond cutting tool about the axial line, is set to satisfy the following conditional expression: S<2.9P3. This conditional are expression is applied to a blank material, a molding die, a molded product, and a master member for manufacturing a molding die.

A photonic crystal which is an optical material having a refractive index distribution in almost the same period as the wavelength of light beam has gotten a lot of attention as a new optical material that can freely control the propagation and the generation of light beams. In the photonic crystal, a fine grating is formed on the surface of the material with the grating period in a nanometer-order. The fine grating is conventionally formed by using thin film techniques (semiconductor process) such as an X-ray lithography or an electron beam lithography.
However, in order to perform the thin film technique, expensive facilities such as a film forming equipment, an exposure equipment, a lithography equipment, and an etching equipment are required. In addition, since a long time is required for processing, mass production can not be performed.
On the other hand, in recent years, an inexpensive processing with a high degree of efficiency has become possible by the appearance of an ultra-precision working machine. There are various types of working methods used in the ultra precision working machine such as fly cutting, planer, end mill, and lathe working methods.
The ultra-precision working machine can form gratings with the grating period of 1 μm and more with a sufficient degree of accuracy. However, in the field of nano-technologies such as a photonic crystal, it is naturally demanded that the grating period should be 1 μm or less. When the ultra-precision working machine performs in such a nanometer-order, a burr is formed and the roughness and the swelling of a worked surface are increased. On the contrary, a long working time is required when a deburring is performed after cutting work.
In an optical element used in various types of optical devices, a multi-layer film for anti-reflection is often formed on the surface of the optical element to decrease the energy loss and the stray light due to the reflection of a light beam. In such a multi-layer film, the reflection is prevented in such a manner that the respective reflected lights between the respective layers cancel each other through the interference.
However, when the multi-layer film is used for anti-reflection, the material having an optimal refractive index as the multi-layer film is limited. Thus a combination of optimal materials may not exist depending on a blank material and the wavelength of the incident light. Furthermore, the heat resisting properties and the durability may be reduced due to the physical, chemical and thermal inconsistency based on the differences of the materials of the respective layers. In addition, since the multi-layer film is formed by means of the vapor deposition, the cost of material increases.
Instead of the multi-layer film, another anti-reflection method has been known in which a grating comprising of minute projections with a shorter period than the wavelength of light is constructed on the surface of an optical element. The grating comprising minute projections with the period shorter than the wavelength of light is equivalent to a medium having a certain refractive index and gives the same anti-reflection effect as the multi-layer film. In addition, when the minute projection is formed in a conical shape or pyramid shape, its volume occupancy rate gradually changes from the base portion of the minute projection to the front end side thereof. Therefore, since the effective refractive index on the surface gradually varies, the anti-reflection characteristics are improved. Alternatively, the construction in which projections and recesses are formed on the surface at random has been proposed to realize similar anti-reflection characteristics (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-286906). However, when the grating comprising many minute projections as described above is formed by mechanical processing, it is very difficult to easily manufacture a grating such that a burr is not formed.

Grating forming method and manufacturing method for master member for manufacturing molding die


The present invention relates to a method and system for tracking the movement of data elements as they are shared and moved between authorized and unauthorized devices and among authorized and unauthorized users.

Enterprises are required to protect data according to regulatory requirements such as HIPAA, PCI, and Safe Harbor laws. For example, PCI requires cardholder data to be encrypted at all times, HIPAA requires data breaches to be reported, and Safe Harbor prohibits the transmission of personally identifiable data (PII), without the approval of the data's owner. Furthermore, HIPAA Omnibus requires protected health information ("PHI") data to be protected throughout the entire chain of trust in the healthcare industry. Despite the existence of these regulations, enterprises struggle to comply with the laws due to the lack of a comprehensive method and system for data protection.
Healthcare organizations are now realizing that securing sensitive patient information is critical to the broader mission of providing comprehensive patient safety. Existing security measures which involve network infrastructure (firewalls, VPNs, encryption), or which limit access to systems and applications (passwords, biometrics, two-factor authentication) often fail to prevent breaches of sensitive data. The present invention augments these existing measures by focusing on the actual data, the rising need to understand the context and origin of it, where it has been, and who has seen it. These growing demands, also referred to as "Data Provenance", are cornerstones of OCR's (Office of Civil Rights) enforcement of HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules, as well as ONC's (The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology) Meaningful Use and Interoperability standards.
The HIPAA Omnibus 2013 Final Rule requires covered entities such as hospitals and insurance companies to now be operationally and financially responsible for tracking and protecting all patient information throughout their service provider networks, including partners and affiliates where up to 70% of all breaches occur.
In recent years there have been many innovations designed to protect data at rest and while in transmission. Encryption for example is commonly used for this purpose. Encryption may be useful to protect data at rest including: individual files, entire data bases, specific data base fields, and even specific fields within documents. Encryption is also commonly used to protect data in transmission. Common methods for protecting data in transmission include Secure Socket Layer (SSL) encryption which creates an encrypted tunnel between the sender and receiver of data. Another method of protecting data in transmission is through the use of a data transmission encryption key. This data transmission encryption key is used to encrypt the data before transmission. Taken together, the above uses of encryption can be effective to protect sensitive data when the data is stored on an authorized system or when the data is transferred between two or more authorized systems.
However, data can occasionally leak outside of the boundaries of the authorized (e.g. protected) environment. For example, employees may copy an unencrypted version of a sensitive file onto a USB flash drive. Or for example, an unencrypted version of a file may be attached to an email and sent to an unauthorized user or device. Or for example, sensitive data can be stored on a public cloud storage system (such as the service provided by Box and Dropbox) and later downloaded to an authorized user onto an unsecure computer or endpoint. There may be no record of this act of downloading the document to an unsecure computer.
In order to address the above and other common causes of data leakage, some companies have implemented tools to prevent the data leakage. These Data Loss Prevention (DLP) tools can be effective in preventing the leakage of much data much of the time. However DLP tools cannot prevent the leakage of all sensitive data all of the time. Therefore, there are occasions when sensitive data escapes from the most sophisticated environments resulting in the data being stored within an unprotected environment. At this point, it is very problematic to either control or track the movement or use of the data.
Therefore, a need exists for a method and system that addresses these shortcomings in the prior art by tracking the movement of data files and data elements as they are shared and moved between authorized and unauthorized devices, within various cloud storage systems, and among authorized and unauthorized users based on the classification of the data.

Method and system for forensic data tracking


A damped armrest including an armrest frame defining a bore and a fixed mandrel defining an axis about which the frame rotates. A reservoir is formed by the bore and the mandrel. Vanes on the mandrel project into the reservoir. The reservoir is filled with damping media for controlling rotation of the frame about the mandrel.

Seating arrangements in vehicles often provide individual seats for the driver and at least some passengers. In vans, trucks, motor homes and the like, passengers and drivers may access the individualized seat provided for them by sliding into the seat from a side thereof. Egress from the seat may be achieved in the same manner.
For comfort, relaxation and a feeling of security, it is known to provide armrests along the sides of the individualized seats. In some seat designs, the armrests are formed integrally with the seat bottom and/or seat back. However, ingress and egress around fixed armrests can be difficult. It is known to provide one or more of the armrests rotatably connected to the seat. In a known design, the armrest is connected by a pivotal axis secured to the seat back. The armrest is rotatable from a substantially horizontal orientation to a substantially vertical orientation, more or less in line with the seat back. Passengers and drivers alike can enter and exit the seat easily and conveniently by raising the armrest and thereby removing the obstacle from the path for substantial, lateral movement into and out of the seat.
An uncontrolled pivotally mounted armrest can fall from the raised position, suddenly and unexpectedly. Since the armrest is pivotally connected to the seat near one end of the armrest, the weight of the armrest causes rapid acceleration of the armrest towards the lowered position. After a period of use, the armrest may be sufficiently worn that only a slight bump or jar of the seat or armrest can cause the armrest to fall from the raised to the lowered position. This can be inconvenient for elderly people or people with physical infirmities that create difficulties in entering and leaving the seat. Unintended lowering of the armrest also can present difficulties for adults attempting to position children in the seat, or in a child seat secured to the vehicle seat.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide controlled movement of the armrest between raised and lowered positions. Desirably, the armrest will move in a steady, smooth pace throughout the entire range of movement between the raised and lowered positions.


A relay is provided with fixed contact mounts anchored in a base, as well as contact springs arranged between the fixed contact mounts. The springs are actuated at their free ends. The contact springs each have spring mounts that include terminal segments anchored in the base, respectively parallel to the fixed contact mounts, but outside the space enclosed by them. These terminal segments are connected with the appertaining contact springs via U-shaped connection segments; the connection segments are guided in corresponding guide channels of the base in an insulated fashion. In this way, several sets of switchover contacts can be arranged in simple and space-saving fashion in a relay base, given a predetermined terminal configuration.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electromagnetic relay. More specifically, the present invention relates to an electromagnetic relay having a base that defines a base plane. The relay includes at least one switchover contact set including two fixed contact mounts anchored in parallel in the base and fixed contacts on their free ends. Each contact set also having a contact spring that can be switched over between the fixed contacts at a first end which bears a movable contact and a second end which is fastened to a spring mount that comprises a terminal segment that is anchored in the base parallel to and in alignment with the fixed contact mounts, but outside the space enclosed by them. The relay also has an electromagnet system that stands with its coil axis vertical with respect to the base and whose armature movement is transmitted to the contact spring(s) via a slide that can be moved parallel to the base plane.
A relay of the above-described variety is known for example from DE-AS 1 166 893. There, the spring mounts project upward from the base approximately parallel to the coil axis, and the contact spring is respectively fastened on its upper end, said spring extending in the opposite direction and working together with the fixed contacts in the base region. In this case, the bolt engages with the contact spring between the fastening point and the contacts, by which means the effective spring length is limited and the forces to be applied by the magnet system are relatively high.
From EP 0 016 980 B1, a relay for high switching capacity is known in which a spring mount is arranged between two fixed contact mounts, whereby the spring extends upward from the base, parallel to the contact mount. The terminal pins of the fixed contact mounts are disposed on the external side of the base and are bent at right angles, in order to produce a greater distance to the spring mount.
There is a need for a relay of the type cited above, having a simplified construction and which can be used in an arrangement with several switchover contacts, with spring mounts that lie with their terminals in a predetermined grid outside the fixed contact mounts, but with the contact springs arranged in an easily surveyed fashion between the fixed contacts, and which can be actuated by the magnet system in such a way that their circuit state can also be easily monitored.


The present disclosure relates to methods of treating chronic conditions of the eye, such as dry eye disease and blepharitis, as well as to methods for increasing secretion of meibum. This disclosure also relates to formulations suitable for treating chronic conditions of the eye such as dry eye disease and blepharitis.

Dry eye disease (DED) encompasses a number of disease states, defined by the TFOS DEWS II (Ocul. Surf, 2017, 15(3), 269-650) as "a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms, in which tear film instability and hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities play etiological roles." DED can be generally divided into two classes: aqueous tear-deficient dry eye (ADDE) and evaporative dry eye (EDE), each of which can be divided further into subclasses. One of the leading conditions associated with DED, and in particular EDE, is meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), which is itself an umbrella term encompassing several disorders, wherein disruption and obstruction of the meibomian gland negatively impacts the quality and quantity of meibum, a lipid-rich secretion that protects the ocular surface from damage and premature evaporation of tears (Chhadva, et al., Ophthalmology, 2017, 124(11 Suppl), S20-S26). There are approximately 20-40 meibomian glands in each eyelid and they are responsible for producing meibum that coats the tears and prevents premature tear evaporation. When the meibomian glands are healthy, patent, and functioning properly, meibum assumes a liquid, olive-oil like consistency. Every blink applies an expression force to the meibomian glands and some clear liquid meibum is expressed from the gland orifice and fortifies the tear's outermost lipid layer. With MGD-based EDE, the development of an imbalance in natural lipids and lipid chemistry results in a higher meibum melting temperature, which ultimately leads to meibum transitioning from a healthy, clear, liquid state to a cloudy, semi-hardened state to an advanced, diseased, hardened state. Eventually as the disease progresses and the lipid chemistry of meibum worsens, the hardened meibum becomes unavailable and inexpressible resulting in a low quality tear lipid layer and premature tear evaporation. In obstructive MGD, the blink results in little to no expression of meibum due to its hardened physiochemical state and inexpressibility, a compromised lipid layer, and accelerated tear evaporation.
Globally, the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) is estimated to be between 5 to 20 percent, and approximately 16 million Americans have been diagnosed. It is estimated that 86% of these DED sufferers have MGD-associated EDE (Letup, et al., Cornea, 2012, 472-478). Those with DED suffer from either inadequate tear production, poor quality of tears, or both, which results in redness, stinging, burning, itching, light sensitivity, watery eyes, blurry vision, irregularities of the ocular surface, and damage to corneal or conjunctival epithelium and tissues. It is believed that a majority of dry eye patients have at least some degree of both aqueous deficiency and lipid deficiency. Treatment is largely palliative, and no broad cure for DED has been developed.
Relatedly, blepharitis, which could be associated with MGD, is an inflammatory condition of the eyelids, that can cause irritation, reddening, itching, burning, edema, and crusting, among other symptoms. Blepharitis can lead to permanent alterations of the eyelid margin. The condition is generally into two categories based on location. Anterior blepharitis occurs on the outer edges of the eyelids and is typically associated with bacterial infection. Posterior blepharitis, which occurs on the inner edges of the eyelids, can result when the meibomian glands produce reduced or poor quality meibum, resulting in excessive evaporation of water from the ocular surface.
There are currently no FDA approved treatments for blepharitis, and there are only four FDA approved drugs (Restasis®, Xiidra®, Cequa®, and Eysuvis®) for treating dry eye, which all act to reduce inflammatory aspects of the condition. In cases where bacterial infection results, topical or oral antibiotics may be administered, although these might not treat the underlying cause of the disease, and chronic use can result in undesired toxicity or side effects. Available treatment strategies are therefore largely palliative, and focus on maintaining proper lid hygiene. Eyelid warming using warm compresses is the standard eyelid therapy to increase meibum fluidity in patients with obstructed meibomian glands, but warm compresses are inexact and often ineffective (i.e., are too hot, are not hot enough for long enough, cool off too fast to do so effectively, do not conform to the eyelids sufficiently enough to achieve requisite sufficiently elevated meibum melting temperatures), compliance is an issue, and chronic use can result in thermal injury to ocular tissue. Opening of obstructed meibomian glands by physical expression or lid massage can improve secretion and dry eye symptoms, but compliance remains an issue as with warm compresses, the necessary procedures can cause damage to sensitive tissues (e.g., undesirable corneal remodeling from rubbing the eyelids and applying undesirable pressure on the cornea), and the therapeutic effects are short-lived.
Accordingly, there is a need for effective, long-term methods of treating disorders of the eye, including DED and blepharitis, particularly when the disorder is due to obstructed meibomian glands due to hardened meibum, and when the disorder persists chronically, over months, years, or an entire lifetime.

Formulations and methods for treating conditions of the eye


The related arts have difficulty in efficiently dissipating the heat generated by a resin-molded semiconductor element, and thus have the problem of thermal stress causing damage to the semiconductor element. To solve the problem, a semiconductor device of the preferred embodiments includes common leads coupled to an island, and a part of the common leads projects out from a resin seal body. The projecting common leads have a coupling portion. When mounting the semiconductor device, the common leads are bridged with brazing material. Thus, the heat generated by an integrated circuit chip mounted on the island is dissipated through the common leads to the outside of the resin seal body. In the preferred embodiments of the invention, a further improvement in heat dissipation characteristics can be accomplished by increasing the surface areas of the common leads.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device using a lead frame including discrete leads and common leads, and more particularly to a semiconductor device including common leads of which outer portions have a coupling portion and which are bridged with brazing material (e.g., solder or the like) in order to enhance a heat dissipation effect.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, higher-density semiconductor devices have been sought in order to comply with smaller-sized electronic equipment. Thus, an approach has been carried out, which involves mounting on a lead frame an integrated circuit chip having various LSI (large scale integrated) circuits, and encapsulating with resin the integrated circuit chip mounted on the lead frame.
The description is given with regard to a conventional semiconductor device with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of a conventional lead frame having an integrated circuit chip mounted thereon. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a semiconductor device using the lead frame. FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the semiconductor device using the lead frame as mounted on a conductive pattern.
As shown in FIG. 8, a lead frame 1 includes an island 3 on which an integrated circuit chip 2 is mounted, and a plurality of leads 4A, 4B, 4C, . . . , and 5A, 5B, 5C, . . . , which act as external electrode terminals. The leads 4A and the like are arranged in DIP (dual in-line package) form and spaced at predetermined intervals.
The integrated circuit chip 2 is mounted on the island 3 of the lead frame 1. Electrodes 6A, 6B, 6C, . . . , and 7A, 7B, 7C, . . . placed on the integrated circuit chip 2 are respectively bonded to the leads 4A and the like through fine metal wires 8A, 8B, 8C, . . . , and 9A, 9B, 9C, . . .
As shown in FIG. 9, a resin-sealing body 10 is formed so that the outer portions of the leads 4A and the like are exposed to the outside thereof, and thus a semiconductor device 11 is completed.
As shown in FIG. 10, in the semiconductor device 11, the ends of the leads 4A and the like are brazed (e.g., soldered or otherwise bonded) to conductive patterns 14A, 14B, 14C, and the like on a printed wiring board 12.
As mentioned above, the semiconductor device includes the integrated circuit chip, which is increasing in size year by year. Thus, the heat generated by the integrated circuit chip and the like can cause thermal damage to the integrated circuit chip or the semiconductor device. Although it is therefore necessary to improve heat dissipation characteristics of the semiconductor device, the semiconductor device has the problem of inadequate heat dissipation because the integrated circuit chip and the island having the chip mounted thereon are integrally molded with resin. Moreover, the lead frame having a larger number of pins becomes thinner and thus there was the problem of impairing the heat dissipation characteristics.

Semiconductor device and hybrid integrated circuit device