The present invention discloses a method, apparatus, and article of manufacture for organizing files associated with a job ticket in a computer system linked to a storage device. The job ticket includes information on a document included in a print job, information on a plurality of files that are associated with the document, and location information indicating the location of the files. The user specifies a directory location in the storage device in which to copy the job ticket and related print job files. The files are accessed using the location information and copied, along with the job ticket, to the user specified directory location in the storage device. The invention may further include the step of modifying the location information to indicate that the files copied to the directory location are in a location relative to the location of the job ticket. The user may enter the directory location using a GUI on a computer. With the disclosed system, the computer system can organize files located on different computers linked together over a network into a common directory location within the network.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to organizing a job ticket that includes information describing the component files and print attributes of a print job and, in particular, to a method, apparatus, and article of manufacture for organizing the component files and the job ticket in a common directory.
2. Description of the Related Art
Network printing systems generally comprise an assemblage of different printers, client computers, servers, and other components connected over a network. A print job is assembled at a client computer and transmitted over the network to a server linked to a variety of printers. The printers may have different printing capabilities. Thus, for a given submitted print job, some printers in the network may not be able to process the print job. To route print jobs through a network printing system, International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) provides Printing Systems Manager (PSM) products that provide centralized and distributed management of a network printing system. The IBM PSM systems manage the flow of print jobs and insure that a print job is routed to a printer that can handle the job.
A print job is comprised of one or more electronically-stored files and the print attributes therefor. The print attributes inform the printer how to process the files. To assemble print jobs, prior art systems include software installed on the client computer that displays a graphical user interface (GUI). Using a mouse, keyboard, etc., the user selects from a menu of options displayed in the GUI the components and print attributes for a print job. The client computer, under control of the installed software, would then create an electronically-stored job ticket based on the information entered by the user.
Job tickets typically only define the print attributes for a single file. However, a document may be comprised of multiple files, each having one or more print attributes. In the prior art, an user putting together a document comprised of multiple files would have to manually keep track of the location of the different files and manually assemble the files for printing. Moreover, the user would have to insure that the job tickets submitted for each file include the proper print attributes. Print jobs comprised of multiple documents, which are further comprised of multiple files, only increase the complexity of the user's task. Thus, there is a need in the art for network printing systems that eliminate these problems and facilitate the printing of complex documents comprised of multiple files stored throughout the network printing system.

Method for organizing files associated with a job ticket used in a network printing system


A circuit board including conductive layers bonded to both surfaces of an insulating ceramic substrate, with a brazing material disposed therebetween. The conductive layers comprise at least 99.98% by mass of aluminum, and display an average crystal grain diameter within a range from 0.5 mm to 5 mm and a standard deviation σ for that crystal grain diameter of no more than 2 mm. Each conductive layer comprises at least 20 ppm of Cu, Fe and Si. The surface area of the crystal with the maximum crystal grain diameter within the conductive layers accounts for no more than 15% of the surface area of the insulating ceramic substrate.

Conventionally, the semiconductor devices used in power modules and the like use circuit boards in which a conductive layer of Cu or Al, and a heat radiating plate are formed on the front and rear surfaces of a ceramic substrate consisting of alumina, beryllia, silicon nitride or aluminum nitride or the like. This type of circuit board enables a high level of insulation to be obtained in a more stable manner than composite substrates formed from a resin substrate and a metal substrate, or resin substrates.
In those cases where the conductive layer and the heat radiating plate are Cu, the generation of thermal stress caused by the differing levels of thermal expansion of the ceramic substrate and the solder is unavoidable, and as a result, the long term reliability tends to be unsatisfactory. In contrast, in those cases where the conductive layer and the heat radiating plate are Al, although the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity are inferior to those of Cu, the Al can readily undergo plastic deformation if exposed to thermal stress, enabling the thermal stress to be alleviated, and as a result, the reliability is superior.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2001-53199 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. Hei 8-335652 disclose related technology.
In order to bond rolled Al plates to both surfaces of an insulating ceramic, bonding must be conducted at a high temperature of at least 500° C., using a brazing material. In such cases, following the brazing process, warping can develop when the structure is returned to normal temperatures, and this warping can cause problems in the circuit board production process and the assembly process used for producing power modules.
As shown in FIG. 3A, it is thought that the cause of this warping is the Al crystals within the conductive layer growing overly large during the brazing process. If the crystal grain diameter becomes overly large, then anisotropy develops in the mechanical characteristics of the conductive layers formed on both surfaces of the insulating ceramic substrate, and the resulting unbalanced stresses cause warping. In those cases where conductive layers are bonded to both the front and rear surfaces of an insulating ceramic substrate, the two conductive layers are preferably of the same thickness in order to ensure better stress balance.
The grain diameter of Al crystals can be controlled by increasing the quantity of added elements, although as the quantity of added elements increases, the ability of the Al to alleviate stress is reduced. As a result, if the 0.2% proof stress value or the work hardening coefficient of the Al exceed certain reference values, then when, for example, −40° C. to 125° C. temperature cycle testing is conducted, the ceramic substrate may develop cracking.
The present invention takes the above circumstances into consideration, with an object of reducing circuit board warping, and preventing ceramic substrate cracking.

Circuit board, method of producing same, and power module


An inductive cooking device for reducing disturbance radiation has a shielding housing with an opening in the region of a cooking (hot) plate containing an induction coil. A further coil, the ends of which are connected by a capacitor, is provided in the region of the opening.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an inductive cooking device, and in particular to reducing disturbance radiation in such a device.
2. Background Information
An inductive cooking device is known from DE-OS 37 23 485. Such an inductive cooking device contains a heating coil which is fed from a generator with an alternating current of approximately 5 to 30 at a frequency in the range of 20 to 30 kHz. The heating coil generates currents by induction in the sides of a pan placed above the cooking (hot) plate which heats the items to be cooked placed in the pan. Due to the relatively high power involved of 300 to 6000 W, such cooking devices produce magnetic leakage (stray) fields which can interfere with consumer electric devices such as radio receivers, located in the vicinity of the cooking area. Therefore, a way of minimizing such stray fields are required.
It is known to surround the entire cooking device with a protective screen (shielding). However, this screen must have an opening in the region of the cooking plate on which the pan is placed because otherwise the induction field cannot emerge and pass into the cooking pan. This unavoidable opening leads to stray fields being emitted, in particular on upper harmonic waves of the operating frequency.


There is disclosed a process for producing a resin-sealed type electronic device which comprises forming a dam frame on edge and side portions of a substrate loaded with a single or a plurality of electronic elements so as to encompass the electronic elements by sticking down a pressure sensitive adhesive sheet to the substrate, pouring a resin for sealing in the inside of the dam frame, and heat-curing the poured resin. The process dispenses with an intricate production step or a long time in forming the dam frame, thus enabling forming of the same with a minimized number of production steps and in the shortest amount of time possible.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a process for producing a resin-sealed type electronic device which comprises forming a dam frame on a substrate loaded with at least one electronic element so as to encompass the electronic element, pouring a resin for sealing in the inside of the dam frame, and heat-curing the poured resin.
2. Description of the Related Arts.
In general, semiconductor chips and integrated circuits (IC), etc. that are constituted of internally contained semiconductor chips are employed as a resin-sealed electronic devices.
For the resin sealing, there is prevalently used a method which comprises housing a substrate loaded with an electronic element in a cavity of a die, and transfer injection molding a resin for sealing. However, the above-mentioned method involves such problems as requiring much expense for equipment such as dies, and in particular being difficult to cope with small lots and multi-item manufacture.
Conversely as a method easy to cope with small lots and multi-item manufacture, there is carried out a method which comprises forming a dam frame on a substrate loaded with at least one electronic element so as to encompass the electronic element, pouring a low viscosity resin for sealing in the inside of the dam frame, and heat-curing the poured resin.
The dam frame in the method is intended to prevent the resin for sealing from leaking out therefrom, and is usually formed by coating prescribed portions with a leakage preventive material composed of a high viscosity resin for sealing and/or a sealant, and heat-curing the material {for instance, refer to Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 124401/2003 (Heisei 15)}.
However the method just mentioned involves the problem of intricate steps of applying a leakage preventive material and heat-curing the same, increased number of steps, requiring a long time for heat-curing, and also requiring a long time up to the formation of the dam frame, and in turn for the entire steps.

Process for producing resin-sealed type electronic device


Disclosed are compounds having the following formula:

Donor/acceptor-substituted rhodium carbenoids such as 1 have been shown to be versatile intermediates in organic synthesis. These carbenoids are capable of extremely selective reactions, and when catalyzed by rhodium prolinates such as Rh2(S-DOSP)4 (2) the reactions are routinely highly enantioselective.

One of the earliest explored reactions was the cyclopropanation chemistry of the donor/acceptor-substituted carbenoids. As illustrated in the reaction of the vinyldiazoacetate 3 with styrene, the reactions are highly diastereoselective, which is in marked contrast to the typical cyclopropanation chemistry of ethyl diazoacetate. The Rh2(S-DOSP)4 catalyzed reaction of 3 with styrene at −78° C. generates the cyclopropane 4 in 98% de and 98% ee.
The reaction conditions have been recently optimized such that the cyclopropanations can be conducted with immobilized catalysts or with catalyst loadings as low as 0.001%. The optimum catalyst for the high turnover work was the bridged catalyst Rh2(S-biTISP)4.

A major breakthrough in the chemistry of the donor/acceptor-substituted carbenoids was the discovery that these carbenoids are very effective for selective intermolecular C—H insertions. This is a very powerful synthetic strategy for "C—H activation", and it is arguably the most practical and versatile method to date for catalytic asymmetric C—H functionalization. Prior to our work, the intramolecular C—H insertions were well established but the intermolecular version was not considered synthetically useful because the conventional carbenoids were too reactive and very prone to dimerization. These problems have now been solved by using the donor/acceptor-substituted carbenoids because they are more stabilized than the conventional carbenoids.
The C—H functionalization strategy offers an alternative to many of the classic reactions of organic synthesis. It can be considered as a surrogate to the aldol reaction, the Claisen rearrangement, the Mannich reaction, and the Michael addition, and, in all cases, excellent control of both relative and absolute stereochemistry is possible. Furthermore, the chemistry has been used in the direct synthesis of pharmaceutical targets such as (+)-cetiedil (5), (+)-indatraline (6), threo-methylphenidate (Ritalin) (7), and the lignan α-conidendrin (8).

The C—H activation chemistry is capable of spectacular chemoselectivity. C—H functionalization is favored at sites that stabilize developing positive charge on the carbon undergoing insertion, but this effect is counterbalanced by the steric influence of the carbenoid.
In all of the studies described above, the electron withdrawing group was a methyl ester. Even increasing the size of the methyl ester to a tert-butyl ester caused a dramatic drop in the enantioselectivity (from 90% ee to 50% ee, 74% ee to 9% ee). Therefore, it would be highly desirable to develop a new type of chiral catalyst that would be applicable to other types of electron withdrawing groups. The present invention is directed, in part, to addressing this need.

Catalysts for use in enantioselective synthesis

Abstract: in which Z11 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted saturated adamantyl or other polycyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted branched acyclic group containing at least 5 carbon atoms at least one of which is a tertiary carbon; and in which Z12 is a cyclic imide. Methods of using these compounds as chiral catalysts for carbenoid reactions and for enantioselective C—H aminations are also described.

The Research Foundation of State University of New York


An integrated optical auto focus and zooming system is provided, which includes a first optical lens, a first hollow casing, a second hollow casing, a plurality of piezoelectric elements. The first optical lens is placed in the first hollow casing, the first hollow casing and the second hollow casing are screwed with each other, and the plurality of piezoelectric elements are attached either on the first hollow casing or the second hollow casing. Upon the excitation of mechanical vibrations by the plurality of piezoelectric elements, a traveling wave is generated on the attached casing, so as to drive the other casing to rotate and then to move axially. Additional lens groups and casings can be added in the same way so to achieve multiple relative motions between lens groups and image sensor, and thus achieving the objectives of focusing and zooming. The present invention integrates the motor into the lens and hence eliminates the transmission mechanism, leading to simple structure, high efficiency, and multiple advantages in size, cost, and efficiency, etc., and thus can be very useful.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to optics, more particularly, to an integrated optical auto focus and zooming system.
2. Description of Related Art
In the current optical auto focus and zooming systems, a conventional motor is generally used to drive an optical lens (or lens set) through a transmission mechanism, such that the structure is complex. In addition, since conventional motors have a relatively high rotating speed, mostly, a speed-restraining mechanism is required additionally. As a result, the structure becomes even more complex, and the transmission efficiency of the system is reduced.
Lately ultrasonic motors (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,940,209) that utilize the reverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials and a driving mechanism formed by a specific design are adopted, which consist of only functional members such as a stator and a rotor with piezoelectric elements fixed on the stator. Since ultrasonic motors have the advantages of low rotating speed and simple transmission mechanism, they provide a good alternative for driving the optical auto focus and zooming system.
However, when an optical lens is driven by the torque output from an ultrasonic motor via the motor shaft, transmission parts and/or connection parts are required additionally to transfer the torque to the lens, leading to the following disadvantages: first, the structural complexity is increased; second, the fabricating cost is increased; and third, the precision, the stability, and the reliability of the operation of the optical lens are greatly limited by the transmission parts or by the connection parts.

Integrated optical focusing/zooming system

Boly Media Communications (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.


The invention relates to a method of editing data generated by handwriting. The method comprises the steps of                detecting an initiation of an editing;        identifying a marking stroke which marks data that is to be edited;        determining an essentially minimal convex envelope which surrounds the marking stroke;        identifying the remaining data, in addition to the data of the actual marking stroke, which is positioned within the convex envelope; and        performing an editing operation on said data positioned within the convex envelope.

Currently, a variety of techniques are available for generating data while a person is writing by hand. In the present application this relates to generating an electronic representation of the characters that the person is writing by hand.
Such a prior-art technique implies that the person uses a specific electronic device which is provided with a screen on which the person can write directly using a handwriting device in the form of an elongate instrument. The electronic device is constructed so as to be able to detect and store, as said data, the characters that the person is writing on the screen. The device is also capable of reproducing the characters on the screen so that the person may see what she is writing.
Another prior-art technique implies that the person uses a handwriting device in the form of an ordinary pen and writes on an ordinary sheet of paper. However, the sheet of paper is specific insofar as it is provided with a position code coding a plurality of positions on the surface. The positions are located close to each other. The pen is also specific insofar as it comprises a device which detects the position code while the person is writing with the pen. The detected positions are stored, as said data, and can then be processed as any electronic data and can, for instance, be transferred to a computer or some other electronic device, for instance via short range radio, and be further processed as desired.
In addition to said further processing of data, the person who is writing sometimes wants to edit data directly and with the aid of the handwriting device. Then there is a need for a simple and clear manner of marking what is to be edited. The existing methods are based on a closed curve being drawn round the text to be edited. Examples of this are disclosed in EP-615,209 B1 where a variant means that a closed curve is drawn using a special end of the pen and, thus, a deleting function is activated that deletes all data representing positions inside the curve. Another variant means that two diagonally arranged corner points of a rectangle are indicated by means of the ordinary writing end of the pen. All data representing positions within the rectangle that is made up by the corner points is thus marked.
The prior-art methods are relatively complicated and require the user to be very accurate when performing the marking and also to carry out the marking in a special manner.

Abstract: The invention also relates to a handheld device and a computer program for editing of data generated by handwriting.


System for measuring motor bearings consumption of railway vehicles, comprising:    a phonic wheel, arranged to be fixed to a shaft of a rotor, having a profile including an alternation of teeth and holes;    a sensor, arranged to measure a punctual air-gap between the teeth of the phonic wheel and said sensor during rotation of the shaft, said sensor generating a basic sinusoidal signal function of said profile, wherein the basic sinusoidal signal is superimposed to a modulating wave, representative of a radial motion of the shaft, the basic signal and the modulating wave forming a complete signal;    characterized in that the sensor further comprises:    a control unit arranged to measure a maximum and a minimum amplitude value of the complete signal, said maximum and minimum amplitude values representing the maximum and minimum air-gap between the phonic wheel and the sensor, and for calculating an air-gap swing value;    memory means arranged to store said air-gap swing value;    wherein said sensor is arranged to send to an external control unit said air-gap swing value when the shaft stops rotating.

Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) for traction motors of railway vehicles is a really demanding task and it is necessary to avoid failures of the overall service, which affects the customers' opinion on reliability of the railway provider, and also to save costs for unnecessary maintenance.
Dedicated sensors are usually integrated into a system of a railway vehicle for detecting and monitoring possible failures of motors.
With reference to these failures, bearings are the components which are more likely subject to damages. In order to perform an early detection of motor bearings failures, several techniques have been implemented, which are usually based on temperature sensors, accelerometers, microphones, etc. and which usually deal with mechanical measurements.
Document U.S. Pat. No. 4,835,467 A discloses a magneto resistive sensor monitoring the passing of teeth on a rotating wheel generating a DC biased speed signal.
The main disadvantage of these systems based on mechanical measurements of motor vibrations is that it is necessary to add new sensors and in case of their failure, the system could bring-out of service the monitored motors. Electrical measurements have also been employed, such as phase current analysis, but these techniques require a powerful electronic board to perform the analysis on time.

System and method for measuring motor bearings consumption of railway vehicles


An embodiment comprises: a lower surface; a first lens barrel comprising a first protrusion protruding from the lower surface; a first lens array comprising a plurality of first lenses disposed in the first lens barrel; a first holder comprising a first hole into which the first protrusion is inserted; a first adhesive member disposed between a lower surface of the first lens barrel around the first protrusion and an upper surface of the first holder around the first hole; and a first image sensor disposed under the first hole, wherein the first adhesive member comprises one end and the other end, which are disposed to encompass the first hole, and the one end and the other end of the first adhesive member are spaced apart from each other.

A mobile communication terminal, a computer, a laptop computer, a vehicle, or the like is equipped with a camera which is capable of displaying video information of the surroundings or performing photographing or the like. As the thickness of a mobile communication terminal is reduced and a computer or a laptop computer is miniaturized, a compact, lightweight, and high quality camera has come to be required.
In particular, a camera used for an automobile or a surveillance camera (CCTV) requires a wide-angle optical system for obtaining surrounding image information in a wide range, and it is required to design a bright optical system that may easily distinguish an object to be photographed even in a dark environment.

Camera module and optical apparatus comprising same


A backplane circuit board for connecting network signal lines, bus signal lines, and a number of circuit cards includes a first set of traces from a first network signal connector to connectors for the circuit cards, and a second set of traces from a bus signal connector to the connectors for the circuit cards. The first set of traces and the second set of traces are separated by a uniform distance to provide electrical isolation from one another. The traces are made up of signal-active lines surrounded by signal-neutral lines for further electrical isolation. As one other mechanism for signal isolation, the backplane provides signal-neutral lines on a separate layer from, and in superposition to, the signal-active lines.

This invention relates generally to electronic circuitry, and more specifically to a backplane printed circuit for routing digital and analog telephone signals among circuit cards connected to the backplane.
A number of conventional methods and systems are known for connecting telephone network lines to digital telephone exchange equipment. In one established technique, each network line is connected to a separate communication equipment printed circuit input card, and bus signal lines are connected from each such input card to processing circuitry. This method is advantageous in that each input card acts as a buffer to isolate one network line from another and from bus signal lines. However, each network line connection must be made directly to each card, and the network line cable must be detached from the input card in order to remove the input card for repair or replacement. In a typical exchange with a large number of network lines, such cable manipulation is awkward and confusing.
In a second conventional technique, all network line connections are grouped together within a single cable and are connected to a backplane via an input connection card or a connector directly on the backplane. This scheme permits easy removal and replacement of input cards, but typically results in undesired cross coupling of signals among network lines or between network lines and other signals in the telephone exchange equipment.
It would be desirable to provide a simple means of connection between network lines and digital exchange equipment in a manner that allows fast and easy replacement of input cards while providing good isolation of network lines.

Compact isolating backplane for routing electronic signals


A pneumatic tire pre-conditioning system includes a conveyor system, a belt assembly, a friction device and a drive system. The conveyor system includes a tire engaging surface, a first side, and a second side. The belt assembly is adjacent to the first side of the tire engaging surface. The friction device is adjacent to the second side of the tire engaging surface. The drive system is configured to move a tire along the tire engaging surface in a path between the belt assembly and the friction device.

It is well known in the industry that tires have inherent structural non-uniformities that if excessive, may cause objectionable vibrations in the vehicles onto which they are installed. There are dedicated industry standard machines that measure and quantify said tire non-uniformity. It has also been demonstrated that if mounted and dismounted carefully, a tire will often be more uniform following the mounting and dismounting process than it was prior to the process. It is believed that the uniformity improvement obtained in the process is brought about by the disruptions of micro adhesions within the tire which are formed during the tire manufacturing process.

Pneumatic tire pre-conditioning system and method


A clock enable buffer for entry of a self-refresh mode. The clock enable buffer includes a current mirror load connected between a voltage source and first and second nodes, wherein the current mirror load has first and second transistors; a third transistor connected between the first node and a third node, wherein the third transistor is turned on according to a reference voltage; a fourth transistor connected between the second node and the third node, for controlling the current mirror load in response to a clock enable signal; a fifth transistor connected between the third node and a ground, wherein the fifth transistor is turned on according to a self-refresh signal; and a sixth transistor that is turned on according to an inverted self-refresh signal to make the potential of the first node a Low level.

1. Technical Field
A clock enable buffer is disclosed which can reduce current consumption and malfunction due to noise, and which can be used in a stub-series terminated logic (hereinafter, referred to as 'SSTL') interface, while using a differential buffer.
2. Discussion of Related Art
JEDEC rules entry and exit at the time of a self-refresh mode of semiconductor memory devices such as DRAMs. In other words, according to the rules, the entry refers to what a clock enable signal (CKE) shifts from a High level to a Low level and the exit refers to what the clock enable signal (CKE) shifts from a Low level to a High level.
An important thing relating to such a self-refresh entry is to use a circuit that can consume only a minimum current, which may be used in DRAMs. An input buffer used at the time of the self-refresh entry includes a static buffer that consumes a small amount of current. The static buffer has a possibility that malfunction may take place due to its property sensitive to noise and rarely uses a SSTL interface. As a differential buffer consumes a
For the above reason, a clock enable buffer uses a static buffer as shown in FIG. 2 in a self-refresh mode, which consumes 1000 times less current than a differential buffer, while using a differential buffer as shown in FIG. 1 in a normal mode, which consumes a large amount of current. At the time of the self-refresh entry, a modified differential buffer as shown in FIG. 3 instead of the static buffer may be used, but it also consumes a great amount of current.
FIG. 1 is a detailed circuit diagram showing a differential buffer used in a normal mode in a related art.
Referring to FIG. 1, if a self-refresh signal (sref) is Low, the output of an inverter I1 becomes a High level and an NMOS transistor N3 is thus turned on. Therefore, if a clock enable signal (CKE) is High, i.e., the clock enable signal (CKE) is higher than a reference voltage (vref), an NMOS transistor N1 is turned on earlier than an NMOS transistor N2. Accordingly, the output (Vout1) becomes a Low level.
Meanwhile, if the clock enable signal (CKE) is lower than the reference voltage (vref), the NMOS transistor N2 is turned on earlier than the NMOS transistor N1. The output (Vout1) thus becomes a High level. As a result, PMOS transistors P1 and P2 functions as a load for supplying a static voltage.
FIG. 2 is a detailed circuit diagram of a static buffer that consumes 1000 times less current than the differential buffer as shown in FIG. 1.
If a self-refresh signal (sref) is High, an NMOS transistor N5 is turned on, while a PMOS transistor P4 is turned off. If a clock enable signal (CKE) is Low, a PMOS transistor P3 is turned on and an output (Vout2) thus becomes a High level.
Meanwhile, if the clock enable signal (CKE) is High, the PMOS transistor P3 is turned off and the output (Vout2) thus becomes a Low level.
A delay unit 10 is for allowing the static buffer to operate after a given delay time since the differential buffer is turned off upon entry of a self-refresh mode. That is, the delay unit 10 functions to prevent two buffers from operating at the same time.
In order to reduce malfunction due to noise and for a SSTL interface to be used, a differential buffer as shown in FIG. 3 may be used instead of the circuit as shown in FIG. 2, upon entry of the self-refresh mode.
The operation of such a differential buffer is same as that of the circuit shown in FIG. 1. A delay unit 20 is for allowing the static buffer to operate after a given delay time since the differential buffer is turned off upon entry of the self-refresh mode. That is, the delay unit 20 functions to prevent two buffers from operating at the same time.
A region (A) in FIG. 4 is a period where the clock enable signal (CKE) is High and the self-refresh mode is Low. During this period, the differential buffer is operated. A region (B) is a period where the clock enable signal (CKE) is Low and the self-refresh mode is High. During this period, the static buffer is operated.
As described above, if the static buffer is used as the clock enable buffer upon entry of the self-refresh mode, there are problems that a circuit is greatly affected by noise and does not use the SSTL interface. If the differential buffer is used, there is a disadvantage that a great amount of power is consumed.

Clock enable buffer for entry of self-refresh mode


A method may include generating, based on a representation of a hierarchy stored in a database, a visiting sequence data structure. The hierarchy may be stored in a table in the database. Each of a plurality of rows comprising the table may correspond to one of a plurality of nodes comprising the hierarchy. The visiting sequence data structure may include a row vector specifying an order for traversing the plurality of nodes in the hierarchy. A hierarchical window function may be executed by iterating through the plurality of rows in the table in accordance with the order specified by the row vector. The execution of the hierarchical window function may further include determining, for a first node in the hierarchy, a summary value corresponding to a first value of the first node and a second value of a second node descendent from the first node.

Hierarchical data may refer to data that has been organized into a tree-like structure. For example, hierarchical data may be associated with level-based hierarchies having fixed depths and/or parent-child hierarchies having variable depths. Although hierarchical data have numerous applications, the functionalities of a conventional database management system may not be optimized for processing hierarchical data. For instance, a structured query language (SQL) SELECT query, which is commonly used to retrieve rows of data from one or more tables in a relational database, may not be suitable for operating on a parent-child hierarchy stored in a self-referencing table because the number of times the self-referencing table must be joined to execute the SQL SELECT query may be indeterminate. Meanwhile, the functionalities that are available for operating on the parent-child hierarchy (e.g., recursive common table expressions, stored procedures, SQL GROUP BY ROLLUP queries, and/or the like) tend to be inflexible and/or slow.


The direct contact liquid air contaminant control system and method to revitalize air by removal of carbon dioxide and other trace gas contaminants use a direct contact air, liquid scrubber element and stripper element. The scrubber element has two rotor elements rotatably mounted in a housing first for centrifugal separation of an air flow and liquid absorbent mixture which liquid absorbent has absorbed carbon dioxide and trace gas contaminants. Then second for centrifugal separation of an air flow and acid water wash mixture which acid water wash has liquid absorbent and other contaminants. The processed air is then passed through a charcoal bed filter for further removal of contaminants. A rotary contact processor may also be used to reprocess contaminated liquid absorbent for reuse.

This invention relates to an air environment control system that revitalizes air and more specifically to the apparatus that removes carbon dioxide and other trace gas contaminates as well as dehumidifies cabin air of aircraft and spacecraft. The new contaminant control system uses rotary fluid contact machines to scrub cabin air and to reprocess liquid absorbent and water for reuse while extracting carbon dioxide and other contaminants.
Liquid amine (methanol amine water solutions) based carbon dioxide and trace gas contaminant removal apparatus and processes for regeneration of air have been used in nuclear submarines for over forty years. Such systems are used to remove carbon dioxide for the breathing air and depend on gravity to process the liquid carbon amine or other liquids and air mixture.
An example of a combustion gas carbon dioxide process and apparatus is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,318,758. This type of gas process involves towers and other structures that depend on gravity, blowers and pumps to process the gas. Such systems are not simple or compact and do not work in reduced gravity environments such as on aircraft and spacecraft.
The use of alternative absorbent solutions has been disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,285,918 and 3,632,519. These patents teach that water solutions of 3-amino-1,2 propanediol and ω-aminomethyl alkyl sulfone have improved performance for carbon dioxide removal in closed environments such as submarines. They address only the removal of carbon dioxide whereas there are a number of other contaminants that must be removed in these closed environments.
Centrifugal liquid and gas processors have been explored as described in the article "The Centrifugal Mass Exchange Apparatus in Air-Conditioning System of Isolated, Inhabited Object and Its Work Control", by P. A. Barabash, et al, in Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on Space Environmental and Control Systems, Oct. 21-24, 1991. The article postulates use of a centrifugal apparatus to work with an air-conditioning system in a closed habitat system such as an orbital space station. A single stage system is proposed that keeps air temperature and humidity parameters within limits. The single stage rotor does not anticipate a more staged air process system using contaminant absorbent fluids and acid wash to provide carbon dioxide and other contaminant removal from a cabin air environment.
As can be seen, there is a need for a simple, compact air regeneration system and method for use in aircraft and spacecraft.

Direct contact liquid air contaminant control system


Circuit fabrication uses a multilevel mask to pattern a first conductor layer of a multilayer circuit. The first conductor patterning is to provide electrical isolation between the first conductor layer and a second conductor layer that one of overlies the multilevel mask and underlies the multilevel mask. With the second conductor layer overlying the multilevel mask, the electrical isolation is provided by undercutting the multilevel mask. Alternatively, with the second conductor underlying the multilevel mask, the first conductor includes a bridged gapped conductor and the electrical isolation may be provided by both the bridged gapped conductor and an insulating layer between the second conductor layer and the first conductor layer.

Multilayer integrated circuits are increasingly important in the production and economic viability of a wide variety of electronic devices. For example, multilayer circuits such as, but not limited to, active matrix backplanes and projective capacitive touch sensors employ crossovers or crossover bridges to connect one portion of a circuit (e.g., a first capacitive electrode) to another portion of the multilayer circuit (e.g., a second capacitive electrode) while providing electrical isolation with respect to other portions of the multilayer circuit. The crossovers are often provided by a separate layer that is separated from an underlying portion of the multilayer circuit by an insulator. In various examples, the insulator may be air or an insulating (e.g., dielectric) material.
Certain examples have other features that are one of in addition to and in lieu of the features illustrated in the above-referenced figures. These and other features are detailed below with reference to the above-referenced figures.

Multilevel mask circuit fabrication and multilayer circuit


An apparatus for a High Power Amplifier (HPA) in a wireless communication system is provided. In one example, the apparatus includes a temperature sensor for determining temperature, a controller for receiving the determined temperature and for controlling a gate bias voltage corresponding to the determined temperature and an amplifier for amplifying a Radio Frequency (RF) signal by using the controlled gate bias voltage.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for a High Power Amplifier (HPA) in a wireless communication system. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus for an HPA which obtains optimal performance by controlling a gate bias input to a drive amplifier and a main amplifier according to temperature.
2. Description of the Related Art
A High Power Amplifier (HPA) used in a conventional wireless communication system includes a drive amplifier (hereinafter "amplifier" will also be referred to as "amp" for short) 111 and a main amp 113 as shown in FIG. 1. As also shown in FIG. 1, gate biases 101 and 103 and drain biases 105 and 107 are respectively applied to the drive amp 111 and the main amp 113 so as to amplify the voltage or power of an input signal. In the conventional system, the gate biases 101 and 103, as well as the drain biases 105 and 107, are fixed. In general, the fixed gate biases have values that are obtained by performing an aging operation at a room temperature (e.g. between 15 and 25° C.) during development of the HPA. In other words, during the design and development process of the HPA, the gate biases which provide optimal performance such that there is no gain variation during the process of performing the aging operation at room temperature are determined and set as the fixed gate biases.
However, according to a surrounding environment, the HPA may operate in a low temperature condition or in a high temperature condition. Furthermore, there is a standard in which the HPA must be able to perform a normal operation at a temperature between −40 and 52° C. in both indoor and outdoor environments.
Since the gate bias values of the conventional HPA are obtained by performing the aging operation at room temperature, optimal performance can be achieved only when the HPA operates at room temperature. Thus, the optimal performance cannot be achieved in other conditions, such as a low or high temperature condition. That is, when the conventional HPA operates at a low or high temperature condition, the optimal performance cannot be achieved due to the fixed gate bias. As a result, an Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) and a constellation error become worse, which leads to deterioration in overall system performance.

Apparatus for high power amplifier in wireless communication system


A semiconductor device manufacturing method includes: forming a conductive film over a substrate; forming an assist pattern on the conductive film; forming a metal film to cover the conductive film and the assist pattern; etching back the metal film to form at least one side wall film on a side surface of the assist pattern; removing the assist pattern; forming at least one resist pattern to selectively expose a portion of the conductive film and a portion of the side wall film; performing etching using the resist pattern as a mask to remove the exposed portion of the side wall film; and etching the conductive film using the side wall film as a mask to form a gate electrode and a contact region electrically connected to the gate electrode.

A reduction in size of semiconductor devices has been demanded. In recent years, a fine pitch pattern which cannot be achieved by a wavelength of an exposure light source used for a semiconductor device manufacturing process has been demanded. With such a state, in order to form a fine pattern, a manufacturing process having a desired design is constructed using a method such as double patterning.
In double patterning using multiple exposure, it is necessary to strictly control an overlapping exposure of second patterning on first patterning. Therefore, when a desired large scale integration (LSI) circuit pattern cannot be suitably divided, a double patterning method called a spacer method is used.
Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2007-150166

Semiconductor device manufacturing method and design support apparatus


An image processing apparatus for expanding the frequency band of enhancement to increase the effect of improvement of the image quality and realizing enhancement in two dimensions for an image signal by a simple circuit configuration, provided with a vertical high-pass filter, a vertical low-pass filter, a horizontal high-pass filter, and a horizontal low-pass filter as enhancers which extract high frequency components and low frequency components in vertical and horizontal directions, respectively and switches for appropriately selecting a signal of predetermined frequency components in the vertical and horizontal directions to enhance a signal of a predetermined frequency band. Accordingly, two-dimensional filtering is able to be achieved using one-dimensional filters in the vertical and horizontal directions and the enhancement effect can be improved by appropriately selecting the enhancement mode in accordance with the characteristic of the image signal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus using an enhancer for enhancing predetermined frequency components of an image signal, particularly high frequency components, to improve the quality of the image.
2. Description of the Related Art
In a display for displaying an image in accordance with an input image signal, so-called "enhancement" for enhancing the high frequency components of the image signal (hereinafter referred to as the "high band components") is effective for improving the sharpness of the image. A circuit that enhances the high band components of a signal in this way is generally referred to as an "enhancer". In a display or another image display device, enhancement of the image signal before display improves the sharpness of the image and enables realization of a crisp image quality.
Ordinarily an enhancer is realized by a high-pass filter. By extracting high band components of the image signal with a high-pass filter and by adding the extracted high band components to the original image signal, an image signal enhanced in high band components is obtained.
FIG. 13 shows an example of the configuration of a generally used enhancer. As illustrated, the enhancer is constituted by a high-pass filter 10, a nonlinear processing circuit 20, an adder circuit 30, and a limiter 40. The high-pass filter 10 is constituted by delay circuits 11 and 12 and an adder circuit 13.
In the high-pass filter 10, the delay circuits 11 and 12 delay the input signal Sin by one or two sampling periods (Ts or 2Ts) and output the delayed signals. The adder circuit 13, which has three input terminals (taps) T1, T2, and T3, adds the input signals from the taps weighted by predetermined coefficients. By controlling the coefficients of the adder circuit 13, it is possible to control the type and characteristic of the filter.
Here, if the input signal Sin is expressed as a function of time s(t), the input signals of the taps T1, T2, and T3 can be expressed as s(t), s(t−ΔT), and s(t−2ΔT), respectively. Note that here, ΔT=Ts or ΔT=2Ts. If the coefficients of the adder circuit 13 are w1, w2, and w3, the output signal so(t) of the adder circuit 13 will be given as follows:so(t)=w1s(t)+w2s(t−ΔT)+w3s(t−2ΔT)  (1)
The nonlinear processing circuit 20 performs nonlinear processing on the output signal so(t) of the adder circuit 13, then outputs the result of processing to the adder circuit 30.
The adder circuit 30 adds the output signal S2 of the delay circuit 11 and the output signal of the nonlinear processing circuit 20, then output the result of addition to the limiter 40.
The limiter 40 limits the amplitude level of the input signal to below a predetermined threshold value.
By appropriately setting the coefficients w1, w2, and w3 of the adder circuit 13, high-pass filtering of the input signal s(t) can be achieved. Therefore, the circuit shown in FIG. 13 operates as an enhancer.
An example of the coefficients for realizing the characteristic of the high-pass filter is, for example, −¼, ½, −¼. That is, in the adder circuit 13, the coefficients provided to the taps are as shown in FIG. 14. The characteristic of the high-pass filter obtained by these coefficients is shown in FIG. 15.
Further, when the delay time of the delay circuits 11 and 12 is 2Ts, the coefficients in the case of one sampling correspond to −¼, 0, ½, 0, −¼. The characteristic of the high-pass filter obtained by these coefficients is shown in FIG. 16.
Note that in FIGS. 15 and 16, the abscissa represents the frequency, while the ordinate represents the gain of the filter. On the abscissa, the frequency is plotted in units of the sampling frequency fs. As illustrated, the maximum frequency is 0.5 fs, that is, the maximum frequency determined by the sampling theorem.
By using a high-pass filter having the frequency characteristic shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, an enhancer that enhances the high band components of the input signal Sin can be realized.
However, in the enhancers of the above related art, the frequency band being enhanced is only part of the effective frequency band of the input signal.
FIG. 17 is a graph showing the frequency components of for example a high definition signal HD having a high resolution. Since the sampling frequency fs of the HD signal is 74.25 MHz, as shown in FIG. 17, frequency components ranging up to 37.125 MHz are able to be plotted. However, the HD signal itself has almost no frequency components higher than 30 MHz, so the enhancement effect of the enhancer using the filter coefficients −¼, ½, −¼ is limited.
On the other hand, when using the filter coefficients −¼, 0, ½, 0, −¼, the frequency components in the intermediate frequency band are enhanced, while the enhancement effect for the high band components, for example, the frequency components close to 30 MHz, is poor. Furthermore, when using the coefficients described above, there is a drawback that ringing at the edge occurs in the signal passed through the high-pass filter.
FIGS. 18 and 19 show sampling values of the input signal, the filter coefficients, and the output signal of the enhancer. FIG. 18 shows a case of using −¼, ½, −¼ as the filter coefficients, while FIG. 19 shows a case of using −¼, 0, ½, 0, −¼ as the filter coefficients.
As illustrated, ringing occurs in the output signal in the case of using −¼, 0, ½, 0, −¼ as the filter coefficients.


The invention relates to novel transparent glasses, vitroceramics, and transparent or translucent ceramics containing, in relation to the total composition of the glass, vitroceramic, or ceramic, at least 60 wt % of a composition having the following formula (I): (M1O)x(M2O)y(M3)2O3)z(Al2O3)100−x−y−z (I), where M1 is an element selected from among Ba and/or Sr, M2 is an element selected from among Mg or Ca, x and y are numbers such that 30≦x+y≦80, y is between 0% and 10% of x, M3 is an element selected from among B, Ga, or In, and z is a number between 0% and 10% of (100−x−y). The invention also relates to the method for manufacturing said compositions and to the uses of said compositions in the field of optics.

Due to their crystalline character, ceramics and glassceramics exhibit optical properties which make them particularly interesting relative to the corresponding glasses. In addition, applications in optics require the use of transparent or at least translucid ceramics, a prerequisite feature for good optical properties. The relevant wavelengths are those of the visible light spectrum, that is, between 400 nm and 800 nm.
However, if it is easy to produce transparent glasses, producing transparent or at least completely translucid (ceramics) or partially (glassceramics) crystallised materials is much more difficult.
Compositions of transparent or translucid crystallised materials have been described in the prior art, however they correspond essentially either to monocrystals or to nanocrystallised ceramics.
Manufacturing processes of monocrystals, often based on the Czochralski method, require manufacturing times ranging from several days to several weeks and operating temperatures greater than 1500° C. for usually used oxides. The resulting crystals have a size of the order of a few centimetres.
Manufacturing processes for nanocrystallised ceramics generally make use of nanometric particles, costly to make from precursors. The particles undergo a pressing step, then a sintering step at a temperature often greater than 1500° C. During this sintering step growth of the crystals occurs. Mastering this step is particularly critical, since it is in general necessary to conserve crystals of nanometric size, usually less than 100 nm (less than the lower limit of the visible wavelength), to retain transparency. If the crystalline growth is too important, opaque ceramics are obtained.
These monocrystals and nanocrystallised ceramics, highly adapted for high performance applications such as LASER applications, have a manufacturing cost far too high for commoner applications, for example for display, lighting or medical imaging.
There is therefore a need for novel ceramics and transparent or translucid glassceramics which combine good optical characteristics, such as luminescence for example, with a relatively inexpensive manufacturing process such as a glassmaking process followed by annealing of the glass.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,635,739 describes transparent or translucid glassceramics composed of 4 to 15% by weight of BaO, 35 to 45% by weight of CaO and 35 to 45% by weight of Al2O3, obtained by annealing a glass having the composition indicated earlier, comprising also from 5 to 15% by weight of oxide acting as nucleation catalyst, such as ZrO2 and/or V2O3 and/or of Ta2O3. These glassceramics are crystallised at more than 50% by weight, and generally more than 75% by weight.
It should be noted that the composition of these ceramics is such that the stoxhiometry in CaO is at least 2 times greater than the stcechiometry in BaO.
Contrary to U.S. Pat. No. 3,635,739 which presents glassceramics based on calcium aluminates, the applicant surprisingly found novel compositions based on barium and/or strontium alurninate, with a CaO content much less than that of barium/strontium, or even zero, for making transparent or translucid ceramics and glassceramics having crystals of micrometric size. It would seem in fact that ceramics and glassceramics according to the invention have isotropic optical characteristics, and/or that the difference in refraction index between the crystals and the vitreous phase is sufficiently low for the material to have good transparency properties.
The ceramics and glassceramics according to the invention can be easily obtained by means of an inexpensive glassmaking process, involving an annealing step of a glass of corresponding composition based on barium and/or strontium aluminate.

Transparent aluminate glasses, vitroceramics, and ceramics

CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTFIIQUE (CNRS)


Methods and system for enhancing user experience when rendering digital media content. Defining a visible region of the window in which a media player user interface (UI) is presented to clip undesirable portions of the window provides an improved media player UI. Further aspects are directed to enhancing user experience when rendering digital media content in full screen presentation mode.

Due to recent advances in technology, computer users are now able to enjoy many features that provide an improved user experience, such as playing various media and multimedia content on their personal or laptop computers. For example, most computers today run media player applications able to play compact discs (CDs). This allows users to listen to their favorite musical artists while working on their computers. Many computers are also equipped with digital versatile disc (DVD) drives enabling users to watch movies.
A typical media player application provides a user interface (UI) that allows the user to interact with the application. In general, user interfaces provide controls or buttons that the user engages to cause a predetermined result. A software application such as a media player may have several buttons that permit the user to play, pause, fast-forward, reverse, and control the volume of a particular piece of media being rendered by the player. In the past, UIs have been generally fixed insofar as their layout and functionality are concerned. One primary reason for this stems from the desire to impart standardization to various UIs. Yet, against the backdrop of standardized UIs, there is a desire to impart UIs with a more user friendly, aesthetically pleasing look and improved functionality.
One known technique for changing the look of a media player UI involves providing a "skin" that serves as the visual portion of the UI, that is, the portion that the user sees when they interact with an application.
As users become more familiar with advanced features on their computers, such as those mentioned above, their expectations for various additional innovative features will undoubtedly continue to grow. For example, consider a media player software application that enables a user to play a CD on his or her computer. Typical applications allow the user to display track information associated with the CD by clicking on the appropriate UI. Such track information usually includes track numbers, song titles, playing times, and the like. Notwithstanding these advances, the user will continue to desire further advancements in delivering content-related information to improve the experience.
Accordingly, this invention arose out of concerns for providing improved systems and methods for processing media content that provide an improved, rich, and robust user experience.


Described is a technology (e.g., in Windows® Presentation Foundation) by which user interface elements are reconfigured into a new configuration, with at least some of the elements transitioned from between configurations in an animated manner. To animate, elements have interim data computed therefor between the first configuration and the new configuration over a series of frames. As frames are rendered, the interim layout data provides an animation effect, which may be movement via interim coordinates, resizing via interim size data, and fading in or out via interim opacity data. The layout system may defer computationally expensive layout operations until the elements are in the second configuration. If an element's size is not at least a minimum, that element's visualization may be changed. If an element's content does not fit, a priority among pieces of the content may determine which piece or pieces will be shown.

When designing a user interface for graphical applications, a problem is that the same user interface elements may be displayed in a variety of configurations. For example, a drawing area such as a page or the like in which the user interface elements appear may be resized, whereby the elements need to be redrawn in the new size. A layout may change orientation from vertically stacked elements to a horizontal arrangement, or vice versa, for example, requiring a redrawing operation. Further, an element may add, delete or rearrange the information that it needs to display, requiring a redrawing operation. A designer needs to consider these many various configurations.
To provide a pleasant user experience to a user viewing the arranged elements, designers may want to have some appealing transition effect between the previous and new configurations. For example, instead of simply lurching from one configuration to another when a user resizes the element drawing area, or when an item is added or removed from an element, transitioning in an animated fashion may be desired. However, to resize certain elements such as text elements requires-computationally expensive layout operations. If a fair number of these operations need to take place during an animation operation, the animation smoothness suffers, which does not provide an appealing user experience.


The digital file management and imaging system and method of the present invention record additional independent data with each stored image including: a “true date” which is gleaned from a secure clock which is not settable by the user (the Authentidate™); a number derived from a cyclic redundancy code (CRC) algorithm against the image data; this number is called the “image CRC”; and a CRC derived from the “true date”, called the “date CRC”. This additional data is recorded within each digital file as soon as possible after the file is acquired. If the file is altered in any way after the recording of the additional data, recalculation of the image CRC on the altered file will not match the original image CRC recorded within it. Thus, the fact that it has been altered can be detected. Likewise, if the true date is altered in any way, recalculation of the date CRC will similarly reveal this fact. The image and date CRCs can be checked and verified at any time. If the recalculated value matches the recorded value, it can be stated that the image presently recorded was recorded on the specified date and has not been altered in any way since then.

Digital imaging is the representation, and storage, of an image or object as a digital raster image. Digital imaging is increasingly used in many industries, partly because of the increased availability of enabling technology and partly due to the many advantages offered over conventional storage methods including: reduced storage space, increased access speed, focused retrievability (e.g., search capabilities), the ability to conveniently make "multiple" and "backup" copies of documents, and the ability to transfer or transmit documents quickly.
In the case of paper document originals, digital imaging systems will typically scan the paper document and store a representation of the scanned document as a digital raster image. An optical scanning device is typically used to scan images of the paper originals for storing as a digital image. The scanned images are exact representations of the original (limited only by the resolution limit of the scanning device), and can include handwriting, signatures, photos, figures, etc. Alternatively, digital images originating from digital cameras, medical imaging devices, or other sources may also be stored in a digital imaging system.
One drawback of known imaging technology is the inherent ability of digital images to be altered, for example, with a purpose to defraud. For example, although an original paper document can be tampered with, such tampering (erasure or additions) will typically leave telltale evidence, digital images of those documents, on the other hand, can be perfectly altered leaving no such evidence. Thus, where the authenticity of an image is critical and may come into question (e.g., legal and medical fields), use of digital images is often not preferred, not acceptable or not admissible and therefore often avoided.
While many different digital image formats are available, in each case, the data is potentially alterable. Even if the digital imaging system does not explicitly provide an editing function, the images can be edited with a third party tool.
A proposed solution is the use of Write-Once, Read-Many ("WORM") optical media to store digital images. One advantage of WORM media storage is that the data it houses is inherently unalterable data can be written only one time to the medium. However, this approach has several disadvantages as well. For example, data recorded on WORM media can be copied from the WORM disk of original recording to re-writable media, altered, and then recorded on new WORM disk with no traceability of such events.
Additionally, although it can be stated with great confidence that data on any one particular WORM disk has not been altered since it was recorded on that disk, the date and time when the data was recorded or whether the data matches an "original" of any kind cannot be determined with any certain or definitive means.
A known advance in file verification technology provides for registration of an "electronic signature" of a digital file (image, word processor document, audio or video clip, etc.). It is known to allow a user to locally select a file and locally run a program provided by a service provider to create an "electronic signature" of the selected digital file based solely on file content. The signature along with a user-provided file name and user-selected keywords are uploaded to He provider's site and stored in a registration database maintained by the service provider under an account established for the particular user. One particular provider generates a "certificate of registration" showing, inter alia, the signature.
Verification of content and submittal date of the digital file at a later time requires going on-line to access the service provider's site and retrieving the prior registration record by file name or keywords. The retrieved database record shows the file signature and the original date that the file signature was registered. To complete verification, the user must run (locally again) the electronic signature program on the file to be verified and compare the regenerated signature to the retrieved registered signature to determine whether the signature of the digital file in question matches that of the originally registered file.
What the user now has is verification that the signature of the file in hand matches the signature of a file which was registered on a particular date.

Digital file management and imaging system and method including secure file marking


The present variety of mushroom plant named ‘marmo shiro-2’ was cultivated by the gathering and repeated breeding of Bunashimeji mushrooms having dominant traits, which has good qualitative characteristics and appearance, less adhesion of the stem, excellent keeping qualities and storage life, and improved after-storage taste. This edible mushroom is exquisite in stability, reproducibility and uniformity when being produced.

This invention relates to a new and distinct variety of mushroom plant of Bunashimeji mushroom, Hypsizygus marmoreus (Peck) Bigelow. This new variety named 'marmo shiro-2' cultivated by repeated breeding of Bunashimeji mushrooms having dominant traits, which has less adhesion of stem, excellent keeping quality and improved after-storage taste and ensure presentable stability, reproducibility and uniformity.
Bunashimeji (Hypsizygus marmoreus) now boasts of being the second most consumed edible mushroom after enokitake mushroom. Ever since bunashimeji was cultivated and began to be sold in large quantities in the market, its characteristic bitter taste had been a matter of concern. Consequently, 'Hokuto-8 strain', whose bitterness has been reduced to an imperceptible level, was developed to develop a tasty Bunashimeji mushroom. Investigation on tasty bunashimeji was continued even after the development of 'Hokuto-8', and a variety with better taste, quality and keeping quality named 'Hokuto-18 strain' was developed, which contributed to increase in consumption. However, most of the naturally growing mushrooms that are popular in Japan from the olden days are collected at the beginning of autumn, due to which one generally forms an image of autumn and winter when the word mushroom is heard. We started working on the development of a new variety of mushroom that can be used with bright-colored vegetables of summer in salad and other recipes since we can stably supply them throughout the year by growing under protected conditions. As a result, the 'Hokuto shiro-1 strain' mushroom that has refreshing whiteness and jellylike food texture was developed and patented in US (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 16,294 P3).
In order to further improve the stability of cultivation and quality of mushrooms, selective breeding was repeatedly carried out by cross-breeding. As a result, the 'marmo shiro-2 strain' that has the whiteness and food-texture of 'Hokuto shiro-1', as well as the quality and keeping quality of 'Hokuto-18' was developed. Subsequently, the stability, reproducibility and uniformity of the variety were verified, and cultivation was completed.

Bunashimeji mushroom plant named ‘marmo shiro-2’


Systems, apparatus and methods are disclosed for coupling an averaging picot tube (APT) primary element to a process pipe. A mounting assembly mounts the APT primary element to the process pipe such that a length of the APT primary element extending into the process pipe is adjustable to accommodate different sized process pipe diameters. The mounting assembly includes a weld coupling coupled to the process pipe over an opening in the process pipe and having the APT primary element extending therethrough into the process pipe. An extension pipe nipple is connected to the weld coupling and has the APT primary element extending therethrough such that a transition between a neck section and a sensor section of the APT primary element is positioned inside the extension pipe nipple. A union component, a ferrule, and a cap keep the APT primary element in the mounted position and form a process seal.

The present disclosure relates to industrial process control or monitoring systems. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to process variable transmitters of the type which use averaging pitot tube (APT) probes to measure a process variable of an industrial process.
In industrial settings, control systems are used to monitor and control inventories of industrial and chemical processes, and the like. Typically, the control system that performs these functions uses field devices distributed at key locations in the industrial process and coupled to control circuitry in the control room by a process control loop. The term "field device" refers to any device that performs a function in a distributed control or process monitoring system, including all devices used in the measurement, control and monitoring of industrial processes.
Some field devices include a transducer which couples to the process fluid. A transducer is understood to mean either a device that generates an output signal based on a physical input or that generates a physical output based on an input signal. Typically, a transducer transforms an input into an output having a different form. Types of transducers include various analytical equipment, pressure sensors, thermistors, actuators, solenoids, indicator lights, and others.
Field devices, such as process variable sensors used in industrial processes can be installed in the field on pipelines, tanks and other industrial process equipment. Such devices sense process variables such as process fluid flow, process fluid temperature, process fluid pressure, process fluid conductivity, process fluid pH and other process variables. Other types of industrial process field devices include valves, actuators, field controllers, data displays and communication equipment such as industrial field network bridges.
One type of process variable sensor is a flow meter that can measure a rate of fluid flow, for example. One type of flow meter, which employs an averaging pitot tube (APT) primary element, is a popular device for flow measurement because of its ability to be inserted into and retracted from a flow line, its low pressure loss, and reliable performance. The APT primary element senses and averages pressures from multiple locations across a pipeline through which a process fluid is traveling. This average pressure is then used in conjunction with flow theory and experimentally determined quantities to provide a flow measurement for the fluid. One type of APT primary element is the Annubar® APT available from Emerson Process Management. For at least Annubar® type APT primary elements, it is required that the APT primary element span the process pipeline such that multiple samples across a section of the pipeline can be averaged to account for variations in flow across the section.
Because of different customer needs, installation requirements, etc., manufacturers of APT primary elements often have to customize the APT primary elements for their customers. The custom nature of some APT primary element manufacturing results in increased costs. Many APT primary elements are built to order using customer supplied pipe internal diameter and wall thickness dimensions. These dimensions are used to determine the optimal hole and slot pattern on the upstream and downstream faces of the APT primary element. Custom manufacturing provides products which deliver high accuracy measurement but also extends the lead time for APT primary elements on both the order entry and delivery ends of the supply chain.
For some customized APT primary elements, product manufacturing only begins once unit-specific information is received and communicated through the value chain. Customers may struggle to obtain the internal pipe wall thickness and diameter dimensions needed for primary element manufacturing when specifying a flow measurement device because they do not cut a hole in the pipe until it is time to install the flow measurement device. This leads to the common practice of the customer supplying nominal pipe size and dimensions at the time of order entry. Nominal dimensions are typically defined in industry standards, for example in the ASME B36 standards, and possess a degree of uncertainty. Since the customers cannot provide measured values, additional uncertainty, up to several percent in small line sizes, can be introduced to the flow measurement.
The discussion above is merely provided for general background information and is not intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.


Sensitivity and resolution of an automated inspection system are improved and data processing loads for defect detection are reduced, increasing inspection speed, by fully illuminating an area corresponding to a nominal feature shape formed on a surface. Scanning of the illuminated area thus provides resolution of defects far smaller than the area of the illuminated spot. A preferred application of this automated inspection system is for the high speed screening of lamina or substrates having a pattern of through-holes formed therein, particularly for the formation of via connections therein. Screening for insufficient clear area of through-holes is done simply by applying a threshold to the output representing the amount of illumination transmitted and preferably reflected through the through-hole.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to optical monitoring of manufacturing processes and, more particularly, to the optical inspection of apertures in a substrate or lamina.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In order to obtain good quality during the course of a manufacturing process, it is a generally accepted practice to inspect the results of most, if not all, operations. Such inspections are particularly necessary where automated equipment is used to perform the process. If an operation is carried out improperly, causing defects in the workpiece which cannot be remedied, further operations on the defective workpiece can be avoided. If the defect can be remedied, appropriate action can be taken at the most advantageous point during the further manufacturing operations.
Such inspections are particularly necessary where automated equipment is used to perform the process. Inspection of the workpiece after an operation is carried out can also reveal much important information concerning the operating condition of the automated apparatus such as wear, alignment and other adjustments.
Recent designs of electronic components are generally characterized by the small feature size of patterns which may form or interconnect many different elements of the electronic component although many features of the pattern may be formed during a single manufacturing operation. Due to the large numbers of features which may result from a single manufacturing operation, automated inspection systems have been developed to reduce inspection times. Exemplary automated inspection systems are discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,040,745 to J. G. Belleson and 4,464,050 to K. Kato et al. Other exemplary arrangements are disclosed by L. P. Hayes in "Scanner for Opaque Samples", IBM Tech. Discl. Bull. Volume 16, No. 7, (February, 1972), and "Laser Scan System for Surface Inspection", IBM Tech. Discl. Bull. Vol. 30, No. 11 (April, 1988).
Virtually all such inspection systems relying on reflection of radiation from a surface share the common features of a source of radiation, a means for focussing that radiation on an inspection spot and a detector for radiation transmitted through or reflected by the sample. Such systems may include other optical elements such as filters to improve the signal to noise ratio of the observation or elements such as mirrors or beam splitters to provide scanning or to improve the measurement geometry of the system.
However, it is well-accepted that the resolution of such systems is limited by the size of the focussed spot of radiation. That is, a defect which is smaller than the area of the focussed spot will cause only a small difference in reflection or transmission and may not be detected. U.S. Pat. No. 4,999,510 to F. Hayano et al varies the beam size to discriminate foreign particles of different sizes. Further, in manufacturing processes where features are formed on a surface, such as through-holes, generally referred to as vias (particularly when filled with a conductive material), in an insulating lamina or substrate, an improperly formed or missing feature may have similar reflectance to the surrounding surface. It is also likely that the size of a defect in a feature will be smaller than the feature itself. Therefore, expensive and complex optical systems have been employed to reduce the size of the illuminated radiation spot in order to improve resolution of optical inspection systems.
Increases in resolution of the inspection systems present additional problems since it results in additional data to be processed. The data processing for feature extraction is computationally intensive and the finer segmentation of the image in accordance with finer resolution increases the data to be processed by the square of the increase in linear resolution (e.g. lines per mm.). Therefore, as the trend in electronic circuit modules has increased and minimum feature size has decreased, dictating finer resolution from automated inspection systems, the computational loads required for analysis of the inspection data has limited throughput of the manufacturing processes as well as greatly increased the expense of the inspection systems. The limitation of the manufacturing processes also increases the cost of the components manufactured.

Optical technique for rapid inspection of via underetch and contamination


A remote operation system includes a user terminal 10 that includes a server function unit for operating an internal function of the terminal according to remote operation, a support terminal 20 that remotely operates the user terminal 10, and a relay server 30 that includes an access management unit for holding an access timing to start remote operation of the user terminal 10 by the support terminal 20 and executes access to the user terminal 10 at the access timing. When being accessed by the relay server 30, the user terminal 10 starts up the server function unit to notify the support terminal 20 that the server function unit has been started up. When being notified that the server function unit has been started up, the support terminal 20 starts up a remote operation application to execute remote operation of the user terminal 10.

There is a need for a manager of a company to separately operate or manage a mobile telephone for business use (remotely operated terminal) carried by an employee using a remote operation terminal for business purposes even when the employee is outside the company (e.g., when the employee is away on business). For example, as one business purpose, the manager may need to check the movement history for the past few days of the user who carries the mobile telephone for business use. In such a case, the manager is able to check the movement history of the user by allowing the manager to access the record of information measured by a global positioning system (GPS) in the mobile telephone for business use from the remote operation terminal.
As another business purpose, it may be required to read out and view photographs taken at a customer's office from the mobile telephone for business use. As another business purpose, it may be required to set the schedule of the employee on the following day in a scheduler of the remotely operated terminal from the remote operation terminal. One possible example in such a case is writing information of a customer that the employee plans to visit or the like into a database application of the remotely operated terminal from the remote operation terminal.
In order to execute the aforementioned operations, one possible method is to install an information server in the remotely operated terminal, and upon receiving a request from a relay server that intermediates communication with the remote operation terminal according to a predetermined protocol, the remotely operated terminal transmits positional information or photographic data based on processing by the information server or writes data received by the relay server into the mobile telephone. For example, remote operation may be achieved using a typical Web technology in which, when the remotely operated terminal receives a hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP) request including a uniform resource locator (URL) and a port number from outside the terminal, a Web server (information server) executes internal processing in the terminal to send a predetermined response to the HTTP request.
Patent literature 1 discloses a method of starting up an application using a short message (SMS) of a mobile telephone system. A mobile telephone is able to access an external server by selecting a URL transmitted using the SMS. It is also possible to start up a server in the mobile telephone by setting an internal server to the URL transmitted using the SMS.
Furthermore, Patent literature 2 discloses a method of adjusting delivery time from an SMS delivery server to an SMS receiving terminal when a terminal which receives SMS information (hereinafter referred to as an SMS receiving terminal) cannot receive an SMS depending on the states of the SMS receiving terminal (e.g., outside the service area, exhaustion of battery, operational conflicts). More specifically, the delivery time is adjusted by notifying the SMS delivery server of delivery time from the SMS receiving terminal.

Remote operation system, user terminal, and remote operation method


A power operated seat device comprises: a pair of lower rails for fixing to a floor of a vehicle, a pair of upper rails for mounting a seat cushion of the vehicle mounted slidably on the lower rails respectively, each of the upper rails having an upstanding flange portion with a notch, a pair of brackets each of which is mounted detachably to the side of the corresponding flange portion so as to cover the notch, a rotational rod rotatably supported at both ends thereof to the corresponding bracket, a power source for rotating the rotational rod, and an adjusting the height mechanism provided between one of the upper rails and the seat cushion, and which is connected to the rotational rod and adjusts the height of a portion of the seat cushion by rotating of the rod.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a power operated seat device for use in a vehicle.
2. Description of the Related Art
A conventional power operated seat device is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model laid open Print No. 1(1989)-145833. The power operated seat device disclosed in the prior art comprises a pair of lower rails for fixing to a floor of a vehicle and a pair of upper rails for fixing to a seat cushion of the vehicle and mounted slidably on the lower rails. The power operated seat device includes a pair of brackets which are mouted on the upper rails by welding respectively and includes a pair of rotational rods each of which is rotatably supported at both ends thereof to the corresponding bracket.
The each bracket is formed integrally with the corresponding upper rail. Therefore in case of connecting the rotational rods to the brackets after mounting the upper rails on the lower rails, because the upper rails should be spread each other, the lower rails should be removed from a jig on which the lower rails are mounted. Furthermore after one of the rods is inserted into the brackets, the other rod should be inserted into the brackets. Therefore a pair of E-rings should be used for the fitting of the both ends of the one rod in order to prevent the falling down thereof from the brackets, and it takes a long time to construct the power operated seat device.


Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatuses for outputting information and calibrating a camera. The method may include: acquiring a first image, a second image, and a third image, the first image being an image photographed by a to-be-calibrated camera, the second image being a high-precision map image including a target area indicated by the first image, and the third image being a reflectance image including the target area; fusing the second image and the third image to obtain a fused image; determining a matching point pair based on points selected by a user in the first image and the fused image; and calibrating the to-be-calibrated camera based on coordinates of the matching point pair.

Camera calibration is one of the key research topics in the fields, such as photogrammetry, visual detection, and computer vision, and has been very widely used in the fields, such as surveying and mapping, industrial control, navigation, and military. Camera calibration provides a quantitative relationship for correspondence and conversion between two-dimensional information of a visual image and a practical three-dimensional object world.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Methods and apparatuses for outputting information and calibrating camera

BEIJING BAIDU NETCOM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


A method for analyzing a wellbore drilling operation includes acquiring sonic log data, gamma ray log data, and rate of penetration (ROP) data. The sonic log data, the gamma ray log data, and the ROP data are associated with depth intervals of a wellbore. The method further includes determining unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of a rock formation associated with the wellbore using well log data and drilling data. The well log data is limited to the sonic log data and the gamma ray log data, and the drilling data is limited to the ROP data.

In oil and gas well drilling operations, multiple wells may be drilled in a single field. Because a particular field may have reasonably similar rock formations at other locations of the field, information and knowledge acquired from the drilling of one wellbore in the field may be used to improve drilling operations of subsequent wellbores in the same field. Some of the information and knowledge that could be used in subsequent wellbore drillings can be acquired through analysis of one or more already drilled wellbores. Improvements in drilling operations of subsequent wellbores may result in significant economic benefit, for example, by extending longevity of drilling tools (e.g., drill bits) and by reducing the amount of time that would otherwise take to drill the wellbores.
To illustrate, information about a rock formation associated with an already drilled wellbore may be useful in properly selecting drilling parameters, such as weight-on-bit (WOB) and bit rotational speed (RPM), in drilling subsequent wellbores in the same field as the already drilled wellbore. Further, information and knowledge acquired during the drilling of a wellbore may be used in selecting appropriate drill bits for drilling subsequent wells in the same filed. The selections of appropriate WOB, RPM and drilling bit(s) are significant factors in optimizing drilling operations and reducing drilling costs.
Some existing methods of analyzing drilling operations rely on well logs and/or drilling data associated with one or more already drilled wellbores to improve drilling programs for drilling subsequent wellbores. For example, the method described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,914,591 relies on WOB, RPM, rate of penetration (ROP), drilling fluid related parameters as well as a numerical model of a drill bit to determine the compressive strength of a rock formation. As well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, compressive strength (e.g., unconfined compressive strength (UCS)) of a rock formation is highly valuable information in the efficient drilling of wellbores. For example, the type of drill bit, WOB, and RPM selections for drilling wellbores can be appropriately selected based on UCS information acquired from one or more previously drilled wellbores.
In some methods of analyzing drilling operations, UCS and related information are determined based on a sonic log, a gamma ray log, and at least one other well log, such as a neutron density log. While sonic logs and gamma ray logs are commonly available following a drilling of a wellbore, neutron density logs and other well logs are often unavailable, or when available, they are available for a small segment of a wellbore that is inadequate to enable a satisfactory analysis of a drilling operation. Further, many methods of analyzing drilling operations often require determining porosity of a rock formation to be able to determine the UCS of the rock formation. However, because porosity may not correlate with UCS for all rock types, additional steps may be required to perform a satisfactory analysis of the drilling operation.
Accordingly, having the capability to analyze a drilling operation based on commonly available well log data and without the need for infrequently available log data is desirable. For example, methods and systems of determining UCS and other wellbore information (e.g., abrasiveness of a rock formation and total work done by a bit) based on a sonic log and a gamma ray log and without the need for a neutron density log can be highly beneficial in cost effectively analyzing drilling operations and in optimizing subsequent drilling operations.
The drawings illustrate only exemplary embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, as the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.

Methods and systems of analyzing wellbore drilling operations


Input context for a statistical dialog manager may be provided. Upon receiving a spoken query from a user, the query may be categorized according to at least one context clue. The spoken query may then be converted to text according to a statistical dialog manager associated with the category of the query and a response to the spoken query may be provided to the user.

Web page context may be used to assist spoken language understanding (SLU) applications. In conventional systems, recognizing speech and natural understanding processing needs some sort of grammars or context information. In speech recognition this is usually domain specific rule based grammars, such as Speech Recognition Grammar Systems (SRGS), or statistical language models, such as n-grams. In some situations, however, incoming speech may not be categorized, so wide-ranging statistical models must be used rather than tightly focused ones that may better recognize and respond to spoken queries.

Using multiple modality input to feedback context for natural language understanding


A line for feeding a strip of wrapping material, whereby the strip is wound off an input reel and fed along a substantially U-shaped path to a traction unit via an adjusting unit for adjusting the tension of the strip; the adjusting unit is provided with a chamber in turn having a window located along the path of the strip. The chamber is tapered away from the window and the strip is subjected to a tension varying according to the length of strip drawn into the chamber.

The present invention relates to a line for feeding strip material to a user unit, particularly a wrapping machine.
In the following description, it is assumed, purely by way of example, that the wrapping machine is of the type commonly known as "form, fill and seal."
At present, known lines for supplying a strip of wrapping material comprise a guide device defining a given path for the strip; a traction device at the output end of the path, for imparting a given traveling speed to the strip; and a tensioning device for controlling and adjusting the tension of the strip.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,710,154 relates to a pneumatic tensioning device located upstream from the traction device, and which provides for compensating any variation in the tension of the strip and so maintaining a given tension.
The above known pneumatic tensioning device comprises a cup-shaped body connected to a suction source, and presenting an open end--hereinafter referred to as a "window"--located along and defining a portion of the path along which the strip travels.
In actual use, the strip travels in airtight manner past the window, and is subjected to a substantially constant tension equal to the vacuum inside the cup-shaped body, so that a reduction in the tension applied to the strip by the traction device is immediately compensated by the formation, inside the cup-shaped body, of a loop, which gets shorter as the tension applied to the strip by the traction device is increased.
By applying a substantially constant tension to the strip, the above tensioning device is of advantage for adjusting strip tension on machines in which the strip is fed at substantially constant speed and is only rarely subjected to transient speeds and, hence, transient tensions. In fact, by applying a substantially constant tension to the strip, the above device opposes any acceleration of the strip, and acts as a brake, which, in addition to reducing transient speeds, also results in instantaneous over-tensioning and possible tearing of the strip.
As such, the above known pneumatic tensioning device is far from suitable for use on packing machines, the output speed of which is affected by numerous factors and therefore normally variable.

Line for feeding strip material to a user unit, particularly a wrapping machine