A system for measuring a peak frequency of a signal applies a Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) to the signal obtained through transmission and reception of an electromagnetic wave to a subject to obtain a frequency of a peak component to be measured, thus permitting to make an appropriate assessment on a state of the subject. A signal analysis unit performs a spectrum estimation utilizing the MEM applied to a signal part of the phase difference signal with a predetermined short analysis duration, from a phase difference signal obtained by an electromagnetic wave transmitting and receiving unit, to obtain a frequency indicative of occurrence frequency of the peak component, and conducts repeatedly the same process, while shifting a position to be analyzed, corresponding to the analysis duration, thus introducing continuously the frequency. It is therefore possible to know a transition with time of the frequency of the peak component.

A heartbeat to be measured in order to confirm the health of a human is expected not only to serve as a health monitor, but also to be applied to assessment of stress, a predictive detection of hypnagogic state, when driving a vehicle, or the like. More specifically, it is recognized that, since a rhythm adjustment of the heartbeat may be made by an autonomic nerve, an analysis of change in heartbeat interval permits to estimate an influence of the autonomic nerve on the heartbeat, and a mental stability and a degree of stress, which may cause such a change.
For example, a condition, which forces an operator or a driver to take a seat for a long period of time along with an operation of a computer or a driving of a vehicle for a long period of time, or a long-distance movement, may give the operator or driver a mental load (stress). There have conventionally been problems that such a mental load may sometime cause various kinds of stress-related illness. It has been significant to properly evaluate the stress applied to the human body to avoid such a illness in advance, and there has been proposed an approach to evaluate the stress through analysis of heartbeat variability.
A way to attach electrodes to a body of a subject to obtain an electrocardiogram has conventionally generally been taken to measure the heartbeat. The heartbeat variability may be calculated by reading out peak intervals (RRI) of R-waves appearing in a shape of spike in the cardiac electrogram based on a threshold value as set. A frequency analysis of such a heartbeat variability permits to provide a stress evaluation index.
More specifically, a frequency analysis of time variation of the heartbeat results in the fact that the spectrum peak appears in each of the low frequency component having the bandwidth of from about 0.03 Hz to about 0.15 Hz and the high frequency component having the bandwidth of from 0.15 Hz to about 0.45 Hz. The respective peak values will be referred to as "LF" and "HF", respectively. LF represents a state of activity of both of the sympathetic nerve and the parasympathetic nerve, and HF represents a state of activity of only the parasympathetic nerve. Here, in view of the facts that the sympathetic nerve predominates in a state in which a human body is subject to stress, and the parasympathetic nerve conversely predominates in a state of relaxation, a value of LF/HF may be deemed as an index of activity of the sympathetic nerve, namely as a stress evaluation value. When values of integral of frequency spectrums of from 0.03 to 0.15 Hz and from 0.15 to 0.45 Hz are referred to as "LF" and "HF", respectively, a value of LF/HF may be deemed as an index.
Concerning an example of the conventional method to make a stress evaluation based on variation of heartbeat interval in this manner, JP 2001-95769 A, JP 2005-218595 A and JP 2008-99876 A disclose such a method.
JP 2008-253538 A discloses an example of a method in which a heartbeat is measured in a non-contact state with the use of a microwave and then a stress evaluation is made, in a different manner from the method utilizing the electrocardiograph. This publication describes a method comprising the steps of irradiating radio wave to a subject, receiving a reflected wave from the subject, converting a signal as received into a digital signal, calculating a peak interval (a PP interval) of the signal, and analyzing a heart rate variability (HRV) index from the PP interval based on an approach such as a Maximum Entropy Method to provide a low frequency component and a high frequency component as separated of the frequency region.

System for measuring a peak frequency of a signal for analyzing condition of a subject

KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CORPORATION


A high-level language, architecture-independent probe program compiler is disclosed. A base program is executable by one or processors, and has one or more breakpoints. A probe program is associated with each breakpoint and is also indirectly executable by the one or more processors. The probe program is independent of the architecture of the processors, and is generated from source code written in a high-level language. The probe program associated with each breakpoint is executed when the breakpoint is reached during execution of the base program. The compiler may employ an abstract syntax tree to switch between an address space of the probe program and an address space of the base program, by traversing the tree. Some of the nodes of the tree may more simply represent address space-specific objects of the base program. The probe program may be able to pass messages by manipulating the state of the base program.

1. Technical Field
This invention relates generally to probe programs that are associated with breakpoints within base, or probed, programs, and more particularly such probe programs that are written in high-level languages and that are independent of processor architectures.
2. Description of the Prior Art
As computer programs have become more complex, the chance that bugs, or errors, will occur during their development is high. The process of finding bugs in computer programs and correcting them is referred to as debugging. One type of debugging tool that is used is known as the probe program. Breakpoints are set at various locations within a program to be probed, which is known as the base, or probed, program. A probe program associated with a given breakpoint is executed when the breakpoint is reached during test execution of the base program. That is, the probe program is executed when the corresponding probe is fired during test execution of the base program. This enables the developer to diagnose various parts of the base program, and look for and correct any bugs within the base program.
A probe program typically provides the developer with access to the lowest-level resources of the system on which the base program is running. Therefore, the probe program is usually dependent on the architecture of the processor of the system, and the machine code representation of the probed program. That is, the probe program is usually dependent on the high-level language in which the probed program itself is written, and/or the address space in which the probed program operates. Probe programs act as if they were small sections of code logically inserted into the interior of the code of the base, or probed, program itself. The dependency of the probe program on the processor's architecture, and the base program's machine code representation, can limit the usability of the probe program, however.
For example, the probe program may have to be rewritten for every type of processor architecture in which the probe program is to be utilized. This can consume resources that otherwise could be dedicated to developing the base program. A probe program written for one type of processor architecture may not be suitable for another type of processor architecture, limiting its transportability across architectures. Furthermore, when the machine code representation of the base program changes, due to the base program being compiled for a different processor instruction set, for instance, the previously employed probe program may no longer be functional for the new processor instruction set. This also limits the usefulness of the probe program. For these and other reasons, therefore, there is a need for the present invention.

High-level language, architecture-independent probe program compiler

International Business Machines Corporation


Provided is an ammonia slip catalyst article having supported palladium in a top or upstream layer for oxidation of carbon monoxide and/or hydrocarbons, an SCR catalyst either in the top layer or in a separate lower or downstream layer, and an ammonia oxidation catalyst in a bottom layer. Also provided are methods for treating an exhaust gas using the catalyst article, wherein the treatment involves reducing the concentrations of ammonia and optionally carbon monoxide and/or hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas.

Field of Invention
Provided is an oxidation catalyst for treating combustion exhaust gas, and particularly for reducing ammonia slip associated with a selective catalytic reduction process.
Description of Related Art
Combustion of hydrocarbon fuel produces engine exhaust or flue gas that contains, in large part, relatively benign nitrogen (N2), water vapor (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2). But the exhaust gases also contains, in relatively small part, noxious and/or toxic substances, such as carbon monoxide (CO) from incomplete combustion, hydrocarbons (HC) from un-burnt fuel, nitrogen oxides (NOx) from excessive combustion temperatures, and particulate matter (mostly soot). To mitigate the environmental impact of exhaust gas released into the atmosphere, it is desirable to eliminate or reduce the amount of undesirable components, preferably by a process that, in turn, does not generate other noxious or toxic substances.
NOx, which includes nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O), is a burdensome component to remove from exhaust gas generated by lean burn engines. The reduction of NOx to N2 is particularly problematic in lean burn exhaust gas because the exhaust gas contains enough oxygen to favor oxidative reactions instead of reduction. Notwithstanding, NOx can be reduced by a process commonly known as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). An SCR process involves the conversion of NOx, in the presence of a catalyst and with the aid of a nitrogenous reducing agent, such as ammonia, into elemental nitrogen (N2) and water. In an SCR process, a gaseous reductant such as ammonia is added to an exhaust gas stream prior to contacting the exhaust gas with the SCR catalyst. The reductant is absorbed onto the catalyst and the NO reduction reaction takes place as the gases pass through or over the catalyzed substrate. The chemical equation for stoichiometric SCR reactions using ammonia is:4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2O2NO2+4NH3+O2→3N2+6H2ONO+NO2+2NH3→2N2+3H2O
Most SCR processes utilize a stoichiometric excess of ammonia in order to maximize the conversion of NOx. Unreacted ammonia that passes through the SCR process (also referred to as "ammonia slip") is undesirable, because the slipped ammonia gas can react with other combustion species and/or negatively impact the atmosphere if released. To reduce ammonia slip, SCR systems can include an ammonia oxidation catalyst (AMOX) (also known as an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC)) downstream of the SCR catalyst.
Catalysts for oxidizing excess ammonia in an exhaust gas are known. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,393,511 describes an ammonia oxidation catalyst containing a precious metal, such as platinum, palladium, rhodium, or gold on a support of titania, alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. These catalysts oxidize NH3 to yield N2 and/or secondary NOx+H2O as follows:4NH3+7O2→4NO2+6H2O4NH3+5O2→4NO+6H2O2NH3+2O2→N2O+3H2O4NH3+3O2→2N2+6H2O
To remedy this secondary NOx formation, typical ASCs comprise a top catalyst layer comprising a conventional SCR catalyst and a bottom catalyst layer comprising the ammonia oxidation catalyst. Exhaust gas containing slipped NH3, and little or no NOx, passes through the top SCR layer of the ASC wherein the SCR catalyst stores a portion of the NH3. Another portion of the NH3 continues to permeate through the catalyst until it reaches the bottom layer where it is oxidized into secondary NOx and H2O. The secondary NOx permeates back through the top layer where it reacts with the stored NH3 to produce N2 and H2O.
The top and bottom layers of the ASC are segregated to prevent immediate oxidation of the NH3 which would lead formation of untreated secondary NOx in the exhaust stream. For this reason, the top layer in ASCs is free from noble metals, such as platinum group metals (PGMs). Moreover, the bottom layer containing the PGM-based oxidation catalyst is completely covered by the top layer to prevent untreated secondary NOx from entering the exhaust stream.


A fusion processing unit performs warping with a high quality image as a reference by using a wide angle image that is generated by an imaging unit and has a wider angle of view than the high quality image generated by the imaging unit in a case where a predetermined condition is satisfied, and generates a fusion image by matching positions of image overlapping regions with each other of the high quality image having a higher image quality than the wide angle image and the wide angle image after the warping. A captured image can be generated having a wide angle of view and high image quality without degrading image quality using a plurality of captured images respectively having different angles of view and resolutions.

In conventional portable electronic devices such as information processing terminals, for example, smartphones, image qualities of their imaging units are degraded as compared with single-lens reflex cameras and the like due to downsizing and thinning. For this reason, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a plurality of imaging units is provided and a plurality of images is simultaneously generated having different image qualities, for example, images having a first angle of view and a second angle of view narrower than the first angle of view.

Image processing device and image processing method


A calculation unit performs statistical analysis of functions used in a software program under development. From the result of this statistical analysis, the calculation unit calculates indicators of possibility that executing a plurality of functions in combination improves power consumption, relative to the case of executing these functions separately, thus producing a table that associates combinations of functions with such indicators. The produced table is stored in a storage unit. A searching unit searches source code of the software program under development to find a source code portion that includes one of the combinations of functions in the stored table. A displaying unit displays the found source code portion in a manner distinguishable from other portions of the source code.

The development process of an application program for radio communication devices and the like involves evaluation of how much electric power is consumed by the hardware platform with the application program running thereon. There are several techniques for estimating and evaluating power consumption of application programs.
For example, one proposed method performs multiple regression analysis on the samples of load of a central processing unit (CPU) and other parameters, formulates therefrom a linear approximation formula for evaluating power consumption, and estimates power consumption of an application program under development by using that formula. Another proposed method collects measurements of power consumption for each individual process module constituting an application under development and estimates therefrom the power consumption of the application program as a whole. See, for example, the following documents:
Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2010-225133
Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2003-345472
The power consumption of an application program varies with the load conditions during its execution. For this reason, the linear approximation-based estimation method noted above is configured to run application programs several times under different load conditions and use the resulting data to produce a linear approximation formula. The method therefore spends a lot of time to determine the modeling parameters for power estimation. In other words, it takes a long time to collect data about power consumption.

Power consumption design-optimization of a communication device software program


Systems and methods for organizational purchasing are disclosed herein. More specifically, in certain embodiments a campaign corresponding to a product may be created and potential buyers informed of the campaign. These potential buyers may then themselves purchase the product in association with the campaign. In this manner not only are potential buyers informed that a product is being offered to one or more other buyers but the purchases of the individual buyers in association with the campaign may be aggregated to, for example, achieve a lower purchasing cost for each buyer relative to what the buyer would have paid if he had purchased only the quantity of product he desired.

In recent times the purchasing of promotional products by companies or other organizations has grown by leaps and bounds. In fact, it is now the case that divisions within an organization and certain locations of an organization may purchase their own specific promotional products. Because of the ad-hoc and dispersed nature of these purchases, the purchasing of promotional products is typically not controlled or managed inside an organization, nor is the purchasing accounted for in any consistent manner.
Typically, promotional products are purchased by individuals in specific locations or departments inside an organization rather than by any sort of centralized procurement or purchasing department. In many cases, however, many buyers inside the same organization are looking for the same or similar types of products during the same time period, completely unaware of other individuals' efforts or desires to obtain these products as well. Additionally, as the purchasing of promotional product may not be centralized there may not a uniform application of corporate or organizational guidelines regarding the purchases of promotional products such as rules regarding the use of organizational brands, trademarks or the like.
As a result there may be many individuals within an organization spending time, effort, or money trying to obtain similar types of products, without communicating with each other and without applying the appropriate organizational brand guidelines. This distributed purchasing of similar promotional products may mean that the combined purchasing power of all the buyers may not be leveraged and that organizational guidelines may not be uniformly applied with respect to the purchasing of promotional products (similar or otherwise). Furthermore, in some cases an organization may be so small that no matter how many people within an organization desire to purchase a product it may be difficult if not impossible to achieve volume based discounts based only upon purchases made by buyers within that organization.
Some companies try to coordinate and manage their buying through "corporate web-stores" for promotional products. These online stores may allow buyers to purchase promotional products that have been approved by corporate and that meet corporate guidelines. However, the static nature of such stores does not meet the constantly changing demands of purchasers of promotional products. As a result, buyers of promotional products are loathe to utilize such corporate web-stores and may look elsewhere for their promotional products. Thus, such stores typically only receive a small percentage of the total corporate purchase volume. Moreover, even if such stores are utilized by buyers within an organization a sufficient volume of product to achieve any sort of economies of scale may not be achieved by buyers within the organization.

Method and system for tiered pricing of customized base products


Exemplary embodiments are directed to a product identification tag, generally including a durable material that includes indicia thereon corresponding to useful information. The durable material is generally configured to be at least one of pierced and/or punched to capture distinctive identification information for a specific product. The distinctive identification information can be at least one of a serial number, an in-service date, and an inspection date. Exemplary embodiments are also directed to a method of product identification, comprising providing a durable material that includes indicia thereon corresponding to useful information. The exemplary method further includes at least one of piercing and/or punching the durable material to capture distinctive identification information for a specific product and detachably securing the durable material to the specific product.

In general, product identification tags are used in a variety of industries to allow users to track inventory and to provide crucial information about the particular item to which the product identification tag is attached. Such information is generally printed directly on the product identification tag. In secure applications, e.g., typical consumer supply chains, the product information can be affected by minimal/acceptable levels of wear and tear. However, over time, the information corresponding to the particular item can tear, rub off or otherwise be rendered unreadable. In addition, typical product identification tags are not intended for utilization in rugged and/or hazardous conditions, e.g., construction zones, industrial transport, or the like, where product information can become unrecognizable at a higher rate than in secure applications. Thus, the product identification tags typically implemented in both secure and hazardous applications are generally impractical and fail to provide the crucial product information necessary to the user.
Further, product identification tags currently used are generally pre-printed with the requisite product information and cannot be adjusted to reflect real-time information in a durable manner. For example, an in-service date for a product may be provided to an existing product identification tag by, e.g., printing and/or writing the in-service date on the tag. However, such markings made in real-time are also subject to wear and tear of secure and/or hazardous applications.
In the patent literature, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0126226 to Kolodzie et al. is directed to a two-part security sticker and associated document retrieval system, wherein the security sticker comprises one or more security features on a backing layer having opposite first and second major sides, the first major side having a transparent or translucent adhesive layer applied at least to a first part thereof and a liner on a side of the adhesive layer remote from the backing layer. The design and operation of the Kolodzie '226 security sticker results in numerous restrictions on use that significantly reduce the utility thereof, including specifically the requirement that information be marked onto the sticker before adherence to a hard surface. Indeed, the Kolodzie '226 security sticker is designed to expressly prevent the addition and/or alteration of information in the field, i.e., once it is adhered to a surface. Moreover, adherence of the Kolodzie security sticker to a surface prevents any further inspection and/or interaction with the rear surface thereof.
Thus, despite efforts to date, a need remains for improved product identification tags fabricated from durable materials for reliably and accurately displaying crucial product information. These and other needs are satisfied by the product identification tag and associated methods of the present disclosure.

Product identification tag and associated methods


A device to audibly verify the activation of a solid state relay. The device includes an audio output device that is coupled to the solid state relay to produce a sound when the solid state relay is activated. The sound produced by the audio output devices emulates the sound of an electromechanical relay when switched.

Telecommunication networks carry various types of information between users, e.g., voice, data, video. A typical telecommunications network includes many components or modules that work together to make a connection between users. For example, a telecommunications network typically includes switches, transport lines, terminals and other conventional equipment used to create transmission path connections between users.
Errors can occur in any one of these modules of the network creating a faulty transmission path. For example, a fiber optic cable that carries signals for the network can be cut inadvertently or otherwise damaged such that it cannot acceptably carry data. To prevent errors of this nature from hindering communications, networks include redundant or alternative components so that when a working component stops functioning acceptably, a redundant or alternative component can be switched into the network in place of the non-working component. Thus, the network is able to continue to carry information despite errors. This is referred to in the industry as network survivability.
Typically, relays are used as switches to selectively replace faulty components with the redundant or alternative components. For example, if a transmission path from a central office to a remote location is found to be faulty, relays in the central office and the remote location will be switched to replace the faulty transmission path with a redundant transmission path. An electromechanical relay will make a "clicking" sound when the relay has been activated (switched). Typically, the service technician will listen for the "clicking" sound to verify that the relay has been switched. It is desired in the industry to use solid state relays because they take up less space, are cheaper to make and are more reliable than electromechanical relays. However, solid state relays do not make a "clicking" sound when they are switched. Accordingly, the service technicians cannot rely on hearing the "clicking" sound in verifying if the relay has been switched.
For the reasons stated above and for other reasons stated below which will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the present specification, there is a need in the art for a audible relay emulator.


A hydrophilic surface treatment agent for an aluminum-containing metallic heat exchanger, which is obtained by mixing: a water-soluble resin (A) having at least one or more functional groups of an amide group, a hydroxyl group, and a carboxyl group, or a water-soluble resin (A) including, in a skeleton thereof, an amide linkage; colloidal silica (B); organo alkoxy silane and/or a hydrolysate thereof (C); a cross-linking agent (D) capable of forming cross-linkage with the water-soluble resin (A); and water (E), wherein the ratio {(B)+(C)}/{(A)+(B)+(C)+(D)} is 0.1 to 0.5 in terms of solid content ratio (mass ratio), and the ratio (C)/(B) is 0.5 to 4.0 in terms of solid content ratio (mass ratio).

In recent years, many of aluminum-containing metallic heat exchangers are, in order to improve the heat dissipation effects or cooling effects of the exchangers, designed so that the area of the heat dissipation section and cooling section is large as much as possible, and for this reason, the fin spacing is extremely reduced. In addition, in order to reduce the ventilation resistance as much as possible, notches referred to as louvers are put between fins in some cases. For this reason, when the exchangers are used as coolers, moisture in the atmosphere is condensed on the surfaces of the heat exchangers, in particular, between the fins, and the condensed water is more likely to become water droplets as the fin surfaces are more hydrophobic, and causes clogging in fin gaps to cause a problem of increasing ventilation resistance, thereby decreasing heat exchanger effectiveness.
Furthermore, the water droplets condensed between the fins induce corrosion of the aluminum forming the fins to deposit an aluminum oxide in white powder form on the fin surface, and makes bacteria, etc. more likely to grow on the surfaces when the surfaces of the heat exchangers left for a long period of time while remaining wet. The white powder of aluminum oxide deposited on the fins and the water droplets retained in the fin gaps fly in a room through blowers of the heat exchangers to provide a feeling of discomfort to users.
In order to prevent the clogging from being caused by the water droplets, treatment methods of providing fin surfaces with hydrophilicity to improve water wettability have been developed. In this case, for the fin surfaces, anticorrosion films (for example, chromate phosphate films, chromate films by chromic acid, or non-chromate films) are first formed on the heat exchangers. Then, on the anticorrosion films, hydrophilic inorganic compounds such as water glass and colloidal silica, as well as organic compounds such as surfactants and water-soluble resins are used singly or in combination to form hydrophilic films. It is to be noted that hydrophilic films may be directly formed without forming the anticorrosion films in some cases.
For example, JP H9-296121 A discloses a hydrophilic treatment agent for metal materials, which contains a water-soluble polymer having an acetal structure and a hydrophilic polymer having at least one or more hydrophilic groups.
JP H11-343450 A discloses a composition for hydrophilic treatment, which contains a water-soluble polymer, a trivalent chromium compound, a zirconium or titanium compound.
However, the hydrophilic films are not always considered to have excellent drainage performance, but the development of hydrophilic films which have further excellent drainage performance has been desired. Moreover, the development of hydrophilic films which stably provide favorable drainage performance for a long period of time has been desired, because the hydrophilic films undergo a significant decrease in drainage performance after use with time.
Furthermore, WO 2009/044912 A discloses a hydrophilic coating agent containing a colloidal silica sol (A), an acrylic polymer (B), a reactive silane coupling agent (C), and a curing agent, characterized in that the mass ratio {(A)/(B)} is 5/95 to 95/5, and the ratio {(A+B)/(C)} is 30/70 to 95/5.
The hydrophilic films exhibits anti-fog properties because of their high hydrophilicity, hardness, durability, but fail to provide adequate drainage performance.
JP 2005-162533 A discloses a method for producing modified colloidal silica, which is characterized in that colloidal silica obtained by hydrolysis and condensation of a hydrolyzable silicon compound is modified with a modifying agent.
The production method is aimed at modifying the colloidal silica for the improvement of dispersion stability for a long period of time. However, in this method, when the mass ratio of a silane coupling agent exceeds 0.03 with respect to the colloidal silica, problems are caused such as increased secondary particle size, formation of aggregates, and gelation, and even if this silica is used for a hydrophilic surface treatment agent, the amount of the silane coupling agent (it is to be noted that organo alkoxy silane is a type of silane coupling agent) with respect to the colloidal silica does not correspond to adequate surface modification, which is insufficient for providing drainage performance.
JP H7-233270 A discloses an agricultural film which is excellent in antifog properties, which is characterized in that the film is obtained by the emulsion polymerization of an acrylic monomer, a polymerizable silane coupling agent, and colloidal silica, and provided with a coating layer containing 20 weight % to 70 weight % of colloidal silica per total solid content.
The method mentioned above can provide the film surface with permanent hydrophilicity and water droplet flowability, while maintaining excellent transparency and durability at the surface of the agricultural film for use in vinyl greenhouses for agriculture, etc. However, also in this method, the ratio by weight of the silane coupling agent with respect to the colloidal silica is 0.5 at a maximum, which means that the surface modification with the silane coupling agent is insufficient. In the method, the silane coupling agent is used which has a hydrophobic group in the molecule, and the silica surface will be covered with the hydrophobic coupling agent when the agent is contained at 0.5 or more in terms of ratio by weight, and the hydrophilicity of the silica will be thus lost to cause a problem of failure to obtain hydrophilicity at the surface of the coating film. Therefore, in the case of the agricultural film or the like there is no problem with water droplet flowability, while the method is inadequate for drainage performance of structurally complex aluminum-containing metallic heat exchangers.
JP 2001-323250 A discloses a hydrophilic treatment agent containing silica microparticles and a vinyl alcohol polymer, where the silica microparticles are coated with the vinyl alcohol polymer, and dispersed in an aqueous medium in the state of coated particles of 5 nm to 1000 nm in average particle size.
The method mentioned above provides a hydrophilic treatment method for heat exchangers, which is excellent in maintenance of hydrophilicity and deodorant properties. However, even when the silica microparticles are coated with the vinyl alcohol polymer, the drainage performance is inferior to that of colloidal silica surface-modified with a silane coupling agent while the silica microparticles are excellent in deodorant properties.
JP H6-93209 A discloses a hydrophilic film forming agent for aluminum exchangers or fin materials thereof, which contains, as its main constituents, an alkali silicate, a low-molecular organic compound having a carbonyl group, an acrylamide copolymer, and a silane coupling agent, with the solid content of the acrylamide copolymer from 25 weight % to 30 weight %.
The method mentioned above provides hydrophilic films which can reduce cement odors and mold odors specific to the alkali silicate, but the films also have inadequate drainage performance.
Patent Literature 1: JP H9-296121 A
Patent Literature 2: JP H11-343450 A
Patent Literature 3: WO 2009/044912 A
Patent Literature 4: JP 2005-162533 A
Patent Literature 5: JP H7-233270 A
Patent Literature 6: JP 2001-323250 A
Patent Literature 7: JP H6-93209 A

Hydrophilic surface treatment agent for aluminum-containing metal heat exchangers having excellent drainage


An underwater writing and drawing tablet that stretches a length of waterproof (plastic) vellum between two rollers over a flat surface thereby enabling the user to easily draw or write on said vellum and permanently save the drawing and writing.

This disclosure relates to scuba diving and more specifically to a submersible tablet for use in writing and drawing.
There are many reasons a scuba diver may need to write or draw underwater. The first is to communicate with other divers. Other uses are to record notes, to aid in gathering reference material, architectural drafting for marine construction and artistic rendering as is done at underwater archeological sites.
Presently most underwater communication is accomplished with hand signals or dive slates. Hand signals can be confusing and are limited in what they can communicate. Dive slates are limited in the amount that they can record by the size of the slate. When the slate is full, new writing can only be added by erasing all previous work. In urgent situations this erasing time can be inconvenient. Some communication is performed electronically but this is expensive and vulnerable to the underwater environment.
The use of multiple pages of waterproof material on a clipboard underwater is awkward because in the marine environment the pages can stick together and are difficult to manipulate especially if the diver is wearing gloves. Multiple page slates also cannot be reused until all previous work has been erased.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for monitoring traffic in a network include receiving, at an analytics platform connected to the network, one or more encapsulated packet headers from one or more network nodes of the network. From the one or more encapsulated packet headers, at least one or more source addresses of the one or more network nodes which transmitted the encapsulated packet headers, and one or more timestamps at which the one or more encapsulated packet headers were transmitted from the one or more network nodes may be determined. From at least the one or more source addresses and timestamps, network traffic information such as one or more of latency or jitter of data packets transiting through the one or more network nodes may be determined, wherein the one or more encapsulated packet headers may correspond to the data packets transiting through the one or more network nodes.

Currently, it is very difficult, time-consuming, labor intensive, and error-prone to monitor network traffic flows at multiple locations in a wired network, and to then correlate the results to determine meaningful impact of any network impairments on actual end-user network traffic flows. An example of currently utilized methods includes generating synthetic traffic streams in a network to simulate user traffic streams. Metrics measured against these synthetic traffic streams are analyzed to measure network performance, determine packet loss or delivery rates, and detect network impairments. However, reliance on synthetic traffic streams introduces added control plane and data plane load, increased overhead, as well as additional analysis complexities. Furthermore, relying on synthetic traffic streams for monitoring the traffic flow may be deceptive, as actual or real user traffic may exhibit characteristics which are different from the characteristics of the synthetic traffic streams. Accordingly, monitoring synthetic traffic streams may provide inaccurate results.

Active targeted data plane traffic monitoring for wired networks


A method and apparatus providing a telephone user with a manner in which to send DTMF commands during a call over a communication network by use of a speech-based user interface. The user speaks one or more words corresponding to DTMF commands, and the invention performs speech recognition on the spoken words, generates corresponding DTMF signals, and transmits the DTMF signals over the network.

The present invention relates generally to the field of telecommunications and more particularly to a method and apparatus for transmitting Dual Tone Multi-frequency (DTMF) signals to an automated system responsive to touch-tone control thereof by using a speech-based user interface.
The use of automated DTMF (i.e., touch-tone) controlled systems is now common throughout much of the industrialized world and still increasing. Such systems are employed for a variety of reasons, including to provide greater convenience to users (e.g., automated after hours services) and to reduce the need for human telephone operators. For example, some mail order companies with limited customer service hours use an automated after-hours system that allows a customer to check on the status of an order 24 hours a day. The customer navigates the automated system by pressing keys on the phone keypad to send DTMF commands in response to a recorded menu of options. However, many telephones of both traditional wireline and the wireless variety (i.e., cordless, cellular, PCS, or satellite) provide the keypad within the handset, thereby making it very inconvenient for the user to send DTMF commands while listening for responses from the automated system. To press a key, the user has to remove the phone from his or her ear to look at the keypad and then return the phone to the ear again to hear the next prompt. During a call in which a number of such commands must be sent to an automated system the user must repeat this back and forth motion frequently.
Advances in speech recognition technology over the years have made possible some improvements in the way users submit commands to automated DTMF-controlled systems. For example, some automated DTMF-controlled systems themselves allow the user to speak commands instead of pressing keys on the keypad. In such systems, the user is told, xe2x80x9cPress or say xe2x80x989xe2x80x99,xe2x80x9d for example. Another approach is to provide an intermediate server in the network between the user and the automated response system to convert spoken commands to DTMF signals, which are then relayed to the automated response system. One disadvantage of this approach, however, is that the user must first call the intermediate server, which in turn calls the desired automated DTMF-controlled system. Sometimes the user does not know a priori whether or not a commercial entity has an automated DTMF-controlled system. Also, users may not want to go through the extra time and steps of dialing an intermediate speech-to-DTMF server.
Another manner in which speech recognition technology is used to facilitate the sending of DTMF commands is in voice dialing, a method in which a user may dial a telephone number by speaking the number instead of pressing keys on a keypad. In some implementations this capability even extends to simple spoken labels that represent a number such as xe2x80x9chomexe2x80x9d to represent user""s home telephone number. This capability may be implemented in either the local terminal or in the network. Once dialing is complete, however, the speech recognition function is turned off, and the speech-to-DTMF capability is not available to the user during a call for use with automated systems responsive to touch-tone control.
It is a first object of the present invention, therefore, to provide a speech-based user interface for transmitting DTMF signals during a telephone call to automated systems that can be controlled by DTMF signals. A second object of the invention is to provide such a speech-based user interface without requiring the user to have a priori knowledge of the automated DTMF-controlled system and without the user having to access an intermediate server in the network to access the speech-to-DTMF conversion capability. A third object is to provide the user with simple control over the speech recognition aspect of the invention. Finally, it is an object of the present invention to provide the user with the capability of transmitting multiple DTMF commands with a single activation of the speech recognition circuit.
The invention satisfies these objects by providing a telephone apparatus and associated method. The apparatus comprises a microphone for receiving spoken utterances from a user, a speech recognition circuit, and a DTMF signal generator. When the user speaks an utterance corresponding to a DTMF command that the user wants to transmit over a communication network, the speech recognition circuit analyzes the spoken utterance to determine whether or not it matches one of a predetermined set of DTMF commands. If so, the DTMF signal generator outputs the corresponding DTMF signal for transmission over the communication network.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the speech recognition circuit is activated by a push button switch located on the telephone. In another alternative embodiment, the speech recognition circuit responds to a predetermined activation utterance from the user by activating the conversion and transmission of spoken DTMF commands. In yet another embodiment, the user receives confirmation of recognized words via speech synthesis and has the opportunity to cancel the transmission of an incorrect DTMF command.
These and other objects of the invention, together with features and advantages therefore, will become apparent from the following detailed specification when read with the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals refer to like elements.

Method and apparatus for transmitting DTMF signals employing local speech recognition


A W3 Trust Model is described for evaluating trust and transitivity of trust of online services. By introducing a set of trust attributes for each web document, the W3 Trust Model combines a vertically trusted public key infrastructure with a horizontal referral web classification. It provides a mechanism to assess both the trust and the transitivity of trust of web contents in a heterogeneous environment. The trust attributes are categorized in three categories: a first category which relates to contents of the web document, a second category which relates to owner of the web document, and a third category which relates to relationships of the web document and certificate authorities. The method includes calculating a P value representing a standalone page trust assessment of the target web document based on trust attribute values in the first category, a Q value representing a standalone page trust assessment of the target web document based on trust attribute values in the second and third categories, and an S value representing a subordinate node assessment based on a total trust value and a relevance value R of each of a plurality of other web documents linked to the target web document. The P, Q and S values are then combined to calculate a total trust value of the target web document.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to evaluating trust and transitivity of trust of online services.
2. Description of the Related Art
Traditional trust relationships between business parties are based on legitimate physical identities such as shopfront. This physical manifestation is in contrast to an electronic commerce (eCommerce) environment on the Internet, where business providers and consumers identify each other by their web sites, email addresses or some electronic means such as a public key or certificate. These changes have brought about a new set of electronic threats and risks. Examples of such risks include fraud, misuse of personal data (e.g. credit card number), deliberate misinformation (e.g. the content of web documents), web spoofing (e.g. mimic legitimate businesses to unlawfully obtain consumers' credit card numbers), eavesdropping, identity theft, and repudiation. These risks represent elements of uncertainty in the eCommerce environment, which can produce financial losses and other undesirable results. As a result of these risks, there is an increasing awareness among web users of the issue of authenticity: of business partners, service providers and product information.
To limit or better deal with these elements of uncertainty, trust has been identified as an important concept in eCommerce. The trustworthiness of web documents is an increasing factor affecting the rate of growth of eCommerce. From an eCommerce perspective, trust can be seen as a counterweight to elements of uncertainty. eCommerce trust can be tentatively defined as: a culturally (e.g. as in web communities) subjective view and perception (and expectation) of honesty and lawfulness by others. Different web communities may have different conceptual interpretations and definitions of trust. The meaning of trust in the context of eCommerce is still evolving along with the web environment and technologies.
Several public key infrastructure (PKI) trust models (such as X.509, PGP, SDSI/SPKI) have been developed, which involve digital signatures and other security services such as authentication, authorisation, access-control-list, privacy. The major industrially adopted PKI trust models are primarily hierarchically structured (e.g. X.509) to form a vertically trusted environment. However, in contrast to the hierarchical PKI trusted environment, most web documents are hypertext linked to form a horizontally (or web) referral environment. The nature of web documents requires an additional way to propagate trust from a parent (or root) web document to their signed or unsigned offspring web documents, giving rise to a heterogeneous trust environment on the Internet.

Method and apparatus for evaluating trust and transitivity of trust of online services


A slotting cutter and a method for constructing the slotting cutter. The slotting cutter is structurally divided into two portions, a central adapter portion and a cutter portion. The central adapter portion is a disk with an F-type or S-type adapter. The cutter portion is an annular ring provided with cutting insert receiving pockets, or cartridge receiving pockets. The cutter portion and a body portion are manufactured separately and combined to form the slotting cutter by a heat shrinkage method.

The present invention relates to slotting cutters and a method for constructing such slotting cutters.
Slotting cutters can be left handed, right handed or neutral, depending on the location of cutting inserts on the slotting cutter""s outer periphery. In addition they generally come with two different types of adapter, referred to herein both in the specification and claims as xe2x80x9cS-typexe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cF-typexe2x80x9d adapters. An xe2x80x9cS-typexe2x80x9d adapter is a central opening centered at the slotting cutter""s axis of rotation, designed to receive an arbor connected to a spindle. An xe2x80x9cF-typexe2x80x9d adapter is a generally cylindrical central protrusion at the slotting cutter""s central opening constituting an arbor for connecting to a spindle.
A major problem in the cutting tool industry is that of supply time. Typically, the conventional supply time for a slotting cutter, from the time of order, is four to eight weeks. An obvious way of reducing supply time to an absolute minimum would be to manufacture all the various types of slotting cutters and store them. As soon as an order is placed by a client for a given number of slotting cutters, they are retrieved from storage and supplied to the client. However, taking into account the many types of slotting cutters that would have to be produced and stored (left handed, right handed and neutral, with either xe2x80x9cS-typexe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cF-typexe2x80x9d adapters), such a simplistic approach has a disadvantage that it would place heavy demands both on storage space and financial investment.
It is an object of the present invention to provide slotting cutters and a method for producing such slotting cutters in which the supply time is considerably less than the conventional supply time and in which the aforementioned disadvantage is reduced.
Slotting cutters in accordance with the present invention are structurally divided into two portions, a central adapter portion and a cutter portion. The central adapter portion comprises a disk with an F-type or S-type adapter. The cutter portion is an annular ring provided with cutting insert receiving pockets, or cartridge receiving pockets.
Thus in accordance with the present invention there is provided a slotting cutter comprising a cutter portion affixed to a body portion;
the body portion comprising a disk having an outer peripheral surface with a first diameter and a central portion provided with an adapter;
the cutter portion comprising an annular ring having an inner surface with a second diameter and an outer portion provided with recesses;
the cutter portion being formed of a material having thermal characteristics such that the application of heat thereto causes thermal expansion thereof, thus allowing the support member of the body portion to be positioned inside the cutter portion, and cooling thereof causes thermal contraction thereof, whereby the cutter portion is rigidly affixed to the body portion.
Further in accordance with the present invention there is provided method for constructing a slotting cutter comprising the steps of:
providing a body portion comprising a disk having an outer peripheral surface with a first diameter and a central portion provided with an adapter;
providing a cutter portion comprising an annular ring having an inner surface with a second diameter and an outer portion provided with recesses, the cutter portion being formed of a material having thermal characteristics such that the application of heat thereto causes thermal expansion thereof; and
affixing the cutter portion to the central body portion by:
applying heat to the to the cutter portion;
positioning the body portion inside the heated cutter portion; and
allowing the cutter portion to cool, thereby causing thermal contraction thereof, whereby the cutter portion becomes rigidly affixed to the body portion.
Typically, the first diameter is larger than the second diameter.
Preferably, the slotting cutter is provided with an axial securing arrangement for ensuring that the cutter portion is secured against axial movement relative to the body portion.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the axial securing arrangement comprises at least two countersunk through bores extending from the front face of the support member to the outer peripheral surface thereof that mate, when the body portion is positioned inside the heated cutter portion, with at least two depressions provided on the inner surface of the cutter portion and countersunk head screws screwed into the at least two countersunk through bores and engaging a rear section of the at least two depressions
Typically, each countersunk through bore has a longitudinal axis that makes an acute anglexcex1 with a normal to the front face of the support member.
Preferably, the slotting cutter is provided with a rotational securing arrangement for ensuring that the cutter portion is secured against rotational movement relative to the body portion.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotational securing arrangement comprises a protrusion protruding from the outer peripheral surface of the support member, which protrusion engaging an indent on the inner surface of the cutter portion.
If desired, the recesses are insert receiving pockets.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the recesses are cartridge receiving pockets for receiving cutting insert receiving cartridges.
If desired, the slotting cutter is provided with right-hand cutting insert receiving cartridges.
Further if desired, the slotting cutter is provided with left-hand cutting insert receiving cartridges.
Yet further if desired, the slotting cutter is provided with both left-handed and right-hand cutting insert receiving cartridges.
In accordance with one embodiment, the adapter of the slotting cutter is an S-Type adapter.
In accordance with another embodiment, the adapter of the slotting cutter is an F-Type adapter.


An electronic assembly includes a backplate, a substrate and a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA). The backplate includes a cavity and the substrate includes a plurality of interconnected electrical components. The substrate is positioned within the cavity and a wall height of the cavity is greater than a combined thickness of the substrate and the adhesive, which bonds the substrate to the backplate.

Historically, various electronic assembly manufacturers have used a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) to bond an unpopulated substrate, e.g., printed circuit board (PCB), to a metal backplate. In general, the metal backplate has provided rigidity for the PCB and has protected the PCB from mechanically induced stresses. Usually, the PCB and backplate have been fed into a roller machine that includes one or more rollers that have applied pressure between the unpopulated PCB and backplate to activate a PSA (positioned between the PCB and backplate) and attach the PCB to the backplate. By applying pressure from one end of the assembly to the other end of the assembly, the roller machine has usually minimized air trapped between the PCB and the backplate. In such prior art assemblies, the backplate has been substantially flat such that no surface of the plate extended above a top surface of the PCB. This backplate surface limitation has been necessary due to the fact that the roller must contact the PCB to ensure activation of the PSA and, in turn, bonding of the PCB to the backplate. Unfortunately, the utilization of a flat backplate has generally negatively impacted the cost and design of the electronic assembly, as assemblies with flat backplates have required multiple additional mechanical panels to form a product enclosure.
Further, electronic assemblies that have first bonded an unpopulated PCB to a backplate have required that the PCB be populated after bonding of the PCB to the backplate. After population, the populated PCB and its associated backplate have both then been placed in a reflow oven, to initiate a solder reflow process at a desired temperature. Heating the mass of the backplate to the desired temperature has required additional energy which has increased the cost of the assembly. Further, the cooling time of the assembly has been increased as the backplate, due to its mass, cools more slowly than the PCB (and its associated electrical components) and, thus, has increased a processing time of the assembly. Additionally, when an electronic assembly manufactured in this manner fails an electrical test, the electrically defective assembly has generally been scrapped, as opposed to being reworked, due to the difficulty in reworking a populated PCB that is bonded to a backplate. Moreover, the reflow solder profile for such assemblies has been more complicated and, in turn, more expensive.
What is needed is a technique for bonding a populated (and electrically tested) substrate to a backplate. It would also be desirable if the technique allowed the backplate to be utilized as a more significant portion of a product enclosure.

Electronic assembly having a substrate laminated within a backplate cavity


An electronic component for mounting on a PCB by a reflow soldering method has a conductor element mounted on an insulating component body, the conductor element having a contact region exposed on the exterior of the component body to connect the component to the PCB. In order to increase the numerical mounting density of such electronic components on the PCB a window is provided in the body of the component, which allows IR radiation to pass through the component body to the contact region of the conductor element.

This invention relates to an electronic component for surface mount technology (SMT), having a component body comprised of an electrically insulating material, and at least one conductor element mounted on said body, which conductor element is comprised of electrically conducting material and has a contact region which is exposed to the exterior of the component body, which contact region serves to connect the component to a printed circuit board (PCB) or the like.
Customarily, an electronic component is connected to a PCB by inserting the conductor elements of said component into bores provided in the PCB, and then soldering the conductor elements in said bores.
To simplify the automated mounting of electronic components onto PCBS, in recent years a soldering technology has been developed which is known as SMT (surface mount technology), as a replacement for the traditional bore soldering technology. With SMT, the contact regions of the conductor elements are placed against a surface region of the PCB which region is typically coated with a soldering paste comprising materials which can be caused to produce a soldered joint. The soldering paste is then heated by IR radiation, to produce a connection between the electronic component and the PCB. This technique is known as the "reflow method". Alternatively, a vapor phase soldering process may be used, wherein the entire electronic component is enclosed in a space filled with a solvent and steam; the heat of condensation of the steam on the cold electronic component brings about the solder joint. However, this technique is objectionable because it poses environmental problems. The reflow method will now be described, with reference to FIGS. 3a and 3b of the accompanying drawings.
The fixing of an electronic component in the form of a plug connector, to a PCB (230, in FIG. 3a) will be described, with reference to FIG. 3a of the drawings: The plug connector is comprised of a body 210 of insulating material having a plate-shaped bottom member 212 and a wall 214 extending perpendicular thereto. Two conductor elements 220 pass through the bottom member 212. Outside of the body 210 the conductor elements have exposed contact regions 222, and inside of body 210 the conductor elements have plug-like regions 224 which can be inserted in a contact socket.
To fix the plug connector to the PCB according to the known "reflow method", the contact regions 222 are applied to a region of the PCB bearing a soldering paste, and then said paste is melted by means of infrared (IR) radiation applied to the contact region in the directions indicated by arrows 226, and the melted solder is allowed to solidify. The result is a strong and durable connection between the PCB and the plug connector.
To avoid shadow formation, caused by neighboring components, and which interferes with the action of the IR irradiation on the contact region, it has been proposed to chamfer the body 210 at the transition between the plate-shaped bottom member 212 and the wall 214 extending perpendicularly thereto (see inclined surfaces 218 FIG. 3b). This state of the art is disclosed, for example, in German OS 42 03 605 A1. If the other geometric parameters are left unchanged, the introduction of the chamfer increases the maximum angle of incidence, .alpha., with respect to the PCB (230), of the IR radiation incident on the contact region 222 without shadow formation. The chamfer feature enables a higher density of electronic components to be mounted on the area of the PCB using the surface soldering technique, due to the fact that the maximum angle of incidence of irradiation is increased by the chamfers 218, which in turn reduces the minimum separation between components which is required to avoid formation of shadows by neighboring components.
Although the mounting density of components on a PCB can be greatly increased by the feature, the maximum achievable angle of incidence .alpha. is still limited, and thus the maximum achievable mounting density is limited, e.g. by the constraints imposed generally by the geometry of the component, namely the extent of the wall 214. Further, a problem is presented with the customary arrangement of electronic components fixed to a PCB by means of surface soldering techniques, namely that the range of angles at which the IR radiation may be supplied to the contact region is small, and the greater the mounting density the smaller becomes said range of angles. For a given IR source, this reduces the IR power available for melting, and thereby increases the time required to achieve melting.

Electronic component for surface mounting technology

Otto Dunkel GmbH Fabrik fur Elektrotechnische Gerate


A cotyledon-enhanced 5' regulatory sequence obtainable from soybean that strongly drives gene expression in cotyledons throughout seed development is provided. Also provided are recombinant DNA constructs comprising this 5' regulatory sequence for transformation of plants cells and the production of transgenic plants, as well as an intron and 3' non-coding region useful in modulating gene expression in transformed plant cells.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to plant genetic engineering, and in particular to novel 5' and 3' regulatory sequences, including a novel intron contained within the leader of the 5' regulatory sequence, useful in the expression of genes in plants during early seed development and throughout seed development. These regulatory sequences can be operably linked to DNAs encoding selected protein products, and the combinations can be incorporated into recombinant vectors to facilitate the expression of these DNAs in transgenic plants.
2. Description of Related Art
The expression of a plant gene existing in the form of double stranded DNA involves transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) from one strand of the DNA by RNA polymerase and subsequent processing of the MRNA primary transcript inside the nucleus. This processing involves a 3' non-coding region which adds polyadenylate nucleotides to the 3' end of the MRNA.
Transcription of DNA into mRNA is regulated by a region of DNA usually referred to as the promoter. The promoter region contains a sequence of bases that signals RNA polymerase to associate with the DNA and initiate the transcription of mRNA using one of the DNA strands as a template to make a corresponding complementary strand of RNA.
Recent advances in genetic engineering have provided the requisite tools to transform plants to contain and express foreign genes (Kahl et al. (1995) World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 11: 449-460). It is now possible to produce plants that have unique characteristics of agronomic and crop processing importance. The ability to select the tissues in which to express such foreign genes and the time during plant growth in which to obtain expression of such foreign genes is possible through the choice of appropriate promoters that turn on these genes. A wide range of promoters is known for various plants, plant tissues, and developmental stages (McKinnon et al. (1995) Journal of Cereal Science 22: 203-210; Baerson et al. (1993) Plant Molecular Biology 22: 255-267; Domanskii et al. (1993) Biopolimery Kletka 9:3-18).
The soybean is an important plant for genetic engineering as it can be transformed to express foreign genes (Delannay et al. (1995) Crop Science 35: 1461-1467), and because it possesses valuable characteristics that can be improved by introducing certain genes.
Promoters useful in expressing foreign genes in soybean seeds and other seeds/cotyledons are known. For example, promoters from genes encoding seed storage proteins of various dicotyledonous plants have been identified. The major seed storage protein in soybean is .beta.-conglycinin. The promoters from both the .alpha.' and .beta. subunits of .beta.-conglycinin have been identified (Slighton et al. (1987) Planta 172: 356-363; Barker et al. (1988) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 85: 458-462). Promoters from genes encoding seed storage proteins of other species are also known. Two 2S albumin promoters of Arabidopsis thaliana have been identified (Conceicao et al. (1994) The Plant Journal 5(4): 493-505), the promoter of a 2S albumin gene of Brassica napus has been identified (Mats et al. (1991) European Journal of Biochemistry 197: 741-746), and a promoter from the .beta.-phaseolin gene of Phaseolus vulgaris has been identified (Bustos et al. (1988) Plant Cell 1: 839-853). Since seed storage proteins accumulate to high levels in seeds, the promoters from these genes have the potential to drive the expression of target genes to high levels in seeds of transgenic plants.
In addition to the promoter, the 5' untranslated regions of genes, introns from genes, and the 3' non-coding regions of genes have also been observed to play significant roles in the regulation and enhancement of gene expression. For example, 5' untranslated leaders have been observed to increase transient expression of heterologous genes (Hobbs et al. (1990) Plant Cell Reports 9: 17-20). Introns have also been observed to increase transient expression of heterologous genes (Callis et al. (1987) Genes and Development 1: 1183-1200). In addition to enhancing gene expression, introns that function in the regulation of gene expression have also been identified. For example, the GapAl promoter from maize requires the first intron of the GapA1 gene as well as surrounding exon border sequences in order to express in cultured cells (Donath et al. (1995) Plant Molecular Biology 28: 667-676). 3' noncoding regions of genes have also been observed to be involved in the regulation of gene expression. For example, enhancers contained within the 3' noncoding regions of genes have been required for the activation of tissue-specific expression in promoter-GUS fusions (Dietrich et al. (1992) The Plant Cell 4: 1371-1382; Larkin et al. (1993) The Plant Cell 5: 1739-1748).
The use of promoters from seed storage protein genes to drive the expression of heterologous genes in transformed plants is limiting in that storage proteins are predominantly expressed late in seed development, i.e., only during the midmaturation stages of development. Thus, there is a need for strong promoters that facilitate expression of genes during early seed development. Promoters active during early seed development possess the advantage of causing the selective accumulation of desirable gene products in seeds during early seed development, facilitating the enhanced production and accumulation of such desirable gene products in seeds, i.e., plant tissues that can be conveniently and economically harvested and processed.
While present technology permits the transformation of plants with genes encoding selected products, the expression of such genes is either ubiquitous if the promoter is constitutive, or is regulated in a temporal or tissue-dependent manner if the promoter is stage- or tissue-specific. Continuous expression precludes production at particular stages or in specific tissues, and can adversely affect yield due to increased energy demands associated with prolonged synthesis of the product. Tissue- or stage-specific expression permits greater control over the temporal and spatial accumulation of desired products. Thus, promoter sequences that control the expression of desired genes in a tissue-specific, stage-specific manner that can be employed in recombinant constructs for the transformation of plants, and that would facilitate greater control over the location and timing of expression of introduced genes and reduce the possibility of deleterious effects on overall plant growth, are highly desirable.


A biological tissue rootage face (30) capable of closely bonding to a biological tissue (H, S) is composed of a biocompatible material and has numerous fingertip-shaped microvilli (41). The microvilli (41) have tip diameters in the order of nanometers. An implant (1) has the biological tissue rootage face (30) on a surface (11, 24) configured to root into a biological tissue (H, S). In a method for forming the biological tissue rootage face (30), a surface of a biocompatible material is subjected to laser nonthermal processing carried out by emitting a laser beam in air, to form numerous fingertip-shaped microvilli (41). The laser beam is a laser beam of an ultrashort pulse laser.

Implants for body implantation have attracted attention. Implants include dental implants, artificial joints, artificial bones, and the like.
The dental implants are formed of a biocompatible material such as a biocompatible metallic material or a biocompatible ceramic material. The biocompatible metallic materials include titanium, a titanium alloy, a cobalt-chromium alloy and the like. The biocompatible ceramic materials include alumina, zirconia and the like.
A hip prosthesis, an artificial bone and the like are formed of a biocompatible metallic material and a biocompatible ceramic material, as well as a biocompatible resin material.
An outer surface of the implant closely bonds to a bone (hard tissue). The outer surface of the implant is roughened (porosification, etc.), so that bone ingrowth is enhanced, and high osseointegration can be obtained.
A resin implants can be exemplified by an implant prepared by coating a resin surface with a metal or a ceramic and roughening this coating.
FIG. 19 presents images (4 items) of outer surfaces of conventional titanium fixtures taken by SEM (magnification: 2,000 times). These outer surfaces are roughened (porosified) by etching treatment with hydrochloric acid or the like, or blasting treatment.

Biological tissue rootage face, implant, method for forming biological tissue rootage face, and method for producing implant


In some embodiments, a layout-based electronic communication classification (e.g. spam filtering) method includes generating a layout vector characterizing a layout of a message, assigning the message to a selected cluster according to a hyperspace distance between the layout vector and a central vector of the selected cluster, and classifying the message (e.g. labeling as spam or non-spam) according to the selected cluster. The layout vector is a message representation characterizing a set of relative positions of metaword substructures of the message, as well as metaword substructure counts. Examples of metaword substructures include MIME parts and text lines. For example, a layout vector may have a first component having scalar axes defined by numerical layout feature counts (e.g. numbers of lines, blank lines, links, email addresses), and a second vector component including a line-structure list and a formatting part (e.g. MIME part) list.

The invention relates to systems and methods for classifying electronic communications, and in particular to systems and methods for filtering unsolicited commercial electronic mail (spam).
Unsolicited commercial electronic communications have been placing an increasing burden on the users and infrastructure of electronic mail (email), instant messaging, and phone text messaging systems. Unsolicited commercial email, commonly termed spam or junk email, forms a significant percentage of all email traffic worldwide. Spam takes up valuable network resources, affects office productivity, and is considered annoying and intrusive by many computer users.
Software running on an email user's or email service provider's system may be used to classify email messages as spam or non-spam. Spam messages can then be directed to a special folder or deleted. Several approaches have been proposed for identifying spam messages, including matching the message's originating address to lists of known offending or trusted addresses (techniques termed black- and white-listing, respectively), searching for certain words or word patterns (e.g. refinancing, Viagra®, weight loss), and analyzing message headers. Experienced spammers have developed countermeasures to such classification tools, such as misspelling certain words (e.g. Vlagra), using digital images instead of words, and inserting unrelated text in spam messages. Such countermeasures have made the identification of spam more difficult.
Conventional anti-spam filtering approaches include black- and white-listing email addresses, as well as filtering based on keywords. For example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,421,709, McCormick et al. describe a system and method of filtering junk e-mails using a first filter and a second filter. The first filter includes a list of disallowed sender email addresses and character strings. The second filter includes allowed sender names and character strings which the user wishes to receive. The first filter eliminates emails from the system, while the second filter directs emails to the user's inbox.
In U.S. Pat. No. 6,161,130, Horvitz et al. describe a system which scans messages for a number of predefined features such as word-based features, capitalization patterns, and specific punctuation. The scan yields an N-dimensional feature vector, which is fed into a probabilistic classifier. The classifier is trained for prior content classification, and effectively bins the message into one of several classes, e.g., spam or non-spam, according to a computed confidence level. A user trains the classifier by manually labeling a set of messages as legitimate or spam.

Line-structure-based electronic communication filtering systems and methods


Systems and methods are presented for performing concurrent updates on a shared value. A request to update a shared value is stored in a secondary database table, and the update to the shared value is deferred. Application of an aggregation function to delta values stored in the secondary database table may produce an aggregate value that can be applied to the shared value in a consolidated update.

Database management systems are often required to support numerous requests in parallel, as various processes and threads make requests to read and write to data maintained by the system. Concurrent access, however, is accompanied by an associated risk of conflicting updates and inconsistent reads. For example, a client application might attempt to view and edit a record. The process begins with the record being read from the database and ends with updated data being written to the database. However, if two client applications attempt to work with the same data simultaneously, there may be a risk that the two clients will conflict with each other—for example by attempting to write different values to the same column. Another possible conflict involves inconsistent reads. This might occur, for example, if one of the client applications is updating multiple records in the context of a single transaction. If the first client application's updates are underway when the second client attempts to read the same data, there is a risk that the second client will be provided with some of the first client's updates, but not all of them.
Various locking schemes or other concurrency control schemes may be employed to reduce or eliminate these risks. Database systems may provide various locking mechanisms that isolate client applications from each other's activity. The protection afforded by the database management system can be expressed as an isolation level. Some isolation levels impose locks on all data implicated within a transaction, while others provide minimal locking or even no locking at all. Higher levels of isolation can correspond to a decrease in system performance, because locks slow down other applications trying to read the same data.
For some applications, such as large-scale web applications, the cost of increased isolation can be prohibitive. One approach to avoiding these problems involves what is called optimistic concurrency, which avoids transaction-related locking under the belief that in most cases no conflicts will occur. Client applications written to use optimistic concurrency may include error detection and correction algorithms, so that they may properly react to conflicts when they occur. This approach, however, can be both complex and error-prone.
A further possible complication relates to the volume of updates. Even at lower levels of isolation, large volumes of updates to a table, row or individual field can cause serious performance degradation. As one example, an inventory value may track the in-stock quantity of a popular product. Numerous customers may attempt to check the availability of the product and then attempt to purchase it. If a high degree of isolation is imposed, for example by serializing each customer's access, the system could grind to a halt. If no isolation is imposed, there would be a significant risk of purchases exceeding the available inventory.


A marker detection apparatus detects a marker attached to a target sample from samples flowing in a sample flow, including: an electric field formation section that forms a quasi-electrostatic field in a path of the sample flow; and a detection section that detects, when the target sample labeled by the marker that is a particle made from a piezoelectric or electrostrictive substance of a unique vibration frequency gets into the quasi-electrostatic field, the vibration of the particle.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a marker detection apparatus and marker detection method, and is preferably applied to a flow cytometry technique, for example.
2. Description of the Related Art
There are methods to retrieve a target living cell from various cells, and one of them is flow cytometry. Flow cytometry uses a flow or stream: the target samples, labeled by fluorescent substances or a marker under a certain condition, are put into the flow one by one. In addition, a laser beam is directed onto the droplets of the flow at a right angle.
There is a flow cytometer that has an optical component to sort the scattered or fluorescent light (which was excited as a result of emitting the laser beam) by wavelength and then leads it to a corresponding detector to detect whether the marker exists (see Jpn. Pat. Laid-open Publication H9-508703). In this manner, the flow cytometer separates the target sample or a target cell labeled by a specific marker from other substances such as cells attached to other markers or cells with no markers.

Marker detection apparatus and marker detection method


Example techniques for pod migration across nodes of a cluster are described. In an example, in response to receiving a request to migrate a pod from a first region of a cloud computing platform to a second region of the cloud computing platform, the pod may be migrated from a first node in the first region to a second node in the second region. The first node and the second node may each be a part of a cluster of nodes.

Containers may be used to isolate and run workloads, such as applications, in different computing environments. A container may refer to a computing instance that can host a workload and can operate as a separate computer from the point of view of the workload. The container may be part of a pod, which may include one or more containers. A pod may be the smallest functional unit that can be managed independently by a management platform. The pod may be hosted in a node, which may be a computing device or a virtual machine (VM). Several nodes may be managed together as a cluster of nodes. In some instances, a pod may have to be migrated from one node to another in the cluster of nodes.

Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP


The present invention relates to agents containing cationic azacyanine dyes having formula (I) for dyeing fibers, such as, for example, keratin fibers, wool, silk or fleeces, and in particular human hair, as well as to new asymmetrical azacyanine dyes.

Cationic direct-penetrating dyes have long been known in hair tinting products. In oxidative dyeing systems, which during the dyeing process simultaneously lighten the natural hair melanin, in particular nitro and azo dyes are used, because most other types of dyes cannot withstand the oxidation process.
It is known to use particular azacyanines for the surface treatment of optical recording media.
Surprisingly, it has been discovered that particular cationic azacyanine dyes enable coloring to be carried out into the blue and blue-green ranges, and that, depending on the substitution pattern, they are oxidation-stable and can thus also be used in oxidative dyeing systems.

Cationic azacyanine dyes and coloring agents containing said dyes


Memory security technologies are described. An example processing device includes a processor core and a memory controller coupled to the processor core and a memory. The processor core can determine that an exit condition to transfer control of a resource for a processor core from a first virtual machine monitor (VMM) to a second VMM has occurred. The processor core can also determine whether a control virtual machine control structure (VMCS) link pointer is valid. The processor core can also determine whether a reason value corresponding to the control VMCS link pointer is set. The processor core can also determine whether the reason value is set to zero. The processor core can also determining whether an exception bit corresponding to a specific exception type of a reason value is set. The processor core can also transfer a control of the resource from the first VMM to the second VMM.

A computing device typically runs a single operating system (OS) that can access hardware resources of the computing device. However, virtualization allows multiple virtual machines (VMs) to be run on the computing device. A VM may be a software instantiation of a computing environment or OS. In virtualization, multiple VMs are instantiated and each VM runs its own instance of an OS. The OS of each VM may run independent of other VMs. For example, a first OS can be unaware that it is running within a VM and that other OSs are running on other VMs for the same computing device. A hypervisor or a virtual machine monitor (VMM) can virtualize hardware resources of the computing device to provide access to the hardware resources for the VMs. A set of virtualization instructions can allow the hypervisor to operate in a root mode while guest OSs and application software can run in non-root modes.

Nested virtualization for virtual machine exits


A folding mobile telephone having an upper terminal body and a lower terminal body is provided. The upper terminal body has an upper part with a liquid crystal display and a base, such that the upper part and the base are connected to each other via lock mechanism. This lock mechanism permits the upper part and the base to be mounted and removed in a flipping manner. The upper terminal body also has communications devices to make electrical connections. The upper terminal body has an operating mechanism that allows prescribed operations to be performed using the upper terminal body when it is connected to its base and folded against the lower terminal body (i.e., the closed state).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile terminal device having an upper terminal body and a lower terminal body, which are connected via a hinge so as to allow the mobile terminal device to be opened and closed.
2. Description of the Related Art
Mobile telephones include integral mobile telephones and folding mobile telephones. In particular, folding mobile telephones are superior in portability because the mobile telephones are compact in a closed state (folded state).
However, liquid crystal displays provided on the folding mobile telephones are generally placed on the inner surfaces of the upper and lower terminal bodies of the folding mobile telephones in such a manner to be viewed in an opening state. Namely, in the closed state, the liquid crystal displays cannot be viewed.
The inability to view the liquid crystal displays when only the telephone function is used in not inconvenient. However, in the present day, various functions, such as e-mail access and Internet access, have been added to mobile telephones. When a received e-mail is read, or when various sites are viewed by accessing Internet, folding mobile telephones need to be opened every time to expose the liquid crystal displays, which is considerably troublesome. Additionally, in some cases, an e-mail message needs to be read in a crowded place. Thus, the opening operation is quite troublesome in a limited free space.
The above-described problem can be solved by placing the liquid crystal displays on the outer and inner surfaces of the upper and lower terminal bodies of the folding mobile telephone. However, it is quite uneconomical to have more liquid crystal displays. In addition, the thickness in the structure of the folding mobile telephone is increased, thereby contradicting a compact size, which is an advantage of folding mobile telephones.
Thus, in view of the above-described problem, Japanese Utility Model Registration No. 3075258 discloses a folding mobile telephone with a flipped display. Further, in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Heisei 10-155013 and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 2000-151781 (division of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Heisei 10-155013), the applicant of the present invention has proposed portable communication apparatuses which can change fixed forms of folding mobile telephones according to preference and use, though the publications are not devised to solve the above-described problem.
In the folding mobile telephone with a flipped display that is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Registration No. 3075258, a receiver-side case having a liquid crystal display and a transmitter-side case are connected so as to be flipped by 180 degrees around a hinge, and the liquid crystal display is exposed in a closed state if necessary.
Moreover, in the portable communication apparatus disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Heisei 10-155013, one or more kinds of connectors including a bending type, a rotating type, and a straight line type are prepared for electrically and structurally connecting an upper case and a lower case, and the connectors are properly selected according to use and preference to connect the upper case and the lower case via the connectors. Besides, in the portable communication apparatus disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 2000-151781, cases with forms suitable for use are arbitrarily selected, and an upper case and a lower case are connected via a connector for making electrical and structural connection.
However, as to the folding mobile telephone with a flipped display that is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Registration No. 3075258, although the structure of the rotating part is not discussed in detail, it is suggested that the compact size is not achieved due to a rotating part as long as the receiver-side case having the liquid crystal display is flipped by 180 degrees. In addition, it is considered that a prescribed locking mechanism is necessary for preventing the receiver-side case from rotating when a telephone function is used (the case is likely to rotate because the receiver is pressed to an ear), resulting in a more complicated mechanical structure.
Moreover, the portable communication apparatuses disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application Heisei 10-155013 and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 2000-151781 do not present a technical idea for viewing a liquid crystal display in the closed state.

Portable terminal device capable of displaying information in a closed state


A sweeper comprising a housing, at least one drawer, and at least one brush rotatably mounted to the housing for sweeping debris into the drawer. The housing forms an opening for removably mounting the drawer for movement between an open and a closed position. The sweeper is rollably supported on wheels which drive the brush. The sweeper incorporates modular features which allow the sweeper to be assembled without the use of tools.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to floor sweepers. In one of its aspects, the invention relates to a floor sweeper having multiple brushes for sweeping dirt from a carpet into a receptacle.
2. Description of the Related Art
Floor sweepers having one or more rotatable brush rollers for sweeping debris into an on-board dust pan have been developed to the point where they function very adequately on smooth floors as well as carpets. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,457,575 entitled "Sweeper For Carpeted And Smooth Floors".
Modern day floor sweepers are expected to pick up a variety of different types of debris including not only lint, thread, sand and the like, but also larger items such as cigarette butts. In designing floor sweepers of improved construction, problems are always found relative to the placement and mounting of the various elements. This is especially true in connection with the wheels and brush rollers, retaining springs, dust pans, bail, and the like. It is important that the lower unit of a floor sweeper be designed so that it can be manufactured economically, as well as assembled and serviced with a minimum of difficulty. The elements of the sweeper should cooperate and function in the most efficient manner possible, keeping in mind the need for a compact unit which is visually attractive. Not all designs are highly efficient.
For example, some sweepers have separate upwardly removable dust pans with peripheral shoulders which cooperate with an upper peripheral ledge on the sweeper housing so that the ledge supports the pans. Alternately, the floors of upwardly removable pans are sometimes supported by bottom walls in the housing. Bails have often been formed of special parts useful for the bail alone, thus requiring separate manufacturing operations for this relatively simple device.
As a further example, the support wheels of prior sweepers have not always been positioned or adapted to function in a manner to promote overall sweeper efficiency or for ease of installation and manufacture.
It is well recognized that floor sweepers should have the highest pickup efficiency possible so that a minimum of debris remains on the floor surface after several passes of the sweeper thereover.


In one embodiment, a static wireless power transfer (WPT) system (with charging spots and non-charging parking spots) receives a request to charge a vehicle. The device schedules a period of time during which the vehicle is allocated access to a particular charging spot based on scheduling characteristics and one or more other vehicles also requesting charging. The device may then send instructions to control the vehicle to autonomously move from a current parking spot to the particular charging spot for the scheduled period of time, the instructions precisely aligning the vehicle in the particular charging spot for optimum power transfer based on a charging coil of the vehicle and a respective ground-based charging coil of the particular charging spot. After the scheduled period of time, the device may send additional instructions to control the vehicle to autonomously move out of the particular charging spot.

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is an emerging technology that has proven to be effective for charging vehicles, such as electric vehicles (EVs). In a typical WPT setup for EVs, a ground-based charging coil is supplied power, thereby inducing a current remotely in a second, vehicle-based coil located at the bottom of the EV.
Electric vehicles (EVs), such as cars, buses, trains, and the like, are becoming increasingly more prevalent. To aid in recharging EVs, many parking garages and lots are now equipped with charging stations. Currently, the charging procedure for EVs in parking garages and lots is cumbersome to the EV user and operators of the garages/lots.

Automated vehicle parking and wireless power transfer (WPT) charging