A vehicle wheelchair access system with a platform which includes a right-side vertical arm and a left-side vertical arm, both having elongated supports with a first and second portion. The first portions of the elongated supports are pivotably coupled with the vertical arms, which operate to deploy the platform structure. A moveable platform section is coupled intermediate to the right-side and left-side elongated supports for movement between the first and second portions of the right-side and left-side elongated supports. A linkage connects the moveable platform section for movement with the actuator between a stowed and a deployed orientation.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to wheelchair access systems employing platforms, and more particularly to a wheelchair lift platform structure having stacking platform sections for use in conjunction with a vehicle having a floor from which the system is deployed and stowed to provide an unobstructed view from within the vehicle.
2. Description of the Related Art
Vehicular wheelchair access systems for handicapped persons, such as lifts and ramps, can be mounted on vehicles and made deployable/stowable with respect to the vehicle. Wheelchair users typically move their wheelchair along the lift or ramp platforms in order to transfer from the ground to the vehicle and from the vehicle to the ground using a lift mechanism and platform structure, which may be operated mechanically, electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically, etc. Known wheelchair lift platform structures include solid rigid panels or floors as platform structures that must be stowed away within the vehicle itself. Accordingly, the wheelchair access system is used in conjunction with a portion of the floor space of the vehicle and further may obstruct passageways and restrict the amount of available space within the vehicle.
For handicapped persons, mobility is enhanced with the availability of wheelchair access systems that are powered to provide much or all of the movement of the motorized platform structure. This is particularly useful due to the inconvenience of physical activity by the wheelchair passenger. Such lifts typically have pivotal mechanisms for raising and lowering platform structures, see e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,779 to Goodrich for "Dual Hydraulic, Parallelogram Arm Wheelchair Lift" issued 16 Nov. 1993 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,238,169 to Depuy, et al. for "Dual Function Inboard Barrier/Bridge Plate Assembly for a Wheelchair Lift" issued 29 May 2001 to applicant's assignee. Each of these disclose dual hydraulic, parallelogram arm wheelchair lift assemblies for use typically in commercial vehicles. The lift assembly has a platform connected to a parallelogram linkage. In both of the above assemblies, when the platform of the lift is in a stowed position, the platform essentially blocks the doorway, making it very inconvenient to use the doorway or the windows on the vehicle door. Moreover, the wheelchair access system being fixed on the floor of the vehicle itself may provide limited space and visibility from and within the vehicle.
Other wheelchair lifts that do not completely block the door when in a stored position have been described, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,584 to Braun, et al. for "Rotary Wheelchair Lift" issued 12 May 1987 discloses a rotary hydraulic lift having a vertically-telescoping slide tube and a horizontal wheelchair platform support arm attached to the lower end of the slide tube allowing the platform into or out of the vehicle parallel to the slide tube. However, the platform structure and pivotal mechanism employed in rotatable wheelchair lifts require a substantial amount of space.
Devices known in the prior art have only been partially successful in providing safety, stability and ease of operation in regard to the design of the lift and platform structure. Foldable and multiple section platform assemblies are known to decrease the platform area when not in use. Known examples of platform structures employing hinges between inner and outer platform sections such that the outer section rises and folds against the inner section on the outer side include U.S. Pat. No. 6,379,102 to Kameda for "Wheelchair Lift with Foldable Platform" issued 30 Apr. 2002. A lack of predictability of operation while being folded or unfolded, however, is a substantial disadvantage associated with this type of platform assembly when the platform structure is deployed from its stowed position. For example, in the stowed position the outer platform section, unless properly hooked, can dangle and assume a variety of positions. Roll-stops to prevent the wheelchair passenger or operator from interaction with the lift structural componentry have either not been provided or are not effective. Additionally, exposed rigid linkages may come in contact with the operator or passenger. Such linkages, in addition to being unsightly and annoying, may also present a substantial safety hazard to passengers and operators who come into with them during the operation of the lift.
Moreover, cable systems have a number of other drawbacks, among them being that the cable is difficult to adjust properly and requires frequent readjustments as the cable stretches and tends to lengthen or shorten with temperature. In addition, a cable can fray or break in use and has limited strength. Many previously known lift devices also have a tendency to sway, rotate, jump or bind as the lift is operated, which provides additional potential risk.
To address the growing concern for passengers who are handicapped or otherwise have limited mobility, it would be desirable to provide compact, storable wheelchair access systems that minimize the space they occupy on the floor of the vehicle for storing the lift platform structure while providing for enhanced access to the door and particularly the door window for unobstructed views from within the vehicle.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Wheelchair access system with stacking platform


A customer selects a program in a program display portion 1. A face image pick-up portion 2 picks up a face image of a customer by a fixed camera and a card embossed image pick-up portion 3 picks up a card embossed image of a bank card by an image sensor provided at the insertion portion of the bank card. A service execution portion 4 provides a service selected by the customer such as payment, deposit or transfer of the money. A customer transaction data image processing portion 5 writes customer transaction data into a table and the table is picked up as an image. A journal data synthesizing portion 6 synthesizes the face image, the card embossed image, and the customer transaction data image into a predetermined form. A journal data storing portion 7 stores the synthesized journal data into an HDD provided in the system, and the journal data is periodically recorded in an MO (electronic recording medium).

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electronic journal as a record of transactions in banking facilities and, in particular, relates to an electronic journal preparation system and an electronic journal preparation method.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventionally, it has been common practice in banking facilities to prepare journals and to store these journals on paper for managing personal history backgrounds. As disclosed in detail in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. Hei 5-233925, an electronic management system (that is, management by electronic journal) of the personal history backgrounds is adopted in place of management on paper. It is shown in the above-described Japanese patent application that transaction data in a text format in addition to face image data corresponding to the transaction data for security purposes are recorded in an electronic journal medium. It is also disclosed in another patent application that an embosseded image of a personal card can be recorded instead of the face image data. After revision of the Commercial Law, management by electronic journals was authorized.
As described above, recently, in banking facilities, electronic management (that is, management by electronic journal) has become popular in place of paper management. However, since the transaction data is stored in the text format, a problem arises in that the personal history backgrounds can be easily altered.

Electronic journal preparation system and electronic journal preparation method


This invention is a device (10) for releasing a therapeutic appliance, such as an embolic coil (12) inside an aneurysm (16). The device includes a coupling (24) of a shape memory alloy which is responsive to a change in temperature beyond a predetermined transformation point so as to change the shape of the coupling from a first configuration, wherein the coupling receives and holds the proximal end (72) of the coil, to a second configuration wherein the coil can be released from the coupling. An energy receiver (46) is operably associated with the coupling to heat the coupling to a temperature above the transformation point with laser or electrical energy received from an external source.

The recent growth of non-evasive surgical techniques has generated an increasing demand for devices capable of delivering a wide variety of therapeutic appliances to a specified location inside a patient's body. An embolic coil is one such therapeutic appliance which is released within an aneurysm pouch in a vessel or the like. The coil promotes the formation of a blood clot therein.
One such device for releasing an embolic coil within a vessel aneurysm is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,108,407 to Geremia et al. which includes a connector having a fiber optic receiving end and a embolic coil mounting end. Heat releasable adhesive bonds the coil to the mounting end of the connector. Laser energy transmitted through the fiber optic is converted to heat by the connector to cause the release of the adhesive bond between the connector and the coil and thus the release of the coil from the connector. With this device, there is the risk that melted adhesive may be deposited in a patient's bloodstream.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,916 to Engelson discloses a pusher-vasoocclusive coil assembly that is advanced through a catheter to a selected site within a vessel. The coil has an enlarged ball at its proximal end. The pusher has a keyway at its distal end that receives the ball in interlocking engagement. The pusher and coil are coupled by placing the ball in the keyway and enclosing the coupled assembly within a coaxial sleeve. The coil-pusher-sleeve assembly is positioned at the vessel site and the sleeve is retracted to allow the ball to move out of the keyway to release the pusher and coil.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,304,195 to Twyford, Jr. et al. discloses a pusher-vasoocclusive coil assembly including a coil carrying a ball on its proximal end and a pusher having a wire carrying a ball on its distal end. The pusher and coil are coupled by placing the balls in an overlapping interlocked position and enclosing the coupled assembly within a coaxial sleeve. The coil-pusher-sleeve assembly is then positioned at the site and the sleeve is retracted to allow the balls to move radially relative to one another to disengage and release the pusher and coil.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,354,295 to Guglielmi et al. discloses an embolic coil releasing device wherein a coil is soldered to a wire and separated therefrom at the vessel site either mechanically or by electrolytic separation.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,512,338 to Balko et al. discloses a device including a wire of shape memory alloy which is inserted into a vessel via a catheter while surrounded by insulation means. The insulation means is then removed and the wire expands into a coil configuration so as to occlude the vessel site.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,994,069 to Ritchart et al. discloses a device including a wire having a stretched, linear shape while being advanced through a catheter to a selected vessel and a helical coil shape when released from the catheter.
Despite the above prior art devices, improvements in efficiency and safety are still being sought. The present invention provides an improved therapeutic appliance releasing device which is efficient and safe to use.


To enable configuration and control of a camera at the same time while providing a certain band and low-delay communication for video and/or voice data, a wireless surveillance camera device includes: a signal processing unit that applies signal processing to the video and/or voice data; and a configuration unit that acquires configuration information data related to video parameters and/or wireless parameters in the device, wherein data communication of the video and/or voice data is performed for a wireless base station based on a polling system, and data communication of the configuration information data is performed for the wireless base station based on a carrier sense system.

There are a large number of conventional techniques in which a wireless communication technique is applied to a surveillance camera system (for example, Patent Literature 1 and Patent Literature 2). For example, systems for transmitting a video taken by a surveillance camera through a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) are disclosed in Patent Literature 1 and 2. Furthermore, a system with a QoS (Quality of Service) function in a wireless LAN system using extended MAC (Media Access Control) of IEEE 802.11e is disclosed in Patent Literature 3.
Conventionally, two functions, DCF (Distributed Coordination Access) and PCF (Point Coordination Channel Access) are defined in the MAC of IEEE 802.11 standard. Furthermore, EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) with QoS characteristics obtained by extending the DCF and HCCA (Hybrid coordinated function Controlled Channel Access) obtained by extending the PCF are defined in extended MAC of IEEE 802.11e.
The DCF and the EDCA are systems based on CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access), and contention-based access means is provided to a terminal. The PCF and the HCCA are access methods using a polling system, and contention-free access means is provided to a terminal. A reference scheduling method using the HCCA is also disclosed in the IEEE 802.11e standard.

Wireless surveillance camera system and wireless surveillance camera device


A storage bin comprises a cover panel and a scoop. The cover panel may be slidably or rotatably moved to expose the interior of the storage bin. The scoop is stored internally in the storage bin and is exposed when the cover panel is open. The design of the cover panel provides advantages to consumers by providing a durable and versatile method of access to the contents of the storage bin. The storage of the scoop within the storage bin limits contamination of the scoop during storage and provides easy access to the scoop when the cover panel is open. A reusable labeling surface allows the consumer to conveniently identify a variety of stored items over the storage bin's lifetime.

1. Field of the Disclosure
The present disclosure is generally directed to storage containers, and more particularly, to a storage bin and lid construction.
2. Description of Related Art
Existing storage bins are known that are useful as food or cooking ingredient bins. Some of these types of bins have a cover with a lid construction that can be opened either by sliding the lid rearward or by flipping or pivoting the lid upward. Problems with these types of bins are known to be in the durability and functionality of the existing lid configurations. Currently known bin lids tend to break where the lid pivots and slides. Once broken, the lid becomes very difficult to open and close in any manner.
In addition, a scoop is typically used to remove quantities of the ingredients or other matter stored in the bin. Convenient storage for the scoop is virtually non-existent in current storage bins of this type, except that a user may drop a scoop into the bin interior for the next use. The scoop can be difficult to retrieve from the bin because of the size of the lid opening and/or when the level of the stored material in the bin is low. Also, when the scoop is dropped into the contents of the bin, the handle of the scoop often contacts or sinks below the surface of the bin contents. Retrieval of the scoop often detrimentally results in the user's fingers or hands coming into contact with the bin contents as he or she reaches for the handle. Further, these bins typically do not offer a practical solution for identification (labeling) of the ingredients or material stored in the bin.
The lids of some of these known storage bins provide a user the option of pivoting or rotating the lid upward to an open position, or sliding the lid rearward to an open position. This dual function lid design has to date compromised both opening actions and resulted in lower consumer satisfaction with the products.
Some end users use pre-existing containers for ingredient and other material storage. For example, BRUTE® trash containers and used pickle buckets are often used by consumers to store food ingredients and the like. Also, rotational-molded containers are being sold and used as ingredient bins.

Storage bin with moveable lid and attached scoop


A simple, flexible, convenient method for making silicon phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines by inserting silicon into metal-free phthalocyanines and metal-free naphthalocyanines is provided. The method comprises: providing a metal-free phthalocyanine or metal-free naphthalocyanine; reacting the metal-free phthalocyanine or metal-free naphthalocyanine with HSiCl.sub.3 to provide a reaction product; then reacting the reaction product with water; and extracting a silicon phthalocyanine or a silicon naphthalocyanine. The invention also relates to novel phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines. The phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines are useful as photosensitizers and as dyes.

In the past, silicon phthalocyanines generally have been made by the cyclization of a ring precursor. One such method involves reacting a diiminoisoindoline with a tetrachlorosilane. An example of this route is: ##STR1##
A disadvantage of this method is that it gives byproducts which are difficult to separate. The products are thus difficult to purify. Moreover certain phthalocyanine molecules are difficult, if not impossible, to assemble by this method.

Methods for inserting silicon into phthalocyanines and naphthalocyanines


A coding device and a decoding device are configured to include an estimated prediction mode deciding section including: a reference block selecting section for selecting a reference block for use in estimating an intra-prediction mode for a subject block; an estimating number deciding section for deciding an estimating number of estimated values to be estimated for the intra-prediction mode; and an estimated prediction mode deriving section for estimating, based on a reference block, the estimating number of estimated values of the prediction mode.

In order to efficiently transmit or record a moving image, a moving image coding device for coding a moving image and a moving image decoding device for decoding a moving image are widely used. Typical examples of a moving image coding method encompass a method adopted in H.264/MPEG-4.AVC (Non-patent Literature 1) and a method adopted in KTA software which is a codec for joint development in VCEG (Video Coding Expert Group).
In these coding methods, each of pictures constituting a moving image is managed by a hierarchical structure that is constituted by (i) a slice which is obtained by dividing a picture, (ii) a macroblock which is obtained by dividing the slice, and (iii) a block which is obtained by dividing the macroblock.
The moving image coding device codes a moving image per block. Specifically, the moving image coding device performs (1) DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) transformation of a prediction residual for each block, which prediction residual is obtained by subtracting a predicted image from an original image, (2) quantization of a DCT coefficient which is obtained from the DCT transformation, and (3) a variable length coding of the DCT coefficient thus quantized. In general, reduction of an amount of codes is possible by performing, not for an original image but for a prediction residual, the DCT transformation, quantization, and variable length coding.
The moving image coding device generates the above-mentioned predicted image on the basis of a locally decoded image which is obtained by performing inverse quantization and inverse DCT transformation of the DCT coefficient that has been quantized. As methods for generating the predicted image, there are inter-screen prediction (inter prediction) and intra-screen prediction (intra prediction). In the moving image coding device, a prediction method to be used is selected for each macroblock. Note that because the present invention relates to intra prediction, the following discusses a case where the intra prediction is selected and used, and explanations on a process regarding the inter prediction is omitted here.
Meanwhile, the moving image decoding device decodes a moving image per block. Specifically, the moving image decoding device obtains a decoded image, by performing (1) decoding of a DCT coefficient which has been subjected to variable length coding and quantization, (2) inverse quantization of the DCT coefficient that is obtained by the decoding, and (3) adds, to a predicted image, a prediction residual which is obtained by inverse DCT transformation per block. A method for generating the predicted image in the moving image decoding device is identical with that in the moving image coding device.
The moving image coding device and the moving image decoding device of the conventional art each use a value that is called an intra-prediction mode (hereinafter, simply referred to as prediction mode), for generating an intra-prediction image per block. The prediction mode for a subject block has a value associated with one estimated value that is estimated from an adjacent block neighboring the subject block (Non-patent Literature 1). The estimated value is called an estimated prediction mode. The moving image coding device codes the value of the prediction mode by use of the estimated prediction mode. Similarly, the moving image decoding device decodes, by use of the estimated prediction mode, the prediction mode from coded data which is generated by the moving image coding device. In a case where the estimated prediction mode is identical with an actual prediction mode, coding is performed in such a way that a code length is shorter than that in a case where the actual prediction mode is directly coded.
In recent years, to cope with a higher definition of a digital image today, coding by use of a larger macroblock has been attempted. Moreover, in order to perform more precise intra prediction for a large macroblock, it has been attempt to increase a total number of prediction modes by fractionalized prediction directions. (b) of FIG. 14 is a view illustrating 32 types of prediction directions as a specific example of multiple directional predictions. For example, in a technique disclosed in Non-patent Literature 2, it is possible to employ a prediction mode that involves (i) more processing units (blocks) as compared to Non-patent Literature 1 and (ii) multiple directional predictions in more directions which are similar to those shown in (b) of FIG. 14. In particular, for respective blocks dimensions of which are 16.times.16 and 32.times.32, a total number M of the prediction modes=33.

Decoding device, encoding device, decoding method, encoding method, and non-transitory computer readable recording medium


A dynamic vibration absorber comprises a movable portion including a movable weight portion, a movable portion magnet assembly provided with a movable inside magnet and a movable outside magnet which are mounted to the movable weight portion through a yoke so as to alternately provide different magnetic poles, a fixed portion fixed to an object to be damped, a fixed portion magnet assembly provided with a fixed portion inside magnet and a fixed portion outside magnet mounted to the fixed portion through a yoke so that the fixed portion magnet assembly has magnetic poles different from those of the movable portion magnet in opposed positions, respectively, and a conductor plate disposed in a gap defined between the fixed portion magnet assembly and the movable portion magnet assembly.

The present invention relates to a dynamic vibration absorber capable of suppressing vibrations in horizontal two-dimensional directions of a target or object structure.
Generally, a dynamic vibration absorber includes an additional weight portion which is subjected to a force of inertia by vibrations, a rigidity element for generating a reaction force to the inertia force applied to the additional weight portion and a damping element for absorbing vibration energy.
A conventional dynamic vibration absorber is constructed such that vibrations in a specified direction of an object structure are suppressed by vibrating an additional weight portion. Hence, if there are a plurality of directions in which vibrations are to be controlled, the vibration controlling equipment must contain the same number of dynamic vibration absorbers as that of directions of vibrations.
One example of the conventional dynamic vibration absorber will be described with reference to FIGS. 28A and 28B.
In FIGS. 28A and 28B, an object structure 301 to be damped placed on a floor 300 has two vibration directions of the x- and y- axis. On the object structure 301 are placed two dynamic vibration absorbers 302 corresponding to the directions of the vibrations. Each of the dynamic vibration absorbers 302 is locked to a locking structure 305. In each of the dynamic vibration absorbers, an additional weight portion 302a is supported by both a rigidity element 303 and a damping element 304.
In each of the dynamic vibration absorbers 302, when vibrations are generated in the object structure 301, the damping elements 304 reduce vibration energy while the rigidity elements 303 apply reaction forces to the force of inertial generated in the additional weight portions 302a. Thus, the dynamic vibration absorbers 302 provide the damping effect for the vibrations in the x- and y-axis directions, respectively. In other words, in the conventional dynamic vibration absorbers, the single dynamic vibration absorber is provided to surpress vibration in one direction, that is, one for the horizontal direction and the other for the vertical direction as in FIG. 28B.
In the conventional dynamic vibration absorbers of the structure described above, there is no problem in a case where there is a large space for installation of the dynamic vibration absorbers and a plurality of dynamic vibration absorbers can be hence provided in a large object structure, such as a building. However, where there is a limitation to the installation space for the dynamic vibration absorbers and where damping in a plurality of directions is required, as in a machinery, it is difficult to adequately install the vibration controlling devices having a conventional structure in which the directions of a vibrations of the additional weight portions are determined.


A single-fault tolerant DC-to-DC converter having an output voltage clamp is capable of sourcing current to and sinking current from a load while maintaining a well regulated secondary bus voltage V.sub.bus. The clamp is disabled when the DC-to-DC converter is sourcing current so that all of the current is delivered to the load and is enabled when V.sub.bus exceeds a clamp set point voltage V.sub.clamp to sink the excess current and clamp V.sub.bus at V.sub.clamp. To provide single fault tolerance, the clamp includes a fault detection clamp element that is controlled by the DC-to-DC converter so that they operate mutually exclusively and a regulator clamp element whose resistance is set in a negative feedback control loop so that, when the fault protection clamp element is activated, both clamp elements sink the excess current and control the secondary bus voltage.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to DC-to-DC converters and more specifically to a DC-to-DC converter having a single-fault tolerant clamp for sinking excess current generated by motor-generator loads.
2. Description of the Related Art
Electrical systems typically have a primary bus that provides a well regulated supply voltage. Often times, this voltage is generated externally and routed to the primary bus. Alternately, the primary voltage may be generated on board the particular electrical system. For example, spacecraft employ large solar arrays to generate the supply voltage.
These electrical systems typically include a variety of subsystems, i.e. loads, that operate from different supply voltages. Therefore, the primary voltage must be converted to one or more secondary supply voltages, which should exhibit minimal ripple and be insensitive to changes in load current. The mechanism for making this conversion is called a DC-to-DC converter, which receives the primary voltage and sources current to supply the load connected to a particular secondary bus while regulating the secondary bus voltage. If the bus voltage should fall too low, one or more of the loads may degrade or turn off completely. Similarly, if the bus voltage should increase too much, one or more of the loads may become damaged.
One type of DC-to-DC converter is called a switching regulator. A transistor operated as a saturated switch periodically applies the full primary voltage across an inductor for short intervals. As the inductance builds up, energy is stored in the inductor's magnetic field and then transferred to a filter cap that smooths the secondary bus voltage. An error amplifier compares the secondary bus voltage to a set point voltage and outputs a voltage control signal. The control signal is compared to a ramp voltage, which incorporates the present amount of source current, to control the pulse width that is applied to the transistor.
The pulse width determines the amount of current sourced by the switching regulator to regulate the secondary bus voltage. As a result, when the loads collectively demand additional current the bus voltage dips temporarily, which causes the control loop to drive the regulator harder to source more current and pull the bus voltage up to the set point. Similarly, when the loads collectively demand less current the bus voltage rises temporarily which reduces the control signal causing the switching regulator to source less current and maintain regulation. The well known "fly-back" topology is one type of switching regulator that is simple, low power and provides excellent primary-to-secondary bus isolation.
In any given application, a particular secondary bus may supply a number of loads such as amplifiers that exclusively consume power, i.e. sink current. A motor-generator type load such as a reaction wheel used for satellite attitude control or momentum wheels consumes power (sinks current) from the secondary bus when motor speed is increasing and generates power (sources current) when motor speed is reduced. Systems that include motor-generator type loads have the potential of imparting energy back into the DC-to-DC converter, which would cause the secondary bus voltage to increase rapidly. This may cause electrical overstress to other loads connected to the secondary bus.
To avoid this potentially catastrophic problem, known bus architectures are designed such that the maximum sourcing capacity of the motor-generator type loads is less than the fixed amount of current sunk by other loads. Thus, as the motor-generator loads source more current, the DC-to-DC converter can reduce the amount of current it sources thereby maintaining a proper current balance and regulating the secondary bus voltage. If this design criteria were violated and if the total current sourced by the motor-generator loads were to exceed the total current sunk by the other loads then, since the most known DC-to-DC converters can do is to stop sourcing current, the excess current would be driven back into the output of the DC-to-DC converter causing the secondary bus voltage to increase.

DC to DC converter with a single-fault tolerant clamp


A composition for reducing phytotoxicity of benzoic derivatives of esters of phenyl acetic acid or dimethyl benzyl carbonyl acetate is formed by combining the repellent in an aqueous solution with a an anionic surfactant or emulsifier, such as a salt of a fatty acid. The resulting solution can be applied to surfaces of bird edible materials that are to be protected from bird depredation or utilized directly in an associated water system. The solution forms a film on the surfaces of the bird edible materials. The resulting film reduces the normal degradation of the repellent when exposed to sunlight and its phytotoxicity.

The transmission of diseases and damage to man-made structures as well as crops by birds is well known and documented. Substances that are obnoxious, offensive, repugnant, revulsive or otherwise repulsive to birds have been known for a number of years. Some of these substances have been tried, with varying degrees of success, as bird repellents on assorted crops, feeds and surfaces.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,967,128 to Kare discloses a number of derivatives of anthranilic acid esters and esters of phenyl acetic acid which are proposed as taste repellents for birds. U.S. Pat. No. 4,790,990 to Mason et al. (which lists Kare as a coinventor) discloses a combination that encapsulates these repellents in starch matrices that are then added to livestock feed to reduce its consumption by birds.
The preferred repellents disclosed by Kare are water insoluble dimethyl anthranilate, methyl anthranilate, ethyl anthranilate, phenyl ethyl anthranilate, menthyl anthranilate, and dimethyl benzyl carbonyl acetate. Kare proposes the dispersal of these repellents by using organic solvents and liquid or solid carriers. The Mason et al. disclosure is directed to partial entrapment of the repellents in edible solid vehicles, such as modified food starches.
A number of serious problems have been encountered in attempted experiments following the disclosed information provided by the Kare patent. They would preclude the use and application of these repellents to agricultural crops. These include the continued insolubility of the active ingredients in water, their toxicity to plants (phytotoxicity), their extremely short life span under sunlight, and the attractiveness of these chemical agents to insects.
The insolubility of dimethyl and methyl anthranilate in water was the first major problem encountered. When combined with the solvents and synthetic surfactants described in the patent neither dimethyl or methyl anthranilate, the two most common anthranilic derivatives available for commercial use, remained soluble when mixed with water, which is the preferred medium for commercial applications of pesticides. Large quantities of one or two gallons of these pesticides were difficult to combine with two or four hundred gallons of water in commercial sprayers. The anthranilic oils would either separate into globules, form a film on the water surface, adhere to the walls of the metal tanks or destroy the plastic hoses. Precipitates quickly formed once agitation was stopped and were difficult to reincorporate into the water. When applied to a crop, spots of anthranilic oil were left on the plant surfaces rather than forming an even protective coating.
Plant toxicity (phytotoxicity) with both dimethyl and methyl anthranilate were immediately noted in experimental efforts using materials and techniques that followed the Kare disclosures. This is not in itself surprising, since these chemicals have recognized herbicidal properties. Brown spots appeared within twenty minutes after application where either of the anthranilates touched the leaf or fruit surfaces at 2500 parts per million (ppm) concentration rates. All of the leaves and plants on the plants immediately turned brown when the application rate was doubled. Tests conducted to determine the upper ranges of phytotoxicity indicated that the concentration limits for the repellents were far below that needed to repel birds from the tested crops.
The efficacy of both dimethyl and methyl anthranilate in reducing bird depredation of crops, as described by Kare, was also observed to be limited. Birds, when observed in confinement and in the field, readily returned to the crop or food source on the fourth day after application. It was hypothesized that the characteristic odor or flavor, associated with either compound, was not detected by the birds.
A series of tests were developed to prove this theory. In the first experiment, conducted under laboratory conditions, the results indicated that the compounds decompose within sixty-four hours when exposed to ultraviolet light. Moreover, the addition of solvents increased the volatility of the anthranilates and, in some cases, may have contributed to the phytotoxic properties. Some organic solvents can also be toxic to humans and animals feeding on the harvested treated crops.
In an experiment designed to separate the effects of ultraviolet light from the light spectrum and to assess its impact on the anthranilates, a series of petri dishes containing either methyl anthranilate or methyl anthranilate combined with potassium salts of fatty acids were placed in the out-of-doors. The results showed unequivocally that ultraviolet light is the primary factor that causes the methyl anthranilate to lose its primary odor and taste repellent properties.
The research leading to this disclosure showed that the addition of anionic surfactants or emulsifiers, such as alkyl metal salts of fatty acids or naturally occurring soaps, alleviates this problem of low solubility in water. This is accomplished by forming a consistent emulsion that suspends the repellent in an aqueous solution without separation or precipitation during the application process.
By combining them with natural soaps, the acceptable upper range of concentration of the active repellents was increased by a factor of 15 to 65 on the plants tested. Furthermore this addition greatly extended the life of the repellent properties of the compositions by 150%, to a total of ten days.
The use of encapsulation, as disclosed by the Mason et al. patent, was explored but discarded. Encapsulation eliminates volatility, an important discovery of this patent disclosure. It also precludes the adhesion of either dimethyl or methyl anthranilate directly to the surface of the object to be protected unless additional adhesive agents are added to the formulation. Use of adhesive agents is an alternative which is cost prohibitive for commercial applications of these repellents.
In experiments developed to determine the response of birds to dimethyl and methyl anthranilate treated fruits, grains, water, perches and nests it was discovered that the fragrances or aromas may be more repulsive than taste. Birds presented with both treated and untreated fruits, grains and water for the first time initially fed or drank from both for a short period, generally less than two minutes, before abandoning the treated samples. When reintroduced in reverse order the birds refused to touch the treated materials even though they had not fed or drank from the containers for several hours. The addition of untreated food on suspended screens above the treated materials, elicited the same results. No foods were eaten as long as the anthranilic odors could be detected by the birds. Birds would also not return to perches treated with the compounds until the odor of the active repellents had dissipated.
It was also discovered that insects are readily attracted to dimethyl and methyl anthranilate. Crops relatively free of insects were quickly reinfested after being treated with either material. The addition of soaps, however, reduced this problem.
Bird repellents designed to reduce depredation over a large area must be applied in an aqueous medium with power assisted equipment. Dimethyl and methyl anthranilate, to this point, have required that they be solubilized with organic solvents and emulsifiers or surfactants before they are placed in an aqueous medium. This, in turn, has created further dispensing problems. Distribution is difficult because the repellents agglomerate as globules or precipitate within the aqueous medium used as the dispensing agent. The resulting concentration of the repellent leaves an uneven layer of repellent on treated surfaces and can discolor, burn and kill treated plants. Experimental treatments of dimethyl and methyl anthranilates on cherries, blueberries and grapes, resulted in spotty coverage and serious plant injury. The repellents attracted unwanted insects and required repeated applications every four to five days to be effective. Application with the unique formulations, herein described, greatly enhanced the repellency characteristics of the anthranilates.
This invention discloses a novel formulation that eliminates or reduces the above described problems. The combination of materials disclosed herein produces a uniform application solution, extends the useful life of the repellent, eliminates plant phytotoxicity within prescribed application rates, and reduces insect reinfestations.
The use of certain fatty acids as biodegradable insecticides is well-known in the literature. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,870,102 to Puritch et al. describes a composition and method of killing mites with a mixture of salts of fatty acids and alcohol.


A method for forming a semiconductor device includes providing a semiconductor body which has a main surface and a first n-type semiconductor region, forming a trench which extends from the main surface into the first n-type semiconductor region, and forming a dielectric layer having fixed negative charges on a surface of the trench, by performing at least one atomic layer deposition using an organometallic precursor.

Many functions of modern devices in automotive, consumer and industrial applications such as converting electrical energy and driving an electric motor or an electric machine rely on semiconductor devices. It is often desirable that the semiconductor devices operate reliably over a long period. A long term high reliability of semiconductor devices is also often expected in consumer electronics, for example in high fidelity audio amplifier circuits. The characteristics of power semiconductor devices such as power transistors used in the amplifier circuit affect the performance of the circuit. It is therefore often desired to prevent or at least delay any degradation of the characteristics such as threshold voltage, blocking voltage, switching time, switching characteristics or amplification.
In particular power semiconductor devices are typically exposed to high loads during operation. For example, a power semiconductor device such as a power IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) operating in a power converter or as a driver or switch of an electric motor may be exposed to high currents while sweeping-out the excess charge and/or voltages during switching or an operating cycle. In such an event, hot charge carriers, typically hot electrons may be generated in high electric field regions. However, when the hot carriers are injected into a dielectric layer or a field dielectric of the IGBT, degradation of transistor characteristics and even complete device failure may occur.
These effects can also occur outside the active area of power semiconductor devices. Hot carrier injection has also been found to be a reliability risk for edge termination structures in power semiconductor devices. The observed drift of the blocking capability has been attributed to hot electrons which are injected into the dielectric region of edge termination field plates. As the likelihood of hot carrier induced degradation or deterioration of device properties increases with decreasing device dimension, hot-electron-induced degradation is also known to impose limits on the scaling of dielectrics.
In addition, hot-electron-induced degradation of semiconductor devices can often only be detected in sophisticated long-term reliability tests such as high temperature reverse bias tests.
With appropriately poled field plates and/or doped regions the field strength close to the dielectric regions may be reduced. These measures are however not always feasible and impose design restrictions. For example, using an additional n-doped semiconductor region below a p-doped body region of a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) or IGBT results in a reduced blocking voltage.
For these and other reasons there is a need for the present invention.

Method for forming a power semiconductor device


A retractable wheel and/or track drive assembly for an amphibian comprising an actuator, a retraction linkage assembly movable between a protracted position and a retracted position, a suspension assembly at least partially connected to the retraction linkage assembly and movable between a protracted position and a retracted position, and at least one wheel and/or track drive, wherein when the retraction linkage assembly and the suspension assembly are protracted then the retraction linkage and/or suspension assembly supports and/or holds at least one wheel and/or track drive in a ground engaging position for use on land.

The present invention relates to a retractable wheel assembly particularly suitable for use in an amphibian capable of travel on land and water. More particularly, the retractable wheel assembly is suitable for use in a high speed amphibian which is capable of planing on water and high speed travel on land (on or off-road, in two or four wheel drive). Whilst a wheel is referred to, track drives or individual track drives (i.e. to replace a single wheel) may be used as an alternative or in combination with wheels. The present invention also relates to an amphibian comprising such a retractable wheel assembly.
Retractable wheel assemblies for use in amphibians are known in the art. These retractable wheel assemblies are typically used to lift wheels to reduce drag when operating the amphibian on water. Many of these known wheel retraction systems are complicated and/or provide poor suspension when the vehicle is used on land. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,755,173 describes the use for each wheel of a transversely-extending single arm which swings upwardly around a longitudinal axis of the vehicle. This results in compromised suspension on land, as there is too much camber change on bump and on rebound. WO02/16152 describes a trailing arm suspension. This gives zero camber change to the wheel when one side of the car loads up during cornering. This provides for poor road holding when on land. U.S. Pat. No. 3,755,838 also describes a trailing arm suspension. This again provides poor road holding on land.
More recently, however, the applicant has developed retractable wheel assemblies for use in a new class of high speed amphibians having at least one retractable wheel and which are capable of planing on water. The retractable wheel assemblies include retractable suspension assemblies and provide for improved suspension and thus road handling when the amphibian is operated on land.
The remains, however, a need to improve on these prior art retractable wheel assemblies by providing for increased wheel retraction in marine mode, yet improve upon the ground clearance in land mode to provide more flexibility and utility in terms of the off-road capability for use of a high speed amphibian on land. The need to retract and protract wheel assemblies reliably in a manner that can deal with extremes of normal and shock loading with off-road use, particularly in a large and/or heavily loaded amphibian, presents significant problems in terms of suspension performance, ground clearance, packaging, weight distribution and also in terms of how the resulting power transmission pathways and steering can be realised and effected.

Retractable wheel assembly for an amphibian


A multi-vehicle surveillance system includes vehicles that sense alarm-triggering events and activate various surveillance devices that can best capture data relating to the alarm-triggering events. The surveillance devices are activated based on the location and other information relating to the vehicle where the alarm-triggering event is sensed.

Vehicle alarm systems have become commonplace for consumers, although their value is limited because so many false positive alarms are triggered and nothing more than the alarm sounding occurs when the alarm is triggered. A growing trend in the auto industry is integrating electronic devices within a car like a global positioning system (GPS), digital video display (DVD) players, tablets, in-vehicle entertainment systems, and the like. These features are attractive for criminals to steal. However, with alarm systems having limited success in deterring criminals from damaging a vehicle or stealing items from a vehicle, these electronic devices and vehicles in general are left largely exposed to the risk of criminal activity.
Further, when a vehicle alarm is triggered because a crime has occurred, little, if any, evidence or data is documented to help create a record of the incident for law enforcement, insurance companies, and others. While the alarm system sounds an alarm that the crime has occurred, law enforcement often take several minutes or longer to arrive at the scene to investigate the crime, if at all, which gives the criminal ample time to escape without being identified. In some environments, such as a parking garage or other property, owners sometimes place security cameras in various locations in hopes of preventing crime on their property. These systems are expensive to install and maintain, time-consuming to monitor, and inefficient at providing photos or video at the best angle for catching criminal (or simply unwanted or unauthorized) activity on their property. Because they often fail to capture useful information about an incident when it occurs, their value is also limited.


A collapsible stand includes a base frame, a first supporting frame pivotally connected to the base frame, a first supporting unit pivotally connected between the base frame and the first supporting frame, a second supporting frame pivotally connected to the first supporting frame, a second supporting unit pivotally connected between the base frame and the second supporting frame. When operating the base frame, the second supporting frame is able to be extended away from the first supporting frame, and it is easily operating the collapsible stand from a collapsed position to an extended position; or the second supporting frame is able to be received toward the first supporting frame to a collapsed position by lifting up the first supporting frame.

For providing portability to conventional machine tools/power tools (i.e. table saws), conventional stands for supporting said machine tools are often provided with a collapsible structure for allowing the machine tools to be conveniently transported and used in a variety of different work sites.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,942,229, 5,560,582, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0199768A1 disclosed various collapsible stands. Additionally, the Applicant's prior Taiwan Invention Patent No. 1311520 disclosed a Supporting Stand for Machine Tools which includes a supporting platform adapted to support a machine tool, a pair of first legs pivotally disposed on one lateral side of the supporting platform, a pair of second legs pivotally disposed on another lateral side of the supporting platform and each of the second legs has one end pivotally and respectively connected with the first legs, a pair of resilient members respectively sleeved on the second legs; and a securing unit. The securing unit includes a handle slidably disposed on the supporting platform, two link members pivotally connected with the handle, two coupling members pivotally and respectively connected to the two link members, and two spring members disposed between the two coupling members and the supporting platform respectively. When the supporting stand is in an extended position, pulling the handle will drive the link members to pivotally rotate, the two link members will drive the coupling members to linearly approach each other, such that end tips of the link members are disengaged from the second legs for allowing the second legs to slide along a pair of sleeve members respectively such that the supporting stand is folded.
The aforementioned supporting stands are able to support the machine tool, and can be easily extended and can be easily stored when not in use. Therefore, in view of the functionality and increasing demands for the supporting stands, the present disclosure has arisen.


A table saw having various embodiments of a measurement and display system. Several embodiments have at least one fence rail on which a removable fence is movably supported and comprise an elongated sensor strip that is located adjacent the fence rail and a sensing unit that is supported and positioned adjacent to the sensor strip and is capable of providing an electrical signal to a display unit that is indicative of the position of the sensor unit relative to the elongated sensor strip. A processing unit is operatively connected to the sensing unit and display unit to provide a digital readout of the position of the sensing unit. A switch is connected to the processing unit and is adapted to provide a zero or reference setting position.

Table saws of the type which have a circular cutting blade are well known and have been used by tradesmen and woodworkers for decades. Because they have a generally flat surface, large and small boards as well as plywood sheets can be cut to the appropriate size by typically setting a fence at the appropriate position to perform a cut along a desired line which is done by pushing the board or sheet across the tabletop and through the blade. Typically, the fence is adjustable by sliding along an elongated rail anchored at opposite ends of the table saw top, with the fence having a clamping mechanism to lock the fence once it has been placed in the desired position. Most users, when they know the width of the desired board will use a tape measure or other measure to position the fence to obtain the desired width by measuring between the edge of the blade to the fence. After the fence is in position, it is locked in place and users typically remeasure the distance to make sure that they have the fence in the correct position.
While the manual measurement and setting of the position of the fence is the manner in which the fence has been positioned by most users over the years, in some instances it is highly desirable to have very accurate measurements which may be difficult depending upon the type of measuring device is being used. Most tape measures, for example, do not have accurate measurements beyond a 1/32 of an inch or less. Also, if the fence is moved during other types of cuts, it is not possible to reset the fence at exactly the same position that was used for a prior cut without going through the complete exercise again. If the user does not remember the prior cut distance, then additional measurements of a work-piece may be necessary in order to obtain the distance which must then be used to correctly position the fence.

Table saw having a measurement and display system


A method and apparatus for fault analysis and fault isolation in a system of networked processors by using a central event correlation function and logical fault signature to provide for fault isolation of failed processing elements is presented. This central event correlation method uses asynchronous events from multiple input sources of same and different technologies and time-based fault correlation and ageing to match unique fault signatures and determine levels of fault recovery escalation over time. This mechanism uses an event driven recovery table to recognize a unique fault signature, count and age faults, provide fault threshold based recovery and generate events as needed to drive recovery escalation.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for time-based event correlation using logical event triggers for fault management of distributed processing elements. While the invention is particularly directed to the art of telecommunications, and will be thus described with specific reference thereto, it will be appreciated that the invention may have usefulness in other fields and applications.
By way of background, a major contribution to unplanned downtime in the field of telecommunications is lack of fault coverage. The ability to isolate and recover faults is a customer need and a major differentiator in the market. While standards address interfaces, they do not address implementation. As MSC-based and ISP-based networks evolve, elimination of unplanned downtime will be required. Integration of third party hardware and software will increase to drive costs down. The need to perform event driven fault management between such commercial elements in a running system is essential to meet the unplanned downtime needs of the end user.
Previously, platforms used single fault events to alarm a fault and control the recovery on a processing element. This was first applied at the chassis system level or in a host processor in the chassis where faults can be received, typically via a heartbeat mechanism or over a bus on the backplane. This approach relies on a single input event to determine a fault. The event itself can be part of a fault. Prior art modified this by having a single central function collect, count and threshold events to perform recovery. These approaches do not use an event correlation window (time-based window) nor do they allow for parallel time-based event correlation functions to determine the appropriate fault isolation and recovery of components in the system. This is due to the prior art not separating fault detection time needed to trigger application recovery from the time needed for fault isolation, alarming and self-healing (auto repair) operations in the same system.
What is needed, therefore, are event correlation functions that utilize an event correlation window to collect and analyze a larger set of input events over a time period (from multiple sources) to perform fault isolation and self-healing (auto repair) in the system to maximize system availability.

Method and apparatus for time-based event correlation


A mounting system for use in combination with a vehicle visor which is movable between a storage position and first and second use positions. A mounting bracket is provided which is adapted to be affixed to the vehicle for supporting the visor. The mounting bracket has an immovable pivot shaft extending therefrom. A block cooperating with the mounting bracket is provided to enable pivotal movement of the block and the visor relative to the pivot shaft between a storage position and a first use position. The block also enables pivotal movement of the visor relative to the block between the first use position and a second use position.

Sun visors have been standard equipment on motor vehicles for many years. Generally, these visors are mounted to the upper interior surface of a vehicle by a mounting bracket, which secures the visor to the upper outside corner of the driver/passenger's compartment. Conventional visors may be pivoted from a retracted storage position overlaying the headliner of a vehicle to a lowered use position overlaying the windshield. In addition, the visor may be pivotable between the lowered use position overlaying the windshield to a side position overlaying an adjacent side window.
Traditionally, visors have been pivotable in a first plane about the pivot shaft between the retracted storage position and the extended use position. Visors have also been pivotable about a second plane between the windshield and the adjacent side window by pivoting with the pivot shaft relative to the mounting bracket. Examples of this approach to pivoting in a first and second plane may be seen in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,825,926, 4,148,519, 4,610,477, 4,489,974, 4,925,233, 5,011,211 and 5,011,213.
An alternative approach is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,176,875 to Dow which utilizes a conventional mounting bracket having a pivot shaft which is pivoted in a first plane between the windshield and an adjacent side window. A pivot member is attached to the pivot shaft. The pivot member has a second pivot shaft support rod about which the visor may be pivoted in a second plane between the retracted storage position and the extended use position. The pivot member also pivots in a third plane about an axis generally perpendicular to the support rod. In this configuration, a pivot member having an additional support rod is attached to an existing mounting bracket having a pivot shaft to provide an additional degree of freedom about which the visor may rotate.
The present invention is directed to improving known mounting systems for use with vehicle visors.


An epitaxial wafer for a GaP pure green light emitting diode includes an n-type single crystal GaP substrate formed in order thereon with a first n-type GaP epitaxial layer, a second n-type GaP epitaxial layer and a p-type GaP epitaxial layer. The p-type GaP epitaxial layer has a sulfur concentration of not greater than 1.times.10.sup.17 cm.sup.31 3, the second n-type GaP epitaxial layer has a carrier concentration on a side thereof interfacing with the p-type GaP epitaxial layer of 0.5-5.times.10.sup.17 cm.sup.-3, and the p-type GaP epitaxial layer has a carrier concentration on a side thereof interfacing with the second n-type GaP epitaxial layer that is 1-10.times.10.sup.17 cm.sup.-3 and is not less than twice the carrier concentration of the second n-type GaP epitaxial layer on the side thereof interfacing with the p-type GaP epitaxial layer. A GaP pure green light-emitting diode exhibiting high brightness includes the epitaxial wafer, an n-type electrode provided on a back surface of the single crystal substrate and a p-type electrode provided on the upper surface of the p-type GaP epitaxial layer.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an epitaxial wafer for GaP (gallium phosphide) pure green light-emitting diode and to a GaP pure green light-emitting diode fabricated using the epitaxial wafer.
2. Description of the Prior Art
GaP has a relatively large band gap of around 2.26 eV, corresponding to the green wavelength, and is therefore used as a material for greenish light-emitting diodes. Since GaP is an indirect transition semiconductor, its light-emitting efficiency is ordinarily increased by doping the n-type GaP epitaxial layer forming the p-n junction with nitrogen, which functions as light-emitting centers.
As the light emitted by this diode has a wavelength of about 565-570 nm, however, its color is yellowish-green.
Unlike this yellowish-green light-emitting diode, another known light-emitting diode achieves pure green light emission in the 555-560 nm wavelength range by direct recombination of electrons and holes, without doping the n-type GaP epitaxial layer forming the p-n junction and constituting the light-emitting layer with nitrogen or other impurity to function as light-emitting centers. The general structure of the epitaxial wafer for this GaP pure green light-emitting diode is shown in FIG. 1. Reference numeral 1 in FIG. 1 designates an n-type single crystal GaP substrate, 2 a first n-type GaP epitaxial layer, 3 a second n-type GaP epitaxial layer not doped with nitrogen, and 4 a p-type GaP epitaxial layer. Reference numeral 5 designates a substrate constituted of the n-type single crystal GaP substrate 1 and the first n-type GaP epitaxial layer 2 formed thereon.
This epitaxial wafer for a pure green light-emitting diode is generally fabricated by impurity overcompensation liquid-phase epitaxial growth. An example of this fabrication method utilizing the well-known sliding boat method is briefly explained in the following.
The substrate 5 ordinarily used consists of the n-type single crystal GaP substrate 1 and the n-type GaP epitaxial layer (first n-type GaP epitaxial layer) 2 formed thereon as a buffer layer.
The substrate 5 formed with the first n-type GaP epitaxial layer 2 (buffer layer) is set in the substrate holder of the boat, and the Ga metal and GaP polycrystal for forming the epitaxial growth melt are placed in the melt container. The slide boat is inserted into an epitaxial growth furnace with the substrate and epitaxial growth melt still separated. The furnace is heated to a prescribed level of around 1000.degree. C. in a stream of hydrogen to melt the GaP polycrystal into the Ga metal to the point of saturation. At this time, sulfur is added to the epitaxial growth melt by, for example, simultaneously passing a prescribed amount of H.sub.2 S gas together with the hydrogen stream. Other methods of sulfur addition are also available, including that of adding sulfur or a sulfur compound directly to the epitaxial growth melt.
After the epitaxial growth melt has stood long enough to become uniform, the substrate holder of the slide boat and the melt container are slid to guide the epitaxial growth melt onto the substrate. The melt and the substrate are then gradually cooled to about 900.degree. C. to grow the second n-type GaP epitaxial layer 3. The second n-type GaP epitaxial layer 3 includes sulfur as a dopant but is not doped with nitrogen.
With the temperature maintained, zinc is supplied to the epitaxial growth melt from a gas phase, for instance, in an amount sufficient to impart the epitaxial growth melt with p-type conductivity by compensating the sulfur therein.
Gradual cooling to a temperature of about 800.degree. C. is then effected to grow the p-type GaP epitaxial layer 4.
When the growth is complete, the substrate and the epitaxial growth melt are separated and cooled to normal room temperature. A light-emitting diode fabricated from the epitaxial wafer obtained in this way emits pure green light with a peak wavelength around 555-560 nm.
In this GaP pure green light-emitting diode, either the p-type layer or the n-type layer can be made the light-emitting layer by appropriately selecting the carrier concentration of the p-type layer and the n-type layer in the p-n junction section. Specifically, the n-type layer becomes the light-emitting layer when the carrier concentration on the side of the p-type layer interfacing with the n-type layer is made higher than the carrier concentration on the side of the n-type layer interfacing with the p-type layer and the p-type layer becomes the light-emitting layer when the carrier concentration on the side of the n-type layer interfacing with the p-type layer is made higher than the carrier concentration on the side of the p-type layer interfacing with the n-type layer.
The purity of the light emitted by the aforesaid pure green light emitting diode is superior to that emitted by the yellowish green light-emitting diode and the light color is more appealing. Since it does not use nitrogen as light emission centers, however, it is lower in brightness than the yellowish green light-emitting diode. Higher brightness is therefore required to melt the demands of the market.
Methods for increasing the brightness of a pure green light emitting diode include, for example, that taught by Japanese Patent Public Disclosure 59-22376 (hereinafter JP-A 59-22376). In this method, brightness is heightened by using the impurity compensation method with reducing the donor concentration in the p-type Gap. However, the increased brightness afforded by this and other prior-art methods is not sufficient to satisfy increasingly severe user requirements.
One object of this invention is to provide an epitaxial wafer for fabricating GaP pure green light emitting diodes with greatly enhanced emission brightness wherein an n-type epitaxial layer forming a p-n junction to function as a light-emitting layer is not doped with impurity functioning as light-emitting centers such as nitrogen.
Another object of the invention is to provide a GaP pure green light-emitting diode fabricated using the epitaxial wafer.

Epitaxial wafer for GaP pure green light-emitting diode and GaP pure green light-emitting diode


An antimicrobial composition comprising:

Compositions providing good and long-lasting antimicrobial benefits can leave streaks and marks, negatively impacting on the shine of the surface treated. Equally, compositions providing good shine do not seem good at providing antimicrobial benefits. Surfaces treated with some compositions can be left with a poor shine profile and a sticky/tacky surface that connotes lack of cleanliness to the user. This can be more acute with compositions that do not require rinsing.
Another challenge is to provide compositions that can be loaded on substrates, such as wipes to use as cleaning implements. Some compositions are either unsuitable to be keep on a substrate or adhere to the substrate too well and not to the surface to be cleaned.
Therefore, a need remains for a composition providing antimicrobial benefits, especially long-lasting antimicrobial benefits which at the same time does not leave visible residues on the surface and does not negatively affect the gloss and shine of the surface. There is also a need to provide a composition that is suitable to be used on substrates such as wipes.

Antimicrobial composition comprising alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer

Abstract: a) C2-C8 alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer; and

Abstract: b) biocidal agent selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorohexidine salts, polymeric biguanides, organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, tertiary alkyl amines, iodophors and mixtures thereof.


A method includes generating, by a portable communication device, a first random code and transmitting the first random code to an access device. The access device receives the first random code, generates a second random code, receives a personal token from a user of the portable communication device, and hashes the first random code, the second random code, and the personal token to form a first hash output. The first hash output and the second random code are received from the access device. The first random code, a stored personal token, and the second random code are hashed to form a second hash output. A determination is made if the first hash output and the second hash output are equal. A secure communication channel is formed between the portable communication device and the access device when the first hash output and the second hash output are equal.

There are many instances where multiple portable communication devices can be capable of communicating with multiple terminals in a specific location to obtain access to specific resources. For example, referring to FIG. 1, there can be multiple portable communication devices D1, D2, D2, and D4, which can be capable of interacting with multiple access devices T1, T2, and T3 in a location L. Each of the access devices T1, T2, and T3 may be point of sale terminals, kiosks, secure location entry devices, etc., The portable communication devices D1, D2, D3, and D4 can be mobile phones, wearable devices, etc. that are capable of interacting (e.g., conducting a payment transaction) with the access devices T1, T2, and T3. The portable communication devices D1, D2, D3, and D4 can communicate with any of the access devices T1, T2, and T3 using a medium range communication protocol such as Bluetooth®. However, to ensure that the user of a particular portable communication device is correctly interacting with an intended access device, pairing is required to securely connect the particular portable communication device and the intended access device.
There are a number of ways to pair a portable communication device with an access device to perform an interaction. They include the following examples.
In a first example, access devices can broadcast their identifiers over the air to the different portable communication devices within the location. A portable communication device within the vicinities of the access devices can scan and find the nearby multiple access devices. The portable communication device asks the user to select one access device to connect to, to conduct the next transaction. A problem associated with this method is that the user needs to open the portable communication device (e.g., take out the portable communication device and unlock it), and choose an access device from a list of candidate access devices. The candidate access devices can be associated with candidate access device identifiers (e.g. checkout lane number, gas pump number, etc.). This is time consuming and is not a hands-free user experience. It also requires a human readable access device identifier.
In another example, portable communication devices can broadcast their identifiers (e.g. a device name set by user, such as "Joe's iPhone"). An access device within the vicinities of the portable communication devices can scan and can find nearby portable communication devices. The access device asks the user to select one portable communication device to connect to, so that it can perform an interaction with the access device. A problem with this process is that the portable communication device broadcasts a static identifier. This raises privacy issues, as it can be used to track the user. The portable communication device cannot use a random identifier, because the user will not be able to recognize it or pick his/her portable communication device from the list of nearby portable communication devices.
In yet another example, an access device can display a OR code, which can include an identifier for the access device. The portable communication device scans the QR code, and connects to the corresponding access device. One problem with this process is that the user needs to open the portable communication device (e.g., take out the portable communication device and unlock it), and then cause the portable communication device to perform a scan. This is not a hands-free user experience and is inconvenient. It also requires a user to physically stand next to the access device.
In yet another example, a portable communication device displays a OR code, which encodes an identifier for the portable communication device. The access device scans the OR code. It then connects to the corresponding portable communication device. This process also raises privacy issues, since the user's location can be tracked.
In still other examples, a barcode, NFC tag, sound, or ultrasonic signal could be used instead of a QR code, but the same problems would still exist.
Thus, what is needed is a more convenient and secure way to allow for the interaction between an access device and a portable communication device. It would also be desirable to maintain user privacy.
Embodiments of the invention address this and other problems, individually and collectively.

System and method for secure device connection


Data containing at least a chroma component is obtained from an image data. Monochrome image data is generated from the chroma component image data. Which hue is to be output as it is specified, for example, by an operator. From the monochrome image data, the monochrome image data that corresponding to a portion of the colored image that has the specified hue is removed to obtain image eliminated data. The image eliminated data and the image data corresponding to a portion of the colored image that has the specified hue are combined to obtain an image processed data. The image processed data is converted into data that can be printed with a color printer.

1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of and an apparatus for performing a special effect processing to an image.
2) Description of the Related Art
Various techniques for processing color images have been proposed. For example, image processing techniques such as lightness adjustment, contrast adjustment or hue correction are known. To process an image is also referred to as "to apply a special effect processing".
As one of such special effect processing, there is a processing for designating a specific color among full colors of a full-color image, printing only the specific color and printing the other colors as a monochrome image (which processing will be referred to as "designated color printing"). The designated color printing highlights the portion(s) with the specific color and so has a relatively wide range of utilization. For example, the designated color printing is used to highlight a color of a lipstick in an advertisement, such as on a poster to make an impact on the viewer of the poster. The lips of a woman model in the poster are printed in color and the rest of the poster is printed in monochrome.
Conventionally, the special effect processing is performed on a computer using dedicated software and the processed image is printed with a color printer. For example, Photoshop (trademark) manufactured by Adobe System Corporation may be used to perform the special effect processing. Photoshop has various other special effect functions in addition to the designated color printing explained above.
However, the softwares that are dedicated for the special effect processing are relatively expensive and difficult to operate. Therefore, there is a drawback that the dedicated software requires a skilled operator.
Further, there is known a two-color separation plate which can designate two-color separation on a printer driver and which separate two colors using an arbitrary ordinary application software (see, for example, Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 2001-197324).
According to the two-color separation plate, however, if specific color printing for printing only colors of a monochrome-base image in colors is performed, the apparatus can deal with up to two colors, i.e., black+one color. To express a second color such as red or blue, it is disadvantageously necessary to separately prepare a red or blue specific ink. Besides, whenever one specific color to be used has to be changed, it is disadvantageously necessary to change the ink.

Method of and apparatus for image processing, and computer product


A network switch having a hybrid switch architecture, which is scalable to increase connectivity, buffering, and bandwidth by using multiple shared-memory switch fabrics and multiple crossbar switch fabrics. Each of the crossbar switch fabrics is coupled to each of the shared-memory switch fabrics. The shared-memory switch fabrics are configured to store and retrieve packets. The crossbar switch fabrics are configured to distribute and recollect packets to and from each of the shared-memory switch fabrics. The network switch having a hybrid switch architecture distributes packets from a crossbar switch fabric to the multiple shared-memory switch fabrics to share the distributed packets among the multiple shared-memory switch fabrics.

A network switch is a device that forwards data packets from a source network component or components to a destination network component or components. Typically, a network switch receives data packets from a source network component on a first set or sets of ports ("ingress ports") and forwards data packets to a destination network component or components on a second set or sets of ports ("egress ports").
Today network switches are continuously being developed to improve performance. Performance of a network switch can be characterized by three metrics: connectivity, buffering, and bandwidth. Connectivity relates to the number of ingress ports and egress ports the network switch can interconnect. Buffering relates to the number of packets that can be stored internal to the switch before packets are dropped when egress ports are congested. Bandwidth relates to the aggregate number of bits or packets that can flow through all the ingress and egress ports at a time. Connectivity, buffering, and bandwidth may be referred to collectively as "capacity."
As the demand for capacity increases for network switches, the ability to scale or add capacity using existing switch architectures is desirable. One method for scaling capacity is to design an Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) chip with more circuits operating at higher speeds. A disadvantage of this method is that a new ASIC chip design is required each time capacity is increased. Another disadvantage to this method is the technological limits on switch capacity imposed by the current state of ASIC technology.
Other limiting factors affecting the ability to scale capacity for a network switch are limitations related to the network switch typically being constructed with a single switch fabric architecture. For example, one type of network switch uses a crossbar switch. A crossbar switch is a switching device that forwards packets directly from ingress ports to egress ports without buffering packets. Typically, a crossbar switch forwards packets at "wire speed" that allows for permutation mapping of packets between ingress ports and egress ports without packets being dropped. Although a crossbar switch may have ideal performance for permutation mapping, a problem associated with the crossbar switch is "output port contention" that occurs when multiple packets are destined to the same output port ("egress port"). Because only one packet may be forwarded to an output port at a time, other packets may be blocked and must be buffered externally to avoid data loss.
One type of switch architecture that avoids such data loss requires that packets are buffered at the input side of the crossbar switch. A disadvantage with buffering packets at the input is that performance may be degraded by a phenomenon known as head of line ("HOL") blocking. HOL blocking occurs when a packet must wait in a buffer for an egress port to be available before being forwarded that causes delay in forwarding other packets. Another type of switch architecture that avoids such data loss requires that packets are buffered at the output side of the crossbar switch. Although HOL blocking may be avoided, a disadvantage with buffering packets at the output side is that the amount of buffering required becomes proportional to the square of the number of ports for the switch.
In addition, the amount of circuitry required to increase capacity using just a crossbar switch is proportional to the square of the number of ports. Therefore, a network switch using a crossbar switch alone is not suitable for scaling capacity.
Another type of network switch includes a shared-memory switch. A shared-memory switch is a switching device that stores packets from ingress ports in a buffer memory before being forwarded to egress ports. A shared memory switch uses a common source of buffer memory for all ports, which results in more efficient use of memory resources than input or output buffering. A fundamental disadvantage of using a shared-memory switch is that performance is limited by the bandwidth of a data bus to the buffer memory. As such, a network switch having a shared-memory switch alone is not suitable for scaling capacity.

Network switch having a hybrid switch architecture


A system for sampling an analog or digital data signal at a relatively high rate utilizing relatively slow circuitry. The system includes several sample and hold circuits, each of which receive the data signal. The sample and hold circuits are clocked by respective clock signals that are at the same frequency but equally phased apart from each other. Thus, the sample and hold circuits take samples of the data signal at times that are equally spaced apart from each other. Each of the sample and hold circuits is connected to a series of shift registers that are clocked at the same frequency as the clock used to clock the sample and hold circuit to which they are connected. The shift registers operate to sequentially store samples obtained by their respective sample and hold circuit. The output of the shift registers may be applied to the column drivers of a conventional matrix display.

It is often necessary to sample analog or digital data in a variety of fields. Generally, an analog or digital signal containing data is sampled at a periodic rate to obtain samples corresponding to the amplitude of the signal at equally spaced apart points in time. These samples are then processed, such as by saving the samples for future use. In some instances, the samples are processed sequentially after they have been saved, and in other situations the samples are processed simultaneously after they have been saved.
One example of a prior art sampling system in which a signal containing analog or digital data is sampled and then simultaneously processed is in drive circuits for matrix displays, such as field emission displays. Matrix displays are typically arranged in a array of rows and columns which are perpendicular to each other on a display screen. Generally, each row is sequentially selected, and each column in the selected row is then modulated to control the intensity of a corresponding pixel located at the intersection of the selected row and the corresponding column. Thus, for example, 500 equally spaced samples of a video signal may be obtained and used to modulate 500 respective columns of a N.times.500 matrix display. The first sample of the video signal is used to control the intensity of the leftmost pixel in the selected row while the last sample of the video signal is used to control the intensity of the rightmost pixel in the selected row.
One type of sampling system 10 that can be used to obtain samples of a video signal is illustrated in FIG. 1. The system 10 of FIG. 1 includes a sample and hold circuit 12 having an input line 13, an output line 14 and a clock input line 16. An analog or digital data signal is applied to the input line 13. The sample and hold circuit 12 outputs a sample of the data signal on line 14 for each leading edge of a clock signal 100 applied to the clock input line 16. The samples on line 14 are applied to a series of shift registers 20-28. The shift registers 20-28 each have a clock input line 30 that is simultaneously driven by the same clock signal .phi. that drives the sample and hold circuit 12 through line 16. The shift registers each have an input line 32 and an output line 34. The sampling circuit 10 operates as described below to simultaneously output on the output lines 34 respective samples S.sub.1, S.sub.2, S.sub.3 . . . S.sub.N-1 and S.sub.N of the data signal applied to the input line 13 of the sample and hold circuit 12.
The operation of the sampling circuit shown in FIG. 1 is best explained with reference to FIG. 2. The upper portion of FIG. 2 shows an analog data signal while the lower portion of FIG. 2 shows the clock signal .phi.. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the clock signal has a frequency of 100 MHz, corresponding to a clock period of 10 nanoseconds. As explained above, the sample and hold circuit 12 takes a sample of the data signal on each leading edge of the clock signal .phi.. Thus, the sample and hold circuit 12 samples the data input signal at times t.sub.1, t.sub.2, t.sub.3 . . . t.sub.N- 1 and t.sub.n. The sample S.sub.1 taken at time t.sub.1 is first shifted into the first shift register 20. At time .sub.t2, the first sample S.sub.1 is shifted into the second shift register 22 while the second sample S.sub.2 is shifted into the first shift register 20. The sampling circuit 10 continues to operate in that manner until the first sample S.sub.1 taken at time t.sub.1 has been shifted to the last shift register 28. At that time, sample S.sub.1 is being output from the shift register 28, the second sample S.sub.2 is being output from the N-1 shift register 26, the third sample S.sub.3 is being output from the N-2 shift register 24, the second to last sample is being output from the second shift register 22, and the last sample S.sub.N is being output from the first shift register 20. The samples S.sub.1 -S.sub.N can then be used to drive the columns of a matrix display so that the left pixel of a selected row of the display will have an intensity corresponding to the amplitude of the data signal at time .tau..sub.1. Similarly, the night pixel of the selected row of the display will have an intensity corresponding to the amplitude of the data signal at time t.sub.N. The intensity of the pixels between the end pixels of the selected row will have intensities corresponding to the amplitude of the data signal at points in time corresponding to their location in the selected row. The sampling circuit 10 can, of course, be used for a wide variety of purposes other than to drive matrix displays.
The prior art approach illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 generally has worked satisfactorily up until the present. However, data signals, such as the data signals illustrated at the top of FIG. 2, are more frequently being displayed on matrix displays having a higher resolution. These higher resolution displays have a higher resolution because there is a larger number of columns in the matrix array. As explained above, a sample of the data signal must be obtained for each column of the matrix display. Therefore, higher resolution matrix displays require that the data be sampled at a correspondingly higher rate. For example, the "refresh rate," i. e., the rate at which all of the pixels in a display are modulated, is commonly 60 Hz. A conventional VGA display has 480 lines and 640 columns. Thus, 480 rows must be processed 60 times each second so that the time required to process each row is 34.7 microseconds (i.e., the reciprocal of 60*480). During that 34.7 microseconds, 640 samples of the data signal must be taken, resulting in a sample rate of about 54 nanoseconds. The approach illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 has generally been capable of providing samples at that rate. However, higher resolution XGA displays have 768 rows and 1024 columns. With a 60 Hz refresh rate, each row must be processed in a time of 21.7 microseconds. In that 21.7 microseconds, 1024 samples must be taken, resulting in a sample rate of 21.2 nanoseconds. It is currently not economically feasible to use the approach illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 to sample at this higher rate. Moreover, the resolution of matrix displays continues to increase so that it is likely that even higher sample rates will be required in the future. The conventional approach to sampling data signals to drive matrix displays is thus not suitable for modern high resolution matrix displays.


A technique for stably receiving an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed signal by means of a simple structure. Delay circuits 9–11 add delay times to the signals simultaneously received by antennas 1–4 in such a way that the delay time difference between any two signals is the reciprocal or more of the bandwidth allocated to one subcarrier of orthogonal frequency division multiplex. Thus, the signal synthesized by a mixer 12 can be assumed to be substantially equivalent to the received signal in a multipath environment. Since the delay time differences among the signals simultaneously received by the antennas 1–4 are sufficiently shorter than the length of the guard interval section, the margin prepared for actual arrival of a delay wave because of multipath is sufficiently ensured.

As a digital radio signal transmission system, an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) system is known.
With this orthogonal frequency division multiplex system, a digital signal is multiplexed by using a number of subcarriers having different frequencies to transmit the digital signal efficiently. With the orthogonal frequency division multiplex, a guard interval section is disposed in front of an effective symbol section so that the reception characteristics can be prevented from being degraded by inter-symbol interference in a multipath environment.
An antenna switching type diversity receiver such as shown in FIG. 2 is known which can mitigate the influence of fading during mobile reception of radio signals subjected to orthogonal frequency division multiplex.
In a conventional diversity receiver shown in FIG. 2, signals received by respective antennas 15 to 18 are amplified by LNSs 19 to 22 and input to a selector 23. In response to a select signal supplied from a demodulator 25, the selector 23 selects one received signal and inputs it to a tuner 24. The tuner 24 frequency-converts a radio frequency (RF) in a desired band into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal and sends it to a demodulator 25.
The tuner 24 detects a signal level of the received signal and notifies the signal level to the demodulator 25 by using a received signal strength indication (RSSI) signal. The demodulator 25 monitors the RSSI signal, and when the signal level becomes a predetermined threshold value or lower, the demodulator 25 controls the selector 23 to select another received signal. If the signal level of the selected received signal is also the threshold value or lower, another received signal is again selected. This operation is repeated.
The conventional diversity receiver cannot detect in advance whether the signal level of a selected received signal becomes higher or lower than that of the presently selected received signal. Therefore, the reception state after selection may become worse than that before selection so that the receiver cannot stably receive signals subjected to orthogonal frequency division multiplex.
If the demodulator 25 shown in FIG. 2 demodulates a digital signal by using an equalizer, the frequency characteristics change abruptly when the received signal is selected. Therefore, equalization errors of the received signal become large, sometimes resulting in a high possibility of demodulation errors.
The conventional diversity receiver requires a circuit for controlling the operation of the selector 23 shown in FIG. 2 to select the received signal, posing a problem of a complicated circuit structure.
The invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstance. It is an object of the invention to provide a diversity receiver capable of reliably receiving signals subjected to orthogonal frequency division multiplex, by using a simple structure.

Diversity receiver and orthogonal frequency division multiplexed signal receiving method


A stator for a DC brushless motor includes an annular insulating ring integrally formed from an insulating material. The annular insulating ring includes an outer peripheral face and an inner peripheral face. A plurality of winding portions extends from at least one of the outer and inner peripheral faces. A coil unit is wound around each of the plurality of winding portions. The stator can be utilized in various DC brushless motors. Since the stator does not include conventional silicon steel plates and is comprised of an annular insulating ring and a coil unit, advantages including low manufacturing costs, assembling convenience, possible reduction in the axial height, and high rotational stability are obtained.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a stator and DC brushless motors including the stator and, more particularly, to a stator without silicon steel plates and DC brushless motors including the stator.
2. Description of the Related Art
Currently available DC brushless motors include an outer rotor type and an inner rotor type. Outer rotor type motors have advantages of simple structure, good heat dissipation, and low costs, whereas inner rotor type motors have better rotational stability.
FIGS. 1 and 2 show a conventional outer rotor type motor 8 including a base 81, a stator 82, and a rotor 83. The base 81 includes a shaft tube 811. The stator 82 is mounted to an outer periphery of the shaft tube 811. The rotor 83 includes a permanent magnet 831 and is rotatably extended through the shaft tube 811. More specifically, the stator 82 of the motor 8 includes a plurality of silicon steel plates 821, an upper insulating sleeve 822, a lower insulating sleeve 823, and a coil unit 824. The silicon steel plates 821 are stacked up and engaged with each other as a single member. The upper and lower insulating sleeves 822 and 823 are coupled to two ends of the stacked silicon steel plates 821. The coil unit 824 is wound around the silicon steel plates 821 and the upper and lower insulating sleeves 822 and 823 at predetermined portions.
The silicon steel plates 821 are formed by pressing and then stacking one upon another. Next, the upper and lower insulating sleeves 822 and 823 are respectively coupled to the ends of the stacked silicon steel plates 821 before winding the coil unit 824. The stator 82 has many components and, thus, a complicated structure, resulting in high manufacturing costs and assembling inconvenience. Furthermore, the axial height of the stator 82 is relatively large, such that the overall volume and the overall axial height of the outer rotor type motor 8 can not be effectively reduced. As a result, miniaturization of the outer rotor type motor 8 is almost impossible. Further, the permanent magnet 831 of the rotor 83 includes a plurality of alternately disposed north poles and south poles. Torque change or uneven torque (also known as cogging torque) occurs when the north and south poles of the permanent magnet 831 move relative to magnetic pole faces formed by the silicon steel plates 821 of the stator 82. Vibration easily occurs especially when the rotor 83 rotates at low speeds.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show an inner rotor type motor 9 including a housing 91, a stator 92, a rotor 93, and a permanent magnet 94. The housing 91 is hollow and receives the stator 92. The rotor 93 includes a shaft 931 rotatably received in the housing 91 and extending through the stator 92. The stator 92 interacts with the permanent magnet 94 to drive the rotor 93 to rotate. The stator 92 of the inner rotor type motor 9 also includes a plurality of silicon steel plates 921, upper and lower insulating sleeves 922 and 923, and a coil unit 924. The stator 92 of the inner rotor type motor 9 is substantially the same as the stator 82 of the outer rotor type motor 8 and, thus, has the same disadvantages including high manufacturing costs, assembling inconvenience, difficulties in reducing the axial height, and low rotational stability.

Stator and DC brushless motors including the stator

Sunonwealth Electric Machine Industry Co., Ltd.