The present invention is directed to novel cyanoalkylamino derivatives that are inhibitors of cysteine protease such as cathepsins K, S, B and L, in particular cathepsin K Pharmaceutical composition comprising these compounds, method of treating diseases mediated by unregulated cysteine protease activity, in particular cathepsin K utilizing these compounds and methods of preparing these compounds are also disclosed.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention is directed to novel cyanoalkylamino derivatives that are inhibitors of cysteine protease such as cathepsins K, S, B and L, in particular cathepsin K. Pharmaceutical composition comprising these compounds, method of treating diseases mediated by unregulated cysteine protease activity, in particular cathepsin K, utilizing these compounds and methods of preparing these compounds are also disclosed.
2. State of the Art
Cysteine proteases represent a class of peptidases characterized by the presence of a cysteine residue in the catalytic site of the enzyme. Cysteine proteases are associated with the normal degradation and processing of proteins. The aberrant activity of cysteine proteases, e.g., as a result of increase expression or enhanced activation, however, may have pathological consequences. In this regard, certain cysteine proteases are associated with a number of disease states, including arthritis, muscular dystrophy, inflammation, tumor invasion, glomerulonephritis, malaria, periodontal disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy and others. For example, increased cathepsin B levels and redistribution of the enzyme are found in tumors; thus, suggesting a role for the enzyme in tumor invasion and metastasis. In addition, aberrant cathepsin B activity is implicated in such disease states as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, pneumocystis carinii, acute pancreatitis, inflammatory airway disease and bone and joint disorders.
The prominent expression of cathepsin K in osteoclasts and osteoclast-related multinucleated cells and its high collagenolytic activity suggest that the enzyme is involved in ososteoclast-mediated bone resorption and, hence, in bone abnormalities such as occurs in osteoporosis. In addition, cathepsin K expression in the lung and its elastinolytic activity suggest that the enzyme plays a role in pulmonary disorders as well.
Cathepsin L is implicated in normal lysosomal proteolysis as well as several disease states, including, but not limited to, metastasis of melanomas. Cathepsin S is implicated in Alzheimer's disease and certain autoimmune disorders, including, but not limited to juvenile onset diabetes, multiple sclerosis, pemphigus vulgaris, Graves' disease, myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythemotasus, rheumatoid arthritis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis; allergic disorders, including, but not limited to asthma; and allogeneic immune responses, including, but not limited to, rejection of organ transplants or tissue grafts.
In view of the number of diseases wherein it is recognized that an increase in cysteine protease activity contributes to the pathology and/or symptomatology of the disease, molecules which are shown to inhibit the activity of this class of enzymes, in particular molecules which are inhibitors of cathepsins B, K, L and/or S, will be useful as therapeutic agents.

Cyanoalkylamino derivatives as protease inhibitors


A method and system for generating a completed payment document ready for signature in image form and enabling signature in image form, storing the image and providing a printed copy of the document including the signature. A write input device for showing the image and enabling the signature includes a transparent interactive digitizing element with writing stylus, a display module positioned beneath the digitizing element and visible therethrough, and optionally a magnetic stripe reader for providing document-related information for the display. The device is embodied in a system which also includes a point of sale terminal, a printer for printing records of transactions processed by the system and a controller operatively coupled to other elements of the system.

This invention relates to a system and a method for processing signature-based payment transactions and more particularly relates to such a system and method in which the merchant's records of payment can be generated and maintained electronically without generation of paper records while providing paper records to customers when needed.
In retailing and similar areas, the volume of transactions is often such that management of paper records is becoming increasingly burdensome. This problem in the use of paper records is particularly noted in terms of storage of paper documents, retrieval of prior paper records which are needed at a later time, and use of the paper documents in authorizing and/or validating the transfer of funds. If the transfer of funds is disputed, the party responsible for maintaining the paper documents may be held liable for the amount of payment represented by the paper document in the event that such document cannot be located. A failure in ability to retrieve documents in a rapid, efficient manner may thus be costly to a merchant and/or a financial institution. In addition, the effort and facilities required to store paper documents for possible retrieval are costly. Furthermore, the delay which may be involved in processing paper documents through such a system in the event of a dispute may be costly and negative in terms of customer relations.
Another source of delay in the current processing of transactions at the point of sale is the time required for processing credit card transactions, including such time-consuming operations as inserting a customer card in an embossing device, performing the embossing operation, filling out the credit receipt blanks and obtaining a customer signature thereon. An arrangement by which all of the necessary information could be assembled and printed on a document in one operation would thus enhance efficiency at the point of sale station.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Write input transaction apparatus and method


A switching device is disclosed having a ring circuit with four nodes and four switching elements which selectively interconnect the four nodes. A first compensation branch inter-connects a first pair of mutually opposing nodes, and a second compensation branch inter-connects a second pair of mutually opposing nodes. The first compensation branch generates a first parallel resonance in conjunction with a first non-conducting one of the four switching elements, and the second compensation branch generates a second parallel resonance in conjunction with a second non-conducting one of the four switching elements. The first parallel resonance is connected in parallel to a conducting one of the four switching elements, and the second parallel resonance is connected in parallel to the conducting one of the four switching elements. Each compensation branch includes an inductor which forms the respective parallel resonances in conjunction with a capacitance of a non-conducting switching element.

The invention relates to a telecommunication device, in particular a radio device, with a switching arrangement constructed as a ring circuit and comprising four switching paths each with a switching element, which switching arrangement serves to couple two first signal paths to two second signal paths, as required, while its switching elements are connected in parallel to compensation branches which each serve to generate a parallel resonance in conjunction with a non-conducting switching element.
A radio device is known from DE 44 30 987 C1 which comprises a switching arrangement arranged as a ring circuit with four switching paths. The switching paths each comprise a switching element and serve to couple the transmitter or the receiver of the radio device to one of two transmission or reception antennas. If, for example, the transmitter of the radio device is coupled to one of the two antennas for radiating a signal, the coupling of the signal generated by the transmitter via the switching arrangement to the receiver is to be suppressed, i.e. a switching element of the switching arrangement, when in the non-conducting state, must not allow in particular high-frequency signals to pass, or no more than insubstantial portions thereof.
It is furthermore known to connect a compensation branch in parallel to each switching element, which branch generates a parallel resonance together with the parallel switching element in the non-conducting state thereof, provided the switching elements are constructed as semiconductor switches. This enhances the blocking action of a semiconductor switch in the open (non-conducting) state. The blocking action of an open semiconductor switch is adversely affected by the fact that, in the non-conducting state, a capacitance is active with respect to the exterior which is essentially determined by housing influences, leading to a reduced damping, or a partial passage of high-frequency signals. This is relevant to all radio applications, for example in GSM devices ("Global System for Mobile communications") or DECT devices ("Digital European Cordless Telecommunication"). The compensation branches connected in parallel serve to compensate for this effect.

Telecommunication device with switching arrangement constructed as a ring circuit


Communication between a caller client system and a callee client system is based on selection of a suitable communication program from a list of communication programs. The list of communication programs is determined based on the callee's communication environment.

The present invention relates to networked communication and in particular to selecting suitable communication program(s) for communication among networked users.
Computer-based communications offer many forms of communication including electronic mail (hereafter email), instant messaging (hereafter IM), voice over internet protocol (hereafter VoIP), video conferencing, and so on. Consequently, a person (the caller) who wants to initiate a call (or a communication) may have to decide from among many communication methods. Factors that might be taken into consideration when choosing a communication method might include when the call is being made, to whom (the callee) the call is being made, where the callee is located, the technology that is available to the callee, and so on. This decision making process can become significant in private networks such as peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. In some situations, the caller may want to be certain that she reach the callee and may want to know ahead of time, before making the attempt, whether can be reached or not (and if not, avoid the process of attempting the call).
For example, the time of day the call is made may be important. The callee might prefer one form of communication over another at different times of the day; the callee might prefer email in the evening time (e.g., while asleep) rather than IM. The callee's location may dictate the suitable communication method; e.g., the callee may prefer IM over VoIP if she happens to be having coffee at an Internet cafe where bandwidth might be limited or the quality of service is inadequate. The callee may have specific preferences for a communication method. The devices installed on a callee's system is also a determinative factor. The term "communication environment" will be used herein to represent the collection of factors that are associated with the callee, and which must be given consideration by a caller in order to communicate with the callee.
Thus, the communication environment might include such things as time of day, callee's location, and callee's preference(s). Whether the callee client system is on-line or off-line might be considered to be part of the communication environment when attempting to communicate. Thus, in a P2P network, a user is "on-line" if she is logged onto the P2P network. A user is "off-line" if she is logged off the network. A user could also be considered "off-line" if he is logged on but his PC (laptop, or some other suitable communication device) has been idle for a period of time, or otherwise indicates that he is not available for communication. The on-line/off-line state is commonly referred to as "presence." The callee's presence information can be used to determine a suitable form of communication; e.g., if the callee is on-line then IM may be a suitable and form of communication; whereas if the callee is off-line, a cell phone call might be appropriate.

Method and apparatus for choosing a best program for communication


A harness wiring structure includes a first link that has a first fixing member, a second link that has a second fixing member, and a shaft portion that swingably connects the first link to the second link. When the first link and the second link are extended to each other, a wire harness is wired in a straight line so as to pass above the shaft portion and is fixed to the first link and the second link by the first fixing member and the second fixing member respectively.

The present invention relates to a harness wiring structure for a swing part where a wire harness is wired along swingable links.
FIGS. 9 to 11 show an example of a harness wiring structure for a swing part in the related art (referring to Patent Document 1).
As shown in FIG. 9, this harness wiring structure is used to always feed power from a body of a vehicle (power source) to a sliding door. Further, according to a power feeding system 31 provided in the body of the vehicle, as the sliding door (not shown) is opened or closed, the wire harness 32 is wired so as to swing forward or backward.
As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the power feeding system 31 includes a case 33 and a swing member 34 provided in the case. The swing member 34 has a split-type structure to be split into upper and lower portions. Accordingly, while a Colgate tube 35 of the wire harness 32 is held in the swing member, the swing member freely swings about a shaft portion 36 together with the wire harness 32 in the case.
A wide opening 37 through which the wire harness 32 is swingably led, an arc-shaped groove 38 for regulating a swing angle of the swing member 34, a fixing portion 40 for fixing an electric wire 39 of the wire harness 32, and a space 41 where the electric wire 39 is received in a waveform between the swing member 34 and the fixing portion 40 are formed in the case 33.
As shown in FIG. 9, the wire harness 32 led from the power feeding system 31 is connected to each accessory (not shown) in the sliding door via a power feeding system 42 of the sliding door. The power feeding system 42 of the sliding door includes an oscillation type slider 43 in a case 44. As the sliding door is opened or closed, the slider moves forward or backward. The wire harness 32 is bent (compressed) to substantially have a U shape in the case. Other systems (not shown) may be used as the power feeding system 42 of the sliding door.
The power feeding system 42 shown in FIG. 9 by using a solid line corresponds to the state where the sliding door is closed, and the power feeding system 42 shown in FIG. 9 by using a two-dot chain line corresponds to the state where the sliding door is opened. The power feeding system 31, which is shown in FIG. 10, of the body of a vehicle corresponds to the power feeding system 42 (the state where the sliding door is closed) shown in FIG. 9 by using a solid line. Further, the power feeding system 31 shown in FIG. 10 corresponds to the power feeding system 42 (the state where the sliding door is opened) shown in FIG. 9 by using a two-dot chain line.
FIG. 12 shows a harness wiring structure for a swing part in the related art (referring to Patent Document 2).
This harness wiring structure is used to always feed power to a link type door of a vehicle. Further, the door 62 is swingably supported with a body 70 of a vehicle by a supporting arm 71 having substantially L shape. Further, a pair of front and rear links 65 and 66 is provided to be separated from the supporting arm 71, and is provided parallel to each other. A base of each of the links 65 and 66 is rotatably supported by the body 70 of a vehicle, and a tip of each link is rotatably supported by the slider 64. The slider 64 is slidably engaged with a horizontal guide rail 63 of the door, and a wire harness 68 is wired along the one (front) link 66 from the body 70 of a vehicle to the door.
The wire harness 68 is wired along the outer surface of the link 66, and is fixed to the link 66 by using a fastener 72. Further, the wire harness is led into the door, while being bent substantially in a U shape or J shape along a caterpillar-shaped exterior member 69 connected to the slider 64 in the guide rail of the door. Accordingly, the wire harness is connected to the accessories or electrical components. The right side in FIG. 12 corresponds to a front side of a vehicle.
When the door is fully closed, the supporting arm 71 and the links 65 and 66 extend toward the front side. Further, the slider 64 moves toward the front end of the guide rail 63, and a part of the wire harness 68 is received in a receiving case 67 due to the bending operation of the exterior member 69. The wire harness 68 swings (rotates) together with the link 66
When the door is fully opened, the links 65 and 66 are maintained in the half open state shown in FIG. 12, and the supporting arm 71 extends toward the rear side. Further, the slider 64 moves toward the rear end of the guide rail 63, and the wire harness 68 is led toward the rear side together with the exterior member 69.
[Patent Document 1] JP-A-2006-42566 (FIGS. 1 to 4)
[Patent Document 2] JP-A-10-175483 (FIGS. 5 and 9)
However, according to the harness wiring structure for a swing part shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the space 41 where the electric wire 39 of the wire harness 32 is received in a waveform is required in the case 33. For this reason, there have been problems in that the size of the case 33 is increased and the body of the vehicle should have a large space for the case. In addition, since the case 33 and the swing member 34 are required in the harness wiring structure, there have been problems in that the structure becomes complicated and the manufacturing cost increased.
Further, according to the harness wiring structure for a swing part in the related art shown in FIG. 12, as the door 62 is opened or closed, the wire harness 68 loosens and is bent at the end of the link 66 during the swing of the link 66. For this reason, when the wire harness is repeatedly bent, there is a concern that the loosening portion (portion corresponding to a surplus length) of the wire harness 68 is damaged or caught between the link 66 and a frame 73.


A laser processing apparatus removes a sapphire substrate from an optical device wafer configured by forming an optical device layer on the front side of the sapphire substrate through a buffer layer. A chuck table holds the optical device wafer. A pulsed laser beam is applied to the optical device wafer to break the buffer layer, and the light intensity of plasma light produced in the buffer layer by the application of the pulsed laser beam is detected and displayed. The light intensity of a predetermined wavelength region of the plasma light generated from a substance forming the buffer layer is detected.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a laser processing apparatus including plasma detecting means.
2. Description of the Related Art
In an optical device fabrication process, an optical device layer composed of an n-type semiconductor layer and a p-type semiconductor layer is formed on the front side of a substantially disk-shaped epitaxy substrate such as a sapphire substrate through a buffer layer, and this optical device layer is partitioned by a plurality of crossing streets into a plurality of regions where a plurality of optical devices such as light emitting diodes and laser diodes are respectively formed, thus constituting an optical device wafer. The optical device wafer is divided along the streets to thereby obtain the individual optical devices (see Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Hei 10-305420, for example).
Further, as a technique for improving the luminance of an optical device, a manufacturing method called lift-off is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication 2005-516415. In an optical device wafer, an optical device layer composed of an n-type semiconductor layer and a p-type semiconductor layer is formed on the front side of an epitaxy substrate such as a sapphire substrate through a buffer layer. The above-mentioned method called lift-off includes the steps of bonding the optical device layer of the optical device wafer through a bonding metal layer formed of gold (Au), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), indium (In), or palladium (Pd) to a transfer substrate formed of molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), or silicon (Si) and next applying a laser beam from the back side of the epitaxy substrate to the buffer layer to thereby peel off the epitaxy substrate, thus transferring the optical device layer to the transfer substrate.

Laser processing apparatus including plasma detecting means


A control system and method for causing a spacecraft (10) initially spinning about a principal axis of inertia (H) to transition to spin about an arbitrary command axis (3) is presented in which the capture maneuver is performed in a way to preserve spacecraft attitude knowledge without sensor or attitude propagation by using a simple rate feedback loop. The capture is accomplished by applying a step torque about axes (1) and (2) transverse to the desired spin axis (3) creating an initial nutation. The nutation is subsequently damped actively by closing a rate feedback loop with a low pass filter and applying transverse torques proportional to the transverse nutational rate.

A control system to provide a controlled spin about an arbitrary axis is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,961,551, commonly assigned with the present application, such a control system frees a spinning spacecraft from the requirement to be mass balanced and to spin about a principal axis of maximum or minimum inertia. However, that disclosure does not address the process of capture initialization of the desired spin motion.
The spin axis capture of the present invention has, as one application, the transition from spin about a principal axis of inertia to spin about the thrust axis of the liquid apogee motor which is not aligned with the principle axis of inertia. In prior applications, the apogee motor thrust axis has either been aligned with the principal axis of inertia or, if not so aligned, the spacecraft is not spin stabilized. Rather, the spacecraft is three axis stabilized with full three axis attitude sensing and control. Such stabilization systems require higher band width control, larger torquers (thrusters, for example) and much more complex sensing and control implementations.

Spacecraft spin axis capture system and method


A system guides and secures the position of strand elements, such as cables, hoses or tubes, in particular in wind power installations. The system includes a base body (1) that forms at least one strand passage with a receiving space (19) for at least one strand element. The respective strand passages are formed by inserts (3) in the form of independent components. A locking device with a locking element (25) forms a form-fitting latching of each insert (3) on the base body (1).

Fastening systems of this type are the state of the art. DE 10 2010 032 687 A1, for example, discloses a fastening system of this type provided, in particular, for use with wind power installations. To convey the energy generated in wind power installations, and for other operational purposes, such as control, monitoring and the like, strand elements, such as cables for power transmission, hoses, tubes and/or lines for control or communication purposes, which lead from the nacelle into the tower, need to be reliably secured to appropriate support structures, for example to the tower segments.
With the aforementioned known solution, strand passages are formed in the base body for this purpose in such a manner that the strand passages succeed each other in a sequence extending at least over part of a ring, with external openings.

System for guiding and securing the position of strand elements


An information processor includes: a playback position holder configured to hold a content playback position at which a user starts inputting a comment on content that is being played back; and a comment information holder configured to hold the comment input by the user in association with the content playback position held by the playback position holder.

The present technology relates to information processors, information processing methods, and computer program products for processing information input by users, and particularly to an information processor, an information processing method, and a computer program product for processing information, e.g., a comment, input by a user while content, e.g., a moving image, is being played back.
In existing systems, a viewer inputs comments on broadcasted television programs, moving images distributed via streaming from moving image-sharing sites on networks, or moving images being played back from Blu-ray Discs. For example, multiple users can share information by commenting on the same content such as a moving image or music.
In general, when a user adds a comment on content, e.g., a moving image, that is being played back, this comment is reflected after the entire comment has been input and confirmed. If a user inputs a long comment or if it takes a long time for the user to input a comment, inconvenience such as inclusion of the comment in a scene that does not match the comment occurs because playback of the content continues while the user is making the comment.
As illustrated in FIG. 8, suppose a user viewing playback content finds a scene to which the user wants to add a comment at a playback position TS, and starts inputting a comment, e.g., "greatest smile!," and the input of the comment is confirmed when the playback position of the content proceeds to a playback position TF. Since it takes several to several tens of seconds to input the comment with a keyboard, however, if the comment is added at the playback position TF of the content at the time when the input is confirmed, the scene is likely to change while the playback position proceeds from TS to TF, resulting in the possibility that the comment is added to another scene that does not match the comment of "greatest smile!."
To avoid this possibility, it may be necessary for the user to input a short comment quickly, which might miss the timing. In addition, if the user wants to rewrite the comment or make a relatively long comment, the moving image may be paused or rewound. Such operations hinder enjoyment of the moving image itself.
For example, there is a proposal of a comment distribution system that reads, from input comment information, a comment associated with a comment addition time corresponding to a playback time of a moving image being played back and displays the read-out comment together with the moving image (see, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2009-77443). The comment addition time, however, is the playback time of the moving image at the time when the comment is input, and thus, it is desirable for a user to input a short comment quickly in order to add a comment to its corresponding scene. If the user rewrites the comment or inputs a relatively long comment, the user will miss the timing at which the comment is to be input.

Information processor, information processing method, and computer program product for processing information input by user


A chip card connector includes a housing and a plurality of terminals. The housing has a partition part and a plurality of openings formed on two sides of the partition part. The terminals are disposed in the openings. Each of the terminals has a first end embedded in or movably attached to the partition part, a second end penetrating a side surface of the housing and exposed from the housing, and a protruding contact part disposed between the first and second end for making contact with a chip card. Therefore, the problem of the prior art is solved that a chip card is likely to hook the contact part pf a conventional chip card connector that has the contact part extending from a cantilever of a terminal when the chip card is plugged into or unplugged from the chip card connector and the terminal are easily deformed or damaged.

A Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card is included in every cell phone to identify user's ID. The SIM card holds the personal information of the account holder, including phone number, address book, text messages, and other data. In order to embed the SIM card in and connect the SIM card with the cell phone, a connector is required to be disposed in the circuit board inside the cell phone for connecting with the SIM card so as to retrieve and write data in the SIM card.
Regarding the structure of the SIM card connector, Taiwanese Patent No. M360469 discloses a card connector, comprising an insulative body and a plurality of conductive terminals. The insulative body comprises a main body and a plurality of openings formed through the main body and arranged in parallel. The conductive terminals are disposed in the insulative body. Each of the conductive terminals has a fixed part secured in the insulative body and a contact part formed by extending from one end of the fixed part into the opening of the insulative body. The contact part comprises two extending parallel arms extending from the fixed part, a connecting arm connecting the ends of the extending arms, and an elastic arm inclinedly extending from the connecting arm toward a position between the two extending parallel arms. The SIM card is connected with the SIM card connector via the contact part of the SIM card connector, to allow the data to be retrieved and written in the SIM card.
Since different cell phones have different SIM cards of various sizes, an adaptor is required when a smaller SIM card is to be connected to a larger SIM card connector.
Even through the adaptor the smaller SIM card can be connected to a larger SIM connector, there will exist a gap between the SIM card and the adaptor. In addition, the above-mentioned contact part of the SIM card connector is formed as an extension of the elastic arm, as a result, when the smaller sized SIM card is coupled with or separated from the SIM card connector, the SIM card may be stuck by the gap and fail to be connected with the contact part of the SIM card connector, or it is likely that the contact part may be damaged when inappropriate force is applied when connecting the SIM card to the SIM card connector.

Chip card connector with terminals disposed in openings on two sides of a partition part


A power seat system for a vehicle, includes an operational switch configured to be operated by an occupant for changing positions and attitudes of a vehicle seat whose positions and attitudes are electrically adjusted, a sensor portion positioned in the vicinity of the operational switch and detecting a hand of the occupant approaching the operational switch without contacting the hand of the occupant, and a control portion changing the positions and attitudes of the vehicle seat by actuating an actuator on the basis of an output from the operational switch, the control portion configured to display an operational display indicating adjusting portions and directions of the vehicle seat, which is adjustable by means of the operational switch on the basis of the output from the sensor portion, at an display device provided in a vehicle.

In recent computerization of vehicles, various types of controls are applied to a power seat for a vehicle in which an attitude and a position of a seat are electrically changed. For example, reclining angles of a seatback, lifted or lowered positions of a seat, positions of the seat in a fore and aft direction, and angles of a seat surface are electrically adjustable in known power seats. JPH05-77679A and JPH09-142186A disclose switches for vehicles to operate such known power seats.
Generally, a switch for operating a power seat is provided at a lower position than a seat surface. Thus, according to a structure of the generally known power seat, an occupant has to grope the switch to operate it without visually confirming the position of the switch. In order to countermeasure the aforementioned problem, according to the known power seat disclosed in JPH05-77679A and JPH09-142186A, an image of a switch portion is displayed on a screen when an occupant contacts the switch for operating the power seat. Further, by displaying each of the switches that is in operation (the switch which the occupant came in contact with) with emphasis on the screen, the known power seat disclosed in JPH05-77679A and JPH09-142186A enables the occupant to visually confirm the position of the switches and to securely operate the switches without operating the switch by groping.
The known power seat disclosed in JPH05-77679A and JPH09-142186A excel in enabling the occupant to visually confirm the position of the switches for operating the power seat. However, according to the construction of the power seat disclosed in JPH05-77679A and JPH09-142186A, the occupant still has to grope a switch until he/she comes in contact with a desired switch. Thus, there are possibilities that the occupant has to move his/her fingers to another switch in a case where he/she found out he/she touched a wrong switch when the touched switch is displayed on the screen. Further, because the switch is actually operated by a feeling of the occupant even after the touched switch is shown on the screen, it becomes difficult to properly adjust the position of the seat in accordance with an intention of the occupant when the number of adjusting directions of the power seat is increased even if the touched switch is visually confirmed on the screen. A seat position is relatively readily adjustable with a known practically implemented power seat in which the power seat is adjustable in a relatively small number of directions (e.g., 4-6). However, in recent years, a power seat having adjustable positions in a large number of directions (e.g., 10-20, or over 20) is about to be practically implemented. Accordingly, a power seat for a vehicle which further excels in visibility and operability is desired.
A need thus exists for a power seat system for a vehicle which is not susceptible to the drawback mentioned above.


A grip member is inserted into an insertion hole of a cylindrical clamp body and is capable of extending outwards to grip the inner circumferential surface of an aperture of an article. A clamp rod is engaged with the grip member; a driving mechanism capable of driving the clamp rod forwards and backwards; a seating surface formed at the top end of the cylindrical clamp body; a case member supporting the cylindrical clamp body movably forwards and backwards; a driving mechanism capable of raising an lowering the cylindrical clamp body; and a lock mechanism having a cylindrical member into which the cylindrical clamp body is inserted so as to slide freely and capable of locking the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical clamp body by elastically deforming the cylindrical member so as to reduce its diameter.

From the prior art, clamp devices of various types such as hole clamps or expansion clamps and so on have been put into practical use. With these clamp devices, the inner circumferential surface of an aperture in an article such as a workpiece is gripped by expanding, with a clamp rod, the diameter of a grip claw portion of a grip member that has been inserted into the aperture as described above, and then the article is pulled towards the clamp body.
For example, the clamp device disclosed in Patent Document #1 includes a clamp body, a grip member, a clamp rod having a tapered shaft portion for expanding the diameter of this grip member, a hydraulic pressure cylinder that drives the clamp rod, and so on. The grip member consists of four separated gripping sections, and grip claw portions, whose shapes in cross section orthogonal to the axis of the clamp rod are flattened D shapes, are formed on these separated gripping sections.
And, the clamp device in Patent Document #2 comprises a clamp body, an annular one piece collet (i.e. a grip member), a pull rod (i.e. a clamp rod), a hydraulic pressure cylinder that drives the pull rod, and so on. Via a single vertically oriented slit, the collet is made so as to be elastically deformable so that its diameter is increased.
With the clamp devices described above, the grip member and the clamp rod are inserted into an aperture in the workpiece, the workpiece is contacted against a seating surface of the clamp body, and, when clamp driving is to be started, the clamp rod (i.e., the pull rod) is shifted downwards and the diameter of the grip member or collet is expanded outwards by the clamp rod, so that it engages and clamps the inner circumferential surface of the aperture in the workpiece.    Patent Document #1: German Patent Publication No. 4,020,981    Patent Document #2: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication Heisei 11-188551.


The apparatus in one embodiment may have: a beam having at least first and second mounting points that are operatively coupled to the beam by first and second flexures, respectivly; the beam having first and second nodal points; the beam having a center area; and an altered mass content in a vicinity of the center area, the altered mass content being such that the first and second nodal points are substantially aligned with the first and second flexures. The beam is therefore supported at the nodal points for the fundamental mode of vibration.

An electromechanical system in one example measures a parameter. The electromechanical system may comprise a microelectromechanical system ("MEMS") accelerometer or gyroscope that measures the parameter. For example, the accelerometer measures an acceleration and the gyroscope measures an angular rate (e.g., rotation). The gyroscope in one example comprises a vibrating beam with high Q degenerate fundamental modes of vibration. For example, high Q vibrating beams require little energy to sustain vibration. The vibrating beam in one example is employable for high performance closed loop angular rate sensing. The vibrating beam in another example is employable for lower performance open loop angular rate sensing. The mathematical model of the symmetrical vibrating beam is in many aspects similar to a vibrating ring or hemispherical resonator gyroscope ("HRG"). The analytical similarity to the hemispherical resonator gyroscope indicates that the vibrating beam gyroscope has the potential of achieving similar performance.
Drive components coupled with the vibrating beam cause a first oscillation of the vibrating beam. An angular rate of the vibrating beam and the first oscillation induce a Coriolis force on the vibrating beam. For example, the angular rate is about the longitudinal axis of the vibrating beam. The Coriolis force causes a second oscillation of the vibrating beam. The second oscillation is substantially perpendicular to the first oscillation. Feedback components in one example provide feedback on a magnitude of the first oscillation to the drive components for regulation of the first oscillation. Pickoff sensor components sense the second oscillations and apply control signals to null the pickoff signal. The control signals are a measure of the magnitude and polarity of the angular rate of the vibrating beam.
Coriolis Vibratory Gyros (CVG) based on the free-free vibrating beam are currently used to sense angular rotation rate. The beams are typically supported at the nodal points of the beam to minimize the coupling of the vibration energy to the mounting base. The coupling of vibration energy to the mounting base reduces the Q of the resonant frequency of the beam and introduces sensitivity to variation in the mechanical impedance of the mounting.
There is a need in the art for an improved CVG that minimizes coupling of vibration energy to a mounting base for use in high performance vibrating beam gyros which require high Q and low mounting sensitivity.

Method for modifying the location of nodal points of a vibrating beam


Methods for configuring a monitoring device to communicate with a service server are provided. The method includes the monitoring device sending a message including a code used for authentication of the monitoring device to a control server, receiving one or more addresses of a service server associated with the monitoring device from the control server in response to the monitoring device being authenticated by the control server, storing the one or more addresses retrieved by the control server, and establishing a connection between the monitoring device and the service server using at least one of the one or more addresses received from the control server.

Monitoring systems for monitoring of premises, areas of particular interest and/or processes connected via a computer network to monitoring or surveillance servers are increasingly popular, in particular such monitoring systems including digital monitoring cameras. One reason for the popularity of such systems may be that the systems in great extent may utilize an existing network, if a computer network already is in place.
Another reason for using a general computer network as a surveillance network may be that the network that has to be built for the monitoring system may be used to connect other types of equipment, e.g. computers, servers and peripherals. For these reasons the technology suits organizations/persons in need of only a single or few monitoring devices as well as organizations/persons in need of a great number of monitoring devices.
In one such monitoring system the monitoring devices are arranged to send their monitoring data to a service server which processes the monitoring data or information in order to prepare the data for access to monitoring data by a user, for logging monitoring information, for storing monitoring data, or for other purposes known to a person skilled in the art of monitoring systems.
In general the monitoring devices of such system are manufactured by one company and the service server is maintained by a monitoring service provider, being another company. The monitoring service provider may be a company or organization specialized in providing such services. The monitoring service provider may, however, also be a company related to the monitored premises, areas and/or processes, i.e. the company owning or operating at the monitored sites. In the systems of today each monitoring device may be provided with the address to a service server by the user keying the address directly into the monitoring device. Another method for achieving a connection between the monitoring device and a service server is to connect to the service server via a computer connected to the computer network and register the monitoring device at the service server.
Today, such programming of an address to a service provider or registration of a monitoring device in a service server is performed by the user of or a person installing the monitoring device during the process of installing the monitoring device.
Some general problems associated with the above described monitoring systems are that the person performing the installation may not be experienced in programming monitoring devices, the programming may be time consuming, the person may enter erroneous data into the monitoring device.

Monitoring system and method for connecting a monitoring device to a service server


The invention relates to anti-skinning agents containing mixtures of organic compounds (combinations of additives), whereby the organic compounds are selected from the groups of (a) organic hydroxylamines and (b) alkylamines and/or alkyl alkanolamines and also relates to compositions containing the combination, especially oxidatively drying paints or coating compositions and article coated with such oxidatively drying paints or coating compositions.

Colorless and pigmented oxidatively drying paints and coatings based on oxidatively drying oils, alkyd resins, epoxy esters and other oxidatively drying refined oils are known. These oils and binders crosslink oxidatively under the influence of oxygen (preferably atmospheric oxygen) by means of the addition of driers, such as metal carboxylates of transition metals. If this crosslinking takes place before the product is actually used, they can form a solid barrier film, a skin, on the surface when stored in open or closed containers. This is highly undesirable and should therefore be avoided since it makes the paint more difficult to work with and commonly interferes with the uniform distribution of the driers. The accumulation of the driers in the paint skin that forms can lead to considerable delays in the drying of the paint when it is applied.
Skinning in the paint film after application is also disadvantageous. Excessively rapid drying of the surface of the paint prevents the lower film layers from drying evenly because they are shielded from oxygen, which is prevented from sufficiently penetrating into and dispersing within the paint film. This can lead among other things to flow problems in the paint film, adhesion problems, or insufficiently hard films.
It is known to add organic substances to the paint that inhibit the reaction of the drier metal with (atmospheric) oxygen by binding the oxygen or by complexing of the drier metal.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,618,371 describes the use of aliphatic α-hydroxy ketones as anti-skinning agents. DF-A 1 519 103 discloses N,N-dialkylated hydroxylamines for this purpose. Because of their low volatility, however, hydroxylamines alone can lead to severe delays in drying and often also to reduced film hardness values, so that their possible applications are limited. They have not been able to gain acceptance as anti-skinning agents. U.S. patent application publication No. 2003/0025105 describes the use of organic hydroxylamines such as diethylhydroxylamine and β-dicarbonyl compounds such as diethylformamide as anti-skinning agents.
Oximes or suitable phenolic compounds are mostly used today as anti-skinning agents in industry. The phenolic anti-skinning agents display a significant delay in surface drying, however, such that alone they are only suitable for certain coating compositions. Oximes such as e.g. methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO) or butyraldoxime, on the other hand, display only slight delays in surface drying due to their volatility. The most significant disadvantage of the oximes, which are widely used today, lies in their toxicity. As a consequence of this, users have to observe elaborate personal protection precautions when working with paints containing oximes as anti-skinning agents.
It was discovered that the use of mixtures containing the organic compounds described below provide inhibition of skinning with minimal impact on drying properties. In particular, the above-mentioned disadvantages of the specified hydroxylamines as anti-skinning agents could also be avoided by combining such substances with the additional compounds described below, and hence products that better satisfy requirements as anti-skinning agents are obtained.
In air-drying alkyd resin the mixtures according to the invention are suitable for preventing undesirable skinning and for improving the complete drying of resin films after application.

Antiskinning compound and compositions containing them


A measuring device includes a disc-shaped base substrate, sensor electrodes arranged circumferentially along a periphery of the base substrate, a high frequency oscillator configured to apply a high frequency signal to the sensor electrodes, C/V conversion circuits, each being configured to convert a voltage amplitude at a corresponding sensor electrode among the sensor electrodes to a voltage signal indicating an electrostatic capacitance, an A/D converter configured to convert the voltage signal outputted from each of the C/V conversion circuits to a digital value, and a switching mechanism configured to switch each sensor electrode of the sensor electrodes between a first state in which the sensor electrodes are electrically connected to the C/V conversion circuits and a second state in which electrode pairs are connected to different C/V conversion circuits among the C/V conversion circuits. Each electrode pair includes circumferentially adjacent two sensor electrodes among the sensor electrodes.

In manufacturing electronic devices such as semiconductor devices, a processing system for processing a disc-shaped target object is used. The processing system includes a transfer unit for transferring the target object and a processing unit for processing the target object. Generally, the processing unit includes a chamber body and a mounting table provided is the chamber body. The mounting table is configured to support the target object mounted thereon. The transfer unit is configured to transfer the target object onto the mounting table.
When the target object is processed by the processing unit, a position of the target object on the mounting table is important. Therefore, when the position of the target object on the mounting table is deviated from a predetermined position, it is required to adjust the transfer unit.
As for a technique for adjusting the transfer unit, there is known a technique described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2017-3557. In the technique described in Japanese Patent Application. Publication No. 2017-3557, a measuring device that is formed in the same disc shape as that of the target object and has an electrode for capacitance measurement is used. In the technique described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2017-3557, the measuring device is transferred onto the mounting table by the transfer unit. The electrostatic capacitance that is dependent on the position of the electrode on the mounting table measured, and the transfer unit is adjusted to correct the transfer position of the target object based on the measurement value.
The above-described measuring device obtains the measurement value of the electrostatic capacitance between the electrode and the target object facing the electrode. The electrostatic capacitance is in inverse proportion to the distance between the electrode and the target object. Therefore, as the distance between the electrode and the target object is increased, the acquired measurement value is decreased and the sensitivity is decreased. The area of the electrode may be increased to suppress the decrease in the sensitivity. However, if the area of the electrode is excessively increased, the measurement value is excessively increased when the distance between the electrode and toe target object is small, which makes appropriate measurement impossible. Therefore, it is required to appropriately obtain the measurement value of the electrostatic capacitance without depending on the distance between the electrode and the target object.

Measuring device and method for obtaining amount of deviation of measuring device


The method for establishing a connection by a HNB comprising operations of: the HNB transmitting an “attachment request” message to an operation and maintenance center (OMC); the OMC transmitting an “attachment response” message to the MB; the HNB establishing a connection with an MME indicated by the “attachment response” message. With the method proposed, a UE can switch between HNBs in the same CSG through interface X2. Meanwhile, such information as the radio resource management and so on can be exchanged between two HNBs.

A system structure of SAE according to the related art is illustrated in FIG. 1. The system structure of system architecture evolution (SAE) in FIG. 1 is described as following.
User Equipment 101 (hereinafter referred to as UE) is a terminal device used to receive data. 102 EUTRAN, also called ENB, is a radio access network of the LTE SAE, for providing interface through which an LTE mobile station accesses the radio network. Through interface S1, EUTRAN connects to a mobility management entity (MME) 103 and a user plane entity serving gateway (S-GW) 104 in the mobile station. MME 103 is adapted for managing mobile context, session context for the UE, and holding user information on security. S-GW 104 primarily provides a function of user plane. An interface S1-MME is adapted for establishing radio access bearer, forwarding messages from UE to MME through a wireless access network. The combination of MME 103 and S-GW 104 is similar to the original serving general packet radio service (GPRS) support node (SGSN) 106. It is possible that both MME and S-GW locate at the same physical entity. Packet data network (PDN) Gateway 105 is adapted for the functions like accounting, legally monitoring, etc. And it is possible that both the S-GW and the PDN Gateway locate at the same physical entity. SGSN 106 provides routing for data transmission in existing universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). An existing SGSN finds a corresponding gateway GPRS supporting node (GGSN) according to an access point name (APN). HSS 107 is a home subscription sub-system for the UE and is adapted for storing user information such as the current location of UE, address of the serving node, security information on the user, activated packet data protocol (PDP) context for the UE and so on. Policy and charging rules function (PCRF) 108 provides quality of service (QoS) policy and accounting rules through interface S7.
In general, a user data stream reaches the S-GW 104 through PDN Gateway 105. Then, through the GPRS tunnel protocol (GTP) channel, data is sent by the S-GW to the ENB where the UE locates in, and now it is sent by the ENB to corresponding UE.
HNB refers to a Node B applied in a home. It also can be applied in such site as a university, a company and so on. HNB is a plug and play device. Difference between an HNB and a general macro node B is that: in general not all user equipments (UEs) can access an HNB. For example, only the UEs in a user's home or that are allowed to access the HNB can access the corresponding HNB. And for the HNB in a company, only the company's staff and its allowed partners can access the HNB. The HNB group (e.g., the HNB in a company) bearing the same access subscriber cluster is called closed subscriber group (CSG). No interface X2 (interface between Node Bs in SAE) exists between general HNBs (e.g., the HNBs in homes) or between an HNB and a macro Node B. Through interface S1, a UE switches between HNBs or between an HNB and a macro Node B.
For an HNB applied in a company or university or the like, a UE frequently moves between two HNBs in the same company. In this case, the switch is always implemented through interface S1 so that great delay causes and efficiency is very poor. In addition, information such as radio resource management and so on cannot be exchanged between two HNBs in the same company so that resources cannot be utilized effectively.
The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the present disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the present disclosure.

Method for establishing connection by HNB


XPS documents are created and accessed via a collection of interfaces of various classes of an application programming interface. The application programming interface includes a document sequence class for reading and writing the document sequence of the XPS document, a fixed document class for reading and writing the fixed documents of the document sequence, a page class for reading and writing the pages of the fixed documents, and a resource class for accessing the resources of each page. Applications seeking to create or read XPS documents may utilize the application programming interface such that the complexities of creating and accessing the XPS document are abstracted away.

Electronic documents are convenient in that they can be created, edited, and transported by a user of a personal computer. However, electronic documents are often tied to a specific computer application of the computer application. Furthermore, the specific computer application is tied to a specific operating system of the personal computer. While it may be convenient to create, edit, and transport the electronic document, exchanging the document between computer systems such as when electronically sending the electronic document to a different user requires that the personal computer of the different user also have the same application, and to the extent the application is limited to a specific operating system, then also have the specific operating system to implement the application.
Even for ubiquitous computer operating systems and corresponding application programs, there is no guarantee that a user being sent an electronic document will have the correct application necessary to view and print the electronic document. Furthermore, where the application being used to generate the electronic document is a custom application written for a specific operating system, the probability is much greater that at some point a user being sent the electronic document for purposes of viewing and/or printing the electronic document will not have the appropriate application. As an additional problem, there may be instances where there are multiple electronic documents corresponding to multiple applications that are being transferred to another user or personal computer for display and printing such that the probability is higher that the destination user and personal computer will not have all of the applications necessary to view and print all of the electronic documents.

Interfaces for creation and access of extensible markup language paper specification documents


A door mechanism pulling a door closed for latching. A puller tongue is triggered to release when adjacent a strike plate or jamb of a door. The puller tongue pushes the door completely closed resulting in latching. A setting lever is rotated upon turning a door knob setting the puller tongue in a retracted position. A raising lever and pendulum selectively cause the releasing of the puller tongue when the latch contacts a strike plate or jamb of a door and prevents releasing of the puller tongue when a door knob is turned. A door is caused to securely latch even though the door is closing slowly and with little force.

Pneumatic door closers often may not be adjusted properly to cause a door to close and latch completely. Often the door may close lightly with the latch resting on a strike plate or the jamb.
There are pneumatic door closers that are intended to provide improved door closing. One such pneumatic door closer is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,051,534 entitled "Pneumatic Door Closer" and issuing to Valentine Luca on Nov. 8, 2011. Therein disclosed is a pneumatic door closer that provides a controlled rate of closing motion that is generally uniform, smooth, and safe in moving from an open to closed position. While these and other pneumatic door closers have improved the closing of a door, often the door does not completely close and latch. This may be due to inappropriate adjustment of the pneumatic mechanism or temperature changes that affect the pneumatic mechanism.
Therefore, there is a need for a mechanism to assure that the door is latched when closed. There is an additional need for a mechanism that is compact such that it could be fitted inside and made part of a conventional door latch.


Method and system for adjusting the amount of energy delivered to a handpiece of a surgical system based on feedback. A table is generated that correlates differences between voltages and rates of change of a voltage of the output of a charging element of the surgical system. Charge values of the table, such as minimum and maximum charge rates, can be generated using profile pulses and the time that is required for a pulse to reach a predetermined voltage. Intermediate charge rates can be determined using interpolation or other suitable methods. The output of the charging element is monitored at a voltage source, such as a capacitor, to determine first and second voltages at different times. These voltages are reduced if necessary for compatibility with electronic components and converted into digital values. A difference between two digital values is determined, and the determined difference is used to determine a corresponding rate at which the charging element charges the voltage source. The charge rate is provided as an input to the charging element to dynamically adjust the charge rate which, in turn, dynamically adjusts the energy provided by the voltage source to the liquefaction handpiece.

The human eye functions to provide vision by transmitting light through a clear outer portion called the cornea, and focusing the image by way of a lens onto a retina. The quality of the focused image depends on many factors including the size and shape of the eye, and the transparency of the cornea and lens. When age or disease causes the lens to become less transparent, vision deteriorates because of the diminished light that can be transmitted to the retina. This deficiency is medically known as a cataract. An accepted treatment for cataracts is to surgically remove the cataract and replace the diseased lens with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). In the United States, most cataractous lenses are removed using a surgical technique called phacoemulsification. During this procedure, a thin cutting tip or needle is inserted into the diseased lens and vibrated ultrasonically. The vibrating cutting tip liquefies or emulsifies the lens, which is aspirated out of the eye. The diseased lens, once removed, is replaced by an IOL.
More recently, water-jet based liquefaction devices that generate pulses of heated surgical solution have been introduced for cataract surgery and other ophthalmic procedures and treatments. Liquefaction handpieces heat a balanced salt solution, and the heated solution removes the cataractous lens. For example, FIG. 1 generally illustrates an AquaLase® handpiece, available from Alcon Laboratories, Forth Worth, Tex. The device or handpiece assembly 10 (generally "handpiece") shown in FIG. 1 includes a body 11, such as a titanium handpiece body, a tip 12, such as a polymer tip, an irrigation sleeve 13, an aspiration line 14, a solution line 15, e.g., for a balanced salt solution, and an irrigation line 16.
The tip 12 is disposed at the end of the handpiece 10. The irrigation sleeve 12, is placed over the tip 12 to provide an environment for irrigation solution to be delivered to the eye via the irrigation line 16. The aspiration line 14 carries fluid that is drawn from the eye by a vacuum, and the solution line 15 delivers a heated balanced salt solution, which breaks apart the cataract. Irrigation fluid is delivered through the irrigation line 16 and flushes cataractous material that is removed or broken by the balanced salt solution.
Referring to FIGS. 2A and 2B, in use, the distal end of the tip 12 is placed within a cataract 20 in an eye 21 and propels pulses of heated solution 22 through the tip 12 and at the cataract 20. Each pulse 22 can include about four microliters of solution 22. The solution 22 is heated by heating elements 23 within the handpiece 10 as the solution 22 passes between the elements 23 and through the handpiece body 11. The amount of energy 24 provided to the handpiece 10 is a factor that controls the temperature of the heating elements 23 and the heating of the solution 22. The pulses of warmed solution 22 impact the cataract 20, resulting in liquefaction, during which the cataract 20 is eroded or dissolved. Cataract material 20 can then be washed and aspirated from the eye 21.
Liquefaction handpieces provide a number of advantages over other surgical systems and handpieces. For example, since liquefaction handpieces do not involve ultrasonic motion, they facilitate a watertight incision in the eye and provide various safety advantages, including reduced risk of capsule rupture and reduced eye turbulence. Liquefaction handpieces also typically operate at lower temperatures compared to other handpieces (since they do not have any moving parts), thus reducing thermal stress to the eye. Liquefaction handpieces can also be easier for a surgeon to control and manipulate. While liquefaction has been successfully used and provides various benefits and alternative surgical solutions, the manner in which energy is delivered to the liquefaction handpiece can be improved to provide improved control over the solution pulses delivered to the cataract.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, one known liquefaction handpiece includes a mechanism that is responsible for controlling the operation and the handpiece and control parameters. The mechanism includes an amplifier or engine 30 that produces "High-Voltage" (HV) energy 31. FIG. 4 illustrates HV energy as a continuous series of pulses 31. A gating mechanism or other suitable component 32 generates a series of control or RF Enable pulses (RFEN) 33. The control pulses 33 define an active period 34 and an inactive period 35. The active period 34 serves as a gate to pass pulses 31 from the HV engine 30, whereas pulses 31 are not provided as an output during the inactive period 35, resulting in a series of HV pulses 33 that are provided to the liquefaction handpiece device 10.
It is important to control, maintain, and monitor the amount of HV energy that is generate by the engine 30 and applied and utilized by the handpiece 10 for optimum handpiece 10 operation. Theoretical handpiece operation is based on a constant voltage source, the output of which is provided to a capacitor that is charged and periodically discharged to provide energy to the handpiece in a series of controlled pulses. Referring to FIG. 5, HV energy, therefore, is required to be present only for those instances where the energy is applied to the handpiece using the RFEN pulses 33 during a burst signal or window 50. The combination of software and hardware support provides a virtual constant voltage for the handpiece.
With the controls shown in FIGS. 3-5, capacitors must be fully charged by the time a control pulse triggers discharge of a capacitor to provide stored energy to the handpiece. Known systems typically charge capacitors as quickly as possible to ensure that the capacitors are sufficiently charged or provide a constant voltage source through a transformer, which can be large and bulky, e.g., about 12″×12″. Further, capacitors are charged as quickly as possible since the circuit can be easily implemented by pre-setting the charge rate. As a result, however, at the beginning of a capacitor recharge cycle, charging the capacitor as quickly as possible results in a current spike, which can complicate circuit design and reduce circuit performance and place unnecessary burdens on the system power source.
While known control and recharging systems has been used effectively in the past to drive liquefaction handpieces, they can be improved by using feedback to adjust and adapt operating parameters that are suitable for different handpieces and handpiece components. Systems should also be able to adapt to different components and their operation rather than relying on preset operating parameters that cannot be adjusted. Further, known systems can be improved by allowing for system adjustments that more accurately reflect actual operation of system components. Systems should also be more efficient by reducing or eliminating current spikes in favor of more gradual current transitions. Embodiments of the invention fulfill these unmet needs.

Method for dynamically adjusting operation of a surgical handpiece


An optical scanning device and synchronizing signal detecting method, in which beams before or after an effective scanning width are identically reflected in an opposite direction of a scanning path upon being incident to a reflection unit to return to a light source unit via a focal unit and a deflection unit and signal change is induced within the light source unit upon the return of the beams, thereby detecting a synchronizing signal according to the signal change to simplifying the construction. The optical device includes the light source unit having a laser diode for radiating the beams and a photodiode for detecting the beams output, the deflection unit for deflecting the beams outgoing from the light source unit by a regular angle of view, and the focal unit for converging the beams outgoing from the deflection unit and scanning them onto a photosensitive drum. Also, a detection unit reflects the beams before or after an effective scanning width among the beams scanning the photosensitive drum in the direction opposite to the scanning path to supply them to the light source unit, and a synchronizing signal generating part detects a synchronizing signal when the photodiode induces the signal change by the beams reflected to the light source unit.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical scanning device and synchronizing signal detecting method thereof, and more particularly to an optical scanning device and synchronizing signal detecting method thereof, wherein beams scanning during a procedure of converging the beams radiated from a light source unit to reach a photosensitive drum in the form of spots are partially and identically reflected in a direction opposite to a beam scanning path to be incident to the light source unit, thereby inducing signal change within the light source unit and, at this time, detecting a synchronizing signal.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Generally, in optical scanning devices, as shown in FIG. 10, beams radiated from a light source unit 1 internally equipped with a laser diode are transformed into parallel beams which are in parallel with one another in a main scanning direction and a sub-scanning direction while passing through a collimator lens 2. The parallel beams pass through a slit member 2a having a hole elongated in the main scanning direction via a portion corresponding to the hole, and then converge in the sub-scanning direction on a cylindrical lens 2b.
The beams having converged in the sub-scanning direction are incident to a deflection unit 3 to be reflected thereafter in the state of having a regular angle of view by a polygon mirror 3a which is rotated at high speed, thereby outgoing toward a focal unit 4. Here, focal unit 4 is of a scanning system lens which may consist of a toric lens 4a and a focusing lens 4b for converging to make the incident beams outgoing to a photosensitive drum 5. Here, photosensitive drum 5 is provided with an interval for forming a focus image by the scanning beams, i.e., an effective scanning width 5a, and a detection unit 6 is furnished for generating a synchronizing signal that constantly synchronizes effective scanning width 5a.
Detection unit 6 serves by detecting the beams before or after effective scanning width 5a to generate the synchronizing signal, which is equipped with a reflection mirror 6a for reflecting some of the beams outgoing toward photosensitive drum 5 into the other direction. The beams reflected by reflection mirror 6a are the beams before or after effective scanning width 5a, which are converged in the main scanning direction during a procedure of passing through a beam detect lens 6b and are incident to a photodiode 6d after passing through a slit 6c having a small aperture. Photodiode 6d detects the synchronizing signal by means of the incident beams.
In association with the conventional optical scanning device constructed as above, the beams radiated from light source unit 1 are changed into the beams of which main scanning and sub scanning become in parallel while passing through collimator lens 2. Thereafter, the beams in the sub-scanning direction converge while passing through slit 2a and cylindrical lens 2b. The beams having converged in the sub-scanning direction scan photosensitive drum 5 under the state of having the regular angle of view at polygon mirror 3a. Also, the beams converge in the main scanning direction by focal unit 4 to be formed as the spots before scanning to photosensitive drum 5 and then are incident to photosensitive drum 5.
Detection unit 6 detects the beams before or after effective scanning width 5a of photosensitive drum 5 to generate the synchronizing signal. The beams reflected from polygon mirror 3a are reflected toward photodiode 6d by reflection mirror 6a before reaching effective scanning width 5a or passing through effective scanning width 5a of photosensitive drum 5. At this time, the beams converge while passing through cylindrical lens 6b and focused while passing through slit 6c prior to being incident to photodiode 6d. Then, photodiode 6d generates the synchronizing signal in accordance with the incident beams.
However, when considering the conventional detection unit, the beams before or after effective scanning width 5a are reflected by reflection mirror 6a, and the reflected beams are incident toward separately-provided photodiode 6d, so that the synchronizing signal is detected. Furthermore, cylindrical lens 6b and slit 6c should be employed for converging the beams incident toward photodiode 6d to have drawbacks of complicating the construction and increasing the number of parts. In addition to these, photodiode 6d, cylindrical lens 6b, slit 6c and the like are to be fixedly installed into the interior of the optical scanning device to make the device bulky to hinder fabrication of the optical scanning device having a small size.

Optical scanning device and a synchronizing signal detecting method thereof


Differential crystal oscillator circuits are disclosed that may provide low-power, low phase noise operation, and prevent latching at low frequency by providing a low impedance DC path using active super diodes.

Wireless devices may communicate with other devices using multiple technologies, including wireless local area network (WLAN) signals (e.g., 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 60 GHz signaling), BLUETOOTH® (BT or Bluetooth) signals, near field communication (NFC) signals, and cellular signals such as long term evolution (LTE) signals. For example, a wireless device may include a transmitter to transmit communication signals to other devices, and may include a receiver to receive communication signals from other devices.
Some transmitted communication signals may include one or more undesired signal components. These undesired signal components may include unwanted harmonics of clock signals. These unwanted harmonics, which are commonly referred to as frequency spurs, may degrade performance of the device.
Many wireless devices include crystal oscillators to generate clock signals. For example, a crystal oscillator may be used to generate a highly accurate reference clock signal that, in turn, may be used to generate radio-frequency (RF) signals such as carrier signals and local oscillator (LO) signals. Unwanted harmonics of the clock signal generated by the crystal oscillator may be coupled into other sensitive circuits and components of the wireless device, and may undesirably appear at outputs of the wireless device's transceiver.
Thus, it is desirable to reduce or eliminate these unwanted clock signal harmonics.

Stable differential crystal oscillator with active super diodes


Embodiments herein describe a fiber array unit (FAU) configured to optically couple a photonic chip with a plurality of optical fibers. Epoxy can be used to bond the FAU to the photonic chip. However, curing the epoxy between the FAU and the photonic chip is difficult. As such, the FAU can include one or more optical windows etched into or completely through a non-transparent layer that overlap the epoxy disposed on the photonic chip. UV radiation can be emitted through the optical windows to cure the underlying epoxy. In one example, the windows can also be used for dispensing epoxy. In addition to the optical windows, the FAU can include alignment protrusions (e.g., frustums) which mate or interlock with respective alignment receivers in the photonic chip. Doing so may facilitate passive alignment of the optical fibers in the FAU to an optical interface in the photonic chip.

Generally, photonic chips have interfaces to permit optical signals to be received from an optical source (e.g., a laser or an optical fiber) or transmitted to an optical fiber. One such method is edge coupling where the optical fiber is coupled to the edge of the photonic chip. As the level of integration, speed of operation, and functionality increase, photonic chips are running out of peripheral bond pad space to allow wire bond based interconnection to the underlying substrate or printed circuit board (PCB). Thus, photonic chips with Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) are highly desirable as they allow for higher density of interconnects and reduce the resistance as well as inductance associated with the wirebond connections. It is also desirable to develop lower cost and more efficient approaches to attach optical components, such as fibers and lasers, to these TSV-compatible photonics chips.
To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements disclosed in one embodiment may be beneficially utilized on other embodiments without specific recitation.


A device and method are presently disclosed. The computer implemented method, includes at an electronic device with a touch-sensitive display, displaying a still image on the touch-sensitive display, while displaying the still image, detecting user's finger contact with the touch-sensitive display, and in response to detecting the user's finger contact, video recording the still image.

As known in the art, creating music videos requires initially recording a video followed by adding sound (i.e. music) during a separate editing process. This is very time consuming and costly.
As known in the art, to make a video of a still image requires positioning a video camera above the printed image and videotaping the printed image. This is also very time consuming as it requires the video camera to be positioned at such an angle as to hide the edges of the printed image and to remove any glare if the printed image is printed on a glossy paper.
As known in the art, to combine two videos requires users to separately record each video and use a separate editing process to combine them into one. This is also very time consuming and costly.
Embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure overcome the limitations of the prior art.
In the following description, like reference numbers are used to identify like elements. Furthermore, the drawings are intended to illustrate major features of exemplary embodiments in a diagrammatic manner. The drawings are not intended to depict every feature of every implementation nor relative dimensions of the depicted elements, and are not drawn to scale.


The present invention provides a method of inhibiting tumor-mediated immunosuppression in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent that inhibits the activity of Semaphorin 4D.

Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a malignancy of high morbidity and mortality, with 45,780 new cases and 8,650 estimated deaths of oral and pharyngeal cancer estimated to occur in the United States in the year 2015 (Siegel et al., 2015. CA Cancer J Clin 65: 5-29). There is accumulating evidence indicating the immune-modulatory effects of HNSCC by which it can escape and/or suppress the immune system (Hadden et al., 1994. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 120: 395-403; Katz, A. E. 1993. Med Clin North Am 77: 625-631; Vlock, D. R. 1991. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 5: 797-820; Russell et al., 2011. Oral Oncol 47: 810-817; Gildener-Leapman et al., 2013. Oral Oncol 49: 1089-1096).
Myeloid Derived Suppressor cells (MDSC) have been described in peripheral blood, draining lymphoid tissue and tumor tissue of several malignancies (Russell et al., 2011. Oral Oncol 47: 810-817; Lechner et al., 2011. J Transl Med 9: 90; Vasquez-Dunddel et al., 2013. J Clin Invest 123: 1580-1589; Gabitass et al., 2011. Cancer Immunol Immunother 60: 1419-1430; Filipazzi et al., 2012. Cancer Immunol Immunother 61: 255-263). Circulating MDSC correlated with advanced stages of HNSCC (stages III and IV) as well as in other carcinomas (Vasquez-Dunddel et al., 2013. J Clin Invest 123: 1580-1589; Filipazzi et al., 2012. Cancer Immunol Immunother 61: 255-263; Vuk-Pavlovic et al., 2010. Prostate 70: 443-455). MDSC represent a key player in immune regulation in the tumor microenvironment. It is generally agreed that they comprise a heterogeneous population of myeloid progenitor cells and immature myeloid cells that have a suppressive function on T cells (Gabrilovich et al., 2009. Nat Rev Immunol 9: 162-174; Talmadge et al., 2013. Nat Rev Cancer 13: 739-752). MDSC described in human malignancies have the phenotype of CD33+, CD11b+, and non-lineage determined (Lin−) with poor antigen presentation abilities (HLA-DR−/low). They can have a pro-granulocytic phenotype expressing CD66b or CD15 (PMNL-MDSC) or monocytic features (M-MDSC) expressing CD14 (Filipazzi et al., 2012. Cancer Immunol Immunother 61: 255-263; Lechner et al., 2010. J Immunol 185: 2273-2284; Gabrilovich et al., 2012. Nat Rev Immunol 12: 253-268). MDSC induce their immune suppressive effect mainly through production of arginase-1 and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) which consume extracellular arginine and accordingly suppress T cell activation in an antigen non-specific manner in the tumor microenvironment. While they mediated antigen specific suppression by NADPH oxidase (NOX2) production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, particularly in peripheral lymphoid tissue, as well as by other mechanisms (Gabrilovich et al., 2009. Nat Rev Immunol 9: 162-174; Gabrilovich et al., 2012. Nat Rev Immunol 12: 253-268; Condamine et al., 2011. Trends Immunol 32: 19-25; Corzo et al., 2010. J Exp Med 207: 2439-2453). In addition to direct T cell suppression, recent evidence suggests a role for MDSC in the expansion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+, regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment through both TGF-β dependent and independent pathways (Vuk-Pavlovic et al., 2010. Prostate 70: 443-455; Capparuccia et al., 2009. J Cell Sci 122: 1723-1736). While several mechanisms have been described by which tumor cells induce MDSC, the specific pathways by which HNSCC recruit, expand, and activate MDSC remain to be investigated (Gabrilovich et al., 2012. Nat Rev Immunol 12: 253-268; Pak et al., 1995. Clin Cancer Res 1: 95-103; Young et al., 1997. Int J Cancer 74: 69-74).
Tumor cells overexpress several cytokines in order to manipulate their own microenvironment, among which are multiple Semaphorins, that have the potential to act on different stromal cells (Capparuccia et al., 2009. J Cell Sci 122: 1723-1736). Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D; CD100) is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the fourth group of the Semaphorin family that can also be found in a soluble form following proteolytic cleavage. It was initially identified as an evolutionarily conserved chemo-repellant protein that regulates axonal guidance in the developing nervous system (Kolodkin et al., 1993. Cell 75: 1389-1399). Later on, its interactions in other systems were emphasized, including the cardiovascular system and immune system. In the immune system, Sema4D is described to be expressed abundantly on resting T cells and weakly on resting B cells and APCs (Delaire et al., 1998. Cell Mol Life Sci 54: 1265-1276; Roth et al., 2009. Cell Mol Life Sci 66: 649-666; Bismuth et al., 2002. Sci STKE 2002: re4; Shi et al., 2000. Immunity 13: 633-642; Tamagnone et al., 2004. EMBO Rep 5: 356-361). Two opposing roles of Sema4D have been described in the immune system. One role is a pro-inflammatory response; where for example in the humoral and cell mediated immune system, Sema4D acts on B cells and dendritic cells, respectively, promoting pro-inflammatory cytokines (Shi et al., 2000. Immunity 13: 633-642; Tamagnone et al., 2004. EMBO Rep 5: 356-361; Ishida et al., 2003. Int Immunol 15: 1027-1034). Sema4D expressed by T cells and NK cells has also been implicated in their activation through a Sema4D associated tyrosine kinase (Elhabazi et al., 1997. J Blot Chem 272: 23515-23520), and has been shown to play a role in T cell priming and accordingly in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (Okuno et al., 2010. J Immunol 184: 1499-1506). While on the other hand, an anti-inflammatory role of Sema4D in the immune system has also been described. On monocytes and immature dendritic cells, Sema4D can act on Plexin C1 and Plexin B1, respectively, inhibiting their migration, but not that of mature dendritic cells, which can provide more interaction between immature myeloid cells and T cells (Chabbert-de Ponnat et al., 2005. Int Immunol 17: 439-447; Delaire et al., 2001. J Immunol 166: 4348-4354). Furthermore, in vitro studies have shown that Sema4D can modulate cytokine production by monocytes and dendritic cells, and can induce a significant increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and a decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α (Tamagnone et al., 2004. EMBO Rep 5: 356-361; Chabbert-de Ponnat et al., 2005. Int Immunol 17: 439-447; Delaire et al., 2001. J Immunol 166: 4348-4354).
The role of Sema4D produced by tumor cells in inducing tumor angiogenesis, invasiveness and progression has been demonstrated in several malignancies, both in human and animal models, and correlates with poor prognosis (Basile et al., 2006. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 9017-9022; Zhou et al., 2012. Exp Cell Res 318: 1685-1698; Zhou et al., 2012. Angiogenesis; Mu et al., 2014. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 17: 388-392; Liu et al., 2014. Microvasc Res 93: 1-8; Ch'ng, et al., 2010. Mol Cancer 9: 251; Chen et al., 2012. Int J Mot Sci 13: 13264-13274). Sema4D overexpression has been described in a large number of human HNSCC tumor tissue samples and in a panel of primary and metastatic cell lines (Basile et al., 2006. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 9017-9022). In the tumor microenvironment, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) were reported to be the main producers of Sema4D in a mouse breast cancer model (Sierra et al., 2008. J Exp Med 205: 1673-1685).
There is a need to develop new methods for enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic approaches and for treating cancer. The present invention satisfies this need and provides additional advantages as well.
This background information is provided for informational purposes only. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should it be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present invention.

Method for monitoring cancer and for regulation of semaphorin 4D to improve cancer immunotherapy regimens


A time division multiplexed communications system is disclosed. The system includes multiple transceiver pairs. Each of the transceiver pairs operates according to its own timer. The transceiver pairs each include circuitry that synchronizes the respective timers to a common frequency signal supplied to each of the transceiver pairs. By so synchronizing the timer of each transceiver pair to a common frequency signal, transmissions of all the transceiver pairs in the system are synchronized. Synchronization of transmissions can reduce noise and interference between neighboring transceiver pairs.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to systems and methods for synchronizing timing of transceiver pairs and, more particularly, relates to systems and methods for controlling the synchronization of time division multiplexes of transceiver pairs by adjusting the receiver timers to synchronize the transmitter timers.
2. Description of the Related Art
Time division multiplexed (TDM) communications systems comprise multiple transmitters and receivers that share a common communication channel. Sharing of the common channel among the several users in such systems is possible because each user is allowed to use the channel only for a given period of time in a defined, repeated sequence. In this manner, time division permits the transmission of two or more signals over a common channel path by using different time intervals for the transmission of the intelligence of each message signal.
Cordless telephony is increasing in popularity, both in the United States and other countries. The conventional corded telephone consists of a base unit and a handset unit connected by an electrical cord. Because of the connection of base unit and handset unit in the conventional corded telephone, the user's range of motion is limited to the extent of the electrical cord. Cordless telephones, on the other hand, allow the user greater range of motion while using the telephone. Instead of a physical electrical cord connecting handset and base unit, cordless telephone handset and base units communicate with each other over a communication channel established by the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves, conventionally radio waves.
Several cordless telephone system standards were previously developed and have been implemented. Most of the cordless telephone systems today conform to one of those standards. One standard, Cordless Telephony Generation 2 (CT2) interface specification for digital technology, is currently widely followed in the United Kingdom and certain European countries. The CT2 standard has been accepted by the European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETSI) as an interim European standard. In the U.S., a different standard, the Digital European Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) standard, has been most commonly followed. It appears the CT2 standard will shortly become the European country permanent standard and that such standard will be adopted in other countries, including those of Asia and the Pacific Rim.
In any TDM communications system (whether based on the CT2 standard, the DECT standard, or other), it is a design objective to provide the best possible transceiver pair transmission and reception. In those systems, however, the several transceiver pairs that comprise the system are often located in relatively close proximity. In particular in the case of cordless telephones of those systems, relatively close proximity of the several cordless base stations can result in significant noise and interference between base stations.
This noise and interference between base stations can occur, in particular, when the several transmitters transmit at different times and/or the several receivers receive at different times. The noise and interference occurs because the transmitters generate radio frequency (RF) energy at a high level relative to the low level at which the receivers detect RF energy. If the transmitters of the system are not synchronized, a base station receiver must reject the high level transmission of neighboring transmitters in order to suitably receive the low level intended to be received by the base station receiver. It has been discovered in connection with the present invention that synchronizing transmissions and receptions among the individual telephone units in cordless telephone systems can eliminate much of the noise and interference. If the transmitters of the system are synchronized per the present invention, all transmitters transmit at the same time and all receivers receive at the same time. Therefore, interference and noise from neighboring transmitters may be eliminated because reception and transmission will always occur at different times within the system.
In the prior technology, it has been possible to program the transmit counter of each individual telephone unit of the system to be ahead in time of the particular unit's receiver counter by some arbitrary amount which is referred to as the modem delay for the system. Modem delay is comprised of two components, transmit modem delay and receive modem delay. The sum of these components is the modem delay for the particular telephone unit of the system. In the prior technology, the user had to measure the modem delay of each individual telephone unit of the system and then program each particular unit to account for the particular modem delay of the unit. As is apparent, this accounts with respect to each individual telephone unit for the modem delay experienced by that unit; however, it does not necessarily synchronize all transmissions and receptions of every telephone unit in the system.
The present invention utilizes the receiver modem delay of each individual telephone unit within a cordless telephone system to provide synchronization of transmit signals throughout the system. In this manner, the present invention eliminates base unit transmit signal interference, even among neighboring telephone units of the system. The present invention is thought to be particularly effective when implemented in systems and methods of cordless telephony. In particular, the present invention is particularly desirable in the case of cordless telephone systems comprising multiple base units and handset units and which conform to the CT2 standard. Though particularly desirable in those applications, it is believed the invention can further solve many other diverse problems found in telephone and digital communications and device systems generally, regardless of particular standards, if any, which may apply. As will be apparent, the present invention has numerous and varied application and is a significant improvement in the art.

Burst synchronization of time division multiplexed transceiver pairs


In a client/server system in which user environments for utilization of systems differ for individual systems, a user environment managing method permits a system manager or a user authorized for management to arrange/remove different user environments. In response to a user environment arranging/removing request by a user, a computer system constituting a user information managing system distributes to a plurality of sub-systems processing procedure files for user environment arrangement/removal and information pieces on individual users. On the basis of the distributed information pieces, user environment arrangement/removal is carried out for the plurality of sub-systems in parallel.

The present invention relates to management of a user in a network dispersed environment, more particularly to a user environment managing method for arranging and/or removing a user environment.
In the case where a computer system including a database is placed in an environment in which the system is accessed by many users, it is frequent with the aim of protecting the system from being utilized by an unauthorized user that only a system manager is authorized to arrange or rearrange an environment necessary for a user to utilize the system. In this case, according to a conventional method, a user who wishes to utilize the system asks the system manager to arrange a user environment and the system manager engages in arrangement of the user environment. Similarly, when the utilization of the system ends, the user asks the system manager to remove the user environment and the asked system manager engages in removal of the user environment.
In recent years, a large-scale system configuration in which a plurality of systems are connected to each other through a network has been exemplified widely. In this type of system configuration, different user environments are often set up for individual systems, thus increasing the load of management work imposed on the system manager who arrange the user environments.
The aforementioned conventional method raises the problems as below.
(1) Since the user environment for utilization of system differs for individual systems, the system manager is required to perform the processing of arranging/removing user environments which differ for the individual systems and the work of user environment arranging/removing imposes a large load on the system manager who manages a plurality of systems.
(2) Since only the system manager is authorized to perform the processing of arranging/removing user environments, an ordinary user who wishes to start and end the utilization of a system must ask the system manager to arrange or remove a user environment.

Method of arranging and removing user environment in computer network