The present invention relates to an external communication jack for a mobile terminal that prevents damage caused by rotation of a plug inserted therein. The external communication jack comprises a body having an insertion passage for accepting a plug, a terminal mounting part formed on the body for mounting the plug, a connection terminal formed at an outer surface of the terminal mounting part and operatively coupled to circuitry for operating the mobile terminal, and a rotation preventing part formed on at least one of an outer surface of the terminal mounting part and an inner surface of the connection terminal, wherein the rotation preventing part at least partially prevents rotation of the connection terminal with respect to the terminal mounting part.

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an external communication jack of a mobile terminal in accordance with the related art. FIG. 2 is a sectional view illustrating a state where a plug of an earphone is insertedly positioned in the external communication jack in accordance with the related art.
The related art external communication jack 110 includes a body 106 mounted in a printed circuit board (PCB) 102 of a mobile terminal and an insertion passage 108 formed at its central portion, into which a plug 104 of an earphone is inserted. Platy connection terminals 120a, 120b and 120c are mounted at certain intervals in the insertion passage 108 of the body 106, which are soldered to the PCB 102 so as to be electrically operational with a bar-type connection part 138 of the plug 104. An annular connection terminal 122 is mounted at a front side of the body 106, into which an annular connection part 130 of the plug 104 is inserted.
The plug 104 of the earphone includes a plug body 132 to which a wire is connected. First, second and third connection portions 134a, 134b and 134c, respectively, extend from the plug body 132 and are sequentially formed at certain intervals with an insulation layer 136 positioned as a boundary therebetween. The annular connection part 130 is mounted at the plug body 132 and formed in a ring shape with a certain interval at an outer circumferential surface of the bar-type connection part 138.
The platy connection terminals 120a, 120b and 120c which contact the bar-type connection part 138 in the insertion passage 108 are sequentially mounted at the body 106, and a cylindrical terminal mounting part 140 is formed at the front side of the body 106, on which the annular connection terminal 122 is mounted.
The first connection terminal 120a elastically contacts the first connection portion 134a. The second connection terminal 120b is disposed at a certain distance from the first connection terminal 120a and contacts the second connection portion 134b. The third connection terminal 120c is disposed at a certain distance from the second connection terminal 120b and contacts the third connection portion 134c.
The annular connection terminal 122 is formed at the outer circumference of the terminal mounting part 140. A connection plate 142 for transmitting an electrical signal is integrally connected to the PCB 102 by soldering or the like. Specifically, the connection plate 142 is formed as a thin plate type, integrally extends from a rear side of the annular connection terminal 122, is fixed to the body 106, and is connected to the PCB 102 by soldering or the like.
When the plug 104 is mounted to the conventional external communication jack 110, the bar-type connection part 138 of the plug 104 is inserted into the insertion passage 108 and the annular connection part 130 is mounted at the outer circumference of the annular connection terminal 122.
Moreover, the first connection portion 134a of the bar-type connection part 138 contacts the first connection terminal 120a mounted inside the insertion passage 108, the second connection portion 134b contacts the second connection terminal 120b, and the third connection portion 134c contacts the third connection terminal 120c. As stated above, the annular connection part 130 is mounted at the outer circumferential surface of the annular connection terminal 122. Thus, an electrical signal of the mobile terminal can be transmitted to the earphone or an electrical signal of the earphone can be transmitted to the mobile terminal.
However, the related art external communication jack has the following problems.
In a state where the plug 104 is mounted in the external communication jack 110, when the plug 104 is rotated by a user, the annular connection part 130 positioned at the annular connection terminal 122 will also be rotated. Accordingly, a rotational moment is generated at the annular connection terminal 122. This is problematic because a connection portion between the annular connection terminal 122 and the connection plate 142 can be damaged as a result of the generated rotational moment. Moreover, the soldered portion between the connection plate 142 and the PCB 102 can be damaged.
Specifically, when the plug 104 is rotated while being insertedly positioned in the external communication jack 110, because the annular connection part 130 of the plug 104 is elastically installed at the annular connection terminal 122, the rotational force of a rotated annular connection part 130 is transferred to the annular connection terminal 122 to continuously generate a rotational moment at the annular connection terminal 122. This damages a portion between the annular connection terminal 122 and the connection plate 142 and may further damage a soldered portion between the PCB 102 and the connection plate 142.

External communication jack for mobile terminal


A scan type digital X-ray imaging apparatus comprising an X-ray generator for emitting X-ray slit beams, an X-ray detector for detecting X-ray transmitted through an object to be examined, and an object fixing means disposed between the X-ray generator and the X-ray detector, for holding the object in an appropriate position for X-ray photography, in which X-ray beam scanning is performed in a manner that the X-ray slit beam is emitted from the X-ray generator for the object while the X-ray generator and the X-ray detector are synchronously moved in the same direction with the object interposed therebetween, thereby producing an X-ray image of the object. In the X-ray imaging apparatus, the scanning speed of the X-ray slit beam is controlled depending on the X-ray transmitted amount through the object to be examined detected by the X-ray detector during the X-ray beam scanning is performed, whereby soft and hard tissues appearing in the X-ray image are amended in each contrast and/or in each density.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an improvement of a scan type digital X-ray imaging apparatus which has an X-ray detector capable of outputting digitalizable data or digital data upon receiving X-ray like a dental digital cephalometric X-ray imaging apparatus and wherein the X-ray slit beam scans an object to be examined while the X-ray slit beam emitted from the X-ray generator and the X-ray detector are synchronously moved in the same direction and an X-ray image of the object is produced.
2. Prior Art
Conventionally, an X-ray slit beam has scanned the head of the patient, which is an object to be examined, to obtain an X-ray image by a scan type digital X-ray imaging apparatus for medical use for example a dental cephalometric imaging apparatus disclosed in JP-A-7-143981. However, according to such an apparatus, when trying to make an image of a hard tissue such as a skull and a dental jaw bone clear by emitting a X-ray slit beam uniformly onto the head to be scanned, the images of a soft tissue such as skin and lips haven't been made clear. In contrast, the images of a hard tissue haven't been obtained when trying to make images of soft tissues clear by doing the same as mentioned above.
JP-A-7-8483 discloses an apparatus for solving the above-mentioned problems.
Namely the apparatus has a soft tissue filter, in which before an X-ray slit beam is radiated on the patient's head, a soft tissue filter which has a similar shape to a soft tissue area of a head is provided for a passage of the X-ray beam, thereby obtaining the image of the soft tissue. However, it has been difficult to adjust the position of the soft tissue filter on an actual soft tissue area of the patient's head so that accurate separation of the soft tissue area has been unable, further it has been required to prepare plural soft tissue filters depending on the size of the patient's head.
JP-A-5-252444 and JP-A-9-266901 propose a method wherein the data obtained by an X-ray detector is image processed to distinguish a hard tissue area and a soft tissue area and a gradation process is executed depending on the hardness of the tissue. However, such image processing has been complicated.
For example, according to the dental X-ray panoramic imaging apparatus as described in JP-A-8-19534, when an X-ray slit beam is radiated while rotating an X-ray generator and an X-ray detector opposing each other around the object, the rotational speed is controlled depending on the number of hard tissues existing on the passage of a beam, thereby obtaining the image of the hard tissue area even if plural bones are overlapped. However, in such a case, there has been no consideration on soft tissues and an X-ray slit beam have been rotatably radiated around the object unlike the dental digital cephalometric X-ray imaging apparatus wherein an X-ray slit beam scans the object.

Scan type digital X-ray imaging apparatus


This invention features a device and method for reading machine readable code, having a plurality of code elements, on an object. The device includes a scanning apparatus, a signal processor and a data processor. The scanning apparatus successively scans the code and outputs a signal representative of at least a portion of the code, for each successive scan of the code. The signal processor processes each of the signals outputted by the scanning apparatus and further provides signal identification data, including a width and position associated with each of the outputted signals, for each successive scan of the code. The data processor reconstructs the code from the signal identification data for each successive scan of the code, provided by the signal processor. The data processor reconstructs the code by both determining the position of a selected code element for a successive scan and by positionally aligning the selected code element with the corresponding element from a prior scan. In a preferred embodiment, the device of the present invention can simultaneously read and decode a plurality of bar codes affixed to an item which approaches the scan line of the device at any orientation.

Bar codes are used in a number of applications to uniquely identify an item or group of items. The bar code is typically a combination of black bars and white spaces representing the unique identification code and is affixed to the item in any of a number of ways (e.g., a label). The reading and decoding of a bar code can be used to yield additional information concerning the item, such as a description of the item and its price. The bar code has also been used for inventory control, manufacturing parts control, and employee identification. Failure to properly read the bar code usually requires manual intervention, such as manual entry of the data (e.g., the identification number represented by the bar code). Manual intervention, however, can cause problems because of human error as well as causing delays and increasing costs.
Bar code scanners are the devices used to read the bar code affixed to an item so the desired information can be retrieved. In the case of a supermarket, one example of this would be the price associated with goods. The scanner reads the bar code by detecting the light reflected from the bar code and determining the light contrasts between the bars, typically the dark or black areas, and the spaces, typically the light or white areas. In most scanners the code is illuminated by a beam of coherent light (i.e., a laser) that moves or sweeps across the bar code. A rotating wheel with a number of mirror facets is typically used to sweep the coherent light across the bar code.
There is shown in FIG. 1, a typical omni-directional overhead scanner 10 for detecting a bar code 22 affixed to package 12 traveling on a conveyer belt 14 in direction 20. The scanner 10 illuminates the package top surface, where the bar code 22 is located, with pattern 16 of coherent light. In this way, the scanner 10 can read a bar code 22 that approaches the scanner 10 in any orientation. In this illustration the bar code 22 is read so the package 12 can be sorted and sent along different paths 18a-c.
For one scanning technique, the bar code is read by sweeping a beam of coherent light across the entire bar code. In actual practice redundant passes or sweeps are made across the entire bar code to assure a good reading of the bar code, however, no reconstruction of the bar code is done. The redundant scanning is done to address possible localized width inaccuracies (e.g., local void in bar). This method is best suited for reading bar codes which have been pre-positioned so the bar code extends along the scan line of the sweeping coherent line. This bar code orientation has also been referred to as a "picket fence" or "ladder" orientation.
However, it is not always possible to control the orientation of the bar code with respect to the scan line of the scanning device. There are two ways that the traditional method could be used to scan a bar code which is at an angle with respect to the coherent light scan line. The bar code may be scanned with many beams of coherent light at numerous angles with respect to the surface of the bar code. This approach, however, requires a great deal of expensive equipment to implement. Alternatively, the bar codes may be made very tall so practically speaking the scan line will see the entire bar code. This approach significantly increases the size of bar code (e.g., the bar code label).
Another technique to read a bar code, which is at an angle with respect to a coherent light scan line, involves reconstructing the entire bar code from fragments of the bar code. This technique is based on the principle that, as the bar code moves under and through the coherent light scan line, the entire bar code will eventually be seen by the scanner. The scanner, however, only scans a portion or fragment of the bar code at a time, saving each of the scanned fragments. After the bar code has passed through the scan line, the complete bar code is reconstructed by reconnecting the saved scanned fragments.
When reconstructing a bar code, there is an increased risk that the bar code will be mis-read because of the loss in redundancy. Redundancy is the repetitive measuring of the same bar code element (e.g., same bar) to assure that the correct element width is provided for decoding. For any given scan, it is possible for an incorrect width to be outputted because of printing problems (e.g., voids or blotches), errors in the scanning process, and/or from wear and tear on the bar code (e.g., bar code label).
Since repetitive scanning of the entire bar code is not possible for the reconstruction technique, redundancy is obtained at the individual bar and space level by utilizing width data from overlapping regions of code fragments. When fragments are properly aligned, redundant information is available to refine and correct width data for the bars and spaces in the overlap regions. For reconstructive methods, therefore, redundancy is dependent upon getting a correct fragment alignment.
One type of reconstructive technique involves aligning fragments by locating and matching a bar and space pattern, including the bar and space widths, that is common to the fragments. This specific technique will be referred to hereinafter has as "pattern matching." One common cause for fragment misalignment with the pattern matching technique is the presence of repetitive patterns of bar elements in a bar code. Because of repetitive patterns there can be a number of areas in the fragments which are common to each other. Thus, while the bar and space patterns of the fragments may match, the fragments may not be properly aligned because the wrong bar and space patterns are being used for alignment.
Misalignment can occur for a number of other reasons. Human readable printing about the bar code can produce false bars at one or both ends. Printing errors as well as wear and tear on the bar code label can cause a particular bar to appear much smaller or larger in one scan than it does in another.
If exact pattern matches are required, very few bar codes will be successfully rebuilt, and the read rate will be very low. Since an exact pattern match will not result most of the time, an arbitrary limit is typically established so that fragments are considered in alignment if at least some set number of bars and spaces match. However, if the limit is set too loose, while the number of matches will go up and the read rate will be high, the number of mis-reads will go up. In practice, a majority of the mis-reads can be filtered out by using fixed length bar codes and checksums.
Therefore, determining accurate bar and space widths for proper decoding depends on a proper alignment of the bar code fragment overlapping regions. However, the proper alignment of the overlapping regions in known methods depends upon matching the patterns of the fragments. This method assumes that the bars and spaces have the correct widths. In sum, reconstructing bar codes by using known methods for pattern matching balances the need for accurate bar and space widths for decoding with the need for a reasonable read rate.
Reconstructive bar code scanning devices and the associated methodology are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,289,957, 4,488,678, 4,717,818, 4,973,829, 5,028,772, and 5,124,538. The differences between the above referenced patents is the specific manner in which the fragments are combined to reconstruct a complete bar code for decoding.
In U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,289,957, and 4,717,818 the bar code contains markers representing the ends and middle of the bar code. The scanning device reconstructs the complete bar code based on the presence or existence of markers in the scanned segments. In Patent No. 4,289,957, a bar fragment portion not located between two markers (e.g., end and middle) is ignored and the fragment portions that lie between the markers are combined.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,488,678, the superfluous or duplicative data from the overlap between the bar code fragments is removed in one of two ways. If a bar code has separation bars, the data outside the separation bars is eliminated. If the bar code does not have separation bars, the number of bars indicated by the combined data is compared to the known number of bars for the particular bar code being scanned. If the number of bars for the combined data is greater than the known value, the superfluous or duplicative data is removed from either of the overlapping regions.
In U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,973,829, 5,028,772, and 5,124,538, a complete bar code is reconstructed by relatively shifting the stored data of two fragments until there is a pattern matching of the data (i.e., the bar/space patterns match). The data from the fragments is then combined based on this point of commonalty. The differences between these patents is the manner in which the width data is relatively shifted, the amount and type of matching required, and how the data is reconstructed.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,973,829, the data from multiple passes is combined using a superimposition technique. In this method, the data in the master memory is shifted one address at a time until the master memory data fully coincides with the data from one of the passes stored in the transaction memory. The data from the transaction memory is then superimposed on the data in the master memory starting at the point of coincidence.
In U.S. Pat. No. 5,028,772, a bar code is scanned producing two incomplete bar code segments where one fragment provides the beginning of the code, the other fragment provides the end, and both provide an overlapping middle portion. The two bar code fragments are combined by relatively shifting the overlapping regions of the fragments until a registered or pattern matched middle portion results. Essentially, the device slides one fragment along the data previously acquired until a pattern of bars and spaces match up.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,124,538 (a continuation of '772) describes a methodology whereby a plurality of scanned fragments can be combined to reconstruct the entire bar code. In this technique, while taking data relating to bar and space widths, data is also accumulated concerning the position of certain data events with respect to the starting point of each scan. The transition (e.g., white to black) position count for a valid middle portion of the first fragment is recorded and a range (+/-) is calculated. The second fragment is then analyzed to see if at least a portion of that fragment falls within the calculated range of the valid middle region of the first fragment. If it does not lie within the valid range, a fragment from a following scan is analyzed.
If the second fragment does fall within the calculated range, the valid middle region of the first fragment, the second fragment is shifted to each possible location within the calculated range. A pattern comparison is then made between the width data for each fragment at each possible location. Preferably, a bar/space pair is created by summing adjacent bars and spaces which are then used for pattern comparison purposes. If the pattern matches, then a registered middle portion of adjacent code fragments is identified or found.
Therefore, it is object of the present invention to provide a scanning device that avoids uncertainties inherent in the pattern matching alignment technique.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a scanning device that is more efficient and faster than prior art techniques.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a scanning device that aligns scanned segments so that redundant information for each bar element scanned can be used to determine bar and space widths for decoding.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a scanning device that can reconstruct a complete bar code from scanned segments by calculating the positional change of a selected bar between scans.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a scanning device that can align overlapping scanned code segments using the positional information of the selected bar.
It is still yet another object of the present invention to provide a scanning device that can be used for a number of applications including reading packages moving along high speed conveyers for data collection and/or sorting purposes.

Scanning device for reconstructing a complete code from scanned segments


Disclosed are compositions and methods of pest control. The composition contains one or more active agents such as a polyalcohol, carbohydrate, nucleobase or nucleotide compound or derivative and one or more inactive ingredients which function as attractants or nutrients. The combination of the active agent(s) and the inactive ingredients achieves synergistic effect in pest control.

Pesticides are commonly used in agriculture and in our daily life to control various pests and disease carriers such as mosquitoes, ticks, cockroaches, flies, rats, and mice. Most pesticides are chemical compounds or chemical derivatives. Although pesticides have many uses and substantial benefits, pesticides are potentially toxic to humans, animals and other species. Some pesticides have been reported to cause cancer, endocrine disorders, obesity and diabetes, disorders in the nervous system, infertility and sterility, brain damages, birth defects, organ failure, allergies, respiratory disorders (such as asthma) and skin irritation. In the long run, extended or repeated use of pesticides may result in resistance to the pesticides. There is a need for continued development of pesticides which are highly effective in pest control, less toxic to human and environment, and less likely to cause resistance.

Polyalcohol, carbohydrate, nucleobase and nucleotide compositions and uses thereof


A method is disclosed for locating a receiver in a borehole having a conductive liner by inducing an electromagnetic field from a transmitter in a first borehole, detecting at a first location by at least one receiver located in a second borehole having a conductive liner, a first electromagnetic field induced by the transmitter, detecting at a second location by the at least one receiver, a second electromagnetic field induced by the transmitter and calculating a set of geometry coordinates for the first location based on the first electromagnetic field and the second electromagnetic field.

In performing operations within a cased well, such as logging formation properties, it is important to know the exact location of the tool lowered into the well to perform the specific function. Measuring the depth of well logging tools is traditionally made from the surface, by measuring how much of the cable which supports the tools has been deployed. Both wireline tools and while-drilling tools rely on the same basic concept.
The depth of the tool string is commonly determined by passing the cable over a calibrated measurement wheel at the surface of the well. As the tool is deployed, the length of cable unspoiled into the well is monitored as an estimate of tool depth. Depth compensation for cable stretch may be attempted by calculating a theoretical stretch ration based upon cable length, elasticity and tool weight. Even with very elaborate compensation algorithms, however, the actual amount of cable stretching may vary over time and because of unforeseen and unmeasured interactions between the cable and tool string and the well bore (such as tool hang-ups and cable friction) and anomalies such as cable "bounce". Deviated wells, in which the tool is pulled along the interior surface of the well casing, can present particular problems with variable and inconsistent cable loading, as the stool "sticks" and jumps along the well bore. Such problems are also encountered albeit to a lesser degree, in tubing-conveyed operations in which tubing length is measured by a wheel arranged to roll along the tubing as it is unspoiled. Even very small deployment length measurement error percentages and other discrepancies can result, with either type of deployment, in absolute tool positioning errors of several feet or more in a well of over a mile in depth, for example.
Another approach has been developed that measures the rotations of a set of calibrated wheels contacting the cable under a set force which generates enough friction to transmit any linear velocity of the cable to the perimeter of the wheels, allowing a direct measurement of the corresponding depth increment.
Yet another approach utilizes a pair of sensors located on or within the drill string along with a known reference point within the borehole. Given the distance between the two sensors is determined by the a relatively short piece of drill string, its stretch/compression effects are negligible compared to the stretch and compression observed on the total length of drill sting, and can be used as a downhole depth gauge by observing that when the second sensor will reach a correlable event already seen by the first sensor, the depth increment is the distance between the sensors.
Use of downhole sensors is challenging and present even more difficulties in the case of completed wells, in which the casing effects the ability to run certain downhole sensors. For example, steel casing has historically been thought of as a barrier to electromagnetic measurements of the properties of the formation. The problems presented by conductive liners are described by Augustin et al., in "A Theoretical Study of Surface-to-Borehole Electromagnetic Logging in Cased Holes," Geophysics, Vol. 54, No. 1 (1989); Uchida et al., in "Effect of a Steel Casing on Crosshole EM Measurements," SEG Annual Meeting, Texas (1991); and Wu et al., in "Influence of Steel Casing on Electromagnetic Signals," Geophysics, Vol. 59, No. 3 (1994). These prior art references show that coupling between a transmitter and a conductive liner is independent of the surrounding geological formation conductivity for a wide range of practical formation resistivities encountered in the field and that the magnetic field produced inside the conductive liner at a distance of a few meters or less from the transmitter depends only on the conductive liner properties and not on the formation properties.
FIG. 1 shows typical equipment used in the measurement of geological formation 10 resistivity between two drill holes 12a and 12b using electromagnetic induction. A transmitter T is located in one borehole, while a receiver R is placed in another borehole. The transmitter T typically consists of a coil (not shown) having a multi-turn loop (which consists of NT turns of wire) wrapped around a magnetically permeable core (mu-metal, ferrite or other ferro-magnetic material) with a cross section, AT. The transmitter T may further comprise a capacitor (not shown) for tuning the frequency of the coil. When an alternating current, IT, at a frequency of f0 Hz passes through this multi-turn loop, a time varying magnetic moment, MT, is produced in the transmitter. This magnetic moment is defined as follows:MT=NTITAT  (1)The magnetic moment MT can be detected by the receiver R as a magnetic field, B0. The transmitter T, receiver R, or both are typically disposed in boreholes (e.g., 12a and 12b) in the earth formation 10. In this case, the detected magnetic field, B0, is proportional to the magnetic moment of the transmitter, MT, and to a geological factor, k1, as follows:B0=k1MT  (2)The geological factor, k1, is a function of the spatial location and orientation of a field component of the magnetic field, B0, with respect to the magnetic moment of the transmitter, MT.
The receiver R typically includes one or more antennas (not shown). Each antenna includes a multi-turn loop of wire wound around a core of magnetically permeable metal or ferrite. The changing magnetic field sensed by the receiver R creates an induced voltage in the receiver coil (not shown). This induced voltage (VR) is a function of the detected magnetic field (BR), the frequency (f0), the number of turns (NR) of wire in the receiver coil, the effective cross-sectional area of the coil (AR), and the effective permeability (ρR) of the coil. Thus, VR can be defined as follows:VR=πf0BRNRARρR  (3)While f0 and NR are known, the product, AR ρR, is difficult to calculate. In practice, these constants may be grouped together as kR and equation (3) may be simplified as:VR=kRBR  (4)where kR=πf0 NR AR ρR. Thus, instead of determining the product AR ρR, it is more convenient to determine kR according to the following procedures. First, the receiver coil is calibrated in a known field, at a known frequency. Then, the exact value for kR is derived from the magnetic field (BR) and the measured voltage (VR) according to the following equation:kR=BR/VR  (5)
When this system is placed in a conducting geological formation, the time-varying magnetic field, B0, which is produced by the transmitter magnetic moment, produces a voltage in the geological formation, which in turn drives a current therein, L1. The current, L1, is proportional to the conductivity of the geological formation and is generally concentric about the longitudinal axis of the borehole. The magnetic field proximate to the borehole results from a free space field, called the primary magnetic field, while the field resulting from current L1 is called the secondary magnetic field.
The current, L1, is typically out of phase with respect to the transmitter current, IT. At very low frequencies, where the inductive reactance is small, the current, L1, is proportional to dB/dt and is 90° out of phase with respect to IT. As the frequency increases, the inductive reactance increases and the phase of the induced current, L1, increases to be greater than 90°. The secondary magnetic field induced by current L1 also has a phase shift relative to the induced current L1 and so the total magnetic field as detected by receiver R is complex.
The complex magnetic field detected by receiver R may be separated into two components: a real component, IR, which is in-phase with the transmitter current, IT, and an imaginary (or quadrature) component, II, which is phase-shifted by 90°. The values of the real component, IR, and the quadrature component, II, of the magnetic field at a given frequency and geometrical configuration uniquely specify the electrical resistivity of a homogeneous formation pierced by the drill holes. In an inhomogeneous geological formation, however, the complex field is measured at a succession of points along the longitudinal axis of the receiver borehole for each of a succession of transmitter locations. The multiplicity of measurements thus obtained can then be used to determine the inhomogeneous resistivity between the holes.
In both cases, i.e., measuring homogeneous geological formation resistivity or measuring inhomogeneous geological formation resistivity, the measurements are typically made before extraction of hydrocarbons takes place. This is because the boreholes typically are cased with conductive liners (e.g., metallic casing; see 16a and 16b in FIG. 3) in order to preserve the physical integrity of the borehole during hydrocarbon extraction. The conductive tubular liners interfere with resistivity measurements and are difficult and costly to remove from the borehole once they are installed. As a result, prior art systems such as that shown in FIG. 1 are not suitable for analyzing hydrocarbon reservoirs once extraction of the hydrocarbons begins.
The net or effective moment, Meff, of a transmitter inside a conductive liner is dictated by the inductive coupling between the transmitter and the conductive liner. Physically, the resistivity of the conductive liner is very low and the inductance relatively high. This property results in a current of almost the same magnitude as that of the transmitter current being induced in the conductive liner. Lenz's Law predicts that the magnetic field generated by this induced current in the conductive liner will oppose the time-varying magnetic field produced by the transmitter current. Thus, the magnetic field generated by the transmitter is mostly cancelled out by the magnetic field generated by the conductive liner. As a result, the magnetic field external to the conductive liner is greatly reduced, and its magnitude is proportional to the difference in currents in the transmitter and the conductive liner. In effect, the conductive liner "shields" the transmitter from any receiver positioned outside of the conductive liner.
An analogous situation is present with respect to a receiver if it is surrounded by a conductive liner. The field to be detected induces currents concentric with the receiver coil whose sense is such as to reduce the field within the liner. The field to be detected is consequently highly attenuated and the measurement is highly influenced by the variations in attenuation caused by the variation in liner properties, and example of which is graphically demonstrated by the slope of curve 10 shown in FIG. 2. The situation is exacerbated if both the transmitter and the receiver are surrounded by conductive liners. Often the design criteria for a crosshole survey of a cased borehole reduces the signal to a level that is undetectable by standard receivers. Moreover, the variance in conductivity, permeability, and thickness along a longitudinal axis of a liner makes difficult determining the attenuation factor at any given point.
The attenuation due to a steel casing surrounding the transmitter for a homogeneous formation is essentially constant a few meters form the source. Since the attenuation is constant the ratio of the fields as described, and incorporated herein, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,294,917 B1, to Nichols, removes the effects of the casing. This constancy of the fields can also be removed by calculating a shift operator as described, and incorporated herein, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,393,363 B1 to Wilt and Nichols. However, for multiple cased boreholes, both the ratio and shift operator methods preferably utilize an extra monitor for the transmitted field.

Determination of borehole geometry inside cased wells with crosswell electromagnetics


The present invention relates to compounds, small interfering RNAs and compositions and methods of inhibiting tumorigenesis using agents that inhibit the sonic hedgehog and GLI signaling pathway, including agents that inhibit GLI expression, synthesis and/or function. The present invention also relates to particular biomarkers that can be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Methods of treating cancer, including glioblastomas, medulloblastomas, basal cell carcinomas, prostate cancer and small cell and non-small cell lung cancer are also provided using small organic compounds, siRNAs and blocking antibodies that inhibit or block the SHH/GLI pathway.

Inductive signaling plays a critical role in both normal and disease development as developmental pathways that become unregulated in the adult can lead to abnormal patterning, overproliferation and neoplasia. One signaling pathway that is involved in several patterning events during embryogenesis is that triggered by secreted sonic hedgehog (Shh) (Echelard, Y., Epstein, D. J., St-Jacques, B., Shen, L., Mohler, J., McMahon, J. A. & McMahon, A. P., Cell 75, 1417-1430 (1993); Riddle, R., Johnson, R. L., Laufer, E. & Tabin, C.,Cell 75, 1401-1418 (1993); Krauss, S., Concordet, J.-P. & Ingham, P. W, Cell 75, 1431-1444 (1993); Roelink, H., Augsburger, A., Heemskerk, J., Korzh, V., Norlin, S., Ruiz i Altaba, A., Tanabe, Y., Placzek, M., Edlund, T., Jessell, T. M. & Dodd, J., Cell 76, 761-775 (1994)). Shh binding to the membrane patched (ptc)-smoothened (smo) receptor complex elicits a cascade of cytoplasmic signal transduction events, including the inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) (Fan, C.-M., Porter, J. A., Chiang, C., Chang, D. T., Beachy, P. A. & Tessier-Lavigne, M., Cell 81, 457-465 (1995); Hynes, M., Porter, J. A., Chiang, C., Chang, D., Tessier-Lavigne, M., Beachy, P. A. & Rosenthal, A., Neuron 15, 35-34 (1995); Concordet, J.-P., Lewis, K. E., Moore, J., Goodrich, L. V., Johnson, R. L., Scott, M. P. & Ingham, P. W., Development 122, 2835-2846 (1996); Epstein, D. J., Marti, E., Scott, M. P. & McMahon, A. P., Development 122, 2885-2894 (1996); Goodrich, L. V., Johnson, R. L., Milenkovic, L., McMahon, J. A. & Scott, M. P., Genes Dev. 10, 301-312 (1996); Hammerschmidt, M., Bitgood, M. J. & McMahon, A. P., Genes and Dev. 10, 647-658 (1996); Marigo, V., Johnson, R. L., Vortkamp, A. & Tabin, C. J., Dev. Biol. 180, 273-283 (1996); Stone, D. M., Hynes, M., Armanini, M., Swanson, T. A., Gu, Q., Johnson, R. L., Scott, M. P., Pennica, D., Goddard, A., Phillips, H., Noll, M., Hooper, J. E., de Sauvage, F. & Rosenthal, A., Nature 384, 129-134 (1996)) that leads to the transcription of the zinc finger transcription factor gene Gli1 (Marigo, V., Johnson, R. L., Vortkamp, A. & Tabin, C. J., Dev. Biol. 180, 273-283 (1996); Lee, J., Platt, K. A., Censullo, P. & Ruiz i Altaba, A. , Development (1997)). Gli1 is a proto-oncogene first isolated as an amplified gene in a glioma that can transform fibroblasts in cooperation with E1A (Kinzler, K. W., Bigner, S. H., Bigner, D. D., Trent, J. M., Law, M. L., O'Brien, S. J., Wong, A. J. & Vogelstin, B., Science 236, 70-73 (1987); Ruppert, J. M., Vogelstein, B. & Kinzler, K. W., Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, 1724-1728 (1991)). Gli1 is a member of a family comprising two other related genes: Gli2 and Gli3 (Ruppert, J. M., Vogelstein, B., Arheden, K. & Kinzler, K. W., Mol. Cell Biol. 10, 5408-5415 (1990); Hui, C.-C., Slusarski, D., Platt, K. A., Holmgren, R. & Joyner, A. L., Developmental Biology 162, 402-413 (1994)). However, only Gli1 has been shown to be a target of Shh and mimic its effects (Lee, J., Platt, K. A., Censullo, P. & Ruiz i Altaba, A., Development (1997)). In Drosophila, hedgehog signaling (Forbes, A. J., Nakano, Y., Taylor, A. M. & Ingham, P. W., Development Supplement 115-124 (1993)) similarly leads to the action of cubitus interruptus (ci), a Gli homolog that activates transcription of hedgehog-target genes (Domínguez, M., Brunner, M., Hafen, E. & Basler, K., Science 272, 1621-1625 (1996); Alexandre, C., Jacinto, A. & Ingham, P. W., Genes and Dev. 10, 2003-2013 (1996); Hepker, J., Wang, Q.-T., Motzny, C. K., Holmgren, R. & Orenic, T. V., Development 124, 549-558 (1997); von Ohnen, T., Lessing, D., Nusse, R. & Hooper, J. E., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94, 2404-2409 (1997); Mullor, J. L., Calleja, M., Capdevila, J. & Guerrero, I., Development 124, 1227-1237 (1997)).
One of the processes in which Shh signaling is involved is the differentiation of ventral neural tube cell types acting as a notochord and floor plate-derived signal (Echelard, Y., Epstein, D. J., St-Jacques, B., Shen, L., Mohler, J., McMahon, J. A. & McMahon, A. P., Cell 75, 1417-1430 (1993); Roelink, H., Augsburger, A., Heemskerk, J., Korzh, V., Norlin, S., Ruiz i Altaba, A., Tanabe, Y., Placzek, M., Edlund, T., Jessell, T. M. & Dodd, J. ,Cell 76, 761-775 (1994); Martí, E., Bumcrot, D. A., Takada, R. & McMahon, A. P., Nature 375, 322-325 (1995); Ruiz i Altaba, A., Roelink, H. & Jessell, T. M., Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 6, 106-121 (1995); Chiang, C., Litingtung, Y., Lee, E., Young, K. E., Corden, J. L., Westphal, H. & Beachy, P. A., Nature 383,407-413 (1996);Ericson, J., Morton, S., Kawakami, A., Roelink, H. & Jessell, T. M., Cell 87, 661-673 (1996)). Previous work by the applicants herein on the role of sonic hedgehog signaling during neural plate patterning in frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos demonstrated that cells becoming floor plate respond to Shh by expressing Gli 1, Pintallavis and HNF-3β, critical transcription factors that themselves can induce the differentiation of floor plate cells (Lee, J., Platt, K. A., Censullo, P. & Ruiz i Altaba, A. Gli1 is a target of sonic hedgehog that induces ventral neural tube development. Development, 124(13):2537-52 (1997); Ruiz i Altaba, A., Roelink, H. & Jessell, T. M. Restrictions to Floor Plate Induction by hedgehog and Winged Helix Genes in the Neural Tube of Frog Embryos. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 6, 106-121 (1995); Ruiz i Altaba, A., Cox, C., Jessell, T. & Klar, A. Deregulated Expression of the Midline Transcription Factor Pintallavis Induces Ectopic Expression of a Floor Plate Marker. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 8268-8272 (1993); Ruiz i Altaba, A., Prezioso, V. R., Darnell, J. E. & Jessell, T. M. Sequential expression of HNF-3β and HNF-3 by embryonic organizing centers: the dorsal lip/node, notochord and floor plate. Mech. Dev. 44, 91-108 (1993)).
In addition to effects on neural tissue, it has been found that ectopic expression of Shh and Gli1 also leads to the activation of Shh signaling target genes in epidermal non-neural ectoderm. Injected Shh induced the ectopic expression of Gli1, HNF-3β and Shh (Ruiz i Altaba, A., Roelink, H. & Jessell, T. M., Mol.Cell. Neurosci. 6, 106-121 (1995)), and ectopic expression of Gli1 induced the ectopic expression of HNF-3β and Shh (Lee, J., Platt, K. A., Censullo, P. & Ruiz i Altaba, A. Gli1 is a target of sonic hedgehog that induces ventral neural tube development. Development (1997)). Together, these results indicated that both neural and epidermal cells have functional reception and transduction mechanisms for Shh and can respond by activating the expression of Shh/Gli1 target genes even though epidermal cells do not normally receive the Shh signal at this stage.
Furthermore, SHH signaling has been implicated in many aspects of animal development, acting through the transmembrane proteins PATCHED1 (PTCH1) and SMOH to activate the GLI zinc-finger transcription factors (Ingham, P. & McMahon, A., Genes Dev. 15, 3059-87 (2001); Ruiz i Altaba, A., Sanchez, P. & Dahmane, N., Nat. Rev. Cancer 2, 361-372 (2002).
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women in developed countries and is a growing problem in developing countries (Schottenfeld, 1996). The lack of biomarkers for early detection and ineffective chemotherapies are the main reasons why the prognosis of patients with lung cancer remains poor. Thus, new methods for early detection such as biomarkers, new approaches for lung cancer chemoprevention and new drugs based on rational targets need to be developed. Increased understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of the initiation events and mechanisms underlying drug resistance will be needed to achieve these goals.
Considering the adverse side-effects and expense associated with treating cancer, in particular, lung cancer, better diagnostic and prognostic tools are needed. Therefore, there is a need to identify other factors that can be used for the early detection of cancer, as well as the means to predict the progression of cancer, including but not limited to, lung cancer. In addition, there is a need to identify new therapeutic strategies for treating cancer, including, but not limited to, lung cancer.
While GLI1 has been implicated in a number of cancers, including basal cell carcinoma (Dahmane et al., 1997), and medulloblastoma (Goodrich et al., 1997), the role for GLI1 in human lung cancers remains unknown. Indeed, uncontrolled activity of this pathway is sufficient to induce medulloblastomas in mice (Goodrich et al., 1997) and ectopic expression of GLI1 in the embryonic frog epidermis or GLI1 and GLI2 in the mouse epidermis results in the development of basal-cell carcinoma-like and other skin tumors (Dahmane et al., 1997; Nilsson et al., 2000; Grachtchouk et al., 2000).
The present application is directed to the identification of the role of the gli genes and the GLI proteins in lung cancer and to methods and compositions for treating and/or diagnosing this disease.
The citation of any reference herein should not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as "Prior Art" to the instant application.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Method and compositions for inhibiting tumorigenesis


The invention relates to a door module including a detachable panel and configured to wire a door harness. The detachable panel is configured to fit into a recessed portion formed in a door inner panel of a vehicle, and the door harness includes a trunk wire harness portion and at least two branched wire harness portions connected to the trunk wire harness portion and extending along branching directions from a branching point. The detachable panel is integrally provided with at least two projections each having rectangular faces configured to hold the branching point of the door harness. These projections are arranged to define a gap which has substantially the same size as the diameter of the trunk wire harness portion, so that the gap can grip the trunk wire harness portion, when it is mounted, from both sides thereof near the branching point, while the rectangular faces extend along the branched wire harnesses and guide them in the branching directions.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a door module mounted in a vehicle and, in particular, to a door module previously mounted in a door panel. In the door module of the present invention, a wire harness is positioned in the panel and fixed thereto without using a clip.
2. Description of Background Information
FIGS. 1A and 1B show a door harness of a vehicle and electrical equipment connected thereto according to the prior art. In this structure, a band clip 4 having a hook-type fastener 4a is attached to the wire harness W. The fastener 4a is then inserted into a clip-fastening hole 2 formed in the door panel 1, whereby the position of the wire harness W is fixed relative to the door panel 1. Also, an L-shaped configuring clip 3 which is integral to the door panel 1 is provided to hold the wire harness W. In this manner, the wire harness is wired along a predetermined path so as to form a door module.
However, the above door module requires specifically prepared band clips 4 for positioning and fixing the wire harness, and thus increases the number of component parts, material costs and assembly steps.
To counter these problems, the present inventors proposed in Japanese Application No. 2002-280126 a door module 6 requiring no special clips (see FIGS. 2A and 2B). In this structure, a door panel 5 includes an integrally-formed harness-holding portion 6. This portion includes projections 6a, 6b and 6c that are placed in triangular arrays on the door panel 5. At least one of the projections, e.g., 6a, is made substantially L-shaped, whereas the other projections, i.e., 6b and 6c are made in round column shapes. As shown in FIG. 2B, when the wire harness W is branched, projection 6a holds at the point of bifurcation, and the projections 6b and 6c flank and adjust the branching point.
However, since the projections 6b and 6c in the door module 6 have a round column shape, they can determine the branching position, but not the branching direction. Further, because at least one projection, e.g., 6a has to have an L-shape, dies for forming the door panel 5 have to be configured in a complex form and require a greater number of molding steps. Moreover, when the above structure is to be applied to a wire harness dividing into three branches or more, the harness-holding portion 6 has to have a much more complicated configuration.


An application (e.g., a computer program) prints data by invoking a print function with a format argument and, optionally, at least one data argument. The format argument and any data arguments are saved in a deferred trace data buffer. The print function returns to the application then, sometime after the print function has returned, the deferred trace data buffer is processed and the format argument and/or any data arguments are printed. By saving the format argument and any data argument(s) to a memory buffer instead of parsing and formatting the arguments in real-time, program efficiency may be improved and the impact of the print function on a software test scenario may be reduced.

Providing a software debug capability may be problematic at various phases during the software development life cycle. For example, operating systems may provide source code level debuggers that may be useful for initial design unit level testing on a host system. As the software product progresses through the development process, however, debuggers may not be available for target system testing and/or field testing. Some embedded software systems may not have the support of a software debugger or analyzer. Moreover, certain types of real-time sensitive software routines, such as device drivers, may not be compatible with conventional software debug tools.
One option for collecting debug data when testing high-level software is to call a conventional print function, which is typically provided in most high level programming languages. For example, the C programming language provides the printf( ) library function for writing data to a standard output. Unfortunately, the printf( ) function may be relatively inefficient, as parsing and formatting the arguments to the printf( ) function may be time consuming. As a result, real-time sensitive software routines, such as device drivers, may not be allowed to make printf( ) function calls. Furthermore, the inefficiency of the printf( ) function may alter a test scenario so drastically that it may become invalid.
Another option for collecting debug data is to implement a custom trace. A custom trace typically involves the definition of a set of symbols and the allocation of a trace buffer. The software may then be modified to write specific symbols into the trace buffer when certain portions of code are executed. When a software error occurs, the trace buffer may be read and the symbols stored therein decoded. These symbols may then be used to determine the program flow that led to the error. While a custom trace may be more efficient than calls to a conventional print function, it may be more difficult to implement and maintain.

Methods, systems, and computer program products for deferred computer program tracing

International Business Machines Corporation


A five-axis control machine tool stores rotation-axis data indicating the inclination or runouts of each of a rotation axis A of a tilting table and a rotation axis C of a rotating table in association with rotation angles determined based on NC data, and calculates a correction rotation angle of each of the rotation angles A and C to correct the erroneous attitude of a tool. Five-axis control is performed based on the NC data by rotating the tilting table and the rotating table about the rotation axes A and C at the correction rotation angles, so that a workpiece is machined while eliminating the erroneous attitude of the tool.

1. Field of the Invention
One of the aspects of the present invention relates to a control device and a control method of a five-axis control machine tool including three linear axes and two rotation axes, a program, and a mold.
2. Description of the Related Art
A five-axis control machine tool is a machine tool having two rotation axes in addition to three orthogonal linear axes. For example, the rotation axis of a tilting table is defined to be parallel to any of the three linear axes, and the rotation axis of a rotating table on the tilting table is defined to be parallel to one of the linear axes that are orthogonal to the rotation axis of the tilting table. The tilting table and the rotating table are arbitrarily rotated so that a workpiece placed on the rotating table is inclined in an arbitrary direction. As a consequence, the preparation time is decreased and the machining efficiency is increased.
In the above-described five-axis control machine tool, the rotation axes of the tilting table and the rotating table should be parallel to the linear axes. In reality, however, the rotation axes are often inclined with respect to the linear axes due to the machining errors or installation errors of the tilting table and the rotating table. Further, even though it is desirable that there are no axial runouts of the rotation axes during the rotation, the runouts are caused by the installation errors or the like. On the other hand, an NC-data generation device generates NC data based on the premise that the rotation axes of the tilting table and the rotating table are parallel to the linear axes. Therefore, the position and attitude of a workpiece in the NC data generated by the NC-data generation device may not agree with those of the workpiece which is actually placed on the five-axis control machine tool due to errors including, for example, the inclinations of the rotation axes of the tilting table and the rotating table, and the machining precision may be decreased.
Accordingly, methods for decreasing the influence of the inclination or runouts of the rotation axes on the machining precision by correcting the inclination or runouts have been proposed. For example, as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 4327894, position-correction amounts are set for a positioning error and an inclination error dependent on the rotation-axis position, and the position-correction amounts are added to a command linear-axis position so that the tool-tip position is moved to a position free from the errors to decrease the influence of the rotation-axis error on the machining precision.
However, the rotation-axis errors including the inclination, runouts, etc. of the rotation axis cause not only the deviation of the machining position, but also the inclination of the workpiece. The inclination of the workpiece occurs not only in the horizontal direction, but also in the vertical direction. Since the method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 4327894 corrects only the linear-axis position, the vertical inclination of the workpiece is insufficiently corrected and the tool's attitude relative to the workpiece is inclined. As a consequence, stepped cutting marks are formed and the machining precision is decreased.
The invention provides a five-axis control machine tool that can correct an erroneous attitude of a workpiece toward a tool caused by the inclination of rotation axes of the five-axis control machine tool, and increase the machining precision.

Control device and control method of five-axis control machine tool, program, and mold


Provided herein are methods of treating a subject with heart failure, comprising administering to the subject an initial dose of a cardiac sarcomere activator (CSA) for an initial time period, and subsequently administering to the subject a dose of the CSA based on the subject's plasma concentration of the CSA at the end of the initial time period.

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome defined by an imbalance between cardiac function and metabolic demands of the body. It is a final pathway for many diseases that affect the heart (Hilfiker-Kleiner et al, 2006). HF affects over 26 million people worldwide, with more than 3.5 million people newly diagnosed every year. The prevalence has been shown to increase with age (López-Sendón, 2011), suggesting that as the population ages, the incidence of HF may rise. In the United States (US), more than 5 million people, or almost 2.0% of the population, have HF (Go et al, 2013). In Europe, it has been estimated that at least 15 million people have HF (Dickstein et al, 2008). HF is typically further categorized as either "reduced" or "preserved" ejection fraction. The annual mortality rate of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients in western industrialized countries is typically from 10% to 25% per year; however, depending on the HF severity, this rate can be as low as 5% per year in stable New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I to II patients to as high as 75% per year in patients with NYHA class III to IV disease (Mozaffarian et al, 2007; Bhatia et al, 2006; Levy et al, 2006; Solomon et al, 2004). The burden of HF can also be seen in data from recurrent hospital admission. Medicare data and data on commercially insured patients indicate that 12% to 27% of patients hospitalized for HF are readmitted within 30 days after their hospitalization, and all-cause mortality reaches 12% in the same period (Jencks et al, 2009; Mcllvennan et al, 2014).
HF is most often caused by coronary artery disease (CAD); other etiologies include hypertensive heart disease, valvular heart disease and idiopathic causes (Ambrosy et al, 2014). In an attempt to preserve cardiac output and organ perfusion, HF progresses through stages with compensatory mechanisms characterized by increased sympathetic tone, peripheral vasoconstriction, and activation of various neurohormonal pathways. These adaptive properties provide short-term relief but can be damaging with long-term or prolonged activation. Patients experience dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention and eventually develop pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema. Treatment goals are to improve symptoms, prolong survival, and reduce hospital readmissions (Yancy et al, 2013; Ponikowski et al, 2016). While several pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions have been shown to reduce the rate of HF hospitalizations and improve mortality, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis), beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists, coronary revascularization, and biventricular pacing (Jessup and Brozena, 2003; Krum and Teerlink, 2011), mortality and morbidity still remain high as noted above. In addition, these available treatments, acting on the compensatory mechanisms (eg, sodium retention, arterial and venous constriction, neuroendocrine activation, and increased heart rate) often fail to control symptoms or restore quality of life.
Reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) is a central factor in HF, yet there are no safe medical therapies to directly improve cardiac function at the level of the cardiac sarcomere in HF patients. The compensatory mechanisms cited above are deployed in attempt to preserve cardiac output and organ perfusion in a scenario of impaired myocardial contractility. Attempts to improve cardiac contractility through chronic stimulation of the adrenergic receptor pathway (eg, dobutamine or ibopamine) or phosphodiesterase inhibitors (ie, milrinone) in chronic HF patients have not been successful (Tacon et al, 2012). Both agents have significant safety liabilities due to their mechanism of action. The increase of intracellular calcium can improve contractility but at the expense of increased tissue oxygen consumption and arrhythmias. The addition of long-term oral milrinone to SoC in severe chronic HFrEF patients has shown increased mortality and morbidity (Packer et al, 1991). Oral ibopamine, a dopaminergic receptor agonist (DA-1 and DA-2) also did not demonstrate clinical benefits when added to SoC in HFrEF outpatients (Hampton et al, 1997).
Thus, there remains a need for safe and effective methods of treating HF etiologies, including HFrEF.

Methods of treating heart failure with cardiac sarcomere activators


The present invention relates to flexible package laminates useful in food packaging that are prepared using a liquid, UV curable, oligomeric, adhesive composition that does not require a photoinitiator.

Radiation curable adhesives containing acrylate functionality are known. However, this type of adhesive is not practical for flexible packaging applications because of odor associated with the presence of low molecular weight acrylates remaining in the crosslinked adhesive compositions, extractables and non-compliance with FDA regulations. In addition, radiation curable acrylate adhesives typically require a photoinitiator. These photoinitiator containing adhesives are unsuitable for use in flexible packaging applications such as the food packaging industry because of odor and non-compliance with FDA regulations related to unreacted initiator and initiator fragments. An example of this technology is U.S. Pat. No. 5,328,940 which discloses cationically cured compositions containing an epoxy compound, a hydroxy-terminated polyurethane and a photoinitiator. Although some photoinitiators are now accepted for indirect food contact (21 CFR 175.105) users are also concerned about unreacted photoinitiator fragments passing through films into the packaged material. Furthermore, photoinitiators have a propensity for imparting color to a coating or adhesive and adding substantially to the cost of the adhesive formulation.
European Patent 658,582 discloses a prepolymer composition containing at least two methacrylate and at least two urethane and/or urea groups for use in thermally cured adhesives. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,859,084 and 5,741,829 disclose acrylic compositions that have a photoinitator covalently bonded to a polymer chain in order to minimize extractable fragments. Japanese unexamined patent no. 3-45216 discloses photocurable compositions comprised of an unsaturated urethane-acrylate having at least one (meth)acryloyl group and urethane linkage per molecule and an acetoacetyl group containing (meth)acrylate having both (meth)acryloyl groups and an acetate ester group per molecule. According to the above referenced Japanese patent, UV curing requires a photoinitiator. U.S. Pat. No. 3,925,349 claims and discloses a UV curable non-gelled Michael addition reaction product of an aliphatic amine, a stoichiometric excess of a polyester of acrylic acid and a photosensitizer to render the product sensitive to UV radiation. U.S. Pat. No. 4,284,731 discloses radiation curable compositions comprised of a urethane prepolymer prepared by reacting a polyol and an isocyanate, dicyclopentyloxyalkylacrylate and/or methacrylate, and a photoinitiator. U.S. Pat. No. 4,920,157 discloses radiation curable contact adhesives consisting of the reaction product of diisocyanate, a polyol, an alkanediol, a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, and a monohydroxylalkylcarboxylic acid. This reaction product is mixed with a monovinyl compound. According to the patent, if curing is to be accomplished by UV radiation a photoinitiator is used.
The current solventless adhesive technology that dominates the flexible packaging industry is a two component urethane adhesive. While strides have been made to make the adhesive safer by reducing the amount of monomeric isocyanate compounds, known as generation advancements in the industry, the curing reaction is still urethane based and typically takes hours to fully react. The time needed to reach full cure can range from 24 to 150 hours depending on how low of an extractable level is required for the application. Extractable levels required for most food packaging are as low as 5 to 50 parts per billion of aromatic amines.

UV curable oligomeric adhesive compositions suitable for use in flexible packaging applications

Ashland Licensing and Intellectual Property LLC


An NMR probe includes a locking collar which is adapted to engage a magnet flange fixed to the NMR magnet. The probe can be removed and reinserted to the same location and orientation.

Modern NMR apparatus is most often characterized in gross by cylindrical symmetry. A typical NMR magnet is of the superconducting variety and is housed in a dewar which includes a room temperature cylindrical bore in which a very carefully controlled homogeneous magnetic field is sustained by operation of the superconducting magnet in the interior of the dewar. The NMR probe contains the excitation and detection interface to the sample and is mounted in a cylindrical housing for insertion in the bore.
The basic requirement of field uniformity is painstakingly achieved in a process of field shimming whereby irregularities of the resulting magnetic field are compensated. The NMR apparatus for certain application is capable of precision of the order of one part in 10.sup.9. Consequently many apparently minor effects are readily observable. For example, any object introduced into the sensitive volume portion of the magnet bore will disturb the magnetic field distribution if the object has a non zero magnetic susceptibility. Further shimming of the magnet may be required to compensate this disturbance. Consequently the NMR probe which is inserted into this region must be capable of reoccupying the exact region in the same orientation for which a careful shimming operation has previously been completed.
The NMR probe is designed to exhibit gross cylindrical symmetry, but the internal structure of the probe contains circuits, circuit elements, connectors, fluid supply tubes, mechanical mounting means for all of the above and the like. Thus the internal structure generally exhibits no geometric symmetry and the azimuthal orientation of the probe in the bore results in a particular distribution of probe components in the magnet bore. Moreover, these components may exhibit diverse magnetic susceptibility properties. It is therefore desirable to assure that the location and orientation of the probe is reproducible in NMR apparatus in order to avoid any requirement for additional shimming operations.
In the prior art it was common to obtain a reproducible positioning of the probe in the z coordinate (that is, the axis of the bore) by the straightforward step of providing a stop, or equivalent, against which the probe body could be urged. Other prior art provided for a pair (or triplet) of floating thumbscrews to secure a collar about the probe body to a flange of the magnet cryostat. In this arrangement the tolerance in azimuthal orientation is undesirable and the precision of reproducible angular position is lacking. In the present invention both the axial and azimuthal positioning is obtained in an arrangement which mechanically assures positive positioning reproducibility, or alternatively repositioning at selected angular increments of azimuthal angle from a known desired orientation.
In other prior art pertaining to magnetic resonance imaging, patient support mechanisms are employed for the purpose of transporting the subject to a known position in the magnetic field space, whereas the RF excitation and detection interface is not disturbed. In typical apparatus where the NMR probe is removable, the sample is independently supported.
A preferred arrangement of the present invention employs a bayonet pin mounting arrangement to secure the body of the probe to a mounting collar affixed to the magnet cryostat. Further to this embodiment, the pinning arrangement may be provided in selected symmetry to permit selected known discrete angular positioning which is useful for samples which are cylindrically asymmetric.


A spacecraft comprises a main body; at least one elongated solar wing extending from the main body, defining a generally flat plane and comprising a pair of longitudinally extending side edges; at least one other component or structure extending from the main body and spaced at a separation distance from the at least one solar wing; and at least one solar trim tab coupled to the at least one solar wing, linearly elongated and extending in the generally flat plane in a direction transversely away from one of the longitudinally extending side edges, and sized and positioned along the longitudinally extending side edge for counteracting or compensating for one or more types of disturbance torques.

In certain types of spacecraft, such as geosynchronous orbiting (GEO) spacecraft that comprise large deployed reflectors and/or antennas, pitch gravity-gradient torques may result from the geometric arrangement of the various components of the spacecraft. For example, in the case of a mobile user objective system (MUOS), a spacecraft may comprise a solar cell array and a deployed mesh reflector or antenna, with a separation between the solar cell array and mesh reflector/antenna being on the order of 50 feet. This separation between spacecraft components results in a difference in gravitational force with the orbited body (spacecraft) in accordance with the well-known inverse-square gravitational law, and produces a resultant pitch gravity-gradient disturbance torque. In addition, spacecraft may be subject to a number of other types of environmental disturbance torques.
Referring to FIG. 1, schematically shown therein is an illustrative, but not limitative, example of an asymmetrically arranged spacecraft 100 of the type contemplated above, comprising a main body 101 including power supply systems, sensors, thrusters, fuel storage means, etc. A plurality of deployed solar cell arrays ("wings"), illustratively a pair of wings 105-1, 105-2, extend in opposite directions from opposite sides or surfaces of main body 101. Similarly, differently sized, deployed reflectors/antennas 110, 111 extend in opposite directions from main body 101.
Typically, disturbance torques experienced by spacecraft 100 cause the spacecraft stored momentum to increase, which momentum is conventionally stored (i.e., absorbed) in a system comprising at least one spinning flywheel, variously referred to as a "reaction wheel" or "momentum wheel", by changing the angular velocity of the at least one flywheel. Periodically, when the momentum storage capacity of the system is reached, momentum must be removed ("dumped") by generating opposing momentum components, e.g., by firing thrusters of the spacecraft's reaction-control system. However, significant disadvantages associated with such approach for momentum control include the increased consumption of propellant, increased ground operator workload, and the need for accommodating the disturbance torques may affect the design of the spacecraft thruster configuration and redundancy.
By way of illustration, for MUOS the pitch gravity gradient with a single large (14 meter) reflector/antenna is ˜2,000 μin.-lb., which results in a pitch momentum accumulation of 172 in.-lb.-sec./day and the need for daily momentum adjust maneuvers.
In view of the foregoing, there exists a clear need for improved means and methodology for mitigating the above-described problems, drawbacks, and disadvantages associated with the conventional approaches for providing compensation of pitch gravity-gradient disturbance torque and other environmental torques experienced by spacecraft of the type contemplated herein.


An inspection device control device for an inspection device of a wind turbine having a device interface arranged for communication with a wind turbine control of the wind turbine, and a device interface arranged for communication with the inspection device. Automated resource planning is possible if a processor produces control information for the inspection device depending on turbine parameters of the wind turbine received via the device interface and outputs the control information via the device interface. Further improved resource planning and control is made possible if a processor generates control information for the wind turbine and outputs the control information via the turbine interface, depending on the device parameters of the inspection device received via the device interface.

During the operation of wind turbines, in particular in offshore areas, damage can occur, in particular to the rotor blades of the wind turbines. In order to be able to detect these damages at an early stage, a control by means of flying drones is used in addition to a manual control. In the case of manual inspection, the wind turbine is switched off, technicians climb onto the wind turbine or the rotor blades are recorded with the aid of telescopes and video cameras. This is particularly problematic with offshore installations, as a calm sea is necessary for the transfer of personnel and the positioning possibilities and thus the visual axes of telescopes or video cameras are limited.
Flying inspection platforms, such as flying drones, offer advantages over manual inspection, particularly because of their greater degrees of freedom and speeds of movement in space. However, the flying inspection platforms usually have to be controlled manually. Inspections are usually carried out in calm weather, i.e. at rather low wind speeds. In stronger winds, the recording quality is usually impaired and the flight time reduced or the inspection aborted.
The approach of the wind turbine is usually done manually, whereby the images are often not usable due to the environmental conditions. Especially if there are too strong or too weak contrasts between the sky and the surface of the rotor blade or the position of the sun is bad (e.g. back light) or clouds or fog are present, the images cannot be taken with sufficient quality. Therefore the recording quality is strongly dependent on the individual knowledge and skills of the operator who controls the inspection platform.
Usually, the wind turbine is switched off for the duration of the inspection. An inspection while the wind turbine is running presents the operator of the flying inspection platform with great challenges. The latter must always keep the inspection platform at the correct distance from the wind turbine and, in doing so, time the triggering time of a camera, for example, as optimally as possible. Also, one operator can only operate one flying inspection platform at a time, so that the personnel expenditure for the inspection of the wind turbines is considerable.
WO 2017/010206 A1 discloses a procedure for fastening a blade of a wind turbine rotor that is to be aligned horizontally.
EP 3 109 716 A1 describes a method for diagnosing the components of the wind farm, which is characterized by the fact that the inspection of the wind farm is carried out autonomously.
For this reason, the subject matter was based on the object of optimizing the inspection of wind turbines with regard to their recording quality as well as the possible operating times.

Inspection device controller for an inspection device of a wind power plant


In drying a beltlike article such as a slide fastener tape by high-frequency induction heating, the tape is wound on the outer circumferential surface of a rotary drum heated from inside while rotating. An induction heating coil is mounted on the outer circumferential surface of a stationary drum, as an inner drum, with a gap with the inner circumferential surface of the rotary drum. The rotary drum is supported at one end by a rotary shaft via an adiabatic material. The stationary inner drum is made of a metal plate having a high heat conductivity for facilitating heat radiation of the heating coil, while the rotary drum is made of a cladding plate including iron and copper plates in combination.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to a method of and an apparatus for drying a continuous-length beltlike article, such as an elongated strip of cloth, an elongated strip of paper, a slide fastener tape, a surface-type fastener tape, or the like, and an induction heater equipped with rotary drums. More particularly the invention relates to an effective technology to dry such a beltlike article after washed or dyed.
2. Description of the Related Art
Attempts have hitherto been made to dry an elongated beltlike cloth or paper article containing moisture, particularly by heating the beltlike article to evaporate water. To this end it is currently known that hot or heated air is blown out over the beltlike article and that the beltlike article is wound around rotary drums that are heated, for example, by introducing steam into the rotary drums, by placing an electric heater in each rotary drum, or by heating each rotary drum from its outside by electromagnetic induction. These known technologies will now be described specifically with reference to FIGS. 8, 9 and 10.
FIG. 8 shows a prior art apparatus for drying a continuous-length beltlike article (slide fastener tape) 32 with hot air. In this drying apparatus, the beltlike article 32 is continuously fed as wound in a zigzag pattern around several pairs (only one pair are illustrated) obliquely spaced rollers 31, 31 arranged horizontally one pair behind another. Downstream of the roller assembly, a nichrome-wire heater 33 and a fan 34 are located to blow out hot air over the beltlike article 32 in the direction indicated by arrows.
FIG. 9 shows another prior art drying apparatus in which the beltlike article 32 is dried by the heat of a pair of vertically spaced rotary drums 35, 35 heated with steam. During the drying, the beltlike article 32 is wound several times around the two rotary drums 35, 35, and the rotary drums 35, 35 are heated from inside with steam supplied from a steam boiler 36 via a supply pipe 37 and discharged from a discharge pipe 38. Designated by 39 is an adiabatic material covering the supply pipe 37.
FIG. 10 is a side view, with its upper half in cross section, of still another prior art drying apparatus in which a non-illustrated beltlike article is dried by the heat of rotary drums (only one shown) 41 heated from outside by electromagnetic induction heating. FIG. 11 is a fragmentary front view of FIG. 10. During the drying, the non-illustrated beltlike article is wound around the rotary drums 41, whose each shaft is rotatably supported at only one end by a bearing 40. A pair of heating coils 42, 42 are located adjacent to the outer circumferential surface of each rotary drum 41 for induction heating.
However, these prior art technologies have the following disadvantages.
The first-named apparatus is large in entire structure and hence requires an extensive area (e.g., about 15 m in the longitudinal direction) for installation, thus causing a poor thermal efficiency (less than 10%), an increased cost of running, and nonuniform temperature of hot air (varies by plus and minus 20%). For these reasons, the once dyed beltlike article would be discolored on a certain occasion. At the time to start the apparatus, the temperature of hot air would rise very slowly at the time to start the apparatus, requiring a long time to initiate drying operation. At the time to stop the apparatus, it would be lowered very slowly, causing the dyed beltlike article to be overheated and discolored due to thermal inertia.
In the second-named apparatus, the appurtenant work for installation of the steam boiler 36, the adiabatic pipe 37, ect. would be on a large scale, and the individual rotary drum 35 must be in the form of a pressure-resistant vessel, which is burdensome. The joint between the individual pipe 37, 38 and the individual rotary drum 35 is a connecting structure between a fixed part and a rotating part, which structure would be a cause for pressure leakage. Also the cost of facility installation would rise, and the thermal efficiency would be bad, thus remarkedly increasing the running cost. Further, since the facility cannot be moved easily, it is difficult to change the layout of the factory. Even when the heating temperature is to be varied commensurate with the rate of drying process, it is very difficult to control the temperature by the amount of steam supply, and there is a large danger in operation as high-temperature steam is used.
Furthermore, the method for performing induction heating the individual rotary drum from outside is a virtually effective solution to the problems in case of hot air or steam. However, in the induction heating method, since heating is performed locally, both the temperature rise to start the drying operation and the cooling down to stop the drying operation are very slow, and the thermal efficiency also is poor. If the individual rotary drum is heated while it is stopped, only a part of the circumferential surface of the rotary drum is heated, thus causing an irregular thermal distribution and hence distorting the rotary drum 41. Additionally, since the heating coils 42 are located adjacent to the outer circumferential surface of the rotary drum 41, it is difficult to wound the beltlike article around the rotary drum 41.

Method and apparatus for drying beltlike article, and induction heater having rotary drums


An arrangement for sealing a housing with a cover that includes a central hole for holding a gasket for a shaft extending through the gasket in the installed state, and at least first and second hollow-cylindrical protuberances which project roughly in the direction of the shaft relative to the areas of the cover which directly surrounds them. The protuberances are inserted into the corresponding cavities of the housing. The peripheral surfaces of the first protuberance and its respective cavity adjoin one another essentially without play, and the second protuberance can be essentially freely positioned within its cavity in the direction of a line which connects the two center points of the two protuberances, with the second protuberance adjoining at least one point of the peripheral surface of the cavity in the direction of the cavity diameter which is perpendicular to the line.

Housing sealing covers with a shaft bushing, especially for the rear crankshaft seal, are always subject to installation space restriction. The overall height of the housing sealing cover including its fasteners is of decisive importance, but can be influenced essentially only via the thickness of the flange section of the housing sealing cover under the fasteners. For this reason housing sealing covers of drawn sheet metal have become established on the market.
Housing sealing covers for crankshaft penetrations on internal combustion engines can be centered with respect to the crankshaft and engine block via two protruding cylinders which are drawn symmetrically out of the sheet metal carrier element of the housing sealing cover. These protrusions are able to combine a screw penetration and centering function. These centering protrusions, known for example from EP 0 503 143 B1, must be dimensioned such that they can be installed for all tolerance limit positions. This requires a corresponding nominal clearance or nominal play between the protrusions of the housing sealing cover and the corresponding holes of the engine block. EP 0 503 143 B1 furthermore describes that in order to simplify installation, there are protrusions which are arched on at least two screw passage guides and which have three deviations from a circular shape spaced along the periphery of each protrusions, and thus make contact in three spots in the holes of the engine block. The protrusions thus fit without play into the respective holes.


Systems and methods for controlling access to captured media content may involve basing a user identifier's permissions on location and/or time data associated with the user identifier. The location data may be indicative of one or more geographical locations at which a user device associated with the user identifier was, or is, located. In some cases, the permissions of the user identifier may be based in part on a comparison between the location data associated with the user identifier and data indicative of where and/or when the media content was captured.

The present disclosure generally relates to controlling access to captured media content, such as a digital photograph. The present disclosure more specifically relates to using location and/or time data associated with captured media content to control access to the content.
The proliferation of image sensing devices in recent years has led to digital photography overtaking film-based solutions as the most prevalent technology in the field. For example, many modern portable electronic devices (cellular telephones, music players, tablet computers, etc.) now include integrated camera functions. In general, these devices capture digital photographs via integrated image sensors that convert optical signals into electronic data that is stored in electronic memories. For example, many devices now include charge-coupled device (CCD) or complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensors to capture digital photographs. A captured digital photograph may then be viewed on an electronic display, printed, or shared with others via the Internet.

Controlling access to captured media content


There is provided a manufacturing method for a composite body of a continuous sheet associated with an absorbent article, the composite body being manufactured by attaching a single-cut sheet to the continuous sheet at a predetermined attachment pitch. The method includes: holding the single-cut sheet by a holding section in surface-to-surface contact, the holding section moving along a path; weakening a holding force by which the single-cut sheet is held; exerting a suction force on the single-cut sheet through the continuous sheet, the suction force causing the single-cut sheet to be sucked toward the continuous sheet; and when the holding section passes a delivery position set on the path, separating the single-cut sheet from the holding section, and delivering the single-cut sheet to the continuous sheet by attaching the single-cut sheet to the continuous sheet without pinching the single-cut sheet between the holding section and the continuous sheet due to the weakening and the exerting, the continuous sheet being running through a neighboring position near the delivery position.

In a conventional production line for an absorbent article such as disposable diapers and sanitary napkins, as shown in a schematic side view of FIG. 1, single-cut sheets 7 made of a soft nonwoven fabric or the like are attached to a continuous sheet 8a made of a soft nonwoven fabric or the like at a predetermined attachment pitch P7 in the direction in which the continuous sheet 8a extends.
As an example of the above method, PLT 1 describes a method as follows. First, the single-cut sheets 7 cut off by a cutter roller 121 are sucked to and held on an outer circumferential surface 123s of a rotating anvil roller 123 at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction. Also, at a predetermined position Pout (hereinafter referred to as a "delivery position Pout") of the outer circumferential surface 123s in the circumferential direction, the continuous sheet 8a is fed so as to run along the tangent of the outer circumferential surface 123s. An adhesive (not shown) is previously applied to portions of the continuous sheet 8a on which the single-cut sheets 7 are to be placed. Thus, when each single-cut sheet 7 held on the outer circumferential surface 123s passes the delivery position Pout, a portion thereof that is passing the delivery position Pout is sequentially attached and delivered to the continuous sheet 8a.

Manufacturing method and apparatus for composite body of continuous sheet associated with absorbent article and manufacturing method for absorbent article


It is provided a method of controlling a shift register in which a plurality of transfer unit circuits, each having a storage unit and a writing unit, are connected in series. The storage unit has a hold gate and stores a logical level of a pulse when the hold gate is in an active state, and the writing unit has a writing gate and stores a pulse in the storage unit when the writing gate is in an active state. The method includes: performing control such that the writing gate is shifted from the active state to the non-active state and then the hold gate is shifted from the non-active state to the active state, when the writing gate is shifted from an active state to a non-active state and the hold gate is shifted from a non-active state to an active state; and performing control such that the hold gate is shifted from the active state to the non-active state and then the writing gate is shifted from the non-active state to the active state, when the writing gate is shifted from the non-active state to the active state and the hold gate is shifted from the active state to the non-active state.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a shift register that can transfer a pulse, to a method of controlling the same, to an electro-optical device, and to an electronic apparatus.
2. Related Art
Electro-optical devices, which perform display through an electro-optical change of an electro-optical material, such as liquid crystal, or organic electroluminescence (EL), have been widely used as display devices such as an information processing apparatus, a television, or the like. Among the electro-optical devices, there is an active-matrix-type device which drives a pixel through a pixel switch. That is, in the active-matrix-type electro-optical device, pixel electrodes are formed so as to correspond to intersections of scanning lines extending in a row direction and data lines extending in a column direction. In addition, a pixel switch, such as a thin film transistor or the like, which is turned on or off according to a scanning signal supplied to the scanning line, is inserted between each pixel electrode and each data line at the intersection. In addition, a counter electrode is provided so as to face the pixel electrode with the electro-optical material therebetween.
In this configuration, if a scanning signal of an ON voltage is applied to the scanning line, a pixel switch connected to the corresponding scanning line is turned on. At the time when the pixel switch is turned on, if a data signal according to a gray-scale level (concentration) is supplied to the data line, since the corresponding data signal is applied to the pixel electrode through the pixel switch, a voltage according to the data signal is applied to the electro-optical material interposed between the corresponding pixel electrode and the counter electrode. Thereby, the electro-optical material is subjected to an electro-optical change. As a result, in each pixel, an amount of transmitted light, an amount of reflected light, or an amount of emitted light (at least, an amount of light which an observer can recognize) depends on the voltage of the data signal applied to the pixel electrode. Therefore, this control is performed for every pixel, which results in predetermined display.
Here, the scanning signal is output from a scanning line driving circuit. The scanning line driving circuit has a Y shift register in which a plurality of stages of circuit blocks are connected with multiple stages in a Y direction. The Y shift register shifts a start pulse supplied at the beginning of a vertical scanning period using a Y clock signal that becomes a reference of the horizontal scanning. In addition, the data signal is output from the data line driving circuit. The data line driving circuit supplies the sampling signal to a sampling switch sampling the image signal supplied in synchronization with the vertical scanning and the horizontal scanning for every data line for a horizontal effective scanning period. In more detail, the data line driving circuit has an X shift register in which a plurality of stages of circuit blocks are connected with multiple stages in an X direction. The X shift register shifts a start pulse supplied at the beginning of a first horizontal scanning period using an X clock signal in synchronization with a period for which the image signal is supplied.
In JP-A-2003-228315, as the shift register used in the above-mentioned driving circuits, a shift register is disclosed in which a plurality of circuit blocks are cascade-connected and each of the circuit blocks has a transfer circuit and a clock control circuit. Here, the transfer circuit is supplied with first and second clock signals, but if periods for which these signals become effective overlap, there is a possibility that erroneous operation occurs. Accordingly, a structure using a waveform shaping circuit shown in FIG. 27 is disclosed in JP-A-2003-228315. This waveform shaping circuit is composed of five inverters 711 to 715. The inverters 714 and 715 constitute a latch circuit. Thereby, the overlapping period can be decreased.
However, in the waveform shaping circuit disclosed in JP-A-2003-228315, in order to arrange phases of a non-inverted clock signal CL and an inverted clock signal CL*, it is required to use the inverters 712 to 715 each having a high driving capability. For this reason, there is a problem in that power consumption and noise increase. In addition, if the inverters 712 and 715 each having a low driving capability are used, waveforms of the non-inverted clock signal CL and the inverted clock signal CL* overlap, which results in erroneous operation in the transfer unit circuit. In particular, when the pulse is transferred from any transfer unit circuit to the next transfer unit circuit, a problem occurs in that the pulse is transferred from the next transfer unit circuit to a transfer unit circuit subsequent to the next transfer unit circuit.

Shift register, method of controlling the same, electro-optical device, and electronic apparatus