A laser-welded article comprises:                a laser-transmissible workpiece made from a laser-transmissible colored resin composition including at least a thermoplastic resin and an alkaline earth metal salt of an anthraquinone-type acidic dye represented by the following chemical formulae (1) and/or (2)

For joining mutually workpieces made from a synthetic thermoplastic resin material, a method for laser welding is known.
Such the laser welding is executed for example as follows. As shown in FIG. 1, a workpiece made from a laser-transmissible material and another workpiece made from a laser-absorptive material are put together. Laser is irradiated from the laser-transmissible workpiece side towards the laser-absorptive workpiece side. The laser transmitted through the laser-transmissible workpiece, is absorbed into the laser-absorptive workpiece and causes the exothermic. The laser-absorptive workpiece at a laser-absorbing neighborhood is melted by the exothermic. Then it melts the laser-transmissible workpiece, to weld both workpieces. After cooling, the laser-transmissible workpiece and the laser-absorptive workpiece are firmly joined with sufficient welding strength.
The following merits of the laser welding are mentioned. They are feasibility of the welding without contact of a laser beam source and the workpieces being due to weld; little thermal influence of periphery by the local exothermic; no threat of mechanical vibration; feasibility of the welding of the precise workpieces or the three-dimensional or complicated workpieces for themselves; superior reproducibility; maintaining of sufficient airtightness; great welding strength; difficulty of recognizing a boundary line of the welding by visual observation; no generation of dust and so on.
The laser welding is executed by simple operation for joining certainly. The laser welding achieves equal or more joining strength, as compared with prior joining of resin workpieces for example clamping by clamps such as bolts, screws and clips, bonding by a bonding agent, vibration welding, ultrasonic welding. Also it achieves labor saving, improving of productivity, and decreasing of working cost, because of little thermal or vibratory influence. So the laser welding is applied to joining of functional workpieces or electric workpieces that is due to avoid the thermal or vibratory influence under an automobile industry and an electric or electronic industry. And the laser welding is adapted to joining of resin workpieces having an intricate shape.
As a prior art of the laser welding in Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 11-170371, a method for the laser welding is mentioned. The method comprises a step that an opaque workpiece made from a laser-absorptive synthetic thermoplastic resin and a colorless transparent workpiece made from a laser-transmissible synthetic thermoplastic resin are put together, and then the laser is irradiated in focus at a put portion thereof together. When the welded portion is watched from a side of the colorless transparent workpiece, the welded portion and a non-welded portion differ in color and smoothness and look unattractive.
In Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 2000-309694, anthraquinone-type dyes as colorant for a laser-transmissible colored thermoplastic resin composition are mentioned. If the composition is preserved for a long-term, the colorant would be sublimed. Then color tone thereof fades out from the workpiece made from the composition. Therefore the welded position looks unattractive.
It is desired that a laser-transmissible colored thermoplastic resin composition does not cause fading out a hue under a thermal treatment procedure before the laser welding, does not cause sublimation of colorant in the composition, and has sufficient laser-transmissible property. Furthermore it is important that the colorant in the laser-transmissible colored thermoplastic resin composition has sufficient heat resistance and fastness, because the prepared laser-welded article must not sublime the colorant and must not fade the color tone out under stark exposure atmosphere such as high temperature and high humidity.

Laser-welded article of laser-transmissible workpiece including alkaline earth metal salt of anthraquinone acidic dye

Abstract: and a laser-absorptive workpiece putting the laser-transmissible workpiece together,        wherein the workpieces are welded at the put position thereof by irradiated laser towards the laser-transmissible workpiece that transmits therethrough and is absorbed into the laser-absorptive workpiece.


When a first mode (with-SOF mode) has been set, data transfer is performed while SOF packets are transferred at frame periods, and when a second mode (non-SOF mode) has been set and also non-periodic (bulk) transfer is being performed, the periodic transfer of SOF packets is disabled and non-periodic data is transferred. If there is no non-periodic data to be transferred, a SOF packet is transferred in the frame period, even if the second mode has been set. During host operation with USB on-the-go (OTG), pipe regions are allocated to the packet buffer, and non-periodic data is transferred automatically to or from end points while the periodic transfer of SOF packets is disabled. When all of the automatic transfer instruction signals of the pipe regions are inactive, SOF packets are transferred periodically even if the second mode has been set.

The present invention relates to a data transfer control device, electronic equipment, and a data transfer control method.
The universal serial bus (USB) standard 2.0 is expanding well in the marketplace, but an interface standard called the USB On-The-Go (OTG) has been settled upon by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF). The OTG standard (OTG 1.0) that has been derived as an extension of USB 2.0 holds out the possibility of bringing new additional value to the USB interface, and it is expected that applications that make use of these characteristics will appear.
This OTG makes it possible to impart a host function to a peripheral (peripheral device) connected to a host (such as a personal computer) by existing USB. This makes it possible to transfer data between peripherals connected by USB, enabling direct connection between a digital camera and a printer, by way of example, so that an image from the digital camera can be printed. It is also possible to connect a digital camera or digital video camera to a storage device, to save data therein.
However, it is usual for a peripheral that is given the host function by OTG to have a limited-capability CPU (processing section) incorporated therein. The addition of the host function therefore places a heavy processing load on the CPU (firmware) of the peripheral, making processing complicated and raising further problems such as impeding other processes and lengthening the design period of the device.
Four types of transfer are defined by the various USB standards such as USB 1.1, USB 2.0, and OTG: isochronous transfer, bulk transfer, control transfer, and interrupt transfer. A USB host manages the transfer sequence of packets of each of these transfer types, and transfers packets of each transfer type while considering the remaining time in each frame. For that reason, the host performs frame management under USB, so that the host transfers a start-of-frame (SOF) packet to the peripheral every 1 ms at full speed (FS) or low speed (LS) or 125 μs at high speed (HS).
It has become clear that with non-periodic transfers such as bulk transfer or control transfer, however, the transfer of such a SOF packet has the result of reducing the bus bandwidth, which raises the problem of a drop in transfer efficiency.

Data transfer control device for data transfer over a bus, electronic equipment and method for data transfer over a bus


A cord set for electrically connecting an electrically powered device to a power source. The cord set includes a plug, a receptacle defining an axis and an axial passage extending through the receptacle to accommodate the plug, and coupling means extending axially from the receptacle for coupling the plug to the receptacle. The present invention is also directed to a cord set receptacle that defines an axis and an axial passage extending through the receptacle to accommodate a plug and coupling means extending axially from the receptacle for coupling the plug to the receptacle.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to electrically powered accessories for motor vehicles and, more particularly, to a cord set for such electrical powered accessories.
2. Discussion
Various electrically powered devices are designed for use with vehicles including automobiles, light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty vehicles. These devices, including cold weather starting devices such as radiant heaters, engine block heaters, fluid heaters, battery warmers, and the like, are generally fixed to the automobile body and operationally connected to an appropriate component of the vehicle engine. The operation of the devices generally occurs upon connection to a power source external to the vehicle. Accordingly, a factor in the sales and use of these devices is the simplicity with which the device can be electrically connected to the power source. To address this ease of use concern, cord sets have been developed that include a receptacle connected to the vehicle body for mounting an electrical cord that is connected to the electrically powered device. The power cords of the cord sets terminate at a male or female plug that is coupled to the receptacle whereupon connection of the male or female plug to an appropriately configured counterpart plug external to the vehicle engine compartment allows selective electrical connection of the device to the power source.
Cord sets for selectively electrically connecting an electrically powered automobile accessory to a power source are available for use with heavy-duty vehicles and selected automotive applications. Specifically, the assignee of the present invention and others have manufactured cord set receptacles that are generally cylindrical in shape and include a cylindrical housing open at one end to accommodate a male plug and normally closed at a second end by a spring biased cover. To securely yet releasably connect the male plug to the housing, the housing is provided with an opening that accommodates a spring biased button on the plug. The spring biased button prevents inadvertent removal of the male plug from the housing and, as noted above, has generally been found to provide a satisfactory cord set receptacle for heavy-duty vehicles.
Despite the satisfactory application of the above-described cylindrical type cord set for use with heavy-duty trucks and certain automotive applications, the same configuration has been found to be unsatisfactory for many uses in the automotive market. Cord sets for the automotive market are subject to extremely tight space constraints that are not satisfied by the cylindrically configured receptacle with the spring biased button. More particularly, the above-described cylindrical cord set requires that the male plug that is inserted within the receptacle have the button and biasing mechanism contained within the plug itself. As a result, the plug must be enlarged to accommodate these additional mechanical features. In view of the tight space constraints for the automotive market, it is desirable that an automotive cord set include a mechanism for intercoupling the receptacle and plug that does not increase the overall size of the receptacle. Prior art cord sets have failed to address this need.


A lanyard for carrying or wearing portable electronic devices is disclosed. The lanyard includes a neck cord having data carrying capabilities. The lanyard also includes a harness that physically holds and operatively couples the portable electronic device to the neck cord. When a portable electronic device is coupled to the harness, the portable electronic device can be worn around a neck and communicate with an input and/or output (I/O) device (e.g., earphones) operatively coupled to the data carrying cord. That is, the I/O device can send data through the neck cord to the portable electronic device and/or receive data being carried by the neck cord from the portable electronic device. The lanyard facilitates greater ease in wearing portable electronic devices and enables better approaches for managing wires between portable electronic devices and peripheral I/O devices.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to lanyards for handheld electronic devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to a lanyards that incorporate electronic circuitry.
2. Description of the Related Art
A lanyard is a rope or cord often worn around the neck or wrist to carry something. For example, lanyards may refer to straps or cords that are attached to an article such as a firearm, whistle, or placard and worn around the neck or shoulder to prevent loss of the article. In some cases, the lanyard may include a clip for securing the article to the cord. Recent examples of lanyards are cords that include clips that hold a badge associated with a tradeshow, or cords that include clips that hold electronic identification cards for allowing entry into rooms. Lanyards have also been used to attach an ignition safety switch of a water craft such as a jetski to the operators wrist. Similarly, in exercise equipment, a lanyard may be used to attach a stop or deceleration device of a treadmill to the operator.
A lanyard for handheld electronic devices is desired.


An electrical receptacle is provided herein which has a special locking mechanism preventing the plug from falling off. The receptacle mainly contains a body housed inside a sleeve. The body has at least a locking blade with a bended portion extended out of the body and pressed against the inside of the sleeve. A slot opening on the bended portion is roughly aligned with the slot of the body. When the prong of a plug is inserted into the sleeve, the sleeve presses the bended portion so that the slot opening and the slot on the body are completely aligned and the prong could go all the way into the slot of the body. The bended portion of the locking blade then springs back to a slant position to lock the prong. To unplug, the pulling force applied to the plug drags the body toward the sleeve which again presses the bended portion of the locking blade so that the prong could be pulled out of the slot of the body easily.

(a) Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to electrical receptacles and, more particularly, to a receptacle structure having a locking mechanism to prevent from the plug from falling off.
(b) Description of the Prior Art
Traditional electrical receptacle relies on the electrical conducting blades installed inside the receptacle to clip the prongs of a plug. Usually after period of usage, the clipping force of the electrical conducting blades is weaken and therefore the receptacle cannot hold the prongs reliably, and some slight impact could knock the plug off the receptacle easily, causing sudden interruption to the supply of electricity. When this happens, the electrical appliance could be damaged or some vital data is lost. To solve the problem, people usually force the prongs to spread farther apart so that they could establish tighter contact with the electrical conducting blades. However, this brute-force approach may destroy the plug or further diminish the clipping force of the electrical conducting blade.


In a variable valve timing apparatus having a VVT mechanism in each of a plurality of banks, start of a valve timing control is not permitted until reference position learning of valve timing is completed in the corresponding bank and in other banks. Accordingly, the plurality of banks come to have matching valve timing setting at the time of valve timing control, whereby variation in the amount of air introduced to cylinders can be suppressed, and satisfactory combustion characteristics can be maintained.

A VVT (Variable Valve Timing) apparatus has conventionally been known that changes the timing at which an intake valve or an exhaust valve is opened/closed, that is, the opening/closing phase (crank angle) according to an operating condition. Generally, in the variable valve timing apparatus, the phase is changed by rotating a camshaft, which opens/closes the intake valve or exhaust valve, relative to a sprocket or the like. The camshaft is rotated by an actuator such as a hydraulic or electric motor.
In an engine having a configuration with a plurality of cylinder groups (banks), the VVT mechanism is provided in each bank. Therefore, when the amount of air introduced to the cylinders differs bank by bank in such an engine configuration, variation of engine rotation (variation in rotation speed while the crankshaft rotates once) tends to occur, which may lead to larger engine vibration. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust setting of valve timings among the cylinder groups (banks).
In this respect, Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2003-172160 (Patent Document 1) discloses a variable valve timing control device of an internal combustion engine that enables matching of responsiveness to valve timing control among a plurality of cylinders, even if there is imbalance in camshaft load torque among the plurality of cylinders due to difference in the type of accessories. Particularly, Patent Document 1 addresses the design in which accessories such as a fuel pump (particularly a high-pressure pump supplying fuel to an in-cylinder direct injector) and a vacuum pump are driven only by the camshaft on the cylinder group of one side (bank of one side). Specifically, in consideration of a delay in valve timing control of a specific cylinder group caused by the load of accessories, the amount of control of a valve timing adjusting portion for the specific cylinder group and/or the other cylinder group is corrected so that the responsiveness to valve timing control of the specific cylinder group matches the responsiveness to valve timing control of the other cylinder group.
In order to accurately control the valve opening/closing phase (valve timing) using a variable valve timing apparatus, it is necessary to prevent error in detecting the actual phase of valve opening/closing. In order to reduce the detection error, it has been a common practice to set the valve opening/closing phase at a prescribed reference position that is limited mechanically, and to learn the error in the detected value of valve opening/closing phase at that time as an offset (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2004-156461).
In a variable valve timing apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2004-156461), reference position of the valve timing is learned under prescribed learning conditions (for example, every time engine operation starts), to ensure detection accuracy of the actual valve timing. Further, according to the disclosure, when learning is not complete, it is determined that the detection accuracy is low, and the rate of change in valve timing is limited. Consequently, damage to the apparatus caused by a movable portion hitting a stopper or the like at high speed can be prevented.
As described above, in the engine having a configuration with a plurality of cylinder groups (banks), consideration is necessary to match valve timing settings among the cylinder groups (banks) at the time of valve timing control also during such reference position learning as described in Patent Document 2. Patent Document 2, however, is silent about how to execute the reference position learning for the variable valve timing setting apparatus provided in the engine of such a configuration.


The present disclosure discloses an apparatus of cardiopulmonary resuscitator that is operated through a driving mechanism controlled and driven by air power. The driving mechanism functions to actuate a belt adapted to extend around a chest of a patient to generate reciprocating movement of pressing and releasing so as to achieve a purpose of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for recovering heartbeat and breathing of the patent.

The American Heart Association (AHA) has estimated that over 350,000 individuals in the United States experience a sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) each year, which is a sudden, abrupt loss of heart function resulting in sudden cardiac death within minutes of onset. Unfortunately, 95 percent of SCA victims die because cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) isn't provided soon enough.
CPR is the abbreviation for cardio pulmonary resuscitation, and is an emergency technique applied by combining artificial respiration and massage outside the heart, when breathing stops and the heart stops beating. Due to brain damage is likely to occur in just 4 to 6 minutes without oxygen supplying, and irreparable brain damage will be further caused while there is no oxygen supplying in more than 6 minutes. Accordingly, if the CPR is provided promptly, the breathing and circulation can be maintained to provide oxygen and blood flow to the brain so as to sustain life of patient in time. In another words, any cause of breath cease and cardiac arrest, including drowning, heart attack, car accident, electric shock, drug poisoning, gas poisoning and airway obstruction, before getting proper medical care, CPR is a effective choice to keep the brain cell and other organs from being damaged. With the merits of CPR described above, right now, the AHA trains more than 9 million people a year and it is determined to more than double that number, to 20 million, within the next five years.
However, manual CPR, even operated properly, will not provide enough efficiency to maintain the normal circulation of blood flowing to brain or heart due to, during processing CPR, the effectiveness getting decreased in occasions such as inadequate chest compression, rescuer fatigue, and moving patient by rescuer. Therefore, it has been a vital topic for the one skilled in this field to spend efforts providing an apparatus of cardiopulmonary resuscitator for overcoming the drawbacks of manual CPR.
Conventional technique for solve the above problem of manual CPR, such as U.S. Pat. No. 6,171,267 applied by Michigan Instruments, Inc. in 1999, discloses a high impulse cardiopulmonary resuscitator shown in FIG. 1. The cardiopulmonary resuscitation method and apparatus that is adapted to performing high-impulse CPR includes providing a chamber having an expandable volume and a patient-contacting pad that moves as a function of volume of the chamber and supplying a controlled quantity of a fluid to the chamber. This results in increasing the chamber volume by a controlled amount, thereby compressing the patient's chest with the patient-contacting pad during a systolic phase.
Please refer to FIG. 1, the apparatus comprises a base 11, a column 12 supported by the base 11, and a cardiopulmonary resuscitation arm assembly 13 adjustably supported along the column 12. The cardiopulmonary resuscitation arm assembly 13 has a fluid control system additionally including a timing circuit, a control valve assembly and a pressure regulator. A flexible pressure hose 14 interconnects the portion of the pneumatic source providing pneumatic power. The timing circuit is selectively to operate to control valve assembly so as to control operating frequency and pressing depth of a massage pad 15.
Another conventional way, such as U.S. Pat. No. 6,398,745 of Revivant Corporation, discloses a modular CPR assist device shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B. The device includes a panel 20, a motor box 21 and a drive spool 22 driven by the motor box 21, a belt 23 and a computer module 24. The computer module 24 is programmed and operated to repeatedly turn the motor and release the clutch inside the motor box 21 to roll the compression belt 23 onto the drive spool 22 and release the drive spool 22 to allow the belt 23 to unroll so as to generate massage effect to the patient. The merits of the device can avoid causing injury to the chest during the operation and improve the efficiency of the compression.

Apparatus of cardiopulmonary resuscitator

INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE


The present application discloses data processing methods. Example methods include obtaining information about a header field of a data packet and searching an exact match flow table for an exact match entry that matches the data packet. When the matching exact match is found, a determination is made as to whether an update time of a wildcard entry corresponding to the exact match entry is before a creation time of the exact match entry. In response to determining that the update time is before the creation time of the exact match entry, the data packet is processed according to an action instruction corresponding to the exact match entry. In response to determining that the update time of the wildcard entry corresponding to the exact match entry is not before the creation time of the exact match entry, the exact match entry is deleted.

A core of a Software Defined Network (SDN for short) is to separate a control plane of a network device from a data plane, so as to control the network device flexibly in a centralized manner. The control plane is configured to provide a flow entry, and the data plane is configured to process data according to a flow table generated by using flow entries.
Before processing data according to a flow table, the data plane first determines whether the flow table is being updated. Only when a flow table is not updated, the flow table is searched for a flow entry that matches a data packet, and further the data packet is processed according to an action instruction corresponding to the matched flow entry.
In a flow table updating process, searching of the flow table for the flow entry that matches the data packet is suspended. Consequently, a data packet processing delay is caused, and network performance is affected.


A closure lid for a connecting element of a computer container, comprising an inner part which is maintained on an outer part of said lid and which is provided with an annular groove on the outer periphery thereof, said groove being defined by an annular web on the outer side of the lid and having a sealing ring inserted therein. In order to provide a closure lid which is embodied in such a way that it is possible to prevent the sealing ring from being raised radially from the base of the groove as a result of existing pressure and therefore to relieve the pressure inside the container before the open position of the closure container is reached, the annular web disposed on the outer side of the lid is provided with an uneven bearing surface for the sealing ring.

One such container closure, and one such closure lid for the container neck of a container closure, are known from German Utility Model DE-U 299 28 541. This reference also describes how such container closures and closure lids are inserted, in order to seal off the container in the closing position of the closure lid, or upon rotation of the closure lid in the opening direction before the closure lid is finally released or removed from the container neck, to achieve a pressure relief on the basis of the still existing overpressure in the container interior, so that liftoff of the closure lid from pressure, which risks a burn injury from hot coolant as it shoots out, can be avoided.
In this prior art, one phenomenon of conventional container closures or closure lids, known as the champagne cork effect, is also described. In it, if the closure lid comes loose from the container neck, at elevated internal pressures, despite the radially inward-oriented tension that intrinsically presses the sealing ring against the annular groove, the sealing ring can still remain in contact with the inner wall of the container neck, if the sealing ring comes out of the region of the sealing face into the region of the neck enlargement, in the unscrewing direction of the closure lid. In other words, in this phenomenon, the sealing ring is lifted radially outward from the bottom of the annular groove by the overpressure in the container interior, so that after further unscrewing of the closure lid, the aforementioned champagne cork effect occurs from a sudden pressure relief. The aforementioned prior art avoids this phenomenon by providing that the annular rib toward the lid has pressure relief conduits, which connect the annular groove with the pressure relief chamber, or are open toward the side of the annular rib remote from the groove, whenever the sealing ring has been lifted from the bottom of the annular groove. Although this does substantially prevent the aforementioned champagne cork effect, nevertheless, because the overpressure is only partly reduced, a residual pressure in the container remains, which especially upon very fast release or unscrewing of the closure lid can still cause the closure lid to jump off suddenly, even if only slightly.

Container closure and closure lid for said container closure


A method for purifying bone-derived osteoinductive factors including an ultrafiltration process, an anion exchange process, a cation exchange process, and a reverse phase HPLC process. The ultrafiltration process preferably includes a first ultrafiltration step using a membrane having a nominal molecular weight cutoff of approximately 100 kilodaltons (kD) and a second ultrafiltration step employing a membrane having a nominal molecular weight cutoff of approximately 10 kD. For the anion exchange process, a strongly cationic resin is used, preferably having quaternary amine functional groups. Typically, the eluant for the anion exchange process has a conductivity from about 10,260 micromhos (.mu.mhos) (1.026.times.10.sup.-2 siemens (S)) to about 11,200 .mu.mhos (1.120.times.10.sup.-2 S). For the cation exchange process, a strongly anionic resin is used, preferably having sulfonic acid functional groups. The eluant for the cation exchange process typically has a conductivity from about 39,100 .mu.mhos (3.91.times.10.sup.-2 S) to about 82,700 .mu.mhos (8.27.times.10.sup.-2 S) or more. The HPLC process typically utilizes a column containing hydrocarbon-modified silica packing material. The osteoinductive proteins can be eluted from the HPLC column with an acetonitrile solution in combination with aqueous trifluoracetic acid. The purification processes yield osteoinductively active protein mixtures.

Bones include many proteins, some of which induce or promote bone growth. A great deal of research has been directed to producing, either by recombinant DNA techniques or by purification of naturally occurring proteins, specific osteoinductive proteins. Such proteins and a variety of processes for obtaining them are the subject of numerous patents. However, very little work has been directed to the economic, large scale commercial production of useful osteoinductive proteins.
Collagen Corporation of Palo Alto, Calif. is the assignee of a number of patents directed to osteoinductive proteins U.S. Pat. No. 4,434,094 by Seyedin et al., issued Feb. 28, 1984 identifies a process to partially purify an osteogenic factor and isolate a non-fibrous protein having a molecular weight less than 30 kilodaltons (kD) from demineralized bone extract using cation exchange chromatography. A partially purified bone-inducing factor of 10 to 30 kD and the purification process including extraction from demineralized bone, gel filtration, and cation exchange chromatography on a carboxymethyl cellulose column, and which may include reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,627,982 by Seyedin et al., issued Dec. 9, 1986. Also by Seyedin et al. and assigned to Collagen Corp., U.S. Pat. No. 4,774,228 issued Sep. 27, 1988, describes two 26 kD proteins found in bone having activity in a TGF-.beta. assay and purified using a process similar to that taught in Seyedin's U.S. Pat. No. '094 patent but including reverse phase HPLC or acetic acid-urea gel electrophoresis, where the purified proteins exhibit chondrogenic activity (purportedly related to bone formation). U.S. Pat. No. 4,863,732 by Nathan et al., issued Sep. 5, 1989 is directed to an injectable solution of an osteogenic factor such as that described in Seyedin's U.S. Pat. No. '982 patent, combined with atelopeptide collagen and further purified by coprecipitation. Other patents relate to mixtures of atelopeptide collagen material, e.g. U.S. Patent Nos. 4,789,663 by Wallace et al., issued Dec. 6, 1988 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,795,467 by Piez et al. issued Jan. 3, 1989.
Marshall R. Urist is an inventor named in numerous patents in the field of bone inducing agents. U.S. Pat. No. 4,294,753 by Urist, issued Oct. 13, 1981, describes a process for obtaining bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) by treating demineralized bone with a neutral salt to transform the bone collagen to gelatin, extracting the BMP with a solubilizing agent, then removing the solubilizing agent and salt by dialysis to precipitate the BMP. It is recognized that precipitation of proteins from solution is not highly selective. The BMP, with a molecular weight ranging from 1,000 to 100,000 is the subject of U.S. Pat. No. 4,455,256 by Urist, issued Jun. 19, 1984. U.S. Pat. No.4,619,989 by Urist, issued Oct. 28, 1986, discloses an improved process for further purifying and isolating human and bovine BMP compositions and factors, including additional dialysis and co-precipitation steps. U.S. Pat. No. 4,761,471 by Urist issued Aug. 2, 1988 relates to products obtained by the aforementioned process including a substantially pure BMP composition containing an active 17.5 kD (human) or 18.5 kD (bovine) BMP factor and BMP associated proteins with molecular weights of approximately 14, 22, 24, and 34 kD which may enhance but do not induce bone formation.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,877,864 by Wang, et al., issued Oct. 31, 1989 discloses human and bovine bone inductive factors of approximately 28 kD to 30 kD and characterized by a specific peptide sequence, which may be produced by recombinant gene techniques.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,804,744 by Sen, issued Feb. 14, 1989 identifies a primary osteogenic protein (P.sub.3) with a molecular weight of about 22 to 24 kD. This patent also identifies proteins P.sub.2 and P.sub.4 which are nonosteogenic without P.sub.3, and further identifies a method for isolating P.sub.3 from demineralized bone tissue including extractions, dialysis, gel filtration and HPLC steps.
As is apparent, it would be desirable to have a mixture of proteins which are highly osteoinductively active. It would be beneficial if such proteins could be produced efficiently and effectively on a commercial scale. It would also be beneficial if such proteins could be produced in a manner designed to minimize degradation of such proteins while maximizing production. It would also be beneficial if such proteins could be produced using relatively well-known unit operations in a process which is tolerant of minor variations in process conditions. It would also be beneficial if the mixture of proteins could be produced directly, without having to first obtain single specific proteins and remix them to attain the desired mixture.

Osteoinductive protein mixtures and purification processes


A semiconductor package may include first and second semiconductor chips stacked one upon the other, and each including, over a bottom surface thereof, first normal pads electrically coupled with first input/output circuits and first dummy pads located over the bottom surface of the first semiconductor chip. The semiconductor package may include first through electrodes passed through the first semiconductor chip, and electrically coupled to the first dummy pads of the first semiconductor chip and the first normal pads of the second semiconductor chip. The semiconductor package may include a substrate configured to support the bottom surface of the first semiconductor chip, and including first coupling pads electrically coupled with the first normal pads and the first dummy pads of the first semiconductor chip, respectively.

1. Technical Field
Various embodiments generally relate to a semiconductor technology, and more particularly, to a semiconductor package including an extended bandwidth.
2. Related Art
Packaging technologies for a semiconductor device are continuously being developed. Developments have been made toward miniaturization and high capacities. Recently, various technologies for a stacked semiconductor package, capable of satisfying miniaturization, high capacity and mounting efficiency, are being developed.
The term "stack" with regards to the semiconductor industry may refer to a technology of vertically piling at least two semiconductor chips or packages. In the case of a memory device, by using a stacking technology, it may be possible to realize a product having a memory capacity larger than that obtainable through a semiconductor integration process. Thus, improving mounting area utilization efficiency.
Among stacked semiconductor packages, a stacked semiconductor package using through electrodes has a structure whereby through electrodes are formed in semiconductor chips. The semiconductor chips may be physically connected and electrically coupled in a vertical direction by means of the through electrodes.
In the stacked semiconductor package using through electrodes, since the through electrodes, vertically passing through the semiconductor chips, provide common electrical coupling nodes, signals may be simultaneously inputted to the semiconductor chips. However, the signals may not be simultaneously outputted from the semiconductor chips. Therefore, even though the number of stacked semiconductor chips has increased, the bandwidths used for the stacked semiconductor chips remains fixed.

Semiconductor package including an extended bandwidth


A valve case (11) includes a plurality of ports (P1, P2, P3, . . . ). A valve body (50) rotates in the valve case (11) and slide on openings of predetermined ones of the ports (P1, P2, P3, . . . ) to switch a communication state among the ports (P1, P2, P3, . . . ). A motor (31) rotates the valve body (50). A controller (500) controls a rotation speed (ω) of the motor (31) in accordance with a differential pressure (ΔP) between internal and external pressures of the valve body (50).

Many refrigerant circuits in, for example, air conditioners use refrigerant passage change-over valves for switching passages of refrigerant in order to switch operation between cooling and heating, for example. One of such refrigerant passage change-over valves is used to control a communication state among ports in a hermetic case by rotating a movable valve body rotatably attached to a hermetic case by a motor to switch the positional relationship among the ports and grooves formed on the movable valve body (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Refrigerant passage change-over valve and air conditioner using the same


A halogen-free electrically insulating film is prepared from a composition including particular amounts of a poly(arylene ether), a hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic compound and a conjugated diene, and a triaryl phosphate. The electrically insulating film may be prepared by an extrusion and/or calendering method. Uses of the electrically insulating film include, for example, shielding applications in power supply housing, printed circuit board insulation, backlit aircraft in flight panels and displays, business equipment insulation, computer rack partitions, and television and monitor insulation.

Electrical insulation films are thin plastic sheets that are found in electronic components for computers, laptops, printers, fax machines, appliances, audio equipment, video equipment, telephones, radios, motors, generators, wires, cables, and the like. In order to function properly, electrical insulation films must be flame retardant. In particular, they must pass objective flame resistance tests such as those described in Underwriter's Laboratory Standard UL 94, "Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances". Historically, it has been difficult for electrical insulation materials to achieve the required UL 94 ratings without incorporating halogenated flame retardants in the composition used to make the electrical insulation film.
However, recently there has been a desire to reduce or eliminate halogenated components used in electronics and electrical devices. A number of countries have adopted the Waste in Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) and/or the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS). WEEE addresses toxic electronic waste and sets recycling and recovery targets for electrical equipment while RoHS restricts the use of hazardous materials in the manufacture of electronic and electrical devices. The incorporation of halogenated flame retardants in electrical insulation materials has made them difficult to recycle. With pressure to eliminate halogenated flame retardants in order to improve the recyclability and environmental safety of electric insulation films, there is a real need for plastic insulation films with good flame retardancy performance that do not contain halogenated flame retardants. In addition to being flame retardant and electrically insulating, the electrically insulating films must be esthetically pleasing and have good general workability. Workability refers to a film's ability to be cut into various shapes and sizes without fracture, and its ability to be fabricated via either cut-score or crease-score and folded into three-dimensional shapes. It has been very difficult to satisfy all these performance requirements with a halogen-free electrically insulating film.


A bearing holding portion supporting a crankshaft in a manner to rotate freely via a bearing and fittingly holding the bearing is formed in a crankcase. A second cross section passing through a crankshaft axis line and along an orthogonal direction to a cylinder axis line is set to have a larger cross-sectional area than a first cross section passing through the crankshaft axis line and along a direction of the cylinder axis line in the bearing holding portion.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a crankcase structure of an engine mounted on a vehicle such as a motorcycle.
2. Description of the Related Art
In an internal combustion engine such as a gasoline engine, explosion energy generated in an upper part of a piston is transmitted to a crankshaft via a connecting rod, and thereby the crankshaft is rotated. The crankshaft is supported by a crankcase via a bearing, and quite a large load due to engine explosion acts not only on the bearing but also on a bearing supporting portion of the crankcase. Since the crankshaft rotates at a high speed while receiving such a large load, high rigid strength is required of a shaft receiving bearing which supports the crankshaft and a vicinity of the bearing supporting portion.
Here, the above will be explained by using a concrete example of an engine of this kind. For example, in a four-cycle single-cylinder engine 10 shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, a crankcase 11 housing and supporting a crankshaft 12 in a rotatable manner, a cylinder 15 housing, in a vertically movable manner, a piston 14 coupled to the crankshaft 12 via a connecting rod 13, a cylinder head 17 housing a valve driving device 16, and a cylinder head cover 18 attached to cover the cylinder head 17 are connected in series in an approximately vertical direction.
As shown in FIG. 9, an intake port 19 and an exhaust port 20 which are each communicated with a combustion chamber 21 are formed in the cylinder head 17. The intake port 19 and the exhaust port 20 are opened and closed at a predetermined timing by an intake valve 22 and an exhaust valve 23 driven by the valve driving device 16.
In this example, as shown in FIG. 8, the crankcase 11 is configured to be right-and-left two-split along a split surface S. In this case, as shown in FIG. 10, a crank chamber 24 is formed by a right side crankcase 11R and a left side crankcase 11L, and in the crank chamber 24 a crankshaft 12 and a right and left pair of crank webs 12A which rotates integrally with the crankshaft 12 are axially supported in a manner to rotate freely. The connection rod 13 is coupled between each crank webs 12A, via a crank pin 25. Note that in a surrounding of the crank chamber 24, a mission chamber 26 is disposed in a rear side behind a case partition, a clutch chamber 27 is disposed in a right side thereof, and a magneto chamber 28 is disposed in a left side, adjacently to each other.
The crankshaft 12 is supported by a pair of bearings 29. In this example, as the bearing 29, a ball roller bearing is used, but a cylindrical roller bearing or a metal slide bearing can be used. The respective bearings 29 are fit into bearing holding portions 30 provided in the right side crankcase 11R and the left side crankcase 11L respectively and are fixedly supported inside the bearing holding portions 30. The bearing holding portion 30 has a cross section of an approximately band shape as indicated by a dashed line in FIG. 10, in order to equalize a fastening margin to the bearing 29, that is, a press-fit margin or a deformation margin.
At a time of engine explosion, as shown in FIG. 9, its explosion pressure P is received by a piston 14, and transmitted from the piston 14 to the crankshaft 12 via the connecting rod 13. The crankshaft 12 rotationally moves, and its explosive force simultaneously acts from the crankshaft 12 to the bearing holding portion 30 as a load F1 as indicated in FIG. 11. The explosive pressure P also acts on a cylinder head 17 side. Here, as shown in FIG. 8, the cylinder head 17 is fastened to the crankcase 11 by cylinder head bolts 31. In this case, the cylinder head bolts 31 are screwed to female screws 33 formed in a boss portion 32 provided in the crankcase 11. The explosive pressure P acting on the cylinder head 17 side acts on the crankcase 11 via the cylinder head bolt 31 as a load F2.
Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2009-243440
Action of the load F1 and the load F2 as above at the time of engine explosion causes occurrence of a stress-strain E1 in a cylinder axis line direction and a stress-strain E2 in an orthogonal direction to the cylinder axis line in the cylinder case 11, if no measure is taken. In order to suppress occurrence of a crack or a deformation of the crankcase 11 due to the stress-strains E1, E2, ribs 34 are provided between the bearing holding portion 30 and the boss portions 32. Though rigidity can be strengthened by providing the ribs 34, it is not always sufficient. That is, for the bearing holding portion 30 and the ribs 34, it is difficult to completely suppress a deformation responding to the stress-strains E1, E2 as indicated by two-dot chain lines of FIG. 11.
Note that Patent Document 1 discloses an example of a rib of this kind.

Crankcase structure of internal combustion engine


A noise reduction apparatus can include a frame and multiple spaced apart panels positioned adjacent to each other. Each of the panels or only one of the spaced apart panel elements may have holes therein to receive acoustic waves for absorbing the waves between the panels. The panels can be attached to a frame or other connection structure so that the arrangement of panels can be hung over a work space or positioned in a work space (e.g. in a wall, formed as a partition or wall, included as part of shelving, etc.). The panels can also be incorporated into a light fixture that may hang from a ceiling or be attached to some other type of support (e.g. a table, a base, etc.). The panels can be composed of glass, wood, or other type of material.

Furniture systems can be utilized in a number of different settings. In office settings, cubicle systems are often used to partition a work space into a number of different work areas. For example, cubicle partitions and privacy screens may be utilized to help define different work areas within a floor of an office building. Examples of such cubicle partitions and privacy screens can be appreciated from U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,287,079, 2,821,450, 3,777,437, 5,094,174, 5,111,770, 5,155,955, 5,287,909, 5,921,040, 6,000,180, 6,021,613, 6,073,399, 6,625,935, 8,365,798, and D164,734, and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2002/0189180 and 2009/029339.
Work spaces can be designed to be relatively open. Such arrangements can have large acoustic noise profiles due to working personnel sharing the same work space. The high volume of this acoustic noise can make it difficult for co-workers to communicate with each other, collaborate, or perform certain tasks.

Noise reduction apparatus and method of making and using the same


Oil and water emulsions containing alkylphosphoryl choline or alkylglycerophosphoryl choline surfactants are disclosed. The surfactants have the following general structures: ##STR1## In the above general structures, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 or R.sub.3 is alkyl, alkenyl, fluoroalkyl and alkenyl; and PC is the phosphoryl choline. The emulsions are useful as oxygen transport agents, artificial bloods or red blood cell substitutes.

Emulsions permit extensive subdivision of an oil (using this term in a general sense) with a consequent formation of an enormous oil-water interface. Emulsions may be of the oil-in-water type or water-in-oil type and may involve other phases and interfaces. Where these dispersions are of the oil-in-water type, they are usually referred to as oil emulsions or soluble oil compositions. Where the phases are reversed as in a water-in-oil type, they are commonly referred to as inverted emulsions. There are many industrial uses of oil and water emulsions including paints, adhesives, lubricants, cleansing agents, soaps, insecticides, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and therapeutic agents. This short list is only the beginning of a vast number of uses for oil and water emulsions.
One class of emulsions that has developed over a number of years is fluorocarbon emulsions as oxygen transport agents or artificial bloods. U.S. Pat. No. 3,911,138 which issued to Clark is an early example from the patent art which discloses perfluorocarbon emulsions as artificial bloods. As developed in this patent, neat fluorocarbon liquids cannot be injected into the blood stream, because their hydrophobic character makes them immiscible in the blood and, as a result, when they are transported in small blood vessels, they may cause vascular obstruction and death. As a consequence, for medical uses that require intravascular injection, highly fluorinated organic compounds or fluorochemicals must be dispersed as physiologically acceptable emulsions as developed in the above Clark patent and U.S. Pats. Nos. 4,110,474; 4,187,252 and 4,443,480.
There have been various attempts to make emulsions that are both stable and incorporate relatively large amounts of fluorocarbons that are required in clinical practice where the total volume of the emulsion that can be administered is limited, e.g., as in artificial bloods. An objective in the preparation of such emulsions is the employment of an acceptable fluorocarbon that may be excreted from the body within a clinically acceptable time period. Furthermore, compositions are required that are sterilizable without destruction of their stability.
A fluorocarbon emulsion that has been approved by the FDA is FLUOSOL DA which is an emulsion of perfluorodecalin and perfluorotripropylamine in a mixture of two surfactants, namely, egg yolk phospholipid and Pluronic F-68. This product, however, is not stable in the liquid state and must be stored frozen. Furthermore, the required presence of the perfluorotripropylamine in this emulsion to help stabilize it disadvantages the emulsion's medical usefulness because the half life of the perfluorotripropylamine in the liver and other body tissues is longer than desirable (see K. Yokoyama et al, "A Perfluorochemical Emulsion as an Oxygen Carrier" Artif. Organs (Cleve), 8 (1) pp. 34-40 (1984)). Finally, this emulsion contains only about 12% fluorocarbon by volume and thus it is much less therapeutically effective than desired because of its low oxygen content capacity.
Various surfactants have also been investigated in an attempt to produce useful and stable emulsions of fluorocarbons as oxygen transport agents in artificial bloods. For example, fluorocarbon emulsions containing a hydrogenated phospholipid, a nonionic polymeric surfactant and a surfactant selected from C6-22 fatty acids, their salts and monoglycerides, must also be stored at 4.degree. C. See, e.g., Japanese Pat. Appln. 59-067,229; U.S. Pat. No. 4,252,827 and German Offen. DE 2630506.
European Pat. Appln. 87300454.3 of Clark and Shaw describes novel emulsions of highly fluorinated organic compounds for use as oxygen transport agents and artificial bloods. This Clark and Shaw application discloses emulsions that are stable even when they contain higher levels of perfluorocarbons of up to about 75% by volume. The fluorocarbons of these emulsions display acceptable rapid excretion times from the liver and other body tissues, as well as being easily sterilized. These emulsions contain an oil as an emulsifying adjuvant in a composition containing the fluorochemical, surfactant and water. While improvements disclosed in this Clark and Shaw application are significant and alleviate many of the difficulties in the long search for effective transport agents in artificial bloods, there is a continuing need for further development.
In brief, emulsions of the oil and water type provide a very important role in many industries and numerous patents have been granted covering them. Research continues with efforts toward developing new emulsifying agents that provide emulsions having greater stability and broader utility in many industries including medical and non-medical fields.

Emulsions containing alkyl- or alkylglycerophosphoryl choline surfactants and methods of use


A power MOS gated device having a polygonal cell structure is formed together with a Schottky diode in a common silicon substrate. The source contact metal of each polygonal cell also contacts the silicon substrate at the center of the cell to form the Schottky contact of the fast recovery Schottky diode. A notch is also formed in the top surface of the substrate through the source region, and the source contact metal fills the notch.

MOSgated devices, particularly power MOSFETs are frequently used as synchronous rectifiers. A synchronous rectifier acts like a diode and is turned on when its equivalent diode is to conduct and is turned off when the equivalent diode is to cease conduction. Vertical conduction MOSFETs have an inherent body diode which, because it is relatively slow, increases reverse recovery losses and interferes with the operation of the device as a synchronous rectifier. More generally, such power MOSFETs have a given recovery loss. It is always useful to reduce this loss.

Integrated schottky diode and mosgated device


The present invention relates to the use of tumor suppressor genes in combination with a DNA damaging agent or factor for use in killing cells, and in particular cancerous cells. A tumor suppressor gene, p53, was delivered via a recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene transfer both in vitro and in vivo, in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent. Treated cells underwent apoptosis with specific DNA fragmentation. Direct injection of the p53-adenovirus construct into tumors subcutaneously, followed by intraperitoneal administration of a DNA damaging agent, cisplatin, induced massive apoptotic destruction of the tumors. The invention also provides for the clinical application of a regimen combining gene replacement using replication-deficient wild-type p53 adenovirus and DNA-damaging drugs for treatment of human cancer.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to the area of novel strategies for the improvement of chemotherapeutic intervention. In other aspects, the present invention provides novel methods and compositions that combine the potency of DNA damaging agents with the combined delivery of a tumor suppressor. The combination of DNA damaging factors with the heterologous expression of a tumor suppressor gene lead to a pronounced synergy over and above the actions of the individual components.
2. Description of Related Art
Current treatment methods for cancer, including radiation therapy surgery, and chemotherapy, are known to have limited effectiveness. Lung cancer alone kills more than 140,000 people annually in the United States. Recently, age-adjusted mortality from lung cancer has surpassed that from breast cancer in women. Although implementation of smoking-reduction programs has decreased the prevalence of smoking, lung cancer mortality rates will remain high well into the 21st century. The rational development of new therapies for lung cancer will depend on an understanding of the biology of lung cancer at the molecular level.
It is now well established that a variety of cancers are caused, at least in part, by genetic abnormalities that result in either the over expression of one or more genes, or the expression of an abnormal or mutant gene or genes. For example, in many cases, the expression of oncogenes is known to result in the development of cancer. "Oncogenes" are genetically altered genes whose mutated expression product somehow disrupts normal cellular function or control (Spandidos et al., 1989).
Most oncogenes studied to date have been found to be "activated" as the result of a mutation, often a point mutation, in the coding region of a normal cellular gene, i.e., a "proto-oncogene", that results in amino acid substitutions in the expressed protein product. This altered expression product exhibits an abnormal biological function that takes part in the neoplastic process (Travali et al., 1990). The underlying mutations can arise by various means, such as by chemical mutagenesis or ionizing radiation. A number of oncogenes and oncogene families, including ras, myc, neu, raf, erb, src, fms, jun and abl, have now been identified and characterized to varying degrees (Travali et al., 1990; Bishop, 1987).
During normal cell growth, it is thought that growth-promoting proto-oncogenes are counterbalanced by growth-constraining tumor suppressor genes. Several factors may contribute to an imbalance in these two forces, leading to the neoplastic state. One such factor is mutations in tumor suppressor genes (Weinberg, 1991).
An important tumor suppressor gene is the gene encoding the cellular protein, p53, which is a 53 kD nuclear phosphoprotein that controls cell proliferation. Mutations to the p53 gene and allele loss on chromosome 17p, where this gene is located are among the most frequent alterations identified in human malignancies. The p53 protein is highly conserved through evolution and is expressed in most normal tissues. Wild-type p53 has been shown to be involved in control of the cell cycle (Mercer, 1992), transcriptional regulation (Fields et al., 1990, and Mietz et al., 1992), DNA replication (Wilcock and Lane, 1991 and Bargonetti et al., 1991), and induction of apoptosis (Yonish-Rouach et al., 1991, and, Shaw et al., 1992).
Various mutant p53 alleles are known in which a single base substitution results in the synthesis of proteins that have quite different growth regulatory properties and ultimately, lead to malignancies (Hollstein et al., 1991). In fact, the p53 gene has been found to be the most frequently mutated gene in common human cancers (Hollstein et al., 1991; Weinberg, 1991), and is particularly associated with those cancers linked to cigarette smoke (Hollstein et al., 1991; Zakut-Houri et al., 1985). The overexpression of p53 in breast tumors has also been documented (Casey et al., 1991).
One of the most challenging aspects of gene therapy for cancer relates to utilization of tumor suppressor genes, such as p53. It has been reported that transfection of wild-type p53 into certain types of breast and lung cancer cells can restore, growth suppression control in cell lines (Casey et al., 1991; Takahasi et al., 1992). Although DNA transfection is not a viable means for introducing DNA into patients' cells, these results serve to demonstrate that supplying wild type p53 to cancer cells having a mutated p53 gene may be an effective treatment method if an improved means for delivering the p53 gene could be developed.
Gene delivery systems applicable to gene therapy for tumor suppression are currently being investigated and developed. Virus-based gene transfer vehicles are of particular interest because of the efficiency of viruses in infecting actual living cells, a process in which the viral genetic material itself is transferred. Some progress has been made in this regard as, for example, in the generation of retroviral vectors engineered to deliver a variety of genes. However, major problems are associated with using retroviral vectors for gene therapy since their infectivity depends on the availability of retroviral receptors on the target cells, they are difficult to concentrate and purify, and they only integrate efficiently into replicating cells.
Tumor cell resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs represents a major problem in clinical oncology. NSCLC accounts for at least 80% of the cases of lung cancer; patients with NSCLC are, however, generally unresponsive to chemotherapy (Doyle, 1993). One goal of current cancer research is to find ways to improve the efficacy of gene replacement therapy for cancer by investigating interaction between the gene product and chemotherapeutic drugs. The herpes simplex-thymidine kinase (HS-tK) gene, when delivered to brain tumors by a retroviral vector system, successfully induced susceptibility to the antiviral agent ganciclovir (Culver, et al., 1992). The HS-tK gene product is an exogenous viral enzyme, whereas the wt-p53 protein is expressed in normal tissues, suggesting that the modulation of chemoresistance by alterations in wt-p53 expression might be an alternative approach using a pathway mediated by an endogenous genetic program.
An adenovirus system has potential advantages for gene delivery in vivo, such as ease of producing high titer virus, high infection efficiency, and infectivity for many types of cells. The stability and duration of expression of the introduced gene are still controversial, however. The increase in p53 levels in cells that are sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs can occur within 6 hours after DNA-damaging stimuli (Fritsche, et al., 1993, Zhan, et al., 1993), although increased p53 DNA binding activity can be reversed over the course of 4 hours if the stimulus is removed (Tishler, et al., 1993). Therefore, a high level of p53 expression can be maintained even after cessation of drug exposure. The expression of wt-p53. protein by Ad-p53 peaks at postinfection day 3 (14-fold greater than endogenous wildtype) and decreases to a low level by day 9 (Zhang, et al., 1993). This suggests that a transiently high level of wt-p53 expression is sufficient to initiate the cytotoxic program in the cancer cell.
p53 has an important role as a determinant of chemosensitivity in human lung cancer cells. A variety of treatment protocols, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have been tried for human NSCLC, but the long-term survival rate remains unsatisfactory. What is needed is a combination therapy that is used alone or as an effective adjuvant treatment to prevent local recurrence following primary tumor resection or as a treatment that could be given by intralesional injections in drug-resistant primary, metastatic, or locally recurrent lung cancer. Compositions and methods are also needed to developed, explore and improve clinical applicability of novel compositions for the treatment of cancer. Furthermore these methods and compositions must prove their value in an in vivo setting.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Methods and compositions comprising DNA damaging agents and p53

Board of Regents, the University of Texas System


A deck for a truck or trailer has a base frame and a deck frame movable relative to the base frame to either one of a tilt position or a dump position. A first pivot connection between the frames defines the pivot axis of the tilt position while a second pivot connection separate and spaced from the first pivot connection defines the pivot axis of the dump position. A common lift mechanism between the frames lifts the deck frame to either one of the tilt or dump positions depending upon the operative condition of the first and second pivot connections.

Trucks or trailers with transport decks are commonly available in two pivoting configurations, either a tilting configuration or a dumping configuration. In the tilting configuration, the pivot axis of the transport deck is usually spaced well ahead of the rear end to ensure the rear end is close to the ground and the deck is at a low inclination from horizontal for ease of loading wheeled vehicles thereon for example. In the dumping configuration, the pivot axis of the transport deck is typically positioned close to the rear of the transport deck to ensure the rear end of the deck is at or above the ground with sufficient clearance to permit lifting of the deck to a near vertical orientation.
Some attempts have been made to adjust the location of the pivot axis by incorporating components which are slidable relative to the base frame, the tilting deck frame or both. U.S. Pat. No. 5,678,978 by Markham discloses one example of a tiltable trailer deck with a displaceable frame; however, the sliding components may be difficult to operate and are not well suited to medium sized trailer configurations for towing with passenger trucks. Furthermore, the sliding components cannot be readily adapted to an integral truck deck.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,527,494 by Hurlbut discloses a single axis utility trailer for towing by passenger vehicles which includes tilt and dump functions; however, the single axis of the trailer is relied upon to define the pivot axis of the trailer deck when using the tilt function. Accordingly, the configuration of the deck frame is not adaptable for use with truck decks or dual axle trailers.

Transport deck frame with separate tile and dump pivot connections


A convertible table system for providing a table and then being convertible to a seat on a boat includes a pedestal being mounted to and extending upwardly from a deck of the boat. A conversion assembly is mounted to the pedestal to position the conversion assembly above the deck. The conversion assembly is actuatable between a table position and a chair position.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to multifunction boat seats and more particularly pertains to a new multifunction boat seat for providing a seat on a boat that is convertible into a table.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of multifunction boat seats is known in the prior art. While these devices fulfill their respective, particular objectives and requirements, the need remains for a system that has certain improved features that allow for the system to be used to be easily converted from a table to a chair without the need to disassemble any of the system. Additionally, the system should include an accessory that mounted to the system when the system is a chair to allow the support of objects to be used by a person sitting on the system.


An apparatus for displaying state and transition information in a system. A sensor and display system is disclosed for displaying aircraft landing gear status. The system utilizes two light emitting diodes (LEDs) for each landing gear leg to display the current position of each gear leg. One yellow LED indicates gear UP and the second green LED shows gear DOWN position. When the control switch is moved to change the position of the gear, the indicator light which had been lit is extinguished, and the indicator for the desired position begins to flash, indicating gear movement. The indicator will continue to flash until the gear leg has reached the limit of travel, at which time the indicator stops flashing and glows steadily. Each gear leg indicator operates independently of the others, so that proper position of each gear leg can be confirmed and any malfunction can immediately be identified.

Retractable landing gear used on an aircraft require an indicator to show the pilot that the gear are up or down, as the landing gear is normally out of view of the pilot sitting in the cockpit. It is very dangerous to land if one or more gear legs are partially extended, as collapse would almost certainly result. Conversely, if one or more gear were not fully retracted, drag and fuel consumption would be excessive and the aircraft structure could be overly stressed at high speed. Indicator systems currently in use have at most one light per landing gear which illuminates when the gear is fully down, and a warning light to show when there is a problem. Gear retraction is deduced by the position of the landing gear switch and by the extinguished indicator lights.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide additional gear status information.
A further object of the invention is to provide an indicator system which displays in transit (extension or retraction) information.
Another important object of the invention is to provide an indicator system which displays an indication that the gear have completed their travel to the required limits.


A surgical anchor comprises a plurality of plates configured into a stack with successive plates within the stack being vertically arrayed with respect to the stack. The stack has an undeployed configuration, and a deployed configuration. In the deployed configuration one or more of the plates is positioned outwardly more laterally with respect to the stack than in the undeployed configuration so as to retain the anchor in a bone hole. A biasing member between the plates in the stack biases the one or more plates toward the deployed configuration. The biasing member can provide a torsional force to induce the plates to rotate and fan outwardly.

A common type of injury, especially among athletes, is the complete or partial detachment of soft tissue including tendons or ligaments from bone. Tissue detachment may occur during a fall, by overexertion, or for a variety of other reasons. Surgical intervention is often needed, particularly when tissue is completely detached from its associated bone. Currently available devices for mechanical tissue reattachment in these and other orthopedic repairs include screws, staples, tacks and suture anchors. Suture anchors generally have an anchoring body for establishing a firm connection to bone, and one or more suture-retaining feature such as an eyelet or other passage that facilitates connection to and positioning of the separated tissue, to effect its repair to the bone.
One objective in improving the outcome of surgical procedures to repair a tissue detachment is to minimize surgical trauma to the patient, that is, to minimize trauma caused by the surgical procedure and not associated with the original injury. Progress in this field in recent years has included the introduction of minimally invasive surgeries, including arthroscopic surgeries where, for example, an anchor loaded with suture and mounted on an inserter device can be passed to a surgical site and fixed to bone via a surgical cannula positioned through a small opening in the patient's skin, thereby minimizing the size of the associated surgical incision and associated trauma.
The design of the suture anchor itself, including how it is fixed in bone and how it retains suture, is very important to surgical outcome, as well as to reducing the difficulty of performing technically challenging arthroscopic procedures, where the surgeon is required to manipulate sutures, anchors, soft tissue and bone, using specialized tools that must be operated through the narrow diameter cannula. Tying knots at a surgical site that is accessed only through a cannula can be particularly challenging. Early suture anchor designs typically routed suture slidingly through an eyelet in the anchor body so the suture could be tied between the anchor and soft tissue using surgical knots, commonly after drawing the damaged tissue to the anchor in bone.
Some more recent anchors are configured to retain suture without using knots, either via a unidirectional suture passage through the anchor, or using a mechanism that actively clamps the suture to prevent suture sliding through the eyelet after completion of the repair. Although some knotless suture anchors have been developed and can somewhat simplify a surgeon's tasks in minimally invasive surgeries, it remains challenging to provide anchors with which soft tissue can be drawn to a desired location on bone independently of locking the anchor body itself into the bone.
Further, many current suture anchors and especially many knotless anchors require a substantial depth of penetration into the bone for fixing the anchor, the depth often greatly exceeding a diameter or other cross sectional dimension of the anchor. In some situations such anchors are longer in their direction of insertion into bone than would be optimal for patient safety, for example, in some shoulder and spinal surgeries where adequate depth for the anchor or an opening to receive the anchor within the bone may not be available or easily evaluated in advance by the surgeon.
Therefore there is a need for improved anchoring devices that provide knotless attachment of suture or soft tissue to bone, as well as suture anchors designed for minimum penetration into bone.


A rover or semi-autonomous or autonomous vehicle may use an image classifier to determine a terrain class of regions of an image of the terrain ahead of the rover or vehicle. The regions of the images are used to estimate the slope of the terrain for the different regions. The terrain class and slope are used to predict an amount of slip the rover will experience when traversing the terrain of the different regions. A heuristic mapping for the terrain class may be applied to the predicted slip amount to determine a hazard level for the rover or vehicle traversing the terrain.

Planetary rovers are autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles that may be used to explore other planets. Planning routes for the rover to traverse requires careful planning in order to avoid traversing terrain that the rover may get stuck in. The communication delay between rovers and earth may make planning, revising, or updating routes based on actual terrain conditions time consuming. Rovers, or more broadly autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles, may also be used in traversing a wide range of terrain on earth. When traversing unknown terrain, careful route planning is needed to ensure the rover or vehicle does not get stuck.
Route planning may use terrain classification or characterisation techniques in order to attempt to determine how safe or unsafe particular terrain is to traverse. While terrain classification is helpful in route planning, it is desirable to have an additional, alternative and/or improved route planning techniques.

Terrain trafficability assessment for autonomous or semi-autonomous rover or vehicle


In an absolute position detection type photoelectric encoder devised so as to detect a pseudorandom pattern disposed on a main scale by means of a plurality of imaging optical systems, assembling of the absolute position detection type photoelectric encoder is facilitated and production cost thereof is reduced by providing: a single light-receiving array element disposed on the imaging surfaces of the imaging optical systems, which incorporates a greater light-receiving array portion in the length measurement direction than the light-receiving range of the respective imaging optical systems; a window signal storing portion for storing a window signal showing a light-receiving range of the respective imaging optical systems; and a window signal comparison portion for obtaining signals corresponding to individual imaging ranges by comparing scanning signals of the light-receiving array element with window signals.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an absolute position detection type photoelectric encoder that is devised so as to detect a pseudorandom pattern disposed on a main scale by a plurality of imaging optical systems, and in particular to an absolute position detection type photoelectric encoder that can be easily assembled at a low cost.
2. Description of the Related Art
The present applicant has proposed an absolute position detection type photoelectric encoder, which detects a pseudorandom pattern 200 disposed on a main scale (not illustrated) by means of a plurality of imaging optical systems (five systems in FIG. 1) 110A through 110E as shown in FIG. 1, in Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application No. 2007-218691 (hereinafter called "Patent Document 1," and referencing Paragraph Nos. [0035], [0044], FIG. 8 and FIG. 20 hereof).
With the configuration, a plurality of light-receiving array elements 130A through 130E are disposed on the imaging surface of the imaging optical system (for example, lens arrays) 110 in accordance with the imaging ranges of the respective imaging optical systems 110A through 110E.
However, since it is necessary that the positions of the respective imaging optical systems 110A through 110E are exactly matched with the positions of the light-receiving array elements 130A through 130E corresponding thereto, high assembling accuracy is required, which resultantly increases the production cost.

Absolute position encoder obtains signals corresponding to individual imaging ranges of imaging optical systems


In an example embodiment, a method of automatically generating data validation rules from data stored in a column of a table is provided. Outliers for the data are determined by analyzing a profiling statistic for the data, the profiling statistic having a type. Then it is determined if a predefined limit is exceeded, based on a quantity of the outliers determined for the data through the analysis of the profiling statistic. A data validation rule is then automatically generated based on non-outliers detected in the data through the analysis of the profiling statistic, the generated data validation rule also being based on the type of the profiling statistic. The data validation rule can then be applied to data subsequently entered for the column, causing at least a portion of the data subsequently entered for the column to be rejected.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems allow for the integration of internal and external management information across an entire organization, including financial/accounting, manufacturing, sales and service, customer relationship management, and the like. The purpose of ERP is to facilitate the flow of information between business functions inside the organization and management connections to outside entitles. Data with ERP, however, may not always be valid. For example, for an employee record, there may be a number of fields, including social security number, address, and postal code. Through profiling, it may be discovered that some of these fields have bad information, or at least are suspected to have bad information due to the patterns of data in all employee records. In one example, the country listed for addresses for some employees may be suspected as bad data if the values for the country field are outliers. If, for example, 30% of the employee records list USA as the country, 30% list CAN (for Canada), and 33% list JAP (for Japan), then if less than 1% list "USS" and "XX", then those records listing USS or XX may be viewed as potentially bad data, either through typographical errors during input (e.g., the user meant to type USA instead USS), or through intentionally leaving a placeholder (e.g., user put "XX" because the country was unknown). In such cases, it is beneficial to clean up this bad data and prevent future records from having such bad values entered on them. Validation rules can be used to do this, but currently validation rules require a lot of manual effort.


A heated and chilled water dispenser comprising: a housing; an input port fast with the housing for connection to a mains pressure water supply; at least one chilled water container arranged to receive water from the input port; a water chilling assembly arranged to cool said at least one chilled water container; at least one hot water tank including a heating element and a water receiving arrangement to receive water from the input port, the water receiving arrangement including an inlet valve responsive to water level; an inlet plenum associated with the inlet valve, the plenum being coupled with the input port to receive water, the plenum further comprising a fill pipe coupled to the hot water tank for supplying water to the hot water tank; a thermostat coupled to said at least one hot water tank for controlling the heating element and thus temperature of water within the hot water tank; a two way outlet tap configured for dispensing hot water from the hot water supply or chilled water from the chilled water container in accordance with a user's selection; a liquid delivery device coupled to said at least one hot water tank for supplying hot water from the hot water tank, said device being arranged to be actuated by the outlet tap.

Any references to methods, apparatus or documents of the prior art are not to be taken as constituting any evidence or admission that they formed, or form part of the common general knowledge.
It is known in homes and offices for there to be a need for hot and chilled water. Hot water is required in order to make beverages such as tea and coffee. Chilled water is often sought out during summer time and may be drunk straight or added to cordials for example.
One type of known hot water dispenser 2 is illustrated in FIG. 1. Dispenser 2 comprises a push button valve 4 which is mounted to bench top 5 and which allows water from a connected water supply to pass from water inlet 6 through pipe 8 and into hot water tank 10. Subsequently, after electric heater 12 has heated the water in tank 10, further operation of the push button 4 will cause heated water within the tank 10 to proceed out through tap 14 whilst introducing further ambient temperature water into the bottom of the tank. The push button valve 4 incorporates a pressure reduction assembly so that water from the pressure push button 4 is at a reduced pressure relative to the mains water supply to which it is connected. The pressure reduction assembly is used so that the hot water leaving the tap 14 does not egress at a dangerously high velocity which could cause injury. Due to the pressure reduction the hot water system that is illustrated in FIG. 1 is effectively a vented hot water system.
It is desirable to provide a hot and chilled water dispenser that is energy efficient. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a compact chilled and hot water dispenser apparatus that is an improvement, or at least a useful commercial alternative, to those already known.


An IC package is provided that has a flexible wiring sheet, including an upper portion, a lower portion and a side portion which is wound around a base member over an upper surface, side surfaces and a lower surface of the base member. An IC is loaded on an upper surface of the upper flexible wiring sheet covering the upper surface of the base member. The IC is connected to an electrode provided on an upper lead pattern portion laid along the upper surface of the flexible wiring sheet. The lead pattern is extended from the upper flexible wiring sheet to the lower flexible wiring sheet via the side surfaces of the flexible wiring sheet covering side surfaces of the base member. An electrode to be connected with an object is arranged on the lower lead pattern portion which is formed on the lower flexible wiring sheet, and overall the IC or an IC connection portion is sealed on the upper surface of the upper flexible wiring sheet.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a BGA type IC package and the like having a plurality of electrodes arranged on a lower surface thereof. More particularly, it relates to an IC package in which a high density arrangement of external terminals is realized with a small-sized simple structure in such a BGA type IC package and the like.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
A typical BGA type IC package includes hundreds of terminals. A group of such terminals is divided into a plurality of unit groups of terminals. The unit groups of terminals are pierced for connection through wiring layers composed of several laminations. The unit terminals are changed in position at the lead patterns provided on each layer. A plurality of external terminals are uniformly rearranged on a lower surface of the lowermost layer.
There are also known other types of conventional IC packages. They are a dual-in-package (DIP) and a quad flat package (QFP).
One type having a large number of IC terminals of finely-pitched arrangement is a tape automated bonding structure (TAB). In this type, an IC is loaded on a thin flat flexible wiring sheet and bonded, and the pitches are changed on the wiring sheet.
However, with the progress in IC technology, the degree of integration is remarkably enhanced, and with the increase in the number of the terminals and in the size of the IC, the package styles of the conventional DIP, QFP and TAB are required to be too large in size. Recently, there were proposed a quad flat non-lead (QFN), a ball grid array (BGA), and a chip size package (CSP) which are all intended to avoid increasing the size of the IC packages. Some of them are already put into actual use.
However, it is necessary for an IC package of this type to have an interposer for rearranging the terminals group of the IC. For example, the BGA type IC package requires three to eight wiring layers as the interposer, depending on the density of the terminals. Accordingly, the structure becomes complicated, a high degree of technique is required, and the cost is very high.
The present invention has been accomplished in view of the above.

IC package having a single wiring sheet with a lead pattern disposed thereon


An electrolyte for a lithium battery includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, lithium salts, and an additive compound of formula (1):

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electrolyte for a lithium battery and a lithium battery comprising the same, and more particularly, to an electrolyte for a lithium battery capable of improving overcharge inhibition properties and electrochemical characteristics, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same.
2. Description of the Related Art
The use of portable electronic instruments is increasing as a size of electronic equipment becomes smaller and a weight becomes lighter due to developments in high-tech electronic industries. Studies on lithium secondary batteries are actively being pursued in accordance with the increased need for a battery having a high energy density for use as a power source in these portable electronic instruments. Such a lithium secondary battery, having an average discharge potential of 3.7 V (i.e., a battery having substantially a 4 V average discharge potential) is considered to be an essential element in the digital generation since it is an indispensable energy source for portable digital devices such as cellular telephones, notebook computers, camcorders, and the like (i.e., the "3C" devices).
Also, there has been extensive research on batteries with effective safety characteristics, such as, for example, preventing overcharge. When a battery is overcharged, an excess of lithium ions is deposited on a positive electrode, and an excess of lithium ions is also inserted into a negative electrode, rendering the positive and negative electrodes thermally unstable. An eruptive explosion occurs from a decomposition of the electrolytic organic solvent, and the thermal runaway that occurs causes serious problems of battery safety.
To overcome the above problems, it has been suggested that an aromatic compound such as an oxidation-reduction additive agent ("redox shuttle") be added to the electrolyte. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,709,968 discloses a non-aqueous lithium ion secondary battery to prevent thermal runaway resulting from overcharge current by using a benzene compound such as 2,4-difluoroanisole. U.S. Pat. No. 5,879,834 discloses a method for improving battery safety by using a small amount of an aromatic compound such as biphenyl, 3-chlorothiophene, furan, and the like, which is polymerized electrochemically to increase the internal resistance of a battery during unusual overvoltage conditions. Such redox shuttle additives increase the temperature inside the battery quickly due to heat produced by the oxidation-reduction reaction, and close pores of a separator through quick and uniform fusion of the separator to inhibit an overcharge reaction. The polymerization reaction of these redox shuttle additives consumes the overcharge current to improve battery safety.
However, the polymerization of these redox shuttle additives cannot sufficiently eliminate the overcharge current. In addition, decomposition of the additives causes gas generation inside the battery, and thus a certain plane of the battery swells. Therefore, improvements in the safety of the battery are limited when using the redox shuttle additives, so that there is a need for research on electrolytes to prevent overcharge and to ensure safety.

Electrolyte for lithium battery and lithium battery comprising same

Abstract: where X is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, an alkoxy, a halogen, and an electron withdrawing group. The lithium battery having the electrolyte shows improved electrochemical properties, such as capacity at high rate and safety characteristics compared to a battery including the conventional non-aqueous electrolyte which does not include the additive compound.