A drill bit string has an internal steering module for measurement while drilling. A chassis is inserted into a modified drill collar from the axial end, rather than through the side. The chassis has external pockets machined into it from its outer diameter. The size of the longitudinally milled slots in the chassis is determined by the size of the components. The mud flow path is positioned off-center because of the component slots. The geometric shape of the flow path through the tool is shaped to optimize the flow area and maintain a wall thickness that can withstand the mud pressure. The wall thickness surrounding the flow area is proportional to the maximum hydrostatic pressure and the circulation pressure.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates in general to taking measurements while operating a tool downhole and, in particular, to an improved system method and apparatus for a downhole string of equipment having integrated measurement while operating components.
2. Description of the Related Art
Measurement while drilling (MWD) systems are used for monitoring the path of the wellbore as it is drilled, and for evaluation of the formation that surrounds the wellbore. The MWD tool comprises numerous sensors, electronic controlling boards, a power source, and a transmitter. These components are installed inside a pressure housing and typically centralized in the bore of a conventional non-magnetic drill collar. The drill collar is typically positioned on the top end of the mud motor. The mud motor rotates the drill bit at an offset angle so as to cause a deviation in the wellbore path. The orientation of this offset angle is monitored by the MWD tool, and the collected data is sent to the surface where it is displayed to the drilling crew. The crew uses this data to reorient the drill string as needed to control the wellbore path.
The presence of the MWD tool centralized in the drill collar, however, reduces the mud flow area and interrupts the flow pattern. This flow restriction created by MWD also minimizes the size and concentration of particulate that can be present in the drilling mud. These types of mud components or loss circulation materials (LCM) are used to control and reduce, for example, the loss of mud volume to the formation that is being penetrated and frictional drill string drag. Although known solutions are workable, it would be beneficial to perform measurement during operation without having a reduced flow area or compressed cross-section of the flow area through the downhole tool.

System, method and apparatus for downhole system having integrated measurement while operating components


Disclosed is a viewfinder utility. The viewfinder receives image information from a camera and displays it on a screen of the user's device. Also in the viewfinder's display are icons associated with applications that can accept image information from the camera. By selecting an icon, a user sends captured image information to the associated application. Because the initial user interaction is with the viewfinder rather than with the application itself, there is no confusion caused by disparate application user interfaces. The viewfinder can also prevent some “lost moments” because the viewfinder is ready to capture a fleeting image even before the application is fully up and running and ready to accept it. Finally, in some embodiments the user can concurrently select more than one icon and can thus send the same image information to more than one application.

Today, digital cameras are often no longer stand-alone devices but are, rather, features integrated into more general-purpose devices, such as laptop computers and smartphones. Users of these devices continue to use their on-board cameras to take photographs and videos, of course, but these users also run numerous applications and utilities that can accept as input images produced by the cameras. Generally speaking, each such application or utility presents its own user interface and its own special commands for working with images from the camera.


A user interface support apparatus for securing wireless computer peripherals (WCP) such as a keyboard and a pointing device is disclosed. The user interface support apparatus comprises a board comprising (i) a keyboard area on a top surface of the board and configured to secure a keyboard and (ii) a pointing device area on a top surface of the board. The user interface support apparatus also comprises a pointing device support structure secured to the pointing device area of the board and operable in a first mode or a second mode. In the first mode, the pointing device support structure in conjunction with the pointing device area of the board stores the pointing device. In the second mode, the pointing device support structure provides a planar surface on which to operate the pointing device.

The present disclosure relates to an interface portable lapdesk for organizing and securing of wireless computer peripherals.
With recent developments of display devices and network devices, a computer can be connected to a television (TV), allowing any tasks or operations performed online through the Internet to be viewed on a large TV screen. Additionally, an Internet TV is integrated with an internal computer and/or an internal wireless transceiver to connect to the Internet. The Internet TV allows for a user to view online contents on the large TV screen. The capability of the computer to connect to the TV and the Internet enables the user to experience the Internet TV. For example, the user can browse the Internet and view online contents from a third party hosting site in a living room while lying on a sofa.
For the user to fully utilize and experience the Internet TV, it is useful to have wireless computer peripherals (WCPs) interfacing with the Internet TV. The WCPs are wireless input and output devices for the computer such as a wireless keyboard, mouse, track ball, joy stick, camera, microphone, printer, speaker, and etc. By using the WCPs, the user can conveniently perform operations on the Internet TV without wires that limit the user's mobility and cause inconvenience to the user.

Computer user interface support apparatus


The present invention provides a platform door device in which two movable fences 33, which are provided along the side edge 30a of a station platform 30 for getting on and off a car and each supported movably by a support member 32, move relative to each other in the longitudinal direction of the platform 30 to open and close a passage between the platform side and the car side, wherein the platform door device is configured so that the two support members 32 are erected on the platform 30 and are housed in the two movable fences 33; the two support members 32 are housed in the two movable fences 33; and each of the support members 32 is arranged in a plane in the thickness direction of each of the movable fences 33 so as to be covered with the movable fence 33, by which the movable fence 33 can be moved relatively between the inner surface thereof and the outer surface of the support member 32.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a platform door device applied to a station platform etc. More particularly, it relates to a platform door device in which two movable fences, which are provided along the side edge of a station platform for railroad cars and each supported movably by a support member, move relative to each other in the car running direction on the platform to open and close a passage between the platform side and the car side.
2. Description of Related Art
Among station platforms for railroad cars, the number of platforms each equipped with a platform door device provided with a movable fence has increased to prevent accidents such as passengers falling onto the railway tracks, or passengers coming into contact with a car. Such a platform door device is usually constructed so that two movable fences provided along the side edge of the platform are supported movably by support members, and the two movable fences move relative to each other in the car running direction to open and close a passage between the platform side and the car side.
FIGS. 7 to 9 show a platform door device disclosed in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Provisional Publication No. 2004-131008). FIG. 7 is a general perspective view, FIG. 8 is a side view of a principal portion, showing one side of a movable fence, and FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along the line X-X of FIG. 8.
In FIGS. 7 to 9, reference numeral 1 denotes a platform door, in which two movable fences 5 are supported so as to be slidable in the direction indicated by arrows in FIG. 7 in such a manner as to overlap with each other in the longitudinal direction (the direction perpendicular to a side edge 3 of a platform 2, namely, the direction perpendicular to the car running direction) of a fence member 4 erected at the side edge 3 of the platform 2. The movable fence 5 goes in and out through a gateway 7 formed in each side surface portion 6 of the fence member 4.
As shown in FIG. 8, the movable fence 5 is rotatably provided with two guide roller members 10 on the upper and lower sides, and two guide rails 11 are fixed to the upper and lower sides of the fence member 4. By the rolling motion of the roller members 10 along the guide rails 11, the two movable fences 5 can be moved smoothly in a reciprocating manner with respect to the fence member 4.
Also, the fence member 4 is provided with drive motors 12, and a pinion 13 is provided on the output shaft of each of the drive motors 12. On the other hand, in a central portion in the height direction of the movable fence 5, a rack 14 engaging with the pinion 13 is provided in parallel with the guide rails 11. Therefore, when the drive motor 12 is rotated, the movable fence 5 is moved in a reciprocating manner as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 7 by the engagement of the pinion 13 with the rack 14.
Also, as shown in FIG. 9, within the fence member 4, two support plates 20 and 21 erected on the platform 3 are arranged. On the side surfaces of the support plates 20 and 21, the drive motor 12 is installed.
Further, the fence member 4 is provided with a cover 22, one end portion of which is fixed at the upper end of the support plate 21. The whole of the support plates 20 and 21 and the movable fences 5 that go into and out of the fence member 4 is covered with the cover 22 so that a relatively moving portion between the support plates 20 and 21 and the movable fences 5 is not exposed to the outside, and dust etc. is prevented from entering into the relatively moving portion from the outside. The gateways 7 are open in side surface portions 6 of the cover 22 so that the movable fences 5 go in and out through the gateways 7.
The above-described conventional platform door device has problems as described below.
In the above-described related art, the platform door device has a construction such that the fence member 4 is erected along the side edge 3 of the platform 2; the movable fences 5 are arranged in parallel with each other in the side portions of the two support plates 20 and 21; the roller members 10, the drive motors 12, and the like are arranged between the support plates 20 and 21 and the movable fences 5; and further the elements within the fence member 4 are covered with the cover 22. Therefore, the thickness of the fence member 4, namely, a width W0 (refer to FIG. 9) in the direction perpendicular to the side edge 3 of the platform 2 increases undesirably.
Thereupon, in the above-described related art, the increase in the thickness W0 of the fence member 4 obstructs the space along the side edge 3 of the platform 2, and hence hinders passengers and other people from passing. Also, on a platform 2 with a narrow width, the platform door device having the above-described construction cannot be adopted.


A cost-effective, producible improved apparatus for and method of fabricag a transducer acoustic window for a marine environment has acceptable acoustic energy transmitting properties and appropriate mechanical properties to withstand the rigors associated with varying velocities of flowing water, fluctuating temperatures, changing ambient pressures, the abuse attendant operations, etc., that are routinely encountered during a prolonged deployment. The acoustic window has a cast CONAP 1556 polyurethane window portion that extends over a hull opening and on a bearing surface rim about the opening. A number of equidistantly, circumferentially spaced stainless steel inserts are molded in the cast polyurethane window portion. Each of the inserts has a threaded outer surface, a machined flat, a longitudinal slot and a countersunk unthreaded bore and each threaded outer surface, machined flat and longitudinal slot mechanically engage the cast polyurethane window portion in an adhering and bonding relationship. A separate mounting bolt is inserted through each countersunk unthreaded bore and tightened in mating threads provided in the bearing surface rim. This secures the acoustic window portion on the hull with reduced stresses and strains and assures a strong, durable conforming structure while reducing the possibility of damage to the acoustic window portion.

Over the years a considerable number of undersea transducer designs have evolved and, although their applications and configurations have varied, all seem to rely on some sort of an acoustic window that functions as a covering or separation that, at least, partially protects the transducer from the harsh marine environment. The acoustic window should be a cost-effective, producible design that is capable of acceptably transmitting acoustic energy while being rugged enough to withstand the rigors associated with varying velocities of flowing water, fluctuating temperatures, changing ambient pressures, the abuse attendant operations, etc., that are routinely encountered during a prolonged deployment.
One acoustic window design/method used a dacron fabric reinforced modified syntactic epoxy prepregnated material. The method of manufacture for the window design/method involves a costly pressure/autoclave process requiring a relatively long production time. There is some conjecture that the original acoustic window design is stiff and does not conform easily to the slight contour of the mounting plate form and is sometimes damaged during installation. The window material, near the outer perimeter was provided with twelve countersunk clearance holes for the mounting bolts to be inserted therethrough. When excess torque is applied to any of the mounting bolts, the adjacent window material can be over stressed which might compromise the acoustic properties or the mechanical integrity.
Thus, there is a continuing need in the state of the art to provide a cost effective acoustic window having acceptable acoustical and mechanical properties over a wide range of operational conditions.

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


Aspects of the present disclosure disclose apparatuses, systems, and methods for providing an electromagnetic wave from one layer of a photonic circuit structure to another layer of the photonic circuit structure in at least one of the x-direction, the y-direction, and the z-direction. In so doing, aspects of the present disclosure enable the fabrication and use of multi-dimensional photonic circuit structures, and thus improve the capacity, power, weight, size, and/or cost of the circuits implemented by such multi-dimensional photonic circuit structures.

As the use of circuits across all industries continues to increase, efforts continue to look for ways to reduce the cost, size/footprint, weight, and/or power of such circuits while increasing their speed and/or capacity. To that end, 3-Dimensional (3D) electronic circuits have been developed. 3-D circuits use multiple stacked planar structures to reduce the footprint of the circuitry, where planar structures in the stack include electrical circuit(s), and electrical signals are coupled from one planar structure to the next. Such 3-D electrical circuits, however, tend to be slow and consume a lot of power, and thus put off a lot of heat.
Photonic circuits transfer data among computer chips via laser light, and thus carry significantly more data than the corresponding electrical circuits, and thus provide a faster and lower power alternative, e.g., by an order of magnitude, to electrical circuits. Further, due to improvements to silicon fabrication techniques, e.g., the use of silicon foundry manufacturing for wafer-scale fabrication, the cost of photonic chips is now inversely proportional to the circuit density. These factors make 3D photonic circuits an increasingly interesting option, resulting in the expectation that the market for photonic circuits will grow 1000% over the next five years. However, controlling the movement of light in such 3D photonic circuits, e.g., in the z-direction, is very difficult. As such, there remains a need for improvements in 3D photonic technologies.

Multidimensional optical waveguide in planar dielectric structures


A device for compressing an extremity of a user includes a wearable support member operable to be worn on the extremity of the user. The device also includes a plurality of chamber members that are arranged across and coupled to the support member. The chamber members each have a respective chamber therein. The chamber is at least partially defined by a base wall that is disposed adjacent the support member, a side wall that is attached to and that extends away from the base wall, and a top wall that is attached to the side wall and that is spaced away from the base wall. Furthermore, a foot pump member is operable to be disposed underneath a foot of the user. The foot pump member is operable to change a pressure inside the chambers as a result of being stepped upon by the user.

Typically, oxygenated blood flows from the heart into the legs and other extremities to feed the muscles and promote healthy muscle function. After delivering oxygen and other nutrients to the muscles, deoxygenated blood removes waste products, such as carbon dioxide, from the muscles in preparation for another cycle of muscle contractions.
Blood can flow from the extremities (e.g., legs and arms) back to the heart against the natural pull of gravity. Accordingly, a venous pump system can facilitate blood flow from the extremities back to the heart against gravity. A natural venous pump in the legs includes a series of valves and smooth muscle lining the blood vessels that propel blood towards the heart and inhibit backflow of the blood.
Under normal conditions, the venous pump system of the extremities returns blood to the heart in an efficient fashion. However, certain conditions (e.g., during exercise, post-trauma, surgery, other medical conditions, etc.) can cause the blood to flow less efficiently through the extremities and/or cause the muscles to require more oxygen and increased waste removal than can be supported by the body's natural circulation.
Certain devices and techniques have been proposed for improving circulation through the extremities. For instance, external devices can be used to increase circulation by cyclically compressing and releasing the extremity. For example, compression wraps having fluid-filled bladders can cyclically apply and release pressure. The bladders are cyclically inflated and deflated with use of an electric pump, etc. Other examples include systems in which discrete, fluid-filled bladders having a constant pressure are placed in various locations around a wrap or brace such that they are situated between portions of the wrap or brace and a wearer's skin to increase comfort and stability during use.


A system, method, and computer readable medium containing computer readable instructions for displaying pop-up accelerator key symbols that indicate accelerator keys that may be activated by a user to select a user selectable portion in a graphical user interface to initiate an option corresponding to the user selectable portion. When a user holds down the xe2x80x9cALTxe2x80x9d key, the pop-up display includes a letter, number or other symbol that, when depressed (alone or with the xe2x80x9cALTxe2x80x9d key), functions to select an option. Pop-up symbols may also be provided for selecting a group of icons and presenting symbols for each group of icons when a user selects the group symbol corresponding to that group of icons.

This invention relates to a system and method for displaying pop-up symbols to enable users to select accelerator keys associated with computer software options.
Computer software applications continue to add more options that users may implement in that software application. With more options available to the user, it becomes increasingly difficult to devise ways to enable users to easily and efficiently implement these options. Some applications include pull-down menus that display various options and even sub-options. In these applications, for a user to select and implement an option, a user uses a mouse (or other input device) to select a menu heading (e.g., xe2x80x9cFilexe2x80x9d), and then may select an option from the menu heading (e.g., xe2x80x9cSavexe2x80x9d) and any sub-option (e.g., xe2x80x9cSave as New Documentxe2x80x9d or xe2x80x9cSave as New Versionxe2x80x9d) within that option.
Existing systems also provide certain short-cuts to speed the selection of certain options without accessing pull-down menus. In at least some existing software applications, there are at least two types of short-cuts by which a user can select an option: (1) option icons that correspond to selectable options, and (2) accelerator keys.
Option icons are generally graphical xe2x80x9cbuttonsxe2x80x9d that represent an option For example, a common icon is a print icon. By selecting this icon, a document (or other item) may be printed. Option icons can also correspond to format options, file folders, tasks or a variety of other known options.
Accelerator keys are usually a combination of keys (e.g., ALT-P) that when simultaneously depressed, implement an option (e.g., printing). In some cases, a single key (e.g., F7) can be an accelerator key. In some applications, when the user clicks on a menu heading, a listing of selectable options, along with a keyboard combination shortcut (ALT-S) is shown to correspond to the selectable options. The user may then select that option by using the keyboard combination shown for that selectable option.
Option icons and accelerator keys provide certain advantages. However, there are also drawbacks associated with each. One drawback associated with option icons is that they require a user to manipulate a mouse (or other input device) to point to and click on the desired icon. This usually requires the user to remove at least one hand from the keyboard. Some users find that this decreases productivity.
Accelerator keys avoid the need for users to remove their hands from a keyboard. However, a user must typically memorize the accelerator key combination associated with each option or the user must check a user manual, on-line help, a pull-down menu, or other reference source to determine the key combinations for a particular option.
Another drawback with existing accelerator key systems is that the assignment of these key combinations is limited. Typically, each key combination is designated to represent a single option at a time. The user may change the assignment of the key combination to represent another option, but the key combination can not serve to simultaneously represent multiple options. For example, xe2x80x9cALT-F,xe2x80x9d may represent the xe2x80x9cOpen File Menuxe2x80x9d option; or reassign xe2x80x9cALT-Fxe2x80x9d to correspond to a xe2x80x9cFAXxe2x80x9d option; but the keys xe2x80x9cALT-Fxe2x80x9d cannot operate both xe2x80x9cOpen File Menuxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cFAX.xe2x80x9d
Some existing systems arrange option icons in groups (e.g., tool bars). Further, in some systems, when a user points to an icon (e.g., by moving a cursor over the icon), an indicator is provided to identify the option to which the icon corresponds. This is sometimes known as xe2x80x9cbubble help.xe2x80x9d A limitation associated with bubble help is that the user must typically move a mouse over the icon to activate bubble help for that particular icon. Thus, bubble help is provided for only one icon at a time. Another drawback is that the user must remove at least one hand from a keyboard to move a cursor over the icon.
Other drawbacks also exist with known systems.
One object of the invention is to overcome these and other drawbacks of known systems.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system, method, and computer readable medium that enables a user to cause the computer to display pop-up accelerator key symbols associated with and next to option icons and that represent keys that may be selectable by the user through use of a keyboard or other input devices to implement the option with which the symbol is associated.
Another object of the invention is to provide a system, method, and computer readable medium that enables a user to select options by using accelerator keys without requiring memorization or requiring the user to manually check a reference guide.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system, method, and computer readable medium that facilitates simultaneous display of multiple accelerator key symbols that correspond to two or more groups of selectable options.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a system, method, and computer readable medium for enabling display of multiple levels of accelerator key symbols.
Another object of the invention is to provide a system, method and computer readable medium that enables context-sensitive assignment of accelerator key combinations to enable the same key or key combination to represent different options in different contexts.
These and other objects of the invention are carried out according to various embodiments of the invention. One embodiment comprises a system, method, and computer readable medium containing computer readable instructions for displaying pop-up accelerator key symbols that indicate accelerator keys that may be activated by a user to select a user selectable portion in a graphical user interface (GUI) to initiate an option corresponding to the user selectable portion. For example, when a user holds down the xe2x80x9cALTxe2x80x9d key, the pop-up display includes a letter, number or other symbol next to each icon in one or more icon groups. The letter, number or symbol corresponds to an input of an input device that, when depressed (alone or with the xe2x80x9cALTxe2x80x9d key), functions to select the option the icon represents.
For example, assume a tool bar contains five icons, each corresponding to an icon in the GUI that corresponds to a computer software option. If a user depresses the ALT key, the display may pop-up a number (or other symbol) for each icon, wherein the number or other symbol corresponds to an accelerator key combination that may be used to select the option associated with that icon. For example, the numbers 1-5 may be assigned to the five icons, respectively. Thus, in this example, ALT-1 may cause the option associated with the first icon to be implemented, and so on.
According to another aspect of the invention, upon activation of a key, the display may simultaneously indicate symbols for a plurality of groups of icons. For example, a display may comprise a first tool bar and a second tool bar (or other group of icons). When the ALT key is selected, the system may display a symbol corresponding to the accelerator key for each icon of each group. One advantage of this aspect of the invention is that it does not require the user to use a mouse, memorize accelerator key combinations or manually look up accelerator key combinations to implement an option.
According to another embodiment, the display may indicate a first symbol for a first group of icons and a second symbol for second group of icons. The user may then select one of the symbols. In response, the system may display accelerator key symbols for each icon of the selected group. Multiple levels of groupings (more than two) may also be selected in this level.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from the detailed description and drawings set forth herein.

System and method for displaying pop-up symbols for indicating accelerator keys for implementing computer software options

International Business Machines Corporation


Devices, systems, and methods for ion trapping with integrated electromagnets are described herein. One device includes a plurality of electrodes configured to trap an ion above a surface of the device, a medial coil and a plurality of peripheral coils, each positioned at a respective radial angle associated with the medial coil, wherein the medial coil is configured to generate a first magnetic field having a first orientation, and wherein the peripheral coils are configured to generate a second magnetic field having a second orientation that opposes the first orientation.

An ion trap can use a combination of electrical and magnetic fields to capture one or more ions in a potential well. Ions can be trapped for a number of purposes, which may include mass spectrometry, research, and/or controlling quantum states, for example.
Previous approaches to ion trapping may include magnets that are distanced from a surface of the trap, for instance. Because the behavior of ions in a trap can be a sensitive function of the local magnetic field around the ion(s), previous approaches may lack precision. In some instances, local variations in the magnetic field may exist in a region where uniformity is desired. In other instances, uniformity of the magnetic field may be present where local variations are desired.

Ion trapping with integrated electromagnets


A tire inflation pressure sensing apparatus includes a transmitter on a wheel of a vehicle and a receiver on a body of the vehicle. The transmitter includes a pressure sensor working to generate a pressure signal and a charging unit configured to be charged with electrical power via a radio wave from the receiver. The receiver performs a “packet charge” for the charging unit of the transmitter, during which operation of the receiver is changed alternately between an ON-mode and an OFF-mode. When the receiver receives in the OFF-mode an informing signal from the transmitter, it stops the packet charge to receive the pressure signal sent out from the transmitter following the informing signal. The transmitter starts, when the electrical power charged in the charging unit has increased to a predetermined level, to repeatedly send out the informing signal a plurality of times, and then sends out the pressure signal.

1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to tire inflation pressure sensing apparatuses or sensors. More particularly, the invention relates to a direct-type tire inflation pressure sensing apparatus in which a transmitter is supplied with electrical power by a transponder method.
2. Description of the Related Art
Conventional direct-type tire inflation pressure sensing apparatuses generally include a transmitter and a receiver. (For example, Japanese Patent No. 3212311, an English equivalent of which is U.S. Pat. No. 5,602,524, discloses such an apparatus.)
The transmitter is directly installed to a wheel of a vehicle and includes a pressure sensor working to sense an inflation pressure of a tire mounted on the wheel. The transmitter is configured to send out a pressure signal representative of the inflation pressure of the tire sensed by the pressure sensor.
The receiver is installed to the body of the vehicle and includes an antenna. The receiver is configured to receive the pressure signal from the transmitter through the antenna and determine the inflation pressure of the tire based on the received pressure signal.
In the above arrangement, the transmitter is generally supplied with electrical power by a battery provided on the wheel of the vehicle. On the other hand, investigations have recently been made to supply electrical power to the transmitter by a transponder method.
According to the transponder method, the receiver works to send out through the antenna thereof a radio wave for electrical power charge toward the transmitter, thereby charging a charging unit of the transmitter with electrical power. When the charging unit of the transmitter is completely charged with electrical power, the transmitter is then activated by the charged electrical power and works to send out the pressure signal toward the receiver.
Such a transponder method is generally used in the field of wireless ID cards. The application of the method to direct-type tire inflation pressure sensing apparatuses provides an advantage of supplying electrical power to the transmitter without any battery provided on the wheel.
In a direct type tire inflation pressure sensing apparatus based on the transponder method, the receiver generally has high sensitivity, and thus can accurately recognize a signal received thereby even when the signal has low level. Accordingly, the receiver can receive and accurately recognize the pressure signal sent out from the transmitter regardless of the angular potion of the transmitter that rotates together with the wheel.
On the other hand, the radio wave for electrical power charge received by the transmitter is required to have a high level so as to be able to charge the charging unit of the transmitter with electrical power.
However, when the transmitter rotates together with the wheel, it is impossible for the transmitter to receive the radio wave for electrical power charge with high level at any angular position thereof.
Especially, when the maximum level of the radio wave sent out from the receiver is restricted under regulations, a possible range of angular position of the transmitter for charge, within which the level of the radio wave for electrical power charge received by the transmitter is above a necessary level for charging the charging unit with electrical power, is very small when the transmitter rotates together with the wheel.
FIGS. 6A–6B illustrates the position of the transmitter relative to the antenna of the receiver. In the figures, the antenna J1 of the receiver is installed to a fender J2 of the vehicle body such that a vertical centerline C—C of the wheel J3 passes through the antenna J1.
In this case, according to the results of an experimental investigation, the possible range of angular position of the transmitter for charge (to be referred to as possible range for charge hereinafter) may be defined as the angular range A-O-B of about 90°, which spreads out from the shaft of the wheel J3 and is symmetrical with respect to the vertical centerline C—C.
In other words, when the transmitter J4 is within the above angular range A-O-B, the transmitter J4 receives the radio wave for electrical power charge from the antenna J1 with high level, so that the charging unit of the transmitter J4 can be charged with electrical power.
Moreover, when the radio wave for electrical power charge sent out from the receiver and the pressure signal sent out from the transmitter J4 have frequencies within the same frequency band, it is very difficult for the receiver to send out the radio wave while receiving the pressure signal and demodulating the received pressure signal. In other words, even if the receiver can receive the pressure signal from the transmitter J4 while sending out the radio wave, the level of the pressure signal received by the receiver is so low that the receiver cannot demodulate the received pressure signal.
Thus, it is necessary for the transmitter J4 to be triggered to send out the pressure signal when the receiver stops sending out the radio wave for electrical power charge, so that transmissions of the radio wave for electrical power charge and the pressure signal can be prevented from being made simultaneously.
However, it is very difficult for the receiver to determine whether the transmitter J4 rotates in the possible range for charge. Also, it is very difficult for the transmitter J4 to determine when the receiver stops sending out the radio wave for electrical power charge.
Accordingly, reliable transmissions of the radio wave for electrical power charge and the pressure signal between the receiver and the transmitter J4 are very difficult to be realized.
Further, when the vehicle is running, the position of the antenna J1 of the receiver relative to the shaft of the wheel J3 varies depending on the road condition and vibrations. Furthermore, different antennas J1 may have different performance characteristics depending on the manufacturing conditions.
Accordingly, it is very difficult to preset a necessary charging time for completely charging the charging unit of the transmitter with electrical power.

Tire inflation pressure sensing apparatus based on transponder method


A protection system for a scroll machine provides temperature, mis-wiring and vibrational protection for the scroll machine. The vibrational protection comprises a vibration sensor which is integrated on the circuit board of the protection system. The vibration sensor, in conjunction with at least one timer, monitors the vibrations of the scroll machine and will shut down the machine when excess vibrations are sensed over a prespecified period of time. The temperature system monitors operating temperature conditions and the mis-wiring system monitors the power supplied to the compressor. Once an undesirable characteristic is identified, the operation of the scroll machine is stopped. These protection systems are integrated into a single module which identifies the reason of shutting off the scroll machine in order to simplify repairs needed.

Scroll type machines are becoming more and more popular for use as compressors in both refrigeration as well as air conditioning applications due primarily to their capability of extremely efficient operation. Generally, these machines incorporate a pair of intermeshed spiral wraps, one of which is caused to orbit relative to the other so as to define one or more moving chambers which progressively decrease in size as the travel from an outer suction port toward a center discharge port. The means for causing the orbiting of one of the scroll members is in many cases an electrical motor. The electric motor operates to drive the one scroll member via a suitable drive shaft affixed to the motor rotor. In a hermetic compressor, the bottom of the hermetic shell normally contains an oil sump for lubricating and cooling purposes.
Scroll compressors depend upon a number of seals to be created to define the moving or successive chambers. One type of seal which must be created are the seals between opposed flank surfaces of the wraps. These flank seals are created adjacent to the outer suction port and travel radially inward along the flank surface due to the orbiting movement of one scroll with respect to the other scroll. Additionally sealing is required between the end plate of one scroll member and the tip of the wrap of the other scroll member. Because scroll compressors depend upon the seals between flank surfaces of the wraps and the seals between the end plates and opposing wrap tips, suction and discharge valves are generally not required.
While the prior art scroll machines are designed to run trouble free for the life of the scroll machine, it is still necessary to monitor the operation of the compressor and discontinue its operation when specific criteria have been exceeded. Typical operational characteristics which are monitored include the discharge temperature of the compressed refrigerant, the temperature of the motor windings, three-phase reverse rotational protection, three-phase missing phase/single phase protection and an anti-short cycle. The monitoring of these characteristics and the methods and devices for monitoring these characteristics have been the subject of numerous patents.
Recently, it has been found that by monitoring the vibrational characteristics of the scroll machine, it is possible to predict problems with a scroll machine before these problems result in a failure to the entire system. For instance, in a refrigeration or air conditioning system which incorporates numerous scroll machines, the abnormal vibration of one of the scroll machines can result in a fracture of the refrigeration tube associated with that individual scroll machine. The fracture of this tube will result in a total loss of the system refrigerant, possible damage to property, expensive repairs and in some cases could be hazardous. Accordingly, what is needed is a device which is capable of independently monitoring the vibrational characteristics of an individual scroll machine.
The present invention provides the art with a vibration sensing system which is incorporated into a more comprehensive compressor protection module which monitors all of the various operating characteristics of the compressor. The vibration sensing system will open the control circuit and stop compressor operation when the signal from a vibration sensor of the system exceed a preset limit for an accumulated time period.


What is claimed is: a loose cosmetic powder, comprising: a base component including particles that include one or more of talc, mica, zinc stearate, boron nitride, and one or more pigments; and color bits, wherein the loose cosmetic powder displays a color change when subjected to an application of pressure.

Women have been employing skin foundations to achieve a lightening effect since at least Greek and Roman times. Ancient Greek women used white lead powder and chalk to lighten facial features. Ancient Greek women also applied crushed mulberries or red beet liquid to their cheeks as a blush or rouge. Ancient Egyptian and Indian women accentuated their eyes with kohl, which was made of burnt almonds, crushed antimony, copper, ash, ochre, malachite and chryscolla. Ancient Greek women employed powders from lapis lazuli and malachite to accentuate their eyes.
The first modern, commercially successful foundation powder was PAN CAKE, developed by Max Factor in the 1930's. This powder used talc and was applied to skin with a wet sponge.


A vehicular automatic transmission for establishing a plurality of forward gear stages, includes: a transmission case; an input shaft; a transmission mechanism connected to the input shaft and including a plurality of transmission elements; an output shaft connected to the transmission mechanism; first and second clutches at opposite ends of the transmission mechanism and drivably connecting the input shaft with at least one of the transmission elements; and first and second hydraulic servos for applying the first and second clutches responsive to feed of an oil pressure. The transmission case encloses the transmission mechanism, the clutches and the hydraulic servos, and includes axial end walls forming cylinders for the hydraulic servos. First and second bearings are arranged between the pistons of the hydraulic servos and the first and second clutches, respectively, for allowing the relative rotation between the pistons and the clutches and for transmitting the thrust forces from the pistons to the respective clutches.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an automatic transmission for a vehicle and, more particularly, to an automatic transmission having a clutch operated by a hydraulic servo with a stationary type cylinder for shifting gear stages.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Generally in automatic transmissions for vehicles, at least two clutches are required for engaging and disengaging rotary members to shift gear stages, irrespective of the structure of the gear train in the transmission. In the prior art, the automatic transmission clutches are a wet type multiple disk clutch, in which both the clutch hub and the clutch drum supporting the friction plate portions are fixed to rotary members. It is customary that the hydraulic servo for bringing the friction plate portion into engagement be integrated with the clutch drum. This structure (called the "clutch drum type") has a cylinder formed in the rotating clutch drum, with a piston slidable in the cylinder to define an oil chamber. The clutch of this structure is exemplified by Japanese Patent Laid Open No. 52249/1987.
In contrast to the prior art clutches in automatic transmissions, wet type multiple disk brakes in prior art automatic transmissions have stationary reaction elements mounted on the transmission case or the like.
It is desirable to reduce the size of automatic transmissions and particularly the rotating members. However, the clutch drum type structure, as described above, limits the ability to reduce the size of the transmission because the rotary members must accommodate the cylinders of the hydraulic servos. This, and the requirement for at least two clutches for establishing a plurality of forward gear stages, prevent size reduction of the automatic transmission.
The rotary members in an automatic transmission undergo a change in rotational speed during a shift operation. Forces from inertia (inertia torque) produced by the rotational speed change and the weight of the rotary members result in fluctuations of the output shaft torque to cause shift shocks. In automatic transmissions employing clutches of the clutch drum type in which the hydraulic servos are contained in the rotary members, the weight of the rotary members is increased by the hydraulic servos to increase the inertia torque, thus increasing the severity of shift shocks.
Additionally, the prior art hydraulic servo of the clutch drum type produces a centrifugal oil pressure by centrifugal force acting upon the oil in the servo cylinder. This centrifugal oil pressure adds to the oil pressure from the hydraulic control system on the piston so that the oil pressure characteristics are changed during the shift operation by the raised oil pressure. Specifically, the centrifugal oil pressure acts to accelerate the release of the clutches being released and to quicken the engagement of clutches being engaged during the shift operation. For these reasons, the prior art includes an oil chamber for offsetting the centrifugal oil pressure as exemplified in Japanese Patent Laid Open No. 52249/1987. However, this provision of the centrifugal oil pressure offsetting chamber tends to further increase shift shocks because of an increase in the weight of the rotary members. Further the provision of the centrifugal oil pressure offsetting chamber enlarges the size of the system.
In the case of the hydraulic servo of the clutch drum type of the prior art, the inside of the rotating cylinder is fed with an oil pressure from a stationary member such as a transmission case so that a seal member is required for preventing oil leakage from between the relatively rotating portions of the cylinder and the stationary member. However, the seal member establishes a dragging loss to lower the transmission efficiency of the automatic transmission.
In order to eliminate such sliding resistance and to thereby prevent generation of excessive centrifugal oil pressure, therefore, it is effective to provide a stationary servo cylinder, separate from the clutch drum, so that only the servo forces are applied to the engagement element. When this design is adopted, the cylinder is fixed to structure which does not rotate, such as the transmission case. If the cylinder is formed in the transmission case, the overall structure can be made more compact because it requires neither an additional stationary member nor a separate cylinder wall member.
In an automatic transmission, however, two or three sets of clutches are usually required for the speed change mechanism. Even in the case of a speed change mechanism requiring only two sets of clutches, these two clutches are not always arranged at the end portions of the speed change mechanism. Despite the aforementioned advantage, however, there has never been realized, in actual practice, an automatic transmission structure in which the hydraulic servos of the clutches are of the stationary cylinder type formed in the transmission case. Moreover, when the hydraulic servos of the clutches are of the stationary cylinder type, their oil pressures are not balanced in the clutch drum, thereby creating another problem in that a reaction force receiving structure is required for bearing the hydraulic servo forces.
However, clutch servos having their cylinders formed in the two end walls of the case have been used in the prior art in a torque distribution mechanism, i.e. the differential unit of a vehicle, which requires that the clutches be disposed in the final output unit of the mechanism and be arranged symmetrically with respect to the case. These clutches are exemplified by those disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open ("Kokai") No. 248721/1990 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open ("Kokai") No. 241287/1994.
The reaction force receiving structure in the torque distributing mechanism of Kokai No. 248721/1990 is disposed at the inner circumferential side of the cylinder and uses a bearing so as to restore the hydraulic servo force at the same case end wall in which the servo cylinder is formed. In this arrangement, the cylinder and the bearing are radially overlapped to limit the diameter of the cylinder and to thereby allow a larger hydraulic servo diameter. On the other hand, Kokai No. 24128/1994 discloses reaction receiving structure in which a step portion is formed radially outward of the clutch drum and in which the bearing is arranged between the step portion and the inner circumference of the case, so that the hydraulic servo force may be transmitted to and borne by the case. In this latter design, although the bearing is radially enlarged, it can give satisfactory service when the rotation is at a relatively low circumferential speed, equal to that of the rotation of the axle, as in the case of the clutch of the differential unit. If, however, this latter design is applied to structure rotating at a relatively high speed, e.g. structure transmitting the engine rotation substantially as is, as in the clutch for connecting the input shaft of the automatic transmission and the speed change mechanism, the circumferential speed of the bearing is so high that large-sized bearings with matching load capacity must be used to provide the required durability. Thus, this latter design cannot be adopted consistent with the objective of a compact transmission. So long as the concept of the prior art for receiving the hydraulic servo force in the vicinity of the hydraulic servos is thus followed, it is impossible to realize effective support for bearing the force of the hydraulic servo in an automatic transmission.


A method of exchanging channel quality information between a base station and a user equipment in a mobile communication system is disclosed. A method of transmitting channel quality information in a mobile communication system which transmits channel quality information from a user equipment to a base station comprises transmitting channel quality information, which is measured based on a signal received from the base station, to the base station, receiving feedback information of the channel quality information from the base station, and transmitting difference information to the base station, the difference information for matching the channel quality information transmitted from the user equipment with channel quality information received by the base station based on the feedback information.

In a mobile communication system, a user equipment (UE) measures quality of a downlink channel using signals received from a base station and transmits channel quality information to the base station. The base station performs downlink scheduling depending on channel quality information received from at least one or more user equipments. Examples of the channel quality information include a channel quality indicator (CQI), a signal to noise ratio (SNR), a carrier to interference and noise ratio (CINR), a bit error rate (BER), and a frame error rate (FER), etc. The channel quality information is transmitted to the base station through an uplink control channel. The downlink scheduling is to allow the base station to allocate limited radio resources such as codes, frequencies, and time to user equipments, and is based on channel quality information received from each of the user equipments.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a method of measuring and transmitting channel quality information in a mobile communication system. Referring to FIG. 1, a user equipment (UE) 12 measures channel quality by using signals transmitted on a downlink channel from a base station 11 (101). The user equipment 12 reports the measured value to the base station 11 (102). At this time, the measured channel quality may be transmitted using quantized CQI information, for example. Alternatively, the measured channel quality may be transmitted as a carrier to interference and noise ratio (CINR) value. The base station 11 performs scheduling such as user equipment selection and radio resource allocation by using the received CQI information.
Conventionally, 'CQI' means an indicator that indicates each rank when channel quality is quantized and subdivided for each rank. However; 'CQI' may herein be used to indicate general channel quality information which includes 'channel quality rank indicator.'
Related art associated with various methods for transmitting channel quality information depending on types of a mobile communication system are disclosed. One of them is a method which allows a user equipment to transmit a part of information such as differential information periodically or non-periodically without transmitting all of channel quality information, thereby reducing the amount of physical channel control information. This method is to allow the user equipment to transmit whole channel quality information if necessary. At this time, partial channel quality information may be transmitted to a physical control channel by a method such as differential modulation (DM).
According to the related art method for transmitting channel quality information, when a user equipment transmits channel quality information to a base station, there may be some risk in that the base station may receive incorrect channel quality information having error during transmission due to some factors such as an unexpected change of a channel status. If the base station receives incorrect channel quality information and performs downlink scheduling based on the incorrect channel quality information, limited radio resources cannot be distributed efficiently. This adversely affects throughput of the whole system.
Meanwhile, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system divides a data stream having a high data transmission rate into a plurality of data streams having a slow data transmission rate, and transmits the data streams using a plurality of carriers corresponding to the divided data streams. In other words, since the respective carriers which are referred to as sub-carriers have orthogonality to one another, a receiving party can independently detect the data streams transmitted through the respective carriers.
In a system which performs communication using a plurality of frequencies like the aforementioned OFDM system, if only one CQI corresponding to the whole band is reported, channel quality status of some frequency band (frequency band divided for acquisition of CQI) constituting the whole band cannot be predicted exactly. For this reason, scheduling using CQI cannot be performed for each frequency band constituting the whole band. As a result, a problem occurs in that communication cannot be performed efficiently.

Method of transmitting channel quality information in mobile communication system


A golf ball retrieving device to withdraw a golf ball from a water hole providing an extensible reach and an expandable cage to receive a golf ball for recovery by the operator, the cage having inwardly angled end forming pockets to receive and securely hold a ball and having a self holding member for operating the expansion and retraction of the cage.

1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to an extensible handled tool for the convenient recovery of a golf ball from a water hazard on a golf course.
2. Description of the Previous Art
Known in the prior art are various handled devices for the retrieval of a golf ball from a water hazard on a golf course.
The inventor hereof has a prior issued U.S. Pat. No. 4,974,994 over which the present structure herein represents some significant changes.
Indicative of the other prior art is U.S. Pat. No. 3,318,628 which discloses a small collapsible cage which can be withdrawn into its handle and which is inserted into a golf hole to withdraw the ball.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,466,650, there is disclosed a handle having a mounting at its other end to position a tee member into the ground.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,254,981, there is disclosed a ball retriever which consists of a plurality of uniform tines which may be variably spread apart and which have elongated curved ends to rake a ball out of a water hazard.
It is desirable to have an extensible tool to readily retrieve a golf ball from a water hazard and which will securely hold one or more balls thus retrieved.


Provided are a digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) having improved signal characteristics, and a method of operating the DPLL. The DPLL includes a first tracking unit configured to receive a reference signal and a feedback signal that is generated by feeding back an output signal of the DPLL, track the feedback signal, and output a delayed reference signal, and a second tracking unit configured to receive a delayed feedback signal generated by delaying the feedback signal, and the delayed reference signal, and generate an output signal of the DPLL, of which a frequency is controlled according to a phase difference between the delayed feedback signal and the delayed reference signal.

Example embodiments of the inventive concepts relate to a digital phase-locked loop (DPLL). For example, at least some example embodiments relate to a DPLL having improved signal characteristics and/or a method of operating the same.
A phase-locked loop (PLL) may be a control circuit configured to generate an output clock signal having a phase related to a phase of an input clock signal. The output clock signal generated by the PLL may be a system clock signal used for various digital products. A digital PLL (DPLL) that is based on digital control may be used as an example of the PLL. Performance of the DPLL may be degraded due to a noise of the output signal.

Digital phase-locked loop and method of operating the same


Disclosed is a molding a molding for mounting a window glass on the window opening of an automotive body, said molding for automobile windows comprising a flexible leg portion, an upper flange portion which extends toward both sides at an upper part of the leg portion and supports the edge portion of the glass, upper lip portions that form both tips of said upper flange portion, and lower lip portion which are adhered to the window opening of the automotive body, wherein at least the upper lip portions and the lower lip portions of said molding are formed by using a thermoplastic olefinic elastomer or a composition of said elastomer and an olefin-ethylene type unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer or a salt thereof having a hardness in compliance with JIS A of from 50 to 80, said leg portion and said flange portion are formed by using a blend of the thermoplastic olefinic elastomer and the olefin-ethylene type unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer or a salt thereof, said blend having a hardness in compliance with JIS A of from 75 to 95, the surfaces of the upper lip portions are covered with a layer which contains the olefin-ethylene type unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer or a salt thereof and having a thickness of 1 to 50 .mu.m and a hardness in compliance with JIS A of greater than 85, and at least the lower surfaces of the lower lip portions are formed by using the olefin-ethylene type unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer or a salt thereof or a polymer composition containing them.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a molding for automobile windows and, more particularly, to a molding for automobile windows which comprises an olefinic polymeric material exhibiting excellent softness, resistance against scratches, surface appearance and is capable of being easily mounted on the body.
2. Description of Prior Art
At present, a polyvinyl chloride has exclusively been used as a molding material for automobile windows. Under the circumstances of reducing the weight for improving fuel efficiency, recycling the materials from the environmental point of view, and preventing the generation of corrosive gases at the time of burning that are demanded in recent years, however, it has been urged to replace the polyvinyl chloride by an olefinic polymer. In practice, however, excellent properties possessed by the polyvinyl chloride cannot readily be obtained from a single olefinic polymer. For instance, a polyolefinic thermoplastic elastomer has been known to exhibit softness comparable with that of the polyvinyl chloride. When used as the molding material, however, the polyolefinic thermoplastic elastomer tends to be easily scratched and fails to exhibit luster to a sufficient degree. Moreover, the polyolefinic thermoplastic elastomer cannot be adhered with an adhesive and, hence, cannot be fastened to the automotive body and, further, loses appearance when a wax remover (a mixture of hot water and kerosene) is applied thereto at the time of removing anti-corrosion wax from the car body. When the olefinic polymer of a hard quality is selected by giving importance to resistance against scratches and luster of the molding, new problems arouse in that it becomes difficult to mount the mold and portions that come in contact with the mold tend to be scratched.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,351,864 to Giannakidis discloses an automotive molding having a body of an ionomer resin, a cover layer comprising an ionomer resin, and a film coated on both sides with metal and sandwiched between and bonded to said body and said cover layer. The above molding for automobile windows is excellent in that it is attractive and has bright metallic appearance, but still has some of the aforementioned problems.


A content type registration apparatus and program that obtains from a server a content list which is a list of a plurality of contents, each content having a respective index, and registers the content type for each index corresponding to a respective content in the content list.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a content type registration apparatus that obtains a content type of a content from a server and registers the content type.
2. Description of the Related Art
An internet radio terminal has been available that accesses an internet radio server (hereinafter, referred to as a "server") via the Internet to obtain content data such as a music file or a video file saved on the server, in a streaming format and reproduce the content data. Also, an amplifier apparatus such as an AV amplifier equipped with a function of such an internet radio terminal has been on the market. The AV amplifier has a display unit such as an FL tube and obtains a playlist, which is a list of a plurality of contents, from a server and displays the playlist on the display unit. The AV amplifier displays the title of each content in the playlist and an icon representing a content type (a format such as a music file, a video file, or a link to another playlist). In order to display an icon, the AV amplifier needs to obtain a content type (MIME type) from the server. However, a playlist file such as PLS or M3U that is used by the Internet radio contains a title and a URL representing the location of a content but does not contain a MIME type. Hence, in order to obtain a MIME type, the AV amplifier needs to access a URL of each content in the playlist so that a MIME type is sent from the server; however, requesting for and obtaining MIME types of all contents in the playlist require a tremendous amount of time. As a result, there is a problem that it takes a tremendous amount of time to finish displaying icons representing content types on the display unit of the AV amplifier.

Content type registration apparatus and content type registration program


Techniques for facilitating a similarity search of digital assets (e.g., audio files, image files, video files, etc.) are described. Consistent with some embodiments, a cloud-based search service manages one or more search tree data structures for use in organizing digital assets to make the digital assets searchable. Each digital asset is associated with a feature vector based on the various attributes and/or characteristics of the digital asset. The digital assets are then assigned to leaf nodes in one or more search tree data structures based on a measure of the distance between the feature vector of the digital asset and a virtual feature vector associated with a leaf node. When a search for similar digital assets is invoked, a prioritized breadth first search of a search tree is performed to identify the digital assets having the feature vectors closest in distance to the reference digital asset.

Conventional web-based search engines make it possible to quickly search enormous quantities of online documents for those that are most relevant by simply doing a keyword search. Keyword searching is effective for large-scale systems due in large part to the document indexing (sometimes referred to as web indexing) that is performed ahead of processing an actual search. In general, document indexing, or web indexing, involves collecting, parsing, and storing data in a particular format to facilitate fast and accurate information retrieval. When a user performs a keyword search to find relevant documents, the search engine utilizes an index to very efficiently identify the set of documents that contain all or part of the user-provided keywords. These documents can then be ranked using various algorithms and presented to the user as search results.
While document indexing is effective for document searching, when it comes to image searching, and in particular, searching a large corpus of images for those images that are similar to a reference or target image (e.g., an image similarity search), indexing by itself may not always provide the best user experience and/or yield acceptable or good results. This is due at least in part to the difference between finding exact matches, as is done with keyword searching when a particular word is identified as being included within a document, and finding attributes that may not be an exact match but are near matches (e.g., similar). If too many image attributes are used to determine similarity, the search engine will become less efficient as the number of images increases, and thus lack scalability. In addition, a particular search may yield too few results to be useful to the user because too few of the specific image attributes or factors will exactly match. However, if too few image attributes are used to determine similarity, then the relevance of the search results will suffer, and once again, the search results will not be useful to the user.

Techniques for cloud-based similarity searches


Described herein are techniques for automatically forming groups of application windows. The techniques may be performed with a computing device executing a windowing system, the windowing system having a user interface element that can be interacted with by a user to manage applications executing on the computing device. Each application may correspond to a separate process and application window. It may be determined that an operation has occurred that will evict the application windows of target applications from the display, and in response an application group may be automatically formed. The application group may have indicia of the evicted target applications. The application group may be provided to the user interface element, and when the user interface element is interacted with by the user the user interface element displays user-selectable graphic application indicators for both the application group and applications other than the target applications.

Windowing systems are well known in the art of computing. Windowing systems often provide facilities for a user to interactively manage applications (programs) with windows displayable on a display. Basic functions such as opening, closing, minimizing, maximizing, resizing, switching, and arranging applications are commonly found in some windowing systems. Some windowing systems may allow multiple windows for respective applications to be concurrently displayed on a display.
A problem recognized only by the inventors is that there are times when, due to system or user activity, a user's arrangement or layout of application windows on a display may be lost or overridden. A user's time and effort spent arranging windows may be lost when those windows are later evicted from the display. In addition, there may be times when a user would benefit from being able to manipulate a group of windows as a logical set, possibly in response to an implicit action such as launching an application.
Techniques related to grouping application windows are discussed below.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.


The present invention relates to polymeric antitumor agent which is formed in polymeric micelle complex by intermolecular bonding or mutual interaction between styrene maleic acid copolymer (SMA) and low molecule antitumor agent which is anthracyclins drug such as pirarubicin, doxorubicm, epirbicin, daunorbicin, acralbicin, or alkaloid antitumor agent such as cis-platinum, and taxol These polymeric antitumor agents may improve specificity to cancer cells so that it improves antitumor effect, while it may not be concentrated at normal organ or tissue, so that adverse effect may be diminished. These polymeric antitumor agents may be prepared by dissolving SMA and low molecule antitumor agent in aqueous solution, then in the presence of aqueous soluble carbodiimide, amino acids, or polyamine, adjusting pH to form micelle complex and recovering polymer fraction.

Since the discovery of doxorubicin(adriamycin . . . Formula (1)) in 1969 by Di Marco and his coworker (Cancer Chemotherapy Reports, Part 1, 53, 33-41, 1969), the class of anthracyclin antitumor agents expanded greatly. In 1979 pirarubicin (THP-adriamycin . . . Formula (2)) was discovered by Umezawa et al during a search of new anthracyclin antibiotics. Among the 4′-O-substituted compounds, THP-adryamicin has less toxicity than other anthracyclin antitumor agents (Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 15, 2819-27, 1988).
Anthracyclins antibiotics are known for its potent cytotoxic effect that is known to involve multiple mechanisms of cell killing. Generation of the oxygen radical by quinone group in its molecule promotes its DNA intercalating property and topoisomerase inhibitory mechanisms. All these effects lead to potent cancer cell killing. Pirarubicin, being relatively a new member of this group, has its unique DNA and RNA synthesis inhibitory action, more active than doxorubicin, with reduced cardiotoxicity.
Unfortunately the cytotoxic effect of these low molecular weight antitumor agents, such as anthracyclin or cis platinum, like many others, lack specificity to cancer cells that leads to sever side effects particularly towards rapidly dividing cells such as bone marrow cells and cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, they affect slowly dividing or more stable tissues such as cardiac and hepatic tissues chronically. These side effects are the main factors limiting dose escalation of such powerful drugs.
To eliminate such side effects of these antitumor agents, the tissue distribution of drug plays a crucial role. We found that the molecular weight of the drugs are key to the question, namely drugs of low molecular weight drugs, for example, molecular size less than 10 KDa, are readily distributed in various normal organs tissues or tumor tissues indiscriminately through simple diffusion, and they are eventually eliminated into the bile by the liver and/or into urine through renal excretion. In case of doxorubicin and pirarubicin with molecular weight of 543.5 and 627.6, respectively, their distribution in the normal organs, i.e. the cardiac or bone marrow tissues, limit the effective use at high dose of these low molecular weight drugs for complete tumor eradication.
Problems to be Solved
This situation of toxicity and efficacy becomes great contrast between high molecular weight drugs vs. low molecular weight drugs. Namely macromolecular drugs of size above 40 KDa, where such drugs accumulate and remain more in tumor tissue for a long time due to the unique phenomenon of tumor tissue, which we discovered sometime ago: i.e. enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of macromolecular or lipid drugs in solid tumors (Cancer Res., 44, 2115-2121, 1984; ibid, 46, 6387-92, 1986; Anticancer Res., 13, 1287-1292, 1993).
EPR phenomenon is attributed to anatomical and pathophysiological alternations in tumor tissues, such as increased vascular density by angiogenesis, lack of smooth muscle layer in solid tumor vessels and impaired lymphatic recovery. Pathophysiological changes in solid tumor are brought about by extensive production of vascular mediators such as bradykinin, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, matrix metalloprotinases(MMPs), VEGF/VPF and others resulting in enhancement of EPR effect that are not seen in normal tissues (e.g. Cancer Res., 58, 159-165, 1995; J. Control. Release, 74, 47-61, 2001; Advan. Enzyme Regul., 41, 189-207, 2001)
Previously, we had developed the first polymeric drug SMA [poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride half n-butyrate)] conjugate with covalently linked to the proteinaceous antitumor agent, neocarzinostatin (NCS), which is named SMANCS (Japanese Patent (JP) No.1,549,302, JP 1,545,131, JP 2,556,865 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,556,865). This was the first antitumor polymeric drug in the world.
SMA confers unique pharmacological characters when compared with the parent low molecular weight drugs. Namely, SMA conjugates would become capable of rapid non-covalent bond to albumin, and hence that confers tumor tropism by EPR effect by virtue of increase of the molecular weight, thereby has excellent tumor targeting capacity.
Secondly, it has immunopotentiation (Oda T. et al., Proc. Soc. Exp Biol. Med., 181, 9-17, 1986; Masuda E and H Maeda, Cancer Res., 56, 1868-1873, 1996).

Antitumor agent and process for producing the same


An insulating film material formed by chemical vapor deposition, which contains an organic silane compound having such a structure that at least one secondary hydrocarbon group and/or tertiary hydrocarbon group is directly bonded to a silicon atom.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a low-dielectric constant interlayer insulating film material used in multilevel interconnection technology in logic ULSI. Particularly, it relates to an insulating film material containing a silane compound for plasma polymerization, its production method and its use.
2. Discussion of Background
In the production technology in the field of integrated circuit in an electronics industry, demand for high integration and high speed has been increasing. With respect to silicon ULSI, particularly logic ULSI, performance of the wiring which connects MOSFET, rather than the performance of MOSFET itself by its miniaturization has been problematic. Namely, in order to overcome the problem of wiring delay due to multilevel interconnection, reduction of wiring resistance and reduction of capacity between wirings and between layers have been required.
Accordingly, at present, introduction of copper wiring having a low electric resistance and having a migration resistance, instead of aluminum wiring used for the most part of the integrated circuit, is essential, and a process comprising seed formation by sputtering or chemical vapor deposition (hereinafter referred to simply as CVD) method, followed by copper plating, has been used practically.
As the low-dielectric constant interlayer insulating film material, various ones have been proposed. Heretofore, as the inorganic system, silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon nitride and phosphosilicate glass, and as the organic system, polyimides have been employed. In recent years, with a purpose of obtaining a more homogeneous interlayer insulating film, it has been proposed that a tetraethoxysilane monomer is preliminarily hydrolyzed, i.e., subjected to polycondensation to obtain SiO2, which is used as a coating material called "spin on glass" (inorganic SOG), and it has been proposed to use a polysiloxane obtained by polycondensation of an organic alkoxysilane monomer as organic SOG.
Further, as a method of forming the insulating film, there are two methods including a coating method comprising coating an insulating film polymer solution by e.g. spin coating to carry out film formation and a CVD method comprising plasma polymerization mainly in a plasma CVD apparatus to carry out film formation.
With respect to the characteristics of the film formation method, in the plasma CVD method, adhesion properties to a barrier metal and a copper wiring material which is a wiring material are good, on the contrary, uniformity of the film may be problematic in some cases. In the coating method, although the uniformity of the film may be good, three steps of coating, solvent removal and heat treatment are required, such being economically disadvantageous as compared with the CVD material, and further, adhesion properties to a barrier metal and a copper wiring material which is a wiring material, and uniform coating itself of the coating liquid on a miniaturized substrate structure tend to be problematic in many cases.
With respect to the materials in the coating method, a method of making materials be porous has been proposed so as to achieve an ultra low-k material having a dielectric constant of at most 2.5, more preferably at most 2.0. A method of dispersing organic component fine particles which easily decomposed into an organic or inorganic material matrix, followed by heat treatment to make the material be porous, and a method of depositing SiO2 ultrafine particles formed by evaporation of silicon and oxygen in a gas, to form a thin film of SiO2 ultrafine particles, may, for example, be mentioned.
However, although these methods of making the material be porous, are effective to achieve a low dielectric constant, mechanical strength tends to decrease, whereby chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) may be difficult, or increase of the dielectric constant and wiring corrosion due to absorption of moisture may be caused in some cases.
Accordingly, the market further requires a well-balanced material which satisfies all the requirements such as a low dielectric constant, an adequate mechanical strength, adhesion properties to a barrier metal, prevention of copper dispersion, plasma ashing resistance and moisture absorption resistance. In order to satisfy these requirements to a certain extent, an organic silane type material having an increased proportion of carbon in the organic substituent based on silane, thereby having characteristics intermediate between the organic polymer and the inorganic polymer has been proposed.
For example, JP-A-2000-302791 proposes a method to obtain an interlayer insulating film not being porous and having a dielectric constant of at most 2.4, by using a coating solution obtained by hydrolysis and polycondensation of a silicon compound having an adamantyl group by a sol-gel method in the presence of an aqueous acid solution. However, this material is a material for the coating method, and there are still problems of the above-described film formation method by the film coating method.
Further, JP-A-2002-110670 discloses that a methylsilane oxide film is obtained by using trimethylsilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, diethyldiethoxysilane or the like and an oxidizing agent such as oxygen, dinitrogen oxide or carbon dioxide as materials by means of a PECVD apparatus. However, as shown in Examples as described hereinafter, with a silane having only a primary short chain alkyl group, there are such problems that the PECVD film formation rate may be inadequate, or the carbon uptake amount, which has a role to achieve a low dielectric constant, tends to be small.

Insulating film material containing an organic silane compound, its production method and semiconductor device


A multi-functional leg stretching apparatus comprises an anchoring device made up of a positioning seat and a retaining block for the winding around of an elastic strap there-through, a fixed inner tube securely mounted at the anchoring device therein with both ends thereof symmetrically protruding outwards at both sides of the anchoring device, and a pair of movable outer tubes that, each having a pedal, and plate-like protective frame with an embedded support plate mounted thereto, are symmetrically joined to both ends of the fixed inner tube thereof. A resilient member is accommodated inside the fixed inner tube to extend outwards at both ends into which an abutting element is respectively adapted to abut against the adjacent outer edge of the movable outer tube thereby, permitting the abutting elements affected by the bounding force of the resilient member to flexibly draw and limit both movable outer tubes gathering towards the positioning seat of the anchoring device thereby. Therefore, via the aforementioned structure thereof, the stretching apparatus can not only stretch both arms and legs of a user in a straight direction, but can also strengthen the exercise of legs in an alternative transverse direction so as to train muscles of different parts for bodybuilding thereof.

The present invention is related to a multi-functional leg stretching apparatus, including an anchoring device for the winding around of an elastic strap having a handle grip attached at the ends thereof, and a pair of pedals with curved plate-like protective frames joined at the upper side thereof to be mounted to a pair of movable outer tubes of the anchoring device; whereby, in addition to stretching legs of a user in a straight direction, the stretching apparatus, equipped with a resilient member, support plates, fixing caps in linkage actuation with the movable outer tubes sliding along a fixed inner tube located at the anchoring device thereof, can also strengthen the exercise of legs in an alternative transverse direction so as to train the muscles of different parts for bodybuilding. Besides, the bottom surfaces of the pedals are slightly higher than that of the anchoring device to avoid interference by the friction with the ground so that the stretching apparatus can be universally and smoothly operated in different positions like sitting on ground/chair, or standing upright, efficiently achieving the best using status and boosting its function thereof.
Please refer to FIG. 1. A conventional rowing-type stretching apparatus 10 is made up of a support rod 11, an elastic strap 12 of rubber material wound around the middle section of the support rod 11, and a handle grip 121 attached at the upper ends of the tied up elastic strap 12 thereof. A pair of block-like pedals 13 each having anti-slippery ribs 131 protruding at the surface thereon is mounted at both ends of the support rod 11 thereof, and a plate-like and flexible frame is curved upwards from both lateral sides of each pedal 13 to define a retaining groove 132 thereby. The pedals 13 are fixedly riveted to the support rod 11 for location thereby.
In operation thereof, a user is seated on a mattress or a chair with both legs resting in a straight or sitting position, and both feet of the user are put into the retaining grooves 132 to step onto the pedals 13 thereof respectively. Then, both hands of the user, holding onto the handle grip 121 thereof, are applied to pull at the elastic strap 22, permitting both feet stretching straight to abut against the pedals 26 with a supporting force in counter to the flexible bounding force of the elastic strap 22 drawn by both arms of the user. Therefore, the elastic strap 12 is repeatedly pulled and rebounded to and fro in the stretching exercise of both arms and legs.
However, there are some drawbacks to such conventional stretching apparatus. Most of all, said conventional stretching apparatus is one-dimensionally made for simple stretching operation thereof. Both hands are applied to pull at the elastic strap 12 in the to-and-fro stretching exercise thereof, while both feet can only stretch straight to abut against the pedals 13 without any other exercise involved in strengthening both legs for which other bodybuilding equipment must be adapted additionally. Thus, the conventional stretching apparatus 10, unable to synchronically exercise and train the stamina of both arms and legs, is reduced in its function thereof.

Multi-functional leg stretching apparatus


A new warning light accessory for mounting to the articulation bow of a windshield wiper arm of a vehicle's windshield wiper, preferably, on a rear windshield wiper. The inventive device includes a housing having a body portion with a pair of mounting arms extending from the back surface of the body portion. The front surface of the body portion includes a light source that emits light from the front surface when powered. The mounting arms are spaced apart from one another to define a mounting space between them which is designed for inserting a portion of a windshield wiper arm therein. A clamping member is retractably extended through one of the mounting arms into the mounting space to hold the portion of windshield wiper arm between the mounting arms. A switch is electrically coupled to the light source to permit selective powering of the light source. A power source is also included for providing power to the light source.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to windshield wiper accessories and more particularly pertains to a new warning light accessory for mounting to the articulation bow of a windshield wiper arm of a vehicle's windshield wiper, preferably, on a rear windshield wiper.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of windshield wiper accessories is known in the prior art. More specifically, windshield wiper accessories heretofore devised and utilized are known to consist basically of familiar, expected and obvious structural configurations, notwithstanding the myriad of designs encompassed by the crowded prior art which have been developed for the fulfillment of countless objectives and requirements.
Known prior art windshield wiper accessories include U.S. Pat. No. 5,274,875; U.S. Pat. No. 4,122,578; U.S. Pat. No. 3,978,542; U.S. Pat. No. 4,316,303; U.S. Pat. No. 4,183,114; and U.S. Pat. No. Des. 331,556.
While these devices fulfill their respective, particular objectives and requirements, the aforementioned patents do not disclose a new warning light accessory. The inventive device includes a housing having a body portion with a pair of mounting arms extending from the back surface of the body portion. The front surface of the body portion includes a light source that emits light from the front surface when powered. The mounting arms are spaced apart from one another to define a mounting space between them which is designed for inserting a portion of a windshield wiper arm therein. A clamping member is retractably extended through one of the mounting arms into the mounting space to hold the portion of windshield wiper arm between the mounting arms. A switch is electrically coupled to the light source to permit selective powering of the light source. A power source is also included for providing power to the light source.
In these respects, the warning light accessory according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of mounting to the articulation bow of a windshield wiper arm of a vehicle's windshield wiper, preferably, on a rear windshield wiper.


A securing assembly includes a cap having a top with a skirt portion extending laterally from a periphery defining the top, a plurality of passages defined longitudinally in the skirt portion and being accessed from an end edge of the skirt portion, a washer member having a hole and a plurality of engaging members extending laterally from a periphery defining the washer member, and a bolt having a shank thereof extending through the hole with a head thereof being received in the cap. The engaging members are securely received in the corresponding passages. The assembly further includes a second cap with a nut received therein and a second washer member for engagement with the second cap so that the bolt extends through the two washer members and threadedly engages with the nut, wherein the second cap has an aperture defined therethrough so that the shank can extend through the aperture.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a securing assembly and, more particularly, to an improved securing assembly for securing a license plate and comprising a bolt, at least one washer and at least one cap which receives a head of the bolt. The washer has a plurality of hook members so as to engage with the cap.
2. Brief Description of the Prior Art
FIG. 8 shows a license plate 60 fixedly disposed to a vehicle (shown in phantom lines) by two bolts 50 cooperated with two washers 52. The two bolts 50 extend through two slots 61 defined in the license plate 60 and threadedly engage with a corresponding member of the vehicle so as to fixedly position the license plate 60. The bolts 50 are easily unscrewed because respective heads of the two bolts 50 are exposed on the vehicle. This shortcoming could encourage thieves to steal license plates 60. Furthermore, the bolts 50 could be come loosened by vibration when the vehicle is driven over an uneven surface.
The present invention intends to provide an improved securing assembly to mitigate and/or obviate the above-mentioned problems.

Securing assembly for use with a bolt or nut


A thermoelectriocally powered wristwatch has an endothermic plate affixed to the underside of a case back for absorbing external heat, and a thermal conduction plate for conducting the absorbed heat through heat transfer pins to a thermoelectric conversion element which converts the absorbed heat to electricity for powering the wristwatch. Thermal conduction preventive packings formed of a material having low thermal conductivity, such as plastic or rubber, are interposed between the endothermic plate and the case back and between the case back and the thermal conduction plate.

The present invention relates to a thermoelectrically powered wrist watch in which the energy generated in a thermoelectric element, making a thermoelectric conversion by using the difference between the human body temperature and the outside air temperature at the time when a person has put the wrist watch on his arm, is used as a power source for actuating the hands thereof.
Conventionally, there is known a thermoelectrically powered wrist watch such as that disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 55-20483. That is, as illustrated in FIG. 2, a heat insulation member 30 is disposed at the side surface of a case, and the heat absorbed from the outside through a case back 150 is transferred to one end of a thermoelectric element 3 which is a thermoelectric generator, through a metallic plate 31 which is an elastic member.
On the other hand, the heat absorbed into the case is radiated from the other end of the thermoelectric element 3 to the outside through a shock absorbing member 32 consisting of a metallic elastic member, an intermediate ring 33 constituted by a metallic ring, a dial 6, an exteriorly equipped recess padding edge 34, etc.
The above-constructed thermoelectrically powered wrist watch can supply thereto a larger amount of heat energy by absorbing heat from a wearer's arm through a bottom portion of the case having a large area.
In the conventional thermoelectrically powered wrist watch, since a larger amount of heat energy is absorbed into the case, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of the phenomenon that the temperature inside the case rises with the result that the temperatures at both ends of the thermoelectric element 3 are brought into equilibrium with each other, i.e., the temperature difference between the both ends thereof becomes zero, resulting in that the thermoelectric element 3 is brought to a state capable of generating no power.
On this account, in order to radiate the heat from a glass 7 or recess padding edge 34 to the outside of the case with a high efficiency, a heat insulation member 30 made of plastic material or the like had to be provided at the side surface of the case so as to insulate the heat absorbed from the bottom surface of the case.
Therefore, it is necessary that the case itself be constructed of two parts, i.e., heat insulation member 30 and recess padding edge 34. That is, the case itself becomes unable to be finished to a solid or one-piece metallic case. In consequence, the outer appearance of the case looks inferior and further the manufacturing cost thereof also increases.
Further, with the radiating means which uses the glass 7 having a low thermal conductivity, the recess padding edge 34 having a small surface area and the like, it is impossible to perform sufficient radiation of the heat inside the case, with the result that the temperature equilibrium is inconveniently established inside the case and as a result the thermoelectric conversion efficiency becomes inconveniently low. In addition, covering the entire circumferential side surface of the case by the heat insulation member 30 having a high heat insulating effect, also, causes a decrease in the thermoelectric conversion efficiency.