The present invention provides a method of regulating expression of a gene by (a) preparing a recombinant plant cell line, plant tissue or plant with an expression vector having an abiotic environmental stress-responsive promoter of SEQ ID NO: 27 and the gene downstream thereof; and (b) culturing and cultivating the recombinant plant cell, plant tissue or plant under an abiotic environmental stress, wherein the promoter regulates the expression of the gene under the abiotic environmental stress.

Large quantities of genomic and cDNA sequences have been determined with respect to a number of organisms by gene sequencing projects. In a plant model, Arabidopsis thaliana, the complete genomic sequences of two chromosomes have been determined (Lin, X. et al., (1999), Nature 402, 761-768; and Mayer, K. et al., (1999), Nature 402, 769-777).
The expressed sequence tag (EST) project also has greatly contributed to the discovery of expression genes (Hofte, H. et al., (1993), Plant J. 4, 1051-1061; Newman, T. et al., (1994), Plant Physiol. 106, 1241-1255; and Cooke, R. et al., (1996), Plant J. 9, 101-124; and Asamizu, E. et al., (2000), DNA Res. 7, 175-180). For example, the database of EST (dbEST) of the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI) includes partial cDNA sequences, in which more than half (about 28,000 genes) of the total genes are reproduced, (as estimated from the gene content of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 2 completely sequenced [Lin. X. et al., (1999), Nature 402, 761-768]).
Recently, microarray (DNA chip) technology has become a useful tool for analyzing genome-scale gene expression (Schena, M. et al., (1995), Science 270, 467-470; Eisen M. B. and Brown, P. O. (1999), Methods Enzymol. 303, 179-205). In the technology using a DNA chip, cDNA sequences are arrayed on a slide glass in a density of not smaller than 1,000 genes/cm2. The cDNA sequences thus arrayed are hybridized simultaneously with a pair of cDNA probes tagged with two color fluorescent labels, which have been prepared from RNA samples of different types of cells or tissues. In this manner, a large amount of genes can be directly analyzed and compared for gene expression. This technology was demonstrated for the first time by analyzing 48 Arabidopsis genes for differential expression in root and shoots (Schene, M. et al., (1995), Science 270, 467-470). Furthermore, a microarray was used in investigating 1,000 clones randomly taken from a human cDNA library in order to identify a novel gene responsive to heat shock and protein kinase C activation (Schena, M. et al., (1996), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 10614-10619).
In another method, a DNA chip is used in analyzing the expression profile of an inflammatory-disease associated gene under various induction conditions (Heller, R. A. et al., (1997), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 2150-2155). Furthermore, using a microarray, a yeast genome having more than 6,000 coding sequences has been analyzed for dynamic expression (DeRisi, J. L. et al., (1997) Science, 278, 680-686; and Wodicka, L. et al., (1997), Nature Biotechnol. 15, 1359-1367).
However, in the field of plant science, only a few reports have been made on microarray analysis (Schena, M. et al., (1995), Science 270, 467-470; Ruan, Y. et al., (1998), Plant J. 15, 821-833; Abaroni. A, et al., (2000), Plant Cell 12, 647-661; and Reymond, P. et al., (2000), Plant Cell 12, 707-719).
The growth of plants is significantly affected by environmental stresses such as drought, high salinity and low temperature. Of the stresses, drought or water deficiency is the most critical factor that limits growth of plants and productions of crops. Such a drought stress causes various biochemical and physiological responses in plants.
To survive under these conditions of stress, plants acquire responsivity and adaptability to the stresses. Recently, several types of genes responsive to drought at a transcriptional level have been reported (Bohnert, H. J. et al., (1995), Plant Cell 7, 1099-1111; Ingram J., and Bartels, D. (1996), Plant Mol. Biol. 47, 377-403; Bray, E. A. (1997), Trends Plant Sci. 2, 48-54; Shinozaki, K., and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. (1997), Plant Physiol. 115, 327-334; Shinozaki, K., and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. (1999), "Molecular responses to drought stress. Molecular responses to cold, drought, heat and salt stress in higher plants", edited by Shinozaki, K. and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. R. G. Landes Company; and Shinozaki, K., and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. (2000), Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 3, 217-223).
On the other hand, in an attempt to improve stress resistance of plants by introducing a gene, stress-inducible genes have been used (Holmberg, J., and Bulow, L., (1998), Trends Plant Sci. 3, 61-66; and Bajaj, S. et al., (1999), Mol. Breed. 5, 493-503). Not only to further clarify the mechanism of stress resistance and stress responsivity of a higher plant at a molecular level but also to improve the stress resistance of a crop by gene manipulation, it is important to analyze the function of a stress-inducible gene.
Dehydration responsive element and C-repeat sequence (DRE/CRT) has been identified as an important cis-acting element when drought, high salt and cold stress-responsive genes are expressed in an ABA independent manner, where ABA refers to abscisic acid, a kind of plant hormone and serves as a signal transmission factor of seed dormancy and environmental stress (Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K., and Shinozaki, K. (1994), Plant Cell 6, 251-264; Thomashow, M. F. et al., (1999), Plant Mol. Biol. 50, 571-599; and Shinozaki, K., and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. (2000), Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 3, 217-223). Furthermore, a transcriptional factor (DREB/CBF) involved in DRE/CRT responsive gene expression has been closed (Stockinger, E. J. et al., (1997), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 1035-1040; Liu, Q. et al., (1998), Plant Cell 10, 1391-1406; Shinwari, Z. K. et al., (1998), Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 250, 161-170; and Gilmour, S. J. et al., (1998), Plant J. 16, 433-443). DREB1/CBF is considered to function in cold-responsive gene expression, whereas DREB2 is involved in drought-responsive gene expression. Strong resistance to freezing stress was observed in a transgenic Arabidopsis plant that overexpresses CBF1 (DREB1B) cDNA under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter (Jaglo-Ottosen, K. R. et al., (1998), Science 280, 104-106).
The present inventors have reported that when DREB1A (CBF3) cDNA molecules are overexpressed in transgenic plants under the control of a CaMV 35S promoter or a stress-inducible rd29A promoter, strong constitutive expression of stress-inducible DREB1A target genes are induced to improve resistance to freezing, drought and salt stresses (Liu, Q. et al., (1998), Plant Cell 10, 1391-1406; and Kasuga, M. et al., (1999), Nature Biotechnol. 17, 287-291). Furthermore, the present inventors have already identified six DREB1A target genes such as rd29A/lti78/cor78, kin1, kin2/cor6.6, cor15a, rd17/cor47, and erd10 (Kasuga, M. et al., (1999), Nature Biotechnol. 17, 287-291). However, it has not yet been sufficiently elucidated how the overexpressed DREB1A cDNA improves stress resistance to freezing, drought and salt in a transgenic plant. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of drought and freezing resistance, it is important to identify and analyze as many genes controlled by DREB1A as possible.

Environmental stress-responsive promoter and a gene encoding environmental stress-responsive transcriptional factor


Provided is a method of manufacturing a printed circuit board having test points in which test points and pads are formed on the printed circuit board and then are electrically connected to each other, so that it is possible to form the pads having a pitch interval smaller than that in the related art. This may contribute to miniaturization of the printed circuit board by mounting a connector smaller than that in the related art on the printed circuit board, and may enable the preformed test points to be used as they are even after the connector used is removed from the printed circuit board. Also provided is a printed circuit board manufactured thereby.

A printed circuit board is a board, in which parts of an electronic circuit are mounted, and is generally manufactured by a printing method of printing wiring along a circuit pattern, and other portions except for the printed region are etched.
Such a printed circuit board may have various problems such as a defect of an element itself mounted on the printed circuit board, improper mounting of the element, or inaccurate pattern printing on the printed circuit board.
A specific test part having a measuring terminal drawn out to repair and inspect the printed circuit board in order to solve the above problems is called a test point.
In the conventional process of the related art, instead of separately forming test points on a printed circuit board, a hole type connector is used on a pad formed on the printed circuit board, and then the hole of the pad remaining in a place where the connector is removed is electrically connected with a jig and used as a test point to perform an additional process such as a test.
However, when the connector used in the printed circuit board occupies a large space of the printed circuit board, the size of the printed circuit board itself is inevitably increased. When a connector smaller than that in the related art is used to reduce the size of the printed circuit board, the holes remaining after removing the connector do not fit into a pitch interval of the jig in the related art, and thus cannot be used as test points. Accordingly, in order to use the holes as the test points, it is necessary to separately produce a jig fitting into the pitch interval of the connector smaller than that in the related art. However, in this case, since holes between the pins of the jig electrically connected to the test points become too close, the jig may be damaged while the holes are drilled at the time of producing the jig, and since a pin thickness of the jig is reduced, there is a problem in that the jig may warp or become damaged when a test is performed. In addition, when a connector smaller than that in the related art is used, a conventional jig in the related art cannot be used. For this reason, only when test points fitting into a pitch size of the jig in the related art are separately formed near the connector, even after removing the connector, may the test points be used with the jig in the related art. In such a case, it is meaningless to miniaturize the connector because the space of the printed circuit board occupied by the connector smaller than that in the related art and the test points fitting into the pitch size of the jig in the related art does not greatly differ from the space of the printed circuit board occupied by the connector in the related art. For this reason, the connector smaller than that in the related art cannot be used in the case of a task requiring a mass production process.

Method for manufacturing printed circuit board having test point, and printed circuit board manufactured thereby


The present invention relates to a game method for traffic reality entertainment system. The game method includes a portable device installing a program, vehicles installing vehicular systems, traffic facilities, and a cloud operating server. The traffic facility or the portable device is connected with the vehicular system. The portable device, the vehicular system, and the traffic facility are connected with the cloud operating server. When the portable device carried by a user is adjacent to the predefined vehicle or the predefined traffic facility, a game is started to perform or the cloud operating server starts to transmit the game data to the program of the portable device. Therefore, various game contents are produced by the traffic reality entertainment system according to the environment where the user stays, so the purpose of integrating the reality with the game and improving the interesting, attractive, and the sense of participation can be achieved.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention provides a game method for traffic reality entertainment system, to enable the portable device to receive different game data when the portable device is adjacent to a plurality of vehicles having a vehicular system and a plurality of traffic facilities at different locations, so as to generate different game contents according to the environment where a user (i.e. traveler and/or player) stays.
2. Description of the Related Art
The game market has become a huge industry currently. A traditional game belongs to a console game which allows at least one person to play a game on a single console. However, with the popularization of computers and networks, game companies introduce online games played by the network. The online games allow different users to connect to a server at a time, and more fun is obtained by interacting with others in the game content. Therefore, online games get lots of consumers' attractions quickly, and it has a high market share soon.
The online games is mainly operated by utilizing computers, such as the desktop computer or the notebook, and the user needs to play the online games at a specific space, such as home or Internet Cafè. So, the user may still feel restricted and inconvenient in playing the online games. However, with the improvement and popularization of technology of mobile phones in our life, smart phone and tablet personal computer (tablet PC) are introduced gradually by companies. The feature of easy carrying is the major advantage for the smart phone and the tablet PC, so now the smart phone and the tablet PC can be seen everywhere.
The game companies starts to introduce related games for smart phone and the tablet PC because the smart phone and the tablet PC are powerful enough to perform the computation of the games. The game's image dpi (dots per inch) and the game content on smart phone and tablet PC are simplified since the computation speed of the smart phone and the tablet PC is inferior to that of the desktop computers or the notebook. However, the feature of passing the odd time for the game fits to the requirement of people who cannot spend much time on the game, so the game on the smart phone and the tablet PC are still popular for lots of users.
Except for the above computers, smart phone, or tablet PC, another game system is using a host connected with a TV to perform the game. The evolutionary process of the host is also transformed from the console game to the online game gradually. Additionally, the game companies introduce sensors, detectors, image capture device, or microphone to detect users' gestures or voices so the users can have a better feeling of game anticipation by doing a corresponding action in playing game.
However, no matter what kind of the game device, the game type, or the game method is used, the user may still need to stay indoors to play the game. The disadvantage of staying indoors for a long time is harmful to the health of the user, and the game still cannot be integrated with the users' living. Further, some problems in real life cannot be solved by using the game. According to disclosure in prior arts, there are lots of problems and drawbacks in the game system. So the inventor and people engaged in this industry aim at improving the problems and drawbacks described above.

Game method for traffic reality entertainment system


A semiconductor chip that has a photodiode formed on it, a semiconductor device including the semiconductor chip, and manufacturing methods thereof. A second semiconductor region 11 is formed in light-receiving region R of first semiconductor region 10. First bumps 12 are formed outside light-receiving region R. Second bump 13 is formed in a ring-shape around light-receiving region R between region R and first bumps 12. Semiconductor chip T is assembled on assembly substrate S, and resin layer 30 is formed between chip T and substrate S in the region outside of said light-receiving region R.

In semiconductor devices, photodiodes, a type of diode that receives light and generates current, are widely used as the light-receiving element for an optical pickup device contained in a CD, DVD and other optical disk devices. The photodiode is made of a pn-junction semiconductor. When a reverse bias is applied to the pn junction, the depletion layer becomes wider, and a high electric field forms. Due to the light absorbed mainly by the depletion layer, electron-hole pairs are generated, and electrons attracted by the electric field move to the n-type semiconductor region, while the holes move to the p-type semiconductor region, and they are detected as current.
The aforementioned photodiodes include the following types: a PIN photodiode, which has an intrinsic layer, such as a p− layer or n− layer containing a low-concentration electroconductive impurity set between the p-layer and n-layer, and a depletion layer that can spread easily under a low voltage, and an avalanche photodiode that has a region where avalanche breakdown takes place. For example, the aforementioned photodiodes are disclosed in Japanese Kokai Patent Application No. 2001-320079.
It is well known that when said photodiode is assembled on an assembly substrate, the structure is sealed, e.g., with a clear molding resin. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a semiconductor device with said structure with clear molding resin applied for sealing after said photodiode is assembled on the assembly substrate.
For example, n-type semiconductor layer 101 is formed on the outer layer portion in the light-receiving region of p-type semiconductor substrate 100, and it is connected to a photodiode or the like. Then, pad electrode 102 is formed on the surface of semiconductor substrate 100 to form semiconductor chip T with a photodiode formed on it. By means of adhesive film 103, semiconductor chip T with said constitution is mounted on assembly substrate 104. Substrate electrode 105 is formed on assembly substrate 104, and, by means of wire bonding 106, pad electrode 102 of semiconductor chip T and substrate electrode 105 of assembly substrate 104 are connected.
Also, resin layer 107 made of a clear molding resin is formed to seal substrate electrode 105 and wire bonding 106 in the region connected to semiconductor chip T and wire bonding 106. Said resin layer 107 is made of a resin that is at least transparent to light received by the photodiode, and it can protect the photodiode and the wiring connecting portion without impeding the incidence of light.
The semiconductor device with photodiode assembled as aforementioned should have an area appropriate for connection with the wire bonding. Also, the resin layer of the clear molding resin is thick, such that it is difficult to reduce the overall size of the device. This is undesirable. Also, the manufacturing method has many steps of operation, and it is difficult to cut the manufacturing cost, and this is undesirable.


A system and method for reducing acoustic, wind or other background noise that may interfere with sensing of a seismic signal is provided. More specifically, a shield is provided to enclose a geophone and thereby protect it from harmful noise. The shield may comprise a rigid shell, a structural damping material, an acoustically absorptive material, and a compliant seal for coupling the shield to the ground or reference surface.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to improved geophones and other motion or seismic sensors. More specifically, this invention relates to a system for reducing wind noise and other background noise that may interfere with signals sensed-by a geophone or other ground motion or seismic sensor.
2. Related Art
Noise can be a significant problem for the acquisition of high-quality seismic data. In general, there are two types of noise that are of particular concern. First is noise created by winds that blow against seismic sensors, such as geophones. Strong winds can interrupt seismic survey operations or decrease the detection range of sensors by reducing signal-to-noise ratios below acceptable limits. Second is acoustic noise. Seismic sensors such as geophones are also sensitive to ground motion induced by acoustic signals. Acoustic noise levels, therefore, also influence the signal-to-noise ratios recorded by such sensors, potentially limiting their detection capability.
One common practice for reducing the effect of wind and acoustic noise is to bury the sensor. However, burial of sensors is time consuming, and thereby costly. Also, local ground conditions may preclude the burying of sensors to depths which sufficiently reduce noise.
Thus, a need exists for an improved system and method for reducing the effects of wind and/or acoustic noise on geophones and similar sensors, which does not require the burial of such sensors.

Windshield and sound-barrier for seismic sensors


A method, arithmetic divider unit, and system are disclosed for dividing a dividend DZM . . . Z0 having a most significant bit ZM and a plurality of less significant bits ZM−1 through Z0 by a divisor RZN . . . Z0 having a most significant bit ZN and a plurality of less significant bits ZN−1 through Z0. The method, arithmetic divisor unit, and system round the divisor to the next significant bit greater than the divisor's most significant bit ZN to produce a first partial divisor RZN+1, divide the dividend DZM . . . Z0 by the first partial divisor RZN+1 to produce a first partial quotient QN, calculate one or more additional partial quotients based on one or more divisor bits selected from the plurality of divisor bits ZN−1 through Z0, and add the first partial quotient QN and one or more additional partial quotients to produce an estimated final quotient.

Digital devices perform a variety of arithmetic operations on binary numerical data. A processor within such digital devices includes a major subdivision called an arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The ALU performs a variety of data processing and arithmetic operations under the control of the processor. Although early processors had only one ALU, modern chips may have several ALUs, which may be classed into two types. One basic type of ALU is an integer unit which carries out simple integer mathematical operations including add, subtract, multiply, shift and logical instructions. More powerful processors also may include a second type of ALU, referred to as a floating-point unit, that handles advanced math operations on numbers with a wider range than simple integers (such as 1.03.times.10.sup.−19 for example.) Floating-point units use separate, dedicated instructions for their advanced functions.
The basic integer unit may also include a dedicated divider to perform arithmetic division. Because floating-point numbers and integers are represented differently in binary, and because the operations differ as a result, separate floating point and integer dividers are generally provided. Typically, floating point division is considered to be more important for high-demand applications, such as graphics and multimedia applications. Also, integer division is not performed with the same frequency as other mathematical operations. And so, many manufacturers save die real estate by providing only the most basic single bit per cycle (radix-2) integer divider, which reduces performance.
The integer divider commonly operates based on one of a variety of well-known subtractive algorithms. Subtractive algorithms each include a sequence of shift, subtract, and compare operations. Among subtractive algorithms, restoring, non-restoring, non-performing, and the Sweeney, Robertson, and Tocher (SRT) division algorithms are known. These division algorithms tend to be very slow in generating quotient values.
For example, one conventional subtractive division technique for binary numbers works similarly to standard long division in base-10 numbers. Each digit of the dividend, starting with the most significant digit, is compared to the divisor, and a digit of the quotient is computed. In computers, this is accomplished by the typical one bit per cycle (radix-2) integer divider by aligning the most significant bit of the dividend with the least significant bit of the divisor, subtracting the aligned digits, shifting the partial remainder to the left, subtracting, shifting again, and so on. For a 64-bit number, the minimum number of cycles is 64, plus several cycles for setting up the computation. Even in cases where the numbers have significantly fewer digits or the dividend is smaller than the divisor (a case which always results in zero for integer numbers) the entire process is performed. Thus, even radix-4 and radix-8 integer dividers, which process multiple bits per cycle, can be very inefficient.
An exemplary prior art non-restoring integer divider 20 is schematically represented in FIG. 1. The 64-bit dividend is right shifted by 63 bits using concatenation 22. The concatenated 128 bit word is stored in flip-flop 26. The left 65 bits, including one sign bit and the 64 bit partial remainder are read out and added in adder 34. The divisor is stored in flip-flop 28, converted into its two's compliment form using XOR 32, and added in carry-lookahead adder 34. The result from adder 34 is the partial remainder from which quotient digit 38 q(i) is calculated. Concatenation 36 combines the right 63 bits from split 29 with result from adder 34 and q(i). The cycle repeats 64 times and the final result is stored in the least significant 64 bits of flip-flop 26.
It would be desirable to improve the performance of integer division and to reduce real estate requirements on the integrated circuit die while at the same time improving division performance on integer numbers.

Method and apparatus for integer division


A trajectory generation device includes a control target (1), an angle detector (2), a command generator (5) and a trajectory generator (6). If a change is generated from a current target angle to a new target angle or if a change is generated from the current target angular velocity to a new target angular velocity in the command generator (5), a changed trajectory is regenerated by the trajectory generator (6) based on the angle up to the new target angle or the angular velocity up to the new target angular velocity, on the basis of the output angular velocity generated by the trajectory generator (6) at the point the change has occurred and on the basis of a current angle at the point the change has occurred or an output angle generated by the trajectory generator (6) at the point the change has occurred.

FIG. 7 is a block configuration diagram illustrating an inner configuration of a conventional trajectory generation device described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 07-307703 of patent literature 1, "optical space communication equipment and mirror drive mechanism for optical space communication equipment". As shown in FIG. 7, the trajectory generation device described in patent literature 1 includes at least an angle detector 12 which detects an angle of a control target 11 as a current angle, a command generator 15 which sets a target angle and a target angular velocity of the control target 11 to track a target, and a trajectory generator 16 which generates a trajectory for tracking the target based on the current angle output from the angle detector 12 and the target angle and the angular velocity set by the command generator 15, and outputs the trajectory as a target command to a controller 13. The controller 13 generates a phase-compensated control signal of the control target 11 based on the target command output from the trajectory generator 16 and the current angle of the control target 11. Then, the controller 13 outputs the control signal to the control target 11 via a driver 14, so as to orient the control target 11 to the target angle and the target angular velocity ordered as the target command.
Consequently, by generating the trajectory by the trajectory generator 16 based on the target angle and the target angular velocity set by the command generator 15 and the current angle of the control target 11 which is the output of the angle detector 12 and outputting it as the target command to the controller 13, the control target 11 is controlled to be oriented to an instruction content of the target command. This control is a feedback control system using information of the current angle of the control target 11 as feedback information.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a time response according to the trajectory generated by the conventional trajectory generation device shown in FIG. 7. In FIG. 8, a horizontal axis represents the time, and a vertical axis represents the angular velocity. The trajectory generation method shown in FIG. 8 refers to as "a basic profile". Hereinafter, "the basic profile" shown in FIG. 8 will be described.
The trajectory generation command is given from the command generator 15 at the time t=ts, and then the basic profile shall be generated. The target angular velocity being defined as ωd and an acceleration duration time from an initial velocity '0' being defined as tα, a target angular acceleration αd is given by a following formula (1).
                    [                  math                                                              1                ]                                                                      α          d                =                              ω            d                                t            α                                              (        1        )
Further, assuming that an accelerating time (an accelerating end time) is t1, a constant velocity time (a constant velocity end time) is t2, a decelerating time (a decelerating end time) is t3, the target angle given as the trajectory generation command is θd, an output angle of the trajectory generator 16 at the time t is θr, an output angular velocity of the trajectory generator 16 at the time t is ωr, and the current angle output from the angle detector 12 at a trajectory generation start time ts (at the time of the trajectory generation) is θms, the accelerating time t1, the constant velocity time t2, and the decelerating time t3 are respectively given by following formulas (2-1), (2-2) and (2-3).
                    [                  math                                                              2                ]                                                                      t          1                =                              ω            d                                α            d                                              (                  2                                -                              1                )                                          t          2                =                                            (                                                θ                  d                                -                                  θ                  ms                                            )                                      ω              d                                -                                                                  ω                d                                                                                                α                d                                                                                      (                  2                                -                              2                )                                          t          3                =                              (                                          θ                d                            -                              θ                ms                                      )                                ω            d                                              (                  2                                -                              3                )
Further, output angular velocities ωrs in each of an accelerating period A11 (a period of ts<=t<ts+t1), a constant velocity period E11 (a period of ts+1<=t<ts+t2), a decelerating period D11 (a period of ts+t2<=t<=ts+t3), and a period after completion F11 which is after completion of trajectory generation (a period of t>ts+t3) are given by following formulas (3-1), (3-2), (3-3) and (3-4).
[math 3]ωr=αd×(t−ts)  (3-1)ωr=ωd  (3-2)ωr=−α×(t−ts−t2)+ωd  (3-3)ωr=0  (3-4)
Further, assuming that sampling frequency is Δt, the output angle θr of the trajectory generator 16 is given by a following formula (4).[math 4]θr(t)=θr(t−Δt)+ωr(t)×Δt   (4)
Here, the output angle θr and the output angular velocity ωr which is the output of the trajectory generator 16 are used as the target command to the controller 13.

Trajectory generation device, trajectory generation method, and storage medium having trajectory generation program stored therein


Elevator, which includes a guide rail line, which includes a plurality of consecutive guide rails, which are supported on the building with guide rail brackets fixed to the building, which guide rail brackets comprise a frame, a mounting base and structure for pressing the guide rail against the mounting base, which guide rail bracket essentially prevents at its point lateral movement of the guide rail in relation to the fixing point of the guide rail bracket and permits longitudinal movement of the guide rail in relation to the fixing point of the guide rail bracket. The aforementioned mounting base is fixed to the frame of the guide rail bracket movably in the longitudinal direction of the guide rail.

The guide rails of an elevator, such as the car guide rails or counterweight guide rails, are generally fixed in position by stacking elongated guide rails to be supported by each other in the vertical direction and by supporting them in the lateral direction to be immovable on the building with guide rail brackets, which aim to permit longitudinal movement of a guide rail in relation to the building. A guide rail must be able to move in relation to the building because the dimensional changes of a long guide rail line and of the building in relation to time are different. After the construction phase the drying of concrete, in particular, results in shrinking of the building, a consequence of which can be compression of the guide rail line into a curve if the guide rails of the guide rail line are not able to move in relation to the building. This relative movement is in prior art arranged to occur e.g. with sliding between a guide rail bracket rigidly fixed to the building and the guide rail. In these types of solutions the guide rail clamp of the guide rail bracket presses the guide rail against the base comprised in the guide rail bracket. A problem of this solution is that the thickness tolerances of the guide rails are large and the compression force exerted by the guide rail clamp on the guide rail might form to be too great, preventing sliding between the guide rail and the clamp. More specifically, when a thick point of the guide rail slides to the point of the guide rail clamp, the structure of the guide rail clamp does not always give way sufficiently and as a result of this it presses the guide rail against the base with too great a force. A consequence of this can be bulging of the guide rail line as the guide rails are compressed into a curve.


A golf ball playing surface assembly includes a plurality of different mats having different surfaces for simulating different golf playing surface conditions. A playing surface in a golf simulator, hitting bay or practice area is provided with a rectangular recess of predetermined depth, length and width. The mats have different piles for simulating different playing surface conditions, and can be placed side by side in any selected configuration in the recess to cover at least a major portion of the recess area. The depth of the recess is substantially equal to the height of at least some of the mats, so that a hitting surface is provided which is substantially flush with the surrounding floor area. Different combinations of mats can be placed in the recess to simulate different playing conditions.

The present invention relates generally to artificial playing surfaces for use in golf ball driving ranges, golf simulators, golf ball hitting bays and the like.
Golf simulators are becoming increasingly popular for allowing players to practice their game in an indoor facility. These arrangements permit playing, training and practice regardless of outdoor weather conditions. In a typical golf simulator, a playing enclosure is provided with a full wall screen at one end onto which views of a golf course are projected. In such golf simulators, as well as in indoor golf ball hitting bays and the like, a floor area is designated for the player to hit the ball. Typically, a foam-backed hitting mat is placed on top of the floor surface in this area. Although the mat may be a carpet or other brush-like mat of short, medium or heavy weight for simulating different playing surfaces, this arrangement is not ideal since the ball hitting area is elevated above the surrounding floor surface on which the player stands, and therefore does not give a realistic feel of a real golf ball hitting environment. If putting is involved, the player must either hit off from a raised mat, which is undesirable, or move off from the main hitting area to put the ball in a level and more realistic environment. Additionally, such mats typically wear out fairly rapidly.


A polymeric composition which has a dielectric constant K' greater than 4 at 20.degree. C. which varies little with temperature is made from a polymer or mixture of polymers and a ceramic or a mixture of ceramics, where the polymer or mixture of polymers has a dielectric constant K' in the range of about 1.5 to about 3.5 and a temperature coefficient of dielectric constant TCK' that is negative and is between 0 and about -300 ppm/degree C.; and the ceramic includes a first ceramic, which may be one ceramic or a mixture of ceramics, each having a dielectric constant in the range of about 15 to about 200 and a TCK' that is positive and is between zero and about 3000 ppm/degree C.; and an optional second ceramic, which may be one ceramic or a mixture of ceramics, each having a dielectric constant in the range from about 3 up to about 15 and a TCK' that is positive and is between zero and about 300 ppm/degree C.

New materials with high dielectric constants and low loss tangents are needed in the electronics industry for use at high frequencies and as a means to enable further miniaturization. These materials are particularly useful if they can be made into thin films, sheets, plaques, and other molded shapes, so that they can be used as circuit boards at microwave frequencies, high energy density capacitors, filters, antennas, buried components, and multichip modules. These have a variety of end uses, as for example in wireless communications. Many ceramic materials have the desired high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss, but they are not readily made into thin films. Ceramic materials that have been fabricated into films and shaped articles are also generally brittle.
One approach to making films and sheets with the desired properties is to utilize a composition (also referred to herein as "composite") comprising a polymeric matrix and a ceramic filler having a high dielectric constant. This approach is difficult because the compositions need high levels of the ceramic filler in order to achieve the desired high dielectric constant while retaining rheological properties that make the compositions suitable for extrusion or molding. The compositions must also be stable to changes in ambient moisture (humidity) and temperature. Resistance to elevated temperatures, as well as high mechanical strength, impact resistance and chemical resistance are also all desirable. Finally, in many applications, flat substrates made from these materials will need to be made into laminates with copper and/or other materials.
Several high dielectric constant materials based on polymers combined with ceramics are known. For example, numerous patents are assigned to Rogers Corporation that teach composites of fluoropolymers, preferably poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), and ceramic materials for use as high dielectric materials, as for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,335,180 and 5,358,775. Rogers Corporation sells some of these compositions of PTFE and ceramic fillers for use as high dielectric films. It is in general difficult to make thin films and other shaped articles of PTFE containing a filler.
A large number of other examples of high dielectric composite materials have been disclosed. Typical examples are U.S. Pat. No. 5,174,973, German patent publication DE 3,242,657, Japanese Patent Publications JP 5,307,911, JP 57,853, JP 98,069 and a published paper (S. Asai, et al., IEEE Transactions on Components, Hybrids and Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 16, No. 5, August, 1993, pp. 499-504).
The temperature stability of the dielectric constant is an important issue. The dielectric constants of high dielectric ceramics change with temperature. As a result, the dielectric constants of compositions of polymers and ceramics also change with temperature. The changes in dielectric constant affect the electrical properties of electronic components utilizing the compositions, such as, for example, the resonant frequency of a patch antenna. This may limit the usefulness of the devices, since they are only usable within limited temperature ranges. Outdoor use may be particularly unreliable. This problem has so far been addressed by making compositions that contain combinations of ceramic materials that have positive and negative temperature coefficients of dielectric constant, so that the changes in dielectric constant of the materials balance each other out. This approach is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,552,210, Japanese Patent Publication No, 4,161,461 published in 1992, and commonly assigned co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 08/646,403. An alternative approach is to make a composition in which the ceramic filler has a temperature coefficient of dielectric constant that is approximately zero. Such ceramic fillers are known but are very costly. A new approach that utilizes common high dielectric constant ceramic materials and common polymers is described below.

Polymeric compositions having a temperature-stable dielectric constant


A system for automated contract management includes a computing device (102) and a memory storing program instructions that when executed by computing device (102). The program instructions cause the computing device (102) to generate an ontology (115) of terms and cross-contractual relationships in contracts (105, 110) and machine interpretable terms (120) and cross-contractual relationships (125) derived from the contracts (105, 110) with reference to the ontology (115). A method for automated contract management is also provided.

When services or products are sourced from outside providers, business relationships must be managed with those providers. As the number and complexity of externally sourced services increases, the effort to manage the contractual business relationships with those service providers increases as well. Currently relationships of this nature are managed manually by dedicated administrative departments. In a future of pervasive cloud services and increased globalization, more business and IT functions are expected to be provided by external service providers, leading to an increased effort to manage the relationships with those service providers.
Throughout the drawings, identical reference numbers designate similar, but not necessarily identical, elements.

Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.


An optical scanning apparatus comprising a plurality of light sources, a polygon mirror for deflecting beams emitted from the light sources in a main scanning direction, lenses for imaging the deflected beams on receiving surfaces and diverting mirrors for directing the beams which passed through the lenses to the receiving surfaces. In one side of the polygon mirror, three diverting mirrors are provided in an upper optical path, and two diverting mirrors are provided in a lower optical path. In the other side of the polygon mirror, one diverting mirror is provided in a lower optical path, and two diverting mirrors are provided in an upper optical path. Thereby, bows on the receiving surfaces have the same curving direction, and color displacement can be inhibited.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical scanning apparatus, and more particularly to an optical scanning apparatus for scanning a plurality of beams modulated in accordance with image data on receiving surfaces by use of a single deflector.
2. Description of Related Art
In recent years, in the field of image forming apparatuses, such as full-color copying machines, printers, etc., a tandem type is general. In the tandem type, four photosensitive members respectively for Y (yellow), M (magenta), C (cyan) and K (black) are arranged in parallel, and images in the respective colors formed on the photosensitive members are transferred onto an intermediate transfer belt so that the color images can be combined with each other. In an image forming apparatus of the tandem type, for example, an optical scanning apparatus which comprises a single deflector (polygon mirror) for scanning four beams concurrently to write images on the four photosensitive members is provided.
In an optical scanning apparatus of this type, on each side of a deflector, an upper scanning system and a lower scanning system are provided. Three types of the upper and lower scanning systems are known. One is a type composed of lenses commonly used for the upper scanning system and the lower scanning system. Another is a type composed of lenses exclusively used for the upper system and lenses exclusively used for the lower system. The other is a type composed of one or more lenses commonly used for the upper and lower scanning systems, lenses exclusively used for the upper system and lenses exclusively used for the lower system. Of these three types, the type composed of lenses commonly used for the upper and lower systems is the most advantageous in view of cost.
However, when a single set of lenses is to be used commonly for the upper and lower systems, the optical surfaces of the lenses must be shaped symmetrically in a sub-scanning direction. Accordingly, when beams are incident to the optical surfaces of the lenses at an angle with respect to the sub-scanning direction, on receiving surfaces, writing lines in the sub-scanning direction have remarkable bows. Then, if the lenses are designed to correct the bows, other aberrations will become heavier, and the beam performance will be worse. If the bows are kept unsolved, because the bow occurring in the upper system and the bow occurring in the lower system are different in curving direction, an image having color displacement in the sub-scanning direction will be formed.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2002-202472 discloses an optical scanning apparatus wherein the numbers of diverting mirrors provided respectively on the right side, on the left side, on the upper side and on the lower side of a deflector are regulated so that bows caused by linear expansions of a housing with changes in temperature will be uniform in curving direction. According to this publication, the number of diverting mirrors provided on the right side of the deflector and the number of diverting mirrors provided on the left side of the deflector are respectively even and odd or respectively odd and even. The number of diverting mirrors provided on the upper side of the deflector and the number of diverting mirrors provided on the lower side of the deflector are both even or both odd. However, in the optical scanning apparatus according to this publication, lenses are exclusively used for each optical system, and therefore, the apparatus is costly. Also, since beams are not incident to the deflector at an angle, the deflector must be made thick, which further increases the cost. While the number of diverting mirrors on the right side of the deflector and the number of diverting mirrors on the left side of the deflector are respectively even and odd or respectively odd and even, the number of diverting mirrors above the deflector and the number of diverting mirrors below the deflector are both even or both odd. Therefore, although bows caused by linear expansions of a housing are uniform in curving direction, bows in four colors caused by the design of optical elements are different in curving direction.
According to Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2004-70107 discloses an optical scanning apparatus wherein the number of diverting mirrors provided on the right side of the deflector and the number of diverting mirrors provided on the left side of the deflector are both even or both odd and wherein the number of diverting mirrors provided above the deflector and the number of diverting mirrors provided below the deflector are respectively even and odd or respectively odd and even. Accordingly, in this optical scanning apparatus also, bows in four colors are different in curving direction.

Konica Minolta Business Technologies, Inc.


The present invention discloses a method and a system for authentication via a communication terminal using short messages, in order to solve the problems that the content of a short message is easy to be leaked out by a proxy SP and that the loss and delay of a short message may lead to repeating user payments. The method includes: sending, by the communication terminal to a payment system via an SP1, a short message payment request including a payee's account identifier and a payment amount; creating, by the payment system, a payment record corresponding to the request and sending verification information to the communication terminal via an SP2, the verification information including the payee's account identifier and the payment amount; replying, by the communication terminal, confirmation information to the payment system via the SP2, upon confirming that the payee's account identifier and the payment amount in the verification information are correct; and performing, by the payment system, a payment operation. The present invention uses a dual channel (SP1and SP2) asynchronous transmission mechanism. The situation where any one of the channel is illegally controlled and thus short message information is leaked out can be prevented and the user can cancel a repeated payment in confirmation of the payment.

Information security is important in many applications of services, especially in the financial field where payment security has always been an issue that draws a lot of attention. Currently, one payment method is to perform authentication via a communication terminal using short messages and then finish the payment. The method takes advantage of the great number of users of communication terminals (including cell phones, Personal Handy-phone System terminals and other devices capable of making short message interactions) and the growing number of issued bank cards. By binding a bank account or a third-party virtual account to a communication terminal, SMS (Short Messaging Service) messages can be sent via the communication terminal to a particular service number for account transfer, product purchase, etc.
Now refer to FIG. 1, which illustrates the current method for authentication via a communication terminal using short messages. First, with the short message interaction function of a communication terminal 101, a user inputs important information such as payee's account, payment amount and payment password, which is sent in a particular format to a short message interaction system 102. The short message interaction system 102 extracts key information from the received short message, including the number of the communication terminal that sent the short message, payee's account identifier, payment amount and payment password, finds a payment account with which the communication terminal number has a binding relationship, and forwards information such as the payment account identifier, payee's account identifier, payment amount and payment password to a payment system 103. The payment system 103 receives the payment request, transfers the payment amount from the payment account of the user to the payee's account after it determines that the payment password inputted by the user is correct and returns operation information to the user.
During the above procedure, the biggest challenge for short message payment via communication terminals is security. Currently, the short message interaction system 102 is normally delegated by an SP (Service Provider) and short message interactions are done in plaintext (unencrypted data format). Furthermore, short messages are to be sent in the plaintext form when the user inputs transfer information and short messages sent by the user are to be stored in the plaintext form at the user's communication terminal. Therefore, payment information of the user is at risk in the following two aspects:
The first risk occurs when the proxy SP forwards the short message. Because the content of the short message is extracted by the proxy SP end, if the proxy SP leaks important information such as the payment account identifier, payment password, payee's account identifier and payment amount to other people, a lot of damage may be done to the user. For example, someone may change the payee's account and the payment amount to his own account and a greater amount, or take money directly from the payment account using the payment password. The second risk occurs when sent short messages stored in the user's communication terminal are viewed by other people. Important information such as payment password, payee's account identifier and payment amount are also easy to be leaked out and illegally used by other people.
In addition, current short message gateways have stability issues; the loss rate and delay rate of short messages are relatively high. Once the short message indicating successful payment is not received in time, the user may initiate the transaction continuously; or when the waiting time expires, the short message system resends the message. Either of these may lead to the user paying twice, or even three times for one transaction.

Method and system for authentication via communication terminal using short message


Analysis of an electromagnetic wave traveling in an optical device, can be performed quickly and correctly. A structure forming process simulator forms an analysis structure of a physical object to be analyzed. A hybrid optical simulator calculates time-independent data and time-dependent data of an electromagnetic field by dividing the analysis structure into parts, determining whether a metallic or magnetic material is included in each of the divided parts, and selectively applying a Beam Propagation Method (BPM) or a Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method to the divided parts. A storage device stores the time-independent data and the time-dependent data output from the hybrid optical simulator as hybrid electric field data. Related methods are also described.

Various embodiments described herein relate to apparatus and methods for analyzing electromagnetic waves.
The development of computer technology has significantly changed methods of analyzing electromagnetic field problems. Engineers in the electromagnetic wave field can now depend on computer technology to analyze complicated electromagnetic field problems. Although the analysis of many electromagnetic field problems may be achieved by solving one or two partial differential equations, few problems can be substantially solved without the help of a computer. Many cases depend on a computer due to the necessity for complicated analysis, such as scattering at a complicated boundary, loss in a lossy material, or a phase retardation in an anisotropic material.

Hybrid apparatus and methods for analyzing electromagnetic waves


A method and network system for configuring connections between a plurality of network nodes, wherein each pair of network nodes is connected via virtual direct connections. The invention includes performing quality measurements of the virtual direct connections between each pair of the network nodes, and deciding, based on the results of the quality measurements, whether a virtual direct connection is to be used for conveying data or not, wherein the results of the quality measurements are transmitted to a network configuration control element which performs the deciding step.

There are a plurality of networks of different types, i.e., networks with different protocols, such as IPv4 (Internet protocol version 4) and IPv6 (Internet protocol version 6). Some of these networks are widely used, such that they cover a large area (e.g., IPv4 Internet). Other networks are only applied on isolated spots (e.g., IPv6 Internet, which is currently only used on isolated sites). It is desired to connect these isolated networks of the same type. For this connection, a "tunnel" concept has been proposed. A tunnel is a virtual link between two network nodes. That is, tunnelling works by encapsulating a protocol of the first network within packets carried by the second network. In case of IPv6 and IPv4 this means that IPv6 protocol is embedded within the IPv4 packets. Another example is Virtual Private Network (VPN). In this case, organizations are enabled to use the Internet to transmit data across the VPN. This is performed by embedding the VPN network protocol within the TCP/IP packets carried by the Internet. Hence, such tunnels are playing important roles in virtual internetworking. Heretofore, configuration of the tunnels was carried out manually, which is troublesome and requires a lot of work. To overcome the low efficiency of such a manual tunnel configuration, some automatic tunnelling approaches, such as Tunnel Broker (TB) (see, e.g., A. Durand, P. Fasano, D. Lento, "IPv6 Tunnel Broker", RFC 3053, January 2001) and 6to4 implicit stateless tunnel (see. e.g., B. Carpenter, K. Moore, "Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds", RFC 3056, February 2001), have been developed and deployed in IPv6 networking. In VPN (Virtual Private Network) techniques, tunnels combine all the nodes scattering among geographically different sites as a uniform logical network.
The connection mechanism of IPv6 domains via IPv4 clouds mentioned above is a stateless solution for automatic tunnelling IPv6 "islands" separated by IPv4 "seas", in virtue of a specified IPv6 address format. Logically, each pair of peer sites in 6to4 is connected directly in the virtual network sense, i.e. is not any IPv6 relay between the peers and the virtual network (VN) forms a full-mesh topology. As IPv6 packets are sent from each peer to another via IPv4 routers only, the performance of an IPv6 session is the same as that on the IPv4 end-to-end path between the corresponding nodes.
In the Tunnel Broker approach, the stateful broker services make the addressing flexible. However, in the Tunnel Broker system, a Tunnel Server (TS) of a relay centre for a group of Tunnel Clients is provided. Each Tunnel Client (TC) has a default route to the other part of the IPv6 world via the Tunnel Server, and each pair of Tunnel Clients must communicate via the Tunnel Server's relay definitely, even when directly tunnelling the two Tunnel Clients may be far better. Then the performance of an IPv6 session between two Tunnel Clients depends on end-to-end behaviour between the Tunnel Server to both of them.
Both methods mentioned above do not provide the capability of dynamic tunnel change according to the performance behaviour of virtual link (tunnel).
However, up to now, no existing tunnel technique includes consideration of the performance problem, i.e. matching the virtual networking process to the performance and its variation over the IPv4 infrastructure.

Dynamic tunneling peering with performance optimization


A method is disclosed for rounding and/or flattening an annular part that is out of round and/or not flat due to non-uniform internal stresses. The part is first checked for out of round and/or out of flat conditions. Out of round parts are then rounded by introducing compressive stresses into selected surface sections of the part whereby the introduced compressive stresses cause deformation of the annular part thereby rounding the annular part. Alternatively, out of round parts are rounded by relieving compressive stresses in selected surface sections of the part whereby the relieving of compressive stresses causes deformation of the annular part thereby rounding the annular part. Out of flat parts are flattened by introducing compressive stresses into selected surface sections of the part whereby the introduced compressive stresses cause deformation of the annular part thereby flattening the annular part. Alternatively, out of flat parts are rounded by relieving compressive stresses in selected end surface sections of the part whereby the relieving of compressive stresses causes deformation of the annular part thereby flattening the annular part.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for rounding and flattening hollow cylindrical parts which are out of round or are not flat due to non-uniform internal stresses.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is well known that steel parts can distort after heat treatment due to internal stresses created in the part during the heat-treat process. For instance, when a carbon steel part is quenched from above the austenitizing temperature, martensite is formed. The transformation of austenite to martensite is accompanied by an expansion in volume. As a result of the volume expansion, internal stresses are induced into the part. Any irregularities in the internal stresses can cause part distortion. In hollow cylindrical steel parts, the distortion can cause the parts to go out-of-round or cause the parts to lose flatness similar to a potato chip. The distortion is either tolerated in the application for the part or commonly the distortion is honed or ground out of the part at great expense. Thus, there is a need for a more cost effective method for rounding and flattening hollow cylindrical parts which are out of round and/or are not flat.
Methods have been proposed for straightening truck structural members. Methods have also been proposed for straightening out of true shafts. Prior methods have been used where bent heat-treated shafts are straightened by back-bending. Methods for truing out bent shafts have been used wherein forces are applied to a bent shaft in a locally limited area, whereby these forces are sufficient to locally strengthen the shaft to cause compressive residual stress in a surface layer zone of the shaft for reducing the out of true bending of the shaft.
The compressive residual stress may be generated in the surface layer zone of the bent shaft in various manners. Examples of means that have been known for achieving compressive residual stress in a surface layer zone include case hardening, induction hardening, laser beam hardening, nitridation, and deep rolling. The compressive residual stresses are induced only in a surface layer zone of the shaft such that the induced compressive residual stresses cause a corresponding deformation of the shaft. The direction of this deformation depends on which specific surface areas of the shaft have induced compressive residual stresses. It is reported that in order to achieve a desired truing effect, the compressive residual stresses should be induced in the shaft in a defined locally bounded area. This may be achieved by means of a locally limited hardening process, or by means of a locally limited deep rolling operation.
Case hardening in known methods required selective masking of the shaft to prevent surface portions of the shaft which must remain non-hardened from becoming hardened in the case hardening process. The case hardening method of hardening is both energy and labor intensive, and is therefore quite expensive. Nitridation suffers from similar drawbacks. In induction hardening, the shaft to be hardened is placed inside a coil through which a rapidly alternating current is flowing. In this method, it may also be difficult to prevent surface portions of the shaft which must remain non-hardened from becoming hardened in the induction hardening process. As such, induction hardening is also expensive and time-consuming. Deep rolling operations require complicated equipment and therefore, are also quite expensive.
Therefore, while methods have been proposed for straightening out of true shafts, there exists a need for more cost effective methods for rounding and flattening hollow cylindrical parts which are out of round and/or are not flat.

Laser rounding and flattening of cylindrical parts


The invention provides anti-FGFR4 antibodies and methods of using the same.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) comprise a family of 22 structurally related polypeptides with diverse biological activities; most of these signaling molecules function by binding to and activating their cognate receptors (FGFRs; designated FGFR1-4), a family of receptor tyrosine kinases (Eswarakumar et al., 2005; Ornitz and Itoh, 2001). These receptor-ligand interactions result in receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation, formation of complexes with membrane-associated and cytosolic accessory proteins, and initiation of multiple signaling cascades (Powers et al., 2000). The FGFR-FGF signaling system plays important roles in development and tissue repair by regulating cellular functions/processes such as growth, differentiation, migration, morphogenesis, and angiogenesis.
Alterations in FGFRs (i.e. overexpression, mutation, translocation, and truncation) are associated with a number of human cancers, including myeloma breast, stomach, colon, bladder, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinomas (Bange et al., 2002; Cappellen et al., 1999; Chesi et al., 2001; Chesi et al., 1997; Gowardhan et al., 2005; Jaakkola et al., 1993; Jang et al., 2001; Jang et al., 2000; Jeffers et al., 2002; Xiao et al., 1998). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading global causes of cancer related deaths, resulting in over half a million fatalities per year (Shariff et al., 2009). While the role of FGFR4 in cancer remains to be fully elucidated, several findings suggest that this receptor may be an important player in HCC development and/or progression. FGFR4 is the predominant FGFR isoform present in human hepatocytes (Kan et al., 1999); we have also previously reported that liver tissue has the highest transcript levels of FGFR4 (Lin et al., 2007). In addition to FGFR4 being overexpressed in liver carcinomas (as well as several other types of human tumors), several missense genetic alterations have been observed in HCC patient samples; notably, a highly frequent G388R single nucleotide polymorphism in FGFR4 (associated with reduced survival for head and neck carcinoma, as well as a more aggressive phenotype for colon, soft tissue, prostate, and breast carcinomas) was identified (Ho et al., 2009). Furthermore, it has been previously demonstrated that ectopic expression of FGF19 (i.e. FGFR4-specific ligand) in mice promotes hepatocyte proliferation, hepatocellular dysplasia, and neoplasia (Nicholes et al., 2002).
It is clear that there continues to be a need for agents that have clinical attributes that are optimal for development as therapeutic agents. The invention described herein meets this need and provides other benefits.
All references cited herein, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Anti-FGFR4 antibodies and methods of use


The invention is a method of determining a set temperature profile of a method of controlling respective substrate temperatures of plurality of groups in accordance with respective corresponding set temperature profiles. The invention includes a first heat processing step of controlling respective substrate temperatures of a plurality of groups in accordance with respective predetermined provisional set temperature profiles for first-batch substrates that are classified into the plurality of groups, and of introducing a process gas to conduct a heat process to form films on the substrates; a first film-thickness measuring step of measuring a thickness of the films formed on the substrates; and a first set-temperature-profile amending step of respectively amending the provisional set temperature profiles based on the measured thickness, in such a manner that a thickness of films formed during a heat process is substantially the same between the plurality of groups.

For a semiconductor-device manufacturing process, as one of units that carry out a heat process to a semiconductor wafer (hereafter, a wafer) as a substrate, there is a vertical type of thermal processing unit that carries out a batch process. The unit holds many wafers in a tier-like manner with a wafer holder, which is called a wafer boat or the like, and transfers the holder into a vertical heat-processing furnace to conduct a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process or an oxidation process.
When a wafer undergoes a heat process by means of the thermal processing unit, ununiformity may arise in a condition of the heat process within a surface of the same wafer or between a plurality of wafers. As a result, unevenness in thickness distribution of a film formed by the heat process may be generated within a surface of the same processed wafer or between a plurality of processed wafers.
It is ideal that there is a uniform state in the thermal processing unit in order to uniformly conduct a heat process to a plurality of wafers. However, it is difficult to always make a state in the thermal processing unit uniform with respect to both time and space.
Therefore, it is necessary to precisely control the thermal processing unit in order to conduct a heat process to a plurality of wafers under a more uniform condition.
The present invention has been made to solve such a problem and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of determining a control condition for uniformly conducting a heat process to a plurality of wafers by means of a thermal processing unit.
In addition, in a conventional heat processing unit, a stabilization time is required to make a temperature of a substrate stable, for a purpose of conducting a heat process uniformly within a surface of the substrate. Thus, it takes a long time to conduct the heat process by the stabilization time, so that the throughput is deteriorated.
The present invention has been made to solve such a problem and it is an object of the present invention to provide a heat processing unit that can carry out a heat process uniformly within a surface of a substrate even if the stabilization time is shortened.

Determining method of thermal processing condition


An apparatus for an electro-fluidic flow probe includes a body portion including an electro-fluidic bias tee for receiving (i) a fluid electrolyte and (ii) an electrical connection for providing an electrical potential to the fluid electrolyte; a first inlet including a tube extending from the first inlet to an outlet through the electro-fluidic bias tee; and a second inlet including the electrical connection having a wire that extends from the second inlet to the outlet through the electro-fluidic bias tee to transfer the electrical potential to a device under test.

The present invention is related to wet wafer-level testing, more particularly the testing of a chip on a wafer using an electro-fluidic flow probe.
An increasing number of silicon and carbon based wafer manufacturing is now directed to taking place in liquid. It is desired to have a cost-effective and efficient method for such testing.
Wet wafer-level testing is generally carried out on chip level, which means a test is performed on each chip after dicing, bonding, encapsulation, and mounting. Wafers are thin, circular slices of doped silicon from which integrated circuits or its semiconductor devices are built. The testing can be done to select and determine the non-usable chips in the wafer. The dicing, bonding, encapsulation, and packaging costs can be the essential part of the total production costs and can be considered wasted for the non-functional or usable chips. This method is time consuming and can take approximately ten minutes per chip resulting in high manufacturing costs. There is a need for wet wafer-level testing to identify defects in the earlier stages of production so that substantial costs are not used on non-usable chips. The present invention describes an apparatus, method, and system to perform wafer-level testing of chips in liquid media in a more cost-effective and efficient manner.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION


Methods and systems to convert scalar computer program loops having loop carried dependences to vector computer program loops are disclosed. One example method and system generates a first predicate set associated with a first conditionally executed statement. The first predicate set contains a first set of predicates that cause a variable to be defined in a scalar computer program loop at or before the variable is defined by the first conditionally executed statement. The method and system also generates a second predicate set associated with the first conditionally executed statement. The second predicate set contains a second set of predicates that cause the variable to be used in the scalar computer program loop at or before the variable is defined by the first conditionally executed statement. The method and system determines whether the second predicate set is a subset of the first predicate set and, based on the determination, propagates a vector value in an element of a vector of the variable to a subsequent element of the vector.

Many modern day computer systems employ computer program vectorization technologies, such as optimizing computer program code compilers to vectorize scalar computer programs. Vectorization involves converting scalar computer program loops that operate on a scalar variable(s)/operand(s) representing a single numerical value to vector computer program loops that operate on a vector variable(s)/operand(s) representing a set of numerical values (e.g., a vector of "k" elements includes "k" values). Conventional compilers use simple variable expansion (i.e., replacing scalar program variables with vector program variables) to perform vectorization on scalar computer program loops that do not have loop-carried dependences.
Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawing(s) and accompany written description to refer to the same or like parts.

Methods and systems to vectorize scalar computer program loops having loop-carried dependences


A motor-vehicle door latch has a latching element movable between a latched position retaining a door bolt and an unlatched position releasing the door bolt, and a locking pawl engageable with the element and displaceable between a locked position retaining the latching element and an unlocked position freeing the element. A planetary-gear drive has a reversible electric motor, a sun gear rotatable by the motor, a planet carrier, at least one planet gear meshing with the sun gear and carried on the carrier, and a ring gear meshing with the planet gear. A locking lever is displaceable by a locking element and by the planet carrier between a locked position and an unlocked position and a coupling element is displaceable between a coupling position engaged between the locking pawl and locking lever for coupling the locking pawl and lever together. An antitheft element is displaceable by the ring gear between an antitheft-on position engageable with the coupling element and retaining same in the uncoupling position and an antitheft-off position. Structure coupled to the antitheft element arrests the planet carrier in the antitheft-on position of the antitheft element. A releasable coupling is provided between the antitheft element and the ring gear for joint movement of the antitheft element and ring gear. The locking lever coupled to the antitheft element displaces of the antitheft element from the antitheft-on position to the antitheft-off position by the locking lever when the locking lever is actuated with sufficient force to release the coupling.

A motor-vehicle door latch according to commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 5,474,338 has a housing, a latching element movable in the housing between a latched position retaining a door bolt and an unlatched position releasing the door bolt, and a locking pawl engageable in the housing with the element and displaceable between a locked position retaining the latching element in the latched position and an unlocked position allowing the latching element to move into the unlatched position. Power actuation is effected by a planetary-gear drive in the housing centered on an axis and including a reversible electric motor, a sun gear rotatable by the motor about the axis, at least one planet gear meshing with the sun gear and orbitable about the axis, a planet carrier rotatable about the axis and carrying the planet gear, and a ring gear meshing with the planet gear and rotatable about the axis. A locking lever is displaceable in the housing by a locking element--a lock button or lock cylinder--and by the planet carrier between a locked position and an unlocked position and a coupling element is displaceable in the housing between a coupling position engaged between the locking pawl and locking lever for coupling the locking pawl and lever together for joint movement from the unlocked to the locked position and a uncoupling position permitting the locking lever to move between its position without moving the locking pawl. An antitheft element is displaceable in the housing by the sun gear between an antitheft-on position engageable with the coupling element and retaining same in the uncoupling position and an antitheft-off position permitting the coupling element to move between its positions. Structure in the housing coupled to the antitheft element arrests the planet carrier in the antitheft-on position of the antitheft element.
The problem with this system is that in the event of a power failure or some problem with the central-lock system, it is possible for the latch to be left in the antitheft-on position. In this case the latch is very difficult to open.


This invention is directed to a heat recovery type combustion apparatus which has a regeverative member of ceramic material attached to the lateral wall of the main body of the combustion apparatus, a rotary duct set in place and adapted to communicate with the regeverative member, an air conduit for allowing flow of combustion air and an exhaust gas conduit for allowing flow of exhaust gas arising from combustion of fuel in the combustion apparatus both formed in the interior of the rotary duct, and rotary means adapted to rotate the rotary duct and enable the combustion air to be heated with the exhaust gas through the medium of the regeverative member.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a heat recovery type combustion apparatus which is configured to utilize the heat of exhaust gas arising from combustion for heating the air to be used for combustion.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the combustion apparatuses which are used in such industry grade furnaces as forging furnaces, normalizing furnaces, and refining furnaces and such steam-generation purpose heating apparatus for turbines, the heat recovery type combustion apparatuses which are configured to utilize the heat of exhaust gas emanating from combustion for heating the air to be used for the combustion have been enjoying prevalent acceptance.
The recuperator which is used in these combustion apparatuses is generally provided with a specific heat exchanger interposed between an exhaust gas line and a combustion air line which are closely disposed to each other and, therefore,, is enabled to exchange heat between the air and the exhaust gas flowing through the two lines and utilize the heat of the exhaust gas resulting from combustion for heating the air to be used for the combustion. The heat which is recovered by means of this recuperator is about 50% in point of temperature level. In the case of an industry grade furnace which gives rise to exhaust gas of a temperature of 1,200 C., for example, the combustion air which has exchanged heat with the exhaust gas has a temperature of about 600 C.
The recupterator is heavily restricted in point of not only material for the construction thereof but also space for the installation thereof. It possibly occupies more floor space than the main body of a furnace or a heating apparatus.
Recently, the present inventor has proposed a combustion apparatus (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 222,102/1989) which is configured as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10.
This combustion apparatus 100 is provided with a burner 112 for heating a substance W subjected to the heating inside the main body R of a furnace. In the wall of the furnace near the burner 112 is disposed a regenerative member 122 made of an air-pervious ceramic material, with a cylindrical shape and to be partitioned to the pattern of a honeycomb. This regeverative member 122 absorbs the heat of the hot exhaust gas when this exhaust gas is discharged from within the main body R and allows this heat for heating the combustion air which is passing through an air conduit 119. The supply of the heat to the combustion air is continued by causing the regeverative member 122 by a motor M through the medium of a rotary shaft 123.
However, since this combustion apparatus 100 must rotate the regeverative member 122 exposed to the interior of the main body R which is destined to rise to a high temperature, it is required either to interpose between the rotary shaft 123 and the motor M heat-insulating means capable of intercepting the heat transmitted from the regeverative member 122 via the rotary shaft 123 to the motor M or to set the motor M at a position so distant as to disrupt the thermal effect of the regeverative member 122. The provision of these means adds to the size of the combustion apparatus 100 or complicates the whole configuration thereof.
Further, the regeverative member 122 of this combustion apparatus 100 remains at an elevated temperature while in service and at a low temperature while out of service and alternates expansion and shrinkage in spite of the ceramic material thereof. When the regeverative member made of the ceramic material which alternates expansion and shrinkage as described above must be rotated, it is allowed a desired increase in size only with difficulty. A combustion apparatus with a large capacity for combustion which consumes the combustion air and discharges the exhaust gas both in huge volumes, therefore, is not easily attained.
Further, the regeverative apparatus which alternates expansion and shrinkage and, at the same time, rotates renders it difficult to set the burner in place at the center thereof. It, therefore, has the disadvantage in that the burner and the air conduit are separated from each other, the flexibility with which the size, sharpness, etc. of a flame emitted from the burner are controlled is degraded, and the capacity for control or versatility dwindles. Though various electrical control devices may be used for the purpose of improving the controllability of the burner, for example, the use of these devices is not desirable because they increase the cost of the apparatus as a whole.


A process certifies an interaction between a user and an Organization. A Company WEB server requests an acquisition system (WIAS) generate a new redirection URL address (F-URL), simultaneously with sending a pre-redirected HTML form, the (F-URL) pointing to a gateway for verifying in the request the presence of a TOKEN/COOKIE indicating instantiation of a dedicated acquisition memory-storage on the server. If the TOKEN/COOKIE is not present the dedicated acquisition memory-storage is instantiated in the server and the certified acquisition step is started. Upon completion of the step for certified acquisition of the interaction the request of the user is again directed to the original URL address (O-URL), with confirmation of the acceptance to the user, the application of a time mark and an identification symbol, obtaining a certification having legal proof value, sent to a device for storing legal proof certifications.

This invention relates to the technological field concerning telematic interaction between users and companies or organizations. More specifically, the invention relates to a process configured for interacting with a system for data exchange and acquisition of requests from the user, in order to certify the interactions which have actually occurred.
The quantity of multimedia operations currently performed is enormous and constantly growing. During the phenomenon known as digitization of events and documents, a rapid transformation is occurring of the first from factual (meetings between physical persons) to virtual (teleconferences, access to social media, blogs, content sharing platforms, etc.) and of the second from hardcopy (documents, correspondence, etc.) to electronic (files, emails, etc.).
It is often the case that a Company, during the actuation of many processes, is involved in bilateral interactions with an end user, for example, but not only, in the field of e-commerce, which is now very widespread, or with the platforms which sell services by means of on-line agreements.
This results in critical situations when the Company finds itself having to prove that a certain interaction, by which the end user has undertaken an obligation or has committed itself in any way or has made an agreement such that the Company can implement actions even on behalf of the user or in some way aimed at the user, has actually taken place.
For example, a user could sign up to an on-line subscription with a service provider or give authorization that its data is diffused and used for promotional, advertising or retail initiatives.
By using the generic technologies which are currently available, the certification of an interaction which has occurred between the user and a WEB platform with which certain agreements have been made between the later and the Company owning the platform may be difficult, also because the registrations on the servers used for activating the services provided by the platform do not have an enormous legal value and can easily be the subject of objections and disputes in the context of a legal process.
On the other hand, systems exist which certify the interactions, for example in the banking and financial sector, giving proof of the desire of the user with respect to the transactions which have occurred, but, apart from the high costs, these systems involve complex processes which penalize the activity of the end user on the platform and can discourage the continuation, with the risk of losing it.
The desire of the Company is, on the other hand, that of more actively involving the user, rendering the receipt of the proposals simple and inviting, without tortuous paths and without repeated requests for confirmation and insertion of security codes.
There is therefore a need to provide a tool which allows the certification of successful interactions in an efficient but simple manner and without directly involving the user, but on the basis of its explicit actions.

Process for legal certification of successful interaction


A lens mount for a strip lens is provided, in which the strip lens can be deformed substantially perpendicular to its optical axis, in order to linearize the imaging of a beam scanning over the strip lens. The lens mount includes a slotted distance strip, a support strip and a base plate. The support strip is rigidly connected to the strip lens via the distance strip that has only a very low bending stiffness and can be deformed relative to the base plate by means of adjusting screws, whereby the strip lens can be deformed. By inserting a distance strip, the installation space that is required for the lens mount is essentially moved away from the optical axis in order to provide, for example, installation space for adjacent optical or mechanical components.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an adjustable lens mount for a strip lens, in particular in the form of a long, thin cylindrical lens, as used in scan objective lenses in laser material processing and in the printing industry.
2. Description of the Background Art
The strip lens generally forms the last optical imaging element within an optical arrangement, which focuses the laser beam that passes over the strip lens in a scanning fashion in the direction of the longitudinal extent thereof (scan direction) in an image plane, in which the workpiece to be processed is arranged.
The scan line described by the focus on the workpiece theoretically is a straight line in this case; however, in practice, it deviates from an ideal straight line in the direction of the relative motion between the scan line and the workpiece (cross-scan direction), perpendicular to the scan direction, as a result of tolerances of the components involved in the imaging. In order to keep these deviations within a tolerance limit, it is known to deform the strip lens over the longitudinal extent thereof perpendicular to the optical axis thereof by applying forces at points and thereby linearize the scan line.
Compared to conventional rotationally symmetric lenses, a cylindrical lens is distinguished in term of its design by virtue of the fact that it has an unchanging cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal extent thereof over the whole length thereof and therefore has a constant thickness (extent in the direction of the optical axis). Provided that it is comparatively long and thin, this peculiarity makes it predestined to manipulate the beam imaging in order to linearize the scan line described by the focus by an adjustment via a targeted local deformation in the sub-micrometer range which can be effected with an equally long travel at each point along the length.
In order to provide mechanical stability to a long and thin strip lens, it is conventional for the strip lens to be cohesively applied to a support strip along a joining area, even before the final treatment of its optically active surface. The support strip then remains permanently connected to the strip lens.
In order to enable a deformability of the strip lens, the support strip must be correspondingly deformable with the available adjustment forces or adjustment paths; this is achieved by selecting a flexural strength of the support strip optimized for this, by the choice of material with a suitable Young's modulus and a geometric moment of inertia of the support strip correlated thereto, which is determined by the dimensions thereof, more particularly the thickness.
In accordance with the conventional art, such a support strip is designed to be wider than the required joining area is wide, by means of which joining area the strip lens is fixedly connected to the support strip, in order to provide a sufficiently wide assembly surface on the side opposite to the joining area, on which assembly surface a multiplicity of set screws can engage along the longitudinal extent of the support strip in order to affix the latter in adjustable fashion with respect to a rigid mounting plate.
FIG. 1 illustrates a lens mount with strip lens, as known from the prior art. What is shown is a perspective view with a scale of 1:2 and two sectional illustrations (not to scale).
The lens mount essentially has an elongate support strip 1 with a joining area on which a strip lens 5 can be applied over the whole length thereof and a rigid mounting plate 2, which is provided on the free side of the support strip 1 lying opposite to the joining area. The mounting plate 2 is slightly longer than the support strip 1 and, along the length thereof, has a row of alternately arranged recessed through holes 3.1 and end-to-end threaded bores 3.2. At the ends, the support strip 1 and the mounting plate 2 are assembled at a predetermined adjustment spacing from one another on lateral holders 6, by means of which the lens mount can be attached to a reference surface 10, which is for example provided on a housing of a scanning objective lens.
First set screws 4.1, preferably cylinder head screws, are inserted into the through holes 3.1 and engage into provided threaded drill holes (referred to below as bores 8 provided with a thread to facilitate a distinction) at the free outer surface of the support strip 1. Differentiated tightening of individual first set screws 4.1, which can thereby be adjusted by a differentiated travel, renders it possible locally to pull the support strip 1 toward the mounting plate 2 to a greater or lesser extent.
Second set screws 4.2, preferably set screws with ball terminals, are inserted into the end-to-end threaded bores 3.2 and these butt against the free outer surface of the support strip 1. Differentiated tightening of individual second set screws 4.2 renders it possible locally to push the support strip 1 away from the mounting plate 2 to a greater or lesser extent.
By means of targeted manipulation of the first and second set screws 4.1, 4.2, it is possible to deform the support strip 1, and hence the strip lens 5 fixedly connected to the support strip 1, in a wave-shaped fashion in the sub-micrometer range in the cross-scan direction (CSR).
A disadvantage of the above-described lens mount is the installation space required for this directly adjacent to the strip lens 5. In the illustrated section A-A, it is clearly possible to see that the support strip 1 clearly extends beyond the thickness of the strip lens 5 in the direction of the optical axis, which is the same as the cross-scan direction (CSR). As a result, it is not possible to arrange a further optical or mechanical component in this region.
As a result of the usually very short focal lengths of cylindrical lenses, there often is the need to arrange further optical and mechanical components in the vicinity of the cylindrical lens embodied as strip lens 5, which is why it is disadvantageous if the installation space required for the lens mount, which directly adjoins the strip lens 5, extends beyond the thickness of the strip lens 5.
Moreover, the support strip 1 can undesirably restrict the beam path.
In order to ensure an adjustment of the strip lens 5 after the lens mount has been installed in an optical arrangement, the mechanical connection between the mounting plate 2 and a reference surface 10 can only be brought about via lateral holders 6 in order to enable access to the set screws 4.1, 4.2. Such an attachment assumes particularly high flexural strength of the mounting plate 2.


A printer/processor for performing printing processes on both piece negatives taken out of a negative sheet and an elongate negative film. This printer/processor includes a negative sheet loader (2a) for receiving the negative sheet (10) containing the piece negatives (NP), a handling device (6) for drawing the piece negatives out of the negative sheet, an elongate negative film inlet (2c) for receiving the elongate negative film NF, a transport line (130) extending to an exposing section (110), and a branching device (8) selectively movable between a first position to form a passage for connecting the handling device and the transport line, and a second position to form a passage for connecting the elongate negative film inlet and the transport line.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a printer/processor for performing printing processes on both piece negatives taken out of a negative sheet and an elongate negative film.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, a negative film used in taking pictures with a camera is brought to a photo processing agent for simultaneous printing. At a developing laboratory, the negative film is developed and image frames rendered visible are printed on printing paper. The prints and the developed negative film are handed over from the photo processing agent to the customer. Prior to this, the negative film is cut into piece negatives each having four or six frames, and individual piece negatives are put into separate pocket-like holders formed between the front and back sheets of a negative sheet. When ordering additional prints, the customer fills in a predetermined form with reorder information such as positions of the image frames to be printed and the numbers of prints required, and brings the negative sheet containing the piece negatives along with the filled form to the photo processing agent. The photo processing agent sends the reorder information and the negative sheet received from this customer to the developing laboratory. An operator at the laboratory takes the piece negatives to be printed out of the negative sheet, and sets the piece negatives to a loading section of a printer/processor to carry out a required printing process. Subsequently, the piece negatives are discharged from the printer/processor, and operator inserts the piece negatives back into the negative sheet. This additional printing (reorder) process is performed as an interrupt process to suspend a simultaneous printing process on an elongate negative film wound on a film reel. The reorder process is a troublesome operation requiring manual handling of the piece negatives by the operator to take the piece negatives out of the negative sheet to be used for additional prints, and to put the piece negatives back into the negative sheet. Thus, the larger number of reorder processes results in the lower operating rate of the printer/processor.