The present invention relates to a method for disinfection involving an antimicrobial composition. It particularly relates to an antimicrobial method for personal cleaning, oral care or hard surface cleaning applications. It was found that compositions comprising thymol, acyclic terpene alcohols and a carrier provide synergistic antimicrobial action in a method for disinfection. In a preferred aspect the composition also comprises 1 to 80%-wt of one or more surfactants.

Sanitising and disinfecting soap or cleaning compositions are of great benefit to individuals, since proper use generally may reduce the number of germs and pathogens the individual is exposed to. Thus, such compositions and methods involving such compositions may for instance play an important role in reducing the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases.
Sanitising and disinfecting soap compositions comprising chlorine-based antimicrobial agents such as triclosan are known. Such compositions require a rather long contact time to provide efficacious antimicrobial action. In practice, users, in particular children, do not spend a long time on cleansing and as a result cleaning with such compositions does not provide adequate prevention from surface or topical infection or adequate protection against diseases. The user, in spite of cleaning his hands, is generally likely to end up with relatively inadequate bacterial removal from his skin. Therefore, he may cause contamination of further animate and/or inanimate surfaces, and contribute to the spreading of pathogens and consequent diseases. Users in general and children in particular who wash contaminated hands before meals with slow-acting antimicrobial compositions for relatively short time are at risk of contracting diseases.
Similarly in the area of hard surface cleaning, e.g. cleaning of floors, table tops or utensils, the antimicrobial actives in the compositions are in contact with the substrate for less than a few minutes after which the surface is either wiped off or rinsed with water. These short time scales of cleaning action are ineffective in providing the desired benefit since most known antimicrobials commonly used in such products take many minutes to hours to provide the desired kill of microbes.
Therefore, there is a need of providing a method involving a composition that—upon application—provides relatively more efficacious antimicrobial action during a relatively short cleaning period, preferably about 30 seconds or less, and more preferably about 15 seconds or less.
A well-established class of antimicrobially active compounds are phenolic compounds [P A Goddard and K A McCue in "Disinfection, Sterilisation and Preservation", ed, S S Block 5th edition, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2001 pp, 255-282]. However, not every phenolic compound is suitable as an antimicrobial agent. Moreover, many phenols—even if they are antimicrobially active—may exhibit undesirable side-effects, such as corrosiveness, malodour and irritating or sensitising effects when applied on the human or animal skin.
A particular problem of thymol is that its presence in a formulation is generally well-perceptible due to its olfactory properties. Although the latter may—at least to some extent—be appreciated in certain fragrance compositions, it is considered too intense by some users when applied at concentrations efficacious in rapid disinfection. Additionally, a lower concentration of odoriferous compounds including thymol or the availability of antimicrobial compounds that are less or not odoriferous allows greater flexibility to the manufacturer in providing alternative scents to his composition at lower doses. Hence there is a need to provide alternative antimicrobial compositions and methods that preferably require lower concentrations of thymol and/or have a more acceptable sensory profile.
WO 2010/046238 A1 describes an effective antimicrobial composition which provides rapid kill of pathogenic bacteria and which comprises 0.01 to 5% by weight of thymol, 0.01 to 5% by weight of terpineol and a carrier. WO 2010/046238 A1 also discloses a method for rapidly disinfecting a surface including the step of applying the above composition to the surface.
WO 06/053458 is directed at providing bactericidal formulations containing perfume ingredients that have a rapid bactericidal effect against Gram-negative and preferably also against Gram-positive bacteria and a method for providing these formulations. The document discloses a formulation comprising (a) at least 0.2% (w/v) of one or more selected perfume ingredients, (b) 4% to 20% (w/v) of a hydrotrope and (c) 0.1% to 9% (w/v) of one or more selected surfactants. It also discloses that certain perfume ingredients have a rapid (30 s) bactericidal effect on gram-negative bacteria.
FR 2 697 133 discloses biocidal and/or biostatic compositions, comprising mono-oxygenated sesquiterpenes of general formula C15HxO, wherein x is between 20 and 26 and aromatic compounds.
WO 01/79409 discloses a process of disinfecting a hard surface with a composition comprising cinnamon oil and/or an active thereof. Preferably, the composition comprises a ternary essential oil and/or active thereof system consisting of cinnamon oil and/or an active thereof, a first additional essential oil and/or active thereof, preferably thymol; and a second additional essential oil and/or active thereof, preferably geraniol.
WO 2008/035101 discloses a disinfectant emulsion composition having a continuous phase having dissolved therein a first antimicrobial agent and a discontinuous phase having dissolved therein a second antimicrobial agent. A method of cleansing the hands of a human subject with the emulsion is also disclosed.
Despite the general availability of antimicrobial compounds, compositions, and methods, there remains a continuous need to find alternative antimicrobial methods, and compositions and/or active compounds that are suitable for use in such methods, In particular, alternative methods providing fast antimicrobial action remain highly desirable in view of current consumer habits. In case such alternatives are based on alternative compositions, they may reduce the dependency on current raw materials. Moreover, in the field of antimicrobials, the availability of alternatives may reduce the risk of development of microbial resistance or insensitivity to particular antimicrobial compounds.
In addition, there is a continued need to reduce the total amount of active ingredients required in such an antimicrobial composition for use in an antimicrobial method. This need may for instance be driven by the desire for cost-efficiency, because such compositions are particularly relevant to developing countries. Moreover, reducing the amounts may also be beneficial for environmental reasons. In view of the above-observed problems and drawbacks of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for sanitising and/or disinfecting, in particular of surfaces.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for disinfection with a reduced disinfection time. More specifically, it is an object of the invention to provide a method, wherein the disinfection time of the method is less than 300 seconds, preferably less than 60 seconds, and more preferably less than 15 seconds.
In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a method for disinfection that gives improved disinfection during cleansing of surfaces, in particular hard surfaces, or surfaces of the human body; such as the skin and the oral cavity.
It is another object of the invention to provide a method for disinfection requiring an antimicrobial composition involving a lower dose of antimicrobial compounds.
Similarly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for disinfection requiring an antimicrobial composition in which the olfactory contribution of the antimicrobially active compounds is reduced or in which the active compound contributes to providing a consumer-acceptable or even consumer-appreciated scent.


A valve operating mechanism is described for an internal combustion engine in which at least one valve (14) of an engine cylinder is operated by two cams (10,12). The cams (10,12) have respective cam followers (38,36) which are resiliently biased to remain in contact with the cams (10,12) at all times and which act on the valve (14) by way of a summation linkage (20,24) in such a manner that the displacement of the valve (14) at any instant is determined by a combination of the displacements of the two cam followers (38,36). In the invention, movement of each of the two cam followers (38,36) is transmitted to the summation linkage (20,24) by way of a respective one of two pushrods (28,30).

EP 1426569 discloses such a valve operating system having overhead cams and the relative phasing of the two cams is used to adjust, amongst other things, valve event duration.
The aim of the present invention is to implement such a system in a pushrod engine (i.e. an engine in which the cams are arranged within the engine cylinder block) where movement of the cam followers is transmitted to the valves through pushrods and rockers.
The difficulty that such a valve operating system presents when using pushrods is that there is inevitably a significant clearance in the system when a valve is closed and both of its cam followers are on the base circles of their respective cams. Steps must therefore be taken to ensure that the pushrods always remain within their sockets in the cam followers and in the valve operating rockers.


A water dispersible coating composition for fat-fried foods contains a starch, a stabilizing agent, an acid salt and a leavening agent. The improvement is the use of a combination of at least one modified cornstarch and rice flour, in respective weight proportions of about 10:1 to 1:1, as the starch. The composition may also contain a dextrin, a high amylose starch, modified potato starch and a vegetable oil. The composition is dispersed in an aqueous medium having from about 20 to 90 weight percent of the composition for application to a food prior to fat frying.

A difficult problem in the art is that of prolonging the serving time for fat-fried foods, and particularly deep fat-fried foods. The serving time after frying such foods varies with the particular food, but generally speaking, the serving time is quite short. While the difficulties engendered with serving time differs somewhat from fried food to fried food, generally common to all of the fried foods is that with prolonged serving time, i.e. the time between frying and serving, the fried foods lose the desired texture. In fried chicken, for example, the chicken, after some prolonged time between frying and serving (serving time), e.g. 10 minutes, will have a somewhat oily and dry taste. Fried seafood, e.g. shrimp, scallops and the like, develop something of a soggy taste, texture and mouth feel with prolonged serving time. Vegetables, e.g. mushrooms, become limp. However, probably French fried potatoes deteriorate more rapidly with prolonged serving time than any other fried food. The deterioration causes the French fried potatoes to not only have an oily and dry taste, but the potatoes also become somewhat limp, as opposed to the fresh potato taste and crispness of the freshly fried potatoes.
The serving time becomes quite critical in many food preparation operations, for example, in fast food restaurants, institutional kitchens and the like. In fast food restaurants, in order to provide such fast service, it is necessary to prepare some of the foods prior to being ordered, and the serving time therefor becomes critical for customer satisfaction. In institutional kitchens and the like, there is always a time lag between preparation of the food and transportation of that food to the consumer.
The art has long struggled with methods, coatings and compositions for prolonging the serving time. These vary with the particular foods involved, but, generally, all of these approaches are toward some protective coating or treatment which will slow the deterioration of the texture and taste of the food after frying. French fried potatoes have been a very difficult problem for the art since certain coatings and the like may be relatively successful for other foods, but when applied to French fried potatoes, those coatings fall far short of desirability.
The reasons for loss of texture and taste of such fried foods have never been clear in the art. Some investigators have asserted that oil infusion into the fried foods is responsible, while others have asserted that loss of moisture from the fried foods is responsible. Most likely, both are responsible for the loss of texture and taste.
Generally speaking, the art has concentrated on water dispersible coating compositions for such fried foods which contain a starch, a stabilizing agent, an acid salt and a leavening agent. The starch, during frying, is presumed to be converted to something of an oil and moisture barrier. The stabilizing agent provides a stable dispersion of the starch in an aqueous medium for applying the coating to the food, and the acid salt is used to prevent discoloration, particularly in regard to French fried potatoes, and may function as part of a leavening system. A leavening agent is used to provide a somewhat crispy texture.
However, the prior art approaches have not been entirely satisfactory, especially for French fried potatoes, since it is quite common for French fried potatoes for use by fast food restaurants and institutional kitchens to be partially fried (parfried) in hot oil and then quick frozen for shipment to the user. This allows a very quick frying of the potatoes in hot oil by the user, e.g. a fast food restaurant. During the time period from parfrying and freezing by the manufacturer to refrying (finish frying) by the user, even in the frozen condition, there is opportunity for residual oil from the parfrying and moisture in the food to pass through the coating. Thus, when the refrying (finish frying) is achieved, by the ultimate user, there is already a certain amount of oil infusion and moisture loss associated with the potatoes, and the additional oil infusion into and the moisture loss from the potatoes during finish frying and during the serving time can make the serving time quite short. Similar parfrying and freezing takes place with other foods designed for fast food restaurants and institutional use, e.g. chicken, seafood, vegetables, etc.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,424,591, issued on Jan. 28, 1969, it is pointed out that potatoes have a variable chemical and physical composition, e.g. the amount of reducing sugars, moisture, solids, protein, carbohydrate, etc., and that a sugar, such as dextrose or glucose, is often used in coatings for the potatoes to avoid the affects of some of that variation by providing a richer color to the fried potatoes. It is also pointed out that calcium lactate can be used as a stiffening agent to improve the physical appearance and plate life (serving time). To avoid these problems, that patent suggests treating the potatoes with a chemically modified natural hydrocolloid to form a thin coating or film on the potato surface prior to deep fat frying. Particularly recommended is alkyl cellulose ether as the hydrocolloid, and particularly those which form thermally reversible gels in aqueous solution, such as methylcellulose.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,751,268, issued on Aug. 7, 1973, recognizes the same problem with serving time of French fried potatoes and points out that prior attempts include coating the potatoes before frying with gelatinized starch solution of either a modified or unmodified starch, but that practice has proved ineffective. The patent suggests coating the potatoes with ungelatinized unmodified high amylose starch having an amylose content above 50%. In this regard, the patent points out that it is intended that the starches have a pure amylose content of more than 50% and the starches have undergone no physical or chemical treatment to change the properties of the refined native starch.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,551,340, issued on Nov. 5, 1985, again addresses the problem of French fried potatoes and suggests that the potatoes be wetted with an aqueous suspension of a film-forming hydrocolloid, glucose polymer, most preferable potato starch, which has not been pregelatinized. It is said that that hydrocolloid film functions not only to minimize oil absorption but also to control moisture loss during frying and in oven reheating.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,616, issued on Apr. 2, 1991, describes a process for preparing improved French fried potatoes for subsequent reheating in a microwave oven where the potatoes are toasted with potato granules to provide a thin coating of toasted potato granules which adheres to the surface of the potato strips. After the potato strips are blanched (described more fully hereinafter), the potatoes are dust coated with the potato granules. Thus, the protective coating is a potato starch.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,435, issued Oct. 22, 1991, addresses the same problem and reviews the prior art in connection with the coatings. Particularly, that patent addresses the ungelatinized modified high amylose starch described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,751,268, discussed above, but suggests a different coating. The patent suggests a coating comprising a combination of chemically modified ungelatinized potato starch, chemically modified ungelatinized cornstarch, and rice flour. It is stated in that patent that the potato starch in the composition functions to produce optimal results. Particularly, it is said that raw potato starch which has been modified through known chemical cross-linking processes produces an optimal coating, since it minimizes sticking or clumping of the strips during processing and coats the potato strips evenly. It is further said that the combination of the ungelatinized potato starch, modified ungelatinized cornstarch, and rice flour is important, since the potato starch and cornstarch contribute crispness to the coating since they are not gelatinized prior to parfrying, and the rice flour provides tenderness to the finished product.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,410, issued on Apr. 12, 1994, reports that the prior approaches for French fried potatoes by using gums, high amylose starches and other hydrocolloids have not fulfilled expectations and suggests coating the potatoes before parfrying with an aqueous solution of the hydrolyzed starch product such as dextrin or maltodextrin.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,393,552, issued on Feb. 28, 1995, is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,410 and suggests the same coating but used in a variation of the process.
Accordingly, the art has long struggled toward providing an acceptable coating for fat-fried foods, especially deep fat-fried foods, which will prolong the serving time, but as the prior art discussed above illustrates, the art has not produced a satisfactory coating, and many different approaches have been used in efforts to solve the problem of prolonged serving time. It would, therefore, be of distinct advantage to the art to provide a coating for fried foods, particularly French fried potatoes, which allows a much longer serving time while yet retaining the fresh fried appearance, texture and taste.

Water dispersible coating composition for fat-fried foods


An electrolyte with high ion conductivity, a process for producing the same and a battery using the same, and a compound for the electrolyte. The electrolyte is set between a negative electrode and a positive electrode. The electrolyte includes a first polymer compound, a second polymer compound and light metal salt. The first polymer compound has a three-dimensional network structure formed by bridging bridgeable compounds with the bridge groups, which contributes to the high mechanical intensity of the electrolyte. The second polymer compound has no bridge groups and dissolves light metal salt. Each of the first and the second polymer compounds has an ether bond. The first and the second polymer compounds form a semi-interpenetrating polymer network, and achieve higher ion conductivity than that of each polymer compound.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an electrolyte containing a polymer compound and light metal salt, a process for producing the same and a battery using the same, and a electrolyte compound.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, portable electric products, such as a camcorder (video tape recorder), a cellular phone, and a laptop computer, are spreading quickly. Such electric products require even higher performance of their electrochemistry devices.
Conventionally, in electrochemistry devices such as a secondary battery, liquid electrolyte solution, such as water and organic solvent, have been used as electrolyte to control ion conduction. However, since a liquid electrolyte has problems such as leaking, it is necessary to secure liquid-tightness by using a metal container. Therefore, an electrochemistry device generally becomes heavier and has the less versatility of possible form features. Furthermore, the sealing process is usually complicated. In contrast, the so-called solid electrolyte which consists of an solid state electrolyte has no liquid leak. The solid electrolyte has several other advantages, that is, simplified sealing process, lighter device, and the flexibility of the form selection due to the excellent ability of polymer to be molded into films. Therefore, a lot of researches have been made on the solid electrolyte.
Generally this solid electrolyte consists of a matrix polymer and electrolyte salt from which ion can be dissociated. The matrix polymer has ion dissociation power and has two functions: keeping this ion conductive solid in solid state and behaving as a solvent for electrolyte salt. Armand et al. of the Grenoble University (France) made a report on an example of the solid electrolytes in 1978; they achieved the ion conductivity of the order of 1×10−7 S/cm in a system where lithium perchlorate was dissolved in polyethylene oxide. Since then, a variety of polymer materials are still examined actively, especially a polymer with a polyether structure.
The solid electrolyte such as the polyethylene oxide uses a linear polyether as a matrix. This type of solid electrolyte achieves its ion conductivity by transferring the dissociated ions in the amorphous phase at the temperature above the glass transition point of the matrix polymer using the local segment movement of a polymer chain.
However, the ions dissociated into the linear matrix of a polyethylene oxide which has partially crystalline phase, especially cations are strongly coordinated by the interaction with the polymer chain, and becomes a pseudo-bridge point. This causes partial crystallization, which reduces the segment movement. In order to increase ion conductivity under room temperature, it is necessary to increase the ion dissociation power of the electrolyte salt and to develop a desirable molecular design for the polymer so that the polymer has many amorphous domains where the ions can move easily within a matrix, and the glass transition point of the polymer is kept lower.
In one molecular design, a branch structure is introduced into the polyethylene oxide frame in an attempt to increase ion conductivity (Masayoshi Watanabe, Netsu Sokutei 24 (1) pp 12–21, 1996). However, the synthesis of this type of polymer requires a complicated process.
In another molecular design, a three-dimensional network is introduced into a matrix polymer in an attempt to prevent the crystallization of polymer. This molecular design is applied to, for example, a polymer obtained by polymerizing the acrylic or methacrylic system monomer with a polyoxyalkylene component, as disclosed in Japanese Non-examined Patent Publication No. 5-25353. However, since alkali metal salt is not dissolved in a monomer very well, sufficient ion conductivity can not be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain an alternative solid electrolyte.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Semi-Interpenetrating polymer network electrolyte, process for producing the same and battery using the same


The invention relates to a method for analysing connection conditions between an integrated circuit package and a circuit board, wherein said integrated circuit package is electrically coupled to said circuit board by coupling elements, and therein said integrated circuit package is mechanically connected with said circuit board by support elements. To allow easy failure analysis, it is proposed that physical values are picked-off from said support elements, and said physical values are evaluated to determine the condition of said connection between said integrated circuit package and said circuit board.

Electronic products are subject to miniaturising. Therefore, electronic components of these products need to be ever smaller and lighter. As a result, more and more integrated and high integrated circuits are required within even smaller packages. Connection pins in former dual-in-line (DIL) packages have been produced with 2,54 mm masks. Quad Flat Packages (QFP) were provided with 0,5 mm masks.
Reducing the sizes of the masks and increasing the number of connection pins generated the need for new designs, such as pin grid arrays (PGA) and ball grid arrays (BGA). The particulars of these designs are that they provide their connection pins throughout the whole array surface, rather than just on its periphery, as was the case with former designs.
To further reduce the size of the packages, it has been proposed to use flip chip technology and chip scale/size packages (CSP). Chip size packages are characterized in that the area of the package may not be larger than the die itself. For chip scale packages, the area of the package may not be larger than 1.2 times the size of the die.
CSPs being mounted on a carrier substrate and being connected to the substrate by bonding require complicated processing steps.
In particular ball grid arrays and CSPs are subject to significant failures in electronic components. These failures, which may be a consequence of a shock impacted from drop and fatigue from thermal and bending cycling, also apply to any other type of packages, interconnections and connection types, such as soldering and glueing. The packages fail mainly due to failure in the interconnection between the component and the printed wiring board, in particular in the solder joints or in the printed wiring board (PWB) build-up.
As failures within the electrical coupling elements are the reason for most of the malfunctions of electronic components and devices, there is a need to determine the components where the failure occurred. To allow easy, fast and inexpensive repair of electronic devices, it is required to find the components which are subject to broken coupling elements quickly. The lack of knowledge of broken components requires intensive laboratory analysis and long service time for end users, in case the equipment malfunctions. Current failure mode analysis is based on try and error methods. As the failure usually cannot be located exactly, often more components are replaced than necessary.

Method and system for detecting electronic component failures


A relative positioning machine has a first panel for supporting a spindle thereon, a second panel for supporting a workpiece, first through fourth support mechanisms by which the first and second panels are tiltably supported for angular movement about an X1 axis, an X2 axis, a Y1 axis, and a Y2 axis, and first through fourth actuator mechanisms for individually tilting the first and second panels about the X1 axis, the X2 axis, the Y1 axis, and the Y2 axis. The spindle 11 and hence a machining unit such as a drill bit mounted thereon, and the workpiece can quickly and easily be positioned relatively to each other for allowing the machining tool to machine the workpiece at any of various areas at various angles on the workpiece. The relative positioning machine is relatively small in size and allows the workpiece to be machined quickly by the machining tool.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a relative positioning machine for positioning two members which support a machining tool and a workpiece, respectively, for example, relatively to each other universally in two- and three-dimensional spaces before the two members act with each other, e.g., the machining tool machines the workpiece.
2. Description of the Related Art
Various machine tools are used in the art to machine, e.g., drill, mill, or grind, workpieces with drill bits or cutters.
FIG. 37 of the accompanying drawings shows a conventional machine tool 1 having a spindle 2 rotatable about its own axis and reciprocally movable vertically in the directions indicated by the arrow A. A drill bit 4 is mounted on the spindle 2. A workpiece W is supported on a base 5 and has a plurality of areas 6a.about.6n to be successively aligned with and drilled by the drill bit 4.
In operation, the spindle 2 and the drill bit 4 are rotated in unison with each other, and moved downwardly toward the workpiece W to drill one of the areas 6a.about.6n, e.g., the area 6a, with the rotating drill bit 4. After the area 6a has been drilled, the spindle 2 is elevated to lift the drill bit 4 off the workpiece W. Thereafter, the spindle 2 is horizontally moved a predetermined distance in one of the directions indicated by the arrows B, C until the drill bit 4 is vertically aligned with another one of the areas 6b.about.6n, e.g., the area 6b. Then, the spindle 2 and the drill bit 4 are rotated in unison with each other, and moved downwardly toward the workpiece W to drill the area 6b with the rotating drill bit 4. In this manner, the areas 6a.about.6n of the workpiece W are successively drilled by the drill bit 4.
For successively drilling the areas 6a.about.6n of the workpiece W, it is necessary to horizontally move the spindle 2 a predetermined distance in one of the directions indicated by the arrows B, C to bring the drill bit 4 into vertical alignment with one of the areas 6a.about.6n each time it is to be drilled. Since the machine tool 1 is considerably heavy, it develops a large inertia when it is horizontally moved. Therefore, a high-power actuating mechanism is required to horizontally move the machine tool 1, and it is highly difficult or almost impossible to quickly position the machine tool 1 into vertical alignment with one of the areas 6a.about.6n.
The process of positioning the drill bit 4 and the workpiece W with respect to each other is made all the more complicated if the areas 6a.about.6n are to be drilled to form holes that are inclined in various directions. Drilling such inclined holes in the workpiece W is quite an inefficient task to perform.
The above positioning problem also occurs in other machining operations including applying a laser beam to form a hole in a workpiece, to cut a workpiece, and to weld workpieces, and applying a water jet to machine a workpiece in various ways.


A switch wire-connection terminal block structure includes a casing and at least one contact terminal. The contact terminal has a locking hole in direct communication with a receiving hole. The receiving hole communicates with a wire socket. A locking member is disposed in the receiving hole and lockable in the locking hole. A gasket member is fitted on the locking member. A guide channel is formed on inner wall of the receiving hole and extends in a locking direction of the locking member. The gasket member has a guide section extending in a direction reverse to the locking direction of the locking member. The guide section is slidably disposed in the guide channel. The receiving hole provides a larger locking travel for the locking member so that the terminal block is applicable to closed wire terminal.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to a switch wire-connection terminal block structure, and more particularly to an improved locking structure of a terminal block for locking wire terminal. In the condition that the volume of the terminal block is not increased, the terminal block has a full gap between the locking member and the locking hole. Therefore, the terminal block is applicable to closed wire terminals to facilitate the connection between wires.
2. Description of the Related Art
A switch wire-connection terminal block is a power switch member with contact terminals. The switch wire-connection terminal block is applied to circuit system in electronic and electrical engineering field. The switch wire-connection terminal block is mainly mounted on inner face of the operation panel or distribution box panel of electronic and electrical equipment to connect the wiring circuits thereof. The switch wire-connection terminal block has a pushbutton protruding from the surface of the operation panel or distribution box panel. The switch wire-connection terminal block can be further connected to the switch wire-connection terminal block of other wiring circuits in the electronic and electrical equipment for an operator to press the pushbutton so as to operate and control powering on/off of the respective wiring circuits. Accordingly, the switch wire-connection terminal block is used to power on/off the circuits.
Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a sectional view of a conventional switch wire-connection terminal block. The conventional switch wire-connection terminal block has a casing 1a and a pushbutton 2a movably disposed at front end of the casing 1a. The pushbutton 2a extends into the casing 1a to bear the elastic force of a spring 21a. A first contact terminal 41a and a second contact terminal 42a are disposed in the casing 1a on two sides of the pushbutton 2a. An electro-conductive member 3a is also disposed in the casing 1a and positioned between the first and second contact terminals 41a, 42a. The electro-conductive member 3a is connected with the pushbutton 2a. Two ends of the first and second contact terminals 41a, 42a are respectively formed with a locking hole 411a, 421a and a contact section 412a, 422a corresponding to the electro-conductive member 3a. By means of pressing the pushbutton 2a, the electro-conductive member 3a is driven by the pushbutton 2a to contact or separate from the contact sections 412a, 422a of the first and second contact terminals 41a, 42a so as to power on or power off the first and second contact terminals 41a, 42a.
In addition, the rear end of the casing 1a is formed with two receiving holes 15a, 16a respectively in communication with the locking holes 411a, 421a of the first and second contact terminals 41a, 42a. Two lateral ends of the casing 1a are further respectively formed with two wire sockets 17a, 18a. The wire sockets 17a, 18a respectively intersect and communicate with the receiving holes 15a, 16a. Moreover, a screw 51a, 52a is disposed in each receiving hole 15a, 16a for locking into the locking hole 411a, 421a. In use, the screws 51a, 52a are first framed by external wire terminals and then the screws 51a, 52a are locked into the locking holes 411a, 421a of the first and second contact terminals 41a, 42a to electrically connect with the first and second contact terminals 41a, 42a.
However, in order to commonly frame the screws 51a, 52a with various external wire terminals 91a, 92a (including open and closed wire terminals), a full gap H must be reserved between the tail ends of the screws 51a, 52a and the locking holes 411a, 421a in an unlocked state. Only in this case, various external wire terminals 91a, 92a, including closed wire terminals can extend into the casing 1a to frame the screws 51a, 52a.
As aforesaid, the receiving holes 15a, 16a intersect and communicate with the wire sockets 17a, 18a. Therefore, after the screws 51, 52a are unscrewed and loosened from the locking holes 411a, 421a, the screws 51a, 52a tend to tilt down toward the wire sockets 17a, 18a. Under such circumstance, the locking ends of the screws 51a, 52a are displaced from the positions in alignment with the locking holes 411a, 421a. As a result, when it is desired to screw the screws 51a, 52a back into the locking holes 411a, 421a, it is hard to aim the screws 51a, 52a at the locking holes 411a, 421a and screw the screws 51a, 52a into the locking holes 411a, 421a. This is quite troublesome to an operator.
To solve the above problem, an improved switch wire-connection terminal block employs a design of a correction gasket member 61a, 62a, which is fitted on each of the screw 51a, 52a. In general, a guide channel 151a, 161a is formed on a lateral side of the receiving hole 15a, 16a in communication therewith. The guide channel 151a, 161a extends in a direction to the locking hole 411a, 421a. In addition, the gasket member 61a, 62a has a guide bar 611a, 621a extending from the edge of the gasket member 61a, 62a toward the locking hole 411a, 421a. The guide bar 611a, 621a is slidably disposed in the guide channel 151a, 161a. Accordingly, the guide channel 151a, 161a can guide the guide bar 611a, 621a of the gasket member 61a, 62a fitted on the screw 51a, 52a to aim the screws 51a, 52a at the locking hole 411a, 421a. However, such design has a shortcoming that the guide channel 151a, 161a and the guide bar 611a, 621a both extend in the direction to the electro-conductive member 3a and the contact sections 412a, 422a of the first and second contact terminals 41a, 42a. The guide channel 151a, 161a and the guide bar 611a, 621a are so close to the electro-conductive member 3a and the contact sections 412a, 422a of the first and second contact terminals 41a, 42a that the guide bar 611a, 621a tends to interfere with the electro-conductive member 3a and the contact sections 412a, 422a of the first and second contact terminals 41a, 42a. For avoiding the interference, it is necessary to increase the height of the casing 1a. This leads to increase of the volume of the casing 1a and is not beneficial to miniaturization of the casing 1a.
Furthermore, after the screws 51a, 52a are unscrewed from the locking holes 411a, 421a, the screws 51a, 52a are possibly not detached from the locking holes 411a, 421a. Especially when the pushbutton 2a of the casing 1a is directed downward and the receiving holes 15a, 16a are open to upper side, the screws 51a, 52a can be hardly moved away from the locking holes 411a, 421a under affection of gravity. Under such circumstance, the tail ends of the screws 51a, 52a cannot be spaced from the corresponding locking holes 411a, 421a to keep the gap H. As a result, the closed wire terminals 91a, 92a cannot extend between the screws 51a, 52a and the first and second contact terminals 41a, 42a. To solve this problem, a further improved switch wire-connection terminal block employs a spring to drive the screws 51a, 52a to normally move away from the locking holes 411a, 421a when unscrewed. For example, a spring 70a is disposed in the guide channel 151a to drive the guide bar 611a and the gasket member 61a to move the screw 51a in a direction away from the locking hole 411a. However, such design still has a shortcoming that in order to avoid interference between the guide channel 151a, the spring 70a and the guide bar 611a and the electro-conductive member 3a and the contact sections 412a, 422a of the first and second contact terminals 41a, 42a, it is also necessary to increase the volume of the casing 1a. This is not beneficial to miniaturization of the casing 1a.

Switch wire-connection terminal block structure


An optical pickup module with enhanced aberration correctability is disclosed. This pickup includes more than two different types of laser light sources, an objective lens for collecting and focusing any one of the laser beams leaving the light sources onto an optical disc, and an aberration correction device of the liquid crystal (LC) type, which is disposed between the light sources and the objective lens. The aberration corrector has a surface on which multiple spaced-apart electrodes are patterned for enabling aberration correction relative to incident beams. The corrector controls the potential of a voltage being applied to each electrode in deference to incident beam properties and variations occurrable thereto, e.g., wavelength, effective beam diameter and relative incidence position offsets, thereby to optimally correct beam aberrations, such as coma aberration or wavefront aberration. An optical information reproduction apparatus using the pickup is also disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an optical pickup module with aberration correctability and an optical information reproduction apparatus using the pickup.
2. Description of Related Art
A background art in this technical field is disclosed, for example, in JP-A-11-110802. This Japanese bulletin contains, as an objective of the invention disclosed therein, the recitation which reads as follows: " . . . provide an aberration correcting device capable of effectively correcting wave-surface aberration occurring due to the tilting of an optical axis while enabling miniaturization with simplified arrangement and an information reproducing apparatus having this aberration correction device." It also discloses in the context of a solving means that "transparent electrodes 10c and 10d which are divided into pattern electrodes 30a, 30b, 31a, 31b, 32 and 40a, 40b, 41a, 41b, 42 each having a shape corresponding to a distribution of wavefront aberrations are formed on the both surfaces of a liquid crystal layer capable of giving to a light beam passing therethrough a phase difference depending upon the molecule direction thereof, thereby controlling the polarity and the value of a voltage being applied to each pattern electrode in a way corresponding to a tilt angle in either a detected tangential direction or a radial direction to thereby change the phase difference of the pass-through light beam in units of liquid crystal regions as partitioned by respective pattern electrodes in such a way as to cancel out the presently occurring wavefront aberration. At this time, the voltage applied is inverted in its polarity to permit application of the necessary potential difference to a liquid crystal element."
A prior known example of the above-noted wavefront aberration correction device is designed so that transparent electrodes of prespecified shapes are disposed on the both surfaces of a liquid crystal (LC) element. In the aberration correction device using this LC element, each of the transparent electrodes which are disposed to interpose the LC element therebetween is driven to create a potential difference to thereby change the orientation of LC molecules and then locally vary the refractivity due to a difference in LC molecule orientation and thus give a local phase change to the light beam passing through this LC element for correction or "amendment" of the wavefront aberration.
Specifically, the above-cited JP-A-11-110802 discloses therein a configuration of an LC aberration correction device, which includes transparent electrodes 10a-10e each having a predefined shape on the surface of an LC element 1 as shown in FIG. 2—this diagram shows an exemplary electrode pattern of prior art coma aberration correction device—for the purpose of correcting coma aberration which is a wavefront aberration that appreciably affects the optical performance of an optical pickup.
Unfortunately, this aberration corrector device is faced with two major serious technical problems which follow.
An explanation will first be given of the first problem. In the prior art aberration corrector device, the light beam that is successfully correctable in its wavefront aberration is limited to a single kind. This can be said because the transparent electrodes disposed on the surface of LC element are usually designed in shape and size in such a way as to obtain the optimum aberration correction performance for the light beam having a predetermined effective beam diameter. Adversely this means that regarding a light beam having an effective beam diameter different from the effective beam diameter, its aberration correctability becomes extremely impaired even when performing aberration correction by an aberration correction device identical to the corrector device.
See Table 1 below, which shows a comparative example of the aberration correction factor per design condition in prior art coma aberration correction device.
TABLE 1AberrationAberrationCorrectionCorrectionFactor (%)Factor (%)for DVD Lightfor CD LightBeam DiameterBeam Diameterof 2.0 mmΦof 1.6 mmΦDesignCase A61.318.7ConditionsCase B11.361.3Case C28.730.7In the table above, the aberration correction factor, Fc, is defined as follows:Fc=(Ai−Ar)/Ai×100(%),where, Ai is the initial aberration amount in route mean square (rms) value, and Ar is the residual aberration after correction in rms value. In Case A of Table 1, system design was made to achieve the best possible aberration correction factor with respect to a digital versatile disc (DVD)-use light beam having its effective diameter of 2.0 mmΦ. In Case B, design was made to attain the best aberration correction factor relative to a compact disc (CD)-use light beam with an effective diameter of 1.6 mmΦ. In Case C, design was done to get the best aberration correction factor for a light beam having its effective diameter of an intermediate value between those of the DVD beam and the CD beam—e.g., 1.8 mmΦ.
For example, Table 1 above indicates an exemplary coma aberration performance difference occurring due to a difference in effective beam diameter. The aberration correction device as used herein is a prevailing coma aberration corrector device of the LC type having the transparent electrode pattern shown in FIG. 2 as taught from JP-A-11-110802. Additionally the aberration correction factor as indicated in Table 1 is the ratio of an amount of coma aberration removed by the aberration corrector to the prespecified initial (prior to correction) coma aberration, which is an effective parameter for evaluation of the aberration correction performance.
In Case A of Table 1 an LC aberration correction device is used which is under optimum design of transparent electrode shapes and sizes in such a way as to maximize the aberration correction factor relative to a DVD read light beam having an effective beam diameter of about 2.0 mmΦ and a wavelength of 658 nm. As apparent from this table, in this case, the aberration correction factor of more than 60% is attainable for the DVD-use light beam. However, when coma aberration correction is carried out by the same aberration corrector device for a CD read light beam having its effective beam diameter of about 1.6 mmΦ and wavelength of 785 nm, the resulting aberration correction factor is as low as about 11%.
Adversely, as shown in Case B in Table 1, the use of an LC aberration corrector device with the transparent electrode shapes and sizes being optimally designed to permit the aberration correction factor to become maximal (about 60% or more) relative to the CD-use light beam would also result in achievement of a mere aberration correction factor of about 11% for the DVD light beam in this case.
When optimally designing the transparent electrode shapes and sizes of the aberration corrector device to ensure that the aberration correction factor becomes maximized relative to a light beam having its effective beam diameter of 1.8 mmΦ, which is an intermediate value between that of the DVD light beam (2.0 mmΦ) and the CD light beam (1.6 mmΦ) as shown in Case C of Table 1, the resultant aberration correction factor stays as low as about 30% for both of the DVD and CD light beams.
It is thus apparent that in the above-noted prior art aberration correction device, even when performing the optimum design of transparent electrodes in any possible way, it is impossible to achieve the optimum solution capable of obtaining excellent aberration correction performances for both of the two light beams that are different in effective beam diameter from each other.
In recent years, in order to enable either a single optical pickup or an optical information reproduction apparatus to perform playback of a plurality of types of optical discs, optical pickup modules become into wide use, which are arranged to permit multiple kinds of light beams different in wavelength and effective beam diameter from one another to travel in substantially the same optical path. In this type of optical pickups, it is evidently advantageous, in viewpoints of the size of the optical pickup per se and the number of components and the cost, to provide the capability of successfully correcting all possible wavefront aberrations of every light beam in the same aberration correction device, rather than an approach to disposing separate aberration corrector devices in units of respective light beams. However, as stated previously, the prior art fails to disclose the above-noted problems and any teachings as to the configuration capable of successfully correcting together wavefront aberrations of multiple kinds of light beams different in effective beam diameter from one another by use of a single aberration correction device.
The second technical problem will next be discussed. In addition to the above-noted first problem, the prior art aberration correction device suffers from a problem which follows: the creation of a relative position deviation or displacement between this aberration corrector device and a light beam falling thereonto would result in an appreciable decrease in aberration correcting performance.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing, in case a prior art aberration correction device having the known standard transparent electrodes shown in FIG. 2 as one example showing the above-noted problems, a plot of the relationship of a relative displacement amount upon occurrence of the above-stated relative displacement between this aberration corrector device and its incident light beam versus an aberration correction factor in such event. Note that the results shown herein are the calculation results obtained in case fixation is done in a state that the best possible aberration correction performance is obtainable when the potential difference being applied to each electrode, i.e., phase difference, is such that a relative displacement is zeroed.
As apparent from this graph, when the relative displacement is zero, that is, when the incoming light beam falls onto the aberration corrector device without exhibiting any displacement, the best aberration correction performance (with the aberration correction factor of 60% or more) is obtainable, although the aberration correction performance rapidly drops down with an increase in relative displacement: at the relative displacement of 0.2 mm, the aberration correction factor decreases to almost 0%.
In this way, with the prior art aberration correction device, its aberration correction performance can noticeably decrease even upon occurrence of a tiny relative displacement. However, in the actual optical pickup, it is unavoidable in any way that relative displacement of about several tens of μm occurs between the light beam and the aberration corrector device due to the presence of attachment position variations occurring during assembly of such pickup. Accordingly, whether superior aberration correction performance is achievable even in the presence of such relative displacement is an important issue which affects the optical pickup's performances.
However, the prior art discloses neither the above-noted problems nor effective means for avoiding the reduction of aberration correction performance occurring due to relative displacement.

Optical pickup and optical information reproducing apparatus using same


A method of nondestructive insulation testing is disclosed which comprises the steps of: (a) placing an electric device, having a core and at least one winding provided on the core, in a reduced atmospheric pressure; (b) insulating the laminated core from the ground; (c) supplying a voltage signal having a first surge waveform to the winding; and detecting a glow discharge which may result from step (c) to detect an insulation condition of the winding, wherein the reduced atmospheric pressure ranges from 65 to 75 Torr and the voltage signal is applied in the first direction of the winding and then, is applied in the second, opposite, direction of the winding. This method may further comprise steps of: (d) supplying a second voltage signal having a second predetermined surge waveform having a peak voltage lower than a peak voltage of the predetermined surge waveform; (e) outputting a second output signal between the winding indicative of a second insulation condition of the winding in response to step (d); (f) measuring intervals corresponding to the wavelengths of the output signal and the second output signal respectively; and (g) judging the insulation condition by comparing the measured intervals to each other. A nondestructive insulation testing apparatus is also disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method of nondestructive insulation testing of an electric apparatus, and a nondestructive insulation testing apparatus for nondestructively testing insulation of an electric apparatus.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There are various insulation tests for detecting scratches on surfaces of insulation coats on windings through applying an electric signal. The scratch may be generated by processes such as assembling windings with a laminated core. The scratch may cause a dielectric breakdown during running of an electric apparatus having a motor including its windings.
For example, a surge test applying a surge signal to a laminated core and windings provided to the laminated core at atmospheric pressure is known. This surge test can detect scratches apart from each other by less than 1 mm or a scratch apart from the laminated core by less than 1 mm.
A corona discharge test in the atmospheric pressure can detect scratches having a distance less than 1 mm therebetween or from the laminated core.
A reduction pressure corona discharge insulation test is also known. In this corona discharge insulation test, an ac voltage is supplied to the sample to be tested in a container where a pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure in the condition that a corona discharge readily occurs in accordance with the Paschen's law to detect a scratch or the like on a surface of an insulation coat of a winding of a coil.
FIG. 7 is an illustration illustrating a prior art method of corona discharge insulation test. A motor coil 161 to be tested is placed in a tank 162. The pressure in the tank 162 is reduced by a vacuum pump 165 through a valve 164. A vacuum gauge 163 detects the pressure.
An ac voltage 168 is applied to the motor coil 161 through a bushing 166 and a laminated core 161a of the motor is coupled to a corona detector 610 through a bushing 167 and a filter 167. The corona detector 610 detects an amount of corona discharge.
FIG. 8 is an illustration of a prior art example of scratches on windings of coils.
Numeral 71 denotes the laminated core and supports coils 72. Scratches 73 and 74 are close to the laminated core 71 and the scratch 73 is close to the scratch 74 by one to two millimeters. Scratches 75 and 76 are about 30 millimeters apart from the laminated core 71 and the scratch 75 is close to the scratch 76.
The scratch 73 can be readily detected by detecting corona discharge in a reduced pressure with 300 to 500 volts. The scratch 74 is detected when a mode of the discharge changes from the corona discharge to the glow discharge by applying a high voltage from 700 to 1400 volts.
However, in such testing where the discharge is provided in a reduced pressure with application of an ac voltage having 60 Hz, an energy of the discharge is large, so that insulation at a peripheral portion of the scratch is destroyed considerably. Therefore, this test cannot be applied to a nondestructive test.

Method of nondestructive insulation test and a nondestructive insulation testing apparatus

Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.


The morphology of multidimensional, thermally stable oligomers is combined with the inclusion of charge carrier linkages within the polymer arms to produce thermally stable advanced composites from cured oligomers that are conductive or semiconductive if suitably doped.

While epoxy-based composites are suitable for many applications, their brittle nature and susceptibility to degradation make them inadequate for many aerospace applications, especially those applications which require thermally stable, tough composites. Accordingly, research has recently focused upon polyimide composites to achieve an acceptable balance between thermal stability, solvent resistance, and toughness. Still the maximum temperatures for use of the polyimide composites, such as PMR-15, are about 600-625.degree. F., since they have glass transition temperatures of about 690 .degree. F.
Polybenzoxazoles, such as those disclosed in copending U.S. application Ser. No. 651,862, may be used at temperatures up to about 750-775.degree. F., since these composites have glass transition temperatures of about 840.degree. F. Aerospace applications need composites which have even higher use temperatures while maintaining toughness, solvent resistance, processibility, formability, strength, and impact resistance.
Chemists have sought to synthesize these new oligomers for high performance advanced composites, resulting in a progression of compounds synthesized to provide unique properties or combinations of properties. For example, Kwiatkowski and Brode disclosed maleic capped linear polyarylimides in U.S. Pat. No. 3,839,287. Holub and Evans disclosed maleic or nadic capped imido-substituted polyester compositions in U.S. Pat. No. 3,729,446. Lubowitz and Sheppard disclosed thermally stable polysulfone oligomers in U.S. Pat. No. 4,476,184, and have continued to make advances with polyetherimidesulfones, polybenzoxzolesulfones, and polybutadienesulfones. "Star" and "star-burst" multidimensional oligomers exhibit surprisingly high glass transition temperatures, as described in copending U.S. application Ser. No. 726,258. The multidimensional oligomers have superior processibility than some advanced composite oligomers since they can be handled at lower temperatures. Upon curing, however, the thermal resistance of the resulting composite is markedly increased with only a minor loss of stiffness, matrix stress transfer (impact resistance), toughness, elasticity, and other mechanical properties.
While polyesters are among the most highly developed polymers, commercial polyesters do not exhibit satisfactory thermal and oxidative resistance to be useful for aircraft or aerospace applications. Even polyarylesters are unsatisfactory, since the resins are generally insoluble in laminating solvents, are intractable in fusion, and shrink or warp during composite fabrication. The high concentration of ester groups contributes to resin strength and tenacity, but also makes the resin susceptable to the damaging effects of water absorption. High moisture absorption can lead to distortion of the composite when it is loaded at elevated temperature.
Conductive and semiconductive plastics have been extensively studied (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,375,427; 4,338,222; 3,966,987; 4,344,869; and 4,344,870). These prior art polymers do not possess the blend of properties which are essential for aerospace applications. That is, the conductive polymers do not possess the blend of (1) toughness (2) stiffness, (3) elasticity, (4) processibility, (5) impact resistance and other matrix stress transfer capabilities, (6) retention of properties over a broad range of temperatures, and (7) high temperature resistance which is desirable on aerospace advanced composites. The prior art composites are often too brittle.
As described in copending U.S. application Ser. No. 726,259, high performance, aerospace advanced composites can be prepared using crosslinkable, end capped polyester imide ether sulfone oligomers that have the desired combined properties of solvent resistance, toughness, impact resistance, strength, processibility, formability, and thermal resistance. By including Schiff base (-CH.dbd.N-), imidazole, thiazole, or oxazole linkages in the oligomer chain, the linear, advanced composites formed with oligomers of U.S. application Ser. No. 726,259 can have semiconductive or conductive properties when appropriately doped.
As described in copending U.S. application Ser. No. 726,258, glass transition temperatures above 900.degree. F. are achievable with multidimensional, branched oligomers which include crosslinking groups at the ends of linear aromatic "sulfone" arms radiating from an aromatic hub. When cured to crosslink the end caps, these "star" and "star-burst" oligomers provide a multidimensional array. The resulting thermally stable composite exhibits excellent toughness and processibility. The crosslinking groups (usually nadic and acetylenic phenylimide moieties) also provide solvent resistance to the composites. Glass transition temperatures of about 950.degree. F. or higher are achievable.
The present invention combines features of the "Schiff base" conductive sulfone polyarylesters with the "star" and "star-burst" multidimensional morphology to create advanced conductive composites.


Developed and provided is: a nucleic acid agent that is efficiently delivered to the central nervous system, to which drug delivery is inhibited by the blood brain barrier mechanism, and that provides an antisense effect to a target transcription product at the delivery site; and a composition containing such a nucleic acid agent.

Recent interest has focused on oligonucleotides in the ongoing development of pharmaceuticals called nucleic acid pharmaceuticals, and, in particular, in view of the high selectivity and low toxicity of target genes, nucleic acid pharmaceuticals utilizing an antisense method is being actively developed. An antisense method comprises that the expression of a protein encoded by the target gene or the activity of the miRNA is selectively altered or inhibited, using the introduction of an oligonucleotide (an antisense oligonucleotide: herein, frequently referred to as an "ASO (AntiSense Oligonucleotide)") complementary to a target sense strand, a partial sequence of an mRNA or miRNA transcribed from a target gene, into cells.
Patent Literature 1 discloses a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule consisting of a first oligomer compound and a second oligomer compound containing a coupling group such as cholesterol and that can regulate the amount and activity of a target nucleic acid in the extrahepatic tissue or extrahepatic cell or in the hepatic tissue or hepatocyte, and an antisense compound consisting of the double-stranded nucleic acid molecule.
Now, a nucleic acid agent such as the ASO needs to be delivered to the central nervous system so that the antisense effect can be provided in the central nervous system including the brain. However, the brain has a mechanism called the blood brain barrier (Blood Brain Barrier: hereinafter, frequently referred to as the "BBB"), which selects and limits substances transferred to the brain via blood. This BBB mechanism protects the brain from harmful substances, but at the same time, forms a barrier against drug delivery to the brain. Because of this, there is a demand for a method of delivering a nucleic acid agent such as an ASO to the central nervous system including the brain.

Abstract: Provided is a double-stranded nucleic acid complex consisting of a first nucleic acid strand and a second nucleic acid strand that are annealed to each other; wherein the first nucleic acid strand hybridizes with part of a target transcription product and has an antisense effect on the target transcription product; and wherein the second nucleic acid strand includes a base sequence complementary to the first nucleic acid strand and is conjugated to a phosphatidylethanolamine or an analog thereof.

National University Corporation Tokyo Medical and Dental University


An agent system includes: a first server including a first processor including hardware; a second server including a second processor including hardware; and a third server including a third processor including hardware. The first processor is configured to output first content to a terminal device in response to a request from a user. The second processor is configured to output second content to the terminal device in response to a request from the user. The third processor is configured to acquire the second content from the second server when execution of the second content is requested by the user during execution of the first content acquired from the first server. The third processor is further configured to determine whether to execute the first content and the second content based on a competition processing policy set in advance.

The present disclosure relates to an agent system, a terminal device, and a computer readable recording medium.
Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2018-189984 discloses a speech interaction method for using a plurality of services through a single speech interaction agent. In this speech interaction method, in a case of using another service during utilization of a certain service, service interrupt processing such as interrupting one service and executing the other service is performed in such a manner that the services do not compete against each other.

Agent system, terminal device, and computer readable recording medium using speech interaction for services


A genre generation device (200) includes a calculating part (235) that calculates a co-occurrence level of a first keyword representing a first genre to be generated and a second keyword representing a second genre that is an attended genre in a search query in a genre hierarchy, and a generating part (265) that generates the first genre in a different layer from a layer where the second genre belongs when a difference between the co-occurrence level of the first keyword and the second keyword, and, a threshold for a level is smaller than a threshold for a disparity.

Conventionally, a recording device is known (see, for example, Patent Literature 1) which includes memory means for storing multiple folders and multiple pieces of folder attribute information representing the attribute of each of the multiple folders, and means for obtaining main data like music data and sub data representing the attribute of the song title or the like of music represented by the main data. This recording device generates a new folder when there is no folder attribute information representing the same attribute as the attribute represented by the obtained sub data, and records the main data in the newly generated folder.

Genre generation device, non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing genre generation program, and genre generation method


Systems and techniques are disclosed for detecting whether a wearable computing device is worn by a user or not. The detection can be made based on whether the device is secured to a user or based on a sensor. A device worn by a user may be operated in a private mode such that the user wearing the device is provided information that is useful while wearing the device. For example, the user may receive message notifications, news updates, telephone call information, or the like. A wearable computing device maybe operated in a public mode while not being worn by a user. While in the public mode, the device may provide non user specific information such as a current time, media items, or the like.

Traditional wearable devices, such as wrist watches, eyewear, and the like, are limited in space and size, resulting in a low number of buttons and/or a restricted surface area that a user can interact with. The limited space and size may restrict the capability of a wearable device and/or require a user to shift through multiple menus to accomplish a task, such as to modify a device state. Accordingly, a user may be less motivated to use a wearable device as use of the device would require the user to maneuver through an unacceptable number of menus or to operate a device that is cumbersome difficult to use. Additionally, a wearable device may operate via battery power and may generally operate in a single state. Based on operating in the single state, the device may lose battery power at the same rate whether or not the device is worn by a user, effectively wasting the lost battery power.


Method and apparatus for automatic cooking in a microwave oven capable of an automatic cooking operation even in case of consecutive cooking by discriminating whether the operation mode is an initial operation mode or a consecutive operation mode by receiving an inflow air temperature and an outflow air temperature in the initial operating stage, selecting the initial operation mode or the consecutive operation mode, executing a cooking operation by driving a magnetron and a cooling fan after calculating an arbitrary initial heating time, calculating a difference between the current outflow air temperature and the previous outflow air temperature when the initial heating time has been elapsed, giving a fuzzy membership function and rule for the selected initial operation mode or the consecutive operation mode by the outflow air temperature difference and a weight conversion value, calculating a cooking time by executing a fuzzy operation, calculating an additional heating time by subtracting the initial heating time from the calculated cooking time, and executing continuously the cooking operation for the additional heating time.

The present inventin relates to a method and an apparatus for automatic cooking in a microwave oven which is capable of executing automatic cooking in an optimal state by detecting an inflow air temperature, an outflow air temperature, and a weight of food to be cooked and calculating a cooking time using the detected signals relating to the inflow and outflow air temperatures and the weight of food in a fuzzy control even in the case of a continuously using the microwave oven.
Various types of cooking methods and apparatuses for use in a microwave oven are well known in the art. One conventional microwave oven is illustrated in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 1, the conventional microwave oven comprises a microcomputer 1 for controlling the operation of the whole system, a magnetron driving section 2 for supplying a magnetron driving power upon the control of the microcomputer 1, a magnetron 3 for generating a microwave by being driven by the magnetron driving power of the magnetron driving section 2, a heating chamber 11 for heating the food positioned on a glass tray with the microwave generated at the magnetron 3, a cooling fan motor 4 which is actuated upon the control of the microcomputer 1, a cooling fan 5 for blowing air in the heating chamber 11 by being actuated by the cooling fan motor 4, an outflow air temperature sensor 6, mounted on an outlet 12 of the heating chamber 11, for detecting the temperature of the air which is discharged through the outlet 12, an analog/digital coverter 7 for converting the air temperature signal detected at the outflow air temperature sensor 6 into a digital signal and applying the converted digital signal to the microcomputer 1, a turntable motor 9, mounted below the heating chamber 11, for rotating the glass tray 10 upon the control of the microcomputer 1, and a weight sensing section 8, disposed below the heating chamber 11, for detecting the weight of food and applying the detected weight signal to the microcomputer 1.
With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, the operation of the conventional microwave oven is described hereinbelow.
Upon pressing a button for automatic cooking in a state that the food to be cooked is positioned on the glass tray 10 within the heating chamber 11, the microcomputer 1 executes a first stage heating operation for a predetermined time(t), as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and actuates the cooking fan 5 to blow air into the heating chamber 11 so that the air temperature of the heating chamber 11 can be made uniform. After a predetermined time T1 has elapsed, the microcomputer 1 carries out a temperature, increment setting operation. That is, the current temperature T1 of the air discharged through the outlet 12 of the heating chamber 11 is detected by the outflow air temperature sensor 6 and converted into a digital signal at the analog/digital converter 7. The digital signal of the current temperature t1 is applied to the microcomputer 1 so that the microcomputer 1 can calculate the temperature increment therefrom. When the temperature increment is set, the magnetron 3 is continuously actuated by the magnetron actuating section 2. As time passes, the food positioned on the glass tray 10 within the heating chamber 11 is heated by the microwave and thus the temperature of the air discharged through the outlet 12 becomes high. The temperature of the discharged air is detected at the outflow air temperature sensor 6 and converted into a digital signal by the analog/digital converter 7 and then applied to the microcomputer 1. Accordingly, the microcomputer 1 executes a first stage heating operation until the temperature increment T2-T1 of the outflow air rises to the temperature increment .DELTA.T which has already been established.
In this state, when the temperature increment of the outflow air, i.e., the temperature increment T2-T1 obtained by subtracting the initial temperature T1 from the current temperature T2, arrives the preestablished temperature increment .DELTA.T, the microcomputer 1 finishes the first stage heating operation and calculates a second stage additional heating time t3 to execute a second stage heating operation. That is, the second stage heating time t3 is calculated by multiplying a predetermined value .alpha., which is established in accordance with the type of food, by the first stage heating time t2, and the magnetron 3 is continuously actuated for the second stage heating time t3 to heat the food. When the second stage heating time t3 is complete, the microcomputer 1 stops the operation of the magnetron 3 and the cooling fan 5, thereby completing the cooking.
However, in such an automatic cooking method for use in the conventional microwave oven, there has been a disadvantage in that it is impossible to correctly execute an automatic cooking operation since the temperature increment .DELTA.T becomes dull more than that in case of cooking the previous food when another food is cooked immediately after the previous food has been cooked. That is, when the cooking operation is finished in a state that the outflow air temperature, detected at the outflow air temperature sensor 6, is raised to a predetermined temperature T3, as shown in FIG. 3B, after cooking one type of food, the outflow air temperature T drops down gradually. At this moment, when starting the cooking operation again at the temperature range T4-T8 which is higher than the initial temperature T1, the temperature increment rate becomes low, as shown in FIG. 2C, so that the first stage heating time and the second stage heating time are set too long. Accordingly, the next food to be cooked in the consecutive cooking operation may be excessively heated so that an automatic cooking operation can not correctly be executed. As a result, a non-operation period for about 10 to 30 minutes is required before executing automatic cooking again.


The invention relates to a compound having the Formula (I) ##STR1## in which n=1, 2, 3 or 4 and m=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. The invention also relates to a method for the preparation of the above-described compound by bringing a cycloalkyl hydroperoxide having 5 to 12 carbon atoms into contact with a cycloalkene having 5-8 carbon atoms, under the influence of a metal compound as catalyst, the metal being chosen from groups VIB, VIIB and VIII of the periodic system. The reaction takes place at a temperature of 0.degree.-80.degree. C.

1. Technical Field
The invention relates to alkyl peroxides and uses thereof.
2. Background Information
Alkyl peroxides are described, for example, in EP-A-174194. In particular, in this publication t-butylcyclohexyl peroxide is produced as a byproduct of a cyclohexane oxidation with t-butyl hydroperoxide. The peroxide is produced with a selectivity of less than 50%.
Peroxides are widely used as free radical initiators, and there is a continuous demand for new peroxides. Thus, in EP-A-322945, alkenyl-alkyl peroxides are described which are used for the modification of saturated thermoplastic polymers.


A method for beveling a thin glass plate by simultaneously grinding an edge of the glass using multiple abrasive cup wheels, wherein the edge of the glass plate is extended from the fixturing device. The extension of the glass plate allows the glass plate to bend in response to forces applied by the abrasive cup wheels, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the grinding process to variations in position of the abrasive wheels. The axes of rotation of the abrasive wheels are separated by a distance selected to prevent deflection in the glass plate caused by a first abrasive wheel to influence the deflection in the glass plate caused by a second (adjacent) abrasive wheel.

Glass plate manufacturing comprises three principal steps, melting of the raw material to form a molten glass, forming the molten glass into sheets or plates and finally processing the plate into a final shape satisfactory to purchaser or user. Methods of forming thin glass plates include an overflow downdraw process, or fusion process, wherein a molten glass is supplied to an open-top conduit. The molten glass overflows the conduit and flows down converging surfaces comprising the outer surface of the conduit. At the bottom of the conduit the separate flows rejoin, or fuse, to form a thin glass ribbon. Other methods include the well known float process, where molten glass is floated on a bath of usually tin, slot draw, up draw and others. Generally, all of these processes include a final processing step of separating individual plates of glass from a parent sheet, sizing the plates in a cutting operation and edging the glass to strengthen the piece for subsequent handling operations. The individual plates are edged both to remove flaws that may be formed when individual plates are cut from the parent, and to eliminate sharp edges that are easily damaged during handling.
Thin plate glass edging is typically done using a grinding wheel consisting of formed grooves. These formed grooves will create a shape on the glass that mirrors the groove. An example of this process is documented in U.S. Pat. No. 6,685,541 to Brown, et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 6,325,704 Brown, et al.
As the need for ever thinner plates of glass increases, owing largely to the electronic display industries (computers, cell phones, digital cameras and the like), producing a consistent edge shape in the wheel is becoming increasingly difficult:
the wheel profile becomes misshapen with use, causing inconsistent plate edge shape;
the surface area used by the wheel is limited to the groove, which increases the cost due to poor utilization of material;
the relatively small surface area of the wheel actually contacting the glass necessitates the use of coarser abrasive grain sizes and, ultimately, poorer glass sheet surface finishes;
the lack of chip clearance between the glass and the wheel during grinding increases the potential for defects in the plate as the wheel becomes clogged by glass particles; and
wheel profiles are difficult to make when a small tight radius is required. Formed wheels are typically made using an EDM process. As the tool used to create the form wears, often quickly, it creates an undesirable blunt profile at the bottom of the resultant groove.
The edging process generates particulate (e.g. chips), which is often difficult to remove from the plates.

Method for processing an edge of a glass plate


Disclosed is a method and system for receiving a product parts list containing parts for creating a product variant of a product and updating a bill of material with the parts and a selection condition to identify a part of the product variant. The method includes determining a characteristic and a characteristic value of the parts of the product variant and generating a variant demand object for the product variant.

When a supplier receives an order from a manufacturer such as a car manufacturer, the order is typically received as a list of parts rather than a product list. In such orders, it is often difficult for the supplier to determine a plan for manufacturing and delivering the product since the planning and scheduling of the jobs are done on a product basis and not based on the parts. The supplier has to manually determine the product that has to be manufactured or assembled. It is even more challenging in the case where the product manufactured has a number of variants since the product variant also has to be determined. After the product variant is determined, the demand on the products from various orders is calculated and then the production of the products is planned. The manual process of determining the product variants is time consuming, inefficient and affects a delivery schedule of the products.

Method and system for determining a demand on a product variant using bill of material


A display device and a display panel thereof are provided. The display panel includes a plurality of pixels, a first adjacent zone and a plurality of gate lines. The pixels include a first pixel and a second pixel adjacent to the first pixel. Each pixel includes one of the gate lines. The gate lines include a first gate line and a second gate line. The first pixel includes the first gate line. The second pixel includes the second gate line. The first gate line and the second gate line are located at the first adjacent zone.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates in general to an electronic device and its elements, and more particularly to a display device and a display panel thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
Along with the advance in the display technology, various display panels are constantly invented and provided. For example, the liquid crystal the display panel, the plasma display panel and the organic light emitting diode display panel have replaced the conventional cathode ray picture tube (CRT) display.
In the structure of a display panel, pixel is the smallest display unit. Each pixel displays one single color. By controlling the grey level of the color of each pixel, a colorful frame formed by pixels can thus be presented.

Display device and display panel with large aperture ratio of pixels thereof


This invention provides oxazolidine protected taxol analogs of the Formula: ##STR1## which are useful intermediates to make various taxol analogues.

Taxol is a member of the taxane family of diterpenes, having the structure shown below: ##STR2## The numbering system shown for taxol is that recommended by IUPAC (IUPAC, Commission on the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1978).
The chemistry of the potent anticancer diterpenoid taxol and analogs thereof is reviewed, with an emphasis on isolation and analysis, structural modifications, partial synthesis, and structure-activity relationships by David G. I. Kingston, The Chemistry of Taxol, Pharmac. Ther., Vol 52, pp 1-34, 1991.
The clinical pharmacology of taxol is reviewed by Eric K. Rowinsky and Ross C. Donehower, The Clinical Pharmacology and Use of Antimicrotubule Agents in Cancer Chemotherapeutics, Pharmac. Ther., Vol 52, pp 35-84, 1991. Clinical and preclinical studies with taxol are reviewed by William J. Slichenryer and Daniel D. Von Hoff, Taxol: A New and Effective Anti-cancer Drug, Anti-Cancer Drugs, Vol. 2, pp 519-530, 1991.
Taxol and analogs thereof are the subject of various patents including, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,814,470; 4,857,653; 4,942,184; 4,924,011; 4,924,012; 4,960,790; 5,015,744; 5,157,049; 5,059,699; 5,136,060; 4,876,399; 5,227,400 as well as PCT Publication No. WO 92/09589, European Patent Application 90305845.1 (Publication No. A2 0 400 971), 90312366.9 (Publication No. A1 0 428 376), 89400935.6 (Publication No. A1 0 366 841) and 90402333.0 (Publication No. 0 414 610 A1), 87401669.4 (A 1 0 253 739), 92308608.6 (A1 0 534 708), 92308609.4 (A1 534 709) and PCT Publication Nos. WO 91/17977, WO 91/17976, WO 91/13066, WO 91/13053.
Various processes for the preparation of taxol (and intermediates and analogs thereof) are described in Tetrahedron Letters, 1992, 36, 5185; J. Org. Chem., 1991, 56, 1681 and J. Org. Chem., 1991, 56, 5114.
Chen et al., Serendipitous Synthesis of a Cyclopropane-Containing Taxol Analog via Anchimeric Participation of an Unactivated Angular Methyl Group, Advance ACS Abstracts, Vol 1, No. 2., Jul. 15, 1993 reported the treatment of a 7-epi taxol derivative with DAST in dichloromethane led to an unexpected reaction involving participation of the C-19 methyl group and clean formation of a cyclopropane ring. See also J. Org. Chem., 1993, 58, 4520 (Aug. 13, 1993).
Chen, et. al., Tetrahedron Letters, 1994, 35, 41-44, have reported that the reaction of 2'-O -Cbz-taxol with DAST gave 2'-O-Cbz-7-deoxy-7.alpha.-fluorotaxol and 2'-O-Cbz-7-deoxy-7.beta.,8.beta.-methanotaxol. Removal of the 2'-O-Cbz protecting groups from the latter two compounds gave 7-deoxy-7.alpha.-fluorotaxol and 7-deoxy-7.beta.,8.beta.-methanotaxol. 7,8-Cyclopropataxanes are the subject of U.S. Pat. No. 5,254,580. Klein, et. al., J. Org. Chem., 1994, 59, 2370, report formation of 7.beta.,8.beta.-methanotaxols.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,294,637 (granted Mar. 15, 1994) relates 7-fluorotaxal derivatives.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,248,796 (granted Sep. 28, 1993) relates to 10-desacetoxy-11,12-dihydrotaxol-10,12(18)-diene derivatives and the preparation of 10-desacetoxytaxol.
Chaudhary, A. G.; et. al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 4097-8 discloses several meta and para-substituted 2-benzoyl analogs of taxol.
Didier, E., et. al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 2349-52 describe the use of 2-arylox-arylidines as protecting groups for the taxol side-chanin precursor fragment.
Ojima, I., et. al., Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett. 1993, 3, 2479-2482 describe several side chain urea analogs (including a t-butyl urea analog).

.DELTA..sup.6,7 -taxols antineoplastic use and pharmaceutical compositions containing them


A method for the production of holograms proof against copying and imitation possessing authenticity features, which are copies of a master hologram. In accordance with the invention as a master hologram a hologram of a randomly structured optical element, as for example a diffusion plate, which constitutes the authenticity feature, is recorded and each hologram copy produced from the master hologram is provided with a layer having at least one layer with a color succession and/or the hologram copy produced on a thick light sensitive layer is caused to shrink or to expand.

The invention relates to a method for the production of copy-proof and imitation-proof holograms possessing authenticity features, which are copies of a master hologram.
Holograms, more particularly in the form of embossed holograms are being increasingly employed on identity documents and for vouching for the authenticity of goods coming from reputed manufacturers. The desired protective function can however only be ensured by holograms, if they can not be copied or imitated using non-holographic method by ingenious, resourceful forgers. It has been shown that presently conventional holograms employed as proofs of authenticity can be copied.

Master hologram for the production of copy-proof holograms


Novel compositions comprising photoactive polymers comprising a dinitrobenzyl group in conjunction with a photoacid generator are disclosed. In one embodiment, the photoacid generator is a diazide and/or a sulfonyl aceto carbonyl compound. The photoacid generators are typically used in amounts of 10 weight percent or less. The compositions find particular application in storage stable, pH stable, and water stable positive photoresist compositions. Such compositions demonstrate reduced process time as compared with similar compositions lacking the photoacid generator. Methods for using these compositions are also disclosed.

Processes for forming resist patterns on the surfaces of substrates typically comprise forming a photo-sensitive layer on the surface of the substrate, irradiating portions of the photo-sensitive layer with actinic light, and developing the irradiated layer. If the solubilization of the photoresist increases when exposed to actinic light, it is referred to as a "positive-acting" photoresist; the relatively high molecular weight positive-acting photoresist material depolymerizes, or undergoes breakage of the polymer bonds, upon exposure to actinic radiation thereby rendering the treated compound more easily dissolved by developing solution. If the solubilization of the photoresist decreases when exposed to actinic radiation, it is referred to as a "negative-acting" photoresist; the relatively low molecular weight negative-acting material crosslinks upon exposure to actinic radiation and, thus, it is the non-treated compound that dissolves upon exposure to the developing solution.
Photoresists are often used to protect the underlying substrate from the effects of a subsequent etching process. Defects in the resist pattern, such as inadequate coverage over certain parts of the substrate or inadequate development of the irradiated layer, can result in problems in the completed product. Accordingly, it is important to employ a photoresist whose irradiated layer can adequately be developed and that forms a uniform layer over all surfaces of the substrate to be protected
Photoreactive polymers are particularly useful as binder resins in photoresist compositions employed in photodevelopment of electronic components such as circuit boards and other products. Positive-acting resists have certain advantages in the manufacture of circuit boards; defects that will occur in the manufacture of circuit boards are easier to repair when positive-acting resists are used as compared to when negative-acting resists are used. The irradiation of the photoresist, in the case of circuit board manufacture, often occurs through a glass or plastic cover sheet. The use of "masks" or "art work" prevents exposure of desired areas of the photoresist to UV light.

Positive photoresist compositions having enhanced processing time


This invention provides a melt receiver for a semiconductor single-crystal manufacturing device, which is capable of protecting the main chamber from being damaged by the outflow of the melt or dropping of the debris of the broken crucibles and therefore preventing steam explosion. The melt receiver 1 is consisted of an adiabatic member 3 made of carbon fibers; a cover 2 made of high strength C/C material which shelters the surface of the adiabatic member 3; and a bottom plate 4. A groove 2a is formed on the upper surface of the cover 2. The groove 2a has a size capable of accommodating all of the melt stored in the quartz crucible 7. The melt flown out or articles dropped down due to damage of the crucible are received by the melt receiver 1, and the melt flown out can not reach the bottom of the main chamber 9. The melt receiver can also be consisted of a melt absorption layer made of adiabatic material, and a melt isolation layer made of graphite or high strength C/C material.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a melt receiver for a semiconductor single-crystal manufacturing device.
2. Description of Related Art
The substrate of a semiconductor component is mainly made of single-crystal silicon with high purity. The method for manufacturing single-crystal silicon with high purity is chiefly the Czochralski Method (hereinafter referred as the CZ method). FIG. 5 is a partial schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a device for manufacturing semiconductor single crystals by the CZ method. As shown in FIG. 5, within the main chamber 9, a graphite crucible 10 is disposed on the upper portion of a crucible axis 5 which is capable of rotating and moving upward or downward. Furthermore, a cylindrical graphite heater 6 and a heat reserving cylinder 13 made of adiabatic material are disposed around the graphite crucible 10. The main chamber 9 constitutes of a container made of two-layer stainless steel. Cooling water is circulated within the space of the two layers of stainless steel so as to keep the temperature within the furnace at a proper value (furnace: chamber providing a crucible, heater and etc.). Furthermore, a melt receiver 14 made of adiabatic material (such as carbon fibers) is installed on the bottom of the main chamber 9. The melt receiver 14 is provided with a hole 14c and a through hole through which an electrode 15 of the graphite heater 6 is inserted. A discharge pipe for expelling SiO gas coming from the melt 8 with carrier gases out of the manufacturing device is inserted through the hole 14c in the melt receiver.
Polycrystal silicon in lumps is fed into a quartz crucible 7 accommodated within a graphite crucible 10 and heated by the graphite heater 6 to be melted into melt 8. A seed crystal installed within a seed chuck 16 is dipped into melt 8. Then, the seed chuck 16 and the graphite crucible 10 are driven to rotate in the same or opposite directions, and at the same time the seed chuck 16 is lifted to grow a silicon single crystal 17. The parts such as the quartz crucible 7, the graphite crucible 10, and the graphite heater 6 are designed based on the temperature distribution within the furnace and the heat history of the silicon single crystal 17. However, it does not mean that everything is taken into consideration when melt 8 is solidified due to an unforeseen trouble during lifting of silicon single crystal. The solidification of the melt 8 will cause damage to the quartz crucible 7 due to expansion of the volume of the melt 8 and consequently bring about outflow of the melt 8. Under such a circumstance, the melt receiver 14 is not of the structure capable of absorbing all of the melt 8. Furthermore, it is neither of the structure capable of preventing damage to the bottom of the main chamber, which damage is induced by dropping of the broken quartz crucible or the broken graphite crucible. If the outflow of the melt 8 or drop of the debris of the broken quartz crucible or the broken graphite crucible impairs the bottom of the main chamber, there exists a danger that the cooling water circulating within the walls of the main chamber will cause a steam explosion.

Melt receiver for a semiconductor single-crystal manufacturing device


Various aspects of the disclosure relate to test automation systems with pre-compilers to validate various steps associated with a test script. An artificial intelligence (AI)-based pre-compiler may use natural language processing (NLP) to validate various steps associated with a test script associated with an application. Other aspects of this disclosure relate to automated encryption and mocking of test input data associated with test scripts.

Software application development involves the use of test scripts for software testing to ensure that the application performs as per specifications and to isolate any issues prior to release to a production environment. For example, software testing may comprise regression testing in which test scripts may be used to attempt to expose bugs (by executing test cases). The test scripts may be periodically executed (e.g., after an application update) to check if an application is exhibiting errors or if a previously patched error has resurfaced. Such processes may be a part of a continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipeline as used by organizations for application development. A test automation pipeline may be used to automate various processes associated with development, validation, and execution of test scripts. The various steps may be constrained by guidelines and checklists that must be followed before the test scripts may be committed to the test automation pipeline.

Natural language processing (NLP)-based cross format pre-compiler for test automation