A data transmission method and apparatus are provided. A terminal device obtains an antenna port allocation result indicating a first antenna port set and a second antenna port set. An antenna port in the first antenna port set is quasi co-located (QCL) with another antenna port in the first antenna port set, an antenna port in the second antenna port is QCL with another antenna port in the second antenna port set, and an antenna port in the first antenna port set is not QCL with an antenna port in the second antenna port set. The terminal device receives first data transmitted on an antenna port in the first antenna port set, and receives second data transmitted on an antenna port in the second antenna port set.

A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology (also referred to as a multi-antenna technology) can use space diversity to improve system reliability, use spatial multiplexing to increase system capacity, and use beamforming to improve cell coverage. Physical-layer basic technologies of a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system includes the MIMO technology.
In an LTE multi-antenna system, different logical ports are defined to distinguish different channels. A user-level reference signal, for example, a demodulation reference signal, is a demodulation-reference signal (DM-RS) in an existing LTE system and is sent by using one or more antenna ports of an antenna port 5, an antenna port 7, an antenna port 8, or antenna ports 7 to 14. Therefore, the antenna ports used to send the DM-RS are also referred to as DM-RS ports. Likewise, data is also sent on different antenna ports, for example, on one or more antenna ports of the antenna port 5, the antenna port 7, or the antenna port 8. The antenna ports used to send the data are also referred to as data ports. A receive end may perform channel estimation and data demodulation by using the DM-RS sent on the antenna port that is the same as the data port.
In the LTE version 10, a new transmission mode is introduced, i.e., transmission mode 9. The transmission mode 9 supports eight antenna ports and multi-user MIMO transmission. To support 8-antenna transmission, a base station needs to indicate, on e.g., a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in LTE, a quantity of precoding layers corresponding to data on a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) of a user equipment and an antenna port number corresponding to a DM-RS. A terminal device may obtain, by detecting a corresponding indication field in the PDCCH, the quantity of layers and an antenna port corresponding to each layer that are included in the received PDSCH data. The terminal device performs channel estimation by using the DM-RS sent by the antenna port, and then performs PDSCH data demodulation.
To support coordinated multi-point transmission, a concept of an antenna port quasi-colocation (QCL) in an LTE system, is introduced to LTE in the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) version 11. Signals sent from a QCL antenna port encounter same large-scale fading. Large-scale fading includes delay spread, Doppler spread, Doppler shift, an average channel gain, and an average delay. To support the terminal device in receiving downlink control information from a serving base station on the PDCCH and receiving downlink data from a coordinated base station on the PDSCH, a new transmission mode, namely, a transmission mode 10, is defined in the version 11. A physical downlink shared channel resource element mapping and quasi-colocation indicator is mainly introduced in the transmission mode. The physical downlink shared channel resource element mapping and quasi-colocation indicator is abbreviated as PDSCH RE Mapping and QCL Indicator (PQI) in the LTE system and is used to indicate which base station sends downlink data, and which group of antenna ports with which a channel large-scale characteristic corresponding to the downlink data is consistent. Based on the PQI and a PDSCH mapping message element configured by using radio resource control (RRC) signaling, UE may learn about and use a radio channel parameter corresponding to which group of antenna ports to demodulate the downlink data.
The PQI in the LTE version 11 supports only one group of parameters, which means that the PDSCH can only be sent from one group of QCL antenna ports. This limits an application scope of the transmission mode 10. For example, in a distributed MIMO system or a multi-station coordinated transmission system, a single frequency network (SFN) technology (a plurality of antenna ports/a plurality of base stations send same modulation data on a same time-frequency resource) can only be used to combine a plurality of non-QCL antenna ports into an antenna port belonging to a same QCL set, to perform SFN transmission for a single user. For example, two geographically separated antenna ports belong to two QCL sets. To send data to a same terminal device through the two antenna ports in a same time-domain symbol, according to an existing protocol, only the two antenna ports can be virtualized into one combined antenna port, to send the data to the terminal device. The existing protocol does not support that a plurality of antenna ports belonging to different QCL antenna port sets perform basic MIMO transmission, such as multi-stream transmission or transmit diversity transmission for a single user in a same time-domain symbol.


A device is described for measuring a parameter of living tissue, in particular a glucose level, which parameter affects a response of said tissue to an electric field. The device comprises a substrate (2), which carries a ground electrode (10) as well as a plurality of signal electrodes (12a, 12b, 13a-13c, 14). The gaps (15) between the ground electrode and the signal electrodes are filled with a solid filler material (16) in order to provide an even surface. Optical reflection detectors (23a, 23b, 23c) can also be located in these gaps in order to avoid field distortions and obtain a compact design. The backside of substrate (2) carries electronic high-frequency components for improving signal quality.

WO 02/069791 describes a device for determining a parameter of living tissue. The device comprises an electrode arrangement mounted to a substrate, as well as a control unit adapted to determine the response of the tissue to the electric field generated by the electrodes. This type of device exploits the fact that various parameters of living tissue affect the dielectric response of the same. For example, this type of device allows to measure glucose level, as described in WO 02/069791, as well as the water concentration in the skin.
Devices of this type can provide better results if they comprise sensors for other types of parameters. For example, WO 2007/053963 describes an improved device that not only measures the response to the field applied by the electrodes, but further comprises temperature sensors as well as optical sensors for measuring a reflection or transmission of the tissue.

Sensing device for body tissue properties


A rare earth garnet sintered compact which is produced by subjecting a rare earth garnet powder such as YAG to a pre-sintering, sintering the pre-sintered product by HIP, and annealing the sintered product at 1100° C. to 1600° C. in a whole oxygen atmosphere under a whole pressure of 4.5 MPa or more, and has an average crystallite diameter of 0.9 to 9 μm, an optical loss coefficient of 0.002 cm−1 or less and a strain of a transmitted wave of 0.05 λ cm−1 or less.

It was proposed to use a polycrystalline sintered compact such as YAG as an optical material for a scintillator. For example, Greskovich et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,696) disclosed presintering a rare earth oxide mold, which has the composition of 67 mol % Y2O3, 3 mol % Eu2O3, and 30 mol % Gd2O3, in a hydrogen atmosphere at 1625 deg C. for 4 hours followed by HIP (hot isostatic pressing) at 1650 deg C. for 1 hour in an Ar atmosphere of 170 MPa and finally, re-sintering at 1850 deg C. for 2 hours in a wet hydrogen atmosphere (U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,696).
The rare earth oxide sintered compact obtained by presintering has a density ranging from 97% to 99% of a theoretical density and the sintered compact subjected to HIP becomes more compact to reduce the number of pores. The sintered compact subjected to HIP shows not prominent increase of an average crystallite diameter as reported in that the average crystal crystallite diameter after HIP ranges from 2 to 4 μm. Resintering increases the average crystallite diameter of the sintered compact to 25 or more micrometers and squeezes bubbles by using grain growth and clearness of the sintered compact increases. The sintered compact after resintering was reported as having the light loss coefficient of 2.93 cm−1.
Ikesue et al. (J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79 [7]: 1927-1933. (1996)) reported manufacture of a YAG sintered compact added with Nd. The YAG sintered compact was presintered at 1600 deg C. for 3 hours in a vacuum, subjected to HIP at 1500 to 1700 deg C. for 3 hours under 9.8 or 196 MPa, and finally, resintered at 1750 deg C. for 20 hours in the vacuum. YAG receives SiO2 as an additive for sintering and shows 50 or more micrometers of the average crystallite diameter of the sintered compact by resintering after HIP. They also reported that resintering generates pores, which derived seemingly from Ar of HIP.
In these conventional techniques, resintering at a higher temperature than that of HIP is used for removing pores by increasing the crystallite diameter of the sintered compact. By this way, when a grain boundary moves during grain growth, pores move according to the moved grain boundary to allow pores to move to a surface of the sintered compact. However, as well known, an increase in the crystallite diameter decreases strength of the sintered compact and lowers processibility. In addition, the light loss coefficient of 2.93 cm−1 of the sintered compact of Greskovich et al. is enough for the scintillator, but not enough as the laser material. Ikesue et al. reported that it is difficult to remove pores completely by resintering and, rather, pores are generated during resintering. Pores in the sintered compact cause light scattering and, therefore, the sintered compact containing pores is inappropriate for the laser material.
Next, in the case where a ceramic sintered compact is used as the laser material, there is an advantage in making a transmitting wave front distortion smaller. The transmitting wave front distortion is a quantity expressing unevenness of a wave front when a monochromatic light having an even phase is passed through the laser material. The transmitting wave front distortion may be caused by transformation of a crystal. Therefore, in case of the ceramic sintered compact having a smaller crystallite diameter than that of a single crystal, it is possible to eliminate transformation by escaping it to the grain boundary to make the transmitting wave front distortion smaller. In case of the single crystal, the transmitting wave front distortion is about 0.1 λ.


A polycrystalline diamond element leaching assembly includes a polycrystalline diamond element, a protective leaching cup surrounding at least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond element, and a liner positioned between the polycrystalline diamond element and the protective leaching cup. A leaching assembly for processing a polycrystalline diamond element includes a protective leaching cup configured to surround at least a portion of a polycrystalline diamond element and a liner configured to be positioned between the polycrystalline diamond element and the protective leaching cup. A method of processing a polycrystalline diamond element includes assembling a polycrystalline diamond element, a liner, and a protective leaching cup such that the liner is disposed between the polycrystalline diamond element and the protective leaching cup, and exposing at least a portion of the polycrystalline diamond element to a leaching agent.

Wear-resistant, superabrasive materials are traditionally utilized for a variety of mechanical applications. For example, polycrystalline diamond ("PCD") materials are often used in drilling tools (e.g., cutting elements, gage trimmers, etc.), machining equipment, bearing apparatuses, wire-drawing machinery, and in other mechanical systems. Conventional superabrasive materials have found utility as superabrasive cutting elements in rotary drill bits, such as roller cone drill bits and fixed-cutter drill bits. A conventional cutting element may include a superabrasive layer or table, such as a PCD table. The cutting element may be brazed, press-fit, or otherwise secured into a preformed pocket, socket, or other receptacle formed in the rotary drill bit. In another configuration, the substrate may be brazed or otherwise joined to an attachment member such as a stud or a cylindrical backing. Generally, a rotary drill bit may include one or more PCD cutting elements affixed to a bit body of the rotary drill bit.
As mentioned above, conventional superabrasive materials have found utility as bearing elements, which may include bearing elements utilized in thrust bearing and radial bearing apparatuses. A conventional bearing element typically includes a superabrasive layer or table, such as a PCD table, bonded to a substrate. One or more bearing elements may be mounted to a bearing rotor or stator by press-fitting, brazing, or through other suitable methods of attachment. Typically, bearing elements mounted to a bearing rotor have superabrasive faces configured to contact corresponding superabrasive faces of bearing elements mounted to an adjacent bearing stator.
Cutting elements having a PCD table may be formed and bonded to a substrate using an ultra-high pressure, ultra-high temperature ("HPHT") sintering process. Often, cutting elements having a PCD table are fabricated by placing a cemented carbide substrate, such as a cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide substrate, into a container or cartridge with a volume of diamond particles positioned on a surface of the cemented carbide substrate. A number of such cartridges may be loaded into a HPHT press. The substrates and diamond particle volumes may then be processed under HPHT conditions in the presence of a catalyst material that causes the diamond particles to bond to one another to form a diamond table having a matrix of bonded diamond crystals. The catalyst material is often a metal-solvent catalyst, such as cobalt, nickel, and/or iron, that facilitates intergrowth and bonding of the diamond crystals.
In one conventional approach, a constituent of the cemented-carbide substrate, such as cobalt from a cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide substrate, liquefies and sweeps from a region adjacent to the volume of diamond particles into interstitial regions between the diamond particles during the HPHT process. The cobalt may act as a catalyst to facilitate the formation of bonded diamond crystals. A metal-solvent catalyst may also be mixed with a volume of diamond particles prior to subjecting the diamond particles and substrate to the HPHT process.
The metal-solvent catalyst may dissolve carbon from the diamond particles and portions of the diamond particles that graphitize due to the high temperatures used in the HPHT process. The solubility of the stable diamond phase in the metal-solvent catalyst may be lower than that of the metastable graphite phase under HPHT conditions. As a result of the solubility difference, the graphite tends to dissolve into the metal-solvent catalyst and the diamond tends to deposit onto existing diamond particles to form diamond-to-diamond bonds. Accordingly, diamond grains may become mutually bonded to form a matrix of polycrystalline diamond, with interstitial regions defined between the bonded diamond grains being occupied by the metal-solvent catalyst. In addition to dissolving carbon and graphite, the metal-solvent catalyst may also carry tungsten, tungsten carbide, and/or other materials from the substrate into the PCD layer of the cutting element.
The presence of the metal-solvent catalyst and/or other materials in the diamond table may reduce the thermal stability of the diamond table at elevated temperatures. For example, the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the diamond grains and the solvent catalyst is believed to lead to chipping or cracking in the PCD table of a cutting element during drilling or cutting operations. The chipping or cracking in the PCD table may degrade the mechanical properties of the cutting element or lead to failure of the cutting element. Additionally, at high temperatures, diamond grains may undergo a chemical breakdown or back-conversion with the metal-solvent catalyst. Further, portions of diamond grains may transform to carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, graphite, or combinations thereof, thereby degrading the mechanical properties of the PCD material.
Accordingly, it is desirable to remove a metal-solvent catalyst from a PCD material in situations where the PCD material may be exposed to high temperatures. Chemical leaching is often used to dissolve and remove various materials from the PCD layer. For example, chemical leaching may be used to remove metal-solvent catalysts, such as cobalt, from regions of a PCD layer that may experience elevated temperatures during drilling, such as regions adjacent to the working surfaces of the PCD layer.
Conventional chemical leaching techniques often involve the use of highly concentrated and corrosive solutions, such as highly acidic solutions, to dissolve and remove metal-solvent catalysts from polycrystalline diamond materials. However, in addition to dissolving metal-solvent catalysts from a PCD material, leaching solutions may also dissolve any accessible portions of a substrate to which the PCD material is attached. For example, highly acidic leaching solutions may dissolve any accessible portions of a cobalt-cemented tungsten carbide substrate, causing undesired pitting and/or other corrosion of the substrate surface.
In some conventional leaching techniques, a polymeric leaching cup may be placed around a portion of a PCD element or other PCD article to protect the substrate from a leaching solution. A polymeric leaching cup may, for example, surround the substrate surface and a portion of the PCD layer near the substrate. Such leaching cups may, however, provide inadequate protection during leaching. For example, during loading of a PCD article into a leaching cup, a portion of the leaching cup may be torn or otherwise damaged by an edge or chamfer portion of the PCD article. A leaching cup damaged in such a manner may undesirably allow a leaching solution to enter between the leaching cup and the PCD article such that a portion of the substrate of the PCD article is exposed to the leaching solution. Additionally, pinholes may be formed in a leaching cup during ejection of the PCD article from a leaching apparatus following a leaching procedure. Such holes formed in the leaching cup may allow leaching solution to enter the leaching cup and come into contact with a substrate portion of the PCD article. Exposure to a leaching solution may result in undesired corrosion and/or damage to PCD substrates.

Leaching assemblies, systems, and methods for processing superabrasive elements


An isolated polypeptide having negative regulating activity for a heat shock protein is provided. Also provided is an isolated nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide of the invention, methods for identifying inhibitors of the polypeptide and recombinant preparation of the polypeptide. Also provided are compositions such as inhibitor compositions.

Multi-protein complexes, which are the product of protein—protein interactions, participate in a variety of cellular processes. Such exemplary cellular processes include, for example, cell signaling, gene regulation, protein assembly and degradation, and mechanical events such as sarcomere shortening. Conserved structural motifs in many proteins have evolved to facilitate the interaction of specific proteins in the assembly of multi-protein complexes. The tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain is one such structural motif that was originally identified by sequence comparisons among yeast proteins (Hirano et al., Cell, 60:319–328 (1990), Sikorski et al., Cell, 60:307–317 (1990)). The TPR domain contains a 34-amino acid structural motif with a loose consensus that is present, usually as multiple tandem repeats, in proteins with many cellular functions, including mitosis, transcription, protein transport, and development (Lamb et al., Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 20:257–259 (1995)). Structural analysis of the TPR domain demonstrates that it forms two α-helical regions separated by a turn, such that opposed bulky and small side chains form a "knob and hole" structure (Hirano et al., Cell, 60:319–328 (1990)). It is thought that a hydrophobic surface of this particular TPR domain mediates protein—protein interactions between TPR- and non-TPR-containing proteins.
TPR-containing proteins are typically known to play a diverse and important role in cellular function. Several TPR-containing proteins are known to participate in interactions with the major members of the heat shock protein family, Hsp70, Hsc70, and Hsp90. It is believed that these TPR-containing proteins are necessary for appropriate regulation of protein folding and transport. The TPR domains of protein phosphatase 5, cyclophilin 40 (CyP-40), and FKBP52 are known to mediate binding of these proteins to Hsp90 and assist in trafficking of nuclear hormone receptors (J. E. Kay, Biochem. J., 314:361–385 (1996)). A different group of TPR-containing proteins are known to interact with Hsc70 and Hsp70. Hsc70-Interacting Protein (HIP), also known as p48, binds to the ATPase domain of Hsc70, stabilizes the ADP-bound conformation, and increases the affinity for substrate proteins (Höhfeld et al., Cell 83:589–598 (1995)). Hsc70–Hsp90-Organizing Protein (HOP), also known as p60 or Sti1, serves as a coupling factor that facilitates the cooperation between Hsc70 and Hsp90, although it does not directly assist in chaperoning functions (Schumacher et al., J. Biol. Chem., 269:9493–9499 (1994)). In contrast to HIP, HOP interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of Hsc70 (Demand et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 18:2023–2028 (1998)).
In addition to fHP, at least two other proteins are known to regulate the reaction cycle of mammalian Hsc70 and Hsp70. Hsp40 stimulates the ATPase activity of Hsc70 and thus promotes the conversion of ATP-bound, low substrate-affinity Hsc70 to ADP-bound, high substrate-affinity Hsc70 (J. Höhfeld, Biol. Chem., 379:269–274 (1998)). The reverse reaction cycle, which involves exchange of ATP for ADP and loss of substrate affinity, was recently shown to be facilitated by the anti-apoptotic protein BAG-1 (Zeiner et al., EMBO J., 16:5483–5490 (1997)). Whereas HIP inhibits this reverse reaction cycle and stabilizes the ADP-bound conformation, no cellular inhibitors of the forward reaction cycle of the binding of a heat shock protein to a substrate to form a protein—protein complex have yet been identified.
Thus, there is a need for further understanding cellular components that regulate and interact with heat shock proteins, and identifying such cellular components.

Polypeptide that interacts with heat shock proteins

Board of Regents, The University of Texas System


In a four-wheeled buggy which has a pair of front wheels and a pair of rear wheels and a seat arranged around the middle of the vehicle to enable the rider to operate the vehicle in a sitting posture thereon, a pair of right and left main frames are two-dimensionally bent upwardly at the forward sections thereof and adapted to support at the front ends thereof a front wheel axle so as to prevent a front wheel driving device from hitting ground. The rearward sections of the main frames extend horizontally rearwardly to define a lowermost height from ground and are adapted to support a power unit behind the seat close to the rear wheels so as to obtain mass concentration.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a four-wheeled buggy, and more particularly to a body construction of a power-driven four-wheeled buggy provided with each pair of front and rear wheels.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A four-wheeled buggy is known for use as an all terrain vehicle for travelling on a pasture, farm, dune, wasteland or the like. The U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,749,211, 4,773,661, 4,773,675, 4,798,400 and 4,832,399 disclose body constructions in use for such kinds of four-wheeled buggies. In these four-wheeled buggies, a pair of right and left parallel main frames extend rectilinearly in a forward and backward direction of the vehicle and support on the front end thereof a pair of front wheels in such a way as to permit steering through an independent suspension device. On the rear end of the main frames an internal combustion engine and a transmission as a power device are supported in a forwardly and backwardly extending state and a pair of rear wheels are carried through a suspension device at the rear of the transmission. The front or rear wheels are adapted to be driven by power from the internal combustion engine. With respect to the engine, a crank shaft extends laterally to be normal to the travelling direction of the vehicle.
The main frames are formed of large-sized rectangular pipe and above the intermediate points of the main frames a bench type seat is arranged in such a manner that the driver operates the vehicle in a sitting posture thereon. From the viewpoint of strength it is preferable to extend the main frames in close vicinity to the front wheels and to the rear wheels. In the conventional vehicle constructions, however, the rear wheels are carried remote from the main frames, and thus it is required to have the front wheels and the rear wheels arranged close to the main frames. Further, component parts for driving and steering the front wheels are arranged generally around and beneath the front ends of the main frames to be at the lowermost height from ground, so that these parts will be susceptible to hitting the ground due to unevenness thereof, for example, when the vehicle travels on the wasteland. Therefore, if the distance from ground is elevated increased, the seat will be arranged at the higher position because of the horizontally straight configuration of the main frames, thereby incurring the difficulty in getting on and off of the vehicle and thereby causing a center of gravity of the vehicle to go up. As described above, such large-sized main frames are manufactured generally in a straight configuration in view of precision and cost so as to make getting on and off operations difficult and the center of gravity elevated. It is therefore desirable to provide such a main frame construction as not only to enable the rider to easily get on and off the vehicle but also to meet the requirements of a lower center of gravity and of more competent manufacturing. Furthermore, the longitudinally extending power device makes the vehicle longer and the mass concentration of the vehicle disadvantageous, whereby the vehicle may not be compact in construction. Accordingly, it is also desirable to provide as compact vehicle construction as possible to ensure a high driveability.


A display panel, a method for testing a cell gap thereof, and a display device are disclosed. The display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, wherein a light shielding layer is provided on a side of the first substrate close to the second substrate, a portion of the light shielding layer located in a peripheral region includes a plurality of opening areas arranged at intervals, each opening area being provided with a light transmissive layer; and wherein the second substrate has a light transmissive area, an orthographic projection of the light transmissive layer on the second substrate at least partly overlaps with the light transmissive area on the second substrate.

Substrates in the thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) generally comprise a color film substrate and an array substrate. In a cell aligning process, the two substrates are bonded all around by sealant, and in the meanwhile, the sealant can seal liquid crystals in the cell.
There is a problem in the TFT-LCD, i.e., the cell gap in the peripheral area is not uniform. That is to say, the matching problem caused by the film thickness, the photo spacer, the sealant and the like at the edge of the display area may result in non-uniformity of the cell gap in the peripheral area of the display device. One of the consequences due to the non-uniform cell gap is the display failure at the periphery, such as peripheral yellowish, peripheral blueish etc. Generally, the cell gap distribution of the display area (both inside and at edge) can be tested by a cell gap test device using an optical test method. The cell gap distribution can be in correspondence with the yellowish (or blueish) degree of the peripheral. However, conventionally, only the cell gap of the display area can be tested, and there is no effective method to analyze the cell gap in the peripheral area.

Display panel, method for testing cell gap thereof, and display device

HEFEI XINSHENG OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


A system for moving an aircraft thrust reverser component includes a power drive unit, a thrust reverser actuator assembly, and a tertiary lock system. The power drive unit is operable to rotate and supply a rotational drive force. The thrust reverser actuator assembly receives the rotational drive force from the power drive unit and moves the thrust reverser component between a stowed position and a deployed position. The tertiary lock system selectively engages and disengages the thrust reverser component and includes a tertiary lock power unit, an electromechanical tertiary lock assembly, and a voltage limiting circuit. The voltage limiting circuit limits the voltage magnitude of a control signal supplied to the tertiary lock assembly to a predetermined value.

When a jet-powered aircraft lands, the landing gear brakes and aerodynamic drag (e.g., flaps, spoilers, etc.) of the aircraft may not, in certain situations, be sufficient to slow the aircraft down in the required amount of runway distance. Thus, jet engines on most aircraft include thrust reversers to enhance the braking of the aircraft. When deployed, a thrust reverser redirects the rearward thrust of the jet engine to a generally or partially forward direction to decelerate the aircraft. Because at least some of the jet thrust is directed forward, the jet thrust also slows down the aircraft upon landing.
Various thrust reverser designs are commonly known, and the particular design utilized depends, at least in part, on the engine manufacturer, the engine configuration, and the propulsion technology being used. Thrust reverser designs used most prominently with jet engines fall into three general categories: (1) cascade-type thrust reversers; (2) target-type thrust reversers; and (3) pivot door thrust reversers. Each of these designs employs a different type of moveable thrust reverser component to change the direction of the jet thrust.
Cascade-type thrust reversers are normally used on high-bypass ratio jet engines. This type of thrust reverser is located on the circumference of the engine's midsection and, when deployed, exposes and redirects air flow through a plurality of cascade vanes. The moveable thrust reverser components in the cascade design includes several translating sleeves or cowls ("transcowls") that are deployed to expose the cascade vanes.
Target-type reversers, also referred to as clamshell reversers, are typically used with low-bypass ratio jet engines. Target-type thrust reversers use two doors as the moveable thrust reverser components to block the entire jet thrust coming from the rear of the engine. These doors are mounted on the aft portion of the engine and may form the rear part of the engine nacelle.
Pivot door thrust reversers may utilize four doors on the engine nacelle as the moveable thrust reverser components. In the deployed position, these doors extend outwardly from the nacelle to redirect the jet thrust.
The moveable thrust reverser components in each of the above-described designs are moved between the stowed and deployed positions by actuators. Power to drive the actuators may come from a dual output power drive unit (PDU), which may be electrically, hydraulically, or pneumatically operated, depending on the system design. A drive train that includes one or more drive mechanisms, such as flexible rotating shafts, may interconnect the actuators and the PDU to transmit the PDU's drive force to the moveable thrust reverser components.
The primary use of thrust reversers is, as noted above, to enhance the braking of the aircraft, thereby shortening the stopping distance during landing. Hence, thrust reversers are usually deployed during the landing process to slow the aircraft. Thereafter, when the thrust reversers are no longer needed, they are returned to their original, or stowed, position. Once in the stowed position, one or more locks are engaged to prevent unintended movement of the thrust reversers and/or actuators that move the thrust reversers.
Although the number of locks may vary, many thrust reverser systems include primary, secondary, and tertiary locks. Depending on thrust reverser system configuration, one or more primary locks may be coupled to one or more of the actuators, one or more secondary locks (or "brakes") may be coupled to the PDU, and one or more tertiary locks may be coupled to one or more of the thrust reversers.
In some thrust reverser systems, the tertiary locks may be electromechanical type of locks that receive AC electrical power from the aircraft power system. The AC electrical power from the aircraft power system, which is typically around a nominal value of 115 VAC, may be converted to a DC power signal having a much lower voltage magnitude. This DC power signal is in turn used to control the tertiary locks. The aircraft power system may fluctuate, both above and below, the nominal voltage magnitude, which may cause the DC power signal supplied to the tertiary locks to also fluctuate above and below a nominal magnitude. If the DC power signal fluctuates too low below the nominal voltage magnitude, the tertiary locks may not release. If the DC power signal fluctuates too high above the nominal magnitude, one or more components of the tertiary locks can overheat and/or otherwise be damaged.
Hence, there is a need for a tertiary lock system that can accommodate voltage fluctuations in an aircraft power system while supplying DC power to a tertiary lock in a manner that does not prevent the tertiary locks from releasing when commanded to do so, and/or that does not result in one or more components of the tertiary locks overheating and/or otherwise becoming damaged. The present invention addresses at least this need.

Electrical thrust reverser tertiary lock system including a voltage limiting circuit


A split mechanical composite seal assembly for providing a seal between a rotating shaft and a static surface. The split mechanical composite seal assembly includes first and second axially adjacent annular seal elements. The first and second seal elements each include a sealing edge contacting the shaft to provide a respective seal between the first and second seal element and the shaft. A static housing receives the first and second seal elements and engages the static surface to provide a static stationary seal, while concomitantly providing a flex region that engages the seal elements to form a dynamic seal therewith. A holder assembly receives one seal element and may include a double-angled lead-in to facilitate installation of the seal element. The holder assembly may include a detent groove for receiving and retaining an O-ring disposed about the seal element. The static housing may comprise two mating segments having overlapping surfaces.

Conventional mechanical seal assemblies are employed in a wide variety of environments and settings, such as for example, in mechanical apparatuses, to provide a fluid-tight seal. The sealing assemblies are usually positioned about a rotating shaft or rod that is mounted in and protrudes from a stationary mechanical housing.
Split mechanical seals are employed in a wide variety of mechanical apparatuses to provide a pressure-tight and fluid-tight seal. The mechanical seal is usually positioned about a rotating shaft that is mounted in and protruding from a stationary housing. The seal is usually bolted to the housing at the shaft exit, thus preventing the loss of pressurized process fluid from the housing. Conventional split mechanical seals include face-type mechanical seals, which include a pair of sealing rings that are concentrically disposed about the shaft, and axially spaced from each other. The sealing rings each have sealing faces that are biased into sealing contact with each other. Usually, one seal ring remains stationary, while the other ring contacts the shaft and rotates therewith. The mechanical seal prevents leakage of the pressurized process fluid to the external environment by biasing the seal ring sealing faces in sealing contact with each other. The rotary seal ring is usually mounted in a holder assembly which is disposed in a chamber formed by a gland assembly. The holder assembly may have a pair of holder halves secured together by a screw. Likewise, the gland assembly may have a pair of gland halves also secured together by a screw. The sealing rings are often divided into segments, each segment having a pair of sealing faces, thereby resulting in each ring being a split ring that can be mounted about the shaft without the necessity of freeing one end of the shaft ends.
Prior split mechanical seals have rotary and stationary components assembled around the shaft and then bolted on to the equipment to be sealed. A rotary seal face is inserted into a rotary metal clamp after the segments are assembled around the shaft. Then, the stationary face segments and gland segments are assembled and the split gland assembly is then bolted to the pump housing.
Previous split mechanical seal designs posed several problems. A first problem with prior split mechanical seal designs relates to the insertion of the rotary seal ring into the holder assembly that is clamped around the shaft. An O-ring seals the rotary seal face to the clamped holder in an axial direction. The rotary seal face must be pushed into a tight space inside the clamped holder, and some difficulty may often be encountered. The elastomeric O-ring sealing the rotary seal face to the holder needs to be compressed for sealing, and a certain amount of force is required to insert the seal face inside the clamped holder. In addition, since the O-ring tends to grab the seal ring and inhibits sliding, the rotary seal face of prior art mechanical seal assembly designs has a tendency to "pop-out" after being inserted. Further, the movement of the O-ring when installed can result in the O-ring being disposed in an angled position, rather than a more preferred vertical position relative to the rotary seal ring. From the angled position, the installer would be required to move the O-ring back to the original position, which is difficult. This process can require several attempts during installation to have the rotary seal face properly seated inside the clamped holder.
Another important consideration is to maintain perpendicularity of the rotary seal face to the shaft for smooth operation. It is quite possible to have one side of the rotary seal face further inside the clamped holder than the other side. The result is an out-of-squareness condition of the rotary seal face with respect to the shaft axis. This in turn creates a back and forth motion of the stationary seal ring as it tilts from side to side in order to track the rotary seal ring with every shaft revolution. If significant enough, this can result in shortened seal life.
Another problem experienced with prior split mechanical seal designs occurs when excessive torque is applied to the gland bolts while tightening the seal gland to the pump or other equipment housing. This problem is most severe when only two gland bolts are used. Since two and four bolt configurations are the most common bolt designs, bolt slots are typically not provided in an even symmetrical location with respect to the gland splits. Indeed, when two bolts are used the most logical bolt location would be to have them located 90 degrees from the split. If this were done, however, when four bolts are used, the other two bolts would be located right at the split, which is undesirable. To avoid this design occurrence, the slots are located anywhere from about 15 to 45 degrees from the split line.
Therefore when only two bolts are used for the gland assembly, the loading on the gland halves is not symmetrical or even with respect to the split plane. The face gasket which is compressed between the gland and the housing is typically of an elastomeric material which is resilient enough to provide a seal. Given the uneven nature of the clamping load, the bolting force must be transmitted on each side of the split by the joining mechanism of the gland halves. These are typically an alignment pin and a securing screw tangential to the shaft outer diameter (compared to the axial direction of the gland bolts). The alignment pins are quite small in relation to the forces applied, and therefore cannot ensure that the gland halves will not slide against each other thereby distorting the alignment pin and the gland halves. The result is twofold: first there is a reduction in sealing ability of the gaskets between the gland halves, and second, there is an out-of-round twisting of the gland assembly which creates sealing problems with the stationary seal ring.


A stent (1) is a vascular prosthesis for a constricted body vessel. The stent (1) includes a tubular support frame (2) of ring segments (3) arranged in axial succession and formed by struts (5, 6) which in initial state are joined continuously in a wave-like manner. Adjacent ring segments (3) are linked by differently long connectors (9, 10) with U-shaped compensating sections (11, 12). All connectors (9, 10) point in the same circumferential direction (U). Moreover, differently long connectors (9, 10) alternate in circumferential direction (U) as well as in longitudinal stent axis (L).

The invention relates to a stent for treatment of stenoses.
Stenoses are innate or acquired vessel blockages or constrictions of tubular body tubes, such as, for example, windpipe, bronchial tubes, esophagus, bile ducts, urinary passages, aorta, and coronary or other body vessels. Stenoses are oftentimes caused by tumors which exert pressure upon the body tubes. Stenoses can be opened by surgical and non-surgical procedures. Non-surgical procedures involve stents which are introduced into the vessel in the area of the stenosis using catheter techniques. The stents assume the function as vascular prostheses for supporting the inner vessel walls.
Stents are available in different constructions and designs of the support frame. WO 96/26689, U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,027 A, DE 297 02 671 U1 or DE 295 21 206 U1 are mentioned here as examples.
The stents include a tubular support frame of metal which is made of several ring segments. The latter are formed by wave-like or meander-shaped struts which are sequentially joined in an endless manner via arcuate sections. Adjacent ring segments in longitudinal axis of the stent are linked by connectors.
Implantation involves compression of the stents, referred to in the art as crimping. When crimped, the stents are transferred with the aid of a suitable instrument into the area of the stenosis and deposited there, wherein the support frame is expandable from an initial state to a support state of comparably greater diameter. This expansion may occur spontaneously, when so-called self-expanding stents are involved, or may be realized with the aid of a suitable tool, a balloon catheter for example.
Practice has shown that the support frames oftentimes are either unable to provide the necessary radial forces to sufficiently resist a stenosis, or are so designed as to impede the function of the vessel. Other constructions, in turn, cannot be sufficiently crimped or are not flexible enough, when crimped, in order to be able to reliably follow the body vessels and its turns.

Qualimed Innovative Medizinprodukte GmbH


A touch display having advanced-fringe-field-switching liquid crystal structure, including a pixel cell and a multiplexer circuit, wherein the multiplexer circuit is used to couple the pixel cell with a source driver unit to provide a fringe-field-switching display function during a display period, and couple the pixel cell with a touch detection unit to provide a touch detection function during a touch detection period.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a touch device, especially to a touch display utilizing AFFS (advanced fringe field switching) liquid crystal structure.
2. Description of the Related Art
General touch screen apparatuses have a touch module stacked on a liquid crystal screen. However, this kind of touch screen apparatuses tends to have larger depths, which can fail to meet the market requirements on lightness and thinness, and can result in higher material cost.
To cope with this issue, one solution is to integrate two layers of same material, of which one layer belongs to a liquid crystal screen and the other layer belongs to a touch module, into a single layer. However, the depth of a touch screen apparatus reduced by this kind of designs still cannot meet the requirements of some high end products.
Another solution is to integrate a touch function into a liquid crystal display, generally by adding extra electrodes on a thin film transistor layer to form touch capacitors. However, this kind of designs tends to reduce product yield rate and increase manufacturing cost.
To solve the foregoing problems, a novel, slim, and easy-to-manufacture touch screen apparatus is needed.

Touch display having advanced-fringe-field-switching liquid crystal structure


The portable band saw sharpener includes a frame for receiving a saw blade that is to be sharpened. A hand-operated motor is pivotally mounted to the frame for driving a grinding wheel, which engages the teeth of the saw blade. A hand-operated structure releasably holds the saw blade in place during the sharpening of the saw teeth, and the motor is guided along a path matching the contour of the saw blade teeth by a cam and an interchangeable cam track, which may be adjusted for saws of various contours and dimensions. The portable band saw sharpener is adjustable, hand-operated and portable.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a portable band saw sharpener having a portable frame for receiving a saw blade. A hand-operated motor powers a grinding disc, and structure is provided, allowing for the selective and adjustable sharpening of the saw blade.
2. Description of the Related Art
Sharpening devices for saw blades are often bulky and permanently fixed, designed for mounting in industrial factories and tool shops. The sharpeners produce a great burden in terms of time and energy expenditure when such devices are to be transported, assembled or repaired. Additionally, these permanently fixed blade sharpeners are designed for the sharpening of a particular blade or tool type, they are not adaptable to multiple types of blades of varying sizes.
It is desirable to have a sharpening device capable of sharpening the teeth of multiple types of saw blades, in various configurations and sizes. Further, since saw blades are used in a wide variety of locations, from factories to outdoor construction sites, it is also desirable to provide an easily transportable saw blade sharpener.
Thus, a portable band saw sharpener solving the aforementioned problems is desired.


Methods, systems and computer program products target specific consumers for a marketing campaign of goods and/or services by: (a) defining a multi-factorial mathematical model of defined parameters; (b) calculating a numerical value using the multi-factorial mathematical model for respective consumers; then (c) ranking the consumers based on the calculated value associated with the model.

Conventional customer targeting methods for marketing campaigns have been "hard" rule-based, i.e., include these customers and exclude those customers, based on certain data points, such as, for example, product holdings, propensity to buy scores and other data points. Unfortunately, there are limitations of the conventional approach, which for example, include omitting some customers that should be included and including other customers that may be already over-contacted.

Consumer targeting methods, systems, and computer program products using multifactorial marketing models


A system and methods for aerosol delivery of an entity or agent are disclosed. The system and methods can include a target application surface. A nebulizer can be located in close proximity to the target application surface. The nebulizer can include a chamber to hold the entity, a nozzle plate including one nozzle, and a piezoelectric element coupled to the nozzle plate. A power source can be coupled to the piezoelectric element. The power source, when activated, can energize the piezoelectric element to vibrate the nozzle plate to cause the entity to be nebulized through the nozzle to impact the target application surface.

Many drugs appear promising in animal studies but fail in human clinical trials. This presents a need to substitute or complement animal studies with in vitro models capable of reconstituting the key structural and mechanical features of whole organs. While in vitro microfluidic models have been developed to capture the relevant features of whole organs, drugs need to be delivered to the cells without perturbing the air-liquid interface in order to study cell response to drugs in such models. Generally, an aerosol is generated off-chip, e.g., with a commercial nebulizer and then is delivered to cells inside the microfluidic model. However, in order to increase deposition efficiency and/or allow more accurate and localized dosing, devices and methods that allow liquid micro-droplets or solid particles to be generated on-chip and delivered from the micro-channel ceiling in on-demand fashion are in need.
In vitro cell culture has been traditionally performed with fully submerged cells, where an active agent to be investigated is added to the cell culture medium completely covering the cells. For primary contact organs such as lung, nose, oropharynx, skin, or eye, this represents an unrealistic way of exposure, since the in vivo exposure occurs at the air-liquid interface. Thus, in vitro culture of primary cells or cell lines derived from these organs at the air-liquid interface coupled with direct exposure to nebulized entities of interest better mimics physiological conditions.
A number of systems for exposing cells at the air-liquid interface to nebulized entities have been previously utilized. Such systems rely mainly on deposition by gravitational settling, convection and diffusion, inertial impaction, and electrostatic forces. In these systems, depending on the type of solid particle or liquid droplet generation desired, nebulization is performed by different means including spark discharge generators, dry powder inhalers, pneumatic nebulizers, and vibrating mesh nebulizers. Commercially available systems for studying the effects of airborne substances on cells cultured at air-liquid interface are for example available from VITROCELL Systems GmbH and Cultex Laboratories GmbH.
Because entities in these systems are nebulized in generators that typically require a relatively large air flow rate for their optimum performance (e.g., pneumatic nebulizers) and delivered to a chamber containing the cells over a long path by a pump, deposition suffers from low efficiency. For example, deposition efficiency of a system for exposing cells to ultrafine carbonaceous particles was 2%. Higher deposition efficiencies of 15-30% are achieved for depositing charged nanoparticles using electrostatic forces. However, the deposition efficiency values are upper limits for the overall deposition efficiency as they do not account for additional losses due to, for example, residual mass in particle generator, losses in the transport lines and waste of material during the transient turn-on/turn-off cycles of the deposition.
Direct consequences of low deposition efficiency include increased cost, in particular when more expensive compounds are used. Because the exposure systems are frequently used to investigate the effects of toxic compounds on cells, low deposition efficiency results in generation of a large volume of air that represents a hazard to personnel operating the system. Also the air must be disposed as toxic chemical waste requiring employing expensive scrubbers to comply with toxic chemical waste disposal regulations.
Another consequence of low deposition efficiency is more difficult determination of the deposited dose as the deposited dose cannot be simply implied by measuring the loss of mass of source material in the nebulizer. Only the more recent exposure systems contain real time monitoring sensors of the deposited dose. Typically, such systems use a quartz crystal microbalance sensor placed instead of cells into the deposition chamber. Such sensors add to the complexity of the system.
One approach for increasing overall deposition efficiency is to use nebulizers that have low residual volume, short turn-on/turn-off time and do not rely on nebulization by airflow. Nebulizers based on vibrating mesh technology meet these requirements and have been used for delivering aerosol to humans, animals, and cells inside cell culture systems. While vibrating mesh nebulizers have been used as a source/or generator of aerosol for cells cultured at the air-liquid interface, vibrating mesh nebulizer was required to be used in combination with a pumping device to deliver the aerosol to the cells from a high position.
Piezoelectric droplet ejectors have been used in commercial nebulizers for pulmonary drug delivery. In these nebulizers, aerosol is generated with a plate containing an array of nozzles. The nozzle plate is vibrated at frequencies typically between 100 and 200 kHz either actively with an annular piezoelectric element surrounding the nozzle plate or passively by vibrating horn transducer generating vibrations that are transmitted to the nozzle plate through a liquid medium. Vibrations of the nozzle plate result in expulsion liquid through the nozzles in form of fine droplets. Examples of commercial products employing vibrating mesh technology include Aerogen Aeroneb nebulizers with OnQ™ Aerosol Generator, Omron NE-U22V MicroAir VM nebulizers, PARI Pharma GmbH eFlow® Trio® nebulizers or Beurer IHSO nebulizers. Aerosol generated by vibrating mesh is characterized by fine droplet fraction, narrow droplet size distribution and low velocity. For example, Aerogen sells vibrating mesh nebulizer AeronebLab with droplet median diameter of 2.5-4.0 μm. However, these existing nebulizers cannot be used for close-proximity delivery of an active agent to a target, e.g., a cell in vitro without disturbing air-liquid interface as described herein, because the existing piezoelectric droplet ejectors are configured and constructed to be used in combination with a pump for delivering the aerosol from a high position (e.g., ˜100 mm-200 mm) to large surface area, e.g., by cloud settling, at a high flow rate, thus resulting in a very low deposition efficiency (e.g., about 7.2% efficiency).
The generated aerosol in current nebulizers requires delivery by a pump, for example at a flow rate of 5 L/min to a 20-L deposition chamber. Therefore, the droplets are deposited on cells by cloud settling from approximately 200 mm in height. The overall deposition efficiency for exposing cells on Transwell® inserts in two six well plates was found to be 7.2% using such a nebulizer. Accordingly, there are no existing in vitro aerosol delivery devices that can allow an active agent to be nebulized a short distance (e.g., from hundreds of microns to several millimeters) directly above the cells at an air-liquid interface. Thus, there is a need to develop novel devices and methods that can be used for in vitro aerosol delivery with higher deposition efficiency and thus decrease the cost of disposing hazardous aerosols.

Devices and methods for in vitro aerosol delivery

President and Fellows of Harvard College


Integrated circuit memory devices are manufactured by forming spaced apart source and drain regions in an integrated circuit substrate, and an insulated gate on the integrated circuit substrate therebetween. An interlayer insulating layer is formed on the integrated circuit substrate, including first and second conductive pad contacts which extend therethrough and which electrically contact the source and the drain region, respectively. A trench is formed in the interlayer insulating layer, including in the second conductive pad contact. A first insulating layer is formed to line the trench, except for adjacent the second conductive pad contact. A buried bit line is formed in the trench, electrically contacting the second conductive pad contact through the first insulating layer. A second insulating layer is formed on the first insulating layer and on the buried bit line, except for adjacent the first conductive pad contact. A patterned storage electrode is formed on the second insulating layer, which electrically contacts the first conductive contact pad.

As is well known to those having skill in the art, integrated circuit dynamic random access memories (DRAM) comprise an array of memory cells, each of which includes a transistor and a capacitor. In order to increase the cell capacitance, it is known to increase the surface area of the capacitor plates, reduce the thickness of the dielectric material, and/or use a dielectric material having a high dielectric constant, such as tantalum dioxide.
One technique for increasing the surface area of the capacitor plates, uses a "stacked cell" process rather than a planar process. Unfortunately, as the integration density of DRAMs continues to increase, the use of stacked cells may reduce the process margin during manufacture of the DRAM. These reduced process margins may make it difficult to increase the integration density of the DRAM.
As the integration density of DRAMs continues to increase, the cell capacitance generally tends to decrease as the memory cell area is reduced. Reduced capacitance may reduce the ability to accurately read data from the memory cell, and may increase the soft error rate. DRAM operation may become difficult at low voltage without excessive power consumption.
For example, if a 64 megabit DRAM includes a memory cell area of about 1.5 .mu.m.sup.2 using a two dimensional stacked memory cell, it may be difficult to obtain sufficient capacitance even when using a material having a high dielectric constant. Thus, a three dimensional stacked capacitor has been proposed to increase the capacitance. A conventional method for manufacturing an integrated circuit memory device will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 3.
Referring to FIG. 1, a transistor having a drain region 5, a source region 7 and a gate electrode 9 is formed on an active area defined by a field oxide film 3 which acts as an inactive area of a semiconductor substrate 1. Also, an insulating film 11 for insulating the gate electrode 9 is formed in a predetermined shape. Next, a first interlayer insulating film 15 is formed on the entire surface of the resultant structure, and partially etched to form a bit line contact hole. Then, a conductive material is deposited to fill the bit line contact hole, and is patterned to form a buried bit line 13 connected to the drain region 5.
Subsequently, a second interlayer insulating film 15' is formed on the structure on which the bit line 13 and the transistor are formed. Thereafter, the first and second interlayer insulating films 15 and 15' which are stacked on the upper part of the source region 7, are partially etched to form a storage node contact hole 17.
Referring to FIG. 2, a polysilicon film 19 is formed so as to bury the storage node contact hole 17 and have a predetermined thickness on the second interlayer insulating film 15'. A photoresist pattern 21 for forming a storage electrode is formed on the polysilicon film 19.
Referring to FIG. 3, a storage electrode 19a is formed by partially etching the polysilicon film 19 using the photoresist pattern 21 as an etch mask. Also, a dielectric film 23 and a conductive plate electrode 25 are formed on the entire surface of the silicon substrate 1 on which a storage electrode 19a is formed. Thus, a memory device having a capacitor is manufactured.
However, according to the above-described conventional method for manufacturing a capacitor of a memory device, the first and second interlayer insulating films 15 and 15', which insulate the bit line 13 electrically connected to the drain region 5 of the transistor, may increase the step difference between the storage node 19a and source region 7. Therefore, in forming a contact hole for electrically connecting the storage node 19a to the source region 7, an overlay margin or focus depth may be reduced. Accordingly, the probability of generating a misalignment of the storage node and the source region may increase, or the source region may not be fully opened, thereby reducing the performance of the device.

Methods for manufacturing integrated circuit memory devices including trench buried bit lines


A communication device that is capable of communicating with a mobile terminal in cooperation with another communication device, and is capable of communicating with the mobile terminal via the other communication device. This communication device characteristically includes: a mode selecting unit configured to select one of a cooperative communication mode and a relayed communication mode, the cooperative communication mode being for transmitting notification information to the mobile terminal, the notification information being for causing the other communication device to perform a cooperative communication, the relayed communication mode being for causing the other communication device to relay notification information to the mobile terminal; and a mode information transmitting unit configured to transmit mode information to the other communication device, the mode information indicating a result from the mode selecting unit.

As a communication system in which mobile terminals and base stations perform wireless communications, a communication system using relay stations has been suggested. In such a system, base stations communicate with mobile terminals via relay stations. Accordingly, communications can be performed with mobile terminals the radio waves from the base stations cannot reach. That is, the communication areas of the base stations can be made wider. Also, as base stations and relay stations cooperate to communicate with mobile terminals, the communication rate with mobile terminals can be made higher (Non-Patent Document 1, for example).
Non-Patent Document 1: J. N. Laneman, "Cooperative Diversity in Wireless Networks: Algorithms and Architectures," Ph. D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., Aug. 2002

Communication devices, mobile terminal, in a cooperative communication system


A method and apparatus for providing multiple functions using nanotube threads comprising: a first nanotube thread and a second nanotube thread, the first nanotube thread and the second nanotube thread arranged to form a mesh, wherein the first nanotube thread further comprises a measurable invariant property and the second nanotube thread comprises a measurable variant property.

The capability to provide multiple functions for a single device provides convenient savings in physical space and costs. One traditionally single-tasked device is an antenna. Antennas used in the communication of electromagnetic signals have been developed with a concern for size reduction while providing high fidelity information during transmission and/or reception. Patch antennas have been a preferred choice of radio frequency (RF) front end design for their reliability and low profile topology. Such a profile makes them ideal for wireless systems where physical space on a wireless device is limited. Patch antennas are also lightweight and enable mounting onto various surfaces that are not suitable for dipole, wire loop, or multi-element antennas. The patch antenna has proven to be quite effective for a variety of applications, including terrestrial and satellite communications systems and various electromagnetic scanning arrays due to its low-profile, planar structure, reasonable bandwidth, and excellent gain.
Antenna material composition is crucial in ensuring the efficient and accurate transmission and/or reception of wireless signals. The conductivity of these materials plays a critical role in not contributing to attenuation or distortion of signals already degraded by environmental factors experienced during propagation. Traditional patch antennas are constructed from conductive metals such as copper.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a traditional microstrip patch antenna. FIG. 1 depicts a patch antenna 100 mounted on a substrate 115. An electromagnetic wave is transmitted and/or received according to a radiating edge or slots (shown as 125, 130) of the patch antenna 100 given its length 105 and width 110. Radiating slots 125 and 130 produce a broadside radiation pattern 145. When the substrate thickness 140 is small, radiation is approximated by horizontal magnetic currents circulating the perimeter of the patch antenna 100 over a ground plane 135. Communication of signals received or to be transmitted by the patch antenna 100 is achieved using an impedance matched microstrip feed line 120.
Military personnel and first responders carry various equipment to communicate with others and provide environmental information about their surroundings. For example, personnel may carry a wireless communications device as well as an environmental condition detector (e.g. temperature, pressure, gas, and the like). Carrying numerous devices decreases mobility, agility, and effectiveness of the user.
Thus, there is a need in the art for a method and apparatus that can provide a multifunction sensor (e.g. both wireless communication as well as gas detection) in a compact lightweight form factor.

Method and apparatus for providing a multifunction sensor using mesh nanotube material

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army


A fifth-wheel hitch assembly is provided that converts a gooseneck hitch installed on a vehicle into a fifth-wheel hitch for receiving a kingpin. The hitch assembly generally includes a base assembly, a T-arm assembly for securing the gooseneck ball or gooseneck post of the installed gooseneck hitch, and a hitch head. The T-arm assembly includes a mechanism for pulling up on the gooseneck hitch, thus securing the base assembly against the vehicle bed.

The invention relates generally to a fifth wheel hitch, and more particularly to a fifth-wheel hitch assembly device for converting a gooseneck towing system to a fifth wheel hitch towing system.
The popularity of gooseneck towing has increased dramatically. Fifth wheel towing has also increased in popularity. Fifth wheel travel trailers have steadily become more common due to the size and weight of many new campers. Consumers frequently need to use both a gooseneck hitch and a fifth wheel hitch.
Gooseneck hitches have the advantage of providing a hitch when towing is required, but when a level truck bed is desired, the gooseneck ball can be removed to provide such a level surface as the frame of the gooseneck hitch resides underneath the truck bed. Typical fifth wheel hitches do not offer this capability; standard fifth wheel hitches are not easily removable to provide a level truck bed.
There are many different types of gooseneck hitches available, but few products are available that convert a gooseneck hitch to a fifth-wheel hitch. One product with this capability is the Companion hitch created by B & W Custom Truck Beds, Inc. The Companion hitch works exclusively with the B & W gooseneck trailer to convert the B & W gooseneck hitch to a fifth-wheel hitch.
A need exists for a device that has the capability to convert any gooseneck hitch to a fifth-wheel hitch.


A protecting sheath for an IV infusion set of the type including a length of tube with a hollow needle at one end, and a pair of outwardly projecting flexible wings adjacent the end of the tubing with the needle is disposed on the tube and adapted to be slid over the needle to cover the needle. The sheath includes a hollow generally tubular body having a forward end oriented toward the needle and a rearward end oriented away from the needle. The body has at least three longitudinally extending fingers separated by slots extending from the forward end of the body toward the rearward end. Each of the slots is dimensioned to receive only one of the wings to allow at least part of sheath to be slid past the wings to cover the needle after use.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a protective sheath for butterfly needles and, in particular, to an IV infusion set with a protective sheath to protect accidental needlesticks from such infusion sets.
2. Prior Art
Accidental needlesticks from contaminated medical equipment such as syringes and IV equipment poses serious risks to healthcare professionals. Even maintenance personnel who dispose of the used medical equipment are at risk. Hepatitis, AIDS and other diseases can be, and sometimes are transmitted by accidental needlesticks from needles used on infected patients.
Attempts have been made to combat the problem of accidental needlesticks from syringes. See, for example, the devices disclosed in prior U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,654,034, 4,681,567, 4,740,204 and 4,740,204. Moreover, attempts have been made to specifically prevent needlesticks from IV equipment. See, for example, the devices disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,572,334, 4,140,108, 4,160,450, 4,170,993, 4,676,783, 4,781,692, 4,820,282, 4,834,708, 4,846,808, 4,888,001, 4,917,669, 4,935,011, 4,941,881, 4,943,283, 4,969,876, 5,120,320.
In particular, U.S. Pat. No. 4,941,881 discloses an IV infusion set with a sheath which includes a length of tube having a hollow needle at one end of the tube. A sheath is slidably disposed on the tube and is adapted to be slid over the needle to cover the needle after it has been used. The sheath includes means for locking the sheath in its position covering the needle to prevent needlesticks from the used needle. The IV infusion set is of the type having outwardly projecting flexible wings adjacent the needle and the means for locking the sheath preferably comprise means for engaging the wings. The sheath comprises a hollow generally tubular body having a forward end oriented toward the needle and a rearward end oriented away from the needle. The body has one longitudinally extending slot extending from the forward end of the body toward the rearward end. The slot is adapted to receive the wings to allow at least part of the sheath to be slid past the wings to cover the needle. The forward end of the slot widens to a generally V-shaped mouth to facilitate the passage of the wings into the slot. The sheath may include a cut-out in the body at the rearward end of the slot for receiving and engaging the wings to lock the body in its position covering the needle.
The present invention provides an improvement to the IV infusion set and sheath disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,941,881 the subject matter of which is incorporated herein by reference thereto. The present invention affords an improved sheath construction which significantly minimizes the possibility of improper operation and jamming of the used needle relative to the sheath during the sheathing operation.

Protective sheath for butterfly needles and IV infusion set and sheath assembly


An associative memory is provided having a first control bus arrangement (any type, Vr, cpb, set.s, match, r/w.s, r/w.b, r/w.r, Wand.a, Wand.b, Wor, s.a, reset.b, mode.a mode.a*, prech, ba, mode.b, grant.b, prio etc) for external control and a second memory bus arrangement (t1, t2, id, anv, v0, v1, v2, v3) for data. The memory includes several storage cells (1) for storing a composed information. Each storage cell stores at least one mark, which indicates at least select state(s) or non select state(s) for said storage cell. The mark(s) are set by search operations among said cells. A priority decoder (2) is provided to which all said storage cells are coupled and which selects one out of several of said storage cells. At least one global bus (4, 5) is provided for making logical operations of the type AND and OR between said storage cells. A closure head (11) is provided in each storage cell for communicating with said buses and to control said storage cell to take part in an actual logical operation. Each storage cell includes a number of data object storage fields (IDENTITY, ENVIRONMENT, VALUE/DES..sub.0, VALUE/DES..sub.1, VALUE/DES..sub.2, VALUE/DES..sub.3), which are able to store a data word and at least one of said marks, being in form of tags.

A conventional associative memory has storage cells divided into an associative area and a storage area. The writing of information into an associative memory is made without address. The cell area is commonly arranged as shift registers.
The computer was invented during the 1940:s. Since then it has been developed with a revolutionary speed. In spite of this it is hard to understand that current days computers have almost the same architecture as the first ones.
Most improvements have been in the hardware. The introduction of VLSI and the enhancement in lithography has made it possible to build computers on chips that five years ago were super computers. The dimensions have shrunk exponentially and the line width is now less than 1 micrometer. The clock rate as well as the number of active transistors have increased many orders of magnitude. Physical limitations will limit the line width to 0.2 micrometer.
During the same time the computer architectures have not improved in the use of silicon. On the contrary, most computers have been using more than optimal amount of silicon in order to be faster. Both these facts will stop the evolution of the speed of single processors in the next five years. Parallel processors are introduced at an increased price of the hardware because of rising complexity and, for most types of programs, a prohibitive increase of programming costs.
Seen in relation to each other, the hardware costs have shrunk but the programming costs of new systems have grown considerably and will coon be at a prohibitive level--there are not enough programmers in the world.
A computer is a complicated assembly of different units of software and hardware. Different paradigms and stages in the evolution have created standards--ad hoc and established--that are spread throughout the system. Because of this nonuniformity there are a great number of interfaces.
All these interfaces and paradigms of different quality have created a very great complexity.
Recently however so-called reduction processors are developing. A reduction processor includes an active storage, in which a program having a certain structure including arithmetic expressions is stored, and this structure is reduced in a number of reduction steps. Thus, the program is not executed in a given sequence as in other kinds of computers.
There have been some difficulties in developing reduction processors above a limited size.

200
MS
File;900
MS
File
FSS 400;425
FSS 49


A projection lens includes a first lens group, a second lens group and a third lens group, all of which are arranged in sequence from an projection side to an image source side along an optical axis. The first lens group is with negative refractive power and includes four lenses. The second lens group is with positive refractive power and includes two lenses. The third lens group is with positive refractive power and includes a stop and six lenses.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a projection lens.
2. Description of the Related Art
In general the back focal length of a projection lens is about 20 mm so that optical components disposed between the projection lenses and image source are limited in thickness or number. Therefore, the design of projector is liable to constraint.


A method for forming a color filter is provided. The method comprises steps of providing a substrate having a passivasion layer formed thereon. The substrate has at least one complementary metal-oxide semiconductor formed therein and the passivasion layer has at least trench formed therein in a peripheral region of the substrate. At least two adjacent color filter blocks are sequentially formed over the passivasion layer and the color filter blocks comprises a first color filter block and a second color filter block. The first color filter block and the second color filter block are disposed within a display region of the substrate. Moreover, the material for forming the first color filter, which is formed prior to the formation of the second color filter block, further fills the trench in the peripheral region simultaneously with a formation of the first color filter block.

1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates to a method for forming a semiconductor device. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for forming a color filter.
2. Description of Related Art
Recently, various displays comprising Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), Field Emission Display (FED), Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), and Plasma Display Panel (PDP) have come to be widely used in daily life, such as those applied in TVs, computers, projectors, mobile phones, and personal audio-visual fittings.
The difference among different types of displays lies in the imaging manner. One of them utilizes a light source, several optical elements composed of prism groups, and multiple panels corresponding to each beam. The principle thereof is that the light source (white light) is filtered into three primary color beams, R, G, B, with the prism groups, and then modulated with three panels to make the image signals carried in the three beams. Finally, the images can be synthesized by optical elements, such as, dichroic prisms and lenses. However, the three panels comprise a micro-display.
The micro-display can be applied in various kinds of displays, such as, LCD or OLED. However, besides the display region for forming the color filter thereon, the substrate further comprises the peripheral region having trenches serving as die seal ring or openings for exposing the metal pad underneath. Hence, during the different color filter layers are formed over the substrate to form the color filter array, the step high of the trench would lead to the striation effect of the color filter layers. The striation of the color filter layers extends from the trenches within the peripheral region of the substrate into the display region of the substrate. Therefore, the display performance is degraded.


The present invention provides a composite phase retarder and an organic light emitting display apparatus using the same. The organic light emitting display apparatus comprises an organic light emitting display panel and the composite phase retarder. The composite phase retarder comprises a quarter wave (λ/4) phase retarder, a polarizer and a pattern retarder stacked in sequence. The present invention can be applicable to display 3D images and enhance a display contrast of the organic light emitting display apparatus.

Recently, with technological advantages, many types of display apparatus have been widely applied in flat panel displays (FPDs), such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), electro luminescence (EL) displays or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. The OLED display has many characteristics in its properties including superior light, thin, entire solid, high luminescent, high-speed response, etc., and thus it is suitable for the flat panel displays.
At present, the LCDs are capable of displaying three dimension (3D) images. However, the OLED display capable of displaying 3D images is still required to be developed.
In addition, in a general OLED display, ambient light rays are likely to be reflected by metal electrodes of the OLED display, thereby deteriorating a display contrast of the OLED display.
As a result, it is necessary to provide a composite phase retarder and an organic light emitting display apparatus using the same to solve the problems existing in conventional technologies such as above-mentioned.

Composite phase retarder and organic light emitting display apparatus using the same

SHENZHEN CHINA STAR OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.


An improved baffle for a pony rod arm of a two cycle reciprocating pump having a gear end containing gear oil and a fluid end channeling oilfield fluids, provides a spiral cut expanded baffle which may be expanded to be installed on a pony rod arm of the pump without requiring the disassembly of the pump to install the baffle on the rod arm, the expanded baffle compressed and attached together subsequent to installation on the rod arm, the baffle slidably engaging the rod arm to strip the rod arm of liquid residue to prevent contamination of the gear end and the gear oil by the oilfield fluids.

1. Field of Invention
An improved baffle for a pony rod arm of a two cycle reciprocating pump having a gear end containing gear oil and a fluid end channeling oilfield fluids, provides a spiral cut expanded baffle which may be expanded to be installed on a pony rod arm of the pump without requiring the disassembly of the pump to install the baffle on the rod arm, the expanded baffle compressed and attached together subsequent to installation on the rod arm, the baffle slidably engaging the rod arm to strip the rod arm of liquid residue to prevent contamination of the gear end and the gear oil by the oilfield fluids.
2. Description of Prior Art
The following United States patents were discovered and are disclosed within this application for utility patent. All relate to some form of a baffle. U.S. Pat. No. 4,163,723 to Romano discloses a liquid-solid separator having anti-swirl baffle to reduce turbulence in a vessel, the baffles disclosed as internal projections within the vessel. A replaceable piston seal is indicated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,960,700 to Staggs, which is disclosed as a polymeric piston seal constructed with slight tolerances to enhance the interference fit within a corresponding cylinder liner on a mud pump to wipe the cylinder wall to prevent seepage of drilling mud between the seal and the cylinder wall.
The present baffle is an improvement to prior art baffles within two cycle reciprocating pumps, as represented in FIGS. 1-4 of the drawings.


A near field optical apparatus comprising a conductive sheet or plane having an aperture therein, with the conductive plane including at least one protrusion which extends into the aperture. The location, structure and configuration of the protrusion or protrusions can be controlled to provide desired near field localization of optical power output associated with the aperture. Preferably, the location, structure and configuration of the protrusion are tailored to maximize near field localization at generally the center of the aperture. The aperture preferably has a perimeter dimension which is substantially resonant with the output wavelength of the light source, or is otherwise able to support a standing wave of significant amplitude. The apparatus may be embodied in a vertical cavity surface emitting layer or VCSEL having enhanced nearfield brightness by providing a conductive layer on the laser emission facet, with a protrusion of the conductive layer extending into an aperture in the emission facet. The aperture in the emission facet preferably has dimensions smaller than the guide mode of the laser, and the aperture preferably defines different regions of reflectivity under the emission facet. The depth of the aperture can be etched to provide a particular target loss, and results in higher optical power extraction from the emission facet.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention pertains generally to near-field optical devices and methods, and more particularly to an optical emitter apparatus and method utilizing a conductive plane with a resonant aperture configured for near field localization. The invention may be used with edge emitting, corner emitting and surface emitting semiconductor lasers as well as other near field radiation sources.
2. Description of the Background Art
Near-field optical techniques require the use of radiation source apertures and distances on the order of generally less than the wavelength λ of the radiation source. Near field optical technologies offer high optical data storage densities, increased microscopic resolution, and other advantages. Near field technologies have utilized surface and edge emitting lasers, tapered optical fibers with metallized surfaces, and solid immersion lens techniques.
One class of semiconductor lasers which has appeared promising for near-field applications are vertical cavity, surface emitting lasers or VCSELs. These surface or top-emitting lasers generally have laser cavity or "post" with an active region surrounded by stacks of interleaved quarter wave semiconductor layers which define mirrors about the active region laser cavity. The active region can be in is in bulk form or have single or multiple quantum well, quantum wire and/or quantum dot structures therein. There are also p- and n-type conductive regions included on opposite sides of the active region, and the VCSEL can be turned on and off by varying the current through the p-n junction diode.
Top surface emitting GaAs, AlGaAs, AlGaInP, InGaAs, InGaAsP and InP VCSEL devices are relatively easy and inexpensive to manufacture, and generally can be produced via low-cost, high volume semiconductor IC fabrication methods using metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) techniques. The laser cavity structures are typically deposited or grown vertically on a substrate and have an emission face defined by ion implantation, lateral oxidation, by polyimide or other dielectric, or free-standing post. The lateral oxidation and dielectric encapsulant techniques will generally provide for a lower effective refractive index in the region bounding the core of the laser structure, resulting in improved optical confinement relative to the ion implanted emission face. However, VCSEL devices of both types generally have been demonstrated with good reproducibility, uniformity and reliability.
Currently available VCSEL devices can be designed to effectively provide transverse and longitudinal mode laser light with a relatively high degree of intrinsic polarization. VCSELs also provide a radially symmetric Gaussian near-field with low divergence angle, which simplifies coupling to optics or fibers. An important drawback of VCSEL devices, however, is that they provide relatively low single mode optical power output compared to edge emitting lasers. The limitation on power output has limited the use of VCSEL devices in near-field technologies. Edge-emitting diode laser devices are known which provide higher optical power, but such devices are much more difficult and expensive to manufacture, and further require relatively large drive currents for operation.
For the purposes of near field optical recording, the total power requirement is modest and within the capability of the VCSEL device.
However, the power density at the emission facet is greatly reduced relative to the edge emitter. Since in near field applications it is the power density which is operative, the conventional edge emitter is advantaged over the conventional VCSEL.
There is accordingly a need for a near field optical device which provides high optical power density, which provides good near field localization, and which can be embodied in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, edge emitting lasers and other radiation sources. The present invention satisfies these needs, as well as others, and generally overcomes the deficiencies found in the background art.


A method and system for controlling fresh air flow into a controlled environment are disclosed herein. The method comprises: measuring, using a sensor, a predetermined property in the controlled environment; estimating, by a controller, a number of people inside the controlled environment based on the measured property, and setting, by the controller, a rate of fresh air flow to the controlled environment based at least in part on the estimated number of people inside the controlled environment.

Environmental control systems (ECSs) are for controlling the air environments in enclosed spaces, such as in vehicles. In particular, the systems and methods described herein may be used in vehicles such as aircraft, spacecraft, submarines, or any other vehicle wherein humans or animals may be present within the enclosed space so that some control of its internal environment is required.
Known ECSs, that provide conditioned air to occupants in an aircraft cabin, are the most energy demanding among all the aircraft sub-systems. A bleed ECS consumes up to 75% of the non-propulsive power during cruise conditions, and up to 5% of the total power produced by the engines. This energy is mainly used to compress the outside air to a suitable pressure for the cabin environment. Today, ECSs rely on a prescribed fresh air flow (FAF) per passenger (0.25 kg air/min per FAA regulations) to dilute contaminants generated within the aircraft cabin, to provide adequate oxygen, and to maintain cabin pressurization. FAF is usually calculated assuming a full load of passengers on the aircraft. As the fuel consumption of the ECS is largely related to its delivery air flow, the ability for the system to automatically determine the minimum total required air flow is important to achieve optimal energy consumption of the aircraft. Although other methods exist to evaluate the number of passengers, the ability for the system to independently and automatically determine it is attractive from a complexity viewpoint.