A process for producing polyphenylene ether involves to keep a combustible solvent at a gaseous concentration below the minimums of explosion, to keep oxygen gas supplied at a gaseous concentration below the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) of the solvent, and to make use of a reactor having a rotary-sealed mixer sealed with magnetic rotary feedthroughs to prevent static electricity generated, and then to improve safety and yield thereof.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to preparation of polyphenylene ether, and more particularly to a process for producing polyphenylene ether to improve safety and yield thereof.
2. Description of Related Art
Polyphenylene ether (PPE) is a polymer mainly contained of benzene rings and formed by benzene molecules and oxygen atoms combined with ether linkages. PPE has good thermal and mechanical stability, and its coefficients of thermal expansion, formation compressibility and creep as well as water absorption are all low. These properties contribute to excellent processability and formability. PPE also possesses outstanding electrical properties due to its low dielectric loss and good insulating quality. Over wide ranges of temperature, frequency and humidity, its dielectric constant and dissipation factor almost remain unchanged, so PPE has great dielectric performance.
Conventionally, polyphenylene ether (PPE) is made by oxidizing and polymerizing carbon atoms and oxygen atoms of 2,6-dimethylphenol (2,6-DMP) and oxygen (O2) in the presence of an organic solvent and a coordination complex catalyst formed by copper and amine. Additionally, when 2,6-DMP is co-polymerized with a phenolic compound having functional groups, a desired modification of 2,6-DMP can be achieved to further improve PPE's property. For example, 2,6-DMP and a bisphenol can be co-polymerized to form a bisphenol-modified 2,6-DMP at its two terminals having OH functional groups, wherein the bisphenol is tetramethylbisphenol-A (TMBPA), tetramethylbisphenol-F (TMBPF), tetramethylbiphenol (TMBP) or 4-bromo-2,6-dimethylphenol (BDMP). Alternatively, 2,6-DMP can be co-polymerized with alkenyl phenol to form an alkenyl phenol-modified 2,6-DMP that has alkenyl functional groups, wherein the alkenyl phenol is 2-allyl-6-methylphenol (AMP) or 2-butenyl-6-methylphenol (BMP).
The reaction for forming PPE has to be performed in the presence of oxygen, an organic solvent such as toluene or alcohol solvent and a catalyst. Therein, o oxygen is known as a combustion-supporting gas or agent, and the organic solvent is a combustible material, while the processing equipment tends to produce static electricity, which acts as an igniter. In other words, the conventional PPE preparation involves all three essentials of combustion, i.e. a combustion-supporting agent, a combustible material and an igniter. If the process is not properly designed, the reaction for producing PPE is very dangerous and highly explosive.
For prevention of explosion, a known approach controls the combustible organic solvent kept its gaseous concentration below the minimums of explosion thereof to eliminate explosive factors associated with the combustible. Additionally, the reaction equipment of producing PPE is mainly designed to prevent from generation of static electricity (i.e. the igniter).
However, for gain a high yield of PPE, pure oxygen or oxygen regarded as a combustion-supporting agent is used at a high concentration even going beyond the limiting oxygen concentration (abbreviated as LOC) of relative reaction solvent thereof. Accordingly, the whole process for producing PPE still has a persistent risk factor from the combustion-supporting agent thereof.
As shown in FIG. 1, in a known oxidation polymerization process for producing PPE (abbreviated as PPE-producing process), an apparatus implemented has an oxidation-polymerization reactor 10, provided therein with a traditional impeller mixing device 20. The impeller mixing device 20 uses a rotatory shaft 21 to drive vanes 22 at the terminal of the rotatory shaft 21 to rotate and thereby stir a solution of PPE (abbreviated as PPE reactant) 30. While the vanes 22 rotate, an oxygen nozzle 60 immersed in the PPE reactant 30 may introduce a high-pressure oxygen gas into the PPE reactant 30, so that the rotating vanes 22 promote the contact between oxygen gas and the PPE reactant 30, making the PPE reactant 30 get an oxidation polymerization in the presence of the oxygen gas and a catalyst, thereby obtaining the desired PPE.
Since the supplied oxygen is not effectively contacted with the PPE reactant 30, and the catalyst in use is a copper-amine complex, water is generated during process for producing the PPE and degrades the reaction. Consequently, the resultant PPE yield is too low to support industrial manufacturing. Especially, for preventing explosion, the whole PPE-producing process is performed under a low-oxygen condition, which brings further limitation to the PPE yield. Besides, the traditional impeller mixing device 20 uses a mechanical seal on the rotatory shaft 21, and tends to cause leakage of oxygen and generation of static electricity, making the production of PPE highly dangerous.

Process for producing polyphenylene ether helping to improve safety and yield


Disclosed herein is a process for improving mechanical properties and thermal stability of composites of poly(vinyl chloride) and at least one natural fiber comprising including in said composite an agent comprising a polymer or copolymer comprising at least one alkali metal salt of at least one polymerized ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid. Articles of manufacture comprising the stabilized PVC are also disclosed.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the field of additives, and, more specifically, to wood sizing agents for poly(vinyl chloride)-wood composites used as building materials for decking, railing, window lineals, roofing shingles, fencing, siding, furniture, and the like.
2. Description of Related Art
Wood-poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites are materials that look like wood and are used on a large scale in the building industry because of their low-cost maintenance and resistance to biological degradation. Being a component of the composite material, wood is known to negatively affect mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, impact strength, or flexural strength. These properties can be improved by assuring good adhesion of the PVC to the wood particles by preventing the thermal degradation of the PVC.
Attempts to improve the adhesion of PVC to wood particles have been directed primarily to the use of compatibilizers, such as those listed in the following groups:
Unsaturated, epoxy, amino, thio-alkyl trialkoxysilanes:                U.K. Patent Application GB 2 192 397 A;        Kotka, B. V., et al., J. Vinyl Technol. 12:146-153 (1990);        Matuana, L. M., et al., Polymer Composites 19:446-455 (1998);        Rodriguez-Fernandez, O. S., et al., Proceedings ANTEC 2002 (2002).
Isocyanates and polymeric isocyanates:                U.K. Patent Application GB 2 192 398 A;        Maldas, D., et al., J. Reinforced Plastics and Composites 8:2 (1990);        U.S. Pat. No. 6,248,813.
Carboxylic acids, anhydrides and polymeric anhydrides:                Matuana, L. M., et al., Polymer Composites 19:446-455 (1998);
Carboxylic acids:                Kotka, B. V., et al. Polymer Composites 11:84-89 (1990).        U.S. Pat. No. 6,210,792.
Chlorinated polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride copolymers:                Guffey, V. O., et al., Proceedings ANTEC 2002 (2002).        European application No. 0046579
Phenol-, melamine-, urea-formaldehyde resins:                Natow, M. et al., Plaste und Kautschuk 29:277-278 (1982);        Canadian Patent No. 763,000;        U.S. Pat. No. 4,594,372.
Acrylonitrile, methacrylates, vinyl acetate, acrylicimide, styrene and acrylamide polymers and copolymers:                U.S. Pat. No. 6,210,792;        U.S. Pat. No. 5,981,067.
The following types of stabilizers are listed in the literature for use in PVC-wood composites:
Organotin thioglycolates and laurates:                U.S. Pat. No. 5,981,067        U.S. Pat. No. 6,015,612;        U.S. Pat. No. 6,210,792;        Joo, Y. L., et al., Proceedings Intern. Polymer Processing XIV: 10-20 (1999);        Mengeloglu, F., et al., J. Vinyl & Additive Technol. 6:153-157 (2000).
Tribasic lead sulfate, lead stearate:                U.S. Pat. No. 4,594,372        French Patent No. 2 514 773;        European Patent Application No. 0 284 058 A2;        Rusu, M., et al., Industria Usoara 30:504-508 (1983).
Barium acetate:                Kotka, B. V., et al., J Vinyl Technol. 12:146-153 (1990);        Kotka, B. V., et al. Polymer Composites 11:84-89 (1990).
Alkyltin reverse esters sulfides, alkyltin maleates, and complex mixtures of calcium and zinc carboxylates and/or acetylacetonates:                R. Bacaloglu, P. Kleinaluth, P. Frenkel, P. Reed, and C. Coursen, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/827,823, filed Apr. 20, 2004.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,981,067 relates to a composite pellet comprising a thermoplastic polymer and wood fiber composite that can be used in the form of a linear extrudate or thermoplastic pellet to manufacture structural members. The fiber can be modified to increase compatibility. The polymer and wood fiber composite may contain an intentional recycle of a waste stream which can comprise adhesive, paint, preservative, or other chemical waste stream common in the wood-window or door manufacturing process. The initial mixing step before extrusion of the composite material insures substantial mixing and melt contact between molten polymer and wood fiber. The extruded pellet is said to comprise a consistent proportion of polymer, wood fiber and water.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,667 discloses polymer/wood fiber composite structural members that can be manufactured in an extrusion process engineered to produce materials that are said to be of high quality. The composite can be in a linear extrudate or pellet and can have a cross-section of any arbitrary shape, or can be a regular-geometric or of arbitrary-amorphous shape. The extruded material comprises a consistent proportion of polymer, wood fiber and water. During the extrusion, water is removed intentionally to dry the material to a maximum water content of less than about 10 wt-% based on the pellet weight. To make a structural unit, the pellet is introduced into an extruder apparatus wherein, under conditions of controlled mass throughput, shear, mechanical energy input, controlled temperature and pressure, the composite material is produced.
Godavarti, S., Proceedings ANTEC 2003:2044-2046 (2003) a method to monitor quality of wood fiber reinforced thermoplastics based on the free, unreacted acid in the composite.


A mold system includes a carrier platform and an adjustment mechanism. The carrier platform is provided to arrange at least one mold member. The adjustment mechanism includes at least two adjustment units arranged on the carrier platform. Each of the adjustment units includes a positioning member and an electrically-driven adjustment member pivotally-connected therewith. In adjustment operation, the positioning members commonly engage with the mold member and are driven by the electrically-driven adjustment members.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mold system having electrically adjusting and positioning functions. More particularly, the present invention relates to an adjustment mechanism of the mold system providing a fine adjustment of movement and rotation.
2. Description of the Related Art
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,732,442, entitled "Precise mechanism for load port adjustment," discloses an apparatus and method for adjusting the position of a load port utilized in a semiconductor wafer processing system. However, the mechanism fails to disclose electrical adjustment for adjusting positions.
Taiwanese Patent Pub. No. 1330567, entitled "Rotary and micro-adjustment mechanism for a double-drive and synchronous positioning platform," discloses a rotary and micro-adjustment mechanism for a double-drive and synchronous positioning platform (such as a gantry). However, the adjustment mechanism fails to disclose electrical adjustment for adjusting positions.
Taiwanese Patent Pub. No. M322721, entitled "Adjustment of an electrical slide mechanism," discloses an adjustment of an electrical slide mechanism for adjusting and positioning a carrier seat. However, there is a need of improving the adjustment of the electrical slide mechanism.
Taiwanese Patent Pub. No. 405522, entitled "Electrical adjustment of an upper mold of a vacuum molding mechanism," discloses an adjustment of an electrical mechanism for adjusting an upper mold by a motor. However, there is a need of improving the adjustment of the electrical mechanism.
Taiwanese Patent Pub. No. 1279306, entitled "Adjustment mechanism for adjusting relative positions of injection nozzles of an injection device," discloses an adjustment mechanism for adjusting relative positions of injection nozzles along X and Y axes. However, there is a need of improving the adjustment of the electrical mechanism.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,491,049, entitled "Apparatus for hot embossing lithography," discloses an apparatus for hot embossing lithography, including a press mold, a substrate, a first heating device, a second heating device, and a vacuum chamber. However, the apparatus fails to disclose how to precisely adjust fine positions of the press mold.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,625,513, entitled "Hot embossing lithography method," discloses a hot embossing lithography method, including the step of aligning a press mold with a polymer thin film. However, the method fails to disclose the step of precisely adjusting fine positions of the press mold.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,114,941, entitled "Hot embossing auto-leveling apparatus and method," discloses a hot embossing auto-leveling apparatus which has an air-floating spherical bearing between a lower mold and a base. In operation, the lower mold is adjusted against an upper mold by the air-floating spherical bearing. However, the apparatus fails to disclose how to precisely adjust fine positions of the upper and lower molds.
The above-mentioned patents are incorporated herein by reference for purposes including, but not limited to, indicating the background of the present invention and illustrating the state of the art.
As is described in greater detail below, the present invention provides an adjustment mechanism of a mold system having electrically adjusting and positioning functions. A plurality of electrically-driven adjustment units is operated to adjust fine movement and rotation of a mold member in such a way to mitigate and overcome the above problem.

Adjustment mechanism of mold system having electrically adjusting and positioning functions

National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences


Ferroelectric metal oxide crystalline particles are produced by first producing nanoparticles of a ferroelectric metal oxide and dispersing the nanoparticles in a gas phase. Then, the nanoparticles are processed by heat treatment with the nanoparticles being maintained in the gas phase in a dispersed state. The nanoparticles may be produced by using a laser ablation method. The ferroelectric metal oxide may have a perovskite crystal structure.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of producing ferroelectric metal oxide crystalline particles of particle sizes on the order of nanometers (hereinafter referred to as "nanoparticles") and, more particularly, to a method capable of producing high-purity, high-crystallinity ferroelectric metal oxide crystalline particles.
2. Description of the Related Art
Spontaneous polarization of a ferroelectric material has two thermodynamically stable states of opposite directions of polarization. The direction of polarization of the ferroelectric material can be changed by applying an external electric field to the ferroelectric material.
Full-scale practical application of nonvolatile memories utilizing the foregoing distinctive features of ferroelectric materials has been growing in recent years. Development of new recording mediums using ferroelectric materials have made progress in recent years. Those nonvolatile memories and new recording mediums realize high-density recording by inverting the polarization of minute regions of the ferroelectric material with an atomic force microscope or the like. A ferroelectric metal oxide having a layered structure (perovskite structure) of bismuth oxide as a crystal structure, such as SrBi2Ta2O9 (abbreviated to "SBT"), is the most suitable ferroelectric material for fabricating the nonvolatile memories and the new recording mediums.
There has been growing request for increasing the number of components per nonvolatile memory or recording medium, and miniaturization of nonvolatile memories and recording mediums in recent years. High-purity, high-crystallinity fine crystal grains of a ferroelectric metal oxide of particle sizes not greater than 50 nm are necessary to fabricate high-capacity memories having a high storage capacity not lower than 100 gigabit/in2.
A generally used conventional method of producing such fine crystal grains of a high-purity, high-crystallinity ferroelectric metal oxide deposits an amorphous precursor thin film on a silicon wafer by a sol-gel method or a CVD method, and subjects the precursor thin film to a heat treatment to crystallize the precursor thin film.
This conventional method needs to process the thin film of the ferroelectric metal oxide by the heat treatment, and hence has difficulty in simultaneously controlling both the size and the crystallinity of the fine crystal grains of the ferroelectric metal oxide. Although fine crystal grains on the order of nanometers can be produced when a ferroelectric metal oxide is heat-treated at a low temperature, a large amount of impurities remain in the ferroelectric metal oxide; and the crystallinity is reduced because the temperature for the heat treatment is low. The nanoparticles of the ferroelectric metal oxide thus produced are not suitable for use as a ferroelectric material for forming nonvolatile memories and new recording mediums. On the other hand, although high-purity, high-crystallinity fine crystal grains of a ferroelectric metal oxide can be produced when the ferroelectric metal oxide is heat-treated at a high temperature, crystals grow excessively and it is difficult to produce fine crystal grains on the order of nanometers.

Method of producing ferroelectric metal oxide crystalline particles


The present invention provides a standardized interface between an conversion program and an applications program where the conversion program processes input data for the applications program. The interface advantageously provides in place conversion of the input data when the applications program operates in a multi-window environment. By using a standardized interface, applications programs may be simplified, while any conversion program may be reused in conjunction with any applications program.

A Japanese word-processor requires input characters to be converted into a different character set. The Japanese language consists of three different character sets. One character set is known as Kana, and another is known as Kanji. The third set is not pertinent for this application. Kana characters are phonetic symbols, while Kanji characters are hieroglyphic and represent entire words or phrases. A string of Kana characters may be phonetically equivalent to a fewer number of Kanji characters. For a single set of Kana characters, it is possible to convert it into more than one set of Kanji characters. That is, different Kanji characters may have the same pronunciation with different meanings.
Japanese writing requires both Kana and Kanji characters. The appropriate Kanji symbol must replace certain combinations of Kana characters. Using a Japanese word processor, a user inputs Kana characters into a computer via a Kana-labeled keyboard. A Kana-to-Kanji conversion program generally displays the Kana characters input then is intermediate conversion result which are possible Kanji characters for substitution. The user selects the appropriate Kanji characters from the displayed candidates. The selected characters are then substituted into the input string by the Kana-to-Kanji conversion program before the input string is output to the applications software. Such a Kana-to-Kanji converter is well known in the prior art.
Some Kana-to-Kanji conversion programs provide in-place conversions. The input string and intermediate conversion appear at the input cursor position. When the substitution is made, the selected Kanji characters are inserted at this cursor position. In-place conversions have an advantage over other conversion methods which provide a separate conversion line to display the input string and intermediate results because the user can focus only on the cursor position rather than both conversion line and cursor position.
Development of a Kana-to-Kanji conversion program requires considerable technical expertise and labor. In implementing a Japanese text-oriented applications program, it is desirable to separate the Kana-to-Kanji conversion program from the applications program, rather than embedding the Kana-to-Kanji conversion program in the applications program. One advantage of separation is that it becomes easier to separately develop the two programs. With a well-defined interface between the conversion program and the applications program, it is possible to reuse the conversion program or one can modify either the applications program or the conversion program without affecting the other program. Such independence allows the user to choose any Kana-to-Kanji conversion programs available in the market with which he feels comfortable. He can even develop one to obtain more sophisticated man-machine interface for Kana-to-Kanji conversion without modifying the applications program itself.
Many work station-based applications programs run in a multi-window environment to provide a favorable man-machine interface. However, it is not easy to perform the in-place conversion in a multi-window-based applications program. When in-place conversion takes place, the Kana-to-Kanji conversion program must know the input cursor position of the applications program in order to open an overlapping conversion window at the cursor position and to display the phonetic expression and its intermediate conversion results as if the applications program did it. Commonly available multi-window systems do not provide a means for a conversion program to directly acquire the cursor position in the application program's window. In order to solve this problem, the structures shown in FIGS. 1 (A) and 1 (B) have been employed in the prior art.
One modular arrangement in the prior art shown in FIG. 1 (A) has the applications program module, the user interface module, and the Kana-to-Kanji conversion module. Since the conversion module is a part of the applications program, the current cursor position is readily available to the conversion module.
An example shown in FIG. 1 (B) in the prior art separates only the Kana-to-Kanji conversion module from the applications program, but combines user interface as an integral part of the applications program. This is rather straightforward because the Kana-to-Kanji conversion algorithm performed in the Kana-to-Kanji conversion module shown in FIG. 1 (B) does not require the information on the cursor position. Although this modular arrangement 1 (B) has an advantage over FIG. 1 (A) in that the Kana-to-Kanji conversion program can be reused, the user interface, which would require considerable labor, has to be rewritten for each new applications program. Because the user interfaces are usually different for each language, for example Japanese and Korean, the structure of FIG. 1(B) wherein the user interface is buried in the body of the applications program will be a bar to implementing the language-independent applications program. In addition, it is more difficult to change the Kana-to-Kanji conversion programs, since the changes affect the user interfaces.

Method for linking an applications program and a conversion program


A method and system for confirming the identity of a product in a security system and for determining sales-related information pertaining to the products. One or more products are associated with a product identification element, such as a bar code or an RFID tag. A reader or a scanner within the system receives a signal from the product identification element containing product identity information about the product. The system further includes a camera that captures a video image of the product. Signals representing the product identity information and the video image of the product are forwarded to a data correlation unit that determines if the product associated with the product identity information matches the product in the video image.

Bar code technology has been in existence since the early 1950s. Retail stores, particularly supermarkets, starting using bar codes on products that contain data that identifies the product to which the bar code is affixed. When the bar code is scanned, the product information, i.e., a product number, is sent to a host database that associates the number with a record in its database that holds information about the product. The required information, i.e., the price, is then transmitted back to the checkout counter.
Radio frequency identification ("RFID") systems are also generally known in the art and are used in a variety of applications, including automated tracking, identifying and authenticating of items, security systems and managing inventory. A RFID system typically includes one or more readers (also commonly referred to as interrogators) and RFID tags (also commonly referred to as markers or transponders). The RFID reader transmits a radio-frequency carrier signal to the RFID tag. The RFID tag may respond to the carrier signal with a data signal encoded with information stored by the RFID device. RFID readers are typically positioned at locations where it is desired to control or receive information from the RFID tags that are affixed to items, such as goods, assets, documents or livestock. Reader locations may include entry and/or exit points, inventory control points, or transaction terminals.
While barcode and RFID systems provide important information to a retail store, for example, informing the store owner what products are being purchased, the barcode system or the RFID system need not be the exclusive system for determining the identification of products. Certain scenarios dictate that an additional layer of surveillance is desired. For example, camera surveillance might be beneficial in addition to barcode or RFID information in order to protect the unauthorized purchase of items, to evaluate purchasing dynamics such as what products are purchased from which store locations, by whom and when, and to more accurately and more quickly determine the level of items in a store's inventory.
An example of how a wrongdoer might manipulate an existing barcode or RFID system in order to pay less for an expensive item is known in the art as "sweethearting." In sweethearting, a wrongdoer selects an item, often an expensive item, from a store's shelves and takes the item to the checkout counter (also referred to as the "Point of Sale" or "POS"). The prospective purchaser has a confederate that works for the store at the POS. Instead of scanning the item, which contains a valid RFID tag or barcode that identifies the product and its purchase price, the cashier covers the product's tag and instead sweeps an alternate bar code taped to his or her wrist or even a less expensive product. The alternate bar code identifies a different item that costs less than the item brought to the POS by the wrongdoer. Thus, the wrongdoer ends up paying less for the product. It is desirable to have a system and method which can be used to visually verify that the item brought to the POS for purchase is actually the item being rung up, i.e., entered into the POS system.
Also, while a barcode or RFID system determines when items are being purchased, they often fall short of supplying other information such as when an item was removed from a store's shelves, the type of person that removed the item from the shelf (i.e., sex, age of the purchaser), and how long the purchaser lingered in from of a store's shelf or cart before actually selecting the item. Further, while RFID tags on items in inventory can be quickly scanned to determine how many of a particular item are stored in inventory, the scanning of items only occurs at specific times, e.g., at the end of the day or at the end of the week. Obtaining "real time" information regarding a store's inventory cannot accurately be obtained. In other words, the inventory information is only as accurate as the last RFID system "sweep."
What is therefore needed is a system and method for correlating video information with RFID product identification information in order to provide a more robust and effective product management, identification and security system.

Item identification using video recognition to supplement bar code or RFID information


It is an object to provide an information processing apparatus capable of attaining proper energy savings in accordance with a facsimile transmission/reception operation and capable of being driven with a battery. To perform facsimile transmission/reception in a system suspend state, information representing that a system has been resumed for FAX transmission/reception is used to turn off the power supply of a device unnecessary for this operation. At the end of this operation, a suspend state is restored.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an information processing apparatus having a facsimile communication function (FAX modem IC card unit) and an energy saving function (suspend-state mode) and capable of being driven with a battery.
2. Related Background Art
A conventional notebook personal computer capable of being driven with a battery and having a facsimile communication function (FAX modem IC card unit) and an energy saving function (suspend-state mode) is available.
When the system of this personal computer set in a suspend state is to perform facsimile reception in automatic call reception, the personal computer detects a ring signal from a communication line and is resumed. The personal computer then disables the energy saving function and powers on the entire system, thereby performing a receiving operation.
When the system of this personal computer is to transmit facsimile transmission image data at a designated time, the system detects an RTC (Real Time Clock) interrupt in its suspend state and is resumed. The personal computer then disables the energy saving function of the system and powers on the entire system, thereby performing a transmitting operation.
In the prior art described above, however, since the system is resumed to shift the operation from the suspend state to facsimile transmission/reception, and the entire system is powered on to perform the transmitting/receiving operation, the power supply of a device (e.g., a display) unnecessary for transmission/reception is also turned on and operated. The energy saving function is wasteful.
After automatic reception/transmission, the system does not resume operation of the energy saving mode, that is, does not shift to the suspend-state mode, until no operator input has been detected continuously for a predetermined period of time, even though the system has detected that the system is in a state in which the operator is not using the personal computer. Accordingly, even though nobody is using the personal computer, the entire system is powered on for a predetermined period of time thus wasting power.


Aspects of the present disclosure provide systems and methods directed toward monitoring transactions between computing resources of a computing system. A transaction agent may monitor transactions between computing resources and generate transaction log information corresponding to the transactions. A current transaction rate for a current time period and a previous transaction rate for a previous time period may be automatically obtained based on transaction log information. The current transaction rate may be compared to the previous transaction rate, and a transaction rate alert may be generated responsive to determining that the previous transaction rate exceeds the current transaction rate. A current and previous transaction latency average may also be obtained based on transaction time information of the transaction log information. The transaction latency averages may be compared, and a transaction latency alert may be generated responsive to determining that the current transaction latency average exceeds the previous transaction latency average.

A business enterprise may employ service gateways to route transactions between computing resources of a computing system. The service gateway may include a transaction monitoring agent to monitor the transactions and generate transaction logs. Some transaction monitoring agents store the transaction information in the transaction logs using a raw data format. As a result the transaction information contained in these types of transaction logs is not easily accessible and is not readily understandable to an end user. Furthermore the transaction logs might only be utilized during an investigation into the cause of a technical issue that has already occurred at the computing system. As a result an enterprise might not take full advantage of the information contained in the transaction logs to maintain the health and status of its computing systems. Therefore a need exists for improved approaches to utilizing the transaction log information collected by transaction monitoring agents of service gateways.


A new Diascia plant particularly distinguished by pink flowers with reddish markings on the inner part of the flower, medium-green foliage with medium to large rounded leaves, medium to vigorous growth habit with semi-upright branches, uniform and round plant habit, and early to flowering is disclosed.

The present invention comprises a new and distinct cultivar of Diascia, botanically known as Diascia barberae, and hereinafter referred to by the cultivar name 'Dala Pinka'. The new cultivar originated from a hybridization made in 2002 in Andijk, The Netherlands. The female parent is a proprietary Diascia plant designated 'DSY-16-1' (unpatented), having lilac-rose flower color and the male parent is a proprietary Diascia plant designated 'DSY-2-1' (unpatented), having a salmon flower color. The seeds produced by the hybridization were sown in November 2002, and the resulting seedlings were selected in February 2003. A single plant selection was chosen for further evaluation and for asexual propagation in the summer of 2003.
The new cultivar was created in 2002 in Andijk, The Netherlands and has been asexually reproduced repeatedly by vegetative cuttings and tissue culture micropropagation in Andijk, The Netherlands over a two-year period. The plant has also been trialed at Gilroy, Calif., and Andijk, The Netherlands. The present invention has been found to retain its distinctive characteristics through successive asexual propagations.
Plant Breeder's Rights for this cultivar were applied for in Europe on Jan. 24, 2005 and in Canada on Jul. 19, 2005.


An apparatus and method for altering the drivability of a vehicle so as to alert a driver of the vehicle of a potentially hazardous condition. The vehicle has at least one sensor configured to detect the potentially hazardous potential. Additionally, the vehicle has a control system for directing a transmission of the vehicle to perform a transmission operation that catches the driver's attention by generating an acceleration or deceleration. The transmission operation is preferably an upshift, a downshift, an unlocking of a torque converter lockup clutch or a locking of the lockup clutch. In one embodiment, the control system directs the transmission to perform more than one transmission operation, the transmission operations defining a transmission operation cycle. In a preferred embodiment, more than one transmission operation cycle is performed. Potentially hazardous conditions include traffic in front of the vehicle, a second vehicle approaching from the rear, an upcoming curve in the road, an approaching speed limit or an upcoming banked portion of the road.

The present invention pertains to a control system for a motor vehicle, and, more particularly, to using transmission shift modulation to alert a driver of the vehicle for a potential driving hazard.
Modern vehicles often include hazard warning and driver assist systems that alert drivers of potential driving hazards, with some systems actually intervening in the operation of the vehicles to avoid those hazards. There are a variety of such systems including, for example, adaptive cruise control systems, blind spot detection and warning systems, city safety systems, collision mitigation by braking systems, forward collision warning systems and rear collision warning systems. These systems use forward, side and rear sensors to determine potential driving hazards, either warning the driver or intervening, such as by applying the vehicle's brakes, to avoid the driving hazard. The forward sensors generally provide environmental information such as traffic conditions and road conditions (e.g., road curvature) in front of the vehicle, while the side sensors measure environmental information to the side of the vehicle such as whether a second vehicle is in the driver's blind spot. The rear sensors are typically used for reverse driving to detect obstacles or potential rear-end collisions from another vehicle.
These systems use audio or visual cues based on the detection of a potential hazard to warn the driver. Unfortunately, because of a proliferation of such cues, along with other driver distractions, they do not always catch the driver's prompt attention. Therefore, it would be beneficial to provide another cue or warning that effectively attracts the driver's attention and does not require the driver to look away from the road.

Method and system for warning a driver of a motor vehicle


A blade (30′) for a gas turbine has an airfoil (31) and a blade root (32) for mounting the blade (30) on a rotor shaft of the gas turbine. The airfoil (31) is provided with cooling channels (33, 35) in the interior thereof, which cooling channels (33, 35) preferably extend along the longitudinal direction and can be supplied with cooling air (45) through cooling air supply passages (40-43) within the blade root (32). The blade root (32) includes a blade channel (40) running transversely through the blade root (32) and is connected to the cooling channels (33, 35), and an insert (41) is inserted into the blade channel (40) for determining the final configuration and characteristics of the connections between the blade channel (40) and the cooling channels (33, 35).

1. Field of Endeavor
The present invention relates to gas turbines, and more specifically a blade for a gas turbine.
Especially, the invention relates to designing rotor blades of an axial-flow turbine used in a gas turbine unit. The turbine rotor includes a rotating shaft with axial fir-tree type slots where several blade rows and several rotor heat shields are installed alternately one after another.
2. Brief Description of the Related Art
The schematized section of a gas turbine stage is shown in FIG. 1. The turbine 10 of FIG. 1 includes a stator 12 and a rotor 11. The stator 12 represents a housing and includes a vane carrier 15 with stator heat shields S1-S3 and vanes V1-V3 mounted therein. The stator 12 concentrically surrounds the rotor 11 and defines a hot gas path 13. Hot gas 16 generated in a combustion chamber (not shown) passes through profiled channels between the vanes V1-V3, hits against blades B1-B3 mounted in shaft slots of a rotor shaft 14, and thus makes the turbine rotor 11 rotate.
Inner platforms 23 of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage blades B1, B2 and B3, in combination with intermediate rotor heat shields R1, R2, form the inner outline of the turbine flow or hot gas path 13, which separates the cavity of rotor cooling air transit (cooling air 17) from the hot gas flow 16. To improve tightness of the cooling air flow path between adjacent blades in the circumferential direction, sealing plates 29 are installed. When cooling the rotor shaft 14, cooling air 17 in this design flows in the axial direction along a common flow path between blade roots 24 and rotor heat shields R1, R2 and enters in turn into the internal cavity (cooling channels) of the blade B1, then into that of the blade B2 and that of blade B3 (cooling air 18).
Turbine blades used in present day efficient gas turbine units are operated under high temperatures with minimum possible air supply. Striving towards cooling air saving results in complication of internal blade channel configurations. Therefore, the blade manufacturing process is very complicated. After blade casting, a problem frequently occurs in elimination (etching out) of a ceramic (casting) core from the blade internal cavity (cooling channels).
FIGS. 2 and 3 show the external configuration and internal channel geometry, respectively, of a typical gas turbine blade according to the state of the art. The blade 19 includes an airfoil 20 with a leading edge 21 and trailing edge 22, and a blade root 24 with an inlet 25 for supplying the internal cooling channel structure (FIG. 3) with cooling air. Blade root 24 and airfoil 20 are separated by a platform 23. The internal cooling channel structure includes a plurality of cooling channels 20 and 27a-c, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the blade 19. Usually, some parallel cooling channels 27a-c are connected in series to build one meandering channel, as is shown in FIG. 3. Such a meandering channel 27a-c results in a blind tube or dead end zone 28, which rules out any possibility that a liquid flow-through could be established to remove (by wet etching) ceramic core rests from there; this fact makes the manufacturing process more expensive and sets up a danger concerning the presence of detrimental remains of the core in internal blade channels.
If the blade cooling scheme of the gas turbine blade in question cannot be simplified without generating significant cooling air losses, then a technological possibility for a guaranteed and complete removal of the ceramic core from the internal blade cavity should be provided.

Blade for a gas turbine, method for manufacturing a turbine blade, and gas turbine with a blade


Provided is a liquid silicone rubber coating composition, including predetermined quantities of (A) an organopolysiloxane containing 2 or more Si atom-bonded alkenyl groups, (B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane containing 2 or more SiH groups, (C) an addition reaction catalyst, (D) a finely powdered silica with a specific surface area of at least 50 m2/g, (E) an organosilicon compound containing an epoxy group and a Si atom-bonded alkoxy group, and (F) an oxyzirconium compound. The composition is useful for producing a silicone rubber coating layer on the substrate surface of a curtain air bag. The air bag suppresses leakage of the inflator gas, thus enabling the inflation time to be sustained for a satisfactory period.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a liquid silicone rubber coating composition that is ideal for producing air bags for vehicles and the like, wherein a film of a silicone rubber coating is formed on a fibrous fabric such as 6,6-nylon, 6-nylon or polyester, and is particularly suited to the production of curtain air bags, which unlike the air bags installed for the driver's seat and passenger seat, are housed along the edge of the roof from the front pillar, and must be capable of maintaining an inflated state for a certain period of time in order to protect the region around the head and prevent people being flung from the vehicle during a collision or rollover of the vehicle, and also relates to a curtain air bag having a silicone rubber coating layer comprising a cured product of such a composition, and a method of producing such an air bag.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Conventional air bag silicone rubber compositions used for forming a rubber coating on a fibrous fabric, include the compositions described below. For example, patent reference 1 discloses a liquid silicone rubber coating composition for an air bag that exhibits excellent adhesion to base fabrics, prepared by adding an inorganic filler, an organopolysiloxane resin, and an epoxy group-containing organosilicon compound to an addition curable composition. Patent reference 2 discloses a liquid silicone rubber coating composition for an air bag that develops excellent adhesion to base fabrics upon heat curing for a short period, prepared by adding an inorganic filler, an organopolysiloxane resin, an organotitanium compound, and an alkyl silicate or alkyl polysilicate to an addition curable composition. Patent reference 3 discloses a silicone rubber coating composition for an air bag with excellent thin-film coating properties, in which the viscosity of a vinyl group-containing organopolysiloxane is restricted to not more than 8,000 centipoise. Patent reference 4 discloses a liquid silicone rubber composition for coating that is used in the production of a silicone rubber-coated base fabric with reduced tackiness, and is prepared by adding a wet silica with an average BET specific surface area within a range from 150 to 250 m2/g and an average particle size of not more than 20 μm to a rubber coating composition.
However, when these compositions are used in curtain air bag applications, because all of the compositions suffer from inferior adhesion to the air bag base fabric, none of the compositions is able to satisfactorily suppress leakage of the inflator gas to enable the inflation time to be sustained for a satisfactory period.
Addition-curable compositions containing a zirconium compound which is related to the present invention are disclosed in Patent References 5 to 8. However, the zirconium compounds described as examples in these references are four-coordinate compounds, but oxyzirconium compounds used in the present invention are not disclosed therein.
[Patent Reference 1] U.S. Pat. No. 5,877,256
[Patent Reference 2] JP 2002-138249 A
[Patent Reference 3] JP 2001-287610 A
[Patent Reference 4] U.S. Pat. No. 6,387,520
[Patent Reference 5] U.S. Pat. No. 4,742,103
[Patent Reference 6] JP 4-178461 A
[Patent Reference 7] EP 0497349 A2
[Patent Reference 8] U.S. Pat. No. 5,625,022

Liquid silicone rubber coating composition, curtain air bag, and method of producing same


An interconnect apparatus comprises first node circuitry for performing first node operations to service data access requests in respect of a first range of memory addresses and second node circuitry for performing second node operations to service data access requests in respect of a second range of memory addresses. The interconnect comprises interface circuitry to: receive a retry indication in respect of a data access request from the first node and forward the retry indication to the requester circuitry; responsive to determining that the interface circuitry has capacity for the data access request, transmit a reissue capacity message to the requester circuitry; receive a reissued data access request from the requester circuitry; and issue the reissued data access request to the second node circuitry. The second node circuitry is responsive to receiving the reissued data access request to service the data access request.

The present technique relates to the field of processor interconnects. Such interconnects can be used to provide a connection between devices such as processors, memories, etc. Such devices can be "master" devices which issue requests via the interconnect to be handled by "slave" devices. For example, a master processing device may issue to a storage slave device, via the interconnect, a request for data that is stored in the storage slave device.
Some interconnect devices include node circuitry for performing operations to service data access requests. An example of such a request would be a processor issuing a request for data that is stored in a memory, where both the processor and memory are connected to the interconnect. These operations may for example include serialisation operations required in support of data access requests targeting a memory such as a dynamic random access memory.
Multiple nodes can be included in an interconnect such that, for example, each node performs operations to service data access requests in respect of a different range of memory addresses.
It may be the case that the full bandwidth capacity of the interconnect is not utilised, for example if the rate of servicing data access requests is relatively low compared with a maximum rate, such that the interconnect is operating at a lower bandwidth. In many interconnects, all nodes continue to draw power in such situations.

Methods and apparatus for reconfiguring nodes and reissuing data access requests


Providing control of a first computing device from a second computing device, including accessing an electronic message received by an electronic message application in the first computing device from the second computing device, extracting a command from the received electronic message, selecting from a plurality of function calls at least one function call corresponding to the extracted command, initiating execution of the at least one function call, obtaining output data from each executed function call, composing an output electronic message for each executed function call, the output electronic message being directed to a specific address and containing the output data from the executed function call, and sending each output electronic message via the electronic message application to the specific address.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention concerns providing remote access to a local computer, such as the user's home computer, via e-mail. A user utilizes the e-mail application of a remote computer, wireless device, such as a wireless telephone or paging device, or personal digital assistant with a wireless modem, to send commands via e-mail to the local computer. In this manner, the remote user can access the operating system, e-mail application, internet browser and other applications on the local computer, without the need for special software on the remote computer or device.
2. Description of the Related Art
It is often desirable for a user to remotely access a local computer in order to obtain data from the local computer or to execute commands on the local computer and obtain the results from such executed commands. For example, when away from home, a user may want to remotely access the user's home computer to check e-mail messages received on the home computer or to control the e-mail application on the home computer, such as to redirect the user's e-mail messages to another e-mail address. In addition, the user may want to remotely access the home computer in order to access a web page via the web browser on the home computer, or to execute operating system commands on the home computer.
There are many known applications for providing a user with remote access to a local computer, however these known applications have several drawbacks. For example, popular applications for remote access of a local computer require the installation and set-up of proprietary software on both the local computer and the remote computer that will be used to access the local computer. In addition, the known applications typically require the establishment of a unique connection between the local computer and the remote computer. Because a firewall in the local computer, or on the LAN to which the local computer is connected, would prohibit initiating the unique connection by the remote computer, the local computer generally has to initiate the unique connection. This is because a typical firewall prohibits any outside computer or device from initiating a port connection with the local computer hosting the firewall. The only port that is usually accessible through a firewall is the e-mail port, which is a predetermined port number. For remote devices other than computers, such as an e-mail-enabled paging device, there is no ability to download proprietary software or to establish unique connections with a local computer.
Many known applications for remote access of a local computer also require the transfer of a device screen image of the local computer to the remote computer, which requires a high bandwidth connection in order to maintain an adequate representation of the local computer screen image on the remote computer. This transfer of the screen image provides the user of the remote computer with an emulation of the local computer's user display. The remote computer in the foregoing example would need at least the same display capabilities of the local computer. Such a display capability is generally not possible for remote devices other than computers, such as e-mail/web-enabled wireless telephones, wireless personal digital assistants (PDAs), or e-mail-enabled paging devices.
In view of the above, a solution is desirable which allows for access to a local computer by a remote computer without the need for special software on the remote computer and without the need for special connections between the two computers. In addition, the increased use of portable computing devices other than personal computers, such as e-mail/web-enabled wireless telephones, wireless PDAs, and e-mail-enabled paging devices, creates a need to provide remote access to, and control of, a local computer from such portable computing devices.


Provided is an infrared image sensor for detecting infrared rays. The infrared image sensor includes a light-receiving unit including a pixel region in which a plurality of pixels are arranged and at least one reference pixel; a difference circuit for acquiring a first differential signal that is a differential signal between a signal of one pixel contained in the pixel region and a signal of the reference pixel and a second differential signal that is a differential signal between signals of two predetermined pixels out of the pixels contained in the pixel region; and a pixel signal calculating unit that calculates a signal of each of the pixels on the basis of the first differential signal and the second differential signal.

Conventionally, as an infrared image sensor, thermal detectors for detecting infrared rays using a material whose resistance value varies with temperature are known (see Patent Literatures 1 and 2 for example). The detector described in Patent Literature 1 is what is called a bolometer-type infrared detector, configured such that a plurality of pixels each including a heat sensitive resistor for sensing incident infrared rays are arranged two-dimensionally. This infrared detector is provided with a reference pixel for each of the pixels, and calculates the difference between a signal of each pixel and a signal of each reference pixel to compensate for the influence of environment changes around the infrared detector.
An infrared detector described in Patent Literature 2 is configured such that a plurality of pixels each including a heat sensitive resistance for sensing incident infrared rays are arranged two-dimensionally. This infrared detector is provided with a reference pixel for each column of pixels, and calculates the difference between a signal of each pixel and a signal of each reference pixel to compensate for the temperature rise of diodes due to self-heating when a current is caused to flow to the pixels. In other words, compensation for the self-heating in a plurality of pixels contained in a line of pixels is performed with one reference pixel.

Infrared image sensor and signal read method


Method and device (1) for boosting an intake pipe (4) of a turbocharged engine (5) with compressed gas. The method includes storing gases in a vessel (12) at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure and, afterwards in injecting the gases into the intake pipe (4) in order to temporarily increase an inlet pressure during low-speed operation phases. The inventive device includes a connection for temporarily and alternately connecting the storing vessel (12) to an exhaust manifold (6) for recovering the gases during engine brake phases or to the intake pipe (4) during the temporary low-speed operation phases. The connection comprises a heat exchanger (10) mounted between the exhaust manifold (6) and the vessel (12).

In general, devices for boosting pressure inside the intake pipe can be in various forms and can utilize different means for compressing air, storing it in a storage vessel and injecting it into the intake pipe when the engine is at low speed.
Compression of air can especially be done by mechanical means such as a compressor driven by a power take-off at the level of the transmission line of the engine. Documents KR 9502620 and KR 9502621 describe devices for improving the power of a combustion engine by means of a compressor. This compressor is therefore driven by a power take-off at the level of the gearbox. However, such a device thus requires particular engine architecture and thus cannot be connected to an existing engine. The additional compressor is also a permanent consumer of engine power since it is driven by the transmission line of the vehicle.
Devices are also known in which air is compressed by the turbo-compressor itself As described in document WO 00/65210, the surplus of gases compressed by the turbo-compressor is deflected from the intake pipe inside a storage vessel when the pressure prevailing inside this pipe exceeds a predetermined threshold. When, at another moment, the pressure measured inside the intake pipe is insufficient, the storage vessel, which reinjects the gases previously stored, is then opened. In this way, the pressure prevailing inside the intake pipe to boost the power of the engine is increased locally and instantaneously. In this case, the gases are compressed in an uncontrolled manner, as it is not possible to know exactly when the pressure in the intake pipe is going to exceed the predetermined threshold pressure from which the gases are stored in the storage vessel. Therefore, in certain cases, the storage vessel can empty and not refill immediately. A problem can then arise when it is necessary to inject compressed gases in the intake pipe. Such a device can thus be faulty due to an empty storage vessel.
Also, documents FR 2 831 609 and FR2 784 419 describe means for accumulation of fresh gases compressed by a piston in at least one of the cylinders. In this case, the input of gas to the accumulation means is connected to the exhaust means of the engine.
Therefore, the temperature of the gases is raised significantly during the compression phase and can reach a value of 600 to 700° C. in the accumulation means. Since the density of the gases is an inverse function of their temperature, their density is then very low and it is necessary to utilize very bulky accumulation means, requiring modification to the structure and the form of a vehicle, which they must equip. Such a device is thus not adapted to equip motorized vehicles subjected to stronger and stronger constraints aiming to reduce the bulkiness of accessories or of motorization.
Therefore, the aim of the invention is to provide secure and efficacious means for locally and instantaneously boosting the pressure prevailing inside the intake pipe in low-speed operation phases.
The object of the invention is to enable this increase in pressure without modifying the structure of the engine, without requiring additional power consumption to carry out compression of the gases and without increasing the bulk or structure of the vehicle.
The invention thus concerns a device for overfeeding compressed gases to an intake pipe of a turbocharged engine. In a known manner, this device is suitable for storing the gases in a storage vessel at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, then injecting them into the intake pipe to boost the intake pressure in the low-speed operation phases. Also, the device comprises connection means for connecting the storage vessel temporarily and alternatively either with the exhaust manifold to recover gases during engine brake phases, or with the intake pipe during low-speed operation phases.
In this way, the connection means can fill one or more storage vessels with exhaust gases compressed by the engine, which plays the role of compressor, due to the movement of the pistons inside the engine during which no fuel is injected. The storage of gases is consequently done during engine brake phases. In this way, during low-speed reacceleration, these compressed gases can be reinjected to instantaneously boost the pressure prevailing inside the intake pipe.
Therefore, since these gases are compressed by the engine during engine brake phases, they have not required additional power consumption. The gases, which are compressed by the pistons in the cylinders, are not burnt, since there has been no fuel injection.
In keeping with the invention, the device is characterized in that the connection means comprise a heat exchanger arranged between the exhaust manifold and the storage vessel.
Otherwise expressed, a heat exchanger can cool the gases whereof the temperature has increased due to the fact of their compression inside the cylinders of the engine where the temperature is much higher. In fact, the temperature of the gases at the input of the heat exchanger is around 700° C., while at the output thereof it reaches a temperature of around 200° C.
The influence of the losses of charges generated by the exchanger on the pressure of the gases is minimized since a drop in pressure of less than 200 mbars between the input and the output of the exchanger occurs. Such an exchanger can store gases having a density three times greater than that of the gases at their output of the exhaust means.
In practice, the connection means may comprise tubes for conveying the gases from the exhaust manifold to the storage vessel and from the storage vessel to the intake pipe.
Otherwise expressed, the exhaust manifold, the storage vessel and the intake pipe are connected by hoses adapted to resist the pressure.
Therefore, in a particular embodiment, two independent hoses can each make connections. Therefore, the storage vessel has an orifice for making the connection with the exhaust manifold and a second orifice enabling the connection with the intake pipe.
In a second variant, the storage vessel can have a single orifice serving both as storage and reinjection of gases. In this case a T-connection can be utilized for connecting three portions of independent hoses. In this way, one of the ends of each of the hoses is connected to the connector and the other is connected to the exhaust manifold, the storage vessel or the intake pipe.
Advantageously, the connection means can comprise at least one electro-valve for connecting as required portions of the abovementioned pipes to alternatively effect storage of gases in the storage vessel, then reinjection of the gases to the intake pipe.
In other words, electro-valves can close off a hose as a function of the operating state of the engine or of the necessary charge. Electro-valve is also understood as covering different connection means such as non-return valves especially.
In practice, the connection means can comprise a heat exchanger of the gas/liquid type in which the gas is compressed gas and the liquid is a liquid such as oil or the cooling liquid of the engine.
Advantageously, the input tube of the exchanger for hot gas can be split. In this way, compressed gases are collected at the level of the output of the exhaust of two banks of cylinders. Therefore, the filling time of the storage vessel for compressed gases is improved.
In practice, the tube conveying cooled gas at the output of the exchanger can be single. In other terms, at the level of the output of the exchanger, there is an orifice to which a hose is connected so as to feed the storage vessel with cooled gas.
By way of advantage, the connection means may comprise at least one pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of the gases inside the intake pipe. In this way, the pressure prevailing inside the intake pipe is known at any instant and when the latter is less than a predetermined threshold pressure, but also as a function of the operating state of the engine and its need for power, injection of the compressed gases contained inside the storage vessel is controlled.
In practice, the connection means can comprise a control unit for regulating the different electro-valves as a function of the signal transmitted by the pressure sensor.
Otherwise expressed, an electronic control unit receives information from one or more pressure sensors positioned on the intake pipe and the storage vessel. When there is need for power and especially at low speed when the turbo-compressor is still not delivering enough pressure inside the intake pipe, the control unit sends a signal to the different electro-valves to open them and/or close them, and connect the tubes in question and thus reinject gases contained inside the storage vessel.
In accordance with a particular embodiment, this device can be adapted to a pre-existing engine especially comprising a device for recycling of burnt gases, currently known as EGR for Exhaust Gas Recycling. Therefore, the invention can benefit from electro-valves belonging to this recycling system and already installed on the engine. Therefore, it then suffices to mount the storage vessel on the hose connecting the exhaust manifold to the intake pipe by means of a T connector after the EGR exchanger or the EGR valve.
Also, the control of the electro-valves can be adapted as a function of this novel function created by the recycling system. In fact, these two functions are created at different instants, namely when filling of the storage vessel is done during engine brake phases. Recycling of the exhaust gases is, per se, done during stabilized acceleration phases. Consequently, if the two circuits are common, the two functions they create operate at different instants. In fact, when the compressed gas contained in the storage vessel has to be reinjected, the recycling circuit for the gases is also closed to avoid reinjecting burnt gases in this original acceleration phase.
The invention also covers the process for overfeeding compressed gases at the level of an intake pipe of a turbocharged engine in the low-speed operation phases. This process comprises the stages of storage of gases inside a storage vessel at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure and injection of said gases into the intake pipe to boost the intake pressure.
This process is characterized in that the gases are recovered at the level of an exhaust pipe of the engine during engine brake phases, cooled in a heat exchanger, conveyed to the storage vessel, stored in the storage vessel and reinjected into the intake pipe during low-speed operation phases.
Otherwise expressed, during engine brake phases, the gases are compressed by means of the pistons of the engine inside the cylinders, and then these gases are forwarded to a storage vessel. When there is need for power, and at low speed, the storage vessel is then placed in communication with the intake pipe so as to instantaneously boost the prevalent pressure inside this pipe.

Device and process for overfeeding compressed gas to an intake pipe of a turbocharged engine


There is provided a storage system suitable for an open system which has advanced security functions for logical devices. In a storage system such as a RAID system, 6 types of access attributes which are Readable/Writable, Read Only, Unreadable/Unwritable, Read Capacity 0, Inquiry Restricted, and S-vol Disable, can be set for each logical device. Read Capacity 0 makes a response “capacity 0” upon inquiries from hosts about capacity. Inquiry Restricted does not permit the hosts to recognize logical devices. S-vol Disable does not permit pair forming for duplication of a logical device with another device as the destination of copying. Upon receipt of commands from hosts of the open system, the storage system changes command processes and responses, depending on the difference in operation system, vendor, version, or the like, between hosts.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a storage system which is represented by a RAID system, for example, and particularly relates to a technology for control of access from a host to logical devices (logical units in a storage unit) in the storage system and security functions for the logical devices.
2. Description of the Related Art
As an art related to control of access from a host to logical devices in a RAID system and security functions for the logical devices, there is a disk control method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-112822, for example. This method sets any one of three types of access attribute modes of 'readable and writable', 'unreadable', and 'unreadable and unwritable' for respective logical devices in the RAID system, and changes processes and responses to commands from hosts for the respective logical devices, according to the setting.
Due to the development and complication of operations of storage systems represented by RAID systems, three types of access attribute modes disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-112822 is not sufficient, and a new security control method for logical devices is required. For example, when operation that forms a copy pair between two logical devices for duplication of a logical device is performed in a storage system, a function which can prevent data losing due to an error in the operation is required.
Also, in a case that the range of applying this type of storage system is broadened from proprietary systems (computer systems configured only by products of specific vendors) to open systems (computer systems configured by a combination of software and hardware of various vendors), it is required that access control which is performed on hosts of specific vendors can also be performed on hosts of various types or specifications of different vendors, operation systems, or versions. For example, operations of a case that the storage system returns errors to hosts differ depending on the differences between the types of hosts or specifications (such as vendors, operation systems, or versions). Therefore, selection of a method of returning errors suitable for the types of hosts is important. In addition, there is a case that requires changing of operations or responses of a storage system to hosts, according to the types of the hosts.
Further, for reduction in cost, there is also a requirement that management tasks such as setting, canceling, and the like, of access attribute modes of respective logical devices of a storage system can be automatically performed from applications on various hosts of an open system.

Storage system which controls access to logical devices by permitting attribute modes for logical devices to be set


In a radio-telephone system based on time-division multiple access, the AGC function of the receiver can be controlled so as to be approximating the actual value at the beginning of the reception timeslot. The field strength of a specific signal transmitted by a base station during a timeslot preceding a concerned reception timeslot is measured, the specific signal having a power the ratio of which to the power of the concerned signal is presumed. On the basis of this measured field strength and the presumed ratio, the required AGC gain of the AGC amplifiers is calculated and the AGC gain is set according to the calculated gain for the time of the concerned reception timeslot.

In the pan-European digital cellular radio system known as Groupe Speciale Mobile (GSM) each of the RF channels is divided into timeslots of approximately 0.577 ms duration. The modulating bit rate for a GSM carrier is 270.838 kbit/s which means that the timeslot 2 in FIG. 1 corresponds to 156.25 bit durations. During this time period the RF carrier is modulated by a data stream, the extent of which is termed a "burst". In other words, a burst represents the physical content of a timeslot. The timeslots 2 are grouped together in sets of eight consecutive timeslots as one TDMA frame 1, as illustrated in FIG. 1. (TDMA is an acronym for time division multiple access). A physical channel is defined by specifying both a RF channel (or, in the case of frequency hopping, a sequence of RF channels) and a TDMA frame timeslot number. Hence for a given RF channel the system has available to it eight physical channels.
There are two main types of logical channels within the GSM system known respectively as traffic channels (TCHs) and control channels (CCHs). The traffic channels are intended primarily to carry encoded speech or user data, whereas the control channels carry signalling and synchronization data between the base station and the mobile station e.g. mobile telephone. The control channels include data which instructs the mobile station in which timeslots they are to receive bursts i.e. "concerned reception timeslot" and data from which the mobile station derives its timing. Because of the TDMA, the transmission rate of the radio path is very high, the multipath propagation specific for the radio path appears during the reception as a rapid Rayleigh fading of the envelope of the RF signal, and also as interference between the detected bits, in other words, the field strength received by the mobile telephone varies very rapidly. In order to take account of this, it is conceivable that the received signal is the sum of independent Rayleigh-fading signals and signals having a different delay, and the reception can be planned accordingly. Since the multipath propagation causes linear distortions on the channel, a linear receiver is needed in a digital radio-telephone to allow correction of these distortions. In this case, automatic gain control (AGC) has to be used in the receiver amplifiers, aiming at keeping the level of the received signal constant before the Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC's) 4. In digital radio-telephones, the AGC function is generally accomplished in the same way as in AM or SSB receivers, in which the AGC is accomplished by using an adjustable amplifier 3 controlled with analogue voltage Vc as an intermediate frequency amplifier, which attenuates the signal the more, the greater its amplitude. The characteristics of the actual AGC amplifiers and their positioning in the receiver will not be discussed here. FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram showing AGC in a typical cellular radio receiver system.
In a TDMA system, for instance a GSM system, the dynamic range of the AGC amplifier 3 must be wide, as does the maximal gain, in order to prevent deterioration of the signal/noise ratio as the gain is being reduced. The signal/noise ratio deteriorates because the resolution is not sufficient for pure conversion of a small signal when ADC's are used. As noted above, the signal level is maintained constant before the ADC 4 with the help of an AGC amplifier 3.
Conventionally, the field strength of the received signal is measured and averaged over a specific time span, and thus the mean field strength is calculated. When the required signal level is known, the required gain of the AGC amplifier 3 can be calculated with the aid of the mean field strength.
In a TDMA system this involves a mean calculation of the field strengths of the concerned reception time slots. The mean calculation is typically carried out over a long time span, of the order, for example, of approximately one second. One 4.62 ms frame in GSM has one reception timeslot of a duration of 0.577 ms, as discussed above, which means that the signal power of the concerned reception timeslots are averaged over the course of several frames, and the average obtained is utilised in the AGC. This control method may be sufficient on a traffic channel.
There will be a problem where there is frequency hopping if a frequency identical to a signalling frequency is included in the frequency hopping sequence, because at this frequency the power may be different from the signal power of the other concerned timeslots.
There will also be a problem when a mobile telephone is in a monitoring state, i.e. in which it monitors the paging channel of the base station.
In this situation the gain of the AGC amplifier 3 may be spurious. For example, in a GSM system, a mobile telephone does not have to monitor the paging channel (PCH) continuously--the minimum requirement being to monitor the PCH once in about two seconds. Each time, the telephone monitors this channel for about 20 ms. In fact, the network can instruct the mobile telephone to monitor the PCH more frequently. The field strength of the received signal may however have changed markedly since the previous reception, especially when the mobile telephone is in a rapidly moving vehicle. In this case, the mean calculation of field strength measurements made during the monitoring of the PCH yields a very poor idea of the field strength prevailing since the previous measurement.

Gain control in a TDMA radio-telephone system


A database system and method applying data models to candidate(s) with respect to marketing event(s). The database system comprises a first database structure storing a first list of candidates, a second database structure storing a plurality of data models, a third database structure storing a second list identifying marketing events, and a database manager software application stored on a computer readable medium. The database manager software application comprises a retrieving tool and an application tool. The retrieving tool is for retrieving at least one data model from the data models in said second database structure. The application tool is for applying the at least one data model to the at least one candidate from the first list of candidates with respect to a first marketing event from the second list.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a system and associated method for dynamically applying data models to candidate(s) with respect to outbound marketing event(s).
2. Related Art
Selling a plurality of services to a customer typically requires a complicated series of steps. Therefore there exists a need for a simple procedure to sell a plurality of services to a customer.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Capturing marketing events and data models

International Business Machines Corporation


A control method for a delay locked loop includes: delaying an input signal to generate an internal signal; delaying the internal signal to generate an output signal; and selectively providing a reference clock signal or the output signal as the input signal according to the output signal and the internal signal.

Field of the Invention
The invention relates in general to a delay locked loop, and more particularly to a multiplying delay locked loop.
Description of the Related Art
A timing device is commonly applied in electronic devices and systems to generate a clock and to allow various elements to operate synchronously. A multiplying delay locked loop (MDLL) is one of the above conventional timing device, as exemplified by an MDLL 100 in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 shows a timing diagram of signals in the MDLL 100. In the MDLL 100, every rising edge of a reference clock signal rclk enters a delay line via a multiplexer 110. After a rising edge of the reference clock signal rclk enters the delay line 108 via the multiplexer 110, a selection signal sel switches to select an output signal bclk of the delay line 108 as an input signal iclk of the delay line 108. At this point, a ring oscillator is formed. The ring oscillator generates clock signals having a period T. After (M−1) clock signal periods, an integer divider 106 (e.g., having a divisor M equal to 8 in the example in FIG. 2) generates a last signal last, in which a pulse represents a last period (the Mth period) of the output signal bclk. The last signal last may be regarded as an indication signal that indicates the time point at which the Mth clock period appears. After the rising edge of the last signal last, a logic circuit 104 causes the selection signal sel to generate a pulse to control the multiplexer 110, allowing the next rising edge of the reference clock signal rclk to enter and serve as the input signal iclk of the delay line 108. Meanwhile, the delay adjuster 102 compares this rising edge with the rising edge of the output signal bclk to determine a phase difference dt between the two, and generates a control voltage VCNTL to adjust the delay time from the input signal iclk to the output signal bclk in the delay line 108. The goal of the entire circuit operation is to render the phase difference dt to be approximately 0 to lock the phase. When the phase is locked, a clock period of each reference clock signal rclk is equal to M clock periods of the output signal bclk, and the Mth rising edge of the output signal bclk is approximately aligned with or appears at about the same time as one rising edge of the reference clock signal rclk.
The MDLL 100 provides numerous advantages. For example, each time the rising edge of the reference clock signal rclk appears, the MDLL 100 may reset the phase difference dt between the output signal bclk and the reference clock signal rclk to zero. Thus, the MDLL 100 prevents an effect of accumulated phase difference generated by a phase locked loop that commonly serves as a timing device. Further, as only one single delay line 108 is utilized to generate the output signal bclk, issues of device mismatch caused by process factors in the delay line 108 do not affect the waveform of the output signal bclk. Moreover, the divisor M in the integer divider 106 may be configurable to generate various output signal bclk having different ratios to the clock period of the reference clock signal rclk.
However, the MDLL 100 suffers from certain issues, and needs to be carefully designed. For example, in general, the reference clock signal rclk needs to be extremely clean and cannot tolerate any drastic jitter, or else the jitter may be directly reflected upon the output signal bclk. Further, with a small design mistake, the jitter in the reference clock signal rclk may lead to disturbances in the MDLL 100 to incur wrongful results.

Delay locked loop and associated control method


Disclosed is a display device, elongate mount, and display module for displaying alphanumeric information to passengers of a mass transit vehicle. The display modules are mounted along a single edge to a elongate mount. The elongate mount includes at least one end cap which is made of a vibration dampening material. The louver of the display device includes a substantially continuous pressure member in order to place substantially continuous elongate contact to an area of an LED board that houses at least one heating element. The at least one heating element is covered by a thermally conductive foam that transmits heat from the elements to a heat sink of the display module.

This patent application is a divisional application of pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/385,820, filed on Mar. 10, 2003.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to display devices and more particularly, to programmable displays for use on vehicles and about stations.
2. Description of the Related Art
Existing mass transit vehicles, such as buses and trains, carry destination and other signs for the purpose of conveying information to passengers using the mass transit vehicles. Destination signs inform passengers outside of the vehicle of the route information (route number and description). These signs may transmit information through a variety of display mechanisms. A sign may use light emitting diodes (LEDs), flip dot technology, or liquid crystal displays (LCDs), for example, in order to present alphanumeric information to the passengers. The destination signs normally are placed at the front of a mass transit vehicle over the windshield. The signs are mounted to the existing vehicle structure with various mounting brackets.
Typically, as shown in FIG. 1A, conventional destination signs utilize a chassis or frame assembly 100 constructed of steel or aluminum sheet metal to house the signs and other components. The sheet metal housing 10 is generally constructed in a rectangular box form with an opening, usually covered by transparent material 12, to enclose the entire housing 10 while still allowing passengers to easily read the alphanumeric characters generated by the sign. Various components are mounted to the housing 10 in order to prevent the components from shifting and breaking. In one embodiment, one such component is an LED board 16 with LEDs 14 coupled thereto that are controlled by a controller 18, which also is secured in the sheet metal housing 10 as shown in FIG. 1B. Other embodiments include LCDs and flip dot assemblies and the electronics associated therewith. Frame assembly 100 is mounted so that the LED board 16 is vertically upright, to permit passengers to view the characters formed by LEDs 14. Also enclosed in the housing 10 are the power supply and control board, as well as any other essential components needed for the frame assembly 100.
FIG. 1B illustrates an exploded view of the frame assembly 100 depicted in FIG. 1A. The exploded view shows the interior of the sheet metal housing 10 and some of the components typically secured within the housing 10. A louver 11, which minimizes glare to the LEDs, and the LED board 16 are secured to the housing 10 by fasteners 13, such as bolts or screws, along the lower edge of the housing 10, louver 11, and LED board 16 (a louver is optional for LCDs and flip dots). Such fasteners 13 thus compress the LED board 16 to the housing 10, but penetrate the LED board 16 to do so. By directly fastening the LED board 16 via the holes and fasteners 13 to the housing 10, a large amount of stress concentrates at the holes on the LED board 16. Any bending or torsion placed on the frame assembly 100 is translated to stress in the material adjacent to the holes of the LED board 16, often causing the LED board 16 to crack or cause electronics, including the display mechanisms, to deteriorate over time. Because mass transit vehicles are prone to vibration inducing or dynamic environments, failure rates of the conventional signs is high.
Furthermore, the LED board 16 also includes heat-emitting elements (not shown) that are covered by thermally conductive foam. The fasteners 13, penetrating LED board 16, press the foam to the LED board 16 and to the heat-emitting elements (not shown). The heat emitting elements generally include electronics, such as processors, power devices, etc. It is typical to use numerous fasteners 13 penetrating the LED board 16 to accomplish this. The fasteners 13 also are applied directly to LED board 16, thereby producing a concentrated stress around the area of the fasteners 13. If the fasteners 13 are over-tightened, then the LED board 16 cracks. Also inside the sheet metal housing 10 is a cable assembly 22 that transmits information and power to the LED boards 16 from the controller 18. Several cover assemblies 20 are secured to the LED board 16 and housing 10 to prevent movement or shifting of the components within the housing 10.
To further demonstrate the stress placed along the lower
edge of the LED board 16, deflection measurements were taken at a plurality of locations along the lower edge of the LED board 16. Measurements of the fasteners 22 were taken and averaged to yield an average height of 0.320. These fasteners 22 are inserted at points 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 in the lower edge of the LED board 16. Deflection of the LED board 16 at points (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) midway between the fasteners 22 is measured against the average height of the fasteners 22 height to determine if significant distortion occurs along the length of the LED board 16.
TABLE 1Exemplary Deflection MeasurementsTestTestTestTestTestTestTestTestTestAveragePosition123456789AverageDistortion10.3190.3210.3160.3210.3200.3100.3120.3120.3120.3160.00420.3260.3270.3160.3220.3230.3140.3270.3170.3170.3210.00130.3240.3250.3160.3200.3230.3140.3260.3150.3140.3200.00040.3300.3300.3190.3240.3260.3170.3280.3190.3190.3240.00450.3240.3290.3160.3190.3220.3160.3250.3190.3150.3210.00160.3240.3300.3160.3170.3210.3150.3240.3180.3150.3200.00070.3230.3270.3160.3190.3220.3150.3250.3200.3170.3200.00080.3230.3250.3170.3210.3210.3170.3250.3200.3170.3210.00190.3230.3290.3170.3210.3210.3150.3250.3200.3170.3210.001100.3300.3300.3230.3250.3260.3180.3290.3230.3210.3250.005110.3240.3000.3190.3270.3250.3170.3250.3230.3180.3200.000120.3280.3300.3240.3290.3260.3180.3280.3250.3240.3260.006130.3230.3260.3200.3250.3210.3170.3210.3210.3170.3210.001
As shown in TABLE 1, the deflection of the LED board 16 is substantial at the midway points across the lower edge. The distortion reaches as much as 0.006 at the plurality of measurement points along the lower edge of the LED board 16. As shown by the test results in TABLE 1, the considerable amount of distortion of the LED board 16 decreases heat transfer from the heat-emitting elements to the heat sink. Due to the flexibility of the LED board 16, a variation of up to (i) 10% in the deflection of the thermally conductive foam and (ii) 22% in the pressure applied to the heat-emitting elements (not shown) and thermally conductive foam severely decreases the effective thermal conductivity for the display.
The frame assemblies 100, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, are stand-alone units, which are shipped and mounted to the mass transit vehicle in a single piece (i.e., as a single display unit). While multiple LED boards 16 (or LCDs or flip dot assemblies) may be utilized to form a complete display sign, the configuration of the conventional display signs is an integration of the LED boards 16 with the frame assembly 100 to form a sign. For the purposes of this discussion, the signs having the frame assembly 100 structurally coupled to each LED board 16 to form a housing of the display is considered to be non-modular. These frame assemblies 100 with the integrated LED boards 16 are usually four to six feet in length and can weigh from 30 to 50 pounds. Due to the cumbersome size and weight of the frame assemblies 100, shipping costs are high and at least two people are needed to maneuver and install the sign.
To install the sign, each of the upper and lower corners of the frame assembly 100 are mounted to the mass transit vehicle to secure the frame assembly 100 from shifting during the transport of passengers. If any portion of the sign, including the LED boards 16 and frame assembly 100, malfunctions, the repair process is very tedious and time-consuming even though the malfunction itself may be trivial. In addition, the frame assemblies 100 typically installed in mass transit vehicles may not adequately withstand many of the stresses associated with a moving vehicle. When these frame assemblies 100 are mounted to the mass transit vehicle, a frame assembly receives the stress and torque from the movement of the mass transit vehicle. When a mass transit vehicle turns, the side walls of the vehicle, ordinarily parallel to each other and perpendicular to the ceiling and floor, may shift angularly relative to the floor and ceiling of the mass transit vehicle so as to be non-perpendicular. In other words, the frame assembly 100 is constrained at the four corners forming a rectangle and stressed toward forming a non-rectangular parallelogram. As understood in the art, an over-constrained sheet metal housing is stressed by the shifting and may be pulled apart or distorted under such forces.
Therefore, there is a need for an easily installed and easily repaired destination sign capable of withstanding the stresses exerted by a mass transit vehicle. There is also a need for a destination sign capable of dissipating heat without causing significant stress to the LED board.


A system for calculating a special wholesale pricing between a wholesaler and a reseller for a transaction between the reseller and an end-user. A wholesale discount pricing system is provided that comprises: a system for inputting a special pricing request from a reseller, wherein the special pricing request includes a product identifier and an end-user discount the reseller intends on applying to the transaction with the end-user; a product mapping system that maps the product identifier to a set of pricing parameters; and a calculation system that calculates the special wholesale pricing based on the set of pricing parameters and the inputted end-user discount.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to pricing systems, and more specifically relates to a system and method for automatically setting pricing for resellers requesting a special price from a wholesaler.
2. Related Art
It is typical for wholesalers (e.g., manufacturers and distributors) to sell products to an intermediary who in turn resells the product(s) to the final end user. Often a contractual agreement exists between the wholesaler and the reseller defining what discount off of published list prices the reseller will receive when purchasing products from the wholesaler. This is known as the wholesale discount. For example, a wholesaler may give a reseller a 40% wholesale discount for a product having a published list price of $1000, i.e., $600. The reseller is then free to set the product price to their end users. If the reseller is unable to establish a price that is both agreeable to the end user and profitable to the reseller, and the particular transaction is important enough, it may be in the best interest of the reseller and the wholesaler to negotiate a "special wholesale pricing" for the transaction. For instance, instead of the usual 40% wholesale discount, the wholesaler may provide a special discount pricing of 45%, i.e., $550.
Before offering a special wholesale price, the wholesaler will typically consider: the size of the transaction, how much additional discount off of the existing wholesale discount is needed, what effect this price will have on future transactions, whether the reseller is being completely honest in their representation of the situation, etc. The negotiation of a special wholesale pricing for a unique transaction can be a laborious and time-consuming process. If not set properly, the special wholesale pricing may not be economically advantageous to the manufacturer. If the wholesale price setting is a common activity, maintaining price consistency can be difficult. Inconsistent or haphazard special wholesale prices can frustrate and damage the working relationship between the manufacturer and reseller.
Accordingly, a need exists for an automated system and method for setting special wholesale pricing when requested by a reseller.

System for setting special wholesale pricing for resellers


A substrate structure capable of miniaturizing and thinning a housing of a portable terminal is provided.

In recent years, miniaturization, thinning and a decrease in the number of components have been desired in a housing of a portable terminal. In order to satisfy such desires, a substrate structure using a thinned flexible substrate as a circuit substrate received in the housing has been adopted.
In this substrate structure, as shown in FIG. 4, (plural) electronic components 101 mounted on a substrate 100 are collectively covered with a resin part 102 and thereby, strength of mounting of each of the electronic components 101 to the substrate 100 is ensured and also a reinforcing material for maintaining the substrate 100 in a flat plate shape is formed.
Then, a display device 103 such as an LCD disposed in the portable terminal is supported by a support member (not shown) disposed in the substrate 100 so as to stride over the resin part 101 and thereby, the display device 103 is arranged at a position corresponding to an opening disposed in the housing.
In addition, a reinforced structure of an IC package in which the IC package mounted in a motherboard is covered with a reinforcing frame comprising a side surface part and an upper surface part and the inside of the reinforcing frame is filled with a resin has been proposed (for example, see Patent Reference 1).
According to this Patent Reference 1, the resin part 102 shown in FIG. 4 is constructed of a reinforcing frame 102A and a resin 102B.
Patent Reference 1: Japanese Patent No.3241669

Substrate structure and electronic apparatus

Abstract: A substrate structure 10 comprises a substrate 11, plural electronic components 12 mounted along one mounting surface 11A in the substrate 11, and a resin part 13 for making close contact with the mounting surface 11A of the substrate 11while each of the electronic components 12 is covered with a resin 13A. In the substrate structure 10, a through hole 14 extending through the substrate 11 in a thickness direction is disposed and also the side of the mounting surface 11A in the through hole 14 is closed by a lid member 15. A rising part 21 is disposed in a peripheral part of this lid member 15.