A semiconductor storage device connected to the host system through the general purpose interface, including a semiconductor storage media module (1) and a controller module (2), in which the controller module (2) consists of a general purpose interface control module (21), a microprocessor and control module (22). Various device class protocols can be realized at the interface application level of the semiconductor storage device, which makes it possible to simulate and realize the storage functions of various storage disks. One or a plurality of storage spaces are opened up in the semiconductor storage media and one or a plurality of storage disks are supported by the same device; furthermore, the device supports hot plug and play and it is removable.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a multifunction semiconductor storage device using semiconductor storage media, in particular, a multifunction semiconductor memory device connected to the host computer via the general-purpose interface.
2. Description of the Related Art
The semiconductor storage media is a semiconductor chip for storing data; the chip can receive writing commands and data and then write them into the memory chip. The chip can also receive external read commands and read the data stored on the chip and output the data. In addition, the chip also supports other commands such as erasure and resetting commands. These kinds of semiconductor storage devices of this kind include flash memory, EEPROM, FRAM, DRAM, SRAM, SDRAM or MRAM but not are restricted to them. Compared with conventional magnetic and optic memory devices, the present semiconductor memory device has the features of small volume, less weight, large storage capacity, and higher reliability and low power consumption. In addition, it does not require any specific mechanism to drive it. For example, in Chinese patent No. ZL 00114081.7 "Full Electronic External Flash Memory Technique and Device", it discloses an external memory device using a flash memory device, wherein a semiconductor storage media and general purpose interface are used so as to realize external removable disk without external drive power supply; it supports hot dock/undock and plug-and-play function and it is not necessary to turn off the computer when doing plug and play. Furthermore, the removable memory has higher speed of data access and larger capacity than a floppy disk. In addition, it also has the advantages of small volume, easy portability, and indefectible. It can be applied to data processing systems supporting universal interface channels such as USB (universal serial bus) and IEEE1394.
Traditional floppy diskettes and floppy disk drives play less and less roles, especially after the above-mentioned external flash memory device had been invented, which makes it possible the exchange of data without floppy diskettes and floppy disk drives. However, computer users today still find that floppy diskettes and floppy disk drives are indispensable. One of the reasons is that the external flash memory disk before this invention above does not support the booting of the computer. When the computer system is infected with a virus or destroyed by the virus, an empty boot disk is needed to restart the computer through the BIOS (Basic Input and Output System). Desktop computers equip built in floppy disk drives in order to boot the system but it increases the volume and weight of the host system as well as the cost. Because of the bulkiness of the floppy disk drives, the majority of the ultra-thin laptop computers do not have built-in floppy disk drives so as to reduce the volume and weight of the computer. However, the users still have to install very expensive USB external floppy disk drives in order to boot the system and it increases the cost of the users and causes inconvenience in use.
Although the current flash memory devices such as DiskOnChip support the booting of the computer, they do not support hot plug in/out and are not removable because they are built in the computer. As a result, when the system software of the computer is destroyed by the virus, it cannot be restarted through DiskOnChip. Thus it is a restriction to the application of the device.
The current existing removable semiconductor storage devices can only be used on the driver software installed in the operating system of the computer but cannot be recognized and controlled by the BIOS of the computer, thus they cannot be used as the boot device of the system.
Most of the BIOS manufacturers have produced the BIOS capable of supporting the boot function of the external USB floppy disk drive, such as the BIOS of AWARD. Furthermore, many of the mainboard producers have adopted the above-mentioned BIOS, for example, ASUS motherboard, which lays the foundation for the large-scale use of the present invention.

Multifunction semiconductor storage device and a method for booting-up computer host


A locking apparatus includes a support bracket, a latch, a rotating member and a link unit. The support bracket is fastened to a headrest housing and has therein a locking slot, into which a striker of a seat back frame is removably inserted. The latch is coupled to the support bracket by a hinge and locks the striker, which is inserted into the locking slot of the support bracket, using rotation of the latch. The rotating member is coupled at a first end thereof to the support bracket by a hinge and is elastically coupled at a second end thereof to the latch, thus releasably locking the latch thereto. The link unit is coupled to the headrest housing by a hinge and is connected at one end thereof to the rotating member, such that the latch is released from the rotating member by pulling the rotating member.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus for locking a folding headrest for vehicles.
2. Description of Related Art
Generally, headrests are provided on the upper ends of seat back frames for vehicles. Such a headrest serves to support the head and neck of a passenger under normal conditions and to protect the head and neck of the passenger when an impact is applied to the vehicle.
Conventional headrests are fastened to stays, which are coupled to the seat back frames, without having a folding structure. Therefore, it is difficult to afford a rear view to passengers, thus being inconvenient to the passengers.
The information disclosed in this Background of the Invention section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Locking apparatus for folding headrest for vehicles


A belt tightening device with a display comprises a body having a seat; one end of the seat being installed with one fixing hook; a pull rod pivotally installed to the seat; a wheel rotatably installed to the pull rod; a belt winding around the wheel; wherein when the pull rod is pulled so that wheel rotates with the pull rod; the belt will wind to tighten an object fixed by the fixing hook; a strain gauge installed at a connection between the fixing hook and the seat; an integrating unit installed at the seat and connected to the strain gauge; the integrating unit connected to the strain gauge will determine the tension of the fixing hook through the resistance; and a display installed in the integrating unit for displaying the tension determined by the integrating unit.

The prior art belt tightening device has the following elements. A body has a seat. Two ends of the seat are installed with a fixing hook and a movable hook. The fixing hook and movably hook are used to hook two sides of an object to be tied. A pull rod is pivotally installed to the seat. A wheel is rotatably installed to the pull rod. Two lateral sides of the wheel are installed with two stop claws. A belt winds around the wheel. In operation, the fixing hook and movably hook hook two sides of an object and then the pull rod is pulled so that wheel rotates with the pull rod to wind the belt so that the movably hook is tightened. When the pull rod is pushed back to the original position, since the pull rod has two stop claws, the wheel will not loose the belt. If the pull rod is pulled and release repeatedly, the belt will be tightened.
However if the tension is too great, the belt will break, but the prior art can be indicated the tension to the user so that the user cannot adjust the pull force to a proper value. Thereby there is an eager demand for a novel design which can improve the prior art defect.

Belt tightening device with display for displaying tension


A float with a mesh over it floats on the surface of the water in a toilet bowl. The float is preferably toroidal and the mesh is held by the toroid by a distance above the water in the toilet. The toroidal float is preferably circular or tear drop shaped in cross section. The float and mesh arrangement reduces the noise created by a urine stream directed into the water in the toilet bowl.

A stream of urine directed into a toilet bowl from a standing height creates a noise that may be annoying to others. For example, late at night such a noise may awaken others sleeping adjacent a bathroom where one is urinating and creating this annoying noise.
Some people try to alleviate this problem by directing the urine stream toward the side of the toilet bowl. Unfortunately, this often results in the urine stream being directed outside of the toilet bowl and onto the bathroom floor.
Thus, there remains a need for a means of reducing the noise of a urine stream directed into a toilet bowl while eliminating the need to direct a urine stream toward the side of the toilet bowl. The present invention is directed to solving this need in the art.


A method and apparatus for assessing the quality of a seed lot utilizes image analysis equipment to generate an indication of seed quality. In one method, the quality of the seed lot may be determined by generating an image of a plurality of seedlings grown from a plurality of seeds selected from the seed lot, determining the leaf surface area of each of the seedlings from the image, determining the total leaf surface area of the seedlings from the image, determining a surface area threshold relating to the leaf surface areas of a plurality of the seedlings, determining the proportion of the seedlings which have a leaf surface area that exceeds the surface area threshold, and generating an indication of seed quality based upon that proportion.

Seed Vigor Tests
In 1876, Nobbe in his "Handbook der Samenkunde" described his observations regarding the differences in seed vigor and "germination energy". Since that time, the nature and importance of seed vigor has increased steadily.
Today, the Vigor Test Committee of the Association of Official Seed Analysts has adopted the following definition of seed vigor: "Seed vigor comprises those properties which determine the potential for rapid uniform emergence and development of normal seedlings under a wide range of field conditions." Seed Vigor Testing Handbook Prepared by the Seed Vigor Testing Committee of the Association of Official Seed Analysts (1983).
Biologically, seed vigor is based on the genetic constitution of seeds which establishes their maximum physiological potential based on the fact that seeds begin to deteriorate at maturity and this deterioration proceeds until all of the seed tissues are dead. Id. The rate of deterioration, including loss of vigor, is determined not only by heredity, but also by events occurring during seed development, harvesting, conditioning, and storage. Id.
Several categories of seed vigor tests are known. These categories are: (1) seedling growth and evaluation tests (which are often referred to as "seedling vigor classification and seedling growth rate" tests); (2) stress tests; and (3) biochemical tests.

Method and apparatus for assessing the quality of a seed lot


A vehicle for positioning a transportable and relocatable equipment having at least four walking assemblies attached to a frame, each walking assembly having a walking pad, a roller tread, a lift assembly connected to a central collar, a rotatable motion gear assembly disposed around the lift assembly, a motor for actuating the rotatable motion gear assembly, a pivoting collar disposed around the rod operated by a controlling means with a processor, a push pull traveling system for receiving fluid and extending a specified distance causing movement of the vehicle in a first direction, and enabling the walking assemblies to raise, reorient, lower, and travel in a second direction.

A need exists for a easy to maneuver vehicle that attaches to a tractor or "sow" for major movement supporting a rig, but that can reorient a drilling rig or other piece of heavy equipment without the need for a tractor, or a "sow".
A further need exists for a vehicle that is durable, low maintenance and modular, so that if one component fails, at least three others can keep working and perform the movement needed.
A need exists for a vehicles that can be steered remotely away from the vehicle.
The present embodiments meet these needs.
The present embodiments are detailed below with reference to the listed Figures.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Vehicle for positioning transportable and relocatable heavy equipment


The present disclosure provides a method of medical procedure using augmented reality for superimposing a patient's medical images (e.g., CT or MRI) over a real-time camera view of the patient. Prior to the medical procedure, the patient's medical images are processed to generate a 3D model that represents a skin contour of the patient's body. The 3D model is further processed to generate a skin marker that comprises only selected portions of the 3D model. At the time of the medical procedure, 3D images of the patient's body are captured using a camera, which are then registered with the skin marker. Then, the patient's medical images can be superimposed over the real-time camera view that is presented to the person performing the medical procedure.

A high level of interest exists in the medical industry for improving the technologies of visualizing the inside of a patient during a medical procedure. Today, various imaging technologies such as computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are available to allow a physician to visualize the organs, bones, and other tissues inside the patient's body.

Medical procedure using augmented reality


A method for producing a buffer pad is provided with the following steps: cutting a plate into a mesh and a plurality of blocks; the mesh has a plurality of mesh holes, and the blocks have a shape corresponding to the mesh holes and are engaged with the mesh holes respectively; releasably attaching the cut plate to a sticky surface of a substrate, thereby the first surface of the block are temporarily attached to the substrate; separating the mesh from the substrate, and the blocks disengaging from the mesh holes and being left on the substrate; coating the second surfaces of the blocks with adhesive; attaching a film to the second surfaces of the blocks; separating the blocks from the sticky surface of the substrate. Thereby, a buffer pad is produced.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for producing a buffer pad, and more particularly to a method for attaching multiple blocks to a film quickly and tidily.
2. Description of the Prior Art
A conventional buffer pad has a film with multiple blocks disposed thereon. Because the blocks are separately arranged on the film, they have to be attached on the film one by one, which is done by hand. However, this method costs lots of manpower and time, which is contrary to mass production. Besides, the blocks are not precisely arranged since this method is done by hand.


A voltage scaling circuit for protecting an input node to a protected circuit uses a voltage shifting circuit that includes two nmos transistors. One nmos transistor is configured as a bi-directional voltage follower and the other nmos transistor is configured as uni-directional voltage follower to facilitate input high level shifting between an input signal node, such as a pin of an integrated circuit and an input node to the protected circuit.

The invention relates generally to over voltage protection circuits for protecting other circuits from higher than desired voltage levels, and more particularly to voltage scaling circuits for protecting an input to a protected circuit.
With the continued demand for higher speed and lower power consumption integrated circuits a need exists for simple, low cost and reliable over voltage protection circuits. For example, CMOS based video graphics chips with 128 input/output ports (I/O) ports are required to operate at clock speeds of 125 MHz to 250 MHz. Such devices may use a 2.5 V power supply for much of its logic to reduce power consumption. One way to increase the operating speed of such devices is to decrease the gate length of core circuitry transistors. However, a decrease in the gate length of MOS devices can reduce the gate breakdown voltage to lower levels. For example, where an integrated circuit contains digital circuitry that operates from a 2.5 V source and is fabricated using silicon dioxide gate widths of 50 Angstroms, a resulting gate breakdown voltage may be approximately 3.5 volts. Such IC's must often connect with more conventional digital devices that operate at 5 V or 3.3 V. A problem arises when the core logic circuitry (operating at 2.5 volts) receives 5 V digital input signals from peripheral devices on input pins. Such standard 5 V input signals or 3.3 V input signals can cause breakdown damage if suitable voltage protection is not incorporated.
FIG. 1 shows a known over voltage protection arrangement that attempts to overcome this problem. As seen, a resistor R is placed in the input path from an input pin P to the input I of a MOS based core logic stage, such as an input/output port on a CPU or other processing unit. A clamping diode D is placed across the input I of the core logic stage and is connected to a 2.5 V supply voltage used by the core logic to clamp over voltages coming from pin P. In operation, resistor R restricts current flow to the core logic circuit and a voltage drop occurs across the resistor. When an input voltage is high enough to cause the diode D to conduct, the diode clamps the input voltage to a fixed level (2.5 V+diode junction voltage drop). Several problems arise with such a configuration. If the core logic is fabricated with gate widths of 50 angstroms, a breakdown voltage of only 3.5 volts is required to damage the core logic stage (0.7V/A*50a=3.5 V). With the diode drop of approximately 7 volts, a 3.2 V input voltage is a maximum input voltage to the core logic stage, however this is very close to the 3.5 V breakdown voltage so that over temperature and time, circuit reliability may be compromised. Also, the clamp diode D allows additional current to flow through the substrate which can cause latch-up of core logic circuitry.
Another problem is the use of resistor R. Such resistive elements take up large areas on integrated circuits and dissipate large amounts of power, hence heat, when an input voltage such as 5 volts is placed on pin P. In addition, a large time delay can occur due to the resistor R and the parasitic capacitance of the gate junction of the core logic circuit. This time delay reduces the speed of operation of the system.
Consequently there exists a need for a protection circuit that reduces power consumption, improves the speed of operation of a system in a simple and reliable manner. It would desirable if the protection circuit provided voltage scaling in a cost effective manner.

Voltage scaling circuit for protecting an input node to a protected circuit


The present invention relates to the L-lysine salt of aztreonam and methods for making the L-lysine salt of aztreonam.

Aztreonam is a monobactam antibiotic disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,775,670, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Aztreonam has the chemical name (Z)-2-[[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[[(2S,-3S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-sulfo-3-azetidinyl]carbamoyl]methylene]amino]oxy]-2-methylpropionic acid. Aztreonam is also known as [3S-[3α(Z),4β]]-3-[[(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinesulfonic acid and (2S,3S)-3-[[2-[2-amino-4-thiazolyl]-(Z)-2-[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-4-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidine-1-sulfonic acid. Aztreonam has the structure:

U.S. Pat. No. 4,775,670 discloses a process for making Aztreonam and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. However, U.S. Pat. No. 4,775,670 does not teach how to prepare salts of Aztreonam with amines or amino acids.
Applicants encountered unexpected difficulties when trying to prepare salts of Aztreonam with amines and amino acids by dissolution of the acid and base in a solvent and precipitation of the salt. In the majority of experiments an oil, which was impossible to crystallize and which decomposed very rapidly, was obtained.
Applicants have discovered methods that enable the preparation of a solid, stable Aztreonam L-lysine salt.

Aztreonam L-lysine and methods for the preparation thereof


An extended register processor includes a register file having a legacy register set and an extended register set. The extended register set includes a plurality of extended registers accessible only to extended register instructions. The processor maps extended register references to physical extended registers at run time. The processor includes a configurable extended register mapping unit to support this functionality. The mapping unit is accessible to an instruction decoder, which detects extended register references and forwards them to the mapping unit. The mapping unit returns a physical extended register corresponding to the extended register reference in the instruction. The mapping unit is configurable so that, for example, the mapping is specific to a code block. An extended register allocation instruction causes the processor to allocate a portion of the extended register set to the code block in which the declaration is located and to configure the mapping unit to reflect the allocation.

1. Field of the Present Invention
The present invention is in the field of microprocessors and, more particularly, microprocessors employing extended register sets.
2. History of Related Art
Microprocessors (processors) generally have a set of general purpose registers available to programmers. General purpose -registers store values that are used in arithmetic instructions, branch instructions, and memory access (load/store) instructions. The number of general purpose registers included in a processor design reflects a trade off between performance, which benefits from a large number of general purpose registers, and factors such as cost, complexity, and die size (the physical size of the processor), which benefit from fewer general purpose registers.
After a processor's architecture (including the number of general purpose registers) is defined, programmers develop software based on the defined architecture. As a body of such software comes into existence, compatibility considerations make it impracticable to alter the fundamental processor architecture. More specifically, existing code needs to be executable, preferably without recompilation, by all subsequent revisions of a processor.
Despite the concern with compatibility, some complex applications would benefit from having access to a larger number of general purpose registers. Accommodating such applications is difficult because a processor's instruction set generally restricts the number of general purpose registers that are accessible. For example, the instruction set for a processor having 32 general purpose registers usually includes 5-bit field(s) for referencing registers. A 5-bit register field is limited to addressing 32 registers. Accordingly, enabling applications to access a greater number of registers, while maintaining compatibility with existing code, generally requires an extended register set and an extended instruction set. An extended register set is a set of registers not addressable by a processor's legacy instruction set, but which may be accessible using instruction set extensions (e.g., instruction prefixes).
As the number of extended registers increases, context switching becomes a significant performance consideration. In a conventional extended register set implementation, context switching is achieved by saving the entire extended register set to memory as part of a code block's state. While this approach is simple, it becomes more time consuming and expensive as the number of extended registers increases.
In addition, conventional extended register set implementations do not have a compiler-independent mechanism (i.e., a run time mechanism) for allocating extended registers among different code blocks. Independent (separately compiled) code blocks are unaware of which, if any, extended registers are allocated to other code blocks. This limitation requires each code block to save and restore any extended registers that it uses, even when no other code block is using them. It would be desirable to implement an extended register set processor that addressed these limitations.

Extended register bank allocation based on status mask bits set by allocation instruction for respective code block

International Business Machines Corporation


The invention relates to an angular rate sensor having a vibration gyroscope, in which circuits are provided for operating the vibration gyroscope and for deriving an angular rate signal. The circuits access modifiable data, whereby this data is stored in a writable non-volatile memory. The data from the non-volatile memory is read after the angular rate sensor is switched on.

The invention relates to a rotation rate sensor having a vibration gyro with circuits which are used for operation of the vibration gyro and for emission of a rotation rate signal and which access variable data, having a nonvolatile memory which can be written to and in which the data is stored, and having means for reading the data from the nonvolatile memory after switching on the rotation rate sensor, with the data being subdivided into groups on the basis of its use, and measures for data protection being taken for in each case one group.
By way of example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,226,321 discloses rotation rate sensors in which a vibration gyro is excited on two axes which are aligned radially with respect to a major axis, for which purpose a primary and a secondary control loop having appropriate transducers are provided on the vibration gyro. These control loops may include various analog and digital circuits, with the analog circuits and the vibration gyro having tolerances, so that adjustment is necessary, at least during the production of the rotation rate sensor. The individual circuits then access the stored data during subsequent operation.
Furthermore, EP 1 189 025 A2 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,313,835 have disclosed data such as this being stored in an EEPROM. For safety reasons, the data is stored in a duplicated (redundant) form in EP 1 189 025 A2, so that the correctness of the data that is read can be checked by comparison. In addition, only one data storage process is provided during the production of the rotation rate sensor.
In the case of a rotation rate sensor which has been disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,826,204, a non-volatile memory is provided in an associated electronic controller and has written to it table values which change as the "learning success" of the controller progresses. There is therefore fundamentally a risk that, in poor circumstances, incorrect data may also be written to the volatile memory.
Furthermore, it may be necessary to match characteristics of the rotation rate sensor to the respectively intended purpose, for example by presetting parameter sets for filters.

Angular rate sensor having a vibration gyroscope


A radiator for a linear or curved mobile motor for removing the thermal distortion of a mover and a transporting member of a linear or curved mobile motor, and a high-accuracy, high-reliability linear or curved mobile motor using it. The linear or curved mobile motor includes a field pole having a plurality of permanent magnets with different magnetic poles arranged alternately along a field yoke, and an armature arranged opposite to the field pole via a magnetic gap and formed by winding a single or a plurality of coils around a core. The field pole is used as a stator and the armature being used as a mover that is relatively moved along the longitudinal direction of the stator. A thin plate heat pipe having therein thin holes for passing a hydraulic fluid is bright in close contact with the coil surface of the mover in parallel to a surface facing via a magnetic gap to constitute a heat absorbing unit and an end or part of the thin plate heat pipe is allowed to project from the magnetic gap to constitute a heat radiating unit.

Conventionally, as a linear mobile motor that is adapted such that a field pole as a stator to be used for carrying of a machine tool or a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, and an armature as a mover move relative to each other, there is a motor as shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 9 is a front sectional view of a conventional linear mobile motor. Here, an example of a moving-coil-type linear mobile motor that uses an armature as a mover will be described. Reference numeral 252 denotes a stator, reference numeral 255 denotes a mover, reference numeral 250 denotes a plate field yoke, and reference numeral 251 denotes a plurality of permanent magnets with different magnetic poles arranged alternately along the filed yoke 250 (vertical to the paper). A field pole composed of the field yoke 250 and the permanent magnets 251 constitutes the stator 252. Reference numeral 255 denotes a mover having a frame 254 provided with a number of coils 253 that are provided opposite to the permanent magnets 251 via a magnetic gap. The coils 253 are anchored with resin molding (not shown), and the frame 254 and the coils 253 constitute the armature. Further, the frame 254 can be a frame for fixing a transporting member for carrying a load or may be a transporting member itself. Pipes 260 and 256 are arranged at the bottom and sides of the field yoke 250. The pipes 260 and 256 are connected to an air blower (not shown) such that air flows through the pipe. A vent hole 257 for allowing a gap between the mover 255 and the stator 252 and the pipe 260 to communicate with each other is empty in the field yoke 250 such that the air flow through the pipes flows into the gap. Vent holes 258 for allowing a gap between the mover 255 and the stator 252 and the pipes 256 to communicate with each other are empty in the field yoke 250 and the permanent magnets 251 such that an air flowing through the pipes flows into the gap. By adopting such a configuration, in the linear mobile motor, a method of radiating the heat of a mover when a driving current continues to be supplied to the coils 253 from a power source in order to raise the thrust of the motor, and consequently temperature rises and calorific power increases due to an increase in the internal resistance of the coils 253 is disclosed (JP-A-2000-341911).
Meanwhile, in the aforementioned related art, the heat from the coils is radiated only by air blowing. Thus, when the motor is continuously driven long time, or when a high load is applied to the motor, heat cannot be radiated sufficiently, and consequently temperature rises and calorific power increase due to an increase in the internal resistance of the coils. Then, the heat is transferred via the frame to the transporting member fixed to the frame or to an upper part of the frame. As a result, the problem that thermal distortion of the frame and the transporting member is caused was not solved. In particular, in the portions of the frame facing the permanent magnets, the temperature of the coils rises with the lapse of time. Accordingly, the deflection caused by the thermal distortion that occurs in the longitudinal direction increases. Further, if the heat radiated from the coils of the linear or curved mobile motor increases, the distortion of the frame in the direction facing a row of the permanent magnets also increases, and consequently, the magnetic gap between the coils and the magnets fluctuates. As a result, since this deteriorates the traveling performance of the linear mobile motor, thereby causing an error in the degree of positioning accuracy, it was difficult to realize high-accuracy positioning. Further, since the magnetic gap fluctuates, it was also difficult to provide a motor that can make a curved movement having the fluctuation of the gap even if there is no thermal distortion.
The present invention has been made to solve the aforementioned problems. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a radiator for a linear or curved mobile motor capable of removing the thermal distortion of a mover or a transporting member, and a high-accuracy, hi-reliability linear or curved mobile motor using the radiator.

Linear or curved mobile motor and its radiator


Aluminum alloy plate having improved resistance against incoming kinetic energy projectiles, the plate having a gauge of 10 mm or more and the aluminum alloy having a chemical composition including, in weight percent: Mg 4.0 to 6.0, Mn 0.2 to 1.4, Zn 0.9 max., Zr<0.3, Cr<0.3, Sc≦0.5, Ti≦0.3, Fe<0.5, Si<0.45, Ag<0.4, Cu<0.25, other elements and unavoidable impurities each <0.05, total <0.20, balance aluminum, and wherein the alloy plate is obtained by a manufacturing process including casting, preheating and/or homogenization, hot rolling, a first cold working operation, an annealing treatment at a temperature of less than 350° C., followed by a second cold working operation.

As will be appreciated herein below, except as otherwise indicated, alloy designations and temper designations refer to the Aluminum Association designations in Aluminum Standards and Data and the Registration Records, as published by the Aluminum Association.
For any description of alloy compositions or preferred alloy compositions, all references to percentages are by weight percent unless otherwise indicated.
Because of their light weight, aluminum alloys have found wide use in military applications, including military vehicles such as personnel carriers. The light weight of aluminum allows for improved performance and ease of transporting equipment, including air transport of military vehicles. In some vehicles it is advisable to provide shielding or protection against assault, by providing armour plate to protect the occupants of the vehicle. Aluminum has enjoyed substantial use as armour plate, and there are a number of armour plate specifications for the use of different aluminum alloys.
The most relevant requirements for aluminum alloy armour plate are resistance to projectiles, good corrosion resistance, and in some applications, good weldability. Ballistic tests are often conducted with armour piercing ("AP") projectiles such as the 7.62 mm AP M2 and with fragment simulating projectiles ("FSP") such as the common 20 mm projectile. Aluminum alloys which satisfy all the requirements for armour plate are desirable, and these desires have been met to varying degrees. Aluminum alloys AA5083 and AA5456 are covered in the U.S. Military Specification for armour plate MIL-DTL-46027J (September 1998), and the alloy AA7039 is covered in the U.S. Military Specification MIL-DTL-46063H (September 1998). It is generally recognized that for many applications the alloy AA7039 armour plate is better than AA5083 and AA5456 armour plate, although the advantage is more for armour piercing ballistic performance and less so for fragment simulation performance, at least according to the military specifications. However, the alloy AA7039 can present corrosion or stress corrosion problems to a much greater degree than AA5083 and AA5456. The alloy AA7039 is very difficult to weld. The AA7039 alloy when used for armour plate applications is commonly in a T6 temper and the AA5083 and AA5456 alloys when used for armour plate applications is used in the H131 temper.
The compositional ranges for AA5083 are, in weight percent:                Mg 4.0-4.9        Mn 0.40-1.0        Cr 0.05-0.25        Si max. 0.40        Fe max. 0.40        Cu max. 0.10        Zn max. 0.25        Ti max. 0.15        impurities each element <0.05, total <0.15,        balance aluminum.
The nominal composition for the AA5083 alloy is about 4.4 wt. % Mg, 0.7 wt. % Mn and 0.15 wt. % Cr.
The compositional ranges for AA5456 are, in weight percent:                Mg 4.7-5.5        Mn 0.50-1.0        Cr 0.05-0.20        Si max. 0.25        Fe max. 0.40        Cu max. 0.10        Zn max. 0.25        Ti max. 0.20        impurities each element <0.05, total <0.15,        balance aluminum.
The nominal composition for the AA5456 alloy is about 5.0 wt. % Mg, 0.7 wt. % Mn and 0.15 wt. % Cr.
The compositional ranges for AA7039 are, in weight percent:                Zn 3.5-4.5        Mg 2.3-3.3        Mn 0.10-0.40        Cr 0.15-0.25        Si max. 0.30        Fe max. 0.40        Cu max. 0.10        Ti max. 0.10        impurities each element <0.05, total <0.15,        balance aluminum.
The nominal composition for the AA7039 alloy is about 4 wt. % Zn, 2.8 wt. % Mg, 0.25 wt. % Mn and 0.20 wt. % Cr.
Unless otherwise indicated, all composition percents in the present specification are weight percents.
The most important requirements for aluminum alloy armour plate are resistance to projectiles, good corrosion resistance and stress corrosion resistance in particular, and in modern applications, good weldability. Ballistic tests are often conducted with armour-piercing projectiles such as 0.30 inch calibre projectiles and with fragment-simulating projectiles such as the common 20 mm projectile. Aluminum alloys which satisfy all the requirements for armour plate are desirable.
Another aluminum-magnesium alloy is the AA5059 alloy registered with the Aluminum Association in June 1999. The registered compositional ranges for AA5059 are, in weight percent:                Mg 5.0-6.0        Mn 0.6-1.2        Zn 0.40-0.9        Zr 0.05-0.25        Cr max. 0.25        Si max. 0.45        Fe max. 0.50        Cu max. 0.25        Ti max. 0.20        impurities each element <0.05, total <0.15,        balance aluminum.
This aluminum alloy is also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,238,495-B2 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,342,113-B2, both incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The aluminum alloy is for the construction of large welded structures such as storage containers and vessels for marine and land transportation. The alloy has found in particular commercial usage in shipbuilding application, whereby the aluminum alloy is typically in the H321-temper or 0-temper and has a thickness or gauge of less than 20 mm. According to U.S. Pat. No. 6,238,495 the H321 temper was reached by a cold rolling reduction of 40% followed by heat treating by soaking the cold rolled product at 250° C. for one hour. The 0-temper was reached by a cold rolling reduction of 40% followed by soaking to cold rolled product at 525° C. for a period of 15 minutes.

Al-Mg alloy product suitable for armour plate applications


A method for detecting a registration offset is disclosed. The method includes transferring a first pattern to a metal layer on a first side of a printed circuit board (PCB) substrate. The first pattern has a reference scale. The method further includes transferring a second pattern to a metal layer on a second side opposite to the first side of the PCB substrate. The second pattern has a measurement scale. The second pattern is transferred by aligning an origin of the measurement scale with an origin of the reference scale in an apparatus such that at least a portion of the reference scale is overlapped with the measurement scale. The method includes etching the metal layers of the PCB substrate and measuring an offset in the patterns on the PCB substrate by using the reference scale and the measurement scale.

With development of the PCB technology, a multi-layer circuit board has an increased density between layers. Since a signal is needed to be transmitted between various layers of the multi-layer circuit board, the various layers of the multi-layer circuit board have to be electrically conductive with each other. Therefore, adjacent layers of the multi-layer circuit board need to have strictly corresponding locations for electrically conducting with each other. Deviations therebetween would affect the transmission of signals between adjacent layers.
Each layer of the multi-layer circuit board has a shape formed by printing a pattern on a copper foil layer of the circuit board by way of pattern transfer. During the pattern transfer, an exposure apparatus is used for forming a pattern on a photo-resist film on a copper foil layer by exposure.
Due to alignment errors in the exposure apparatus, during the exposure, patterns on adjacent copper foil layers which should be aligned with one another may have a registration offset from each other. After an etching process, due to the registration offset between the patterns at the conductive locations of adjacent layers, the conduction between the copper coils of the adjacent layers and thus the transmission of signal may be affected.
It is noted by the inventors of the present application that registration precision of the exposure apparatus is currently mainly determined according to an offset between positioning bores on adjacent layers after exposure. By this method, however, the registration offset of the exposure apparatus cannot be detected accurately.

Methods and apparatuses for detecting registration offsets

Peking University Founder Group Co., Ltd.

Zhuhai Founder Tech Hi-Density Electronics Co., Ltd.


A system for creating, maintaining and selectively accessing medical histories. The system allows a patient and other selected parties to build a medical history, but importantly places the authority to grant access to the medical history solely in the hands of the patient. When the patient's medical history file is created, the patient also pre-authorizes selected parties, including government agencies such as FEMA to have access to at least part of the patient's history. Each selected party is associated with an access module that dictates the level of access the party has to the medical history. Primary care physicians are associated with a full access module, which allows full access to the patient's medical history. Dentists and pharmacies are associated with a limited access module, which limits the party's access to only pertinent portions of the patient's medical history. The present system also includes a fingerprint scanner and/or retina scanner that can be used to identify unconscious patients and patients without an I.D. card.

The present invention relates generally to the fields of electronic data storage and privacy, and more specifically to controlling access to sensitive electronic files such as a person's medical history.
Proper medical diagnosis and subsequent treatment of a patient requires that medical care providers know specific facts regarding the patient's medical history, and have access to lab results, in a timely manner. The medical history assists the medical provider in evaluating a current medical problem and alerts the medical care provider to allergies, side effects of medications, and other potential scenarios, the knowledge of which is critical in treating the patient. A traditional medical history includes a list of the patient's major illnesses, or diseases, such as heart disease or diabetes, results of recent lab tests, including EKG's, current and past medications, known allergies, date last seen by the medical care provider, dates of last prescriptions and reasons for prescribing, and whether the reasons for prescribing constituted temporary or continuing conditions. It is also important that the medical care provider be able to access the patient's medical contact information including name, address and telephone number of a patient's primary care and specialist physicians.
Traditionally, each time a patient sees a doctor, or other medical care provider, the patient must fill out at least one medical history form prior to receiving treatment. The forms may be an initial history form for recording complete medical history when the patient had not been previously been treated by the medical care provider, or an update form for recording changes to the patient's medical history since the patient's last visit. In both cases, the patient completes the medical history information form relying on the patient's memory. The medical history information may not be accurate depending on many things including, a patient's recollection, a patient's understanding of his own medical condition, a patient's understanding of prior treatments received, as well as other factors that may lead to false, ambiguous or omitted medical history information.
In 1996, Congress enacted the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). HIPAA gives the patient rights over his own medical history information, and contains rules on who may look at and receive the patient's medical information. The Congress called on the United States Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) to issue patient privacy protections as part of the HIPAA. Key provisions of the patient privacy protections involve a patient's access to his own medical records, limits on the use of a patient's medical information, and prohibitions on marketing the patient's medical information. Current abilities for the patient to access the patient's own medical history, particularly up-to-date medical information, is limited. The patient's access to the patient's own medical history is important because the access may lead to the patient determining existence of an error in the patient's medical history, or presence of a correct entry in the patient's history of which the patient himself was unaware.
The purpose of the protections issued by HHS is to ensure confidentiality, integrity and availability of electronically maintained records, as well as to protect against reasonably anticipated threats or hazards to security and integrity of the medical information and protect against illegal uses or disclosures of the information. In order to comply with HIPAA, it is important to have a system capable of accessing up-to-date medical history information while maintaining the confidentiality and privacy required by HIPAA. This may be accomplished by an ability for the patient to control the access, and the level of access, to the patient's medical history information, (thus having an ability to deny access to, or set a limit on the amount of, the medical information provided to particular medical providers, or others that may have limited access modules) at the time that medical treatment is sought, or by pre-authorization particularly in the event of an catastrophe or emergency. The need for particular elements of the patient's medical information may differ depending on the type of the medical treatment sought by the patient. For example, a primary care physician and a major specialist may require access to the patient's full medical history, while a podiatrist, a specialist in cosmetic surgery, a dentist or a pharmacist may require access to only limited medical history. The limitations on the medical history may be based on the type of the medical history (e.g., the patient may not wish the dentist or the podiatrist to access information related to the date a Pap Smear was last performed) or by most recent time period time (e.g., the patient may wish a pharmacist's access limited to prescriptions issued within the last six (6) months and to known allergies and contraindications). This scenario is particularly useful when the patient purchases prescriptions from different pharmacies, or when the patient requires the medical treatment when away from home.
In an emergency or other situation where a patient may not be able to give consent to access medical history at the time the medical treatment is needed due to lack of consciousness, incompetence and other reasons, it may be crucial for the medical care provider to be aware of the patient's medical history. Options for a medical care provider to access a medical history include, communicating with a contact, such as a family member of the patient, who has the access and can inform the medical care provider of the medical history of the patient, and determining that the patient had pre-authorized the access to his medical history, for such a situation. Determination of such pre-authorization could be made through the use of an item carried by the patient, such as a card with a magnetic strip or bar code and a Personal Identification Number (PIN) of the patient that can be matched on a centralized database.
In addition to the patient's condition changing with time, new information is disclosed regarding medications on a continuing basis. The new information may include additional side effects and reactions with other drugs that may be a contraindication in the use or continued use of a particular drug currently prescribed for the patient. Alternatively, a side effect or reaction may be corrected or removed for a particular drug, thus changing a drug that was previously contraindicated into a drug potentially beneficial to the patient. Thus, an important mechanism in providing for ongoing quality medical care is a system that tracks both the patient's history and the new information related to drugs, combined with a matching capability and automatic triggering of notices and warnings to the physician, the pharmacist and the patient. Additionally, whenever new information is detected about a drug, it may be important that an advisory mailer or e-mail to the patient be generated that provides the notice that new information has been released regarding a medication that the patient is taking, and suggests that the patient contact his physician to obtain this important information.
Mental illness or other medical conditions may render a person unsuitable to obtain certain government licenses and/or permits such as a permit to purchase a firearm or other potentially dangerous weapon. Each year, thousands of guns are sold to individuals who have experienced mental illness or other medical condition in one form or another. It may be important for the proper authorities to have the ability to access a warning flag related to an applicant's medical history indicating potential unsuitability. If the patient has been recently treated or is undergoing care, it may be crucial that the authorities be made aware that further investigation may be warranted. However, so as to avoid violating the applicant's privacy or confidentiality, no information may be given regarding the condition or history. The flag thus may provide notice to the authorities that further investigation into the suitability of the license or the permit applicant may be warranted. While the license or the permit may ultimately be issued, this gives the authorities the time and tools to properly investigate a potentially dangerous situation, and still preserve the privacy and the confidentiality rights under HIPAA.
Local, regional or nationwide catastrophes such has hurricanes, floods etc. may warrant the need for a data base of those affected. Federal agencies, e.g. FEMA, American Red Cross to mention a couple, work together but have no current common data base of information of those affected. The ability to generate a data base of those who are affected by such catastrophe, provide medicine in a timely manner, and notify emergency contact persons is needed.
The authority to access the patient's medical history may also be given to another person or entity that does not provide medical services or dispense drugs. This scenario is useful if the medical care provider does not have access to a system described herein, but knows the patient's contact. Also, the patient may specify that certain persons may access the medical history only with the permission of another person. Additionally, the medical history may be available in foreign languages to facilitate access in non-English speaking communities. There are many different scenarios where the authority to access the medical history, with or without the consent of another person, may be important. For example, the authority to access the patient's medical information may be given to the person identified as the patient's contact (e.g., spouse, friend, family member) so that the medical care provider of the patient may communicate with the patient's contact for the patient's medical history. Another example is one in which the authority to access and allow others to access the medical history of the child may best be placed with the child's parent, or legal guardian. In the case of divorced parents, the authority may be placed with both parents, a custodial parent, a dependent parent, a step-parent, a biological parent, a legal guardian or some combination thereof. This may be important when the patient is near his home or traveling away from home, perhaps in a different country, and when the patient is a child or an incompetent person.
Many physicians have converted or are converting to housing the medical history information in persistent electronic storage (Paperless Patient Charts) using their own systems. However, many of the physicians do not have the capability of converting their paper systems to their own electronic storage systems. It is important that the capability be made available to physicians to convert their paper files to the persistent electronic storage without the necessity of the physician implementing his own system. It may also be important if the use of said capability had the affect of providing simultaneously updating of the patient's information for more timely access by the other medical care providers, as well as eliminating duplicate data entry.
In current medical history databases, the patient's medical information is provided by the patient himself. It may be important both for the completeness and accuracy of the patient's medical history to have the up-to-date medical history provided directly by the physician or, alternatively, by a service made available to physicians for entering the medical history information.
Currently, the patient's medical information may be housed in persistent storage on a chip, known as a Smart Card. However, the Smart Card is difficult to maintain and be accurate. Additionally, a Smart Card Reader must be available to access the medical information from the Smart Card. Also, currently there are Internet based medical records, however such do not comply with HIPPA and in some systems data is entered by the patient not the physician. Allowing the patient to edit their own medical records, without the knowledge or consent of their attending physician places both the physician and patient at risk.
In order to provide similar benefits to military personnel, it is important that a system is adopted strictly for military uses whereby only Emergency Rooms would have access to a military file in the event of an emergency.

Internet medical information system (IMED)


A utility distribution enclosure disclosed herein includes a container that defines an interior space that is interior of the container, a detent formed about inner surfaces of the container, and a partition positionably releaseably engageable with the detent to subdivide the interior space into a first subspace and a second subspace selectingly sized to accommodate a first utility interface and a second utility interface by positioning of the partition, in various aspects. The partition blocks interactions between the first utility interface and the second utility interface.

Utility, as used herein, includes, for example, electrical power, natural gas, water, telephone, Internet, television, and the like. Pathway, as used herein, includes, for example, utility pathways for electrical power transmission, natural gas transmission, water transmission, fiberoptic communication, and wired electromagnetic signal communication such as for telephone, television, and Internet. The pathways for wired electromagnetic signal communication may communicate digital signals, analogue signals, or both digital and analogue signals.
Utilities may be supplied to the localized area such as a commercial or industrial building, apartment complex, housing development, over pathways distributed from a trunk or main pathway. The pathway(s) that supply a specific utility to the localized area are then connected to the corresponding trunk at an enclosure device with a separate enclosure device being provided for the pathways for each utility. For example, when providing fiberoptic communication pathways and electrical power pathways to the same localized area, it is important to keep the delicate fiberoptic pathways safe from fire and noise bleed from the electrical power pathways. Accordingly, the enclosure device used for connection of the fiberoptic pathways is separate from the enclosure device used for connection of the power distribution pathways. The result is an increase in design overhead as multiple enclosure devices must be designed to accommodate multiple utilities. Installation costs are increased due to the necessity of installing the multiple enclosure devices.
Accordingly, there is a need for improved utility distribution enclosures.


A card edge connector includes an insulating body having opposite lateral side frames for mounting respectively two metallic pieces thereon, and terminals mounted in the insulating body and coupled to a circuit board. When an insertion side with conductive terminals of an electronic card is inserted into an insertion groove in the insulating body, the conductive terminals contact respectively contact portions of the terminals extending into the insertion groove. Each metallic piece includes first and second resilient arms extending from a base, and a carved metallic piece extending from the first resilient arm. When the insertion side of the electronic card is inserted into the insertion groove, each lateral side of the electronic card is clamped between the anchoring member and the second resilient arm of a corresponding metallic piece, and is formed with a notch engaging a projection of the second resilient arm of the corresponding metallic piece.

1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an electrical connector, more particularly to a card edge connector.
2. Description of the Related Art
Referring to FIG. 1, a conventional card edge connector for en electronic card 6, such as a memory card, is shown to include an insulating body 7 and two metallic pieces 5.
The insulating body 7 can be mounted on a circuit board (not shown), and has a top surface 70 formed with an insertion groove (not shown) that permits insertion of an insertion side of the electronic card 6 thereinto. When the insertion side of the electronic card 6 is inserted into the insertion groove, a plurality of conductive terminals (not shown) on the insertion side of the electronic card 6 contact electrically and respectively terminals (not shown) mounted in the insulating body 7.
The metallic pieces 5 are mounted respectively on opposite lateral side framed 71 on the top surface 70 of the insulating body 7. Each metallic piece 5 includes an upright main plate body 50 having front and rear sides 501, 500, a bent anchoring portion 52 extending from the front side 501 of the main plate body 50 and disposed distal from the insulating, body 7, and an L-shaped stop 51 extending from the rear side 500 of the main plate body 50 and disposed between the anchoring portion 51 and the insulating body 7.
When the electronic card 6 is inserted into the insertion groove in the insulating body 7, the anchoring portions 52 of the metallic pieces 5 engaged respectively notches 60 in opposite lateral sides of the electronic card 6. Upon vibration of an assembly of the conventional card edge connector and the electronic card 6, disengagement between the notches 60 in the electronic card 6 and the anchoring portions 52 of the metallic pieces 5 may occur. Therefore, the conventional card edge connector cannot ensure electrical contact between the conductive terminals 70 of the electronic card 6 and the terminals of the conventional card edge connector.


The present invention relates to certain tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives according to formula I wherein X is a group (A) or (B) ##STR1## R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which may be the same or different, each represent one or more substituents selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-6 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, C.sub.1-6 alkylthio, C.sub.4-6 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl and halogen;. R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7, which may be the same or different, are each selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkoxyC.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.4-6 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.3-6 cycloalkyl and C.sub.1-6 alkyl; n is 1 or 2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, to processes for their preparation, to pharmaceutical formulations containing them and to their use in medical therapy, particularly in the treatment of depression.

Depression is a common, serious and life threatening disorder, and its effects are persistent and debilitating.
The older antidepressants of the first generation, including imipramine and amitriptyline, have deleterious cardiovascular and anticholinergic side effects that can lead to serious toxicity in overdose and to poor patient compliance. The newer second generation drugs available from the mid-70's onwards, such as the atypical antidepressants and the inhibitors of serotonin reuptake (SSRI's), come with their own particular pattern of side effects which include sleep disturbances, gastrointestinal symptoms, sexual problems and anxiety. Lithium is plagued by a variety of adverse side effects, which often lead to poor compliance and subsequent relapse. The current alternatives to lithium, carbamazepine and valproate, are no more effective than lithium and carry the extra burden of haematological and hepatic toxicity respectively.


A reference current phase sensing part of a sensor phase (W) calculates an α-axis current iα and a β-axis current iβ in a fixed coordinate system formed with respect to a sensor phase as a base. The α-axis current iα is calculated based on a sensed current iw.sns of the sensor phase and a β-axis current iβ is calculated based on command currents iu* and iv* of the other two phases (U, V) determined from a d-axis command current id* and a q-axis command current iq*. Then a current phase xθ=tan−1(iβ/iα) is calculated. A basic wave estimating part calculates an estimated current iu.est of the other phase by calculating an estimation coefficient corresponding to the reference current phase xθ of the sensor phase and multiplying the sensed current iw.sns of the sensor phase by the estimation coefficient.

In recent years, because of the global need for lower fuel consumption and less exhaust emission, electric and hybrid vehicles mounted with an AC motor as a mechanical power source are proposed. By way of example, a hybrid vehicle is mounted with a DC power supply, which may be a secondary battery, an electric power converter, which includes inverters, and AC motors. The power supply is connected to the motors via the power converter. The inverters convert the DC voltage from the power supply into AC voltages for driving the motors.
The hybrid or electric vehicle is provided with a control apparatus, which includes two or three current sensors for sensing the currents in two phases or three phases of a three-phase motor. The apparatus controls the motor according to the outputs (sensed currents) from the current sensors. Thus, it is necessary to provide two or three current sensors for each of motors. This results in a bar to simplification of the parts of the inverter that include three-phase output terminals. This also results in a bar to reduction of the cost of a motor control system of the vehicle.
Patent documents 1 (JP 2004-64903A), 2 (JP H10-225199A), 3 (JP 2001-145398A, U.S. Pat. No. 6,229,719), 4 (JP 2004-159391A) and 5 (JP 2008-86139A, US 2008/0079385) disclose exemplary AC motor control apparatuses, which use one current sensor relative to plural phases.
In patent document 1, one current sensor is provided in a DC power supply line to sense a current flowing in a bus. If the current sensor is provided in the DC power supply line in a control system for a high power AC motor mounted in a vehicle, not only the assembling work near the DC power supply line is complicated but also extension of the DC power supply line causes current conduction noise. Thus an inverter will become large and expensive.
In patent document 2, a d-axis current Id and a q-axis current Iq are calculated from a sensed current of one phase among three phases by using a state equations determined in accordance with motor constants. According to this technology, since the motor constants vary with temperature, it is likely that an estimation error becomes large when the d-axis current Id and the q-axis current Iq are calculated by solving the state equations. Thus motor control cannot be stabilized. Further, complicated calculation processing is needed and hence it is not readily possible to implement such a technology in a control ECU (microcomputer).
In patent document 3, a d-axis current Id and a q-axis current Iq of an AC motor are calculated by d-q conversion of a sensed current of one phase among three phases and estimated phase currents of other two phases. The currents Id and Iq are averaged by first-order delay filters and inversely d-q converted to estimate phase currents of the other two phases. According to this technology, a delay is caused in the estimated current and motor control cannot be stabilized by an influence of a first-order delay filter provided for averaging, when a torque change or a rotation speed change is required as in a vehicle.
In patent document 4, one current sensor is provided for sensing a current flowing in one phase (for example, U-phase) among phases of an AC motor and currents of the other two phases (for example, V-phase and W-phase) are estimated based on a current of one phase (for example, U-phase) sensed by the current sensor, d-axis and q-axis command currents, and electrical angle information of the AC motor.
Specifically, this technique includes: determining a U-phase current phase angle θ′ (=θ+α) by adding the command current phase angle β between the q-axis and the vector resultant from the d-axis command current Id* and q-axis command current Iq* of the AC motor to the angle θ between the rotor of the motor and the U-phase axis of the stator of the motor; calculating a current amplitude Ia from the U-phase current phase angle θ′ and the sensed current Iu in the U-phase according to the following equation (A); calculating estimated currents Iv and Iw in the V-phase and W-phase respectively from the current amplitude Ia and U-phase current phase angle θ′ according to the following equations (B) and (C); calculating an d-axis estimated current Id and an q-axis estimated current Iq from the sensed current Iu in the U-phase and the estimated currents Iv and Iw in the V-phase and W-phase respectively; and performing the feedback control of the current in the AC motor by so calculating a command voltage for the motor that the estimated currents Id and Iq equal the command currents Id* and Iq* respectively.Ia=Iu/[√{square root over (1/3)}×{−sin(θ′)}]  (A)Iv=√{square root over ((1/3))}×Ia×{−sin(θ′+120°)}  (B)Iw=√{square root over ((1/3))}×Ia×{−sin(θ′+240°)}  (C)
A d-axis estimated current Id and a q-axis estimated current Iq are calculated based on the sensed current Iu of one phase and the estimated currents Iv and Iw of the other two phases. Command voltages for the AC motor are calculated and the current flowing to the AC motor is feedback-controlled so that the estimated currents Id and Iq attain the command currents Id* and Iq*.
Here, a current vector of the AC motor follows a command current vector (current vector corresponding to a current command value), while fluctuating relative to the command current vector because of influence of a control error, a feedback control and the like. Thus a deviation (deviation) arises between an actual current phase and a command current phase and hence the command current phase does not accurately reflect the actual current phase.
However, the actual current phase is not considered at all in this method. The estimated currents of the other two phases are calculated by using the U-phase current phase angle determined from the command current phase angle. As a result, the estimated currents cannot be calculated sufficiently accurately and the AC motor will not be controlled properly.
In patent document 5, one current sensor is provided to sense a current flowing in one phase (for example, U-phase) of plural phases of an AC motor. A sensed current of the U-phase sensed by this current sensor is used together with three-phase command currents of the AC motor to estimate currents of the other two phases (for example, V-phase and W-phase).
Specifically, the AC motor is controlled by means of a d-q conversion using an electrical angle based on a sensed current Iu of the U-phase and command currents Iv* and Iw* of the other two phases of three command currents Iu*, Iv* and Iw*, which are calculated from a d-axis command current Id* and a q-axis command current Iq* of the AC motor based on the electrical angle. The command currents of the other two phases are not sensed by the current sensor. However, similarly to patent document 4, the actual current phases cannot be accurately detected if the three-phase command currents are substituted in the other two phases, for which no current sensor is provided. Therefore, in a vehicle, in which a torque and a rotation speed are required to change from time to time, estimated currents will not be calculated sufficiently accurately, and hence the AC motor will not be controlled properly.


A mechanical arm system for opening a door includes an actuator assembly having an output shaft and an arm driven by the output shaft so as to move the door from a closed position toward an open position. The arm is free from contact with the door when the door moves from the open position to the closed position. The actuator assembly is mounted to a support member adjacent the door. The arm extends between the output shaft and the door. The arm may be moveable between a position in which the arm contacts the door in the open position and a retracted position in which the arm is free from contact with the door in the closed position. The arm may be moved to the retracted position before the door reaches the open position so as to abort the opening of the door.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to automatic door openers and other systems for opening or closing a door. More particularly, the present invention relates to a mechanical arm system for opening a door, especially a Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility (SCIF) door, in which no component of the mechanical arm system is mounted on, or makes permanent contact with, the door.
2. Background Art
Automatic door openers, for many different applications, are well known in the art. Automatic door openers may be equipped on doors of public facilities to allow passage through the doorway of people without their manual operation. Automatic door openers may incorporate hydraulic, pneumatic, and electromechanical devices. For example, a conventional automatic door opener for opening or closing a door includes an a control unit, an actuator driving a drive shaft and an articulated opener arm extending between the drive shaft and the door. An end of the opener arm is either permanently mounted on one of the door or the door frame, with the actuator and drive shaft combination mounted on the other of the door frame or the door. The opener arm responds to movement of the drive shaft to extend or contract so as to move the door to an open or closed position, respectively. The control unit may include adjustable timers and sensors to control the movement of the door, and to identify when an obstacle is encountered in the door's pathway. Typically, the door opener must complete its opening process of placing the door in the open position before closure of the door can be initiated.
Consequently, such a conventional door opener is unacceptable for use with a SCIF door. The requirements for an SCIF door are dictated by the U.S. government, and two of these requirements provide that, except for the lock, key bypass, a door closer, and crash-put bar, nothing additional can be installed which makes permanent contact with the door and that the door must be able to return to its closed state, quickly, at any point in its forward opening cycle.
What is needed, therefore, is a mechanism for automatically opening a door, in which none of the mechanism's components are mounted on the door itself, and further allows for closure of the door from any position during the door opening process. The present invention satisfies these and other needs, as will be made apparent by the description of the present invention that follows.

Mechanical arm system for opening a door


A personal cleaning utensil includes at least one binding member and a plurality of elastic elements which are respectively formed of elastic netting tubes having optionally different meshes or colors and bound together by the binding member.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a personal body cleaning utensil and more particularly, to a bath sponge, which is optionally made of different materials in different colors, and to a method of manufacturing the bath sponge.
2. Description of the Related Art
U.S. Pat. No. 5,144,744 discloses a manufacturing method of a diamond-mesh polyethylene netting sponge. According to this method, a diamond-mesh polyethylene netting sponge is obtained from a number of netting tubes stretched over supports, joined and bound together at the center and the released from the supports. According to the characteristics of the netting sponge as stated in the specification of the aforesaid prior art patent, the netting sponge is very easy to clean, and short rinsing is sufficient to eliminate all trace of dirt, and the sponge then dries rapidly.
However, because the netting tubes of the netting sponge of the aforesaid prior art design are made from one single material, i.e., polyethylene, the netting sponge provides only one roughness. It is neither practical nor comfortable to use a bath sponge having a particular roughness for cleaning different parts of the body. Therefore, a person may have to prepare several bath sponges having different roughness for cleaning different parts of the body.

Method of manufacturing a personal cleaning utensil


A user-removable CPU card includes a microprocessor and a bus bridge memory controller that allows the use of the microprocessor as a central processing unit of an electrical device (e.g. notebook PC or desktop PC). The user-removable CPU card includes a first connector that can be detachably coupled to a second connector in the electrical device, when the user-removable CPU card is inserted through an opening of the electrical device. When the electrical device is powered up subsequent to such insertion, the microprocessor on the user-removable CPU card functions as the central processing unit. Inclusion of a central processing unit of a computing device on a user-removable CPU card allows easy replacement of the CPU, for example, by simply opening a door and operating an eject mechanism, without disassembly of the housing. Therefore, a user can upgrade to a new central processing unit by simply ejecting a previously inserted user-removable CPU card and inserting a new user-removable CPU card, as easily as switching diskettes in the prior art (except for powering up the electrical device after such switching).

FIG. 1A illustrates a prior art desktop personal computer (e.g. IBM.TM. PC) 100 that includes a monitor 101, a system chassis 102 and a keyboard 103. System chassis 102 includes a number of boards (not shown in FIG. 1A) that are enclosed by housing 104. While housing 104 has an opening 105 for insertion of a floppy disk (not shown) into a disk drive 106, the user must perform a number of inconvenient, clumsy and time consuming actions to install a board, for example to add fax-modem functionality.
To install such a board, the user must first access rear panel 107 (FIG. 1B), to remove screws 108A-108E using a screwdriver. Then the user must pull cover 109 (FIG. 1C) straight forward in the direction of arrows 110A and 110B and then lift cover 109 upward in the direction of arrow 110C (FIG. 1D). During cover removal, the user must take care to ensure that any cables inside system chassis 102 are not caught in a catch (not shown) of cover 107.
The user must then remove an oblong plate, such as one of dust plates 111A-111G (better shown in FIG. 1B) that are used to keep out dust, by taking out a screw (not shown) that holds the dust plate in place on rear panel 107. Then the user must insert a plug connector (not shown) of a new board into a socket connector such as one of socket connectors J1-J14 of system board 113 (FIG. 1E) and also fasten the new board's rear plate to rear panel 107 with the screw that held the removed dust plate.
To install a new central processing unit (CPU), the user performs similar steps as described above. However, instead of inserting a new board, the user must pull out an old CPU chip 114 from an integrated circuit (IC) socket connector 115 on system board 113 and insert the new CPU chip in IC socket connector 115. Such replacement of CPU chips is not possible if old CPU chip 114 is soldered to system board 113 or if old CPU chip 114 has a pin-out different from the pin-out of the new CPU chip. In such a case, system board 113 must be replaced, using at least a screwdriver.
FIG. 1F illustrates an intuitive, easy and simple way to install or replace peripherals and memory in a prior art notebook PC 120. A user simply opens a door 121 to expose an opening 122 in housing 123 and inserts a personal-computer-memory-card-international association (PCMCIA) card 124 of the type described in "PC Card Standard" available from PCMCIA, 1030 East Duane, Suite G, Sunnyvale, Calif. 94086, Phone 1-408-720-0107 and that is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In the example of FIG. 1F, PCMCIA card 124 is an ethernet card having a PCMCIA plug connector 125 at one end for user-removable connection to a PCMCIA socket connector (not shown) in opening 122. PCMCIA card 124 also has an adapter connector 126 located opposite to plug connector 125 for connection to ethernet cables.
Therefore installing a peripheral in notebook PC 120 is as easy as inserting a floppy disk into a disk drive of a desktop PC. The user does not need to perform any of the clumsy actions described above in reference to FIGS. 1A-1E.
A number of PCMCIA cards are available, such as mass storage cards, network cards and fax-modem cards, all of approximately the same length and width as a credit card.
However, to install or replace a central processing unit (CPU) of notebook PC 120, a user must still perform clumsy actions of the type described above in reference to FIGS. 1A-1E. Such user actions are made even more difficult because of space constraints inherent in notebook PC 120.

User-removable central processing unit card for an electrical device


Provided is an RFID tag, wherein a communication distance of several centimeter or more can be secured and the cost of which can be reduced in comparison to conventional on-chip antennas, even when being compact in size (square shaped with a side of 1.9 to 13 mm). The RFID tag (80) comprises an antenna (20), an IC chip (30) connected to the antenna (20), and a sealing material (10) that seals the IC chip (30) and the antenna (20). The antenna (20) is a coil antenna or a loop antenna, and the resonance frequency (f0) of an electric circuit constituted by the inductance (L) of the antenna (20) and the capacitance (C) of the IC chip (30) is equal to the operation frequency of the IC chip (30), or in the vicinity thereof.

For the purpose of identifying and managing product information and preventing counterfeiting, many non-contact RFID tags including IC chips are used in commercial goods, packages, cards, documents, and the like. IC chips includes relevant information such as name and price of commercial goods. In some IC chips, information such as manufacturing date and factory or balance can be written by a reader/writer at a later date as needed. The information written in IC chips is read by a reader/writer to be used for management, sale, and use of commercial goods. In such a manner, the RFID tags have great benefits in increasing the convenience of merchandise management, increasing security, and preventing human errors (see Patent Literature 1).
RFID tags are usually attached to products or incorporated in cards. Accordingly, the RFID tags are strongly required to be compact and thin. In recent years, RFID tags have attracted attentions for use in products and the like which are conventionally managed with engraved or written lot numbers or are not managed in particular. Specifically, RFID tags have attracted attentions for use in management of high-variety small products such as glasses, watches, and medical samples. The RFID tags are helpful for management of factories, workers, manufacture dates, used materials, dimensions, properties, and stocks of commercial goods (samples). Accordingly, the RFID tags can reduce the trouble of management workers and prevent mistakes. For implementing such a convenient management system, RFID tags need to be miniaturized.
As such compact RFID tags, there is an RFID which includes an antenna (on-chip antenna) directly formed on an IC chip as illustrated in FIG. 1 but has a problem of short communication distance (not more than 1 mm). Compared with RFID tags which have communication distances of not more than 1 mm and can communicate only in substantially contact manner. RFID tags having communication distances of 2 to 3 mm or more provide better work efficiencies and higher work flexibility and are useful in sites where the RFID tags are actually used. In order to increase the communication distance of an on-chip antenna illustrated in FIG. 1, it is necessary to increase the size of the IC chip, which can increase the cost (see Patent Literatures 2 and 3).
On the other hand, as the RFID tags having comparatively long communication distances (2 to 3 mm or more), an RFID tag is used which includes an antenna formed on a film material and an IC chip mounted on the same as illustrated in FIG. 2 but has a problem of large size (a several cm square or larger) (see Patent Literature 4). The several cm square refers to a square 2 to 3 cm on a side. The same applies hereinafter.
On the other hand, some techniques to form an antenna within an IC package, which are excellent in mass production, are reported (see Patent Literatures 5 and 6).


A new system in which a forward extraction part, a scrubbing part, and a backward extraction part operate together and synchronously to produce specific substances by extraction and separation in a liquid-liquid system. The aqueous phase is circulated independently only in the forward extraction part one or more times, and the organic phase is circulated from the forward extraction part through the scrubbing part and the backward extraction part to the forward extraction part again in synchronization with the liquid circulation of the aqueous phase.

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for simply and economically producing a specific substance selectively separated in an aqueous phase and/or an organic phase, utilizing the effect equivalent to multistages obtained by repeatedly performing liquid circulation without increasing the number of extraction containers (towers or tanks) in the extraction and separation in a liquid-liquid system.
By separating and concentrating target components (dissolved components, solid components, or floating droplet components), or separating and removing impurities from the target components, using the extraction and separation in a liquid-liquid system, high quality metal products, chemical products (ex. organic compounds), etc. can be obtained. The extraction and separation in the liquid-liquid system is a method of separating, refining, and concentrating metal ions, organic compounds, biopolymers, etc. according to the difference in distribution of substances between two liquid phases that do not mix with each other, and is widely used in the industrial field. In the extraction and separation in the liquid-liquid system, various chemical reactions such as complexation reactions, dehydration reactions, solvation reactions, ion exchange reactions, acid-base reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions, catalytic reactions, and self-organization reactions may be occurred, depending on components to be handled.
In the extraction and separation in the liquid-liquid system, the target component in the aqueous solution can be separated with higher accuracy by performing multistage extraction which repeats the extraction-unit operation. Usually, the multistage extraction is performed by arranging the required number of extraction containers (towers or tanks) and processing sequentially. At that time, the higher the separation required, the more containers (towers or tanks) are required.
On the other hand, an apparatus that industrially performs the extraction and separation in the liquid-liquid system is provided with at least two parts, a forward extraction part and a backward extraction part, in which the target component extracted in the organic phase of the forward extraction part is collected into the backward extraction liquid (the aqueous phase of the backward extraction part) in the backward extraction part. At the same time, the reset organic phase is sent to the forward extraction part to reuse. Further, a higher separation accuracy can be obtained by inserting a scrubbing part between the forward extraction part and the backward extraction part, if necessary.
In general, so-called multistage structuring in which multiple containers (towers or tanks) are arranged for each of the forward extraction part, the scrubbing part, and the backward extraction part, allows the target components to be separated and refined to the required purity. Usually, multistage structuring refers to a method of performing extraction processing by installing individually the required number of containers for each of the forward extraction part, the scrubbing part, and the backward extraction part (for convenience, hereinafter called as multistage by number of containers).
However, this multistage structuring increases the size and the complexity of the apparatus, increases all initial costs, operating costs and maintenance costs, and deteriorates operability. Labor costs also increase due to the need for monitoring and complicated adjustment work. In other words, the cost for obtaining products such as metal products or chemical products by the separation and the refining based on the extraction and separation in the liquid-liquid system is greatly increased from many aspects.
In the prior art, the forward extraction part, the scrubbing part, and the backward extraction part are usually configured to perform the necessary extraction and separation while each functioning independently. For example, after performing an operation of extracting the target component into the organic phase of the forward extraction part, the organic phase of the forward extraction part is sent to the scrubbing part. The scrubbing part scrubs the impurities extracted along with the target components, that is, components that are not desired to be extracted to the organic phase, into the aqueous phase, and separates and refines further the target components in the organic phase. And then the organic phase of the scrubbing part is sent to the backward extraction part to recover the separated and refined target components by back-extracting into the aqueous phase of the backward extraction part. Finally, the reset organic phase is sent to the forward extraction part to reuse.
In this way, the operation of sequentially sending the organic phase to the subsequent stage and the operation of returning the reset organic phase to the previous stage to reuse are repeated. As long as the organic phase functions satisfactorily, the organic phase can be continuously circulated and repeatedly used between each part of the forward extraction part, the scrubbing part, and the backward extraction part. Specifically, based on the valve switching operation and the on/off operation of the liquid sending device (a circulation pump, etc.), the organic phase is taken out every time the operation at each independently functioning part is finished. The organic phase is recirculated while being regenerated by repeating the work and operation of sequentially sending liquids using the circulation pump for circulating the liquid in the order of circulation from the forward extraction part to the scrubbing part, from the scrubbing part to the backward extraction part, and from the backward extraction part to the forward extraction part. (For example, Japanese Patent No. 3223132).
As for the aqueous phase, basically, there is no need to go back and forth between the three parts (the forward extraction part, the scrubbing part, and the backward extraction part). However, in order efficiently to recover the extraction residual liquid while scrubbing the organic phase, the supply liquid supplied as the object to be processed is drawn from between the forward extraction part and the scrubbing part, and merged with the scrubbing liquid flowing out from the scrubbing part, and introduced into the forward extraction part while mixed with the scrubbing liquid. Such mechanism is also generally well known.

Method and apparatus for producing specific substances by extraction and separation in a liquid-liquid system


A method for forming a ceramic layer on the surface of a turbine component. This method comprises the following steps: (a) providing a turbine component having a surface; (b) providing at least one ceramic tape overlaying the component surface; and (c) manually pressing the at least one ceramic tape against the component surface at a temperature of from about 150° to about 700° F. (from about 66° to about 371° C.) so as to cause the at least one ceramic tape to adhere to the component surface.

This invention broadly relates to a method for forming at least one ceramic layer by manually pressing at least one ceramic tape, while heated, against the surface of a turbine component.
Components located in certain sections of gas turbine engines, such as the turbine, combustor, augmentor, exhaust nozzle, etc., are often thermally insulated with a ceramic layer in order to reduce their service temperatures, which allows the engine to operate more efficiently at higher temperatures. These ceramic layers, often referred to as thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), have low thermal conductivity, need to strongly adhere to the component, and need to remain adherent throughout many heating and cooling cycles.
Coating systems capable of satisfying the above requirements typically include a metallic bond coat layer that adheres the thermal-insulating ceramic layer to the metal substrate of the component. Metal oxides, such as zirconia, partially or fully stabilized with yttria, magnesia or other stabilizer metal oxides, have been used as the materials in this thermal-insulating ceramic layer. This ceramic layer is typically deposited by air plasma spraying (APS), low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS), or a physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique, such as electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD), to provide a strain-tolerant columnar grain structure. Bond coat layers are typically formed of an oxidation-resistant diffusion coating material such as a diffusion aluminide or platinum aluminide, or an oxidation-resistant overlay metal alloy material such as MCrAlY (where M is typically iron, cobalt, nickel, or a combination thereof). Aluminide coatings are distinguished from MCrAlY coatings, in that the former are intermetallic (diffusion) coatings, while the latter are metallic solid solution coatings.
While coating systems of the type described above are widely used, the requirement that the coating system remain adherent to the metal substrate surface through many heating and cooling cycles is particularly demanding because the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of ceramic materials is usually significantly lower than that of the superalloy metals typically used as the substrate of turbine engine components. Such differences in CTE, in combination with oxidation of the underlying bond coat layer or metal substrate, can eventually lead to spallation and partial or complete loss of the coating system. See background section of commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,485,590 (Ivkovich, Jr. et al), issued Nov. 26, 2002.
An additional desired characteristic for a coating system of a gas turbine engine component is for the outermost surface of the coating system to be extremely smooth in order to promote the aerodynamics of the component surface. While relatively smooth ceramic coatings can be produced by spraying or PVD techniques, smoother surface finishes would be desirable. In general, the techniques described above tend to produce ceramic coatings that are relatively porous, which is advantageous in achieving a lower coefficient of thermal conduction. See background section of commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,485,590 (Ivkovich, Jr. et al), issued Nov. 26, 2002.
However, porosity in ceramic coatings can also promote surface roughness (Ra). For example, ceramic coatings deposited by PVD techniques generally have a surface roughness of about 60 microinches (about 1.5 micron) Ra and higher. Those deposited by APS and LPPS techniques typically have an even higher surface roughness of from about 260 to about 400 microinches (from about 6.6 to about 10.2 microns) Ra. Ceramic coatings deposited by conventional spray methods on components with complex geometries (e.g., curved surfaces) are further prone to such surface flaws as shadowing effects (i.e., thin or beaded regions caused by partial masking due to component shape) and slumping (i.e., thicker regions formed by movement of material to low portions of a component due to gravity). See background section of commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,485,590 (Ivkovich, Jr. et al), issued Nov. 26, 2002.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to be able to form one or more ceramic layers on the surface of gas turbine engine components that: (1) are adherent to the component surface through many heating and cooling cycles; and (2) can be denser and smoother for improved aerodynamic performance.


A package substrate includes a core substrate, a first buildup layer and a second buildup layer. The first buildup layer includes an uppermost interlayer, an upper inner interlayer, an uppermost conductive layer including first pads and second pads, an upper first conductive layer, an upper second conductive layer, vias formed through the uppermost interlayer and connecting the upper first conductive layer and the second pads, and skip vias formed through the uppermost and upper inner interlayers and connecting the uppermost and upper second conductive layers. The second buildup layer includes a lowermost interlayer, a lower inner interlayer, a lowermost conductive layer including third pads, a lower first conductive layer, a lower second conductive layer, vias formed through the lowermost interlayer and connecting the lower first conductive layer and third pads, and skip vias formed through the lowermost and lower inner interlayers and connecting the lowermost and lower second conductive layers.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a package substrate on which multiple electronic components is mounted.
2. Description of Background Art
Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. H06-53349 describes a multi-chip module substrate. Two large-scale integration (LSI) chips are mounted on a single substrate. The two LSI chips are connected via interconnect layers. The interconnect layers are drawn in different insulating layers. The entire contents of this publication are incorporated herein by reference.