An inkjet recording apparatus includes a recording head, a housing, a cap unit, a protrusion and a guide part. The recording head has an ink ejecting port on a lower face. The housing supports the recording head. The cap unit includes a cap. The cap unit is inserted into a space below the recording head in a predetermined direction to be attached to the housing and to cover the lower face of the recording head with the cap. The protrusion is protruded from a lower portion of the housing on a rear side in the predetermined direction more downward than the lower face of the recording head. The guide part is formed in an upper portion of the cap unit on the rear side in the predetermined direction and comes into contact with the protrusion so as to guide insertion and removal of the cap unit.

The present disclosure relates to an inkjet recording apparatus including a cap unit for preventing liquid leakage from a recording head.
An inkjet recording apparatus forms an image on the sheet by ejecting an ink drop through a plurality of nozzles provided on a lower face of a recording head. However, when the image formation is not performed, moisture evaporates from the ejecting port of the tip end of the nozzle to dry the ink, and the ejecting port may be clogged. Then, a technique for preventing drying of ink by mounting a cap on the recording head has been conventionally discussed. For example, the cap may be provided with a long plate-shaped cap body, and an annular rib protruding from the upper face of the cap body and having an oval shape in a plan view. At a time of the image formation, the cap unit is retracted to the lateral side of a conveyance belt facing the recording head. When the image formation is completed, the conveyance belt is lowered, the cap unit is moved to a position facing the recording head, the cap unit is lifted by lifting of a conveying belt, and the annular rib is pressed against the lower face of the recording head.
By the way, when the inkjet recording apparatus is shipped from a factory, the ink is not filled in order to prevent deterioration of the ink, and the recording head is filled with a storage liquid in order to prevent generation of bubbles when the ink is filled. Therefore, in the above configuration, when an atmospheric pressure changes during transportation, there is a possibility that the storage liquid leaks from between the annular rib and the recording head.
Then, it is considerable that the cap unit is configured to press an elastic body on the entire area of the lower face of the recording head and to seal the ejecting ports. In this case, a work is required, in which after the conveyance unit is removed to secure a work space before shipping, the cap unit is inserted from the lateral side and then attached to the recording head. However, it is difficult to perform a screw fastening work on the rear side of the apparatus. Then, a configuration is considered that the rear side end portion of the cap unit is inserted into a recess formed in the apparatus main body and the front side of the cap unit is fixed to the apparatus main body by a screw. In this case, first, the cap unit is inserted in such a manner that the rear side is inclined to be higher, and the rear side end portion is inserted, and then the front side is lifted to be fixed to the apparatus main body. There is a possibility that when the cap unit is inserted into the work space, the rear side end portion comes into contact with the recording head and the recording head is damaged. Also, there is a similar possibility when the cap unit is removed after installation of the apparatus.
Further, an inkjet recording apparatus for color printing is provided with a plurality of the recording heads which ejects ink drops of different colors. The recording heads may vibrate at different phases for each recording head during transportation. In this case, depending on the recording head, the phase of the vibration is shifted from that of the cap unit, and the sealing property of the ejecting port may be deteriorated. In order not to deteriorate the sealing property, it is necessary to firmly fix the cap unit, but the attaching and detaching work may become complicated.


A field effect transistor and method of fabricating the field effect transistor. The field effect transistor, including: a gate electrode formed on a top surface of a gate dielectric layer, the gate dielectric layer on a top surface of a single-crystal silicon channel region, the single-crystal silicon channel region on a top surface of a Ge including layer, the Ge including layer on a top surface of a single-crystal silicon substrate, the Ge including layer between a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer on the top surface of the single-crystal silicon substrate.

Complimentary metal-oxide-silicon (CMOS) technology is used in many integrated circuits. CMOS technology utilizes n-channel metal-oxide-silicon field effect transistors (n-MOSFETs) often shortened to NFETs and p-channel metal-oxide-silicon field effect transistors (p-MOSFETs) often shortened to PFETs. Conventional NFETs and PFETs are well known in the art and comprise a source region and a drain region on opposite sides of a channel region formed in single-crystal silicon with a gate electrode formed on top of a gate dielectric layer which is itself formed on top of the channel region.
When NFETs and PFETs are used in high performance circuits, the PFETs need to be larger than the NFETs to overcome the difference in carrier mobility between NFETs and PFETs so as not to let the PFETs limit overall circuit switching speed. The hole mobility in PFETs is about 25% that of the electron mobility of NFETs. Larger PFETs require more silicon area and more power in a time when modern integrated circuits need to be smaller and consume less power in very many applications.
Therefore there is a need for both an improved PFET with high switching speed at reduced silicon area and power consumption compared to conventional PFETs and an NFET that may be fabricated simultaneously with the improved PFET.

NFET and PFET devices and methods of fabricating same

International Business Machines Corporation


Audio data and additional audio information multiplexed therewith and distributed are received by an integrated receiver decoder. The received audio data is separated and decoded by a received-signal processing section. The data is then sent to an external recording unit and recorded onto a recording medium. The received additional audio information is separated by the received-signal processing section. The title of a musical piece and performer information are sent to the external recording unit through a digital interface or an infrared interface, and written onto a predetermined area of the recording medium.

The present invention relates generally to receiving and recording audio data distributed by digital or analog broadcasting, and more particularly, to a method for recording the title, performer information, and other related information of a musical piece onto a recording medium when the audio data is recorded on the recording medium.
Digital satellite broadcasting techniques have been widely used. The digital satellite broadcasting, which employs moving picture experts group phase 2 (MPEG2) for data compression, is more immune to noise and fading and achieves higher-quality signal transfer than analog broadcasting. In addition, multiple channels can be used. Programs of a number of channels dedicated to fields, such as movie channels, sports channels, news channels, and music channels, have been broadcasted.
Some music channels provide programs in which audio data is multiplexed with additional audio information. When such a program of a music channel is received, the sound of a musical piece is output from a speaker connected to a receiving unit and performer information, the title of the musical piece, and elapsed performance time information are displayed on the screen of a TV receiver connected to the receiving unit.
To write the title and performer information of the musical piece being recorded, into a table of contents (TOC) of a Mini Disc (hereinafter called an MD) when the audio data of the music channel is recorded in the MD, it is necessary to write down additional audio information displayed on the screen of the TV receiver on a sheet and to manually use the input section of an MD recorder.
To start recording in synchronization with the start of a musical piece, to stop recording when the musical piece ends, and to record delimitation signals of musical pieces when a plurality of musical pieces are continuously recorded, it is required to start, stop, and input the delimitations manually with the use of the input section of the MD recorder while the user watches an elapsed performance time indicated on the screen of the TV receiver.
In addition, when a digital broadcasting program with which no additional audio information is transferred is recorded, if the user wants to input the name of the program as TOC information, the user needs to manually input it with the use of some character input means.
The present invention has been made in consideration of the above situations. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a data receiving and recording method and a data receiving apparatus which allow additional audio information to be automatically recorded in a recording medium when audio data with which the additional audio information is multiplexed and distributed is received and recorded on the recording medium.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a data receiving and recording method and a data receiving apparatus which allow the start of recording in synchronization with the start of a musical piece, the stop of recording in synchronization with the end of the musical piece, and recording of the delimitation signals of the musical piece when audio data with which additional audio information is multiplexed and distributed is received and recorded on a recording medium.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a data receiving and recording method and a data receiving apparatus which allow a program name or a channel name to be automatically recorded in a recording medium when audio data with which a broadcasting station name and the program name are multiplexed and distributed is received and recorded on the recording medium.
One of the foregoing objects is achieved in one aspect of the present invention through the provision of a data receiving and recording method for receiving a broadcasting program in which the audio data of a musical piece and additional information are multiplexed and distributed, by a receiver and for recording the received audio data into a recording medium in a recording apparatus, including the steps of: selecting a transfer path for transferring the additional information received by the receiver to the recording apparatus; recording the audio data into the recording medium; and automatically writing the additional information transferred through the selected transfer path onto a predetermined area of the recording medium, simultaneously with the recording of the audio data.
One of the foregoing objects is achieved in another aspect of the present invention through the provision of a data receiving and recording method for receiving a broadcasting program in which the audio data of a musical piece and additional information are multiplexed and distributed, by a receiver and for recording the received audio data onto a recording medium in a recording apparatus, including the steps of: monitoring the matching of elapsed performance time information and performance time information included in the received additional information, by the receiver; and generating a control signal which controls the recording start and the recording stop of the audio data for the recording apparatus when the elapsed performance time information matches the performance time information.
One of the foregoing objects is achieved in yet another aspect of the present invention through the provision of a data receiving apparatus for receiving a broadcasting program in which the audio data of a musical piece and additional information are multiplexed and distributed and for controlling a recording apparatus so as to record the received audio data onto a recording medium, including: selecting means for selecting a transfer path for transferring the received additional information to the recording apparatus; audio-data transfer means for transferring the audio data to the recording apparatus; and additional-information transfer means for transferring the additional information received through the selected transfer path to the recording apparatus, simultaneously with the transfer of the audio data.
One of the foregoing objects is achieved in still another aspect of the present invention through the provision of a data receiving apparatus for receiving a broadcasting program in which the audio data of a musical piece and additional information are multiplexed and distributed and for controlling a recording apparatus so as to record the received audio data onto a recording medium, including: monitoring means for monitoring the matching of elapsed performance time information and performance time information included in the received additional information; and generating a control signal which controls the recording start and the recording stop of the audio data for the recording apparatus when the elapsed performance time information matches the performance time information.
In a data receiving and recording method and a data receiving apparatus according to the present invention, a transfer path for transferring the additional information received by the receiver to the recording apparatus is selected; the audio data is recorded onto the recording medium; and the additional information transferred through the selected transfer path is automatically written onto a predetermined area of the recording medium, simultaneously with the recording of the audio data.
In a data receiving and recording method and a data receiving apparatus according to the present invention, the receiver monitors the matching of elapsed performance time information and performance time information included in the received additional information and generates a control signal which controls the recording start and the recording stop of the audio data for the recording apparatus when the elapsed performance time information matches the performance time information.


A fishing operation may include actuating a blind ram above the wellhead to seal around the wireline; pulling out a portion of the wireline out of the wellhead; cutting the portion of the wireline; rigging up a coiled tubing blowout preventer on top of the blind ram; connecting a wire within a coiled tubing to the wireline; connecting a coiled tubing bottom hole assembly to the coiled tubing; opening the blind ram and running in hole the coiled tubing into the wellbore; pulling, with the wire, the wireline inside the coiled tubing as the coiled tubing is lowered into the wellbore; lowering the coiled tubing to reach a depth within the wellbore containing a stall or stuck point in the tubular string; cutting the wireline with a wire cutter of the coiled tubing bottom hole assembly; and pulling out the coiled tubing with the wireline.

In the oil and gas industry, operations may be performed in a wellbore at various depths below the surface. In order to recover hydrocarbons from a well, any number of electrical systems may be deployed for providing power within the wellbore to perform various operations. Many of these electrical systems need high-reliability power grids and power control units located on the surface or rig to power various devices. Power systems play a major role in providing the required and reliable power to the various electrical systems. In conventional methods, power is provided from external sources to the downhole tools via cables to submerged process control equipment, pumps and compressors, transformers, motors, and other electrically operated equipment. For example, the cable may be a wireline. The wireline is an electrical cable used to lower tools into and transmit data about the conditions of the wellbore. The wireline may consist of braided cables and be used to perform wireline logging, as well. Wireline logging is the acquisition and analysis of geophysical and petrophysical data and the provision of related services provided as a function of along-hole depth. In addition to the wireline or separate of the wireline, a slickline may be run in the wellbore. The slickline is a nonelectric cable used for setting and retrieving wellbore tools, such as a plug.
In oil and gas, downhole tools may be become stuck during drilling and workover operations, even when preventive measures are taken. Fishing operations are conducted for removing lost, stalled, or stuck tubulars and downhole tools from the wellbore. Fishing operations fall into three categories: open hole, when there is no casing in the area of the fish; cased hole, when the fish is inside casing; or thru-tubing, when it is necessary to fish through the restriction of a smaller pipe size (tubing). Fishing operations may be expensive, time-consuming, and require special tools. One of the most challenging of all fishing operations is the recovery of wireline or slickline and the tool or instruments run with the wireline or slickline. Conventional methods cut only a part of the wireline and leave the remainder of the wireline within the wellbore, thereby requiring further fishing operations.

Methods and systems to retrieve a wireline/eline in a wellbore with a coiled tubing


A free-swinging cutter for use on a machine adapted to cut and clear brush and trees, including a generally stirrup-shaped member having two opposing sidewalls, a leading face with a cutting edge for cutting, and a rearward face opposite the leading face. The cutter is adapted to be swingably mounted at a point offset from its center of mass so that the cutting edge is disposed below the rearward face to form a relief heel. The invention also includes a method of creating a relief area on a cutter swingably mounted on the rotating drum to improve chip flow, which includes the steps of providing a cutter as described above and swingably mounting the cutter to a drum about an axis offset from the cutter's center of mass so that the cutting edge is disposed below the rearward face when the cutter extends radially from the drum following the rotation of the drum.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to cutting elements used with a machine for cutting and clearing such things as brush, debris and small-diameter trees. More particularly, though not exclusively, the present invention relates to a free-swinging cutter having a particular configuration that enhances its cutting efficiency without retarding chip flow.
2. Problems in the Art
Land clearing devices, also referred to as forestry shredders, are used to clear such things as utility and pipeline right-of-ways, fire lanes, construction and development sites, and recreational sites. Many prior art forestry shredders have a plurality of cutting elements or cutters swingably mounted near the periphery of a horizontal drum. In response to the rotation of the drum, the cutters engage and cut through the tree or other woody debris. The shredded material is then discharged and left to mulch to retard erosion and decompose. Typically, the drum is mounted on and driven by a heavy-duty, full-time, four-wheel drive tractor.
During the cutting operation, each cutter strikes the target and then is pushed back somewhat, but then swings forward to the correct position for the next impact during the next revolution of the drum. The leading face of the cutter has a cutting edge which impacts the wood or other debris. As the cutter passes through the cutting area, the bottom surface of the cutter tends to remain in contact with the wood, creating additional drag which diminishes the efficiency of the cutting device. It is therefore desirable to provide a relief heel on the cutter such that the cutting edge extends below the rearward face of the cutter when the cutter extends radially from the drum.
A typical cutter is machined from a flat metal plate which is bent or curved into a generally stirrup-shaped member. This is a fairly fast and inexpensive manufacturing process. Manufacturing a cutter having a relief heel, however, requires additional machine and rework operations and is a more extensive process. One solution to the problem is to simply dimple the bottom surface near the rearward face of the cutter so that it is elevated above the cutting edge. Although this design is able to utilize a flat, generally rectangular plate, the dimpled portion tends to retard chip flow through the cutter between its sidewalls. Thus, there is a need in the art for an improved cutter that can be inexpensively manufactured with a relief heel from a simple rectangular plate without significantly retarding chip flow through the cutter.


Systems, methods, and computer program products for determining relative normalcy and abnormalcy of a plurality of test results are provided. Test results are transformed into respective unitized values and then graphically displayed with a unitized reference range. A unitized analytical variation of each of the respective unitized values may be determined and displayed. Unitized data can be graphically presented in a predefined order to produce patterns. These patterns can be compared, either manually or electronically, with other patterns representative of known conditions to quickly and easily assess the medical status of multiple body organs and/or systems of a patient, or to assess the condition of various attributes of objects including any type of process, product, machine, or system capable of being measured.

The present invention relates generally to data analysis and, more particularly, to reporting and comparison of data analysis results.
The method of reporting numerical laboratory test data, such as biological and other laboratory tests, has essentially remained unchanged since its modern inception, beginning in the first half of the twentieth century. The traditional method includes reporting a measured value (i.e., a test result) and its relevant set of normal values, known as a reference range. It is often inadequate to report only a measured value because different tests may have different respective reference ranges. Generally, all reference ranges include a set of two values with one value designated as an upper reference range limit and another designated as a lower reference range limit.
In the last quarter of the twentieth century the number of available laboratory tests has risen prodigiously and there are now many hundreds of numerically reported tests, each continuing to have its own unique set of reference ranges. This marked proliferation of data has offered an interpreter of the data an abundant variety of tests from which to conduct physiological as well as disease investigations. However, the sheer volume of available tests has also contributed to information overload. An interpreter typically attempts to remember hundreds of reference ranges when evaluating test data. For example, a single composite tabular listing of lab results on one biological entity (or non-biological entity) can include forty or more tests, all of which may have different reference ranges.
Another aspect of the interpretation and application of measured biological (or non-biological) laboratory data is the observation that a test value that falls within the reference range has variable significance depending on whether the measured value is near the upper limit, the lower limit, or the mean value of the reference range. The relative significance of a test has to be qualitatively assessed and committed to memory because it is not typically quantified on the traditional report. If multiple tests are simultaneously reported, an interpreter of the test data typically tries to retain in his/her memory the relative position of each measured value and make qualitative interpretive decisions among the tests utilizing mentally calculated relative positions in the reported test data. For example, one test may have a measured value two points below the upper reference range value and another test may have a measured value eight points below the upper reference range value. The interpreter may wish to know if one of these tests is at more risk for being abnormally elevated than the other test. A qualitative evaluation may be required because the number of points in the reference range for each of these tests may be different. The relative closeness of one value to the upper reference range (or the lower reference range for that matter) may be dependent on the number of units in the reference range. Table 1 below illustrates this situation.
In Table 1, the second column (MV=xe2x88x922) indicates a measured value two numbers less than the upper limit of the reference range. The third column (MV=xe2x88x928) indicates a measured value eight numbers less than the upper limit of the reference range. Each of the six measured values (MVs) in Table 1 are considered normal values because each lies within the reference range for a respective test. When measured values are viewed in the format of Table 1, which resembles traditional reporting formats, it may be difficult to determine which measured value is relatively greater than, or less than, any other measured value.
Consequently, if measured values that fall within a reference range are to be compared among the many different tests, then an interpreter should perform a qualitative analysis on each test and retain this information in memory for each test. If this type of mental calculation is not performed, then refinement in the application of measured values may not be possible and diagnostic information may be lost.
The concept of relative normalcy of a measured value that falls within a reference range is also applicable to measured abnormal values that are above or below a reference range. The same qualitative mental assessment is involved in determining the relative abnormalcy of an abnormal value. An example of this would be to determine whether a liver function test that is elevated ten points above the upper reference range is as qualitatively elevated as another liver function test that is also ten points above the upper reference range. Since these two tests may indicate different parts of the liver, it is reasonable to ask whether one part of the liver is more diseased than the other. This process of test comparison may become even more complex when the interpreter is attempting to assess a panel of many tests that relate to different organs or different diseases. This type of analysis is generally referred to as multiparametric analysis.
There have been attempts to present multiparametric test data from biological entities in a non-traditional format in order to enhance an interpreter""s perception of inter-test relationships and abnormal values. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,527,240 to Kvitash describes a process whereby measured patient values are transformed to units referred to as xe2x80x9cBalascopicxe2x80x9d units. Unfortunately, in data analysis according to Kvitash, the Balascopic units are plotted on an axial graph. These axial graphs may be somewhat difficult to use. Furthermore, the Balascopic process of Kvitash does not distinguish between test data reported as whole integers and decimals. Consequently, interpretative decisions that are made based on decimal values may be difficult to make with the Kvitash process. Another drawback of the Kvitash process is that it does not provide analytical variation associated with each measured value.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,541,854 to Yundt describes displaying conventional multi-level hematology quality control data (three levels) in a complex graphic form. Yundt is concerned with the presentation of tri-level quality control data and not with the presentation of measured unknown samples.
Statistical methods utilizing xe2x80x9cZ scoresxe2x80x9d to specify the relative frequency or probability of a random number in a normally distributed set of measurements are known. Unfortunately, Z scores are somewhat difficult to use to identify the relative value of one test result to another. Furthermore Z score techniques are somewhat limited because data beyond the maximum and minimum limits of normal distribution cannot be used.
In view of the above discussion, it is an object of the present invention to reduce much of the complexity associated with interpreting laboratory test data.
It is another object of the present invention to facilitate determining relative relationships of measured values from laboratory tests to respective reference ranges.
These and other objects are provided by systems, methods, and computer program products for determining relative normalcy or abnormalcy (or any other type of variation) of a plurality of test results, by transforming test results into respective unitized values and then graphically displaying each of the unitized values with a unitized reference range. Additionally, a unitized analytical variation of each of the respective unitized values may be determined and displayed.
Initially, a reference range for a test is unitized to a single number. A total number of possible test results within respective portions (e.g., halves) of the reference range is then determined. This is accomplished by determining a total number of possible test results within the reference range to produce a reference range spread, and then dividing the reference range spread in portions.
The fractional value of the plurality of test results in the respective portions of the reference range is then determined. The fractional value of the plurality of test results comprises a reciprocal of the total number of possible test results in the portion of the reference range. Each of the plurality of separately determined test results are then transformed into respective equilibrated values. This is accomplished by determining the equilibration point of the reference range and then determining a difference between the equilibration point and each of the plurality of test results. Each equilibrated value represents a relative position of a respective test result with respect to an equilibration point of the reference range.
Each of the equilibrated values is then transformed into respective unitized values by multiplying each respective equilibrated value with a respective fractional value of the plurality of test results in the portion of the reference range. Each unitized value represents relative normalcy or abnormalcy of a respective test result with respect to the unitized reference range.
According to the present invention, unitized values with the same numerical value indicate the same quantitative variation from any reference point(s) within the unitized reference range. According to the present invention, a unitized value of 1.5 for a glucose level within a patient and a unitized value of 1.5 for a sodium level within a patient will mean the same quantitative increase for each test. Furthermore, the present invention may allow an interpreter to recognize problems and undertake corrective actions sooner. By utilizing unitized values according to the present invention, an interpreter could more easily recognize that a unitized sodium value of 1.5 is more severe than a unitized glucose value of 1.1 and, therefore, take action to rectify the sodium level.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, unitized data can be graphically presented in a predefined order to produce patterns. These patterns can be compared, either manually or electronically, with other patterns representative of known medical conditions to quickly and easily assess the medical status of multiple body organs and/or systems of a patient.
The present invention may be applied to the interpretation of any type of laboratory test data, both biological and non-biological, and particularly where the test data is interpreted by referring to a reference range. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to the interpretation of data measured from any entity, system, or process which is capable of being measured, including biological and non-biological entities. The present invention is particularly useful where multiparametric data is obtained from testing.

Methods and apparatus for interpreting measured laboratory data


An alignment apparatus for a planar member includes, an image capturing unit which captures an image of a rotationally asymmetrical alignment mark provided on the planar member, a position detection unit which detects a position of the alignment mark from the image, a position adjusting unit which adjusts, based on the detected position of the alignment mark, the position of the planar member relative to a reference position, and an orientation detection unit which detects an orientation of the planar member based on the rotational asymmetry of the alignment mark captured in the image.

In a fabrication apparatus that handles planar workpieces, such as panels, sheets, semiconductor wafers, etc., or planar members, such as photomasks, etc., and more particularly, in a fabrication apparatus that processes and laminates together liquid crystal, electronic paper, organic EL, or like members or that processes and assembles circuit substrates, or in a fabrication apparatus for a semiconductor integrated circuit or the like, the alignment of such planar workpieces or members is performed by automatically detecting their positions. For simplicity, in the description given herein, workpieces such as panels, sheets, substrates, semiconductor wafers, etc., and members such as photomasks, etc., on the fabrication apparatus side, may be simply referred to as "workpieces".
Japanese Laid-open Patent Publications No. 2002-243412 and No. 2005-317806 each disclose a method for alignment of a printed substrate and a glass plate by detecting marks provided on the printed substrate and the glass plate, respectively. Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2006-119321 discloses a structure in which alignment marks are provided on a liquid crystal display panel and a flexible substrate, respectively, for alignment of these two members. Japanese Laid-open Patent Publication No. 2006-5187 discloses a method for detecting the orientation of a printed substrate by using a plurality of positioning marks.

Alignment apparatus and fabrication apparatus for planar member and alignment method and fabrication method for planar member


A computer-implemented technique for feature extraction includes obtaining an electronic image of an object and performing an edge detection algorithm on the electronic image. The technique further includes performing an edge pooling algorithm and sampling the electronic image edge patches, color patches and texture patches. A set of patches is selected from the edge patches, color patches and texture patches by selecting an (ith+1) patch to be within the set of patches based on a Euclidean distance from an ith patch of the set of patches for each of the set of edge patches, the set of color patches and the set of texture patches. A part selection algorithm and a part pooling algorithm is performed to obtain parts that are registered to the object.

This section provides background information related to the present disclosure which is not necessarily prior art.
Feature extraction provides the foundation for many image processing tasks, for example, image classification and object recognition. Traditional feature extraction techniques can be classified as a model-based approach, a data-driven approach or some combination of a model-based and data-driven approach. Model-based approaches of feature extraction typically utilize rules, obtained from training images, to map features to objects in unknown images. Data-driven approaches of feature extraction typically utilize a relatively large number of training images from which to derive feature-to-object mapping examples. Combination or "hybrid" approaches utilize a combination of rules and feature-to-object mapping examples.
The present disclosure provides for a feature extraction technique that utilizes both model-based and data-driven approaches to obtain improved performance, for example, in image classification and object recognition.


A stator for an electric motor, in particular for an external rotor motor, includes a laminated stator core which is provided with a stator winding and having a connecting arrangement, which is arranged on one end side in the region of an end winding of the stator winding, for the purpose of electrically connecting winding wire ends of the stator winding and connecting wires of a temperature monitor connected upstream of the stator winding. The connecting arrangement has an insulating switching disk which covers the region of the end winding, in particular in the form of a cap. The temperature monitor is held in the switching disk in an integrated manner such that, on the end-winding side, it rests between the Mater winding and the switching disk such that it is in thermally conductive bearing contact with said stator winding.

A stator of the above general type is described in EP 0 993 095 A1/B1. With this known stator, the laminated stator core has an insulating plastic compound injected around it at both of its end sides and within stator slots, through which the stator winding is wound, the plastic compound forming an end insulation on both sides - in this case "insulating end disks". A receptacle which is integrally formed on the end disk is provided on one side, and a temperature monitor is inserted axially into said receptacle. The temperature monitor, as a fuse element, is connected electrically in series upstream of the stator winding. In order to connect winding wires and connecting wires of the temperature monitor, a connecting arrangement having at least one multiple-contact chamber is provided which is formed by sub chambers on one of the end disks and on an additional wiring plate which is on the end-winding side. Contact elements in the form of insulation displacement contacts are arranged in the contact chambers. The wiring plate has a through-opening in the region of the temperature monitor and has fixing elements on its upper side for the purpose of holding the connecting wires of the temperature monitor in a clamping manner. The known stator is manufactured and mounted by the winding wire ends being guided through in each case one of the contact chambers and by contact being made there with the winding wire ends by insulation displacement contacts being inserted. It is then possible for connecting lines to be pushed into the respective contacts. The temperature monitor is inserted axially into the receptacle of the end disk, and its connecting wires are guided via the wiring plate and fixed there, and the ends of these connecting wires are inserted into corresponding insulation displacement contacts and, as a result, contact is made with said connecting wires.
EP 0 727 864 B1 describes a connecting arrangement for an electric motor, in which connector elements are held on a disk-shaped base part and have in each case one connection lug having a clamping tongue for the respective wire end for the purpose of connecting the stator winding wire ends. In this case, a special accommodating and contact-making arrangement is provided for a button-like temperature monitor which is in the form of a button battery without any connecting lines, this arrangement making it possible to assemble the motor either with or without a temperature monitor. For this purpose, the base part has a receptacle for the temperature monitor with a special contact spring element, by means of which it is possible to make contact either with the temperature monitor inserted into the receptacle or with a connector element to be used in place of the temperature monitor. A hole opening is formed in a bottom wall of the receptacle such that the temperature monitor resting in the receptacle is exposed to the heat of the stator winding through the hole opening, to be precise only indirectly via a contact section of a connector element and possibly via an additional circuit insulation. Thermal transfer is therefore not optimal.
The present invention is based on the object of providing a stator of the type described at the outset which ensures a high degree of reliability in use, with simplified manufacture and assembly.
According to the invention, the temperature monitor is thus held in an integrated manner in an insulating switching disk, which covers, in particular covers in the form of a cap, the region of the end winding such that, on the end-winding side, it rests between the stator winding and the switching disk such that it is in thermally conductive bearing contact with the stator winding. This means that the temperature monitor—preferably together with further contact elements of the connecting arrangement—is held in an integrated manner in the switching disk in preassembled form such that only the switching disk which has been provided in advance in this manner needs to be placed axially onto the wound laminated stator core. In this case, the temperature monitor bears, in direct bearing contact, against the stator winding on the end-winding side, which ensures effective heat transfer and, as a result, a high degree of reliability owing to the fact that the temperature monitor reliably disconnects the motor in the event of overheating.
In one advantageous refinement, the temperature monitor is fixed in the switching disk by means of its connecting wires, for which purpose the switching disk has fixing elements on its stator side facing the end winding for the purpose of accommodating and holding, in a clamping manner, the connecting wires. In addition, a spring-elastic pressure force is preferably applied to the temperature monitor, for which purpose the switching disk has a spring arm, which produces the pressure force, in the region of the temperature monitor. Owing to this advantageous refinement, tolerance compensation is achieved by any dimensional tolerances; in particular tolerances of the installation height of the end winding, being compensated for by the spring-loading of the temperature monitor such that, in any event, effective, direct thermal contact between the temperature monitor and the stator winding is ensured.
In one further preferred refinement, the connecting wires of the temperature monitor are connected directly using insulation displacement technology. For this purpose, the connecting wires are fixed in the switching disk such that contact is made with them automatically in insulation displacement contacts by means of a simple joint connection by the switching disk being placed axially onto the region of the end winding. This results in simple assembly of the stator.
Further advantageous design features will be explained in more detail below.

Stator for an electric motor having a temperature monitor


A prosthetic restoration of the invention is made from a metal material containing Ti as the main component and from 0.01 to 3 wt % of M (were M is at least one element selected from the group comprising Si, Zr, Ca, P and In). Further, in addition to these materials, from 0.01 to 4 wt % of Q (where Q is at least one element selected from the group comprising Al, Sn, V ad Cu) may be contained. On an outer surface of such a metal material, a coating layer formed of porcelain or synthetic resin or the like can be provided. Such a prosthetic restoration can be manufactured as follows. First, a model of an abutment tooth is manufactured. Next, a compound is prepared by mixing and kneading metallic powder of Ti or an alloy containing Ti, powder composed of the M or a compound containing the M and a binder. In this case, the powder composed of Q or an compound containing the Q may be added. Thereafter, thus obtained compound is built up onto the model of the abutment tooth to form a green body of the prosthetic restoration having a desired shape. Here, it is preferred that the built-up mass becomes slightly larger than the desired shape taking shrinkage of the built-up mass during sintering into consideration. Then, the built-up mass is subjected to a debinding treatment, which is then sintered to obtain a metallic sintered body. A coating layer may be formed onto the outer surface of the metallic sintered body.

1. Field of the invention
The present invention relates to prosthetic restorations which are used on an abutment tooth, and also relates to a method for manufacturing the prosthetic restorations.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There are known prosthetic restorations which are used by being attached to an abutment tooth which has been formed by grinding down a living tooth. These prosthetic restorations are used by being bonded to and fixed on the abutment tooth with a dental cement.
Both (1) metals such as gold, silver and stainless steel and (2) ceramics such as zirconia, aluminia and sapphire have been used as structural materials for such prosthetic restorations.
However, prosthetic restorations made of ceramic materials have a disadvantage in that they have lower toughness and therefore are liable to be damaged.
Furthermore, prosthetic restorations made of noble metals such as gold and silver are very expensive. Moreover, prosthetic restorations made of stainless steel have poor biocompatibility, so that it is concerned about that they may have an adverse effect on the body such as the onset of metal allergies or the risk of carcinogenic actions due to the elusion of Ni and Cr in particular.
In view of the problems as described above, prosthetic restorations made of Ti (titanium) have been developed in recent years. Ti is light and very strong and has excellent corrosion resistance, and it does not give rise to adverse effects due to eluting materials such as those described above.
However, Ti itself does not have so good biocompatibility, and its adhesive property with respect to the abutment tooth is poor. Thus, there is a problem in that a prosthetic restoration made of Ti is liable to be disengaged due to decreasing of the fixing strength. Moreover, prosthetic restorations made of Ti also exhibit poor adhesive onto the outer surface of the prosthetic restoration, so that there is another problem in that peeling off or damage to the coating layer is liable to occur.

Prosthetic restoration and manufacturing method thereof


A connector includes a housing 6 and more than two terminal groups mounted in the housing 6 and having a plurality of terminals 8 including pressing protrusions 8b to be pressure-contacted with a conductor pattern on each connecting portion of the cable. The connector further includes a wiring conductor 9 connected to each terminal 8 in the terminal groups for forming a desired wiring circuit in the housing, and engaging portions 10a provided in housing 6 for securing the housing to a cable holding portion which supports each connecting portion on the cable when engaging portions 10a are engaged with lock portions provided in the cable holding portion.

1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a connecting method and a connector for wiring and connecting, in particular cross-wiring flexible planar conductor cables.
2. Statement of the Prior Art
A flexible planar conductor cable or a flexible printed circuit (hereinafter referred to as "FPC") has a construction in which a circuit pattern is formed by attaching a conductor such as Cu or the like through an adhesive on an insulation film such as polyimide or the like and a similar insulation film is applied through an adhesive to the former film with the circuit pattern.
Such an FPC is easily wired since it is flexible and the conductors are formed in a pattern on the film. In particular, FPCs are often used to interconnect complicated circuits and devices. However, it is impossible to cross-wire an FPC so that it jumps over a circuit pattern, since it is formed with a planar shape whereby circuit design is subject to various restrictions.
For example, if a circuit design is effected to eliminate cross-wiring the circuit pattern of a portion to be connected to FPC devices are predetermined and thus the devices to be connected to the FPC must accord with the circuit pattern of the FPC. Consequently, design of devices is subject to serious limitations. Accordingly, it is necessary to effect cross-wiring on an FPC. A prior method of cross-wiring an FPC employs a jumper lead.
For convenience of explanation, an example of the prior method of cross-wiring of the FPC is described below with reference to drawings. FIG. 19A is a plan view of a cross circuit, FIG. 19(B) is a circuit pattern for carrying out the wiring of the cross circuit, and FIG. 19(C) is a partial cross sectional view of a circuit wired with a jumper lead.
In the case of designing, for example, a circuit pattern of an FPC in accordance with a wiring diagram shown in FIG. 19(A), there are three cross circuits A, B, and C. FIG. 19(B) shows a circuit pattern of conductors 3 of the FPC to realize the above circuit diagram and the jumper leads are used as shown by broken lines 3a, 3b, and 3c. As shown in FIG. 19(C), jumper lead 2 is disposed under FPC 1, one end of jumper lead 2 projects from connecting hole 3e formed in a connecting portion of Cu pattern 3, these portions are soldered by solder 4 to complete the cross-wiring.
In FIG. 19(C), 1a is an insulation film, and 1b an adhesive, and 1c an insulation film provided on the rear side thereof.
However, in the conventional cross-wiring using the jumper leads it is required to carry out steps of forming holes 3e in the connecting portion of FPC 1, inserting jumper leads 2 into holes 3e from the underside of the FPC, and then soldering them. Thus, it is very difficult to change the circuit pattern of the cross-wiring on account of the soldering of jumper leads 2 and the connecting portion of the FPC. It is also impossible to change the circuit pattern of the FPC conductor only by changing the circuit of the jumper leads 2 since a predetermined circuit pattern of the conductor of the FPC is formed on a portion having no cross-wiring (for example, portion 3d in FIG. 19(B)). Further, there is a case where the circuit pattern itself of the FPC conductor must be changed.

Connecting method and a connector for flexible planar conductor cables


A lubricious polymeric composition which is stable toward sterilizing radiation includes a semicrystalline polyolefin of narrow molecular weight distribution having incorporated therein a liquid mobilizing additive, a radiation stabilizing amount of a hindered amine, a lubricating amount of an erucic acid derivative and a clarifying amount of a sorbitol derivative. The invention includes a sterilized article fabricated from the composition and a method to radiation sterilize the article.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to polymeric articles and more particularly relates to lubricious polymeric articles which retain their lubricity during application of sterilizing radiation.
2. Background Art
Semicrystalline polymeric materials, including the polyolefins of which polypropylene is most significant with respect to the present invent ion, are often employed in producing shaped articles subsequently subjected to irradiation sterilization techniques. For example, in the health and medical field, these sterilizable articles include syringes, tubing and tube assemblies, microbiological plastics, flasks, package film and the like. It is well-known that these semicrystalline polymeric materials, if not properly stabilized, will discolor and become embrittled as a result of sterilization by exposure to high energy radiation at levels above 0.1 megarads.
Further, after irradiation has been completed, post irradiative oxidation continues due to free radicals generated by the irradiation which participate in branching chain reactions. Therefore, while degradation of the mechanical properties of these polymeric materials may not be obvious immediately after irradiation, they become more pronounced as time goes on. Thus, much effort has been expended toward agents or additives which would stabilize polymeric materials toward post irradiation degradation.
Some recent attempts have been made to improve the stability of semicrystalline polymeric materials so as to reduce embrittlement. U.S. Pat. No. 4,110,185 to Williams et al. discloses flexible sterilized articles comprising a semicrystalline polymer having a noncrystalline mobilizing additive incorporated therein. The additive increases the free volume of the polymer which is believed to account for the improved stability during and subsequent to irradiation.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,274,932 to Williams et al., a further improvement in radiation stability is achieved by including the above mobilizing additive in a semi crystalline polymer having a narrow molecular weight distribution.
Polyolefins containing a sterically hindered amine stabilizing agent are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,785,034 to Gaku et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,563,259 to Rayher and in Japanese Patent J60099-147-A.
In addition to a requirement for radiation stability, some articles also require a lubricious surface. U.S. Pat. No. 4,760,116 to Roberts discloses films of crosslinked polyethylene compositions containing fatty acid amide slip agents to provide a satisfactory coefficient of friction (COF).
Articles requiring both sterilization and lubricity at a surface to surface interface, such as a syringe barrel and plunger, present a different problem. Application of a conventional lubricant, such as a hydrocarbon oil or a silicone oil, to the interface has not been satisfactory because many of these lubricants are subject to air oxidation resulting in viscosity changes, objectionable color development, and a tendency to migrate and form beads. For medical articles to be sterilized after packaging, degradation of the lubricant during sterilization or during shelf life may compromise the performance of the article. An approach to overcoming this problem is plasma treatment as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,767,414 to Williams et al.
In some applications, polymeric materials are used in forms such as plates, sheets, films and the like in which clarity or transparency is a very desirable property. Clarity may also be important for certain plastic articles, such as syringes, made by injection molding. Additives which improve clarity have been disclosed by Hamada et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,016,118 by Mahaffey et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,371,645 and by Williams et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 4,845,137.
In copending application Ser. No. 362,999, of common assignee herewith, there is disclosed a polyolefin composition of high clarity and stability to radiation sterilization provided by combining the polyolefin with a mobilizing oil, a dibenzylidene sorbitol clarifier and a hindered piperidine stabilizer.
There is a need, unaddressed hitherto in the art, for a lubricious polyolefin composition capable of slidable face-to-face movement over a second surface in an article which can be radiation sterilized after packaging without discoloration, loss of mechanical properties or loss of lubricity. It is toward fulfillment of this need that the present invention is directed.

Lubricious radiation stable polymeric composition and articles therefrom


The present disclosure provides a vehicle rear view device comprising: a shell; a rear view mirror forming an accommodation space between the shell and the rear view mirror; and a wireless communication device comprising a communication circuit board and a communication antenna. The communication circuit board is located in the accommodation space, the communication antenna is disposed in m antenna placement area of the shell, the communication antenna is disposed separately from the communication circuit board, md the communication antenna and the communication circuit board are electrically connected.

The vehicle rear view device is an essential part of the vehicle. With the development of the vehicle intelligence, the vehicle rear view device is gradually improved in functions from the original simple rear view function.
For example, the vehicle rear view device can integrate with a communication module such as a Bluetooth module or a Global Positioning System (GPS) module and the like.


An electronic device with one or more processors and memory detects a user input to play a media item, where the media item is associated with at least a portion of an audio track and one or more media files. The device requests the media item from a server in response to the user input and, in response to the request, receives, from the server, the one or more media files and information identifying at least the portion of the audio track. The device obtains at least the portion of the audio track based on the information identifying at least the portion of the audio track. The device also displays the one or more media files and, while displaying the one or more media files, plays back at least the portion of the audio track in synchronization with the one or more media files.

As wireless networks and the processing power of mobile devices have improved, web-based applications increasingly allow everyday users to create original content in real-time without professional software. For example, Instagram and Vine allow a user to create original media content that is personalized to the user's tastes—anytime and anywhere. Despite the advances in the provision of web-based media creation applications, some solutions for creating media content are clumsy or ill-suited to future improvements in provisioning media content.

Methods and devices for synchronizing and sharing media items


A metal locking clasp for securing the free ends of watch bands, bracelets and the like, having a hook and bar joining mechanism that is held in place with a first pivoting lock plate and depending lock element, is provided with a second locking mechanism that is pivotally mounted for rotation from an open position that is displaced from the closed lock plate to a locked position. The second locking mechanism consists of a cover plate and a pair of depending pivot arms, the arms being mounted in the clasp frame sidewalls at the end oppose the free end of the band. The second locking mechanism is secured by engagement of projecting elements, such as bosses, which extend between the sidewalls and pivot arms and engage openings or recesses in the adjacent surface.

A variety of mechanisms have been employed for joining and securing the free ends of watch bands and bracelets. One form of metal clasp that is in wide-spread use for joining and securing the ends of flexible metal mesh watch bands comprises a first element in the form of a U-shaped frame member adapted to receive a section of one of the bands and which includes a clamping mechanism to releasably secure the frame member at a predetermined position on a section of the band. A second joining member is permanently secured to the terminus of the free end of the second band. In order to permit the wearer to initially join the free ends, a combination of a transverse bar or pin and a hook member are respectively provided on the free ends of the band. The initial hook and bar connection allows the wearer to determine that the fit is appropriate, and this initial joining step can be facilitated by use of a pivoting locking plate. After the hook has been placed over the bar, the pivoting locking plate is rotated to secure the locking mechanism. Representative structures for this type of metal locking clasp are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,359,808; 3,425,104 and others.
Although generally reliable, the locking clasps of the prior art have only a single locking mechanism and that mechanism can be unintentionally released when the pivoting locking plate is accidently opened. Once the locking plate is lifted, the hook is easily displaced from the bar and the free ends separate. It would therefore be desirable to provide a locking clasp having a second or safety lock that would prevent the accidental inadvertent opening of the first or primary lock.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an improved metal clasp for joining the free ends of watch bands, bracelets and the like which has a double-locking mechanism to provide protection against the inadvertent unlocking of the clasp and the potential loss or damage to the watch.
It is another object of the invention to provide a double-locking metal safety clasp which is compact and aesthetically attractive, and which at the same time, is relatively simple in its mode of operation, as well as in its construction, and which is therefore economical to manufacture.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a double-locking metal safety clasp in which a second locking mechanism can be adapted for use with single lock clasps with a minimum of retooling for their manufacture.


An electrohydraulic steering system includes a steering unit, triggerable via a user control element, for supplying a steering motor with pressure fluid. As a function of the actuation of the user control element or as a function of an external signal, the steering motor can be supplied with an additional quantity of pressure fluid via a steering valve. A blocking valve is located in the flow path of the additional pressure fluid and can be put in a blocking position in order to block the flow path of the additional pressure fluid to the steering motor.

The invention relates to an electrohydraulic steering system.
Electrohydraulic steering systems are intended predominantly to offer the user of an agricultural machine greater comfort or to make automatic procedures possible. These agricultural machines include for instance agricultural tractors and wheel loaders.
In German Patent Disclosure DE 102 57 130 A1, an electrohydraulic steering system of this generic type is disclosed in which pressure fluid is fed to a steering motor via a steering unit, as a function of a steering lock set via a user control element, such as a steering wheel or a joystick. The fundamental construction of this kind of steering unit, also known as Orbitrol, is disclosed for instance in the data sheet RD 14 365/07.03 published by the present Applicant. A steering unit of this kind essentially comprises a manually actuated servo valve of the rotary slide valve type, a rotor set (metering pump) operating on the gerotor principle, and the valves necessary for the hydraulic steering circuit. For increasing the steering quantity, parallel to the flow of pressure fluid fed to the steering motor via the steering unit, an additional volumetric flow of pressure fluid is fed into the steering motor via a steering valve. This kind of electrohydraulic steering system, in tractors, for instance, makes it possible to drive in unplanted wheel tracks, where the control is done via external signals, such as position signals of a GPS, and the steering quantity is set solely by way of the steering valve. In a so-called booster steering system, in addition to the volumetric flow of pressure fluid fed via the steering unit, a defined additional quantity of pressure fluid is fed to the steering motor via the steering valve, so that for a defined steering angle at the wheels of the machine, the number of turns of the steering wheel necessary is reduced. A power steering system can also be attained, in which in addition to the steering wheel, further user control elements, such as a joystick or potentiometer, make it easier for the user to steer the agricultural machine.
Since these agricultural machines are increasingly involved in traffic, and their permissible speeds are constantly increasing, particular attention must be paid to safe function of the electrohydraulic steering system.
For instance, if the steering valve fails—for instance because of a seized piston—then the regulating piston of the steering valve may no longer be able to return to its neutral position (blocking position). In that case, even though the user has actuated the user control element in the direction of reducing the steering lock, nevertheless an additional quantity of pressure fluid continues to be fed to the steering motor via the proportional valve, so that the user has no capability, or only a very restricted capability, of steering correction; the agricultural machine becomes uncontrollable. Although it is possible for the malfunction to be displayed using the travel monitoring of the steering valve that is present in the prior art, nevertheless the user cannot actively take any countermeasures to rescind the steering lock.


An embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft being flown by a pilot includes a signal processing component, a protection component and a pilot vehicle interface. A method for providing an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft being flown by a pilot includes providing a signal processing component, a protection component and a pilot vehicle interface. The signal processing component communicates with three-dimensional digital terrain elevation data and is able to take input data from aircraft sensors, aircraft computers or navigation systems and determine aircraft position and velocity. The protection component is in communication with the signal processing unit such that the protection component is able to determine if a potential controlled flight into terrain exists and is able to predict a recovery flight path to avoid terrain. The pilot vehicle interface communicates with the protection component such that the pilot vehicle interface can issue a warning to the pilot of the aircraft of impending flight into terrain, and issue a directive solution to prevent the impending flight into terrain.

The material on the compact discs and the computer program listing appendix is hereby incorporated-by-reference.
The present invention relates to an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft. More specifically, but without limitation, the present invention relates to an embedded terrain awareness warning system or terrain advisory system that provides visual and aural warnings of impending controlled flight into terrain, to pilots of aircraft so that recovery may be initiated.
Existing terrain advisory systems, like the Ground Proximity Warning System (xe2x80x9cGPWSxe2x80x9d), compute the altitude required for recovery based upon current flight conditions. In some GPWS, the altitude is compared to the height above the terrain (measured by a radar altimeter) and a warning is issued to the pilot when insufficient altitude remains for avoiding the terrain. This is basically a one-dimensional solution in altitude only. This type of GPWS is sometimes referred to as a xe2x80x9clook downxe2x80x9d system because the primary sensor of the GPWS is the radar altimeter. An altimeter is typically defined, but without limitation, as a flight instrument that indicates altitude above a reference level, as above the sea or ground. The radar altimeter can typically only measure the altitude directly below the aircraft, not what is in front of the aircraft. Therefore, this type of GPWS cannot protect the pilot from flight into rising terrain (i.e., mountains). In addition, the radar altimeter is not functional when the aircraft is inverted, at steep dive angles, or at high altitudes. These types of aircraft maneuvers are common when flying tactical aircraft (a tactical aircraft is typically defined, but without limitation, as an aircraft designed for, or used in, fighting operations against a hostile force either in the air or on the surface), especially in combat and military training situations. Therefore, this type of GPWS would not be useful aboard a tactical aircraft.
For a warning system to be accepted by the pilot community it must not issue any xe2x80x9cnuisance warningsxe2x80x9dxe2x80x94that is, unnecessary warnings that occur which hinder or distract the pilot when executing authorized aircraft maneuvers. Existing GPWS met the threshold for xe2x80x9cnuisance warnings,xe2x80x9d however; current systems are still nuisance prone in some areas because of the system""s inability to accurately project terrain ahead of the aircraft.
Another approach to terrain advisory systems utilizes a geographic input. In this approach representative data is stored for various geographic locations. Certain terrain advisory systems store computer representations of terrain. Typically, these systems do not store all of the irregularities of the terrain and obstacles. Instead, some current systems approximate the terrain and obstacles by a series of standard shapes. These standard shapes include simple geometric shapes such as cones, truncated cones, connected cones and other shapes. This type of system only approximates the terrain and often does not give an accurate reading or warning to the pilot, and often times gives incorrect nuisance warnings, especially at supersonic speeds (greater than the speed of sound) and in combat situations.
Certain terrain advisory systems do not provide recovery solutions or inform the pilot the type of action required to avoid terrain. This type of system requires the pilot to determine the action needed, which may take time, after which it may be too late to initiate recovery.
For the foregoing reasons, there is a need for an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft. Information relevant to attempts to address these problems can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,433,323, 4,495,483, 4,567,483, 4,646,244, 4,684,948, 4,675,823, 4,725,811, 4,849,756, 4,857,923, 4,891,642, 4,905,000, 4,914,436, 4,947,164, 5,059,964, 5,136,518, 5,153,588, 5,166,682, 5,196,847, 5,839,080, 6,088,634, 6,092,009, 6,122,570, and 6,138,060. (None of these patents are admitted to be prior art with respect to the present invention.) However, each of these references suffers from one of the above listed disadvantages or from an unlisted disadvantage.
The present invention is directed to an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft that satisfies the needs listed above and below.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft that overcomes many of the disadvantages of currently used warning and terrain advisory systems. An embedded terrain awareness warning system having features of the present invention comprises of a signal processing component, a protection component and a pilot vehicle interface. The signal processing component is in communication with three-dimensional digital terrain elevation data; the three-dimensional digital terrain elevation data contains digital terrain. The signal processing component is able to take input data from aircraft sensors and determine aircraft velocity and aircraft position on the three-dimensional digital terrain elevation data. The protection component is in communication with the signal processing component such that the protection component is able to predict a flight path of the aircraft and overlay the flight path on the digital terrain elevation data and is able to determine if a potential controlled flight into terrain situation exists. The protection component is further able to determine a recovery flight path to avoid terrain. The pilot vehicle interface communicates with the protection component such that the pilot vehicle interface can issue to the pilot of the aircraft a warning if there exists a potential impending flight into terrain, and issue to the pilot directions for a recovery flight path solution to prevent flight into terrain. The directions for a recovery flight path solution is based on the recovery flight path to avoid terrain.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft that predicts recovery in three dimensions.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft that warns the pilot of flight into rising terrain.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft that is functional when the aircraft is inverted, at steep dive angles, at high altitudes, or during emission control conditions (radar altimeter turned off for threat avoidance).
It is also an object of the invention to provide an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft that can be effectively used aboard a tactical aircraft.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft that does not over-predict the recovery capabilities, thus significantly reducing nuisance warnings.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a robust terrain advisory system that predicts flight in all types of terrain and all flight phases and issues warnings to the aircrew in sufficient time to successfully recover the aircraft from flight into terrain. It is another object of this invention to minimize nuisance warnings while providing this protection.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft that integrates multiple sensor data to reduce errors and eliminate false or nuisance warnings. False warnings are, but without limitation, those warnings that are caused by erroneous data while the aircraft is not in a potential controlled flight into terrain condition. Controlled flight into terrain is typically defined, but without limitation, as a fully functioning aircraft and pilot crashing into terrain or water. This type of incident usually results when a pilot loses situational awareness or becomes preoccupied with a task.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft that stores all of the irregularities of terrain and obstacles.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft, which provides visual and aural (pertaining to the sense of hearing) warnings of impending controlled flight into terrain to pilots of aircraft so that recovery can be initiated.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft, which provides a recovery arrow on the head-up display or primary flight instrument of the aircraft and directive voice commands warning the pilot of impending controlled flight into terrain so that recovery can be initiated.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft, which provides the pilot of the aircraft a warning of impending controlled flight into terrain and informs the pilot the type of action required to avoid the terrain.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft that accurately models the aircraft responses, thereby, increasing the likelihood that a warning will be issued in sufficient time for successful recovery.

Embedded terrain awareness warning system for aircraft

The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy


A seat assembly (10) for a bicycle, the seat assembly (10) having a seat (34) and a mounting assembly (50) located proximate a front of the seat (34) and being connected thereto, a hub (22) for receiving mounting assembly (50) in a rotatable manner, the axis of rotation (88) being diagonal with respect to horizontal and vertical planes, the arrangement being such that the seat (34) can move from side to side, and a lower frame member (24) extending between the hub (22) and a seat post mounting element (12).

Bicycle riders while pedalling tend to move the whole body sideways. Because a traditional bicycle seat has a fixed position relative to the frame it cannot move sideways together with rider's body and therefore, can be a major source of discomfort and perineal health issues. Some of the health problems include severe chafing of tissue in contact with the seat, restriction of blood flow through perinea area of the body, numbness as well as problems with reproductive organs.
The normal bicycle seat includes an elongated and narrow front portion with a wider rear portion. It has been advanced in the art that this arrangement is such as to wedge into the pubic part of the rider and force the left and right hip bones apart. This structure is believed to be bad both for the sexual function of the male and furthermore, it has been hypothesized that forcing the hip bones apart impinges on the sacroiliac joint of the rider.
In order to overcome this, many proposals in the art suggest a bifurcated seat which provides two support surfaces which are spaced apart. Coupled with this, arrangements have been proposed wherein the two seat portions can pivot so as to move upwardly and downwardly as the pedals are pushed.
While the above arrangement is more comfortable than the conventional seat, it is believed that having a bicycle seat which rotates in a plane angled with respect to the horizontal is more comfortable and suitable for the rider.


An electrical connector assembly includes an insulating housing, a plurality of first contacts received in the insulating housing, at least one detecting pin and a controlling circuitry. At least partial first contacts unitarily includes first contacting portions transferring first data signals and second contacting portions transferring second data signals. The detecting pin produces two sets of different detecting signals corresponding to the first data signals and the second data signals. The controlling circuitry controls said data signals output data signals through different output terminals.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an electrical connector, and more particularly, to an electrical connector made in accordance with USB (universal serial bus) and eSATA (external serial advanced technology attachment) protocol, and incorporated with a circuitry arranged on a mother board.
2. Description of the Related Art
Taiwan Utility Patent No. M346928 issued to Taiwan Electronics Co., Ltd., discloses an electrical connector adapted for being mated with USB 2.0, USB 3.0 and eSATA plug. Four first contacts are arranged on the upper face of the tongue portion to connect with the USB 2.0 plug and seven second contacts are on the lower face of the tongue portion to connect with the eSATA plug. Middle five of said seven second contacts bent upwards and then inward from front ends thereof to form another contacting portion which cooperates with said four first contacts to connect with the USB 3.0 plug. In other word said five second contacts can transfer USB or eSATA signal depending on the insertion of the USB or eSATA plug. On the other hand, cross talking between the contacts and the trace circuits on a printed circuit where the connector is assembled will occur. Since the USB 3.0 is transmitted in a comparable high data rate, it is very much likely to create a so-called noise between the circuitry on the printed board and the contacts itself.
Hence, a new electrical connector assemble is highly desired to overcome the disadvantages of the related art.

Electrical connector incorporated with signal controlling circuitry


Systems and methods for section-by-section processing of the digital image file are disclosed. More specifically, the disclosed systems and methods operate in stages to select portions, but not the entirety, of the relevant image data file that is to be processed. With respect to each specified section, practice of one embodiment of these systems and methods involves processing or transforming the selected portion and then storing each processed portion to produce a transformed image data file.

The present invention relates to a unique system and methodology for processing an image data file utilizing an approach in which processing takes place in stages, each of which involves image processing in sections (e.g., rows or row regions), defined generally by being less than the whole of the relevant, full-image data file.
According to practice of this invention, an image data file, such as a compressed image data file, is treated in stages which involve less than the full content of the file, such as on a section by section, a line-by-line basis, or a several-line by several-line basis. In one embodiment, in each of the stages, the disclosed systems and methods (a) first perform, with respect to yet un-decompressed image data, a decompression function; (b) next perform any section resizing which may be necessary; (c) next perform an optional color-space transform function; (d) next perform an optional bit depth transform function; (e) next perform a half-toning function; and (f) then perform a buffer-storage function relative to the processed section, until all of the subject data in an image file has been processed.
The various features and advantages of the invention will become more fully apparent as the description which now follows is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Systems and methods for section-by-section processing of a digital image file


A memory system and an operating method thereof are provided. The memory system includes a semiconductor memory device configured to perform a read operation and a controller configured to control the read operation of the semiconductor memory device, and the controller, by determining programmed states of memory cells located nearby selected memory cells, divides the selected memory cells into a plurality of groups depending on an amount of interference, and corrects data of one of the groups having a great amount of interference.

1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a memory system and an operating method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a memory system in which precise data is read, and an operating method thereof.
2. Related Art
A semiconductor memory is a memory device implemented using a semiconductor, such as silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium phosphide (InP), etc. The semiconductor is mainly divided into a volatile memory and a nonvolatile memory.
The volatile memory is a memory device which loses stored data when power is interrupted. Examples of the volatile memory include a static random access memory (SRAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), etc. The nonvolatile memory is a memory device which maintains stored data even when power is interrupted. Examples of the nonvolatile memory include a read only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a flash memory, a phase-change RAM (PRAM), a magnetic RAM (MRAM), a resistive RAM (RRAM), a ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), etc. The flash memory is mainly divided into a NOR type flash memory and a NAND type flash memory.
FIG. 1A is a view illustrating a programming operation of 2 bit data in a nonvolatile memory device.
The following description will be made on the assumption that a programming operation is performed in an incremental step pulse programming (ISPP) method. The ISPP method repeatedly performs a programming operation on memory cells by gradually increasing a program voltage, so that the threshold voltage distribution of a memory cell is precisely controlled.
As for a nonvolatile memory device, 1 bit or 2 bit of data may be stored in a single memory cell depending on the demand of a user. In a case that 1 bit data is stored, the memory cells may be divided into a memory cell having a threshold voltage lower than 0 V and a memory cell having a threshold voltage higher than 0 V depending on data stored in the memory cells. In a case that 2 bit data is stored, the memory cells may be divided into a first memory cell having a threshold voltage lower than 0, and second to fourth memory cells each having a different threshold voltage higher than 0 V.
Referring to FIG. 1A, a programming operation includes a first process of programming a least significant bit and a second process of programming a most significant bit. In the first process, a program voltage having a great increase rate is used in order to increase the programming operation speed. Accordingly, the state of a memory cell is changed from an erased state '11' into a programmed state '10'. Since a program voltage having a great increase rate is used, the programmed cell has a wide threshold voltage distribution.
The second process of programming a most significant bit is divided depending on the state of a least significant bit and a bit stored as a most significant bit. First, a cell to store a most significant bit of '1' among cells having a least significant bit of '1' (that is, an erased state) is not subject to a programming operation. On the other hand, a cell to store a most significant bit of '0' among cells having a least significant bit of '1' (that is, an erased state) is programmed in a '01' state.
In addition, a cell to store a most significant bit of '1' among cells having a least significant bit of '0' (that is, a programmed state) is programmed as in a '10' state, and a cell to store a most significant bit of '0' among cells having a least significant bit of '0' (that is, a programmed state) is programmed in a '00' state.
FIG. 1B is a view illustrating a program sequence of most significant bit data and least significant bit data of 2 bit data.
Referring to FIG. 1B, first, a memory cell connected to an even bit line BLe and a first word line WL0 is programmed using least significant bit LSB data (0). Thereafter, a memory cell connected to an odd bit line BLo and the first word line WL0 is programmed using LSB data (1). Thereafter, a memory cell connected to the even bit line BLe and a second word line WL1 is programmed using LSB data (2). Thereafter, a memory cell connected to the odd bit line BLo and the second word line WL1 is programmed using LSB data (3). Thereafter, a memory cell connected to the even bit line BLe and the first word line WL0 is programmed using most significant bit MSB data (4). Thereafter, a memory cell connected to the odd bit line BLo and the first word line WL0 is programmed using MSB data (5). At this time, a programming operation on the memory cell connected to the first word line WL0 is completed, and such a programming operation is repeatedly performed in the same manner.
However, when a programming operation is performed in this manner on memory cells connected adjacent word lines or bit lines, interference in a bit line direction and a word line direction may change the threshold voltage distribution of memory cells. Accordingly, each memory cell has a different change in threshold voltage depending on the programmed state of nearby memory cells, and thus wrong data may be read at a read operation of a nonvolatile memory device.

Memory system and operating method thereof


A computer program, computer-readable media and data signal for providing a content-specific graphic user interface each includes a plurality of code segments for rendering a user interface having at least one graphic manipulation icon, said at least one graphic manipulation icon being operatively associated with at least one attribute of the graphic image for manipulation of said at least one attribute by a user. A method and system for using core functions from a host application to provide a content-specific graphical image manipulation interface is also disclosed.

The present invention relates broadly to computer software for graphical representations of physical objects and, more particularly, to a user interface for graphical image applications having user controls based on graphical content.
Professional software applications, in the area of graphics and other fields, generally provide users with access to a task-specific set of functions to create and edit content. Accordingly, the graphic user interface (GUI) provides an interface with end-user to interact with functions inherent in the application. Developers may use a menu system designed around core functions provided by the host application. The core functions can include basic movement functions such as rotate and appearance functions, such as those defining texture.
Often in the area of computer graphics, external image data is imported into a host application to create a composite image formed from the external image data and the image generated by the host application. For example, a graphic image could be imported into a host application containing a separate image to create a composite image with the host application providing a background for the newly imported data. In this case, the process of editing content can be complex, often requiring multiple steps to accomplish what appear to be simple tasks. A fundamental problem with prior user interfaces is the requirement that basic or fundamental editing functions are required to create and edit content. The result is that users are required to address content editing in terms of the basic language used to manipulate objects within the host application. The ultimate result is often increased learning periods and inefficient use of the users time in performing multiple tasks to accomplish simple high-level content-specific tasks.
For example, a graphics program might illustrate a room containing several adjustable chairs and a desk. If the designer wanted to adjust a chair within the image, a complex series of instructions on a generic level could accomplish the task. These instructions may include scaling, rotation or other generic movements that are non-specific to the item depicted in the image.
Production work flow and quality can be improved by providing a graphic user interface that includes menu driven commands that are content-specific, i.e. dedicated to the content of the image. In the example above, a content-specific menu might provide adjustment of the chair with commands such as "swiveling" and "elevation". These simple commands would cause movement of the chair within the image without the time and mental effort required to move the chair based on fundamental commands.


A cross member passes a longitudinal member. The cross member is connected, on its outer end, to a side sill assembly and includes a connecting portion that divides the cross member into a remote cross member portion from the outer end of the cross member, and the other cross member portion. A reinforcement element extends through the connecting portion into the remote cross member portion and terminates in at its inner end spaced by a gap from a top wall of the longitudinal member, and it extends into the other cross member portion and terminates in at its outer end in the neighborhood of the side sill assembly. It is connected to an upper inner wall of the remote cross member portion, but spaced from an upper inner wall of the other cross member portion.

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a vehicle floor structure for a motor vehicle.
2. Background Art
JP-A 8-80874 (now JP Pat. No. 3381404) discloses a vehicle with a seat cross member, which is connected to a longitudinal floor beam, for example, a floor side sill assembly, on each side of the vehicle, and a center tunnel. Each of the seat cross members includes a recessed portion between an outer end side portion and an inner end side portion. The recessed portion and the outer end side portion are connected by a connecting portion. The connecting portion includes a ramp between top walls of the recessed portion and the outer end side portion. The top wall of the recessed portion is lower in height than the top wall of the outer end side portion.
An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle floor structure with a seat cross member in a floor which is stable but which guarantees optimal deforming and/or bending properties to absorb the impact load in the event of a side collision.

Vehicle floor structure for a motor vehicle


A door pressing system for pressing interior passage doors, exterior entry doors, bi-fold doors, and/or closet doors features a multi-door pressing station including first and second presses, a loading device, and a discharging device. The pressing station is configured to alternatively move the first and second presses into operative alignment with the loading and discharging devices. The press in operative alignment delivers a pressed assembled door to the discharging device and receives an assembled door layup to be pressed from the loading device. The other press that is out of operatively alignment presses an assembled door received therein. Additional methods and systems are also provided.

A door such as a hollow core door typically includes two molded or flush door skins (sometimes called "door facings") attached to opposite sides of an interior door frame, which is typically made of wood but sometimes metal or composites. The door facings are often molded from a composite of wood fiber and resin compound, although fiberglass-reinforced polymeric door facings and steel door facings are also known. The door frame typically includes stiles and rails positioned around the perimeter of the door that together form the frame. The interior of the door may optionally include a core.
Manual assembly of doors is relatively labor intensive, expensive, and subject to quality variations. During manual assembly, a door facing is placed on a production table with its intended exterior surface face down. Adhesive is applied, typically via a roll coater, to the opposite sides of the stiles and rails. The core and/or lock block(s), if any, are likewise coated. The adhesively coated frame parts (stiles and rails) are then placed by hand on the door facing on the table. Typically, the rails are placed at the top and bottom of the door facing, and the stiles are placed on opposite sides of the door facing. With the adhesive applied to a second upward-facing side of the stiles and rails, a second door facing is placed with its interior surface on the second side of the frame. Another door facing is then placed with its exterior surface face down on the previously assembled door and the process repeated until a stack of doors has been assembled. In this manual assembly process, the assembled doors should be handled carefully, given that the components of the door are in a loose "layup" state and can easily shift during transportation.
In the above-described manner, each successive door assembly is stacked on top of the previous door assembly until a predetermined quantity of door assemblies has been stacked. The stack of door assemblies is then transported to and loaded in a press. The press applies pressure to the entire stack for a period of time sufficient to allow the adhesive to bond the door facings to their respective frames. Conventional adhesives, such as polyvinyl acetate, may take approximately thirty minutes or more to cure or harden in the press before the door reaches "green" strength. The door achieves "green" strength when the adhesive has reached sufficient bonding strength to hold the door components together for further handling.
Once green strength is achieved, the doors may be removed from the press and moved to an in-process inventory until the adhesive reaches adequate cure strength. Depending upon the adhesive used and ambient conditions, the doors may need to remain in inventory for a relatively long period of time, for example two hours or more, or even as long as twenty-four hours, before the adhesive reaches adequate bonding strength for final processing.
After reaching adequate cure strength the doors are then moved to a final processing station. Final processing includes edge trimming the doors to customer specification and optional coating and/or painting of door skins and exposed edges of the stiles and rails around each door perimeter. Using this process, manufacturing time for a door may be twenty-four hours or more, from the time production is initiated to the resulting finished door is complete and ready for delivery to a customer or user.

This patent is subject to a terminal disclaimer.

Automated door assembly and methods, press used therewith, and adhesive therefor